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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A60278	Sin dismantled, shewing the loathsomnesse thereof, in laying it open by confession; with the remedy for it by repentance & conversion Wherein is set forth the manner how we ought to confess our sins to God and man, with the consiliary decrees from the authority thereof, and for the shewing the necessity of priestly absolution, the removing the disesteem the vulgar have of absolution, setting forth the power of ministers. With an historical relation of the canons concerning confession, and the secret manner of it; also shewing the confessors affections and inclinations. By a late reverend, learned and judicious Divine.	Late reverend, learned and judicious Divine.	1664 (1664)	Wing S3850; ESTC R221495	353,931	367

A man that shall survey the Acts of Parliament under that Prince shall find that they were truly under him who melted the courage of both those Houses as wax making them capable of any impression Unde domi terribilis foras tyranaicus hiberetur Camb. ibid. and his Will a Law But of him and his memory enough as also of such Laws and Constitutions which have to my observation been enacted in this point of Confession and of what force they are at this present it were much to be wished the Reverend of that profession would determin Sundry Princes of England that used confession I will add hereunto such inctances as have obviously occurred unto me of those Princes that have worn the Diadem of this Kingdome and yet not abhorred from this exercise of Piety but have confessed their sins unto Spiritual Fathers and Pastors in hope of absolution I. King Edred reigned 10. years died A. D. 955. the first is King Edred who ended his reign and life in the year of the Worlds redemption DCCCCLV of whom Florentius Wigorniensis writeth thus The glorious King of England Edred fell sick in the tenth year of his reign and despairing of recovery sent away with all speed for holy Dunstan the Abbot Qui missa celeri legatione confessionum suarum Patrem Beatum Dunstanum scil Abbatem accersivit and Father of his confessions who in all haste resorted to the Court Vox desuper clarè sonuit Rex Edredus nunc in pace quiescit Florent Wigorn. ad ann 955. pag. 353 354. and having come half his journey a voice from heaven sounded cleer in his ears King Edred resteth now in peace At which voice the horse whereon he sate not able to bear the burden sunk under him to the ground without any harm unto him upon the back The Kings body was brought to Winchester II. William Conqueror Resumpto animo quae christiani sunt executus est in confessione viatico Malmsb. de Will. 1. pag. 63. col 2. Lon. and there by Abbot Dunstan decently interred By which it seemeth Dunstan was the Kings Ghostly Father though he came too late to take his Confession The second Prince is William the Conqueror whose sickness increasing at Roan and the Physicians upon inspection of his Urine had judged his death to be at hand upon the hearing whereof saith William of Malmesbury he filled the room with lamentation that death had prevented him long bethinking how to amend his life But pulling up his spirits he did the duty of a Christian in confessing and receiving the blessed Sacrament The third is Margaret the Queen of Scots III. Margaret Q. of Scots but extracted of the * Sister to Edgar Ethling Presbyteris ad se accersitis eisque peccata sua consessa oleo se perungi coelestique viatico muniri secit Rog. Hoved. Pars prior Annal pag. 266. Edit Lond. A. D. 1093. English bloud having heard the fatal news of the death of King Malcolme her husband and Prince Edward her son slain by the English as they were invading the Marches of Northumberland she took it so much to heart saith Roger Hovedon as suddenly she fell into a great infirmity and without delay having sent for her Priests she went into the Church and there made confession of her sins unto them caused herself to be anointed and to be housled by receiving the Sacrament beseeching the Lord with fervent and daily prayers that he would not permit her any longer to live in this sorrowful life and her prayer was heard for the third day after the slaughter of her husband being dissolved from the bonds of flesh as is believed to the joys of eternal salvation This sad accident fell out in the year of Grace MXCIII and the VI. year of William Rufus The next is William Rufus IV. William Rufus A. D. 1102. who came to an