what_o concern_v vine_n and_o olive-tree_n to_o be_v find_v in_o cato_n de_fw-fr r.r._n etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v it_o here_o that_o we_o design_v to_o enlarge_v as_o those_o who_o have_v philologize_v on_o this_o occasion_n de_fw-fr sycophantis_fw-la and_o other_o curious_a criticism_n but_o pass_v now_o on_o and_o confine_v myself_o to_o the_o prudent_a sanction_n of_o our_o own_o parliament_n for_o though_o according_a to_o the_o old_a and_o best_a spirit_n of_o true_a english_a we_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o powerful_o lead_v by_o his_o majesty_n example_n than_o to_o have_v need_n of_o more_o cogent_n and_o violent_a law_n yet_o that_o our_o discourse_n may_v be_v as_o ample_a and_o as_o little_a defective_a as_o we_o can_v render_v it_o something_o it_o be_v fit_a shall_v be_v speak_v concern_v such_o law_n and_o ordinance_n as_o have_v be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n constitute_v among_o we_o for_o the_o encouragement_n and_o direction_n of_o such_o as_o do_v well_o as_o for_o the_o animadversion_n and_o punishment_n of_o those_o who_o continue_v refractory_a which_o i_o deduce_v in_o this_o order_n 3._o from_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o be_v enact_v many_o excellent_a law_n for_o the_o plant_v secure_v cut_v and_o order_v of_o wood_n copse_n and_o under_o wood_n as_o than_o they_o take_v cognizance_n of_o they_o together_o with_o the_o several_a penalty_n upon_o the_o infringer_n especial_o from_o the_o 25_o of_o hen._n 8_o 17._o etc._n etc._n confirm_v by_o the_o 13_o and_o 27._o of_o q_o eliz._n cap._n 25.19_o etc._n etc._n which_o be_v diligent_o to_o be_v consult_v revive_v put_v in_o execution_n and_o enlarge_v where_o any_o defect_n be_v apparent_a as_o in_o particular_a the_o act_n of_o exempt_n of_o timber_n of_o 22_o year_n growth_n from_o tithe_n for_o a_o long_a period_n to_o render_v it_o complete_a and_o more_o effectual_a to_o their_o improvement_n and_o that_o law_n repeal_v by_o which_o willow_n sallow_n oziers_n &c._n &c._n which_o they_o term_v sub-bois_a be_v repute_v but_o as_o weed_n 4._o severe_a punishment_n have_v late_o be_v ordain_v against_o our_o wood-stealer_n destroyer_n of_o young_a tree_n etc._n etc._n by_o a_o ancient_a law_n of_o some_o nation_n i_o read_v he_o forfeit_v his_o hand_n who_o behead_v a_o tree_n without_o permission_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o i_o can_v say_v they_o be_v sharp_a one_o when_o i_o compare_v the_o severity_n of_o our_o law_n against_o mare_n stealer_n nor_o be_o i_o by_o inclination_n the_o least_o cruel_a but_o i_o do_v affirm_v we_o may_v as_o well_o live_v without_o mare_n as_o without_o mast_n and_o ship_n which_o be_v our_o wooden_a but_o no_o less_o profitable_a horse_n 5._o and_o here_o we_o can_v but_o perstringe_v those_o royotous_a assembly_n of_o idle_a people_n who_o under_o pretence_n of_o go_v a_o may_v as_o they_o term_v it_o do_v oftentimes_o cut_v down_o and_o carry_v away_o fine_a straight_a tree_n to_o set_v up_o before_o some_o alehouse_n or_o revelling-place_n where_o they_o keep_v their_o drunken_a bacchanalia_n for_o though_o this_o custom_n be_v i_o read_v introduce_v by_o the_o emperor_n anastasius_n to_o abolish_v the_o gentil_n majana_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o ostia_n which_o be_v to_o transfer_v a_o great_a oaken-tree_n out_o of_o some_o forest_n into_o the_o town_n and_o erect_v it_o before_o their_o mistress_n door_n yet_o i_o think_v it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v quite_o abolish_v among_o we_o for_o many_o reason_n beside_o that_o of_o occasion_v so_o much_o waste_v and_o spoil_v as_o we_o find_v be_v do_v to_o tree_n at_o that_o season_n under_o this_o wanton_a pretence_n by_o break_v mangle_a and_o tear_v down_o of_o branch_n and_o entire_a arm_n of_o tree_n to_o adorn_v their_o wooden-idol_n the_o imperial_a law_n against_o such_o disorder_n we_o have_v in_o l._n ob_fw-la id_fw-la sl_z ad_fw-la legem_fw-la aquill_n &_o in_o ff_n l._n 47._o tit._n 7._o arborem_fw-la furtim_fw-la caesarum_fw-la see_v also_o triphon_n l._n ig_a de_fw-fr bon._n off_o cont_n tab_v well_o in_o ligna_fw-la focaria_fw-la l._n ligni_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr lege_fw-la 3._o etc._n etc._n to_o these_o i_o may_v add_v the_o law_n of_o our_o king_n inas_fw-la or_o as_o the_o learned_a lambert_n call_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d de_fw-fr priscis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la who_o title_n be_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o burn_a tree_n the_o sanction_n run_v thus_o if_o any_o one_o set_v fire_n of_o a_o fell_v wood_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v and_o beside_o pay_v three_o pound_n and_o for_o those_o who_o clandestine_o cut_v wood_n of_o which_o the_o very_a sound_n of_o the_o axe_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a conviction_n for_o every_o tree_n he_o shall_v be_v mulct_v thirty_o shilling_n a_o tree_n so_o fell_v under_o who_o shadow_n thirty_o hog_n can_v stand_v shall_v be_v mulct_v at_o three_o pound_n etc._n etc._n 6._o i_o