Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	wood_n	wool_n	yield_v	22	3	7.0281	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A08874	An essay of the meanes hovv to make our trauailes, into forraine countries, the more profitable and honourable	Palmer, Thomas, Sir, 1540-1626.; Zwinger, Theodor, 1533-1588. Methodus apodemica.	1606 (1606)	STC 19156; ESTC S113921	84,643	147

and whereof As in generalitie Africk yeeldeth the best Mules Europe the best Lions as Herodotus and Plinie make report onely to bee found betweene the riuers Nestus and Achelous the one coasting Abdera a Citie of Thrace the other being a flood of Epyrus separateth Acarnania from Aetolia So in particular wee finde England yeeldeth the greatest store of good Sheepe and Wooll Muscouia the best Bees yeelding Honie and Wake in plentie and the best Furres Moreouer let a Trauailer obserue what store of Vegetables either of Woods Trees for fruite or plants the Countrey yeeldeth For euery Countrey hath his seuerall Commodities and singularitie of them fitted by the prouidence of God as we reade of in Asia singular Cedars and Pine trees so wee haue experience that for Firre trees and ship-masts Denmarke and the New found land is notorious for Vines France for Apples and such ordinary fruit England for Orenges Limons Pomegranates and such like Spaine and other hot Countries for oyle and Oliues Candia c. As concerning the second which is of things hid in the veines and wombe of the earth for what shall we need to enlarge the discourse with the huge woods to be found in Germany and Bohemia or with the notorious Vegetables of other Nations namely the Mines of mettals and Fossiles whereof there are such sundrie species as it may seeme impertinent of vs to be further touched considering so soone as they are discouered they bee committed to writing Now the last of those three is the fruitfulnesse of the molde yeelding vnto the industry of such people as Till and manure the same abundance of all things the which also we wil referre to the artificiall consideration of the Countries commodities The third naturall commodities of a countrey are the plentie of Riuers and Ports whereof these things fall to the obseruation of a Trauailer From whence they haue their springs thorowfare if they be riuers nauigable whether they be replenished with fish of what kindes and whether potable and commodious for the vse of man how these doe accommodate the Country and lastly where they haue bridges foords ferries or may bee waded ouer But if the Countrey be maretine and ioyning to the sea what and what store of fish the coast aboundeth with how the sea ebbeth and floweth in euery Port and Creeke where there is good riding for shippes or boates what shallowes sands and flattes and lastly what good and dangerous landing whereof in the secrets and last part of the Trauailers knowledge we shall haue occasion to enlarge But a Trauailer must be so prudent in searching out these things that he haue not a malicious or suspicious eye cast on him for it is one of the conuictors of Spies Now the last of the naturall commodities as wee haue sayd are Springs Baths Spawes Lakes Pooles or other things of goodnesse and medicineable vertue and commoditie the which are to be sought out in seuen things namely in their heat as Baths and Spawes in their tastes and sauours as Plinie reporteth of a certaine Lake amongst the Troglodites which thrise a day and thrise a night for a season was euer bitter and salt and at other times sweete Thirdly in their colour as Diodorus reporteth in Egypt there was a Poole the colour of whose water was vermilion which being drunke would make men bewray secrets Fourthly in their odour or smel as that fountaine in the Citie Leuca of a most horrible smel spoken of by Strabo Fiftly in the motion at what time they are rising as that fountaine besides Haslea which neuer riseth but early in the morning at high noone and at the shutting in of the euening And if therein any euill thing bee cast that may corrupt the same Theodorus Zuingerus mentioneth that for certaine dayes after it will not rise at all Sixtly in their effects as that fountaine of Salmac in the countrey of Caria which as Strabo writeth maketh men effeminate lither That of Aphrodisium in Pyrrhea that causeth barrennesse as Plinie noteth and such like And lastly what commoditie either of them yeelde vnto the Countrey the which chiefly is to be considered of those nauigable Lakes that lie in the heart of the Land Hitherto concerning the naturall the Artificiall commodities now offer themselues which a Trauailer shall find chiefly in two things namely in Buildings or in Trades Sciēces Mechanick And though the liberall Arts may