unfortunate end by the glance of an arrow whether aimed at him or no is uncertain or whether he stumbled upon the same but by the wound thereof he took his death as he was hunting in the New Forest called YTENE 2d day of August In Nova Forresta quae linguâ Anglorum Ytene nuncupatur à quodam Franco Waltero Tyrello sagittâ incautè directâ percussus vit● finivit 4. Non. Augusti fer 5. indict 8. Florent Vigorn Chron. p. 469 470. and in the XIII year of his Reign which sudden accident was the more lamentable as preventing his repentance and confession and other comforts his soul might have found if sickness had given him notice of his approching end The want whereof Eadmer a grave Historian thus lamenteth Vpon the second day of August he fetched his last breath Secunda dies Augusti vidit eum expirantem siquidem illa die mane pransus in sylvam venatum ivit ibique sagittâ in corde percussus impoenitens inconfessus è vestigio mortuus est omni homine mox derelictus Eadmer h●st Nov. l. 2. p. 54. for upon that day breaking his fast he came into the Forest to hunt and there was wounded with an arrow and forthwith died impenitent and unconfessed and was immediately abandoned of all men The want of Confession had not been worth the noting if the use thereof at the last close had not been generally received To him succeeded his Brother Henry I. a moderate and as those times afforded a learned Prince V. Henry I. Beauclerk who after he had swayed the Scepter full XXXV years and odd moneths then being in Normandy sickned of that disease whereof he died And perceiving his own weakness sent for Hugh whom he had constituted his first Abbot at Reading where he founded a goodly Abby and there lieth interred and after advanced him to the Metropolitical See at Roan which Arch-Bishop in an Epistle to Pope Innocent relateth the pious end of that Prince thus Prout ei dicebamus ipse ore proprio sua confitebatur peccata manu propria pectus suum percutiebat malam voluatatem dimittebat pro nostro officio tertio cum per triduum absolvimus Crucem Domini adoravit corpus sanguinem Domini devotè suscepit Elecmosynam suam disposuit ipsius piâ petitione oleo sancto eum inunximus sic in pace quievit Hugo Rothmag Epist ad Innocent 3. extat apud Malmesb. hist Novell l. 1. p. 100. col 2. London He being surprised with a grievous sickness dispatched a Post to us with all haste to come unto him we came and abode with him being full of pain for three dayes and as we advised him he confessed with his own mouth his sins and with his own hand beat his breast and put away his ev●●l mind Through Gods counsel and ours and other Bishops he promised to observe and amend his life and by reason of our office we thrice in three dayes space absolved him He reverenced the Lords Cross devoutly received the

operire tegere d●licta superiora ut non ci imputctur peccatum ergo tegamus l●psus nostros posterieribus factis Amb. l. 2. de Poen c. 5. saith Saint Ambrose ought not onely to wash away his sins with tears but amends being made to cover and hide his former defects that his offences may not be imputed unto him Satisfactio duplex 1. Propitiatoria pro nostris totius mundi peccatis Christus est 2. Quam Ecclesia exig●t à peccatoribus vindicta ●st quam ex praescripto sacerdotis velut spiritu●l●s Medici de nobis sumere debemus comm ssis peccatis contraria sacientes Grop de Sacram. Poenit. p. 107. Edit Antw. 1556. let us therefore cover our former faults with good deeds following Sound is that distinction of Groperus 1. there is a propitiatory satisfaction which is Christ Jesus for our sins and the sins of the whole world 2. and there is another which the Church requireth of sinners a Revenge which according to the prescriptions of the Priest our spiritual Physician we ought to take of our selves by performance of holy actions diametrically opposite to the former iniquities whereby the sinner is humbled God is pleased and the Church satisfied and the dregs of sins by the contrary acts of virtue defecated and cleansed Thus much for Theodorus Egbert was the next who made Ordinances on this behalf Anno Dom. 740. Egbert A man who by his birth as Brother to a (b) Egbert King of Northumberland King and by his office an (c) At York Arch-Bishop might well be sufficiently authorized for such proceedings A Penitential was by him prescribed highly esteemed and carefully preserved amongst the huge devastations of Religious houses and Libraries although time had like to have deprived him of