have_v hear_v that_o in_o the_o great_a expedition_n of_o 88_o it_o be_v express_o enjoin_v the_o spanish_a commander_n of_o that_o signal_n armada_n that_o if_o when_o land_v they_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o subdue_v our_o nation_n and_o make_v good_a their_o conquest_n they_o shall_v yet_o be_v sure_a not_o to_o leave_v a_o tree_n stand_v in_o the_o forest_n of_o dean_n it_o be_v like_o the_o policy_n of_o the_o philistine_n when_o the_o poor_a israelite_n go_v down_o to_o their_o enemy_n smith_n to_o sharpen_v every_o man_n his_o tool_n for_o as_o they_o say_v lest_o the_o hebrew_n make_v they_o sword_n or_o spear_n so_o these_o lest_o the_o english_a build_v they_o ship_n and_o man_n of_o war_n whether_o this_o be_v so_o or_o not_o certain_a it_o be_v we_o can_v be_v too_o jealous_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o our_o wood_n and_o especial_o of_o those_o eminent_a and_o with_o care_n inexhaustible_a magazine_n i_o dare_v not_o suggest_v the_o encouragement_n of_o a_o yet_o far_o restraint_n that_o even_o proprietor_n themselves_o shall_v not_o presume_v to_o make_v havoc_n of_o some_o of_o their_o own_o wood_n to_o feed_v their_o prodigality_n and_o heap_v fuel_n to_o their_o vice_n but_o it_o be_v worthy_a of_o our_o observation_n that_o in_o that_o inimitable_a oration_n the_o second_o philippic_n cicero_n do_v not_o so_o sharp_o reproach_v his_o great_a antagonist_n for_o any_o other_o of_o his_o extravagancy_n which_o yet_o he_o there_o enumerate_v as_o for_o his_o wasteful_a disposure_n of_o certain_a wood-land_n belong_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n among_o his_o jovial_a bravo_n and_o lewd_a companion_n tua_fw-la ista_fw-la detrimenta_fw-la sunt_fw-la mean_v his_o debauch_n illa_fw-la nostra_fw-la speak_v of_o the_o timber_n 7._o but_o to_o the_o law_n it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o our_o tender_a and_o improvable_a wood_n shall_v not_o admit_v of_o cattle_n by_o any_o mean_n till_o they_o be_v quite_o grow_v out_o of_o reach_n the_o statute_n which_o connive_v at_o it_o in_o favour_n of_o custom_n and_o for_o the_o satisfy_n of_o a_o few_o clamorous_a and_o rude_a commoner_n be_v too_o indulgent_a since_o it_o be_v very_o evident_a that_o less_o than_o a_o 14._o or_o 15._o year_n enclosure_n be_v in_o most_o place_n too_o soon_o and_o our_o most_o material_a tree_n will_v be_v of_o infinite_a more_o worth_a and_o improvement_n be_v the_o standard_n suffer_v to_o grow_v to_o timber_n and_o not_o so_o frequent_o cut_v at_o the_o next_o fell_n of_o the_o wood_n as_o the_o general_a custom_n be_v in_o 22_o edw._n 4._o the_o liberty_n arrive_v but_o to_o seven_o year_n after_o a_o fell_n of_o a_o forest_n or_o purlieu_n and_o but_o three_o year_n before_o without_o special_a licence_n this_o be_v very_o narrow_a but_o let_v we_o then_o look_v on_o england_n as_o a_o overgrow_a country_n 8._o wood_n in_o park_n be_v afterward_o to_o be_v four_o year_n fence_v upon_o fell_v and_o yearling_n colt_n and_o calf_n may_v be_v put_v into_o enclose_a wood_n after_o two_o by_o the_o 13_o eliz._n five_o year_n and_o no_o other_o cattle_n till_o six_o if_o the_o growth_n be_v under_o fourteen_o year_n or_o until_o eight_o if_o exceed_v that_o age_n till_o the_o last_o fell_n all_o which_o statute_n be_v by_o the_o act_n of_o hen._n 8._o but_o temporal_a this_o parliament_n of_o eliz._n thought_n fit_a to_o make_v perpetual_a 9_o then_o to_o prevent_v the_o destructive_a raze_n and_o convert_v of_o wood_n to_o pasture_n no_o wood_n of_o two_o acre_n and_o above_o two_o furlong_n from_o the_o mansion_n house_n shall_v be_v indulge_v and_o the_o prohibition_n be_v good_a against_o assart_n make_v in_o forest_n etc._n etc._n without_o licence_n the_o penalty_n be_v indeed_o great_a but_o how_o seldom_o inflict_v and_o what_o be_v now_o more_o easy_a than_o compound_v for_o such_o a_o licence_n in_o some_o part_n of_o germany_n where_o a_o single_a tree_n be_v
seed_n which_o we_o intend_v to_o sow_o have_v be_v already_o advise_v for_o it_o have_v be_v see_v that_o wood_n of_o the_o same_o age_n plant_v in_o the_o same_o soil_n discover_v a_o visible_a difference_n in_o the_o timber_n and_o growth_n and_o where_o this_o variety_n shall_v happen_v if_o not_o from_o the_o seed_n will_v be_v hard_a to_o interpret_v therefore_o let_v the_o place_n soil_n and_o growth_n of_o such_o tree_n from_o whence_o you_o have_v your_o seed_n be_v diligent_o examine_v and_o why_o not_o this_o as_o well_o as_o in_o our_o care_n of_o animal_n for_o our_o breed_n and_o store_n 11._o as_o to_o the_o form_n obey_v the_o natural_a site_n and_o submit_v to_o the_o several_a guize_n but_o ever_o decline_v to_o enclose_v high_a way_n and_o common-road_n as_o much_o as_o possible_a for_o the_o rest_n be_v please_v to_o reflect_v on_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v to_o encourage_v the_o plant_v of_o the_o large_a spread_a oak_n above_o all_o that_o species_n the_o amplitude_n of_o the_o distance_n which_o they_o require_v resign_v to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o verderer_n for_o graze_a cattle_n deer_n etc._n etc._n and_o for_o the_o