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england_n	world_n	worthy_a	year_n	83	3	4.4148	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A93639	Adam out of Eden or, an abstract of divers excellent experiments touching the advancement of husbandry. Shewing, among very many other things, an aprovement of ground by rabbiss [sic],from 200 l. annual rent, to 2000 l. yearly profit, all charges deducted. / By Ad. Speed. Gent.	Speed, Adolphus, fl. 1652-1659.	1658 (1658)	Wing S4877; Thomason E2135_1; ESTC R203589	41,178	190

the planting of Liquorish which grows naturally in many places of England and whereas formerly contrary to judgement of those that planted it used to dig the ground very deep even into the crust of earth and then planted the Liquorish downwards and too deep This Gentleman hath caused his Ground not to be mucked nor to be used therefore had that been mucked formerly and the roots placed side-waies not perpendicularly but above the crust of the earth which by that means will run a very great length and grow with greater roots by far than otherwise insomuch that the Gentlemans Servant hath observed for five acres of Liquorish to make two hundred pound an acre Besides there was a crop of Onions growing upon the five acres of Liquorish for which there was offered twenty pound an acre half thereof being formerly pick'd out and sold for at least twenty pound more and this may be confirmed for a truth at any time so that there is but one year of three void of profit and some benefit may be made that year This with the Roman Bean would be excellent commodities in divers Countries in regard of the conveniency by water they being no Drugg at all times vendible and the ground much advanced thereby for other uses which may be done in a mere dry and warm sand c. this to be confirmed to an hundred pound per annum Chap. 9. Of Saffron THere are grounds in my knowledge in most parts of England where Saffron will grow being rightly prepared as well as in any place and once having the roots which may easily be gotten and as cheap as the other seeds and plants you will ever after abound therewith and they will render very great profit with very little charge and much inrich the ground for corn after them several years for the planting and disposing of them you may have sufficient directions at pleasure and so for the other defects better Saffron groweth not in the world than here in England being worth forty pound an acre skilfully and carefully planted that will last several years and afford divers crops every year and must be gathered every morning for a months space A worthy Gentleman in whose Garden had been planted some Saffron roots for ornament sake and the rather because the flowers were very sweet of various colours and very pleasant to the eye they did exceedingly increase on the ground that the Gardner could by no means destroy them although with great diligence they weeded them up constantly when they drest and renewed their Garden yet do what they could they would grow there still at last as they drew them up still set them in some remote places in the Garden being ground very much neglected where they prospered so well that it is to be admired what benefit so little ground did afford which was a mere sand as is to be found in most Shires in England only the ground having been formerly baren I advised the Gentleman he having Commons of such kind of ground hardly worth one shilling an acre and several other waste ground with great convenience of water c. to compose some kind of soyl as I instance in my discourse following of muck and mingled earth and to lay it a foot thick on the worst part of his barren ground he might in the easiest manner concontrive a thousand loads in a year thereby questionless have divers acres of the best sort of Saffron and this soyl will so fertilize the waste ground under it with the addition of the muck water in case of dry weather that the lands will be fit for any advantagious uses whatsoever c. Probatum est Observ 1. Item French Pease will yield thirty pound per acre charge little and much inrich the ground for corn afterwards they have been known afford five hundred for one Observ 2. Mustard seed thirty pound an acre de claro and will afford very good crops for several years without replanting upon ordinary ground and will thrive very well upon Ditches newly cast up Observ 3. Tassels for Cloath-workers about thirty pound an acre de claro and will thrive and prove very well here in England and very usefull being rightly planted and with the best seed Observ 4. Madder for dying for the Apothecary worth 7 d. per pound will grow very thick on the ground and advance five pound an acre and upwards de claro it will thrive best in sandy ground as the other and is constanly vendible at high rates Observ 5. Osiars above twenty pound an acre on wet ground without trouble or charge after the first planting and when there are store of them there will be no want of Manufactorr for thither they will questionless resort and inhabit Observ 