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A71305	Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.	Purchas, Samuel, 1577?-1626.	1625 (1625)	STC 20509_pt3; ESTC S111862	2,393,864	1,207

speedily to succour and defend the faithfull For we know for certayne that about the Octaues of Easter the Tartarian Nation will inuade cruelly and forcibly the Lands of the Bohemians and if not preuented will there perpetrate vnheard-of slaughter And because our next neighbours house is now on fire and the next Countrey ●ieth open to waste and some are alreadie wasted we earnestly and pitifully entreat the ayde and counsell of God and of our neighbour-brethren for the vniuersall Church And because delay is full of danger with all our hearts we beseech you that you make all possible speed to arme as well for your as our deliuerance making strong preparations of store of Souldiers diligently exciting the noble mightie and couragious with the people subiect to them that yee may haue them in readinesse when we shall next direct our Messengers to you And we by the ministerie of our Prelates Preachers and Minors cause the Crosse because the businesse belongs to him which was crucified to be generally preached fast● and prayers to be appointed and our Lands in common to be called to the warre of Iesus Christ. Hereto wee adde that a great part of that detestable Nation with an other Armie adioyned to them wasteth Hungaria with vnheard-of tyrannie insomuch that the King is said to haue retayned but a small part to himselfe And to speake much in few words the Church and People of the North is so oppressed and brought to such Straits as it neuer was so scourged since the World began Dated the yeere of grace 1241. on the day on which is sung Laetare Ierusalem And this was the Letters sent to the Bishop of Paris by the Duke of Brabant The like was written by the Arch-bishop of Cullen to the King of England Therefore for this grieuous tribulation and for the discord betwixt the Pope and the Emperour so hurtfull to the Church there are appointed fasts and prayers with larger Almes in diuers Regions that our Lord being pacified with his people who as a magnificent triumpher is as strong in a few as in many may destroy the pride of the Tartars The French Kings mother Queene Blanch with deepe sighs and plentifull teares spake hereof to her sonne What shall we doe my dearest sonne about this lamentable euent the terrible rumour whereof is comne to our Confines generall destruction of vs all and of holy Church hangs ouer our times by the impetuous inuasion of the Tartars The King with mournfull voice not without the Spirit of God answered The heauenly comfort Mother exalt vs and if they come on vs either we shall send againe those Tartarians to their Tartarean places whence they came or they shall exalt vs to Heauen THe Emperour certified hereof wrote to the Princes and especially to the King of England in this forme Frederike Emperour c. to the King of England greeting Wee cannot conceale though it somwhat lately came to our eares but giue you notice of a thing which concerneth the Roman Empire as prepared to the preaching of the Gospell all zealous Christian Kingdom● in the World threatning generall destruction to all Christendom A barbarous Nation hath lately come from the Southerne Region which had long layne hid vnder the torrid Zone and after towards the North by force possessing Regions long remayning is multiplied as the Canker worme called Tartars wee know not of what place or originall not without the fore-seene iudgement of God is reserued to these last times to the correction and chastisement of his people God grant not losse of all Christendom A publike destruction hath therefore followed the common desolation of Kingdomes and spoile of the fertile Land which that wicked people hath passed thorow not sparing sexe age or dignitie hoping to extinguish the rest of mankind whiles it alone goeth about to domineere and reigne euery where by their immense and incomparable power and number Now all things which they haue beene able to set eye on being put to death and spoyle leauing vniuersall desolation behind them these Tartarians yea Tartareans when they had come to the well peopled Colonie of the Cumani prodigall of their liues hauing Bowes their most familiar Armes with Darts and Arrowes which they continually vse and are stronger in the armes then other men they vtterly ouerthrew them and with bloudy sword killed all which escaped not by flight Whose neighbourhood scarcely warned the Rutheni not farre distant to take heed to themselues For they suddenly flie thither to prey and spoile as the wrath of God and lightning hurles it selfe and by their sudden assault and barbarous inuasion take Cleua the chiefe Citie of the Kingdome and all that noble Kingdome was wasted to desolation the Inhabitants being slayne Which yet the neighbouring Kingdome of the Hungarians who should haue taken warning neglected whose sluggish King too secure being required by the Tartars messengers and letters that if he desired that he and his should liue he should hasten their fauour by yeelding himselfe and his Kingdom yet was not hereby terrified and taught to fortify against their irruptions but they ignorant or insolent contemners of their enemies secure in their enemies approach trusting in the natiue fortification of the place vnexpectedly compassed and oppressed at vnawares by them entring like a whirlewind opposed their Tents against them And when the Tartars Tents were fiue miles from the Hungarian the Tartarian fore-runners in the dawning of the morning rushed suddenly and compassed the Hungarians and first slaying the Prelates and chiefe men killed an infinite number with such vnheard-of slaughter as scarcely is recorded euer to haue hapned in one battell The King hardly escaped by flight on a swift Horse which fled with a small companie to the brotherly portion of the Hyllirian Kingdome there to be protected the Enemie possessing the Tents and spoyles And now wasting the nobler and greater part of Hungarie beyond Danubius consuming all with fire and sword they threaten to conf●und the rest as by the venerable Bishop V●tien●is the Anbassadour of the said Hungarian King not●ce is giuen to our Court first as he passed being destined to the Roman Court Wee are also hereof fully certified by the Letters of our deare sonne Conrade elect King of Romans alway Augustus and heire of the Kingdome of Ierusalem and of the King of Bohemia the Dukes of Austria and Bauaria by the Messengers words also instructed experimentally of the Enemies neerenesse Nor could wee learne these things without great griefe Truly as the report goeth their vndetermined damnable Armie by our Lords sufferance hath proceeded diuided purposely in three parts For one being sent by the Pructeni and entring Poland the Prince and Duke of that Land were slayne by them and after that all the Region spoyled The second hath entred the bounds of Bohemia and being entred hath made stay the King manly opposing himselfe The third hath runne thorow Hungaria bounded by Austria