great_a and_o masculine_a beauty_n which_o a_o wild_a quincunx_fw-la as_o it_o be_v of_o such_o tree_n will_v present_v to_o your_o eye_n 12._o but_o to_o advance_v his_o majesty_n forest_n to_o this_o height_n of_o perfection_n i_o shall_v again_o urge_v the_o removal_n of_o some_o of_o our_o most_o mischievous_o place_v iron_n mill_n if_o that_o at_o least_o be_v true_a which_o some_o have_v affirm_v that_o we_o have_v better_a iron_n and_o cheap_a from_o foreigner_n when_o those_o work_n be_v stranger_n among_o we_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o the_o new-english_a who_o be_v now_o become_v very_o numerous_a and_o hinder_v in_o their_o advance_n and_o prospect_n of_o the_o continent_n by_o their_o surfeit_n of_o the_o wood_n which_o we_o want_v do_v about_o twelve_o year_n since_o begin_v to_o clear_v their_o high_a way_n by_o two_o iron-mill_n i_o be_o sure_a their_o zeal_n have_v sufficient_o waste_v our_o stately_a wood_n and_o steel_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o their_o mother_n old_a england_n and_o it_o be_v now_o but_o expedient_a their_o brethren_n shall_v hasten_v thither_o to_o supply_v we_o with_o iron_n for_o the_o peace_n of_o our_o day_n whilst_o his_o majesty_n become_v the_o great_a sovereign_n of_o the_o ocean_n free_a commerce_n nemorum_fw-la vindex_n &_o instaurator_n magnus_fw-la this_o be_v the_o only_a way_n to_o render_v both_o our_o country_n habitable_a indeed_o and_o the_o fit_a sacrifice_n for_o the_o royal_a oak_n and_o their_o hamadryad_n to_o who_o they_o owe_v more_o than_o a_o sleight_n submission_n and_o he_o that_o shall_v deep_o consider_v the_o prodigious_a waste_n which_o these_o voracious_a iron_n and_o glasse-work_n have_v former_o make_v but_o in_o one_o county_n alone_o the_o county_n of_o sussex_n for_o 120_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o thirty_o in_o breadth_n for_o so_o wide_a and_o spacious_a be_v the_o ancient_a andradswald_n of_o old_a one_o entire_a wood_n but_o of_o which_o there_o remain_v now_o little_a or_o no_o sign_n will_v be_v touch_v with_o no_o mean_a indignation_n certain_o the_o goodly_a river_n and_o forest_n of_o the_o other_o world_n will_v much_o better_o become_v our_o iron_n and_o saw-mill_n than_o these_o exhaust_a country_n and_o we_o prove_v gainer_n by_o the_o timely_a removal_n i_o have_v say_v this_o already_o and_o i_o can_v too_o often_o inculcate_v it_o for_o the_o concern_v of_o a_o nation_n who_o only_a protection_n under_o god_n be_v her_o wooden_a wall_n 13._o another_o thing_n to_o be_v recommend_v and_o which_o will_v prove_v no_o less_o than_o thirty_o year_n in_o some_o place_n forty_o and_o general_o twenty_o year_n advance_v be_v a_o good_a if_o well_o execute_v act_n to_o save_v our_o standard_n and_o borduring_a tree_n from_o the_o axe_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n and_o who_o will_v not_o preserve_v timber_n when_o within_o so_o few_o year_n the_o price_n be_v almost_o quadruple_v i_o assure_v you_o standard_n of_o twenty_o thirty_o or_o forty_o year_n growth_n be_v of_o a_o long_a day_n for_o the_o concernment_n of_o a_o nation_n 14._o and_o though_o we_o have_v in_o our_o general_a chapter_n of_o copse_n declare_v what_o by_o our_o law_n and_o common_a usage_n be_v expect_v at_o every_o fall_v and_o which_o be_v indeed_o most_o requisite_a till_o our_o store_n be_v otherwise_o supply_v yet_o may_v much_o even_o of_o that_o rigour_n be_v abate_v by_o no_o unfrugal_a permission_n to_o take_v down_o more_o of_o the_o standard_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o vnderwood_n especial_o where_o by_o over_o drop_v and_o shade_n they_o interrupt_v the_o kindly_a dew_n rains_n and_o influence_n which_o nourish_v they_o provide_v that_o there_o be_v a_o proportionable_a number_n of_o timber-tree_n due_o and_o thorough_o plant_v and_o preserve_v in_o the_o hedgerow_n and_o bordure_n of_o our_o ground_n in_o which_o case_n even_o the_o total_a clear_n of_o some_o copse_n will_v be_v to_o their_o great_a advance_n as_o by_o sad_a experience_n have_v be_v teach_v some_o good_a husband_n who_o necessity_n sometime_o force_v they_o to_o violate_v their_o standard_n and_o more_o grow_v tree_n during_o the_o late_a tyranny_n 15._o nor_o will_v it_o be_v here_o unseasonable_a to_o advise_v that_o where_o tree_n be_v manifest_o perceive_v to_o decay_v they_o be_v mark_v out_o for_o the_o axe_n that_o so_o the_o young_a may_v come_v on_o for_o a_o supply_n especial_o where_o they_o be_v chief_o elm_n because_o their_o successor_n hasten_v to_o their_o height_n and_o perfection_n in_o a_o competent_a time_n but_o begin_v once_o to_o grow_v sick_a of_o age_n or_o other_o infirmity_n sudden_o impair_v and_o lose_v much_o of_o their_o value_n yearly_o beside_o that_o the_o increase_n of_o this_o and_o other_o speedy_a timber_n will_v spare_v the_o more_o oak_n for_o navigation_n and_o the_o sturdy_a use_n how_o goodly_a a_o sight_n be_v it_o if_o most_o of_o the_o demesne_n of_o our_o country_n gentleman_n be_v crown_v and_o encircle_v with_o such_o stately_a row_n of_o limb_n fir_n elm_n and_o other_o ample_a shady_a and_o venerable_a tree_n as_o adorn_v