the honour of such a work Opus poenitentiale in magno olim fuisse precio post veterum MSS. Codicum insignē cladem quae Coenobiorum subsequuta est cataclysim supersunt hodie diversa exemplaria splendidè quidem antiquissimè exarata Spelman Concil pag. 275. and given it to one whose learning and piety might render him suspicious thereof for placed it is at the end of Venerable Bedes works under this Title Canones ad remedia Peccatorum are antidotes for sinful and sorrowful Patients and the Priest as Ghostly Physician is taught well and seriously to advise upon the sex age condition state and person of each penitent Sacerdos Christi sexum aetatem conditionem statum personam cujusque poenitentiam agere volentis ipsum quoque cor poenitentis curiosè discernat nè post stultum Medicum vulnera animarum fiant pejora to distinguish exactly of several maladies to enquire all he may into the heart and inward man and accordingly to administer lest in case he proceed confusedly the wounds in the soul by the Physicians folly prove more dangerous for prevention whereof Non omnibus unâ câd●mque librâ pensandum est there followeth a catalogue of sins and of such penances as concern the same holding an equal analogie between the malady and the medicine the sin and the sorrow A●d all this not to expiate or satisfie for what hath passed but to exclude and prevent what may follow non pro remissione peccatorum sed pro remedio Poenitentibus atque lugentibus vera medicamenta salutis not for the remission of si● but for remedy against sin for so much they are intituled Exc●rpta Patrum remedia animarum Receipts of the Father● for th● souls preservative All which sowre and sharp potions prescribed by the Ancients serve not to justifie but sanctifie real converts For the not imputing the remitting and covering of sin appertain to the righteousness of faith Whereof cordial sorrow fasting and chastising of the body Psal 32.1 almesdeeds c. are the fruits of a good life and evidence of justifying faith Place then such exercises of piety under sanctification and no incroachment will be upon the solemn Sacrifice of our Redemption The like construction charity may put upon all the subsequent testimonies These Canons were decreed about the year of grace 740. at which time Egbert possessed the Chair at York and for that cause could not be published by Bede dead four years before as Florentius Wigorniensis Beda in magna devotione tranquillitate ultimum è corpore spiritum efflavit Flor. Wigorn. ann Dom. 735. Chron. pag. 271. Lond. an 1592. Fasti Regum Episcoporum Angliae ad finem Rerum Anglic. Scriptor Lond. à Dom. H. Savilio editi and the Savilian Fasti testifie A Council celebrated at Calchurch situated as Hollingshed will have it in the Mediterranean Kingdome of this Island King Offa then reigning in the year of our Lord 787. where a Roman Legat presided and where were assembled the Arch-BB and BB. of both Provinces Gregorius Ostiens Episcopus Praesidens ponit Author Antiq. Britan. Ecclesiae in Northumbria Hollenshedus verò rectiùs in regno Merciorum insomuch that the Noble Collector styles it Concilium Legatinum Pan-Anglicum A Convocation of all England Si quis autem quod absit sine poenitentia confessione de hac luce discessit pro eo minimè orandum est where amongst other Chapters and Constitutions there is one De conversione poenitentia confessione and for Confession thus If any person which God forbid depart this life without repentance and confession that man is not to be prayed for and not to pray for the Dead was in that age held as uncharitable as with us to pray for the living is esteemed charitable And that Confession there mentioned is the same made unto the Priest the words immediately before specifie where we read According to the judgment of the Priest Juxta judicium Sacerdotum modum causae Eucharistiam sumite fructus dignos poenitentiae sacite and nature of the offence receive the Eucharist and bring forth fruit meet for repentance Inter Concilia Orbis Britan. c. operâ scrutinio V. C. Henrici Spelman Equ Aurati edita Lond. A. D. 1639. King Athelstane who began his reign over all England by him reduced to a Monarchy A. D. 924. King Athelstane and Crowned at Kingston by Athelmus Arch-Bishop of Canturbury in the year of grace 924. amongst his and other laws of the Saxon Princes collected by Mr Lambard this is fifth that was enacted by him If any being condemned desire to confess himself unto the Priest that all do earnestly and diligently promote all the Laws of God c. I have not seen the law in Lambard himself the Treatise being in few mens hands where I suppose it is more at large but rather as it is pointed unto Book 16. pag. 1360. and the title rehearsed by Doctor Bridges in his defence of the Government c. Afterwards King Alured wearing the Diadem of this land amongst the Ecclesiastical laws by him ordained and ratified