demeanour like to bru●t beasts whom the King kept a long time after Two yeeres after I saw two of them at Westminster apparelled like English c. Master Robert Thorne writes that his Father and Master Hugh Eliot a Merchant of Bristoll were the first discouerers of New-found Land and if the Mariners would haue beene ruled and followed their Pilots minde the West Indies had beene ours so that it seemeth this Discouerie was before that of Columbus Master Hakluyt hath published the particulars of these things more fully as also diuers Treatises touching the North-west of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and others to which I referre the Reader and no lesse for the Voyages made by diuers English into those parts three by Sir Martin Frobisher in the yeeres 1576 77 and 78. Two of Captaine Iohn Dauies in 86 and 87. that of Master Hore An. 1536. that of Sir Humphrey Gilbert 1583. that of Master Charles Leigh to Ramea An. 1597. and before in 1593. that of George Drake with those of Iaques Cartier and diuers others My purpose is not to steale Master Hakluyts labours out of the World by culling and fleecing them for our purpose but by this Index to instruct men where they may haue festiuall store in this kinde I had rather giue you new things Such are to the World these that you had before in Hudsons voyages set together as also those of Greenland and such are those of Waymouth Knight Hall Baffin c. And first as Foreman of our Quest we will giue you Sir Humphrey Gilberts Letter written with his owne hand from New-found Land whereof he tooke formall possession to the Crowne of England and was as a Martyr of those Discoueries It was written to Sir George Peckham a great Aduenturer in that voyage and a greater in one of longer life his written Treatise of Westerne planting extant in Master Hakluyts third Tome and I haue here inserted it being hitherto vnprinted as a memorial of both their worths and after it though in time before wee will recreate you with a plaine Mariners Letter endorsed in homely phrase To the Honorable Kings Grace of England here as I thinke giuen you from the Originall I haue also another written to Cardinall Wolsey touching the same voyage in Latin by Albertus de Prato for the antiquitie rather then any remarkable raritie worthy here to be mentioned SIr George I departed from Plymouth on the eleuenth of Iune with fiue sailes and on the thirteenth the Barke Rawley ran from me in faire and cleere weather hauing a large winde I pray you solicite my brother Rawley to make them an example of all Knaues On the third of August wee arriued at a Port called Saint Iohns and will put to the Seas from thence God willing so soone as our ships will be ready Of the New-found Land I will say nothing vntill my next Letters Be of good cheare for if there were no better expectation it were a very rich demaynes the Country being very good and full of all sorts of victuall as fish both of the fresh water and Sea-fish Deere Pheasants Partridges Swannes and diuers Fowles else I am in haste you shall by euery Messenger heare more at large On the fifth of August I entred here in the right of the Crowne of England and haue engrauen the Armes of England diuers Spaniards Portugals and other strangers witnessing the same I can stay no longer fare you well with my good Lady and be of good cheare for I haue comforted my selfe answerable to all my hopes From Saint Iohns in the New-found Land the 8. of August 1583. Yours wholly to command no man more HVM GILBART I mentioned before Master Thornes fathers finding New-found Land with Master Eliot These animated King Henrie the eight to set forth two ships for discouerie one of which perished in the North parts of New-found Land The Master of the other Iohn Rut writ this Letter to King Henrie in bad English and worse Writing Ouer it was this superscription Master Grubes two ships departed from Plymouth the 10. day of Iune and arriued in the New-found Land in a good Harbour called Cape de Bas the 21. day of Iuly and after we had left the sight of Selle we had neuer sight of any Land till we had sight of Cape de Bas. PLeasing your Honorable Grace to heare of your seruant Iohn Rut with all his Company here in good health thanks be to God and your Graces ship The Mary of Gilford with all her thanks be to God And if it please your honorable Grace we ranne in our course to the Northward till we came into 53. degrees and there we found many great Ilands of Ice and deepe water we found no sounding and then we durst not goe no further to the Northward for feare of more Ice and then we cast about to the Southward and within foure dayes after we had one hundred and sixtie fathom and then wee came into 52. degrees and fell with the mayne Land and within ten leagues of the mayne Land we met with a great Iland of Ice and came hard by her for it was standing in deepe water and so went in with Cape de Bas a good Harbor and many small Ilands and a great fresh Riuer going vp farre into the mayne Land and the mayne Land all wildernesse and mountaines and woods and no naturall ground but all m●sse and no inhabitation nor no people in these parts and in the woods wee found footing of diuers great beasts but we saw none not in ten leagues And please your Grace the Samson and wee kept company all the way till within two dayes before wee met with all the Ilands of Ice that was the first day of Iuly at night and there rose a great and a maruailous great storme and much foule weather I trust in Almightie Iesu to heare good newes of her And please your Grace we were considering and a writing of all our order how we would wash vs and what course wee would draw and when God doe send foule weather that with the Cape de Sper shee should goe and he that came first should tarry the space of sixe weeks one for another and watered at Cape de Bas ten dayes ordering of your Graces ship and fishing and so departed toward the Southward to seeke our fellow the third day of August we entered into a good Hauen called Saint Iohn and there we found eleuen saile of Normans and one Brittaine and two Portugall Barkes and all a fishing and so we are readie to depart toward Cape de Bas and that is twentie fiue leagues as shortly as we haue fished and so along the coast till we may meete with our fellow and so with all diligence that lyes in me toward parts to that Ilands that we are commanded by the grace of God as we were commanded at our departing And thus Iesu saue and keepe your honorable Grace and all your honourable Reuer in