new-hall_n in_o essex_n the_o seat_n of_o that_o suffolk_n knight_n near_o yarmouth_n and_o our_o neighbour_a pasture_n at_o barnes_n yet_o be_v these_o plantation_n but_o of_o late_a year_n in_o comparison_n it_o be_v a_o noble_a and_o immortal_a providence_n to_o imitate_v these_o good_a husband_n in_o large_a and_o more_o august_a plantation_n of_o such_o useful_a tree_n for_o timber_n and_o fuel_n as_o well_o as_o for_o shade_n and_o ornament_n to_o our_o dwelling_n 16._o but_o these_o incomparable_a undertake_n will_v best_o of_o all_o become_v the_o inspection_n and_o care_n of_o the_o honourable_a lieutenant_n and_o ranger_n when_o they_o delight_v themselves_o as_o much_o in_o the_o goodliness_n of_o their_o tree_n as_o other_o man_n general_o do_v in_o their_o dog_n and_o horse_n for_o race_n and_o hunt_v neither_o of_o which_o recreation_n be_v comparable_a to_o that_o of_o plant_v either_o for_o virtue_n or_o pleasure_n be_v thing_n just_o consider_v according_a to_o their_o true_a estimation_n not_o yet_o that_o i_o be_o of_o so_o morose_v a_o humour_n that_o i_o reprove_v any_o of_o those_o noble_a and_o manly_a diversion_n seasonable_o use_v but_o because_o i_o will_v court_v the_o industry_n of_o great_a and_o opulent_a person_n to_o profitable_a and_o permanent_a delight_n for_o suppose_v that_o ambition_n be_v change_v into_o a_o laudable_a emulation_n who_o shall_v best_o and_o with_o most_o artifice_n raise_v a_o plantation_n of_o tree_n that_o shall_v have_v all_o the_o proper_a ornament_n and_o perfection_n their_o nature_n be_v susceptible_a of_o by_o their_o direction_n and_o encouragement_n such_o as_o aelian_a sum_n up_o lib._n 3._o c._n 14._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n kind_n and_o gentle_a limb_n plenty_n of_o large_a leaf_n a_o ample_a and_o fair_a body_n profound_a or_o spread_a root_n strong_a against_o impetuous_a wind_n for_o so_o i_o affect_v to_o read_v it_o extensive_a and_o venerable_a shade_n and_o the_o like_a methinks_v there_o be_v as_o much_o a_o subject_n of_o glory_n as_o can_v be_v phancy_v of_o the_o kind_n and_o comparable_a i_o dare_v pronounce_v preferable_a to_o any_o of_o their_o recreation_n and_o how_o goodly_a a_o ornament_n to_o their_o demesne_n and_o dwelling_n let_v their_o own_o eye_n be_v the_o judge_n 17._o one_o encouragement_n more_o i_o will_v reinforce_v from_o a_o history_n i_o have_v read_v of_o a_o certain_a frugal_a and_o most_o industrious_a italian_a nobleman_n who_o after_o his_o lady_n be_v bring_v to_o bed_n of_o a_o daughter_n consider_v that_o wood_n and_o timber_n be_v a_o revenue_n come_v on_o
husbandman_n be_v perfect_o skill_v in_o it_o 10._o the_o root_n of_o a_o old_a thorn_n be_v excellent_a both_o for_o box_n and_o comb_n and_o be_v curious_o and_o natural_o wrought_v i_o have_v read_v that_o they_o make_v rib_n to_o some_o small_a boat_n or_o vessel_n with_o the_o white-thorn_n the_o black-crab_n right_o season_v and_o treat_v be_v famous_a for_o walking-stave_n and_o if_o overgrow_a use_v in_o mill-work_n here_o we_o owe_v due_a elegy_n to_o the_o industry_n of_o that_o honourable_a person_n my_o lord_n ashley_n who_o have_v teach_v we_o to_o make_v such_o enclosure_n of_o crab-stock_n only_o plant_v close_o to_o one_o another_o as_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o impregnable_a and_o become_a or_o you_o may_v sow_v sider-kernel_n in_o a_o rill_n and_o fence_v it_o for_o a_o while_n with_o a_o double_a dry_a hedge_n not_o only_o for_o a_o sudden_a and_o beautiful_a but_o a_o very_a profitable_a enclosure_n because_o among_o other_o benefit_n they_o will_v yield_v you_o sider-fruit_n in_o abundance_n but_o in_o devonshire_n they_o build_v two_o wall_n with_o their_o stone_n set_v they_o edge-way_n two_o and_o then_o one_o between_o and_o so_o as_o it_o rise_v fill_v the_o interval_n or_o cofer_n with_o earth_n the_o breadth_n and_o height_n as_o you_o please_v and_o continue_v the_o stonework_n and_o fill_v and_o as_o you_o work_v beat_v in_o the_o stone_n flat_a to_o the_o side_n which_o cause_v they_o to_o stick_v everlasting_o this_o be_v absolute_o the_o neat_a most_o save_v and_o profitable_a fence_a imaginable_a where_o slaty_a stone_n be_v in_o any_o abundance_n and_o it_o become_v not_o only_o the_o most_o secure_a to_o the_o land_n but_o the_o best_a for_o cattle_n to_o lie_v warm_a under_o the_o wall_n when_o other_o hedge_n be_v they_o never_o so_o thick_a admit_v of_o some_o cold_a wind_n in_o winter_n time_n that_o the_o leaf_n be_v of_o upon_o these_o bank_n they_o plant_v not_o only_o quick_a set_n but_o even_o timber-tree_n which_o exceed_o thrive_v be_v out_o of_o all_o danger_n 11._o the_o pyracanth_n paliurus_n and_o like_o pretios_a sort_n of_o thorn_n may_v easy_o be_v propagate_v into_o plenty_n sufficient_a to_o store_n even_o these_o vulgar_a use_v be_v man_n industrious_a and_o then_o how_o beautiful_a and_o sweet_a will_v the_o environ_n of_o our_o field_n be_v for_o there_o be_v none_o of_o the_o spinous_a shrub_n more_o hardy_a nor_o fit_a for_o our_o defence_n thus_o may_v berbery_n now_o and_o then_o be_v also_o insert_v among_o our_o hedge_n which_o with_o the_o hip_n haw_n and_o