Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	wonderful_a	work_n	year_n	34	3	4.2010	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A28496	Irelands naturall history being a true and ample description of its situation, greatness, shape, and nature, of its hills, woods, heaths, bogs, of its fruitfull parts, and profitable grounds : with the severall ways of manuring and improving the same : with its heads or promontories, harbours, roads, and bays, of its springs, and fountains, brooks, rivers, loghs, of its metalls, mineralls, free-stone, marble, sea-coal, turf, and other things that are taken out of the ground : and lastly of the nature and temperature of its air and season, and what diseases it is free from or subject unto : conducing to the advancement of navigation, husbandry, and other profitable arts and professions / written by Gerald Boate ; and now published by Samuell Hartlib for the common good of Ireland and more especially for the benefit of the adventurers and planters therein.	Boate, Gerard, 1604-1650.; Hartlib, Samuel, d. 1662.	1657 (1657)	Wing B3373; ESTC R27215	105,129	208

those_o of_o long_a continuance_n as_o the_o falling-sickness_n the_o pallie_n all_o sortsof_a gout_n cough_n the_o consumption_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o stone_n of_o the_o kidney_n and_o of_o the_o bladder_n the_o colic_n the_o laundis_n the_o dropsy_n the_o grief_n of_o the_o spleen_n and_o several_a sort_n of_o loosness_n with_o all_o which_o evil_n it_o be_v here_o as_o in_o other_o country_n some_o of_o they_o be_v very_o common_a here_o and_o other_o happen_v but_o seldom_o and_o in_o few_o person_n the_o more_o particular_a relation_n whereof_o we_o will_v leave_v for_o the_o book_n of_o physic_n and_o for_o those_o observation_n which_o perhaps_o my_o brother_n some_o time_n or_o other_o will_v publish_v of_o what_o he_o have_v find_v concern_v the●e_n matter_n in_o a_o ample_a and_o flourish_a practice_n of_o eight_o year_n which_o he_o have_v live_v in_o dublin_n chap._n xxiiii_o of_o the_o disease_n reign_v in_o ireland_n and_o whereunto_o that_o country_n be_v peculiarly_a subject_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o irish_a ague_n as_o ireland_n be_v subject_a to_o most_o disease_n in_o common_a with_o other_o country_n so_o there_o be_v some_o whereunto_o it_o be_v peculiar_o obnoxious_a be_v at_o all_o time_n so_o rife_o there_o that_o they_o may_v just_o be_v repute_v for_o ireland_n endemii_fw-la morbi_fw-la or_o reign_a disease_n as_o indeed_o they_o be_v general_o repute_v for_o such_o of_o this_o number_n be_v a_o certain_a sort_n of_o malignant_a fever_n vulgar_o in_o ireland_n call_v irish_a ague_n because_o that_o at_o all_o time_n they_o be_v so_o common_a in_o ireland_n as_o well_o among_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o native_n as_o among_o those_o who_o be_v new_o come_v thither_o from_o other_o country_n this_o fever_n common_o accompany_v with_o a_o great_a pain_n in_o the_o head_n a●d_v in_o all_o the_o bone_n great_a weakness_n drought_n loss_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o appetite_n and_o want_v of_o sleep_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n idleness_n or_o rave_v and_o restlessness_n or_o toss_n but_o no_o very_o great_a nor_o constant_a heat_n be_v hard_o to_o be_v cure_v for_o those_o that_o understand_v the_o disease_n and_o seek_v to_o overcome_v it_o do_v it_o not_o by_o purge_v which_o can_v be_v use_v at_o any_o time_n without_o great_a and_o present_a danger_n for_o the_o fermentation_n of_o the_o humour_n which_o cause_v the_o disease_n be_v hereby_o mighty_o increase_v and_o the_o patient_a weaken_a and_o hardly_o with_o bleed_v which_o seldom_o be_v use_v with_o success_n otherwise_o than_o in_o the_o very_a beginning_n but_o with_o strengthen_v medicine_n and_o good_a cordial_n in_o which_o case_n and_o if_o all_o necessary_a prescriptious_a be_v well_o observe_v very_o few_o person_n do_v lose_v their_o life_n except_o when_o some_o extraordinary_a and_o pestilent_a malignity_n come_v to_o it_o as_o it_o befall_v in_o some_o year_n with_o so_o great_a violence_n that_o notwithstanding_o all_o good_a help_n some_o be_v thereby_o carry_v to_o their_o grave_n the_o same_o do_v ordinary_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o it_o prove_v deadly_a if_o the_o sick_a do_v fall_v into_o unskilful_a hand_n or_o neglect_v all_o help_n or_o do_v not_o observe_v good_a direction_n in_o which_o case_n many_o do_v perish_v and_o other_o who_o come_v off_o with_o their_o life_n through_o robustuousness_n of_o nature_n or_o hide_a cause_n be_v force_v to_o keep_v their_o bed_n a_o long_a time_n in_o extreme_a weakness_n be_v a_o great_a while_n before_o they_o can_v recover_v their_o perfect_a health_n and_o strength_n sect._n 2._o of_o the_o looseness_n the_o looseness_n do_v also_o great_o reign_v in_o ireland_n as_o well_o among_o those_o of_o the_o country_n as_o among_o the_o stranger_n wherefore_o the_o english_a inhabitant_n have_v give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o the_o country-disease_n many_o be_v a_o great_a while_n trouble_v with_o it_o and_o yet_o get_v no_o other_o harm_n and_o those_o that_o betimes_o do_v make_v use_n of_o good_a medicine_n be_v without_o any_o great_a difficulty_n cure_v of_o it_o but_o they_o that_o let_v the_o looseness_n take_v its_o course_n do_v common_o after_o some_o day_n get_v the_o bleed_a with_o it_o whereby_o the_o disease_n do_v not_o only_o grow_v much_o more_o troublesome_a and_o painful_a but_o a_o great_a deal_n harde●_n to_o be_v cure_v &_o at_o last_o it_o use_v to_o turn_v to_o the_o bloody_a flux_n the_o which_o in_o some_o person_n have_v last_v a_o great_a while_n leave_v they_o of_o itself_o but_o in_o far_o the_o great_a number_n be_v very_o dangerous_a and_o kill_v the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o sick_a except_o they_o be_v careful_o assist_v with_o good_a remedy_n that_o this_o disease_n as_o also_o the_o other_o viz._n the_o malignant_a fever_n be_v so_o rife_o in_o ireland_n do_v partly_o come_v through_o the_o peculiar_a disposition_n and_o excessive_a wetness_n of_o the_o air_n but_o partly_o also_o through_o the_o error_n which_o people_n do_v commit_v in_o eat_v and_o drink_v and_o other_o particular_n as_o manifest_o do_v appear_v by_o that_o a_o very_a great_a number_n not_o only_o of_o the_o native_n but_o also_o of_o the_o stranger_n come_v thi●_n she_o who_o t●ke_v careful_a heed_n to_o themselves_o in_o abstain_v from_o hurtful_a thing_n never_o be_v trouble_v with_o either_o of_o these_o infirmity_n sect._n 3_o of_o the_o rickets_o among_o the_o reign_a disease_n of_o ireland_n the_o rickets_o also_o may_v with_o good_a reason_n be_v reckon_v a_o disease_n peculiar_a to_o young_a child_n and_o so_o well_o know_v to_o every_o body_n in_o england_n as_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o give_v any_o description_n of_o it_o and_o yet_o to_o this_o day_n never_o any_o physician_n either_o english_a or_o of_o any_o other_o nation_n make_v any_o the_o least_o mention_n of_o it_o no_o not_o in_o those_o work_n which_o be_v express_o write_v of_o all_o manner_n of_o disease_n and_o accident_n of_o little_a child_n in_o ireland_n this_o disease_n be_v wonderful_a rife_a now_o but_o it_o have_v nothing_o near_o be_v so_o long_o know_v there_o as_o in_o england_n either_o through_o th●_n unski●fullness_n or_o neglect_n of_o the_o physician_n the_o most_o part_n whereof_o in_o both_o kingdom_n to_o this_o day_n be_v ignorant_a not_o only_o of_o the_o manner_n how_o to_o cure_v it_o but_o even_o of_o the_o nature_n and_o property_n thereof_o or_o that_o real_o it_o be_v new_a there_o and_o never_o before_o have_v be_v in_o ireland_n have_v get_v foot_v in_o it_o only_o within_o these_o few_o year_n through_o some_o strange_a revolution_n or_o constellation_n or_o god_n immediate_a send_v which_o kind_n of_o change_n several_a time_n have_v befall_v in_o divers_a country_n and_o in_o ireland_n itself_o we_o have_v already_o show_v some_o such_o matter_n in_o another_o sickness_n namely_o the_o tertian-ague_n this_o evil_a be_v altogether_o incurable_a when_o it_o be_v go_v too_o far_o be_v hard_a enough_o to_o be_v cure_v even_o in_o the_o beginning_n except_o it_o be_v very_o careful_o look_v unto_o and_o use_v make_v of_o the_o best_a remedy_n nevertheless_o this_o grief_n as_o well_o as_o mo●●_n other_o have_v its_o peculiar_a medicine_n the_o which_o be_v apply_v betimes_o and_o with_o convenient_a care_n do_v with_o god_n blessing_n for_o the_o most_o part_n produce_v the_o effect_n desire_v sect._n 4._o of_o the_o leprosy_n the_o rickets_o be_v of_o late_a very_o rife_o in_o ireland_n where_o few_o year_n ago_o unknown_a so_o on_o the_o contra●y_v it_o have_v be_v almost_o quite_o free_v from_o another_o disease_n one_o of_o the_o very_o worst_a &_o miserable_a in_o the_o world_n namely_o the_o leprosy_n which_o in_o former_a time_n use_v to_o be_v very_o common_a there_o especial_o in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n the_o which_o therefore_o be_v fill_v with_o hospital_n express_o build_v for_o to_o receive_v &_o keep_v the_o leprous_a person_n but_o many_o year_n since_o ireland_n have_v be_v almost_o quite_o free_v from_o this_o horrible_a and_o loathsome_a disease_n and_o as_o few_o leprous_a person_n be_v now_o find_v there_o as_o in_o any_o other_o country_n in_o the_o world_n so_o that_o be_v hospital_n erect_v for_o their_o use_n have_v stand_v empty_a a_o long_a time_n at_o length_n be_v quite_o decay_v &_o come_v to_o nothing_o the_o cause_n of_o th●s_n change_n be_v not_o so_o obscure_a nor_o unknown_a as_o it_o be_v in_o most_o other_o change_n of_o that_o nature_n for_o that_o this_o sickness_n be_v so_o general_a in_o ireland_n do_v not_o come_v by_o any_o peculiar_a defect_n in_o the_o land_n or_o in_o the_o air_n but_o mere_o through_o the_o fault_n &_o foul_a gluttony_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o the_o excessive_a devour_a of_o unwholesome_a salmon_n the_o common_a report_n in_o ireland_n be_v that_o boil_a salmon_n eat_v hot_a out_o