is the greater the Crueltie or Intemperancie that is vsed in that Countrey I will not speake of it because it is so foule and not to be named The whole Countrey ouerfloweth with all sinne of that kind And no maruell as hauing no Law to restraine Whoredomes Adulteries and like vncleannesse of life As for the truth of his word as some say the Russe neither beleeueth any thing that another man speaketh nor speaketh any thing himselfe worthy to bee beleeued These qualities make them very odious to all their Neighbours specially to the Tartars that account themselues to be honest and just in comparison of the Russe It is supposed by some that doe well consider of the State of both Countries that the offence they take at the Russe Gouernment and their manner of behauiour hath beene a great cause to keepe the Tartar still Heathenish and to mislike as he doth of the Christian profession To the Reader I Thought good here to giue an account of my course Hauing spent much time in that other World so little known to This Tartaria and China that the parts least known might be made best known I haue comne neerer home to Russia and her neighbours the neerer or Chrim Tartars the Samoyeds and others whereof Doctor Fletchers Story being so elaborate where though the centre bee Russia yet his circumference is more generall and by men iudicious which haue in those parts enioyed most honourable employment and exactest intelligence commended I haue giuen him the first place And if some terme bee mollified or some few things omitted it is not to defraud Thee of the Historie which for substance is whole as by perùsall is found but not to defraud our industrious Countrymen in their merchandizing mysterie wherein some perhaps would hence seeke occasion of vndermining For like cause I haue giuen the next place to Captaine Edge the one our gowned Generall by Land the other in his generall Historie also by Sea as deserued by his ten yeeres Voyages and his other Merits As for the question of Willoughbies Land I list not to dispute it but I thinke neither Hollander as is also confessed by the French Booke called The Historie of Spitsberghe on the Dutch behalfe nor any other haue found any such Lands as his Storie describes but some part of those which now with a generall name wee call Greenland howsoeuer the makers of Maps and Globes may create Lands and Ilands at pleasure especially in vnknowne places and the first setled ordinary and orderly Voyages for the Whale-killing and the most for discouerie in those parts haue beene made by the English their gaynes awakening the Hollander to that enterprise and that also as elsewhere in the World by English guides That which I most grieue at in this contention is the detention of further discouery to the Pole and beyond where it is not likely to be colder then here and at the Arctike circle as in the Red Sea Ormus and the Countrey about Balsara on this side the Tropike is found greater heat then vnder the Line it selfe the desire of gayne euery where causing debate and consequently losse of the best gaine both in Earth and Heauen Merchants might get the World and giue vs the World better if Charitie were their Needle Grace their Compas Heauen their Hauen and if they would take their height by obseruing the Sunne of Righteousnesse in the Scripture-astrolabe and sounding their depth by a Leading Faith and not by a Leadden bottomlesse Couetousnesse that is if they would seeke the Kingdome of Heauen first all things should bee added they should finde World enough in the Indian and Polare Worlds and wee and they should arriue at better knowledge of the Creator and Creatures And of all men that I may a little further answere that Historie of Spitsberghe I would be glad to see agreement betwixt the English and Dutch both because I honour that Nation as hath appeared in this whole worke of Voyages in which and of which the Dutch are so great a part and because in Region Religion Originall Nation ingenious and ingenuous disposition and that which here brings both on our Stage the glory of Nauigation they are so neere vs and worthie to be honored It is true that euery where the English hath beene the elder Brother a Doctor and Ductor to the Hollanders in their Martiall feats at home and Neptunian exploits abroad that I mention not their permitted wealthie fishing on the English shoare whom had they followed with as true and due respect as with happie successe quarrels had not so distracted and distorted both sides I appeale to Dutch ingenuitie if euer they did any thing wholly New but giue names in remotest Nauigations without English lights Columbus an Italian had the honour of finding America and the Spaniards the happinesse But for the North America and the whole Northern New World Cabota borne or bred at least in England was either Actor or Author For the Dutch I haue shewed for the compassing of the World and for the East Indies before that our Drake Candish Mellis Dauis Adams c. were their Fore-runners Pilots and Guides Yea their New-found Land Voyages and all the Northerne coast of America were discouered by Sebastian Cabota and other Englishmen I adde their New Straights Southwards from those of Magelane were discouered before by Drake as in the Map of Sir Francis Drakes Voyage presented to Queene Elizabeth still hanging in His Maiesties Gallerie at White Hall neere the Priuie Chamber and by that Map wherein is Cabotas Picture the first and great Columbus for the Northerne World may be seene In which Map the South of the Magelane Straits is not a Continent but many Ilands and the very same which they haue stiled in their Straits Barneuels Ilands had long before beene named by the most auspicate of Earthly Names and let themselues be Iudges with which the other is as little worthie to be mentioned as a kind Mother and an vnkind Traitor The Name Elizabeth is expressed in golden Letters with a golden Crowne Garter and Armes affixed The words ascribed thereunto are these Cum omnes ferè hanc partem A●stralem Continentem esse putent pro certo sciant Insulas esse Nauigantibus peruias earumque australissimam ELIZABETHAM à D. Francisco Draco Inuentore dictam esse The same height of 57. degrees and South-easterly situation from the Magelan Westerne Mouth giue further euidence And my learned friend Master Brigges told me that he hath seene this plot of Drakes Voyage cut in Siluer by a Dutchman Michael Mercator Nephew to Gerardus many yeeres before Scouten or Maire intended that Voyage As for Noua Zemla by Stephen Burrough and others long before discouered they also haue giuen new names which I enuie not onely I feare a vae soli and hate ingratitude both ours and theirs But too much of this Next to this more generall Discourse shall follow the