6. There is a Tree called the Abel there being none of the Plants to be had unless they be sent for out of France but in one place in England thirty pounds being laid out about these plants will render at the least ten thousand pound at eighten years and without any other charge trouble or impairing the Grass in the field where they grow This is confirmed by an Honorable Knight here in London every Tree of them so being rightly planted will afford in a short time thirty plants and every one of these thirty will afford thirty more and these Trees are at their full growth in twenty years and after seven years growth improveth every year twelve pence untill the time is up it groweth very streight and is most comely either in the Fields or walks this Timber hardly hath its parallel for all sorts of wodden Vessels as Trayes Bowls c. and so likewise for Carts it being exceedingly light very tall in growth and a very white wood The manner of the planting them I shall hereafter more at large discover with the condition of the soyl where they are to be planted their usual distance one from another under ten foot you may likewise provide French furze seeds and sow them amongst these Trees where there is want of such fewell they will grow very fast and bigge in a short time with great stock'd bodies and will soon spread their tops and become very large and high far transcending our English Furze and these together with the other Trees will afford a considerable profit and this place may likewise be very much for pleasure and very profitable for the sheltering of Pheasants and other Fowls Chap. 10. To illustrate the profit of Ground by planting of Woods I Knew a Gentleman that set an Ash-tree before his House which forty years after he was offered for it thirty pounds and it is certainly to be proved that a Gentleman in Holland sold five hundred Ashes at fifty years groweth at a far higher rate and that another man in the same Country planted so much wood inhis life time for the which he was offered fifty thousand pound There is a Gentleman now living in Essex that can lop off

his own ground two thousand Willows every year out of the number he formerly planted His improvements of grounds for Orchards twenty pound an acre per annum twenty acres four hundred pound A Gentleman in Kent besides the great benefit he converteth the ground to otherwise advanceth to himself yearly for Cherries and other fruit of his own planting at least five hundred pounds Certain Observations There is a Knight now living in England that got a thousand pounds per annum by planting Carrets in a mere sandy ground 2. There are divers in London that will give thirty pound an acre to sowe Clove Gilly flowers and so for many years I especially by means of the Muck water and the muck the like benefit made per annum of red Roses 3. There are about London that do make two hundred pound an acre by gardening and exceeding great profit may be made thereby in most places of England which may be performed only an experienced Gardner of London told me they usually fat their Cows and Swine with the offal of Gardening-stuff Chap. 11. To preserve Horses in a very good Condition without hay AN honorable Knight in Kent and a Doctor there of fifteen hundred pound per annum have not given their Horses any hay these twelve years but only chopt straw cut small with such a Knife as they cut hay withall they mingle with a handfull of Oats half a peck of this Straw so cut and put into the Manger several times in the day and let them drink often and in this manner they use all their Horses both that work and travel you may put in the paste of Turnips instead of the Oats which being used thereunto will do as well and better and satisfie all expectations with very great success without any additional food cut chop and shred all your Furs-tops and give them to your Horses and they will exceedingly thrive therewith this I received from the greatest Lord of Scotland which was the continual custom of his Servants Item a Gentleman traveling much when others gave their Horses that travelled at the least half a peck of Oats he gave his Horse but one half penyworth of Carrets where he could have them I have know the like increase with Turnips no food exceeding them for health and feeding In Kent and Hurtford-shire they usual cut all their Oats and Pease small and give them their Horses with chaff or cut straw by which means they eat up all and thrive exceedingly therewith and feed theron the more greedily Chap. 12. Of Hops OUt of a small plot of ground scarce an acre and an half a Gentleman got by Hops in one year at least one hundred and eightie pound A worthy Friend of mine out of less than a quarter of an acre of Ground received hately for Hops in one year ten pound and for several years besides which ground in my knowledge was very much neglected otherwaies would have returned many more being they stood much protected from the Nothern winds The last year a Gentleman experienced used Muck-water by watering his Hops therewith only at the very roots