seeme to bee of the number yet properly they are not the commodities of a Land or State Because by the word Commodities is meant things that may be transported from State to State caried out of one country into another which the liberall Sciences well cannot saue in bookes For the operatiō of the liberal Sciēces seem to be Spiritual or Mathematical wheras that of Mechanical arts sheweth to be corporal But to our point of Buildings there may be a triple cōsideration First what are the most cōmon buildings houses of the country wherin the common people inhabite and of what stuffe they are made For almost euery countrey differ therin But whersoeuer great defects are of these as in Ireland Muscouie other places it is a note of pouerty barbarousnes Secondly what manner of buildings are those of Towns Cities of the nobler sort of people for these euermore draw neerest to ciuility and be freest from pouerty Lastly what is the Architecturie of Forts Townes Sconces Cittadels Castles Towers and of places fortified in the land about the discouery whereof a trauailer shall finde much vse of his Mathematickes learned before trauaile But before wee make discouery of places fortified let it not bee impertinent to consider seuen points briefly in Cities or Townes as first of the Quantities Figures and Circuits as well of the Cities themselues as of their suburbes Secondly of their situation and strength and how they stand commodated by sea or land or discommodated Thirdly of the manner and matter of their buildings Fourthly of their places and things of speciall note as Gates Fountaines Bridges Churches Streets Religous houses palaces Arsenals Store houses Market places Rialtos publike Ambulatories Schooles Libraries Colledges Vniuersities and such like Moreouer of Vniuersities it must be considered whether they bee of Physicke of the Lawe or of any other speciall studie and profession or mixt of all liberall Sciences together what number of Students what companies of strangers their orders priuiledges and such like lastly what famous men in learning flourish in them Fiftly the number of the people of the Cities Townes are to be learned so neere as may be Sixtly the policie of them is to be regarded which resteth either in the Ecclesiasticall Scholastical Oeconomical or politicall gouernment whereof the politicall is most behooueful and therfore we will insist only vpon the same and that in one word to discerne the maner and disposition of the peoples liuing whether in idlenesse and pleasure as the Nobilitie of

this Land and of France or in trades and merchandise as the Nobility of the Venetian and Genoa States Moreouer with whom they vent that which is superfluous in their Towne from what other places they ordinarily bring such things as they want and stand in need of and whether they be driuen to carie out their owne commodities or are sought vnto by forreine parts Let these things suffice till the gouernement of the State in generall shall offer it selfe to be handled in the fift part to which we do referre Trauailers that make doubt of any thing considerable in Townes or Cities The seuenth and last consideration then of Cities is of the priuiledges immunities liberties and freedomes of them whether Colonies Municipials Prefectures Cities confederate assemblies and such like Now the other part of Artificiall buildings resteth to our Trauailer namely of fortifications Of which forasmuch as the true suruey of them is in many States very daungerous we haue obserued for the better ease and securitie of Trauailers three safe wayes to prie into the secrets of them if accesse bee inhibited First to learne what are fortified holdes within the land and what front and coast the sea and where seated Moreouer within the land whether they stand vpon riuers or waters or were built for other purposes than for the warres and naturall defence of the land whereof in most States there haue been diuerserected as by the Nobilitie of England and Ireland for their priuate vses and for ciuill warres fortified singularly in France where the Noblesses for their priuate safegard haue many strong holdes as other Nations that a long season haue either feared enemies or sought freedome from subiection Whereof wee haue of late time experience by the fortifications of the Lowe Countrey people The second considereth the naturall and artificiall strength of them The naturall attribute defence vnto a place in regard of situation which may be cōsidered in hils rockes or waters that make the same vnaccessable or defenceable wherof we haue a wonderful example in the Isle of Sarke in our Brutish sea which is by nature so fortified as one man may defend the same Isle against the greatest Army