by a Colony or Colonies consisting of a Number between a Hundred and a Thousand People which seems probable such Colony or Colonies might be brought over between the Year of the World 2400 and 2600 viz. about eight or nine Hundred Years after the Flood and fourteen or fifteen Hundred Years before the Birth of Christ at which time the World might have about a Million of Families and four or five Millions of People From which Hypothesis it will follow by an orderly Series of Increase That when the Romans invaded England fifty three Years before Christ's time the Kingdom might have about 360,000 People and at Christ's Birth about four hundred Thousand That at the Norman Conquest Ann. Christ 1066. the Kingdom might contain somewhat above 2,000,000 That Anno 1260. or about 200 Years after the Norman Conquest it might contain about 2,750,000 People or half the present Number So that the People of England may have doubled in about 435 Years last past That in probability the next doubling will be in about 600 Years to come viz. by the Year 2300 at which time it may have about 11,000,000 of People and the Kingdom containing about 39 Millions of Acres there will be then about three Acres and a half per Head That the Increase of the Kingdom for every hundred Years of the last preceding Term of doubling and the subsequent Term of doubling may have been and in probability may be according to the following Scheme Anno Christi Number of People Increase every hundred Years 1300 2,860,000 440,000 1400 3,300,000 540,000 1500 3,840,000 780,000 1600 4,620,000 880,000 1700 5,500,000 920,000 1800 6,420,000 930,000 1900 7,350,000 930,000 2000 8,280,000 925,000 2100 9,205,000 910,000 2200 10,115,000 885,000 2300 11,000,000  Whereby it may appear That the Increase of the Kingdom being 880,000 People in the last hundred Years and 920000 in the next succeeding hundred Years the Annual Increase at this time may be about 9000 Souls per Annum But whereas the Yearly Births of the Kingdom are about 1 in 28 95 or 190,000 Souls And the Yearly Burials 1 in 32 35 or 170,000 Souls Whereby the Yearly Increase would be 20,000 Souls It is to be noted  p. An.  1 st That the Allowance for Plagues and great Mortalities may come to at a Medium 4000 11,000 per An. 2 dly Foreign or Civil Wars at a Medium 3500 3 dly The Sea constantly employing about 40,000 may precipitate the death of about 2500 4 thly The Plantations over and above the Accession of Foreigners may carry away 1000 Whereby the neat Annual Increase may be but 9000. Souls That of these 20,000 Souls which would be the Annual Increase of the Kingdom by Procreation were it not for the formention'd Abatements The Country Increases Annually by Procreation 20,000 Souls The Cities and Towns exclusive of London by Procreation 2000 Souls But London and the Bills of Mortality decrease Annually 2000 Souls So that London requires a Supply of 2000 Souls per An. to keep it from decreasing besides a further Supply of about 3000 per Annum for its Increase at this time In all 5000 or above a half of the Kingdoms neat Increase Mr. King further observes That by the Assessments on Marriages Births and Burials and the Collectors Returns thereupon and by the Parish Registers it appears That the Proportions of Marriages Births and Burials are according to the following Scheme Vide Scheme A. Whence it may be observ'd That in 10,000 Co-existing Persons Scheme A. People Annual Marriages 530,000 London and Bills of Mortality 1 in 106. In all 5000. Producing 4. Children each 870,000 The Cities and Market Towns 1 in 128. In all 6800. Producing 4.5 Children each 4,100,000 The Villages and Hamlets 1 in 141. In all 29200. Producing 4.8 Children each 5,500,000  1 in 134.  41000.  4.64  Annual Births Annual Burials London and Bills of Mortality 1 in 26 ½ In all 20000. 1 in 24.1 In all 22000. The Cities and Market Towns 1 in 28 ½ In all 30600. 1 in 30.4 In all 28600. The Villages and Hamlets 1 in 29.4 In all 139400. 1 in 34.4 In all 119400.  1 in 28.95  190000. 