whereby he had a return beyond expectation and is resolved thereupon to take in more grounds for that purpose the improvement that may happen thereby cannot in any rational mans judgement but be exceeding great being the liquor doth exceed your ordinary muck He likewise planted upon the Hop-hills divers seeds of Pumpions the running branches thereof being turned into the paths with sticks and causing the superfluous branches to be cut off leaving only about three of them that were well knotted he made a double benefit thereby part whereof was sold at good rates the rest were boyled in the manner of Turnips he caused his Cattel Swine to be sed therwith to his great advantage so with these and with Turnips he boyled all the Barly chaff he could get which made the Liquor the thicker and proved more commodious to his Cattel and sometimes when bran was to be had at reasonable rate he caused it to be boyled therin otherwise the Liquor was only used The usual way of keeping the roots of his Pumpion plants was to get all the pieces of Pots Dishes and old Vessels that would hold Water and filling them with the former Liquor he caused the end of an old rotten list or rag to be put into the Vessel and the other end unto the Pumpion plant which would descend unto the root and the Liquor being thereby dreyned out of the old Vessels they were seasonably replenish'd from which occasion he had the fairest Pumpions that ever were beheld and the Hops wonderfully improved thereby he had also by vertue of this Liquor white Straw-berries six inches compass which may at any time be attested and such kind of roots and Gardening-stuff that the like for the generality was never seen before Chap. 13. Of Flax. FLax will yield thirty or forty pound an acre sandy baren and heathy ground is best for it and after Flax Turnips one acre of good Flax accounted worth three or four acres of the best Wheat and the Liquor hath much advanced the goodness thereof The best time for the sowing therof is about the beginning of April presently after a shower of rain which may abundantly be supplyed by the Engine and Muck-water following some do usually sowe Flax untill the end of May and some after Observ 1. Of Bees There are divers places in England that would maintain one hundred hives of Bees without providing conveniency of food for them and it was an easiy thing to get five hundred pound per annum by Bees in places convenient Observ 2. To make trees bear much and excellent fruit and to advantage them in their growth half in half is only by the scasonable application of the Muck-water and the water following for worms Observ 3. A way how to recover an old Tree When a tree is spent and hath done bearing under-prop it so as that it may be stedfastly supported that the body may not sink then take away the earth under the roots and adde thereunto good rich Mould to the empty places or your best mixed earth with the Muck-water and you shall perceive the tree to revive again flourish prosper and bear fruit more plentifully than ever it did so may you do with a tree that is fallen down Observ 4. To make barren Trees bear much and exceeding good fruit First split the root of an old tree and adde thereunto Pingeons dung Lees of Wine _____ and a little Brimstone or any such thing as you shall understand to be destructive to worms which composition hath been often tryed Observ 5. I have known a Vine planted upon the top of an Oak that did yield aboundance of excellent Grapes very large pleasant and full of Juyce and why not many Oaks so planted In ground fit to be digged up to set corn and thereby to reap an hundred for one and all charges born and

bought great store of Bay Salt at two shillings six-penee per bushell and being a great husband and very knowing in husbandry is confident to advantage himself much thereby for there is no Muck or soyle Comparable thereunto both for Grasse and Corn as may evidently appear by the Salt Marshes in severall places of this Nation Chap. 13. To make a sufficient fence of Sallowes or VVillowes or both in a very short time LEt your ditch be ordered according to the usual manner and and if it may be with good Mould and take small sticks of Willowes or Sallowes cut from the trees and cut the Bark round with the knife about three inches distant the one from the other and place two of the sticks sidewaies one foot distant the one from the other then cover them with earth and with Mould and they will soon shoot forth to very good perfection and from every place so cut round will spring forth a branch which after they are grown about half a yard you may cut them off about three inches from the ground and they will thereby grow the thicker and become a very compleat fence suddenly and especially if you water them with the muck Water Chap. 14. Of Muskmelons THe way to have as good Musk-melons as are any in Italy without the unwholsome use of the muckbeds here in London is confirmed by the Earl of Dorset Plant them under a Wall Pale or Hedge on the Sunny side with very good mould purposely prepared and