that is able to come against it Of like defence is in some respect the castle of Garnsey for a land Army the city of Venice and of Mexico in West India Moreouer let it be considered whether equally in all places as the aforenamed or but on some sides that defence groweth as that of Douer castle to the sea-ward and towards the towne Likewise what other naturall strengths be within as plenty of ground to preserue victuall good springs that cannot be withdrawen or corrupted such like which naturally doe fortifie places greatly in times of besiegings Now th' artificial strēgths of Forts cōsisteth in y e Matter or Forme and figure whether without or within Touching the matter substāce of euery particular let it be questioned whether they be of old or new erectiō for the olde in times past were made of stone bricke or such like hard stuffe which now in the perfectiō of artillery are more easie to be battered thā Forts of earth are foūd more hurtful to the friend within fauorable to the enemy yet in speciall cases where Artillery cannot come to batter are notwithstanding momentable the which if it be well considered seldome shall men find old fortifications but they were euen seated so as Artillery could not play vpon them In like sort are those new fortifications to be considered of what matter for of earth ther is diuers sorts to make good fortifications of what greatnes largenes thicknes depth and height are the members of them as wals vammures ramparts curtins cauallirs parapets counterscarfes mounts platforms trenches ditches c and how replenished with water what sluces what Saleis what droit and oblique passages are to the same the which discreet questioning good indgement of the eye shall enforme a Trauailer of Touching the formes and figures of Forts that is either regular or irregular The regular be either Rotunds Quadrats Pentagonons Hexagonons c. according to the quantity of the Fort euery part answering in correspondencie The irregular retain those formes which most naturally may helpe the weaknes of the place yet answerable one to another according to the rules of fortifications wherof we had a notable piece of work for example in that in Ostend in Flanders And for better iudgement herein let it not be grieuous to any Trauailer if so he happen into the warres to obserue the notable means is taken in the field by good Souldiers for the fortifying of their Campes daily after this irregular distribution Now the last of these 3 that prie into the fortifications of Countries is to vnderstād what Captains souldiers ordinarily belong to them their munitions their paies finally their ordinances priuiledges Let these things suffice for the first of the artifical commodities of the Country The second is that of Trades and Mechanical Sciences the which are fashioners and finishers of handicraft works made through mans inuention are in number sixe for a Trauailer to consider of thorow which al commodities passe and repasse namely Husbandry Clothing Masonry Carpentry Smithery Engining these are generall heads whereunto all other trades of necessary obseruation may be referred that accommodate a Land Let vs take Husbandry for an example vnder which is comprised the sciences of gardening of planting and grafting of manuring of grasing of breeding and cherishing of Vegetables Plants beasts and such like fostering sciences for the nourishment of the creatures but singularly of man Vpon which also other infinite trades depend wherof we will omit to speake But to our point in hand a Trauailer shal discerne the husbandry of each countrey in three points first by obseruing what corne and graine the countrey yeeldeth generally and that with what paines and meanes the land is tilled and manured what vsuall increase the land yeeldeth and such like whereof there is such difference as is almost incredible yea between setting and sowing Secondly what cattell are vsually bred there for the state aswell of the Land as of other Countries As in Muscouie and Poland Bees in the Lowe Countries Kine in England Sheepe and such like Lastly what fruits the countrie yeeldeth as Grapes Wine Oile Apples Peares Plummes Orenges Limons Nuts and such like and lastly with what fuell the Land most aboundeth Touching the second Mechanicall trade namely Clothing a Trauailer must note what speciall stuffe that Countrey yeeldeth for the same whether of Lether Furres beasts skins haire flaxe wooll barks of trees bombasie silke gold siluer or such like and also how the same is imployed for garmēts or otherwise So the third which is Masonry requireth the knowledge of such as are workers of stone brick or morter their artificiall compositions and symmetries The fourth which is Carpentrie