three and twentie persons at one time onely with Partridges besides Curlue Plouer Mallard Teale and Goose. I haue seene two hot Bathes in Island and haue beene in one of them Wee are resolued to trie the vttermost and lye onely expecting a faire winde and to refresh our selues to auoyd the Ice which now is come off the West Coasts of which wee haue seene whole Ilands but God bee thanked haue not beene in danger of any Thus I desire all your prayers for vs. From Island this thirtieth of May 1610. A note found in the Deske of Thomas Wydowse Student in the Mathematickes hee being one of them who was put into the Shallop THe tenth day of September 1610. after dinner our Master called all the Companie together to heare and beare witnesse of the abuse of some of the Companie it hauing beene the request of Robert Iuet that the Master should redresse some abuses and slanders as hee called them against this Iuet which thing after the Master had examined and heard with equitie what hee could say for himselfe there were prooued so many and great abuses and mutinous matters against the Master and action by Iuet that there was danger to haue suffred them longer and it was fit time to punish and cut off farther occasions of the like mutinies It was prooued to his face first with Bennet Mathew our Trumpet vpon our first sight of Island and hee confest that hee supposed that in the action would bee man-slaughter and proue bloodie to some Secondly at our comming from Island in hearing of the companie hee did threaten to turne the head of the Ship home from the action which at that time was by our Master wisely pacified hoping of amendment Thirdly it was deposed by Philip Staffe our Carpenter and Ladlie Arnold to his face vpon the holy Bible that hee perswaded them to keepe Muskets charged and Swords readie in their Cabbins for they should bee charged with shot ere the Voyage were ouer Fourthly wee being pestered in the Ice hee had vsed words tending to mutinie discouragement and slander of the action which easily tooke effect in those that were timorous and had not the Master in time preuented it might easily haue ouerthrowne the Voyage and now lately beeing imbayed in a deepe Bay which the Master had desire to see for some reasons to himselfe knowne his word tended altogether to put the Companie into a fray of extremitie by wintering in cold Iesting at our Masters hope to see Bantam by Candlemasse For these and diuers other base sl●nders against the Master hee was deposed and Robert Bylot who had shewed himselfe honestly respecting the good of the action was placed in his stead the Masters Mate Also Francis Clement the Boatson as this time was put from his Office and William Wilson a man thought more fit preferred to his place This man had basely carryed himselfe to our Master and to the action Also Adrian Mooter was appointed Boatsons mate and a promise by the Master that from this day Iuats wages should remaine to Bylot and the Boatsons ouerplus of wages should bee equally diuided betweene Wilson and one Iohn King to the owners good liking one of the 〈◊〉 Masters who had very well carryed themselues to the furtherance of the businesse Also the Master promised if the Offenders yet behaued themselues henceforth honestly hee would bee a meanes for their good and that hee would forget iniuries with other admonitions These things thus premised touching Hudsons exposing and Gods iust iudgements on the Exposers as Pricket hath related whom they reserued as is thought in hope by Sir Dudley Digges his Master to procure their pardon at their returne I thought good to adde that which I haue further receiued from good Intelligence that the Ship comming aground at Digges Iland in 62. degrees 44. minutes a great flood came from the West and set them on floate an argument of an open passage from the South Sea to that and consequently to these Seas The Weapons and Arts which they saw beyond those of other Sauages are arguments hereof Hee which assaulted Pricket in the Boate had a weapon broad and sharpe indented of bright Steele such they vse in Iaua riueted into a handle of Morse tooth CHAP. XVIII The Discoueries of M. M. NICOLO and ANTONIO ZENI gathered out of their Letters by FRANCISCO MARCOLINO whereto is added QVIRINO his Ship-wracke IN the yeere 1380. Master Nicolo Zeno being wealthy and of a haughtie spirit desiring to see the fashions of the world built and furnished a Ship at his owne charges and passing the Straits of Gibralter held on his course Northwards with intent to see England and Flanders But a violent tempest assailing him at Sea hee was carried hee knew not whither till at last his Ship was carried away vpon the I le of Frisland where the m●n and most part of the goods were saued In vaine seemes that deliuerie that deliuers vp presently to another Executioner The Ilanders like Neptunes hungry groomes or his base and blacke Guard set vpon the men whom the Seas had spared but heere also they found a second escape by meanes of a Prince named Zichmui Prince of that and many Ilands thereabouts who being neere hand with his Armie came at the out-crie and chasing away the people tooke them into protection This Zichmui had the yeere before giuen the ouerthrow to the King of Norway and was a great aduenturer in feates of Armes He spake to them in Latine and placed them in his Nauie wherewith hee wonne diuers Ilands Nicolo be haued himselfe so well both in sauing the Fleet by his Sea-skill and in conquest of the Ilands by his valour that Zichmui made him Knight and Captaine of his Nauie After diuers notable exploits Nicolo armed three Barkes with which hee arriued in Engroneland where hee found a Monasterie of Friers of the Preachers Order and a Church dedicated to Saint Thomas hard by a Hill that casteth out fire like Vesuni●s and Aetna There is a Fountaine of hot water with which they heate the Church of the Monasterie and the Friers chambers It commeth also into the Kitchin so boyling hote that they vse no other fire to dr●sse their meate and putting their Bread into brasse Pots without any water it doth bake as it were in an hot Ouen They haue also small Gardens which are couered ouer in the Winter time and being watered with this water are defended from the violence of the Frost and cold and bring forth Flowers in their due seasons The common people astonished with these strange effects conceiue highly of those Friers and bring them presents of Flesh and other things They with this Water in the extremitie of the cold heate their Chambers which also as the other buildings of the Monasterie are framed of those burning stones which the mouth of the Hill casts foorth They cast water on some of them whereby they are dissolued and become excellent