underneath the Mold lay a quantity of fresh Barly straw and by this easie meanes using the seasonable Covertures and necessary futherance you may attain to your uttermost desire without any further trouble but if you do discern the straw to make the earth too hot thrust in a stake through the mould to the straw that the vapour and heat evaporate and passe forth this from the Earl of Tenett I shall more copiously inlarge my self herein with the ready way to ripen them and such other fruits before their season by planting them in dry weather and every third or fourth day watering them with warm water Whereas there hath happened an exceeing great destruction of Beanes Pease and other corn of late yeers by Wormes and other creeping things both about the City and in most places of the Countrey there being no means imagined by any for the prevention thereof you may observe how to avoid them both in Fields Gardens and at the roots of trees Take sliced or bruised Onions and steep them in Water all night or longer add thereunto a proportion of Salt and Soot and Lime if you please or Ashes in your Gardens you may use it with your watering Pots especially to the roots of trees And for the Corn fields the engine following is most proper which I refer to my after discourse This composition will not leave a Worm in the ground where it is used besides it will strengthen the Land very much for Corn and bring the Trees to much fruitfulnesse that were formerly decayed at the roots if there be Wormes take but a drop or two of the Onion water and some Salt put it into a Worm-hole and the worm will come out and dye presently and the same water with Onions and Salt by drinking a little of it in a morning fasting at the full of the Moon will destroy all Wormes in men women and children you may use onely the Onions which will be sufficient A remedy for the worms in men women and children you must three mornings before the full of the Moon give them to drink a quantity of new Milk and give it them in the morning of the full Moon and the worms then expecting breakfast as before they having then as Physicians say their mouths open are destroyed To bring into one place and destroy all Worms that are hurtfull in a Gardens take the belly or panch of a Weather newly killed and all the filth and dung that is in it and bury the same in the place were they be cover it a little with the earth and within two dayes you may see all the hurtfull things resort thither which you may destroy as you please Centaury Colloquintida and Wormewod are good ingredients to adde if need were to the former designe to destroy Wormes You may at the end of March or February make the ground very wet by casting water thereon and about eight or nine of the clock by candle light gather up all the wormes whereby you may destroy them in Gardens Water wherein the leaves and seed of Hemp is sodden being cast and sprinkled on the earth will make the wormes come out of the ground if there be any Cabbages puld up by the roots set in sand in a Cellar or some other room may be kept all the Winter or you may hang them up with strings and so may you keep Artichokes and other plants and roots for constant use as Carets Parsnips and Turnips In dry weather in October and November make a layr of Sand and a layr of Carrets cutting away the tops close to the roots with some of the small ends of the Carrets and about the last of December when there is no frost uncover them and you may keep them longer if you pare off the the shootings of the upper end of the root and then lay them in Sand and so Parsnips and Turnips Obser 1. In Herefordshire they feed their Swine with Elm-tree-leaves gathering them in bags There was fifty pound an Acre offered for Tobacco lately in Worcestershire and at that rate for severall Acres Chap. 14. To get off the Smutt from VVheat FIrst lay a lay of Barly Chaff then a layer of smutty Wheat then a layer of Chaff again then a layer of VVheat c. and so thrash it and it will break very fair Obser 2. Bury Hawthorn Berries deep in the ground all the winter then sow them in February and water them with muck-water as followeth and you shall finde wonderfull expedition in the growth Observ 3. Quicksets are not to be weeded at all after Mich. Obser 4. That VVheat being newly sown upon ground on a hill side very poor and not worth two shillings an Acre and never mucked there was Clover Grasse sown amongst the VVheat which proved to be as rich and as good a Crop as ever was seen in England or ever was known to grow without muck and after the VVheat was cut the Clover grew up beyond expectation and served for excellent pasture all the yeer following A very good crop of Clover Grasse was cut in the same yeer which was performed by steeping the VVheat in Salt Brine and Lime which hindred the prejudice of the Crowes birds worms c. The seed was steeped in strong Brine that would bear an Egge about twenty four hours First there was laid a lay of the steeped seed spread upon a floor then a lay of Lyme upon the corn then a layer of corn again c.