dung_v so_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o never_o trouble_v themselves_o to_o keep_v the_o dung_n of_o their_o beast_n but_o from_o time_n to_o time_n fling_v it_o into_o a_o river_n which_o run_v by_o they_o but_o this_o happiness_n and_o richness_n of_o soil_n as_o it_o be_v very_o rare_a over_o all_o the_o world_n so_o in_o ireland_n too_o be_v confine_v to_o very_o narrow_a bound_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v necessitate_v for_o the_o end_n aforesaid_a to_o help_v and_o improve_v their_o land_n by_o dung_v the_o which_o they_o do_v several_a manner_n of_o way_n sect._n 2._o of_o sheeps-dung_n the_o common_a sort_n of_o manure_v the_o land_n in_o ireland_n be_v that_o which_o be_v do_v with_o the_o dung_n of_o beast_n especial_o of_o cow_n and_o ox_n and_o also_o of_o horse_n mix_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o straw_n and_o have_v lyen_fw-we a_o long_a while_n to_o rot_v and_o incorporate_v well_o together_o whereof_o as_o of_o a_o matter_n every_o where_o know_v and_o usual_a it_o be_v needless_a to_o speak_v further_o only_o thus_o much_o seem_v good_a to_o we_o not_o to_o pass_v over_o in_o silence_n that_o if_o sheep_n here_o as_o in_o other_o country_n be_v house_v and_o keep_v up_o in_o stable_n for_o any_o long_a time_n together_o their_o excrement_n will_v make_v better_a dung_n than_o that_o of_o any_o other_o fourfooted_a creature_n for_o the_o land_n on_o which_o sheep_n have_v feed_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n together_o or_o long_o be_v so_o great_o enrich_v thereby_o that_o when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v plough_v it_o bring_v a_o much_o fair_a and_o plentifull_a crop_n than_o if_o from_o the_o beginning_n it_o have_v be_v make_v arable_a and_o dung_v after_o the_o ordinary_a manner_n wherefore_o also_o great_a sheep-master_n may_v set_v their_o land_n where_o the_o sheep_n have_v be_v feed_v some_o year_n together_o as_o dear_a again_o by_o the_o acre_n than_o what_o at_o the_o first_o they_o can_v have_v get_v for_o it_o of_o any_o body_n wherefore_o also_o it_o be_v a_o usual_a thing_n in_o ireland_n as_o well_o as_o in_o england_n to_o drive_v the_o sheep_n upon_o the_o fallow_a and_o to_o keep_v they_o there_o until_o all_o the_o herb_n which_o may_v minister_v any_o food_n unto_o the_o sheep_n be_v by_o they_o consume_v which_o do_v the_o ground_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o good_a and_o give_v it_o heart_n to_o bring_v afterward_o the_o better_a increase_n and_o the_o same_o also_o help_v great_o for_o to_o make_v good_a grass_n grow_v upon_o the_o arable_a when_o the_o same_o be_v turn_v into_o pasture_n and_o meadow_n a_o thing_n ordinary_o use_v in_o sundry_a part_n of_o ireland_n and_o many_o time_n necessary_a for_o to_o keep_v the_o land_n in_o heart_n for_o ground_n be_v plough_v and_o the_o sheep_n drive_v thither_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o herb_n grow_v upon_o it_o they_o do_v not_o only_o consume_v the_o thistle_n and_o other_o useless_a herb_n but_o cause_n good_a grass_n to_o grow_v up_o in_o lieu_n thereof_o and_o that_o speedy_o for_o in_o all_o place_n where_o their_o dung_n light_v of_o the_o best_a and_o sweet_a sort_n of_o grass_n do_v grow_v and_o that_o within_o the_o first_o year_n which_o otherwise_o will_v not_o have_v come_v in_o much_o long_a time_n and_o that_o nothing_o near_o so_o good_a general_o sect._n 3_o a_o useful_a observation_n about_o cows-dung_n there_o be_v a_o notable_a difference_n betwixt_o sheeps-dung_n and_o that_o of_o other_o cattle_n as_o in_o the_o goodness_n and_o richness_n itself_o so_o in_o the_o particular_a last_o mention_v by_o they_o for_o that_o of_o ox_n and_o cow_n be_v no_o way_n fit_a for_o dung_v until_o it_o be_v grow_v old_a and_o have_v lyen_fw-we a_o soak_v with_o straw_n a_o great_a while_n daily_o experience_n show_v in_o ireland_n as_o in_o england_n and_o other_o country_n that_o in_o those_o place_n of_o the_o pasture_n where_o the_o fresh_a cowdung_n fall_v and_o remain_v the_o grass_n the_o next_o year_n do_v grow_v rank_a and_o high_a than_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o same_o field_n but_o so_o sour_a and_o unpleasing_a that_o the_o beast_n will_v not_o offer_v to_o touch_v it_o so_o as_o ordinary_o you_o shall_v see_v these_o tuft_n of_o grass_n stand_v whole_a and_o undiminish_a in_o the_o midst_n of_o pasture_n that_o every_o where_o else_o be_v eat_v bare_a and_o to_o the_o very_a ground_n the_o which_o as_o in_o part_n it_o may_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o dung_n the_o which_o being_n great_a than_o the_o earth_n can_v well_o digest_v and_o convenient_o unite_v with_o itself_o can_v be_v turn_v into_o so_o good_a and_o sweet_a nourishment_n so_o do_v it_o also_o without_o doubt_n come_v in_o part_n through_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o dung_n the_o which_o of_o itself_o and_o without_o a_o long_a preparation_n and_o alteration_n be_v not_o so_o fit_a to_o nourish_v the_o ground_n as_o that_o of_o sheep_n sect._n 4._o of_o pigeons-dung_n pigeons-dung_n also_o be_v very_o convenient_a for_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o i_o know_v some_o in_o ireland_n who_o have_v try_v that_o have_v find_v a_o wonderful_a deal_n of_o good_a in_o it_o incomparable_o more_o than_o in_o that_o of_o any_o fourfooted_a beast_n and_o of_o sheep_n themselves_o but_o the_o pigeon-house_n no_o where_o in_o ireland_n be_v so_o big_a as_o to_o afford_v any_o considerable_a quantity_n and_o never_o have_v hear_v of_o any_o body_n there_o who_o can_v dung_n more_o than_o a_o acre_n or_o two_o with_o all_o the_o pigeons-dung_n which_o have_v be_v gather_v the_o space_n of_o a_o whole_a twelvemonth_n it_o can_v well_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o common_a sort_n sect._n 5._o of_o ash_n and_o mud._n beside_o the_o dung_n of_o beast_n there_o be_v usual_a in_o ireland_n or_o be_v before_o this_o rebellion_n five_o or_o six_o other_o sort_n for_o to_o manure_v and_o improve_v the_o ground_n whereof_o some_o be_v as_o good_a as_o the_o dung_n consist_v of_o the_o excrement_n of_o beast_n and_o other_o do_v far_o surpass_v it_o one_o of_o these_o sort_n be_v ash_n and_o mud_n another_o as_o for_o the_o first_o i_o have_v understand_v of_o englishman_n who_o have_v live_v many_o year_n in_o ireland_n and_o all_o that_o while_o have_v exercise_v husbandry_n that_o they_o have_v use_v to_o gather_v all_o their_o ash_n of_o their_o hearth_n bake-house_n and_o brew-house_n be_v wood-ash_n and_o to_o lay_v they_o of_o a_o heap_n somewhere_o in_o the_o open_a air_n from_o whence_o at_o convenient_a time_n they_o will_v carry_v they_o upon_o their_o ground_n and_o there_o spread_v they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o other_o dung_n but_o nothing_o near_o in_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n wherein_o they_o affirm_v to_o have_v find_v as_o much_o and_o more_o good_a than_o in_o any_o dung_n of_o beast_n and_o i_o know_v several_a other_o english_a who_o live_v in_o ireland_n do_v use_v to_o take_v the_o scour_n of_o their_o ditch_n together_o with_o other_o mud_n dig_v out_o of_o the_o bog_n and_o have_v let_v it_o lie_v a_o good_a while_o a_o rot_v in_o great_a heap_n do_v afterward_o carry_v it_o upon_o their_o land_n in_o lieu_n of_o dung_n the_o which_o they_o find_v very_o good_a and_o useful_a for_o that_o purpose_n these_o two_o sort_n be_v never_o yet_o bring_v into_o common_a use_n but_o only_o practise_v by_o some_o few_o person_n especial_o that_o of_o the_o ash_n although_o in_o other_o country_n they_o have_v be_v know_v long_o since_o so_o as_o pliny_n who_o live_v about_o fifteen_o hundred_o year_n ago_o write_v in_o the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o the_o seventeen_o book_n of_o his_o natural_a history_n that_o in_o his_o time_n in_o that_o part_n of_o italy_n which_o be_v situate_v between_o the_o alps_n and_o the_o river_n po_n comprehend_v those_o country_n which_o now_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o piedmont_n and_o lombardy_n ash_n be_v more_o use_v and_o commend_v for_o the_o manure_n of_o the_o ground_n than_o the_o dung_n of_o beast_n as_o concern_v the_o burn_a of_o the_o heath_n and_o other_o dry_a herb_n stand_v upon_o the_o ground_n for_o to_o manure_v the_o land_n with_o the_o ash_n thereof_o that_o not_o proper_o belong_v to_o this_o place_n shall_v be_v speak_v of_o more_o at_o large_a in_o some_o of_o the_o ensue_a chapter_n sect._n 6._o of_o lime_n the_o english_a live_v in_o queens-county_n in_o leinster_n have_v see_v that_o in_o sundry_a part_n of_o england_n and_o wales_n especial_o in_o pembrookshire_n lime_n be_v use_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o the_o manure_a and_o enrich_v of_o their_o ground_n begin_v some_o year_n since_o to_o practice_v the_o same_o and_o find_v themselves_o so_o well_o thereby_o that_o in_o a_o

short_a time_n the_o use_n thereof_o grow_v very_o common_a among_o they_o so_o as_o many_o of_o ●hem_n ever_o after_o use_v no_o other_o kind_n of_o dung_n the_o manner_n of_o it_o be_v thus_o having_n first_o plough_v their_o field_n they_o carry_v the_o lime_n on_o they_o and_o lay_v it_o in_o many_o small_a heap_n leave_v a_o convenient_a distance_n between_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o use_v to_o be_v do_v with_o the_o dung_n of_o beast_n and_o have_v let_v they_o lie_v for_o some_o month_n they_o plough_v the_o land_n again_o to_o convey_v the_o lime_n into_o the_o ground_n this_o make_v it_o so_o rich_a that_o in_o a_o great_a while_n after_o nothing_o else_o need_v to_o be_v do_v to_o it_o but_o to_o let_v the_o land_n at_o a_o certain_a revolution_n of_o time_n lie_v fallow_a no_o other_o manure_v at_o all_o be_v requisite_a for_o some_o year_n after_o and_o all_o that_o while_o the_o land_n be_v very_o fruitful_a more_o than_o it_o can_v have_v be_v make_v with_o any_o ordinary_a dung_n and_o very_o free_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o bad_a herb_n and_o weed_n especial_o for_o the_o first_o year_n bring_v corn_n with_o much_o thin_a husk_n than_o that_o grow_n upon_o other_o land_n they_o find_v that_o the_o lime_n carry_v upon_o the_o land_n hot_a out_o of_o the_o kiln_n do_v more_o good_a in_o all_o the_o forementioned_a particular_n than_o when_o they_o let_v it_o grow_v cold_a first_o and_o this_o they_o can_v do_v very_o easy_o because_o limestone_n be_v very_o plentiful_a in_o that_o county_n especial_o in_o the_o town_n of_o monrath_n where_o there_o be_v a_o whole_a hill_n of_o that_o stone_n of_o that_o bigness_n that_o if_o all_o