per suas literas intima●it vobis mandamus quatenus si cundem Regem vel ipsius Nauigium per mare co●tiguum terrae nostra tran●ir● contingat vel in Terram nostram vel in fe●da nostra alicubi applicar● ipsum suos benignè honorificè recipiatis permittentes eosdem in terra nostra a victualia 〈◊〉 sibi p●r forum legitimum de sibi necessarijs prouidere Actum apud Sanctum Germanum in Laia A. D. 1248. When the King of Norway had read this for hee is a discreet and modest and well learned man hee reioyced much and was gratefull to the bearer respecting him with Royall and bountifull gifts Thus writeth Matthew Paris of himselfe and his employment The cause of his going into Norway he further relateth that King Cnuto or Canutus hauing founded a famous Monastery of Saint Bennet of Holm in Norway of which title and order hee had founded another in England it happened that the said Abbie with the appurtenances was almost ruined by an impious Abbat who forsaking his Order and stealing away priuily the Seale of the Chapiter either sold or by forged writings fraudulently engaged almost all the possessions thereof wherein hee had the Sacrist the keeper of the Seale his copartner both in this fugitiue apostacie and treacherie Heereupon the Archbishop of Nidrosia in whose Diocesse the said Abbie was situate seised the same and the appurtenances into his hands alledging that the Monkes had only the habite but were altogether ignorant of Monastike order and Saint Bennets rule some of them also theeues and fugitiues The Monkes appealed to the Pope which caused the Archbishop to suspend his proceedings and the Prior recouering somewhat and gathering together a summe of money went to the Roman Court where the Abbat had beene a little before and intangled by writings the said house in fiue hundred markes which caused the Prior to returne frustrate and full of griefe But in his way hearing that the said Abbat was dead in the Abby of Saint Alban in Selio in Norway he and the Couent made choice of an Abbat and this Prior with another Monke and three hundred markes in mony together with the Kings letter being sent to Matthew Paris to take paines for their freedome it was procured happily that the temporalties of the said house were freed from the Caursines the Popes Vsurers then residing at London within one yeeres space But their Spiritualities were much maimed they by bribes purchasing delayes lest the Archbishop should take possession of the Iland which wholly belonged to the Abby and of it also expelling the Monkes Now the Cardinall Bishop of Sabine then comming Legate into Norway the Monkes sought to him for succour and hee counselled them to go and petition the Pope to prouide them of an Instructor and Reformer and he would write in their behalfe The Abbat therefore and Prior went with Letters from the King and Legate to the Pope who gaue them leaue to chuse any man of whatsoeuer Region or Monasterie to be their Instructer They answered the next day that all the World had not Monkes of that Order liuing in more composed order then England nor England any comparable by report to Saint Albans of which House they desired Matthew to be their Reformer of whose wisdome and faithfulnes they had had experience a man also almost familiar and friendly to their King and able by his meanes to order the rebellious and vnruly Hereupon the Pope gaue them this Briefe to the Abbat of Saint Albans Innocentius c. Dilecto Filio Abbati Sancti Albani in Anglia Ordinis S. Benedicti c. Cum sicut ex parte dilecti filij Abbatis Monasterij de Hol●s Ordinis S. Benedicti Nistorsiensis Diocesis fuit propositum coram nobis idem Monasterium propter Pradecessorum suorum negligentiam sit in his quae ad Monasticum Ordinem pertinent deformatum nec inueniator in illis partibus aliquis qui statuta obseruantias eiusdem Ordinis bene sciat Nos ad supplicationem eiusdem Abbatis discretionem tuam rogamus attentius hortamur per Apostolica tibi scripta mandantes quatenus dilectum filium Fratrem Mattheum Monachum tuum qui dicitur probeta vitae ac religionis expertae ad idem Monasterium vt dictum Abbatem Monachos suos in regularibus disciplinis statutis quae ad eundem ordinem pertinent informet instruat transmittere pro diuina Apostolicae sedis ac nostra reuerentia non postponas Datum Lugduni c. Hereto the Abbat obeying and Matthew to his Abbat the businesse luckily succeeded and Monkerie both in that of Hol●s and other Norwegian Monasteries was reformed I might here shew the great stirres which in the first Ages after the Conquest the Norwegians haue caused in Ireland Wales Man Anglesey the Hebrides and Orcades as also of Harald whom the Conquerour slue his two sonnes and daughter fleeing to Sueno King of Denmarke who gaue the daughter in Marriage to Ieruslaus or Waldemarus King of Russia and of Nicolas de Lynna a Franciscan Frier and Mathematician of Oxford before mentioned of whom Iacobus Cuoyen saith in his Iournall that he learned of a Priest who had descended of those which King Arthur had left to people the Ilands of Norway Anno 1364. that in the yeere 1360. the said Frier had comne into those Ilands and proceeding further by Art Magicke had described those A●●ike parts as the Map presents with foure Whirl-pooles or In-draughts Yea as Master Dee addeth at the Northerne Ilands the Record whereof at his returne he gaue to the King of England the Booke being called Inuentio fortunata or fortunae contayning a description from fiftie foure degrees to the Pole I might also adde out of Th●mas of Walsingham the Trauels of Henrie Earle of Darbie afterwards Henrie the Fourth King of England into Prussia and Lettow or Lithuania where by his helpe especially was taken Vilna the chiefe Citie Sk●rgalle the King of Lettow hauing fled thither for refuge his Colours being first aduanced on the walls foure thousand slaine of which the King of Polands Brother and three thousand captiued Also I might adde the Voyage of Thomas of Woodstocke Duke of Glocester sonne to King Edward the Third along the Coasts of Denmarke Norway and Scotland Other Letters likewise of King Edward the Second to Haquin or Hacon King of Norway in behalfe of English Merchants there arrested with Entercourses betwixt the English and the Dutch Knights in Liefland But hauing only briefe mentions of these and them or the most of them recorded by Master Hakluyts industrie before I doe here but Index-wise referre the Reader thither I rather choose to giue new things and rare and such may seeme these Notes which Anno 1605. I writ from the mouth of Master George Barkeley HONDIVS his Map of the Arctike Pole or Northerne World POLUS ARCTICUS cum vicinis regionibus CHAP.