College 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pag. 607. De loco● tempore quibus tribuenda sunt haec capitula nihil ●dfero H. S. as the same worthy person affirmeth though be can give no certain account when they were established The next Item for Confession is contained amongst the laws of King Canutus A. D. 1020. K. Canutus Canut regnare coepit an sal hum 1016. Canut regnare desiit an sal hum 1035. Guil Lambard 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fo 9● who began his reign A. D. 1016. and died 1035. as Mr Lambard writeth or one year later according to the Savilian Fasti Anno 1017. R●x Canutus totius Angliae suscepit imperium Flor. Chron. p. 319. Or as Fabian will have it he began his reign A. D. M. XIX Cnat Rex cùm viginti annos regnass●t vivere destitit apud Scaftesbirch Hen. Hunt p. 208. 2. or two years sooner according to Florentius Wigorniensis and reigned XX years in great power and justice He died at Shaftsbury and lieth buried in the old Monastery at Winchester Amongst the Laws of this King Canutus or Knute or rather of King Edgars Laws by him confirmed and to be observed by all the Engl●sh and Danes his subj●cts these are found 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 §. 23. We advise that for all mo●tall sins comm●tted th●ough diabolicat suggestion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Prostat etiam apud D. H. Spelman pag. 550. the counsel of the Ghostly Father be diligently obse●ved Another provision there is also made for guilty persons adjudged to die Let liberty be granted to them to confess their sins to the P●iest 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lamb. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fo ●14 2 §. 41. Si quis rei capitalis damnatus confessionem anxiè cupiverit nemo illum unquam arceat they much desiring the same and a pecuniary mulct imposed on such as shall cross or hinder them the opportunity Si quis Latro aut alius condemnatus ad mort●m quaerit confessionem nullo modo ei denegetur Quod si quis fecerit Regi emendet aut se purget If a thief or any other person condemned unto death desire to confess and shrive himself by no means let it be denied him which whosoever shall hinder let him make satisfaction to the King Qui fornicatus fuerit cum alia foemina vel quod pejus est cum alia conjugata faciat Poenitentiam secundum librum poenitentialem or purge himself Again He that shall commit fornication with a woman or which is worse with a married wife A Pascha usque ad Pentecosten nullus jejunet nisi sit praeceptum pro publica poenitentia R. Cnuti Leges MS. let him do penance according to the Penitential book Again from Easter unto Whitsontide let no man fast except it be inj●yned him for publick penance wherein is mentioned publick penance and the Penitential Book no question the same with Theodore's a great argument that if publick confession sure publick penance was not then discontinued Yea so precious in their eyes was this Christian practice that with the Ancient English no religious or solemn act was undertaken except the parties were auspicated and dedicated by confession Ingulphus relateth of one Heward a Saxon Lord groning under the bleeding tyrannie of the Norman Conquest for redress whereof having raised some forces and to gain the more power over them he repaired to a religious man one Brandon then Abbot of Bury Se fieri legitimum Militem praemissâ primitùs omnium peccatorum conf●ssione corum perceptâ absolutione supplicavit and desired at his hands to be admitted Knight first premising confession of all his sins Anglorum erat consuctudo quòd qui Militiae legitimè consecrandus esset vespere praecedente diem consecrationis suae ad Episcopum vel Abbatem vel Monachum vel Sacerdotem aliquem contritus compunctus de omaibus suis peccatis confessionem saceret absolutus orationibus devotionibus afflictionibus d●ditus ia Ecclesia pernoctaret in crastino quoque missam auditurus gladium superaltare osserret post Ev●ngelium Sacerdos benedictum gladium collo militis cum benedictione imponeret communicatus ad eandē missam sacris Christi mysteriis denuò Miles permaneret Ingulph Hist p. 512. 