1 in 32.35  170000. Place this Scheme p. 20. There are 71 or 72 Marriages in the Country producing 343 Children 78 Marriages in Towns producing 351 Children 94 Marriages in London producing 376 Children Whereby it follows First That tho' each Marriage in London produces fewer People than in the Country yet London in general having a greater Proportion of Breeders is more prolifick than the other great Towns and the great Towns are more prolifick than the Country Secondly That if the People of London of all Ages were as long liv'd as those in the Country London would increase in People much faster pro rato than the Country Thirdly That the Reasons why each Marriage in London produces fewer Children than the Country Marriages seem to be First From the more frequent Fornications and Adulteries Secondly From a greater Luxury and Intemperance Thirdly From a greater Intensness on Business Fourthly From the unhealthfulness of the Coal Smoak Fifthly From a greater Inequality of Age between the Husbands and Wives Sixthly From the Husbands and Wives not living so long as in the Country He farther observes Accompting the People to be 5,500,000 That the said five Millions and a half including the Transitory People and Vagrants appear by the Assessments on Marriages Births and Burials to bear the following Proportions in relation to Males and Females and other Distinctions of the People viz. Vide Scheme B. So that the Number of Communicants is in all 3,260,000 Souls And the Number of Fighting Men between 16 and 60 is 1,308,000 That the Batchelors are about 28 per Cent. of the whole Whereof those under 25 Years are 25 ½ per Cent. And those above 25 Years are 2 ½ per Cent. That the Maidens are about 28 ½ per Cent. of the whole Scheme B.  Males  Females Males Females Both. In London and Bills of Mortality 10 to 13. 230,000 300,000 530,000 In the other Cities and Market Towns 8 to 9. 410,000 460,000 870,000 In the Villages and Hamlets 100 to 99. 2,060,000 2,040,000 4,100,000  27 to 28. 2,700,000 2,800,000 5,500,000 That as to other Distinctions they appear by the said Assessments to bear these Proportions   People Males Females Husbands and Wives at above 34 ½ per Cent. 1,900,000 950,000 950,000 Widowers at above 1 ½ per Cent. 90,000 90,000 Widows at about 4 ½ per Cent. 240,000  240,000 Children at above 45 per Cent. 2,500,000 1,300,000 1,200,000 Servants at about 10 ½ per Cent. 560,000 260,000 300,000 Sojourners and single Persons 4 per Cent. 210,000 100,000 110,000 100 5,500,000 2,700,000 2,800,000 And that the different Proportions in each of the said Articles between London the Great Towns and the Villages may the better appear he has form'd the following Scheme  London
And that from Oleron at from 2 l. 10 s. to 2 l. 15. per Tun. But now the very Duty for forty Bushels of Oleron Salt amounts to 13 l. 6. s. 8. d. besides the 25 per Cent. ad valorem of which formerly the prime Cost came to but 2 l. 15 s. at highest The Duty likewise upon forty Bushels of Lisbon Salt comes to 13 l. 6 s. 8 d. of which the prime Cost was formerly at highest but 3 l. 10 s. And as to our Newcastle and Limington Salt which is now generally made use of in Salting Beef and Pork for Trading Vessels the very Duty for forty Bushels amounts to 6 l. 13 s. 4 d. of which before the War the prime Cost came but to 3 l. at the dearest Market Insomuch that we are credibly inform'd a Merchant can store himself in Ireland for a long Voyage with Salt Beef and Pork ready pack'd up almost as cheap as he can buy the Salt in England So that for long Voyages the Merchant will either Victual in Ireland or Salt his Beef and Pork on some Foreign Coast as he Sails along where Provisions shall be cheap which must bring a great Damage to the Landed Interest here or if he does not do so Victualling will be so expensive to him as to make Freight much dearer than it ought to be in a Country that expects to thrive by Trade The Consequence of all which will be That the Body of our Merchants must lie under a general Discouragement They will neglect looking after National Gain which English Merchants have perhaps heretofore as much consider'd in their Dealings as any Trading Men in the whole Commercial World They will have an Eye to nothing but their own temporary Profit and fuffer Strangers to go away with those Gains which England was wont to make by Freight from whence it will follow That we must decay in our Stock of Shipping and decrease every Year in the breed of Seamen and when this happens we must no more pretend to such a Naval Strength as has hitherto made us terrible to all our Neighbours Trade without doubt is in its nature a pernicious thing it brings in that Wealth which introduces Luxury it gives a rise to Fraud and Avarice and extinguishes Virtue and