the_o adjacent_a country_n do_v continual_o fetch_v it_o from_o thence_o for_o the_o forename_a use_n it_o will_v for_o ever_o hold_v out_o sufficient_o the_o land_n thus_o manure_v and_o improve_v by_o lime_n show_v its_o fruitfulness_n not_o only_o in_o the_o follow_a year_n but_o even_o in_o the_o first_o except_o the_o lime_n have_v be_v lay_v on_o in_o undue_a proportion_n and_o in_o great_a quantity_n than_o be_v requisite_a for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o lime_n burn_v the_o corn_n and_o the_o first_o year_n crop_n be_v thereby_o spoil_v in_o some_o place_n where_o the_o land_n be_v not_o cold_a and_o moist_a enough_o to_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v mere_a lime_n they_o mix_v the_o lime_n with_o earth_n dig_v out_o of_o pit_n and_o let_v that_o stuff_n lie_v a_o mellow_n in_o great_a heap_n for_o some_o month_n together_o and_o afterward_o carry_v it_o on_o the_o land_n and_o manure_v that_o therewith_o sect._n 7._o a_o remarkable_a history_n concern_v the_o excellency_n of_o lime_n for_o the_o inricheng_fw-mi of_o the_o ground_n how_o incredible_o the_o land_n be_v enrich_v by_o this_o kind_n of_o manure_v may_v be_v gather_v by_o the_o ensue_a particular_a the_o whole_a lordship_n of_o mounrath_n be_v thirty_o year_n ago_o set_v by_o one_o mr._n downing_n who_o it_o be_v and_o who_o afterward_o sell_v it_o to_o sir_n charles_n coot_n for_o fifty_o pound_n sterling_a by_o the_o year_n and_o nevertheless_o after_o a_o while_n the_o farmer_n surrender_v it_o unto_o he_o complain_v that_o they_o can_v not_o live_v by_o it_o but_o be_v quite_o impoverish_v where_o as_o they_o who_o farm_a it_o next_o after_o they_o be_v people_n new_o come_v out_o of_o england_n &_o give_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pound_n sterling_a a_o year_n st●rling_v for_o it_o do_v not_o only_o live_v very_o free_o upon_o it_o yea_o grow_v rich_a and_o wealthy_a but_o withal_o do_v so_o far_o forth_o improve_v the_o land_n partly_o indeed_o with_o building_n plaut_a hedge_v and_o the_o like_a but_o chief_o by_o this_o kind_n of_o manue_v that_o ●t_a the_o time_n when_o this_o last_o horrible_a rebellion_n break_v forth_o the_o same_o lordship_n if_o it_o have_v be_v to_o let_v out_o then_o mighe_o have_v be_v let_v for_o five_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a a_o year_n as_o it_o have_v be_v assure_v i_o by_o some_o who_o themselves_o have_v be_v farmer_n of_o that_o land_n sect._n 8._o another_o history_n show_v the_o efficacy_n of_o lime_n in_o this_o particular_a before_o we_o give_v over_o this_o discourse_n of_o lime_n we_o shall_v add_v to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v already_o that_o in_o some_o other_o part_n of_o ireland_n where_o this_o manure_n with_o lime_n be_v not_o use_v nor_o know_v the_o virtue_n of_o lime_n in_o this_o particular_a have_v be_v find_v out_o by_o mere_a chance_n for_o some_o person_n know_v to_o i_o who_o live_v but_o a_o few_o mile_n from_o dublin_n have_v understand_v that_o the_o crow_n wherewith_o they_o be_v much_o plague_v and_o who_o do_v use_v to_o make_v very_o great_a spoil_n of_o their_o grain_n will_v not_o touch_v the_o corn_n wherewith_o the_o lime_n be_v mix_v do_v cause_n unslake_v lime_n to_o be_v mingle_v with_o water_n make_v it_o as_o thin_a as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v for_o the_o whiten_n of_o wall_n and_o very_o well_o bespringle_v the_o corn_n therewith_o before_o it_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o field_n to_o be_v sow_v and_o that_o after_o this_o manner_n the_o corn_n lie_v on_o a_o heap_n one_o turn_v it_o with_o both_o hand_n while_o another_o sprinkle_v on_o the_o foresaid_a stuff_n do_v so_o until_o the_o whole_a heap_n be_v thorough_o besprinkle_v at_o other_o time_n they_o mingle_v dry_a lime_n with_o the_o corn_n and_o afterward_o besprinkle_v the_o whole_a heap_n with_o fair_a water_n through_o and_o through_o for_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o hereby_o they_o do_v not_o only_o obtain_v the_o aforesaid_a end_n of_o preserve_v the_o corn_n from_o the_o crow_n but_o have_v thereby_o a_o fair_a and_o better_a crop_n than_o ever_o before_o their_o land_n have_v produce_v sect._n 9_o of_o seasand_n lime_n be_v much_o use_v in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n as_o in_o other_o part_n of_o ireland_n so_o for_o to_o manure_v the_o ground_n withal_o where_o the_o seasand_n likewise_o be_v great_o use_v to_o the_o same_o end_n not_o only_o in_o place_n lie_v on_o the_o seaside_n but_o even_o ten_o twelve_o and_o fifteen_o mile_n into_o the_o land_n whether_o it_o be_v carry_v in_o some_o place_n by_o boat_n and_o in_o other_o upon_o cart_n the_o charge_n be_v sufficient_o recompense_v by_o the_o pro●it_n come_v from_o it_o for_o they_o use_v it_o for_o the_o most_o part_n only_o upon_o very_o poor_a land_n consist_v of_o cold_a clay_n and_o that_o above_o half_a a_o foot_n deep_a which_o land_n have_v be_v three_o or_o f●ur_n time_n plough_v &_o harrow_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v usual_a to_o be_v do_v with_o fallow_a the_o sand_n be_v straw_v all_o over_o very_o thin_o a_o little_a before_o the_o sow_a time_n the_o which_o be_v do_v that_o land_n bring_v very_o good_a corn_n of_o all_o sort_n not_o only_a rye_n and_o oates_n but_o even_o barley_n and_o wheat_n three_o year_n one_o after_o another_o and_o have_v lyen_fw-we fallow_a the_o four_o year_n for_o many_o year_n after_o it_o produce_v very_o clean_a and_o sweet_a grass_n whereas_o former_o and_o before_o it_o be_v thus_o manure_v it_o produce_v nothing_o but_o moss_n heath_n and_o short_a low_a furze_n which_o herb_n be_v fire_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o ground_n stub_a before_o it_o be_v plough_v the_o first_o time_n it_o be_v not_o any_o peculiar_a sort_n of_o seasand_n nor_o out_o of_o any_o particular_a place_n which_o be_v use_v for_o this_o purpose_n but_o that_o which_o every_o where_o lie_v on_o the_o strand_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o manure_v the_o land_n with_o seasand_n be_v very_o common_a in_o the_o two_o most_o westerly_a shire_n of_o england_n cornwall_n and_o devonshire_n from_o whence_o those_o who_o first_o practise_v it_o in_o ireland_n seem_v to_o have_v learn_v it_o sect._n 10._o of_o brine_n or_o pickle_n the_o goodness_n of_o the_o seasand_n consist_v chief_o in_o its_o saltness_n for_o which_o reason_n pickle_v itself_o be_v very_o good_a for_o this_o purpose_n it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v to_o several_a english_a dwelling_n about_o the_o band_n and_o colrain_n that_o be_v farmer_n of_o the_o salmon-fishing_a there_o who_o use_v every_o year_n careful_o to_o keep_v the_o soul_n pikle_n come_v of_o the_o salmon_n at_o their_o repack_n and_o have_v pour_v it_o among_o the_o ordinary_a dung_n of_o cattle_n and_o straw_n they_o do_v let_v they_o lie_v a_o good_a while_o a_o mellow_n together_o hereby_o it_o be_v great_o strengthen_v and_o enrich_v so_o that_o the_o land_n be_v dung_v with_o it_o do_v bear_v much_o better_a and_o rich_a crop_n than_o that_o which_o be_v manure_v only_o with_o common_a dung_n without_o the_o mixture_n of_o it_o chap._n xii_o sect._n 1_o of_o

the_o marl_n in_o ireland_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o marling_n the_o land_n there_o marle_n be_v a_o certain_a sort_n of_o fat_a and_o clayish_a stuff_n be_v as_o the_o grease_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o have_v from_o ancient_a time_n on_o great_o use_v for_o manure_v of_o land_n both_o in_o france_n and_o england_n as_o may_v appear_v out_o of_o pliny_n in_o the_o six_o seven_o and_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o seventeen_o book_n the_o same_o also_o be_v still_o very_a usual_a in_o sundry_a part_n of_o england_n be_v of_o a_o incomparable_a goodness_n the_o which_o cause_v the_o english_a who_o out_o of_o some_o of_o those_o place_n where_o marle_n be_v use_v be_v come_v to_o live_v in_o ireland_n to_o make_v diligent_a search_n for_o it_o and_o that_o with_o good_a success_n at_o last_o it_o have_v be_v find_v out_o by_o they_o within_o these_o few_o year_n in_o several_a place_n first_o in_o the_o kings-county_n not_o far_o from_o the_o shanon_n where_o be_v of_o a_o gray_a colour_n it_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o bog_n and_o in_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n where_o the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v grow_v very_o common_a before_o this_o rebellion_n especial_o in_o the_o part_n lie_v near_o the_o sea_n where_o it_o stand_v they_o in_o very_o good_a steed_n the_o land_n of_o itself_o be_v nothing_o fruitful_a for_o although_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v a_o good_a black_a earth_n yet_o the_o same_o be_v but_o one_o foot_n deep_a and_o have_v underneath_o a_o crust_n of_o stiff_a yellow_a clay_n of_o half_a a_o foot_n be_v thereby_o great_o impair_v in_o its_o own_o goodness_n in_o this_o depth_n of_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a next_o under_o the_o clay_n lie_v the_o marl_n the_o which_o reach_v so_o far_o downward_o that_o yet_o no_o where_o they_o be_v come_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o it_o be_v of_o a_o blue_a colour_n and_o very_o fat_a which_o as_o in_o other_o ground_n so_o in_o this_o be_v chief_o perceive_v when_o it_o be_v wet_a but_o brittle_a and_o dusty_a when_o it_o be_v dry_a sect._n 2._o the_o manner_n charge_n and_o profit_n of_o marling_n the_o ground_n the_o marl_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o land_n in_o heap_n by_o some_o before_o it_o be_v plough_v by_o other_o after_o many_o let_v it_o lie_v several_a month_n ere_o they_o plough_v it_o again_o that_o the_o rain_n may_v equal_o divide_v and_o mix_v it_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o air_n mellow_a and_o incorporate_v it_o with_o the_o earth_n one_o thousand_o cartloads_a of_o this_o go_v to_o one_o english_a acre_n of_o ground_n it_o be_v very_o chargeable_a for_o even_o to_o those_o who_o dig_v it_o out_o of_o their_o own_o ground_n so_o as_o they_o be_v at_o no_o other_o expense_n but_o the_o hire_n of_o the_o labourer_n every_o acre_n come_v to_o stand_v in_o three_o pound_n sterling_a but_o these_o great_a expense_n be_v sufficient_o recompense_v by_o the_o great_a fruitfulness_n which_o it_o cause_v