Pilot from Venice dated the 20. of Nouember 1596. which came not to his hands And also another Letter dated the 24. of Ianuarie 1596. which came to his hands And thereof he wrote me answere dated the 28. of May 1597. which I receiued the first of August 1597. by Thomas Norden an English Merchant yet liuing in London wherein he promised still to goe with me into England to performe the said voyage for discouerie of the North-west passage into the South Sea if I would send him money for his charges according to his former writing without the which money he said he could not goe for that he said he was vndone vtterly when he was in the ship Santa Anna which came from China and was robbed at California And yet againe afterward I wrote him another Letter from Venice whereunto he wrote me answere by a Letter written in his Greeke language dated the 20. of October 1598. the which I haue still by me wherein he promiseth still to goe with me into England and performe the said voyage of discouerie of the North-west passage into the South Sea by the said streights which he calleth the Streight of Noua Spania which he saith is but thirtie daies voyage in the streights if I will send him the money formerly written for his charges The which money I could not yet send him for that I had not yet recouered my pension owing mee by the Companie of Turkie aforesaid And so of long time I stayed from any furder proceeding with him in this matter And yet lastly when I my selfe was at Zante in the moneth of Iune 1602. minding to passe from thence for England by Sea for that I had then recouered a little money from the Companie of Turkie by an order of the Lords of the Priuie Counsell of England I wrote another Letter to this Greeke Pilot to Cefalonia and required him to come to me to Zante and goe with mee into England but I had none answere thereof from him for that as I heard afterward at Zante he was then dead or very likely to die of great sicknesse Whereupon I returned my selfe by Sea from Zante to Venice and from thence I went by land through France into England where I arriued at Christmas An. 1602. safely I thanke God after my absence from thence ten yeeres time with great troubles had for the Company of Turkies businesse which hath cost me a great summe of money for the which I am not yet satisfied of them A Treatise of the North-west passage to the South Sea through the Continent of Virginia and by Fretum Hudson THe noble plantation of Virginia hath some very excellent prerogatiues aboue many other famous Kingdomes namely the temperature of the aire the fruitfulnesse of the soile and the commodiousnesse of situation The aire is healthfull and free both from immoderate heate and from extreme cold fo that both the Inhabitants and their Cattell doe prosper exceedingly in stature and strength and all Plants brought from any other remote climate doe there grow and fructifie in as good or better manner then in the soile from whence they came Which though it doe manifestly prooue the fruitfulnesse of the soile yeelding all kindes of Graine or Plants committed vnto it with a rich and plentifull increase yet cannot the fatnesse of the earth alone produce such excellent effects vnlesse the temperature of the aire be likewise so fauourable that those tender sprouts which the earth doth abundantly bring forth may bee cherished with moderate heate and seasonable moisture and freed both from scorching drought and nipping frost The North part of America Gerardus Mercator a very industrious and excellent Geographer was abused by a Map sent vnto him of foure Euripi meeting about the North Pole which now are found to bee all turned into a mayne Icie Sea One demonstration of the craftie falshood of these vsuall Maps is this that Cape Mendocino is set in them West North-west distant from the South Cape of California about seuenteene hundred leagues whereas Francis Gaule that was imployed in those discoueries by the Vice-roy of New Spaine doth in Hugo Linschotten his booke set downe their distance to be onely fiue hundred leagues Besides this in the place where Sir Thomas Button did winter in 57. degrees of latitude the constant great Tydes euery twelue houres and the increase of those Tydes whensoeuer any strong Westerne winde did blow doe strongly perswade vs that the mayne Westerne Ocean is not farre from thence which was much confirmed vnto them the Summer following when sayling directly North from that place where they wintered about the latitude of 60. degrees they were crossed by a strong Current running sometimes Eastward sometimes Westward So that if we finde either Hudsons Bay or any Sea more neere vnto the West wee may assure our selues that from thence we may with great ease passe to any part of the East Indies And that as the World is very much beholding to that famous Columbus for that hee first discouered vnto vs the West Indies and to the Portugal for the finding out the ordinarie and as yet the best way that is knowne to the East Indies by Cape Bona Speranza So may they and all the world be in this beholding to vs in opening a new and large passage both much neerer safer and farre more wholesome and temperate through the Continent of Virginia and by Fretum Hudson to all those rich Countries bordering vpon the South Sea in the East and West Indies And this hope that the South Sea may easily from Virginia be discouered ouer Land is much confirmed by the constant report of the Sauages not onely of Virginia but also of Florida and Canada which dwelling so remote one from another and all agreeing in the report of a large Sea to the Westwards where they describe great ships not vnlike to ours with other circumstances doe giue vs very great probabilitie if not full assurance that our endeuours this way shall by Gods blessing haue a prosperous and happy successe to the encrease of his Kingdome and Glorie amongst these poore ignorant Heathen people the publique good of all the Christian world the neuer-dying honour of our most gracious Soueraigne the inestimable benefit of our Nation and the admirable and speedie increase and aduancement of that most noble and hopefull Plantation of Virginia for the good successe whereof all good men with mee I doubt not will powre out their prayers to Almightie God H. B. VOYAGES AND TRAVELS TO AND IN THE NEW WORLD CALLED AMERICA RELATIONS OF THEIR PAGAN ANTIQVITIES AND OF THE REGIONS AND PLANTATIONS IN THE NORTH AND SOVTH parts thereof and of the Seas and Ilands adiacent THE FIFTH BOOKE CHAP. I. A Description of the West Indies by ANTONIO De HERRERA his Maiesties Chiefe Chronicler of the Indies and his Chronicler of Castile To the Licentiate PAVL of Laguna President of the Royall and Supreme Councell of the Indies THe