Simplicity of Manners it depraves a People and makes way for that Corruption which never fails to end in Slavery Foreign or Domestick Licurgus in the most perfect Model of Government that was ever fram'd did banish it from his Common-wealth But the Posture and Condition of other Countries consider'd 't is become with us a necessary Evil. We shall be continually expos'd to Insults and Invasions without such a Naval Force as is not to be had naturally but where there is an extended Traffick However if Trade cannot be made subservient to the Nation 's Safety it ought to be no more encourag'd here than it was in Sparta And it can never tend to make us safe unless it be so managed as to make us increase in Shipping and in the Breed of Seamen Freight is not only the most Politick but the most National and most certain Profit a Country can possibly make by Trade Therefore all Duties must be pernicious that burthen it and make it dear And we have dwelt the longer upon this Article of the Salt Duty because it seems to have more dangerous Consequences in relation to our Commerce abroad than all the other Impositions put together The late Tax upon Coals is a heavy Burthen on all Handicrafts working on Iron a Manufacture in which we are now come to a great Perfection And the Skill and Neatness of our Work-men is such in Locks Keys Hindges and other Curiosities of this kind that our Exportations of these Commodities may in time grow very considerable if this new Duty does not interrupt their Industry We have shown in several Instances how the Excises lately set a foot may affect us in the general Ballance of Trade And we have done it with a design of making it appear how much it is for the Common Good to endeavour to get out of those Debts for which these Revenues are the Security and Fund Mr. King in a Scheme of his of the Yearly Increase and Decrease of the Actual Stock of England from the Year 1600. to 1698. and what it may probably amount to by the Year 1710. if the present Peace continue and none of those Accidents of Plague War Fires and Civil Discords intervene which more or less do certainly diminish or hinder the Increase of the Nations Wealth whenever they happen computes That Anno 1600. the said Actual Stock was but about 25 Millions making a Yearly Increase of about 4 or 500,000 l. That Anno 1630. it was about 37 Millions making a Yearly Increase of about one Million That in 1664. the Year before the last great Plague it was about 64 Millions making a Yearly Increase of about 1,200,000 l. And that Anno 1668. it was about 86 Millions making a Yearly Increase of 2,400,000 l. And Concludes First That the last Plague the Fire of London and the Dutch War did actually diminish the said Stock at least 9 or 10 Millions and hindred the Increase of 18 or 20 Millions more Secondly That the last War with France with the other Circumstances of the Revolution and the Recoyning the Mony has actually diminish'd the said Stock about 12 Millions and hindred the Increase of about 28 Millions besides Thirdly That the Nation will not arrive to the same Degree of Actual Stock which it had Anno 1688. till about the Year 1705. nor make an Increase of 2,400,000 l. per Annum as it did in 1688. till about the Year 1706. nor then neither unless the Taxes be considerably diminish'd that thereby our Navigation and Commerce may be fully restored to what it was before the late War We do not pretend to give any Accompt of the present Posture of our Foreign Trade nor how it stood during all the last War for it would be launching into a very wide Sea but without doubt the Immense Sums that have been rais'd every Year and the variety of new Duties that have been lately levied are a heavy Burthen upon it And in order to give some little Light into this Matter and to show how the Ballance has been and may be thereby affected we shall briefly State what Mony has been Anually granted since the War  l. s. d. For Anno 1689. Granted for the War and to pay 60,000 l. to King Charles's Servants and to pay 600,000 l. to the Dutch in all that Year 1,844,786 16 04 For Anno 1690. Granted for the War 2,535,452 01 02 For Anno 1691. Granted for the War and for building Ships 4,794,861 07 00 3 4 For Anno 1692. Granted besides what was paid out of the Revenue of the Crown towards the War 3,337,268 08 09 â 4 Carry over 12,512,368 13 04  l. s. d. Brought over 12,512,368 13 04