be_v such_o as_o may_v seem_v incredible_a for_o the_o marled-land_n even_o the_o very_a first_o year_n full_o quit_v all_o the_o cost_n bestow_v on_o it_o there_o beside_o it_o be_v sufficient_a once_o to_o marle_n whereas_o the_o ordinary_a dung_v must_v be_v renew_v oftentimes_o sect._n 3_o the_o usage_n of_o the_o marled-land_n practise_v by_o they_o of_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n the_o good_a usage_n of_o the_o marled-land_n to_o keep_v it_o in_o heart_n for_o ever_o after_o do_v consist_v in_o the_o opinion_n and_o practice_n of_o some_o in_o let_v it_o lie_v fallow_a at_o convenient_a time_n but_o the_o ordinary_a manner_n common_o practise_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n and_o count_v the_o best_a by_o they_o be_v that_o have_v sow_v it_o five_o or_o six_o year_n together_o with_o the_o rich_a sort_n of_o corn_n to_o wit_n wheat_n and_o barley_n especial_o that_o sort_n which_o in_o some_o part_n of_o england_n and_o general_o in_o ireland_n be_v peculiar_o call_v bear_n be_v a_o much_o rich_a grain_n than_o the_o ordinary_a barley_n it_o be_v afterward_o turn_v to_o pasture_n whereunto_o it_o be_v very_o fit_a forasmuch_o as_o it_o bring_v very_o sweet_a grass_n in_o great_a abundance_n for_o the_o marl_n be_v also_o use_v on_o meadow_n at_o the_o first_o with_o very_o good_a success_n improve_n the_o same_o most_o wonderful_o if_o the_o marled-land_n be_v thus_o use_v and_o by_o turn_n keep_v under_o corn_n and_o grass_n it_o keep_v its_o fruitfulness_n for_o ever_o where_o to_o the_o contrary_a if_o year_n after_o year_n it_o be_v sow_v till_o the_o heart_n be_v draw_v out_o it_o be_v quite_o spoil_v so_o as_o afterward_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o bring_v it_o again_o to_o any_o passable_a condition_n by_o any_o kind_n of_o dung_v or_o marling_n this_o will_v ordinary_o be_v do_v in_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n for_o so_o long_o together_o the_o marled-land_n may_v be_v sow_v and_o bring_v every_o year_n a_o rich_a crop_n of_o the_o best_a corn._n nevertheless_o this_o be_v not_o general_a but_o take_v place_n only_o in_o the_o worse_a kind_n of_o ground_n for_o where_o the_o land_n of_o itself_o be_v better_o and_o rich_a there_o after_o marling_n wheat_n and_o other_o corn_n may_v be_v sow_v not_o only_o for_o ten_o year_n together_o but_o long_o for_o very_o credible_a person_n have_v assure_v i_o that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n have_v bo●n_o very_o good_a corn_n for_o thirteen_o year_n together_o and_o afterward_o be_v turn_v to_o pasture_n it_o be_v as_o good_a and_o fertile_a as_o other_o marled-ground_n that_o have_v be_v under_o corn_n but_o five_o or_o six_o year_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o marl_n in_o connaught_n the_o province_n of_o connaught_n by_o what_o have_v be_v discover_v be_v much_o more_o plentiful_a in_o marl_n than_o leinster_n as_o in_o other_o county_n so_o in_o those_o of_o roscoman_n slego_n and_o galloway_n almost_o in_o every_o part_n of_o it_o it_o be_v there_o of_o three_o several_a colour_n some_o be_v white_a as_o chalk_v other_o gray_a and_o some_o black_a but_o none_o blue_a as_o that_o in_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n it_o lie_v nothing_o deep_a under_o the_o upper-ground_n or_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n common_o not_o above_o half_a a_o foot_n but_o it_o be_v own_o depth_n be_v so_o great_a that_o never_o any_o body_n yet_o dig_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o the_o land_n which_o they_o intend_v to_o marle_n in_o this_o province_n be_v common_o plough_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o may_n and_o lie_v five_o or_o six_o week_n until_o it_o be_v sufficient_o dry_v and_o mellow_a by_o the_o sun_n and_o wind_n they_o harrow_v it_o and_o then_o have_v bring_v the_o marl_n upon_o it_o five_o or_o six_o week_n after_o it_o be_v plough_v again_o and_o a_o three_o time_n about_o september_n after_o which_o three_o plough_v they_o sow_v it_o with_o wheat_n or_o barley_n whereof_o they_o have_v a_o very_a rich_a crop_n the_o next_o year_n sect._n 5._o property_n and_o usage_n of_o the_o marled-land_n in_o connaught_n land_n marl_v in_o that_o manner_n as_o we_o have_v say_v may_v be_v sow_v ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n together_o the_o first_o eight_o or_o nine-with_a wheat_n and_o bear_v or_o barley_n and_o the_o remain_v three_o or_o four_o year_n with_o oat_n afterward_o the_o land_n be_v turn_v to_o pasture_n and_o have_v serve_v some_o year_n in_o that_o kind_n it_o may_v be_v marl_v anew_o and_o make_v as_o good_a for_o corn_n as_o at_o the_o first_o for_o the_o observation_n of_o those_o of_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n that_o land_n may_v not_o be_v marl_v more_o than_o once_o do_v not_o take_v place_n in_o connaught_n where_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a thing_n have_v some_o space_n of_o year_n to_o make_v it_o again_o i_o know_v some_o gentleman_n who_o have_v cause_v some_o parcel_n of_o land_n to_o be_v marl_v thrice_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o year_n and_o have_v find_v very_o good_a profit_n by_o it_o but_o whether_o this_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o marl_n appear_v also_o hereby_o that_o in_o connaught_n they_o scarce_o lay_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o marle_n on_o the_o ground_n of_o what_o they_o do_v in_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n or_o by_o the_o carelessness_n or_o want_n of_o experience_n of_o those_o of_o that_o county_n i_o be_o not_o yet_o full_o inform_v but_o thus_o much_o be_v know_v as_o well_o in_o connaught_n as_o other_o part_n that_o those_o who_o sow_v the_o marled-land_n until_o it_o can_v bear_v no_o more_o and_o be_v quite_o out_o of_o heart_n will_v find_v it_o exceed_v difficult_a if_o not_o altogether_o impossible_a ever_o to_o amend_v or_o improve_v

there_o will_v scarce_o have_v be_v leave_v one_o acre_n of_o bog_n of_o what_o be_v in_o the_o land_n and_o possessiion_n of_o the_o english_a except_o only_o those_o place_n who_o situation_n be_v altogether_o repugnant_a to_o drain_n because_o that_o the_o water_n either_o through_o the_o hollowness_n of_o the_o place_n as_o in_o the_o enclose_a valley_n and_o deep_a dale_n between_o the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n or_o through_o the_o too_o great_a evenness_n &_o plainness_n of_o the_o ground_n not_o incline_v to_o any_o one_o part_n more_o than_o another_o can_v be_v draw_v away_o at_o all_o and_o except_o such_o parcel_n as_o needs_o must_v have_v be_v keep_v for_o turf_n and_o red_a bog_n who_o be_v very_o unfit_a for_o drain_n for_o the_o trench_n be_v make_v the_o earth_n on_o both_o side_n will_v sink_v into_o they_o again_o and_o choke_v they_o up_o sect._n 4._o profit_n reap_v by_o the_o drain_n of_o bogs_n this_o drain_n of_o the_o bog_n as_o it_o tend_v not_o a_o little_a to_o the_o general_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a land_n by_o amend_v of_o the_o air_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o say_v more_o in_o some_o other_o place_n and_o otherwise_o so_o it_o bring_v great_a profit_n unto_o the_o author_n for_o the_o land_n or_o soil_n of_o the_o bog_n be_v in_o most_o place_n good_a of_o itself_o and_o there_o beside_o great_o enrich_v by_o the_o lie_v still_o and_o the_o soak_v in_o of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o space_n of_o so_o many_o year_n the_o same_o be_v dry_v through_o the_o drain_n of_o the_o water_n be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o sit_v either_o to_o have_v corn_n sow_v upon_o or_o to_o be_v turn_v into_o pasture_n make_v also_o excellent_a meadow_n so_o as_o those_o who_o have_v try_v that_o do_v affirm_v that_o the_o meadow_n gain_v out_o of_o the_o bog_n may_v be_v compare_v with_o the_o very_o best_a of_o their_o other_o meadow_n yea_o many_o time_n surpass_v the_o same_o in_o goodness_n &_o this_o take_v place_n chief_o in_o the_o grassy_a bog_n or_o shak_v bog_n who_o fruitfulness_n in_o this_o particular_a &_o in_o the_o plentiful_a production_n of_o very_a sweet_a and_o deep_a grass_n after_o the_o drain_n off_o the_o water_n be_v very_o wonderful_a and_o all_o this_o without_o any_o other_o trouble_n or_o cost_n bestow_v upon_o these_o meadow_n than_o that_o they_o dung_v they_o the_o first_o year_n to_o warm_v they_o the_o better_a and_o the_o soon_o and_o more_o thorough_o to_o amend_v the_o remainder_n of_o that_o coldness_n and_o rawness_n contract_v through_o that_o long_a and_o constant_a continuance_n of_o the_o water_n upon_o they_o after_o which_o once_o dung_v afterward_o for_o a_o good_a many_o year_n nothing_o else_o need_v to_o be_v do_v to_o they_o sect._n 5._o the_o manner_n of_o drain_n the_o bog_n this_o drain_n of_o the_o bog_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o manner_n follow_v on_o that_o side_n of_o the_o bog_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v somewhat_o slope_v they_o cut_v a_o broad_a deep_a trench_n begin_v it_o in_o the_o firm_a ground_n and_o advancing_z it_o unto_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o bog_n into_o which_o trench_n the_o water_n will_v sink_v out_o of_o the_o next_o part_n of_o the_o bog_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o that_o many_o time_n so_o sudden_o as_o if_o a_o great_a sluice_n have_v be_v open_v so_o as_o the_o labourer_n be_v constrain_v to_o run_v out_o of_o it_o with_o all_o speed_n lest_o the_o ●orce_n of_o the_o water_n shall_v overwhelm_v and_o carry_v they_o away_o some_o part_n of_o the_o bog_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v grow_v reasonable_a dry_a within_o a_o short_a space_n of_o time_n opportunity_n thereby_o be_v minister_v to_o advance_v the_o trench_n further_o into_o the_o bog_n and_o so_o by_o little_a and_o little_o they_o go_v on_o with_o it_o until_o at_o last_o they_o carry_v it_o quite_o across_o the_o bog_n from_o the_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o and_o have_v do_v this_o they_o make_v a_o great_a many_o lesser_a trench_n out_o of_o the_o main_a one_o on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o same_o the_o which_o bring_v the_o water_n from_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o bog_n unto_o the_o main_a trench_n do_v in_o a_o