very well in England and so Commin seed Fennel-seed and Canary seed Asparagus once sown will last twelve years These before specified one with another will afford twenty pound an acre yearly When you have composed good store of muck with earth as before you may lay of the best mould some thickness upon the basest Ground and thereon set wheat and you may have as good crops as you can desire or ever was known in England the upper sourd of that Ground by means of the mould will be much improved thereby and the soyl likewise underneath and you may farther at pleasure advantage the mould to the greatest height with your Muck water and by this means you may have all other commodities in aboundance proper for such rich soyl or appertaining to Gardening as Saffron c. Observ 1. Graft Apples upon Cherry stocks and the fruit will be exceeding red Observ 2. To make Roses by inoculation grow upon Cherry stocks Chap. 17. To make Vines grow upon Cherry stocks PLant them together and when the Vines have put out long small branches bore a hole in the Cherry stock that the branch may easily go through take up the upper bark untill it come to the Green and let it grow there when it is well grown cut off the Vine below stroak the Ground according to the ordinary wayes 〈◊〉 it well and you will have your 〈◊〉 Chap. 18. To make five sorts of Roses grow upon one Stock without inoculation WHen they begin to knot bore with an Aul under the knot and with a feather put Green in one and Yellow in another Red in the third and Blew in the fourth and close up all the holes handsomely Put the blood of Pikes before you put in the Grafts dip the end of the Graft in it and you shall have red Apples but they will be redder by far if you graft them upon Cherrie stocks Chap. 19. To make Roses smell strong and unsavoury PUt Garlick close to the Root and so with Lillies for they have all a sympathy To make a red Rose become white as it groweth kindle Brimstone and smoak the Rose with it at your pleasure and it will become white presently Take the roots of divers colours of Gillyflowers bind them together and set them in the ground in good mould and you shall have them various in one stock Obser 1. Put Rosemary in Juniper and it will endure the Winter the better and smell more fragrantly Obser 2. To make Parsly spring up in few hours steep the seed in sweet milk and straw your bed you mean to sow with unquenc'd Lime upon it three times then sow your feed and strew once more of your Lime upon it and upon that earth well prepared then water it well with temperat Muck water as followeth and you may according to discretion enjoy your expectation Obser 3. Lay Beans and Pease in warm Oyl or in the best Muck water let them lye nine daies then dry them and in the mean time to try them you may be assured that what you set in any mans presence they shall spring up in few hours or in a short time Obser 4. To make white Lillies become red you must very neatly open the clifts of the roots and fill the same with any red colour then set them in fat dunged earth Obser 5. Bore holes in Bay-berries and put into every hole the seed of Artichoaks wrap them in dung and put them into the ground whence come such sweet and pleasant Artichoaks that better were never eaten The like may be if you steep seeds three daies in sweet smelling water when you set your Cabbage Plants wrap them at the roots round about with fresh Cows muck and when they are ripe they will smell most delicioufly like Musk and thrive exceedingly Obser 6. If Roses and Lillies be planted nigh together or that they touch one another the flowers of them will smell the more curiously and thrive the better Obser 7. Gather green Beans from the stalks being ripe and fully grown and ready to eat then immediatly cut off the stalks within a handfull of the root and if the weather be dry apply unto the roots some of your muck water and more branches will shortly spring out whereupon will spring forth new Beans more plentifull and rather better than before whereby you may have near three-fold encreafe and two several gatherings of Beans in one year but by any means take heed that the first gathering and cutting away of the stalks be when the stalks be green and it is verily believed that Pease will do the like Obser 8. Gather Roses when they be ripe and presently cut away the new sprung tops and the uppermost branches of that year and you shall have new fresh Roses grow again out of the same ear about Michaelmas the more plentiful by applying the Muck water seasonably to the roots Graft Roses in the bud upon sweet Bryer and they will smell most deliciously The roots of Roses with their slips and knots removed and set amongst Broom will bring forth yellow Roses Chap. 20. To preserve Chesnuts and keep them sound LAy them together with Wallnuts and they will drink up and consume the humours whereby they corrupt and will not suffer them to be moldy I remember about thirty years since I set at least half a peck of choice Filberts in a Garden on dry sandy borders and finding not one of them to come up at the latter end of the year I caused the banks to be digged up again where I found all my Filberts fresh full and as pleasant to eat as at any time before whence you may learn that burying them in fresh sand you may preserve them fresh for your cating all the year especially being kept in the Ground in an earthen pot so may you use Wallnuts and small nuts and the reason why the Fillberts came not up was for want of moysture therefore the muck water following wil be of excellent use c. Chap. 21 ELm tree chips set in Ditches will in a short time become young Trees and make a very good fence and the slips that grow from the roots of Elms being taing off will grow to great perfection in few years Wild Oats destroyed only by wheat fallow Chap. 22. To keep Cloaths from Moaths SEeth the Dregs or mother or fome of Oyl to the half and therwith anoint the bottom corners and feet of any Chest or Press and the Cloaths that you lay therein will be freefrom any hurt with Moaths but before you put the Cloaths in the Chest or Press it must be dry Obser 1. Provide store of Wallnut leaves and hang them upon thred one distant from another when they are throughly dry strip them in the Chest or amongst the other Cloaths and beds and within the folds of every Garment lay Wormwood or Lavender amongst the Cloaths and they will be safe from Moaths Obser 2. The branches of Bay-rres wrapt