cornel-berry_n do_v well_o in_o light_a land_n and_o will_v rather_o be_v plant_v to_o the_o south_n than_o north_n or_o west_n as_o usual_o we_o observe_v they_o 13._o some_o as_o we_o note_v mingle_v their_o very_a hedge_n with_o oakling_n ash_n and_o fruit_n tree_n sow_v or_o plant_v and_o it_o be_v a_o laudable_a improvement_n though_o other_o do_v rather_o recommend_v to_o we_o set_v of_o all_o one_o sort_n and_o will_v not_o so_o much_o as_o admit_v of_o the_o blackthorn_n to_o be_v mingle_v with_o the_o white_a because_o of_o their_o unequal_a progress_n and_o indeed_o timber-tree_n set_v in_o the_o hedge_n though_o contemporary_n with_o it_o do_v frequent_o wear_v it_o out_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v rather_o encourage_v such_o plantation_n to_o be_v at_o some_o yard_n near_o the_o verges_z than_o perpendicular_o in_o they_o 14._o in_o cornwall_n they_o secure_v their_o land_n and_o wood_n with_o high_a mound_n and_o on_o they_o they_o plant_v acorn_n who_o root_n bind_v in_o the_o loose_a mould_n and_o so_o form_v a_o double_a and_o most_o durable_a fence_n encircle_v the_o field_n with_o a_o coronet_n of_o tree_n they_o do_v likewise_o and_o that_o with_o great_a commendation_n make_v hedge_n of_o our_o genista_fw-la spinosa_n prickly_a furze_n of_o which_o they_o have_v a_o tall_a sort_n furze_n such_o as_o the_o french_a employ_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n in_o bretaigne_n where_o they_o be_v incomparable_a husband_n 15._o it_o be_v to_o be_v sow_v which_o be_v best_a or_o plant_v of_o the_o root_n in_o a_o furrow_n if_o sow_v weed_v till_o it_o be_v strong_a both_o tonsile_n and_o to_o be_v diligent_o clip_v which_o will_v render_v it_o very_o thick_a a_o excellent_a and_o beautiful_a hedge_n otherwise_o permit_v to_o grow_v at_o large_a it_o will_v yield_v very_o good_a faggot_n it_o be_v likewise_o admirable_a covert_n for_o wildfowl_n and_o will_v be_v make_v to_o grow_v even_o in_o moist_a as_o well_o as_o dry_a place_n the_o young_a and_o tender_a top_n of_o furze_n be_v a_o little_a bruise_v and_o give_v to_o a_o lean_a sickly_a horse_n will_v strange_o recover_v and_o plump_a he_o thus_o in_o some_o place_n they_o sow_v in_o barren_a ground_n when_o they_o lie_v they_o down_o the_o last_o crop_n with_o this_o seed_n and_o so_o let_v they_o remain_v till_o they_o break_v they_o up_o again_o and_o during_o that_o interim_n reap_v considerable_a advantage_n will_v you_o believe_v write_v a_o worthy_a correspondent_n of_o i_o that_o in_o herefordshire_n famous_a for_o plenty_n of_o wood_n their_o thicket_n of_o furze_n viz._n the_o vulgar_a shall_v yield_v they_o more_o profit_n than_o a_o like_a quantity_n of_o the_o best_a wheat_n land_n of_o england_n for_o such_o be_v they_o if_o this_o be_v question_v the_o scene_n be_v within_o a_o mile_n of_o hereford_n and_o prove_v by_o anniversary_n experience_n in_o the_o land_n as_o i_o take_v it_o of_o a_o gentleman_n who_o be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o burgess_n for_o that_o city_n and_o in_o devonshire_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o best_a husband_n in_o the_o world_n they_o sow_v on_o their_o worst_a land_n well_o plow_v the_o seed_n of_o the_o rank_a furze_n which_o in_o four_o or_o five_o year_n become_v a_o rich_a wood_n no_o provender_n as_o we_o say_v make_v horse_n so_o hardy_a as_o the_o young_a top_n of_o these_o furze_n no_o other_o wood_n so_o thick_a nor_o more_o excellent_a fuel_n and_o for_o some_o purpose_n also_o yield_v they_o a_o kind_n of_o timber_n to_o their_o more_o humble_a building_n and_o a_o great_a refuge_n for_o fowl_n and_o other_o game_n i_o be_o assure_v in_o bretaigne_n it_o be_v sometime_o sow_v no_o less_o than_o twelve_o yard_n thick_a for_o a_o speedy_a profitable_a and_o impenetrable_a mound_n if_o we_o imitate_v this_o husbandry_n in_o the_o barren_a place_n of_o surrey_n and_o other_o part_n of_o this_o nation_n we_o may_v exceed_o spare_v our_o wood_n and_o i_o have_v buy_v the_o best_a sort_n of_o french_a seed_n at_o the_o shop_n in_o london_n it_o seem_v that_o in_o the_o more_o eastern_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o especial_o in_o poland_n this_o vulgar_a trifle_n and_o even_o our_o common_a broom_n be_v so_o rare_a that_o they_o have_v desire_v the_o seed_n of_o they_o out_o of_o england_n and_o preserve_v they_o with_o extraordinary_a care_n in_o their_o best_a garden_n this_o i_o learn_v out_o of_o our_o jonson_n herbal_a by_o which_o we_o may_v consider_v that_o what_o be_v repute_v a_o curse_n and_o a_o cumber_v in_o some_o place_n be_v esteem_v the_o ornament_n and_o blessing_n of_o another_o but_o we_o shall_v not_o need_v go_v so_o far_o for_o this_o since_o both_o beech_n and_o birch_n be_v almost_o as_o great_a stranger_n in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o nation_n particular_o northampton_n and_o oxfordshire_n broom_n 15._o this_o put_v i_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o broom_n another_o improvement_n for_o barren_a ground_n and_o saver_n of_o more_o substantial_a fuel_n it_o may_v be_v sow_v english_a or_o what_o be_v more_o sweet_a and_o beautiful_a