little_a while_n empty_a the_o bog_n of_o all_o its_o superfluous_a moisture_n and_o turn_v it_o into_o good_a and_o firm_a ground_n sect._n 6._o observation_n about_o the_o fall_n and_o settle_v of_o the_o bog_n at_o their_o drain_n the_o green_a or_o grassie-bog_n the_o which_o have_v all_o their_o moisture_n and_o water_n inward_o be_v thereby_o wonderful_o swell_v and_o pu_v up_o use_v by_o mean_n of_o this_o drain_n to_o fall_n very_o much_o and_o to_o grow_v a_o great_a deal_n low_o and_o that_o not_o only_o apparent_o so_o that_o the_o ground_n which_o before_o the_o drayn_n be_v five_a or_o six_o foot_n high_a come_v at_o last_o to_o be_v not_o above_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n high_a but_o sometime_o also_o sudden_o and_o within_o the_o space_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o or_o eight_o and_o forty_o hour_n whereas_o ordinary_o that_o use_v to_o come_v to_o pass_v in_o great_a length_n of_o time_n and_o although_o the_o ground_n by_o fall_v in_o this_o manner_n may_v seem_v thereby_o to_o have_v be_v subject_a to_o return_v to_o its_o former_a boggy_a condition_n on_o the_o least_o occasion_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o trench_n be_v keep_v open_a and_o thereby_o the_o passage_n keep_v free_a for_o the_o water_n which_o from_o time_n to_o time_n will_v from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o drayned_a bog_n be_v sink_v into_o they_o this_o water_n as_o at_o the_o first_o drain_n so_o ever_o after_o be_v by_o the_o main_a trench_n carry_v unto_o some_o brook_n river_n or_o lough_n according_a as_o one_o or_o other_o of_o they_o be_v next_o at_o hand_n and_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o land_n will_v give_v opportunity_n chap._n xv._n of_o the_o wood_n in_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o wood_n in_o ireland_n be_v reckon_v among_o the_o barren_a land_n and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o among_o the_o barren_a part_n of_o ireland_n the_o wood_n must_v also_o be_v count_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a division_n of_o the_o land_n of_o that_o kingdom_n whereby_o reckon_v for_o fruitful_a only_o the_o meadow_n arable-ground_n and_o pasture_n they_o count_v all_o the_o rest_n for_o barren_a comprehend_v they_o under_o these_o three_o general_a head_n bog_n barren-mountain_n and_o wood_n which_o division_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o mouth_n of_o all_o they_o that_o have_v any_o insight_n into_o the_o matter_n of_o that_o land_n and_o do_v or_o have_v live_v there_o so_o it_o be_v further_o confirm_v by_o a_o number_n of_o write_n and_o monument_n both_o of_o ancient_a time_n and_o late_a one_o in_o the_o which_o it_o be_v very_o common_a and_o familiar_a as_o for_o instance_n may_v appear_v by_o those_o several_a act_n which_o since_o this_o last_o rebellion_n of_o the_o irish_a have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o adventurer_n who_o have_v lay_v out_o their_o money_n for_o the_o reconquer_a of_o the_o revolt_a part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n for_o although_o the_o land_n which_o the_o wood_n do_v take_v up_o be_v in_o itself_o very_o good_a in_o most_o place_n and_o apt_a to_o bear_v both_o corn_n and_o grass_n plentiful_o whereof_o more_o shall_v be_v say_v by_o and_o by_o yet_o as_o long_o as_o the_o wood_n remain_v stand_v it_o be_v unfit_a not_o only_o to_o be_v make_v either_o arable_a or_o meadow_n as_o in_o itself_o be_v most_o evident_a but_o even_o for_o pasture_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o overmuch_a moisture_n the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n stay_v the_o rain-water_n so_o as_o it_o have_v not_o the_o liberty_n to_o pass_v away_o ready_o and_o their_o stem_n and_o branch_n hinder_v the_o free_a access_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o sun_n whereunto_o come_v in_o many_o part_v the_o ground_n own_o wateriness_n occasion_v by_o spring_n there_o arise_v and_o by_o its_o situation_n apt_a for_o the_o gather_n and_o keep_v of_o water_n which_o make_v they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o muddy_a and_o boggy_a that_o cattle_n can_v convenient_o feed_v in_o they_o sect._n 2._o wood_n much_o diminish_v in_o ireland_n since_o the_o first_o come_v in_o of_o the_o english_a in_o ancient_a time_n and_o as_o long_o as_o the_o land_n be_v in_o the_o full_a possession_n of_o the_o irish_a themselves_o all_o ireland_n be_v very_o full_a of_o wood_n on_o every_o side_n as_o evident_o appear_v by_o the_o write_n of_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la who_o come_v into_o ireland_n upon_o the_o first_o conquest_n in_o the_o company_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o england_n in_o the_o year_n of_o

the_o ordure_n of_o the_o street_n be_v under_o ground_n convey_v into_o the_o city_n ditch_n pass_v under_o the_o yard_n wherein_a the_o say_v well_o dam_v up_o since_o this_o sad_a accident_n do_v stand_v so_o as_o it_o may_v be_v probable_o believe_v that_o that_o deadly_a infection_n of_o the_o air_n within_o the_o same_o well_o have_v partly_o be_v cause_v through_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o same_o sewer_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o freestone_n marble_n flint_n slate_n and_o seacoles_n which_o be_v find_v in_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o freestone_n have_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n treat_v of_o the_o metal_n and_o mineral_n which_o be_v find_v in_o ireland_n we_o shall_v now_o go_v on_o to_o speak_v of_o several_a other_o substance_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n there_o of_o a_o less_o noble_a nature_n but_o nevertheless_o profitable_a and_o serve_v for_o several_a good_a use_n to_o begin_v with_o freestone_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o it_o the_o one_o be_v gray_a or_o ash-coloured_a and_o the_o other_o blue_a which_o both_o for_o the_o most_o part_n lie_v in_o the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o ground_n cover_v over_o with_o very_o little_a earth_n be_v raise_v with_o small_a labour_n and_o charge_n whereas_o in_o most_o other_o country_n it_o be_v as_o much_o labour_n to_o dig_v freestone_n as_o the_o metal_n themselves_o the_o blue_a freestone_n be_v not_o very_o abundant_a and_o as_o little_a in_o request_n as_o unfit_a for_o great_a building_n it_o lie_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o small_a unshape_o piece_n and_o when_o they_o be_v big_a common_o break_v in_o the_o raise_n and_o hew_v partly_o through_o the_o unskilfullness_n of_o the_o workman_n there_o and_o chief_o because_o they_o be_v exceed_o hard_a and_o can_v well_o endure_v the_o iron_n the_o gray_a freestone_n which_o be_v find_v very_o abundant_o in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o land_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a nature_n and_o may_v easy_o be_v cut_v out_o into_o stone_n of_o all_o bigness_n or_o fashion_n wherefore_o also_o this_o sort_n have_v be_v use_v by_o the_o english_a to_o all_o the_o church_n castle_n and_o edifice_n which_o since_o the_o conquest_n have_v be_v build_v by_o they_o for_o the_o irish_a themselves_o never_o have_v the_o skill_n nor_o industry_n to_o erect_v any_o considerable_a building_n of_o freestone_n brick_n or_o other_o the_o like_a material_n their_o dwelling_n be_v very_o poor_a and_o contemptible_a cottage_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o english_a at_o their_o first_o come_v find_v several_a maritine-towne_n in_o ireland_n with_o stonewall_n and_o house_n the_o church_n also_o not_o only_o in_o those_o but_o in_o many_o other_o town_n be_v of_o the_o same_o but_o build_v by_o stranger_n who_o be_v come_v out_o of_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n have_v settle_v themselves_o there_o inhabit_v several_a part_n of_o the_o seacoast_n some_o age_n before_o the_o english-conquest_n which_o people_n call_v themselves_o oastman_n or_o easterling_n all_o those_o country_n of_o the_o which_o they_o be_v come_v be_v situate_v to_o the_o east_n of_o ireland_n sect._n 2._o certain_a evil_a property_n of_o the_o irish_a freestone_n this_o sort_n of_o grey_a freestone_n in_o ireland_n have_v a_o bad_a quality_n that_o it_o draw_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n continual_o to_o it_o and_o so_o become_v dank_a and_o wet_a both_o in_o and_o outside_n especial_o in_o time_n of_o much_o rain_n to_o mend_v this_o inconvenience_n the_o english_a do_v wainscot_n those_o wall_n with_o oak_n or_o other_o board_n or_o line_v they_o with_o a_o thin_a crust_n of_o brick_n sect_n 3._o of_o the_o marble_n beside_o the_o freestone_n which_o be_v almost_o in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o land_n there_o be_v marble_n find_v in_o many_o place_n of_o several_a sort_n one_o be_v red_a streak_v with_o white_a and_o other_o colour_n such_o as_o with_o a_o peculiar_a name_n be_v call_v porphyre_n other_o black_a very_o curious_o streak_v with_o white_a and_o some_o all_o of_o one_o colour_n the_o first_o two_o sort_n be_v find_v but_o in_o small_a quantity_n especial_o the_o second_o but_o the_o last_o be_v very_o abundant_a in_o some_o place_n but_o most_o about_o kilkenny_n where_o not_o only_o many_o house_n be_v build_v of_o the_o same_o but_o whole_a street_n be_v pave_v with_o it_o sect._n 4._o description_n of_o the_o marble-quarrie_n at_o kilkenny_n the_o quarry_n out_o of_o which_o they_o have_v their_o marble_n at_o kilkenney_n be_v not_o above_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o town_n and_o belong_v to_o no_o body_n in_o particular_a lie_v in_o common_a for_o all_o the_o townsman_n who_o at_o any_o time_n may_v fetch_v as_o much_o out_o of_o it_o as_o seem_v good_a unto_o they_o without_o pay_v any_o thing_n for_o it_o it_o be_v in_o fashion_n like_o unto_o quarry_n of_o freestone_n to_o wit_n a_o wide_a open_a pit_n whereout_o stone_n and_o pillar_n of_o great_a thickness_n and_o height_n may_v be_v dig_v this_o marble_n whilst_o it_o be_v rude_a and_o as_o it_o come_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n look_v grayish_a but_o be_v polish_v it_o get_v a_o fine_a bluish_a colour_n draw_v somewhat_o towards_o the_o black_a sect._n 5._o of_o the_o flint_n although_o flint_n be_v not_o dig_v from_o under_o the_o ground_n yet_o