2. Lond. and thereof procuring absolution And to boot the same Historian tells us what the custome in England then was in conferring that Military honour of Knighthood The Candidate upon the eve before the day of that solemnity was with much compunction to make confession before the Bishop Abbot or Priest of all his sins and receiving absolution to watch all night in the Church at his prayers On the morn to resort to Mass there to offer his sword upon the Altar which after the Gospel said the Priest was to hallow and to put the same upon the Knights neck with a blessing where he was to communicate the sacred Mysteries of Christ and thence to remain lawfully Knighted Many years after in a Synod held at Westminster against the prohibition of the then chief Justice of England by Hubert Arch Bishop of Canturbury A. D. MCCI. and in the third year of King John amongst other constitutions then composed there is one that bears the title De Poenitentia wherein Priests that hear confessions are thus injoyned Praecipimus ut Sacerdotes in poenitentia diligenter attendant circumstantias qualitatem sc Personae quantitatem delicti tempus locum causam moram in peccato fact●m devotionem animi poenitentis ut poenitentia talis injungatur uxori unde non reddatur marito suo suspecta de aliquo occulto enormi peccato Id●m de Marito conservetur Nullus ettam Sacerdos post lapsum antequ●m confitcatur ad altare praesumat accedere celebraturus Id adjicimus ad Sacerdo●um cupiditatem resecandam ut Missae non injungantur his in poenitentia qui non fue●iat Sacerdot●s Roger. Hoveden annal pars poster p. 458. We command that Priests in penance diligently weigh the circumstances viz. the condition of the person and of the offence the time place cause and continuance in the sin and devout mind of the penitent th●t no such penance be injoyned upon the husband or wife as to raise a suspicion of the offence to either party That no Priest after his fall into sin presume to celebrate at the Altar before he make his confession And to cut off all occasion of covetousness in Priests we add that no penitents shall be injoyned to provide Masses to be said excepting Priests onely Stephan Langton A. D. 1●05 Stephan Langton the same that was obtruded upon King John and put into the chair at Canturbury by the Pope against the will of his Soveraign Lord ordained in a Council at Oxford Ann. M. CCV Linwood De officio vicarii l. 1. c. statuimus lib. 5. de poen remiss c. Quoniam That Bishops

in their own persons should sometimes receive confessions and injoyn penances and therein were provided discreet persons to take the confessions of the Clergy In whose quarrel the Pope thundred out his interdict against the Church and State Insomuch saith Fabian that the Chu●ches and houses of Religion were closed that no where was used Mass or Divine Service nor any of the VII Sacraments nor child christened nor man confessed Rob. Fabians Chron. King John an RR. 10. an Dom. 1209. nor married except in such places which had purchased licences and special Bulls But Caxton is more large in discovering this mysterie of iniquity then of great strength where the * Pandolphus Legat is brought in telling the King what the cause was For the wrongs that ye have done to the holy Chyrche and to the Clarge and the extent thereof We assoyle clean Erls Barons Caxton part 7. of K. John Knights and all other men of their homages servis and feautes that they should unto yow done and we assoyl them all by the authorite of the Pope and commaund theim also with yow for to fight as with him that is enemy to all holy chyrche Tho answered the King what may yow do more to me Tho answered Pandolph we sayen to yow in (a) In the word of the Pope he should say the word of God that ye ne none heir that yow have never after this day be crowned The King for all this cursing waxed not pliable to the Popes will whereupon The Pope tho sent to the King of France in remission of his sins that he should take with him all the power that he might and wend into Englond for to destru King John the tydeings wherof put him into such a fright tho saith mine Author the King put him to the Court of Rome and to the Pope and tho yaf he up the Realm of Englond for him and his heires for evermore and tho took the King the Crown off his head and set it on his kneys and thiefe word●s said he in hearing of all the great Lordis of Englond her I resign up the