the_o spanish_a with_o equal_a success_n in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o france_n and_o cornwall_n it_o grow_v with_o we_o to_o a_o incredible_a height_n however_o our_o poet_n give_v it_o the_o epithet_n of_o humilis_fw-la and_o so_o it_o seem_v they_o have_v it_o of_o old_a as_o appear_v by_o gratius_n his_o genistae_fw-la altinate_v with_o which_o as_o he_o affirm_v they_o use_v to_o make_v staff_n for_o their_o spear_n and_o hunt_a dart_n elder_n 16._o last_o a_o considerable_a fence_n may_v be_v make_v of_o the_o elder_a set_v of_o reasonable_a lusty_a truncheon_n much_o like_o the_o willow_n and_o as_o i_o have_v see_v they_o maintain_v lay_v with_o great_a curiosity_n and_o far_o excel_v those_o extravagant_a plantation_n of_o they_o about_o london_n where_o the_o lop_v be_v permit_v to_o grow_v without_o due_a and_o skilful_a lay_n there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o elder_n which_o have_v hardly_o any_o pith_n this_o make_v exceed_o stout_a fence_n and_o the_o timber_n very_o useful_a for_o clog_n of_o mill_n butcher_n skewer_n and_o such_o tough_a employment_n old_a tree_n do_v in_o time_n become_v firm_a and_o close_o up_o the_o hollowness_n to_o a_o almost_o invisible_a pith_n
more_o watery_a sap_n which_o haste_v from_o all_o part_n towards_o the_o middle_n be_v convey_v by_o the_o forementioned_a gutter_n into_o the_o barrel_n or_o vessel_n place_v to_o receive_v it_o thus_o the_o whole_a art_n of_o tarmaking_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o kind_n of_o rude_a distillation_n per_fw-la descensum_fw-la and_o may_v therefore_o be_v as_o well_o do_v in_o furnace_n of_o large_a capacity_n be_v it_o worth_a the_o expense_n when_o the_o tar_n be_v now_o all_o melt_v out_o and_o run_v they_o stop_v up_o all_o the_o vent_v very_o close_o and_o afterward_o find_v the_o knot_n make_v into_o excellent_a char-coal_n prefer_v by_o the_o smith_n before_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o which_o be_v make_v of_o wood_n and_o nothing_o so_o apt_a to_o burn_v out_o when_o their_o blast_n cease_v neither_o do_v they_o sparkle_v in_o the_o fire_n as_o many_o other_o sort_n of_o coal_n do_v so_o as_o in_o defect_n of_o sea-coal_n they_o make_v choice_n of_o this_o as_o best_a for_o their_o use_n and_o give_v great_a price_n for_o it_o of_o these_o knot_n likewise_o do_v the_o planter_n split_v out_o small_a sliver_v about_o the_o thickness_n of_o one_o finger_n or_o somewhat_o thin_a which_o serve_v they_o to_o burn_v in_o stead_n of_o candle_n give_v a_o very_a good_a light_n this_o they_o call_v candle-wood_n and_o it_o be_v in_o mucâ—_n use_v both_o in_o new-england_n virginia_n and_o among_o the_o dutch_a planter_n in_o their_o village_n but_o for_o that_o it_o be_v something_o offensive_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o much_o fuliginous_a smoke_n which_o come_v from_o it_o they_o common_o burn_v it_o in_o the_o chimney-corner_n upon_o a_o flat_a stone_n or_o iron_n except_o occasional_o they_o carry_v a_o single_a stick_n in_o their_o hand_n as_o there_o be_v need_n of_o light_a to_o go_v about_o the_o house_n it_o must_v not_o be_v conceive_v by_o what_o we_o have_v mention_v in_o the_o former_a description_n of_o the_o knot_n that_o they_o be_v only_o to_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n by_o devour_a time_n or_o that_o they_o be_v the_o only_a material_n out_o of_o which_o tar_n can_v be_v extract_v for_o there_o be_v in_o these_o tract_n million_o of_o tree_n which_o abound_v with_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o knot_n and_o full_a of_o turpentine_n fit_a to_o make_v tar_n but_o the_o labour_n of_o fell_v these_o tree_n and_o of_o cut_v out_o their_o knot_n will_v far_o exceed_v the_o value_n of_o the_o tar_n especial_o in_o country_n where_o workman_n be_v so_o very_o dear_a but_o those_o knot_n above_o mention_v be_v provide_v to_o hand_n without_o any_o other_o labour_n then_o the_o gather_v only_o there_o be_v sometime_o find_v of_o those_o sort_n of_o pine-tree_n the_o low_a part_n of_o who_o stem_n towards_o the_o root_n be_v as_o full_a of_o turpentine_n as_o the_o knot_n and_o of_o these_o also_o may_v tar_n be_v make_v but_o such_o tree_n be_v rare_o find_v be_v common_o preserve_v to_o split_v into_o candle-wood_n because_o they_o will_v be_v easy_o rive_v out_o into_o any_o length_n and_o scantling_n desire_v much_o better_a than_o the_o knot_n there_o be_v who_o pretend_v a_o art_n of_o as_o full_o impregnate_v the_o body_n of_o any_o live_a pinetree_n for_o six_o or_o eight_o foot_n high_a and_o some_o have_v report_v that_o such_o a_o art_n be_v practise_v in_o norway_n but_o upon_o several_a experiment_n by_o girdle_v the_o tree_n as_o they_o call_v it_o and_o cut_v some_o of_o the_o bark_n round_o and_o a_o little_a into_o the_o wood_n of_o the_o tree_n six_o or_o eight_o foot_n distant_a from_o the_o ground_n it_o have_v yet_o never_o succeed_v whether_o the_o just_a season_n of_o the_o year_n be_v not_o observe_v or_o what_o else_o omit_v be_v worth_a the_o disquisition_n if_o at_o least_o there_o be_v any_o such_o secret_a among_o the_o norwegian_n swede_n or_o