the moneth of May. This day we saw great store of Gulles which followed our Ship sundry dayes The eight and twentieth the winde being at North and by West wee directed our course to the Westward and about twelue of the clocke the same night we descried the land of America in the latitude of 62. degrees and 30. minutes which we made to be Warwicks foreland This Headland rose like an Iland And when we came neere the Foreland we saw foure small Ilands to the Northwards and three small Ilands to the Southward of the same Foreland The Foreland was high land all the top● of the hils were couered with Snow The three small Ilands to the Southward were also white that we could not discerne them from Ilands of Ice also there was great store of drift Ice vpon the Eastside of this Foreland but the Sea was altogether voide of Ice the Land did lye North and by East and South and by West being six leagues of length The nine and twentieth at sixe of the clocke in the morning wee were within three leagues of this Foreland then the winde came vp at North-east and by East a good stiffe gale with fogge and wee were forced to stand to the Southward because wee could not wether the Land to the Northward and as wee stood to the Southward along by Warwicks Foreland we could discerne none otherwise but that it was an Iland Which if it fall out to be so then L●●leys Inlet and the next Southerly Inlet where the great Current setteth to the West must of necessitie be one Sea which will be the greatest hope of the passage that way The thirtieth the winde was at North-east with fogge and Snow This day wee came into a great whirling of a Current being in the latitude of 61. degrees and about twelue leagues from the coast of America The first day of Iuly the winde was at West with fogge and Snow the ayre being very cold This day wee came into many Ouerfals which seemed to runne a great current but which way it did set wee could not well discerne The greatest likelihood was that it should set to the West But hauing contrary windes some sixteene or seuenteene dayes we alwayes lay in trauerse among these ouerfals but could neuer finde any great current by our courses wee sounded sometimes but could get no ground in one hundred and twentie fathomes The second day wee descried a maine Banke of Ice in the latitude of 60. degrees the winde was at North North-west and very faire weather Wee wanting fresh water did sayle close to this Land of Ice and hoysed out our Boate and loaded her twice with Ice which made vs very good fresh water Within twenty leagues of the coast of America wee should oftentimes come into many great ouerfals Which doth manifestly shew that all the coast of America is broken Land The third the winde was at South-west very foggie and as wee stood toward the coast of America wee met with another maine Banke of Ice The fogge was so thicke that we were hard by the Ice before wee could see it But it pleased God that the winde was faire to put vs cleare from this Ice againe and presently it began to cleare vp so that wee could see two or three leagues off but we could see no end of the Ice Wee iudged this Ice to be some tenne leagues from the coast of America We found the water to be very blackish and thicke like puddle water The eight the winde was at North North-west very faire weather wee standing to the Westwards met with a mighty maine Banke of Ice which was a great length and breadth and it did rest close to the shoare And at eleuen of the clocke in the forenoone wee descried againe the Land of America in the latitude of 63. degrees and 53. minutes being very high Land and it did rise as Ilands the toppes being couered with Snow This Land was South-west and by West some fiue leagues off vs we could come no neerer it for the great quantitie of Ice which rested by the shoare side The ninth the winde being at North-east and by Last blew so extreamely that we were forced to stand to the Southward both to cleare our selues of the Land and of the Ice for the day before we passed a great banke of Ice which was some foureteene leagues to the Eastward of vs when the storme began but thankes be to God we cleared our selues both of the Land and of the Ice This day in the afternoone the storme grew so extreame that we were forced to stand along with our forecourse to the Southward The seuenteenth was very foggie the winde being at East and about two of the clocke in the afternoone wee saw foure great Ilands of Ice of a huge bignesse and about foure of the clocke we came among some small scattered Ice and supposed our selues to be neere some great Banke The fogge was very thicke but the winde large to stand backe the same way wee came in or else it would haue indangered our liues very much And at nine of the clocke at night we heard a great noyse as though it had bin the breach of some shoare Being desirous to see what it was we stood with it and found it to be the noyse of a great quantity of Ice which was very loathsome to be heard Then wee stood North North-west and the fogge continued so thicke that wee could not see two Shippes length from vs whereupon we thought good to take in some of our sayles and when our men came to hand them they found our sayles ropes and tacklings so hard frozen that it did seeme very strange vnto vs being in the chiefest time of Summer The eighteenth day the winde was at North-east and by North the ayre being very cleere and extreame cold with an exceeding great frost and our course was North-west This day in the forenoone when we did set our sayles we found our ropes and tacklings harder frozen then they were the day before which frost did annoy vs so much in the vsing of our ropes and sayles that wee were enforced to breake off the Ice from our ropes that they might runne through the blockes And at two of the clocke in the afternoone the winde began to blow very hard with thicke fogge which freezed so fast as it did fall vpon our sayles ropes and tackling that we could not almost hoyse or strike our sayles to haue any vse of them This extreame frost and long continuance thereof was a maine barre to our proceeding to the Northward and the discouraging of all our men The nineteenth day the winde was at North and by East and our course to the Eastwards The same night following all our men conspired secretly together to beare vp the helme for England while I was asleepe in my Cabin and there to haue kept mee by force vntill I had sworn