shall_v we_o give_v they_o a_o place_n next_o to_o the_o freestone_n and_o marble_n because_o of_o the_o affinity_n which_o they_o have_v with_o they_o they_o be_v find_v in_o every_o part_n of_o ireland_n in_o great_a abundance_n near_o the_o seaside_n within_o the_o land_n upon_o the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n and_o in_o the_o river_n many_o of_o which_o have_v not_o only_o their_o bank_n cover_v with_o they_o but_o also_o the_o bottom_n of_o their_o channel_n and_o that_o for_o great_a space_n together_o which_o as_o they_o be_v o●_n all_o size_n and_o fashion_n so_o of_o very_o different_a colour_n sect._n 6._o of_o the_o slate_n in_o sundry_a part_n of_o ireland_n slate_n be_v find_v in_o great_a abundance_n and_o that_o nothing_o deep_a within_o the_o ground_n just_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o freestone_n so_o as_o it_o may_v be_v raise_v with_o little_a charge_n and_o labour_n wherefore_o at_o all_o time_n it_o have_v be_v much_o use_v by_o the_o english_a inhabitant_n for_o the_o cover_n of_o their_o house_n and_o other_o building_n nevertheless_o some_o year_n since_o in_o place_n near_o the_o sea_n especial_o at_o dublin_n that_o kind_n of_o holland_n tile_n which_o by_o they_o be_v call_v pannen_n begin_v to_o be_v use_v general_o the_o merchant_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v in_o from_o thence_o in_o great_a abundance_n because_o in_o ireland_n they_o have_v neither_o convenient_a stuff_n to_o make_v they_o of_o nor_o workman_n skilful_a in_o that_o business_n although_o the_o common_a tile_n usual_a in_o many_o part_n of_o england_n and_o other_o country_n be_v make_v and_o use_v in_o several_a place_n within_o the_o land_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o cover_v in_o use_n both_o for_o church_n and_o house_n to_o wit_n a_o certain_a sort_n of_o wooden_a tile_n vulgar_o call_v shingles_n the_o which_o be_v sight_n enough_o at_o the_o first_o but_o do_v not_o many_o year_n continue_v so_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o change_v they_o often_o which_o thing_n proper_o not_o appertain_v to_o this_o chapter_n we_o nevertheless_o for_o affinity_n sake_n have_v think_v not_o amiss_o here_o to_o mention_v some_o year_n ago_o another_o kind_n of_o slate_n have_v be_v discover_v in_o ireland_n which_o for_o the_o colours-sake_n be_v call_v black-slate_n be_v of_o a_o blackish_a colour_n which_o be_v come_v into_o great_a esteem_n not_o so_o much_o for_o the_o ordinary_a use_n of_o cover_v house_n for_o which_o they_o be_v no_o better_a than_o common_a slate_n but_o because_o it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o experience_n very_o good_a and_o medicinal_a against_o several_a disease_n especial_o to_o stay_v all_o kind_n of_o bleed_v and_o to_o hinder_v that_o after_o fall_v and_o bruise_n the_o blood_n do_v not_o congeal_v within_o the_o body_n sect._n 7._o of_o the_o sea-coal_n the_o tree_n and_o wood_n have_v be_v so_o much_o destroy_v in_o ireland_n as_o heretofore_o we_o have_v show_v and_o consequent_o wood_n for_o fire_v be_v very_o dear_a in_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v necessitate_v to_o make_v use_n of_o other_o fuel_n viz._n of_o turf_n and_o of_o sea-coal_n of_o the_o turf_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n as_o for_o sea-coal_n they_o be_v the_o ordinary_a fire_n in_o dublin_n &_o in_o other_o place_n lie_v near_o the_o sea_n where_o the_o same_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n be_v bring_v in_o out_o of_o

but_o all_o the_o wall_n quite_o through_o and_o at_o the_o outside_n as_o well_o as_o at_o the_o inside_n be_v perfect_o burn_v and_o turn_v into_o good_a brick_n wherein_o oftentimes_o through_o the_o unskilfulness_n or_o neglect_n of_o those_o who_o make_v &_o fill_v these_o kiln_n and_o of_o those_o that_o govern_v the_o fire_n there_o be_v great_a loss_n and_o that_o two_o manner_n of_o way_n for_o sometime_o great_a part_n of_o the_o brick_n be_v find_v not_o to_o be_v sufficient_o nor_o uniform_o burn_v and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o fall_v out_o oftentimes_o that_o great_a quantity_n be_v reduce_v into_o one_o be_v burn_v or_o half-burnt_a into_o great_a unshape_o mass_n or_o lump_n which_o be_v good_a for_o nothing_o they_o do_v common_o burn_v in_o those_o kiln_n two_o or_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o brick_n at_o a_o time_n the_o which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n all_o charge_n be_v reckon_v come_v to_o stand_v betwixt_o six_o and_o eight_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o thousand_o sect._n 8._o of_o the_o glass_n make_v in_o ireland_n we_o shall_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o the_o glass_n there_o have_v be_v several_a glass-house_n set_v up_o by_o the_o english_a in_o ireland_n none_o in_o dublin_n or_o other_o city_n but_o all_o of_o they_o in_o the_o country_n among_o which_o the_o principal_a be_v that_o of_o birre_n a_o market-town_n otherwise_o call_v parsons-town_n after_o one_o sir_n laurence_n parson_n who_o have_v purchase_v that_o lordship_n build_v a_o goodly_a house_n upon_o it_o his_o son_n william_n parson_n have_v succeed_v he_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o which_o town_n be_v situate_a in_o queen_n county_n about_o fifty_o mile_n to_o the_o south-west_n of_o dublin_n upon_o the_o border_n of_o the_o two_o province_n of_o leinster_n and_o munster_n from_o this_o place_n dublin_n be_v furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o window_n and_o drinking-glass_n and_o such_o other_o as_o common_o be_v in_o use_n one_o part_n of_o the_o material_n viz._n the_o sand_n they_o have_v out_o of_o england_n the_o other_o to_o wit_n the_o ash_n they_o make_v in_o the_o place_n of_o ash-tree_n and_o use_v no_o other_o the_o chief_a difficulty_n be_v to_o get_v the_o clay_n for_o the_o pot_n to_o melt_v the_o material_n in_o this_o they_o have_v out_o of_o the_o north._n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o temperature_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n and_o season_n in_o ireland_n as_o for_o heat_n cold_a and_o moisture_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o cold_a weather_n and_o the_o frost_n although_o the_o climate_n of_o ireland_n be_v somewhat_o northerly_a the_o land_n extend_v itself_o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o one_o and_o fifty_o degree_n of_o latitude_n until_o the_o end_n of_o the_o five_o and_o fifty_o nevertheless_o be_v the_o air_n there_o very_o temperate_a and_o nothing_o subject_a to_o violent_a cold_n not_o only_o in_o munster_n leinster_n and_o connaught_n but_o even_o in_o the_o most_o northern-part_n to_o wit_v the_o province_n of_o ulster_n much_o less_o than_o any_o other_o land_n lie_v in_o the_o same_o height_n or_o latitude_n yea_o than_o many_o country_n of_o a_o much_o more_o southerly-climate_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o cold-weather_n do_v common_o begin_v here_o somewhat_o soon_o namely_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o middle_n or_o latter_a end_n of_o september_n continue_v ordinary_o the_o space_n of_o five_o or_o six_o month_n until_o the_o midst_n or_o latter_a end_n of_o march_n and_o sometime_o also_o good_a part_n of_o april_n during_o which_o whole_a space_n of_o time_n all_o such_o person_n as_o be_v chilly_a and_o cold_a of_o nature_n and_o do_v sit_v still_o much_o can_v hardly_o be_v any_o long_a while_n without_o a_o fire_n but_o again_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v very_o seldom_o violent_o cold_a there_o and_o freeze_v but_o little_a there_o be_v common_o three_o or_o four_o frost_n in_o one_o winter_n but_o they_o be_v very_o short_a seldom_o last_v long_o than_o three_o or_o four_o day_n together_o &_o withal_o at_o their_o very_a worst_a nothing_o near_o so_o violent_a as_o in_o most_o other_o country_n so_o that_o some_o all_o winter_n long_o hardly_o come_v near_o a_o fire_n once_o in_o a_o day_n and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o the_o ordinary_a cold_a weather_n but_o even_o whilst_o it_o be_v a_o freeze_a yea_o many_o time_n the_o cold_a be_v so_o slack_a even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o winter-moneth_n that_o by_o walk_v only_o or_o do_v some_o other_o moderate_a exercise_n you_o shall_v find_v yourself_o as_o warm_v and_o the_o air_n as_o sweet_a and_o pleasant_a as_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o month_n of_o may._n there_o have_v be_v some_o winter_n wherein_o it_o have_v freeze_v ten_o or_o twelve_o day_n together_o so_o as_o the_o liffie_a and_o other_o the_o like_a river_n be_v quite_o freeze_v and_o may_v be_v go_v upon_o by_o man_n and_o beast_n but_o those_o be_v altogether_o extraordinary_a and_o do_v come_v very_o seldom_o hardly_o once_o in_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n but_o how_o mild_a they_o ordinary_o be_v and_o how_o little_a subject_n to_o excessive_a cold_a may_v appear_v hereby_o that_o all_o kind_n of_o beast_n and_o cattle_n as_o cow_n horse_n and_o sheep_n do_v there_o all_o winter_n long_o remain_v abroad_o and_o do_v ●eed_o in_o the_o field_n where_o they_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o nighttime_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o day_n and_o that_o many_o herb_n which_o in_o england_n and_o netherlands_n do●_n die_v every_o winter_n here_o continue_v all_o the_o year_n long_o sect._n 2._o of_o the_o warm-weather_n and_o as_o the_o cold_a in_o winter_n be_v very_o moderate_a and_o tolerable_a so_o be_v also_o the_o heat_n in_o summer_n the_o which_o be_v seldom_o so_o great_a even_o in_o the_o hot_a time_n of_o the_o year_n as_o to_o be_v great_o troublesome_a and_o it_o fall_v out_o oft_o enough_o in_o the_o very_a summer-moneth_n that_o the_o weather_n be_v more_o inclinable_a to_o cold_a than_o to_o heat_n so_o as_o one_o may_v very_o well_o endure_v to_o come_v near_o a_o good_a fire_n and_o this_o come_v to_o pass_v only_o during_o the_o wet-weather_n for_o else_o and_o whilst_o it_o be_v fair_a it_o be_v very_o warm_a all_o summer_n long_o albeit_o seldom_o overhot_a and_o so_o it_o be_v many_o time_n also_o even_o on_o the_o rainy_a day_n whereas_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v very_o cool_a in_o they_o and_o the_o heat_n much_o less_o than_o the_o season_n do_v