any_o other_o nation_n of_o tar_n by_o boil_v it_o to_o a_o sufficient_a height_n be_v pitch_n make_v and_o in_o some_o place_n where_o rosin_n be_v plentiful_a a_o fit_a proportion_n of_o that_o may_v be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o tar_n while_o it_o be_v boil_v and_o this_o mixture_n be_v soon_o convert_v to_o pitch_n but_o it_o be_v of_o somewhat_o a_o differ_a kind_n from_o that_o which_o be_v make_v of_o tar_n only_o without_o other_o composition_n there_o be_v a_o way_n which_o some_o ship-carpenter_n in_o those_o country_n have_v use_v to_o bring_v their_o tar_n into_o pitch_n for_o any_o sudden_a use_n by_o make_v the_o tar_n so_o very_o hot_a in_o a_o iron-kettle_n that_o it_o will_v easy_o take_v fire_n which_o when_o blaze_v and_o set_v in_o a_o airy_a place_n they_o let_v burn_v so_o long_o till_o by_o take_v out_o some_o small_a quantity_n for_o trial_n be_v cold_a it_o appear_v of_o a_o sufficient_a consistence_n then_o by_o cover_v the_o kettle_n close_o the_o fire_n be_v extinguish_v and_o the_o pitch_n be_v make_v without_o more_o ceremony_n there_o be_v a_o process_n of_o make_v rosin_n also_o out_o of_o the_o same_o knot_n by_o split_v they_o out_o into_o thin_a piece_n and_o then_o boil_v they_o in_o water_n which_o will_v educe_v all_o the_o resinous_n matter_n and_o gather_v it_o into_o a_o body_n which_o when_o cold_a will_v harden_v into_o pure_a rosin_n it_o be_v moreover_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o fir_n and_o most_o coniferous_a tree_n yield_v the_o same_o concretes_n lachrymae_fw-la turpentine_n rosin_n hard_a naval_a or_o stone_n and_o liquid_a pitch_n and_o tar_n for_o innumerable_a use_n and_o from_o the_o burn_a and_o fuliginous_a vapour_n of_o these_o especial_o the_o rosin_n we_o have_v our_o lamp_n and_o printer_n black_a etc._n etc._n i_o be_o persuade_v the_o pine_n and_o fir_n tree_n in_o scotland_n may_v yield_v his_o majesty_n plenty_n of_o excellent_a tar_n be_v some_o industrious_a person_n employ_v about_o the_o work_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o larch_n platanus_n lotus_fw-la cornus_n etc._n etc._n 1._o larix_n though_o of_o the_o coniferous_a family_n lose_v its_o leaf_n larch_n and_o therefore_o we_o separate_v he_o from_o the_o fir_n and_o pine_n but_o why_o we_o may_v not_o hope_v as_o well_o of_o the_o larch_n as_o from_o any_o of_o they_o i_o know_v not_o i_o read_v of_o beam_n of_o no_o less_o than_o 120._o foot_n in_o length_n make_v out_o of_o this_o goodly_a tree_n which_o be_v of_o so_o strange_a a_o composition_n that_o it_o will_v hardly_o burn_v as_o caesar_n find_v in_o a_o castle_n he_o besiege_v build_v of_o it_o the_o story_n be_v recite_v at_o large_a by_o vitruvius_n l._n 2._o c._n 9_o but_o see_v what_o philander_n say_v upon_o the_o place_n on_o his_o own_o experience_n yet_o the_o coal_n thereof_o be_v hold_v far_o better_a than_o any_o other_o for_o the_o melt_a of_o iron_n there_o be_v abundance_n of_o this_o larch_n timber_n in_o the_o building_n at_o venice_n especial_o about_o the_o palace_n in_o piazza_n san_n marco_n where_o i_o remember_v scmozzi_n say_v he_o himself_o use_v much_o 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observe_v to_o be_v extraordinary_a fertile_a a_o constant_a and_o plentiful_a mast-bearer_n there_o be_v law_n to_o prohibit_v their_o fell_n without_o special_a leave_n and_o it_o be_v well_o enact_v among_o we_o that_o even_o the_o owner_n of_o wood_n within_o chase_n shall_v not_o cut_v down_o the_o timber_n without_o view_n of_o officer_n this_o act_n be_v in_o affirmance_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o not_o to_o be_v violate_v without_o prescription_n see_v the_o case_n cite_v by_o my_o lord_n cook_n in_o his_o comment_n on_o littleton_n tenure_n burgage_n l._n 2._o sect._n 170._o or_o if_o not_o within_o chase_n yet_o where_o a_o common-person_n have_v liberty_n of_o chase_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o will_v be_v of_o much_o benefit_n have_v the_o regarder_n perform_v their_o duty_n as_o it_o be_v at_o large_a describe_v in_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o 12_o article_n and_o that_o the_o surcharge_n of_o the_o forest_n have_v be_v honest_o inspect_v with_o the_o due_a 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within_o fourteen_o mile_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o great_a river_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v pity_n some_o of_o those_o place_n in_o kent_n sussex_n and_o surrey_n be_v except_v in_o the_o proviso_n for_o the_o reason_n express_v in_o a_o statute_n make_v 23_o eliz._n by_o which_o even_o the_o employ_v of_o any_o under-wood_n as_o well_o as_o great_a tree_n be_v prohibit_v within_o 22_o mile_n of_o london_n and_o many_o other_o navigable_a river_n creek_n and_o other_o lesser_a distance_n from_o some_o part_n of_o sussex-down_n cinque-port_n havens_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v several_a acre_n of_o wood-land_n of_o no_o mean_a circuit_n near_o rochester_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n extend_v as_o far_o as_o bexley_n and_o indeed_o for_o many_o mile_n about_o