vnto them that I would not offer any violence vnto them for so doing And indeede they had drawn in writing the causes of their bearing vp of the helme and thereunto set their hands and would haue left them in my Cabin but by good chance I vnderstood their pretence and preuented them for that time The twentieth day I called the chiefest of my Company into my Cabin before Master Iohn Cartwright our Preacher and our Master William Cobreth to heare what reasons they could alleadge for the bearing vp of the Helme which might he an ouerthrow to the Voyage seeing the Merchants had bin at so great a charge with it After much conference they deliuered mee their reasons in writing Concluding that although it were granted that we might winter betweene 60. and 70. degrees of latitude with safetie of our liues and Vessels yet it will be May next before wee can dismore them to lanch out into the Sea And therefore if the Merchants should haue purpose to proceede on the discouerie of these North-west parts of America the next yeare you may be in the aforesaid latitudes for England by the first of May and so be furnished better with men and victuals to passe and proceede in the aforesaid action Seeing then that you cannot assure vs of a safe harbour to the Northward wee purpose to beare vp the Helme for England yet with this limitation that if in your wisedome you shall thinke good to make any discouery either in 60. or 57. degrees with this faire Northerly winde we yeelde our liues with your selfe to encounter any danger Thus much we thought needefull to signifie as a matter builded vpon reason and not proceeding vpon feare or cowardise Then wee being in the latitude of 68. degrees and 53. minutes the next following about eleuen of the clocke they bare vp the Helme being all so bent that there was no meanes to perswade them to the contrary At last vnderstanding of it I came forth of my Cabin and demanded of them who bare vp the Helme They answered me One and All. So they hoysed vp all the sayle they could and directed their course South and by West The two and twentieth I sent for the chiefest of those which were the cause of the bearing vp of the Helme and punished them seuerely that this punishment might be a warning to them afterward for falling into the like mutinie In the end vpon the intreatie of Master Cartwright our Preacher and the Master William Cobreaths vpon their submission I remitted some part of their punishment At twelue of the clocke at noone wee came hard by a great Iland of Ice the Sea being very smooth and almost calme wee hoysed out the Boates of both our Shippes being in want of fresh water and went to this Iland to get some Ice to make vs fresh water And as wee were breaking off some of this Ice which was verie painefull for vs to doe for it was almost as hard as a Rocke the great Iland of Ice gaue a mightie cracke two or three times as though it had bin a thunder-clappe and presently the Iland began to ouerthrow which was like to haue sunke both our Boates if wee had not made good haste from it But thankes be to God we escaped this danger very happily and came aboord with both our Boates the one halfe laden with Ice There was great store of Sea Foule vpon this Iland of Ice The fiue and twentieth and six and twentieth the winde being at East did blow a hard gale and our course was West and by South with fogge This day in the afternoone I did reckon my selfe to be in the entering of an Inlet which standeth in the latitude of 61. degrees and 40. minutes The seuen and twentieth the winde was at South South-east and blew very hard our course was West The eight and twentieth and nine and twentieth our course was West and by South the winde blowing very hard at East South-east with fogge and raine The thirtieth the winde came vp in a showre by the West North-west blowing so hard that wee were forced to put a fore the Sea Now because the time of the yeare was farre spent and many of our men in both Shippes sicke wee thought it good to returne with great hope of this Inlet to bee a passage of more possibilitie then through the Straight of Dauis because I found it not much pestered with Ice and to be a straight of fortie leagues broad Also I sayled an hundred leagues West and by South within this Inlet and there I found the variation to be 35. degrees to the Westward and the needle to decline or rather incline 83. degrees and an halfe The fifth of August the winde all that while Westerly wee were cleare of this Inlet againe The sixth the winde was at East South-east with fogge The seauenth eight and ninth we passed by many great Ilands of Ice The ninth day at night we descried the land of America in the latitude of 55. degrees and 30. minutes This Land was an Iland being but low land and very smooth then the night approaching and the weather being something foggie and darke we were forced to stand to the Northward againe This night we passed by some great Ilands of Ice and some bigge peeces which did breake from the great Ilands and we were like to strike some of them two or three times which if we had done it might haue endangered our Shippes and liues Our consort the Godspeede strooke a little piece of Ice which they thought had foundred their Shippe but thankes be to God they receiued no great hurt for our Shippes were very strong The tenth day the winde was at North-east and by North with fogge and raine and our course was to the South-eastward for we could by no meanes put with the shoare by reason of the thicknesse of the fogge and that the winde blew right vpon the shoare so that we were forced to beare saile to keepe our selues from the land vntill it pleased God to send vs a cleare which God knoweth we long wanted At sixe of the clocke in the afternoone it was calme and then I iudged my selfe by mine account to be neere the Land so I founded and had ground in 160. fathomes and fine grey Osie Sand and there was a great Iland of Ice a ground within a league of vs where we sounded and within one houre it pleased God to send vs a cleere Then we saw the land some foure leagues South-west and by South from vs. This land lyeth East and by South and West and by North being good high land but all Ilands as farre as wee could discerne This calme continued vntill foure of the clocke in the afternoone of the eleuenth day the weather being very cleere we could not discerne any Current to goe at all by this Land This day the Sea did set vs in about a league