Crown and the Ream of Englond into the Popis Innocent hands the third and put me holy in his merci and in his ordenance Tho (b) Received underf●nge Pandolph the Crown of King John and keepid it V. dayes I have inserted this story as not altogether impertinent making good the abused power of the keys at Rome to the disinherison of a supreme Monarch and independent and the disfranchise of a free State wherein the pride of the Pope or dejection of the Prince I know not what may be more admired Not long after followed Edmund de Abington A. D. 1234. Edmund de Abington Arch-Bishop of Canturbury in the year of grace MCCXXXIV who made a constitution for women with childe and near their time that in respect of the approaching danger they should confess unto their Priest Quod propter imminens periculum confiteantur Sacerdoti Lindw l. 5. de Poen Remiss c. in confess In his dayes there entred this Kingdom a Legat from Rome called Otho sent from Gregory IX Otho who exacted much upon the Clergy Edmundus Cantuariensis Archiepiscopus Legati Romani frequentes exactiones quibus sacerdotes divexabantur liberè reprehendit Pol. Virg. l. 6. histor Ang. p. 300. emunging and squeesing their purses so far forth that Arch-Bishop Edmund afterwards Saint freely and sharply reprehended the polling Legat Ut viri prudentes fideles constituantur per Episcopum Confessores quibus Personae minores Clerici confiteri valeant qui Decanis confiteri crubescunt forsan verentur In Ecclesiis verò Cathedralibus Confessores institui praecipimus generales Constit Othonis Rubr. de Confess Praelatorum By whose Legantine power it was decreed That certain discreet and faithful men should be appointed by the Bishop of the Diocess throughout every Deanry to receive the Confessions of Parsons and other Clergie-men of an inferiour order who might be afraid peradventure and ashamed to confess unto their Deans He ordained also general Penitentiaries in Cathedral Churches And not long after him there arrived another Legat armed with the same power named Octobon Octobon and he in a Synod at Northampton made laws also * Ab Urbano missus anno Dom. 1262. Pol. Virg. hist Ang. l. 14. p. 257. Polydore tells us that he was sent from Pope Vrban but he himself that he * De manu sanctissimi Patris Domini Clementis Prohem ad constir Octoboni came from Pope Clement his comming then could not be in the year of our Lord MCCLXII as Polydore placeth it Obiit Perusii Non. Octob. an Dom. 1264. Onuphrii Chron. ad finem Plat. Creatus absens Perusiae per compromissum praesentibus 20. Cardinalibus Non. Febr. erat enim Legatus in Anglia Onuphrius ib. nor in the 45th year RR. Henrici 3 for Vrban the IV. died not till the year MCCLXIV and Clemens who came next after succeeded in the Papacy An. 1264 5 elected at Perusa upon the Nones of February or the fifth day of that moneth being at that time absent thence and here in England a Metachronisme of three years in Polydore and I could wish that were the worse mistake in his elegant history Now amongst the Constitutions of this Legat to be observed by the Clergy and Laity there is no mention of Confession but for the third order the Religious Votaries of that age who like Meteors shone above in those dayes in the middle region of the air and oftimes went out with as foul a stink as some Meteors do for them it was ordained * Requirant saltem semel in mense Confessores Fratribus deputatos ut sic illos qui non frequenter confitentur graviter arguant ad confitendum inducant Constit Octob. Rubric ut Monachi frequenter confiteantur frequenter celebrent That Abbots Priers and superiours in their absence should procure Penitentiaries or Confessors once a moneth for their Friers and to rebuke sharply such as frequented not Confession and to induce them to the same It seems the Religious came but slowly on to shrift in those dayes and what may we then think of the Laity The same Edmund who moderated the Church of Canturbury in the time of that first Legat Otho A. D. 1240. made a Constitution concerning the behaviour and deportment of the Confesseur or Ghostly Father In confiessione audienda h●beat Sacerdos vultum humilem oculos ad terram dimissos nec faciem respiciat Confitentis maximè Multeris patienter audiat quicquid dixerit in spiritu lenitatis supportet eam ei pro posse suadeat pluribus modis ut integrè confiteatur Peccata inquirot usitata inusitata autem non nisi à longe per circumstantias expertis detur modus confitendi inexpertis non detur occasio