shoters-hill_n near_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n which_o be_v his_o majesty_n owner_n of_o may_v in_o few_o year_n be_v of_o a_o un-valuable_a improvement_n and_o benefit_n consider_v how_o apt_a they_o be_v to_o grow_v forest_n and_o how_o opportune_a they_o lie_v for_o the_o use_n of_o his_o royal_a navy_n at_o chatham_n 12._o but_o yet_o to_o prove_v what_o it_o be_v to_o manage_v wood_n discreet_o i_o read_v of_o one_o mr._n christopher_n darell_n a_o surrey_n gentleman_n of_o nudigate_n that_o have_v a_o particular_a indulgence_n for_o the_o cut_n of_o his_o wood_n at_o pleasure_n though_o a_o great_a iron_n master_n because_o he_o so_o order_v his_o work_v that_o they_o be_v a_o mean_n of_o preserve_v even_o his_o wood_n notwithstanding_o those_o unsatiable_a devourer_n this_o may_v appear_v a_o paradox_n but_o be_v to_o be_v make_v out_o and_o i_o have_v hear_v my_o own_o father_n who_o estate_n be_v none_o of_o the_o least_o wooded_a in_o england_n affirm_v that_o a_o forge_n and_o some_o other_o mill_n to_o which_o he_o furnish_v much_o fuel_n be_v a_o mean_n of_o maintain_v and_o improve_n his_o wood_n i_o suppose_v by_o increase_v the_o industry_n of_o plant_v and_o care_n as_o what_o he_o have_v now_o leave_v stand_v of_o his_o own_o plant_v enclose_v and_o cherish_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o my_o most_o honour_a brother_n george_n evelin_n of_o wotton_n in_o the_o same_o county_n do_v sufficient_o evince_v a_o most_o laudable_a monument_n of_o his_o industry_n and_o rare_a example_n for_o without_o such_o a_o example_n and_o such_o a_o application_n i_o be_o no_o advocate_n for_o iron-work_n but_o a_o declare_a denouncer_n but_o nature_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o produce_v this_o wasting-oare_n more_o plentiful_o in_o wood-land_n than_o any_o other_o ground_n and_o to_o enrich_v our_o forest_n to_o their_o own_o destruction_n o_o poverty_n still_o safe_a and_o therefore_o find_v insep'rable_o with_o mischief_n under_o ground_n wood_n tall_a and_o reverend_a from_o all_o time_n appear_v inviolable_a where_o no_o mine_n be_v near_o o_o semper_fw-la bona_fw-la pauperies_fw-la &_o conditus_fw-la altâ_fw-la thesaurus_fw-la tellure_n nocens_fw-la o_o semper_fw-la ovantes_fw-la integra_fw-la salvaque_fw-la solo_fw-la non_fw-la divite_fw-la sylva_n couleii_n pl._n l._n 6._o for_o so_o our_o sweet_a poet_n deplore_v the_o fate_n of_o the_o forest_n of_o dean_n 13._o the_o same_o act_n we_o have_v confirm_v and_o enlarge_v in_o the_o seventeen_o of_o the_o say_a queen_n for_o the_o preserve_n of_o timber-tree_n and_o the_o penalty_n of_o impair_n wood_n much_o increase_v the_o top_n and_o offal_n only_o permit_v to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o this_o employment_n 14._o as_o to_o the_o law_n of_o tithe_n i_o find_v timber-tree_n pay_v none_o but_o other_o do_v both_o for_o body_n branch_n bark_n fruit_n root_n and_o even_o the_o sucker_n grow_v out_o of_o they_o and_o the_o ten_o of_o the_o body_n sell_v or_o keep_v and_o so_o of_o willow_n sallow_n and_o all_o other_o tree_n not_o apt_a for_o timber_n also_o of_o sylva_n caedua_fw-la as_o coppice_n and_o vnderwood_n pay_v the_o ten_o when_o ever_o the_o proprietor_n receive_v his_o nine_o part_n but_o if_o any_o of_o these_o we_o have_v name_v un-exempted_n be_v cut_v only_o for_o mound_n fence_a or_o plow-boot_n within_o the_o parish_n in_o which_o they_o grow_v or_o for_o the_o fuel_n of_o the_o owner_n no_o tithe_n be_v due_a though_o the_o vicar_n have_v the_o tyth-wood_n and_o the_o parson_n that_o of_o the_o place_n so_o enclose_v nor_o be_v vnderwood_n grub_v up_o by_o the_o root_n tythable_a unless_o for_o this_o and_o any_o of_o the_o former_a case_n there_o be_v prescription_n but_o for_o timber-tree_n such_o as_o oak_n ash_n elm_n which_o be_v account_v timber_n in_o all_o place_n after_o the_o first_o twenty_o year_n also_o beech_n horn-beam_n maple_n aspen_n and_o even_o hasel_n many_o of_o which_o be_v in_o some_o country_n repute_a timber_n they_o be_v not_o to_o pay_v tithe_n unless_o they_o be_v fell_v before_o the_o say_a age_n of_o twenty_o year_n from_o their_o first_o plant_v note_v here_o if_o the_o owner_n fall_v a_o fruit-tree_n of_o which_o the_o parson_n have_v have_v tithe_n that_o year_n and_o convert_v the_o wood_n into_o fuel_n the_o tithe_n shall_v cease_v because_o he_o can_v receive_v the_o tithe_n of_o one_o thing_n twice_o in_o one_o year_n beech_n in_o country_n where_o it_o abound_v be_v not_o tythable_a because_o in_o such_o place_n it_o be_v not_o account_v timber_n 16_o jac._n co._n b._n pinder_n case_n cherry-tree_n in_o buckinghamshire_n have_v be_v adjudge_v timber_n and_o tythe-free_a pasch_fw-mi 17_o jac._n b.r._n if_o a_o tree_n be_v lope_v under_o twenty_o year_n growth_n and_o afterward_o be_v permit_v to_o grow_v past_o twenty_o year_n and_o then_o be_v lope_v again_o no_o tithe_n be_v due_a for_o it_o though_o at_o the_o first_o cut_v it_o be_v not_o so_o if_o wood_n be_v cut_v for_o hedge_n which_o be_v not_o tythable_a and_o any_o be_v leave_v of_o it_o unemployed_a no_o tithe_n shall_v be_v pay_v for_o it_o if_o wood_n be_v cut_v for_o