require_v sect._n 3_o of_o the_o rain_n and_o we●-weather_n the_o rain_n be_v very_o ordinary_a in_o ireland_n and_o it_o rain_v there_o very_a much_o all_o the_o year_n long_o in_o the_o summer_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o winter_n common_o in_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o year_n it_o be_v very_o fair_a weather_n with_o clear_a sunshine_n from_o morning_n till_o night_n for_o the_o space_n of_o five_o or_o six_o week_n together_o with_o very_o little_a or_o no_o interruption_n which_o fair_a weather_n begin_v common_o in_o the_o mon●th_n of_o march_n some_o year_n in_o the_o beginning_n other_o year_n in_o the_o midst_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o it_o but_o the_o same_o be_v once_o past_a it_o rain_v afterward_o very_o much_o all_o the_o summer_n long_o so_o as_o it_o be_v a_o rare_a thing_n to_o see_v a_o whole_a week_n pass_v without_o it_o and_o many_o summer_n it_o be_v never_o dry_a weather_n two_o or_o three_o day_n together_o which_o inconstancy_n and_o wetness_n of_o the_o weather_n be_v not_o only_o troublesome_a to_o man_n but_o also_o hurtful_a to_o all_o thing_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n for_o man_n behoof_n for_o the_o heat_n never_o be_v very_o great_a and_o there_o beside_o often_o interrupt_v by_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o foul_a weather_n have_v neither_o time_n nor_o strength_n enough_o to_o ripen_v they_o so_o well_o and_o so_o soon_o as_o otherwise_o it_o will_v whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o as_o well_o the_o fruit_n of_o tree_n as_o the_o corn_n and_o grass_n here_o common_o much_o ●ater_n do_v come_v to_o perfection_n than_o in_o the_o most_o part_n of_o other_o neighbour_a country_n and_o as_o the_o ripeness_n of_o the_o fruit_n and_o other_o increase_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v great_o retard_v by_o the_o abundance_n of_o unseasonable_a rain_n so_o it_o do_v also_o fall_v out_o oftentimes_o that_o the_o same_o be_v come_v to_o ripeness_n it_o be_v difficult_a to_o get_v they_o in_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o exceed_a store_n of_o rain_n which_o do_v come_v down_o during_o the_o hay-time_n and_o the_o harvest_n wherefore_o it_o behove_v one_o here_o to_o be_v wonderful_a diligent_a and_o not_o to_o lose_v any_o part_n of_o the_o fair_a weather_n

for_o else_o one_o will_v run_v great_a hazard_n to_o sustain_v great_a loss_n and_o to_o have_v all_o spoil_v but_o those_o that_o be_v vigilant_a and_o careful_a and_o that_o lose_v no_o occasion_n at_o all_o do_v common_o in_o the_o end_n get_v in_o their_o increase_n well_o enough_o notwithstanding_o all_o those_o great_a hindrance_n so_o that_o there_o be_v as_o few_o year_n of_o dearth_n in_o ireland_n as_o in_o any_o other_o country_n of_o christendom_n and_o most_o year_n there_o be_v not_o only_a corn_n enough_o get_v for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o a_o great_a deal_n over_o and_o above_o for_o the_o send_v out_o of_o great_a quantity_n of_o grain_n into_o other_o country_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o fair_a weather_n in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o autumn_n in_o the_o foul_a weather_n the_o night_n be_v often_o fair_a in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o autumn_n weather_n be_v common_o fair_a again_o for_o some_o week_n together_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o spring_n but_o not_o so_o long_o which_o as_o it_o do_v serve_v for_o to_o dry_v up_o and_o to_o get_v in_o the_o corn_n and_o hay_n which_o till_o then_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o field_n the_o too_o much_o wet_a have_v hinder_v it_o from_o be_v bring_v away_o soon_o so_o it_o give_v the_o opportunity_n of_o plough_v the_o ground_n and_o sow_v the_o winter-corn_n the_o which_o otherwise_o will_v very_o hardly_o be_v do_v for_o that_o season_n be_v once_o past_a you_o have_v very_o little_a dry_a weather_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o autumn_n and_o during_o all_o winter_n and_o although_o it_o do_v seldom_o rain_v continual_o for_o many_o day_n together_o yet_o be_v the_o wetness_n very_o great_a and_o few_o week_n do_v pass_v wherein_o be_v not_o two_o or_o three_o rainy_a day_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o ordinary_o it_o rain_v in_o ireland_n much_o more_o by_o day_n than_o by_o night_n and_o that_o many_o time_n when_o it_o do_v rain_v two_o or_o three_o day_n together_o the_o night_n between_o be_v very_o clear_a and_o fair_a the_o which_o also_o many_o time_n fall_v out_o in_o other_o foul_a weather_n and_o when_o all_o day_n long_o the_o sky_n be_v overcast_v with_o cloud_n and_o mist_n sect._n 5._o some_o dry_a summer_n in_o ireland_n but_o hardly_o ever_o any_o too_o dry_a but_o although_o it_o be_v ordinary_o thus_o in_o ireland_n yet_o the_o same_o inconstancy_n and_o variableness_n of_o year_n and_o season_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o most_o other_o country_n do_v also_o here_o occur_v and_o that_o more_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o summer_n &_o dry_a weather_n than_o of_o the_o winter_n and_o cold_a for_o it_o be_v marvellous_a seldom_o to_o have_v there_o a_o hard_a winter_n and_o long_o ●rost_v but_o summer_n have_v be_v which_o be_v full_a of_o very_o dry_a and_o fair_a and_o pleasant_a weather_n but_o as_o winter_n cruel_o cold_a so_o likewise_o over-dry_a summer_n do_v in_o this_o island_n hardly_o come_v once_o in_o a_o age_n and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a say_n in_o ireland_n that_o the_o very_a dry_v summer_n there_o never_o hurt_v the_o land_n for_o although_o the_o corn_n and_o grass_n upon_o the_o high_a and_o dry_a ground_n may_v get_v harm_n nevertheless_o the_o country_n in_o general_n get_v more_o good_a than_o hurt_n by_o it_o and_o when_o any_o dearth_n fall_v out_o to_o be_v in_o ireland_n they_o be_v not_o cause_v through_o immoderate_a heat_n and_o drought_n as_o in_o most_o other_o country_n but_o through_o too_o much_o wet_a and_o excessive_a rain_n sect._n 6._o amendment_n of_o the_o wet_a air_n in_o ireland_n how_o to_o be_v expect_v so_o that_o the_o irish-air_n be_v great_o defectuous_a in_o this_o part_n and_o too_o much_o subject_n to_o wet_a and_o rainy_a weather_n wherein_o if_o it_o be_v of_o somewhat_o a_o better_a temperature_n and_o as_o free_v from_o too_o much_o wet_a as_o it_o be_v from_o excessive_a cold_a it_o will_v be_v one_o of_o the_o sweet_a and_o pleasant_a in_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o very_o few_o country_n can_v be_v name_v that_o may_v be_v compare_v with_o ireland_n for_o agreeable_a temperateness_n and_o although_o it_o be_v unlikely_a that_o any_o revolution_n of_o time_n will_v produce_v any_o considerable_a alteration_n in_o this_o the_o which_o indeed_o in_o some_o other_o country_n have_v cause_v wonderful_a change_n because_o that_o those_o who_o many_o age_n ago_o have_v write_v of_o this_o island_n do_v witness_v the_o self_n same_o thing_n of_o it_o in_o this_o particular_a as_o we_o do_v find_v in_o our_o time_n there_o be_v nevertheless_o great_a probability_n that_o this_o defect_n may_v in_o part_n be_v amend_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n if_o the_o country_n be_v once_o inhabit_v throughout_o by_o a_o civil_a nation_n care_n be_v take_v every_o where_o to_o diminish_v and_o take_v away_o the_o superfluous_a and_o excessive_a wetness_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o all_o the_o watery_a and_o boggy_a place_n whereby_o this_o too_o great_a moystness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v great_o increase_v and_o partly_o also_o occasion_v this_o opinion_n be_v not_o ground_v upon_o some_o uncertain_a speculation_n but_o upon_o assure_a experience_n for_o several_a know_v and_o credible_a person_n have_v affirm_v to_o i_o that_o already_o some_o year_n since_o good_a beginning_n have_v be_v see_v of_o it_o and_o that_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o land_n well_o inhabit_v with_o english_a and_o where_o great_a extent_n of_o bog_n have_v be_v drain_v and_o reduce_v to_o dry_a land_n it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o some_o year_n one_o after_o another_o that_o they_o have_v have_v a_o dry_a air_n and_o much_o less_o trouble_v with_o rain_n than_o in_o former_a time_n herewith_o agree_v what_o we_o read_v in_o that_o famous_a writer_n pliny_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o seventeen_o book_n of_o his_o natural_a history_n concern_v that_o part_n of_o macedon_n wherein_o the_o city_n philippi_n be_v seat_v where_o the_o air_n former_o have_v be_v very_o rainy_a be_v great_o amend_v by_o the_o alter_a the_o wetness_n of_o the_o ground_n his_o word_n be_v these_o circa_n philippos_n cultura_fw-la siccata_fw-la regio_fw-la mutavit_fw-la coeli_fw-la habitum_fw-la that_o be_v word_n for_o word_n the_o country_n about_o philippi_n be_v dry_v up_o through_o tillage_n have_v alter_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o air._n chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o dew_n mist_n snow_n hail_o hoar-frost_n thunder_n and_o lightning_n earthquake_n and_o wind_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o dew_n the_o naturalist_n and_o geographer_n do_v assure_v we_o that_o it_o dew_v exceed_o in_o the_o hot_a and_o dry_a country_n and_o that_o the_o less_o it_o use_v to_o rain_v in_o a_o country_n the_o dew_n do_v fall_v there_o the_o more_o abundant_o whereby_o it_o shall_v seem_v to_o follow_v that_o in_o the_o wet_a climate_n it_o dew_v very_o little_a and_o consequent_o that_o in_o ireland_n where_o it_o rain_v so_o very_a much_o the_o dew_n must_v be_v very_o scanty_a but_o there_o be_v as_o much_o dew_n there_o as_o in_o other_o country_n that_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n hot_a and_o dry_a only_o thus_o much_o experience_n do_v show_v in_o ireland_n and_o it_o may_v be_v as_o well_o in_o other_o country_n whereof_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o inform_v myself_o that_o when_o it_o be_v towards_o any_o great_a rain_n little_a or_o no_o dew_n do_v fall_v so_o as_o in_o those_o time_n go_v forth_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n into_o the_o green_a field_n you_o will_v find_v they_o altogether_o dry_a and_o that_o even_o in_o that_o season_n wherein_o the_o dew_n in_o ireland_n as_o in_o other_o neighbour_a country_n use_v to_o fall_v more_o abundant_o than_o in_o any_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n this_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o great_a rain_n be_v to_o fall_v sudden_o and_o common_o after_o such_o a_o dry_a and_o dewless_a night_n it_o use_v to_o rain_v two_o or_o three_o day_n together_o but_o the_o precede_a rain_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o dew_n in_o that_o manner_n as_o that_o which_o be_v imminent_a and_o it_o be_v find_v ordinary_o that_o in_o a_o clear_a night_n follow_a a_o rainy_a day_n the_o which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n the_o dew_n come_v down_o as_o liberal_o as_o if_o it_o have_v not_o rain_v the_o day_n before_o sect._n 2._o of_o may-dew_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o gather_v and_o preserve_v it_o the_o english_a woman_n and_o gentlewoman_n in_o ireland_n as_o in_o england_n do_v use_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o summer_n to_o gather_v good_a store_n of_o dew_n to_o keep_v it_o by_o they_o all_o the_o year_n after_o

as_o in_o other_o country_n and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o the_o cold_a month_n and_o during_o the_o frost_n but_o even_o in_o the_o spring_n so_o as_o common_o during_o all_o the_o fair_a weather_n of_o that_o season_n of_o some_o week_n togethet_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v heretofore_o every_o morning_n all_o the_o green_a herb_n of_o the_o garden_n and_o field_n be_v quite_o cover_v over_o with_o it_o sect._n 5._o of_o the_o thunder_n lightning_z and_o earthquake_n ireland_n be_v as_o little_a subject_n to_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n as_o any_o other_o country_n in_o the_o world_n for_o it_o be_v a_o common_a thing_n to_o see_v whole_a year_n pass_v without_o they_o and_o in_o those_o year_n wherein_a any_o be_v one_o shall_v seldom_o have_v they_o above_o once_o or_o twice_o in_o a_o summer_n and_o that_o with_o so_o weak_a noise_n of_o the_o thunder_n and_o so_o feeble_a a_o shine_a of_o the_o lightning_n that_o even_o the_o most_o fearful_a person_n be_v hardly_o frighten_v at_o all_o there-by_a much_o less_o any_o harm_n do_v to_o man_n or_o beast_n from_o earthquake_n this_o island_n be_v not_o altogether_o exempt_a but_o withal_o they_o be_v so_o seldom_o that_o they_o hardly_o come_v once_o in_o a_o age_n and_o it_o be_v so_o long_o ago_o since_o the_o last_o of_o all_o be_v that_o it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o most_o age_a person_n now_o alive_a can_v even_o remember_v sect._n 6._o of_o the_o wind_n with_o wind_n it_o be_v in_o this_o country_n almost_o as_o with_o rain_n ireland_n not_o only_o have_v its_o share_n in_o they_o as_o other_o country_n but_o be_v very_o much_o subject_n to_o they_o more_o than_o most_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n for_o the_o wind_n blow_v very_o much_o at_o all_o time_n of_o the_o year_n especial_o in_o the_o winter_n month_n when_o also_o there_o be_v many_o storm_n which_o sometime_o do_v continue_v several_a day_n together_o and_o it_o be_v worth_a the_o observation_n that_o not_o only_a storm-wind_n but_o other_o also_o do_v in_o ireland_n much_o seldome_a blow_n out_o of_o the_o east_n than_o out_o of_o the_o west_n especial_a in_o the_o winter_n so_o that_o common_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o wind_n to_o be_v waft_v over_o into_o england_n where_o to_o the_o contrary_a those_o who_o out_o of_o england_n will_v come_v over_o into_o ireland_n very_o ordinary_o be_v constrain_v to_o wait_v two_o or_o three_o week_n and_o sometime_o five_o or_o six_o week_n yea_o it_o have_v fall_v out_o so_o more_o than_o once_o that_o in_o two_o whole_a month_n and_o long_o there_o have_v not_o be_v somuch_o east-wind_n as_o to_o carry_v ship_n out_o of_o england_n into_o ireland_n notable_a instance_n whereof_o the_o history_n of_o the_o first_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n and_o that_o of_o the_o lord_n mountjoy_n subbuer_o of_o tirone_n rebellion_n do_v afford_v but_o in_o the_o summertime_n and_o chief_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n april_n and_o may_v one_o be_v not_o so_o much_o subject_n to_o that_o incommodity_n as_o in_o the_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o as_o the_o west-wind_n be_v much_o more_o common_a in_o ireland_n especial_o upon_o this_o coast_n lie_v over_o against_o great-britain_n than_o the_o east_n so_o likewise_o the_o south_n wind_n be_v much_o more_o ordinary_a there_o than_o the_o north_n which_o two_o wind_n there_o do_v seldom_o blow_v alone_o but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v accompany_v one_o of_o the_o two_o other_o especial_o the_o northwind_n the_o which_o also_o do_v often_o join_v itself_o with_o the_o east_n than_o with_o the_o west-wind_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o healthfullness_n of_o ireland_n and_o what_o sickness_n it_o be_v free_a from_o and_o subject_n unto_o sect._n 1_o many_o old_a and_o healthful_a people_n in_o ireland_n although_o ireland_n be_v obnoxious_a to_o excessive_a wetness_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v very_o wholesome_a for_o the_o habitation_n of_o man_n as_o clear_o do_v appear_v by_o that_o there_o be_v as_o few_o sickly_a person_n and_o as_o many_o people_n live_v to_o a_o great_a age_n as_o in_o any_o of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n for_o both_o man_n and_o woman_n set_v those_o aside_o who_o through_o idleness_n and_o intemperance_n do_v shorten_v their_o day_n attain_v here_o for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o a_o fair_a age_n very_o many_o live_n to_o be_v very_o old_a and_o to_o pass_v not_o only_o the_o age_n of_o fourscore_o but_o of_o fourscore_o and_o ten_o and_o several_a there_o be_v find_v at_o all_o time_n who_o do_v very_o near_o reach_v a_o hundred_o year_n some_o out-living_a and_o pass_v they_o and_o the_o most_o part_n of_o those_o age_a person_n be_v in_o very_o good_a disposition_n enjoy_v not_o only_a their_o health_n but_o also_o the_o use_n of_o their_o limb_n sense_n and_o understanding_n even_o to_o their_o utmost_a year_n among_o the_o woman_n there_o be_v several_a find_v who_o do_v retain_v not_o only_o their_o customary_a purgation_n but_o even_o their_o fruitfullness_n above_o the_o age_n of_o fifty_o year_n and_o some_o until_o that_o of_o sixty_o my_o brother_n have_v know_v some_o who_o be_v above_o threescore_o year_n old_a have_v not_o only_o conceive_v and_o bring_v forth_o child_n but_o nurse_v they_o and_o bring_v they_o up_o with_o their_o own_o milk_n be_v wonderful_a rare_a and_o almost_o unheard-of_a in_o other_o country_n sect._n 2._o ireland_n free_a from_o several_a disease_n ireland_n healthfullness_n do_v further_a appear_v by_o this_o particular_a that_o several_a disease_n very_o common_a in_o other_o country_n be_v here_o very_o rare_a and_o partly_o altogether_o unknown_a for_o the_o scurvy_a a_o evil_a so_o general_a in_o all_o other_o northerly_a country_n consign_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v until_o this_o day_n utter_o unknown_a in_o ireland_n so_o be_v the_o quartan_a ague_n the_o which_o be_v ordinary_a in_o england_n and_o in_o several_a part_n of_o it_o do_v very_o much_o reign_v at_o all_o time_n as_o for_o the_o tertian_n ague_n it_o be_v heretofore_o as_o little_o know_v in_o ireland_n as_o the_o quartan_a but_o some_o year_n since_o i_o know_v not_o through_o what_o secret_a change_n it_o have_v find_v access_n into_o this_o island_n so_o that_o at_o this_o time_n some_o be_v take_v with_o it_o but_o nothing_o near_o so_o ordinary_o as_o in_o other_o country_n the_o plague_n which_o so_o often_o and_o so_o cruel_o infect_v england_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o remote_n country_n be_v wonderful_a rare_a in_o ireland_n and_o hardly_o see_v once_o in_o a_o age_n sect._n 3_o the_o immunity_n from_o certain_a disease_n consist_v in_o the_o air_n not_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n it_o be_v observable_a concern_v the_o forementioned_a particular_a that_o this_o privilege_n of_o be_v free_a from_o several_a disease_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o any_o peculiar_a quality_n of_o the_o body_n of_o man_n but_o proceed_v from_o some_o hide_a property_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o air_n itself_o this_o be_v make_v manifest_a two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o in_o that_o stranger_n come_v into_o ireland_n do_v partake_v of_o this_o same_o exemption_n and_o as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v there_o be_v as_o free_v of_o those_o evil_n from_o which_o that_o climate_n be_v exempt_a as_o the_o irish_a themselves_o second_o in_o that_o the_o native_n bear_v and_o bring_v up_o in_o ireland_n come_v into_o other_o country_n be_v find_v to_o be_v subject_a unto_o those_o disease_n as_o well_o as_o other_o people_n and_o i_o have_v know_v several_a of_o they_o who_o be_v come_v hither_o into_o england_n have_v fall_v into_o the_o quartan_a ague_n and_o have_v as_o long_o and_o as_o bad_o be_v trouble_v with_o it_o as_o ordinary_o any_o englishman_n use_v to_o be_v and_o credible_a person_n have_v affirm_v unto_o i_o the_o same_o of_o scotland_n namely_o that_o the_o quartan_a ague_n never_o have_v be_v see_v there_o the_o scotchman_n nevertheless_o in_o other_o country_n be_v as_o obnoxious_a to_o it_o as_o people_n of_o any_o other_o nation_n sect._n 4._o the_o most_o part_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o disease_n be_v find_v in_o ireland_n as_o in_o other_o country_n true_a it_o be_v notwithstanding_o that_o privilege_n of_o be_v exempt_a from_o certain_a evil_n that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o disease_n and_o infirmity_n whereunto_o man_n body_n be_v subject_a in_o other_o country_n be_v also_o find_v in_o ireland_n as_o well_o outward_a as_o inward_a and_o in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o inward_a not_o only_o the_o sudden_a one_o and_o those_o that_o in_o a_o few_o day_n or_o week_n come_v to_o a_o end_n be_v call_v morbi_fw-la acuti_fw-la by_o the_o physician_n as_o namely_o fever_n cast_v of_o blood_n apoplexy_n and_o other_o of_o that_o nature_n but_o also_o