visendum exhibet non diuitias decori sed ipse illis est flagitio For that person which buildeth a house or towne and garnisheth it with armes hangings and other workes making euery thing more specious therein than himselfe is not honourable in regard of his riches but meerely scandalizeth them through his owne imperfections Such gaynes as Vsurers Publicanes and Iewes of that profession make to liue vpon by the destruction of others is most abhominable and odious for so much as it gayneth by coynes Whereas it is euident that coynes were not deuised because they should both beget and beare fruit of themselues being a thing hatefull and repugnant to nature but ordained therefore that other commodities by meanes of exchange should yeeld vs benefite thereby For Tacitus to prooue this writeth That the old Germanes when coyne was first vsed amongst them did onely loue it for commerce and exchange of marchandize Etiam quod argentum magis quam aurum sequebantur nulla affectatione animi sed quianumerus argenteorum facilior vsui est promiscua vilia mercantibus Euen because they did more desire to haue siluer than gold not for any vaine affectation of their mind but because the number and value of their siluer coynes was more fit for their vse in buying and selling of diuerse cheape things of sundry natures Semblably those trades of adulterat marchandize and traffique in buying or selling of wares which are enriched by perfidious brocage leasings and such dishonesties bee very contemptible Panders likewise and bruitish baudes the ministers of licencious voluptuositie with mercenarie Players Buffones Fidlers Iugglers Flatterers and couening companions liuing vpon any kind of vnlawfull and dishonest shifts by the confusion of ingenuous persons of a liberall nature young and vnexperienced in worldly guile are most loathsome and filthie Let that therefore which is the fountaine and profession of maintenance to them that are house-holders be iust honest and profitable that which is so gotten also let it be frugally spent and husbanded as it is commendably gayned that euery man according to his place apport and qualitie may maintaine that decent state which shall best answere to the glory of his owne countrey where hee breatheth But if O Domus antiqua might in Ciceroes time bee spoken of many when this crooked world was sixteene hundred yeeres and more younger than it is and not growne to that extreame auarice vnto which all aged creatures of nature by course more and more encline what may be said of those pompous buildings at this day which haue chimneyes without fires lodgings without strangers kitchins without meat faire hals without that old and comely guard of stout yeomanrie for which England hath beene formerly famoused In choice of a wife if a man might so haue it this were to bee wished that men towards thirtie yeeres of their age ioyne in marriage with some young woman not much aboue twentie both of them equall in substance and birth so neere as may be well brought vp in modestie good huswiferie prudent of honest parentage not disparaging him in any thing neither proud nor malicious and froward but such as may both loue him well and be worthely beloued againe the persons their state and qualitie considered ouer whom he may not vpon any iealous misconstructions villanous suspect or opinionatiue report of malicious tongues beare a heauie hand without certaine and manifest apparance of her dishonest carriage but in all his actions towards her demeane himselfe honestly godly decently benignely mildly beeing directed by the rule of Christianitie that though he know himselfe to be the head of that double vnited bodie yet he may so repute and esteeme of her as of that other halfe of himselfe ioyning with her in equall care and diligence towards the vertuous education and instruction of his children as hee did with her in procreation of them considering that education is the first second and third part of life without which according to Philosophie all learning is as it were armed iniquitie the definition of Education is Liberorum tà m in sanitate totius corporis quà m in singularum partium concinnitate diligens conserâ—…tio The parents diligent conseruation of their children both in health of bodie and in a generall cleanely propernesse through all parts And in this sort also Ciantor the scholler of Xenocrates hath distributed mans life the first part to bee bestowed in vertuous contemplation and practise the second in recreation and exercise for corporall health the third for honest pleasures and the fourth for the iust acquisition and collection of treasure So that the first threescore yeeres haue reference to the education as well for particular as generall gouernment whether Oeconomicall or Politicall the second prouideth in arming himselfe for death to benefit posteritie The care of a wife is also to ioyne with her husband in prouision for her children that they be furnished with corporall necessaries answerable to her estate exercising them in true religion and obedience disciplining them in arts and trades according to their natures and capacities or as his faculties require He must also keepe a iust audite of his gettings and expences ordering and husbanding his goods with such a prouident hand as that somewhat alwayes according to the proportion of his liuing be with a fatherly foresight reserued each yeere towards their stocke and prosperitie to come Howbeit if he be noble or of such worth as that by the vertues paines worthinesse of his antecessors hee need not to labour for his liuing but hath of his owne without industrie to supplie that charge then must he so moderate and attemper himselfe to frugalitie that he neither seeme prodigall nor couetous but liberall and like himselfe suiting with his place and condition If he liue by trade his apprentises must be well vsed and diligently taught his science and cunning if otherwise keeping and retaining seruants for his traine and countenance with workmen which attend his labour for wages he should see that they bee with good respect and answerable to their qualities entertained and kept in their offices hauing their wages and hire benignely and carefully paied vnto them at times fit and limited prouiding that they grow not insolent contentious or malicious amongst themselues but temperate and honest The respects which ought to be required in a wife are a diligent and dayly care of her house that she personally looke to those houshold commodities and seruices her selfe as is fit that she behaue her selfe honestly towards her husband that she be no scold nor maliciously demeane her selfe that she teach and instruct her children and women seruants in modest conuersation knowledge and behauior that she bee not proud neither sumptuous nor sluttish which those sweet Oracles of wisedome and Oratorie king Salomon and blessed Paul haue diuinely and luculently declared as is read in holy scriptures That if strength serue she giue sucke to her owne children her selfe for as much
laureate plough and in a ploughman which had borne triumph froÌ„ the warres Semblably we reade that Deiotarus king of Armenia was a most diligent husbandman and Xenophon obserueth in the life of Cirus how painefull hee was in tillage and rusticall labour For it is manifest that out of such folke very strong and apt souldiers are chosen and enabled for the warres because through laborious exercise their bodies are better knit and confirmed in health and strength then either merchants or artificers which dwell in the walled townes And hence was it that the Romanes erected without the city those temples to their saint of Medecine Esculapius constantly beleeuing and meaning that villagers were in better health then citizens or such as inhabited walled townes They which haue written of the dignities of agriculture and husbandrie were Chares Parius Hesiodus Apollâ—…dorus and Lemnius in the Greeke language amongst the Latines Cato Varro Columella Virgillius c. And in this order according to my weake inuention and iudgement haue I fashioned and appropriated the politike parts and members of a Common-wealth hauing also giuen soule and life vnto it Now for as much as it behooueth needfully that these members vnder one head and of one body should harmoniously conuerse and consent in loue and sympathie which nature teacheth in our owne bodies by the compassion and succour that one member hath of and in another by supplying health to the common defects and mutually mitigating the maladies in themselues with a kind of reciprocall tolleration passion and consent indifferently I will speake somewhat of that vnitie which God out of his infinite benignitie offereth and teacheth vnto vs of this nation so coupled and aduned vnder your highnesses sanctified scepter The lawes of nature as I said teach vs how pleasant and consonant it is with the spirit of life that all members accord in affection and mutuall aide one towards another Since therefore it hath pleased the true wisedome and omnipotent grace of God to make of these two kingdomes one bodie vnder one head meseemeth it should not sticke in any mans opinion how the same can any way prooue vnfit or vnprofitable Which diuerse more vpon peruerse opinion than any reasonable consideration impudently seeme to beleeue But the wiser sort which though fewest in number are soundest in iudgement perfectly know the contrarie In magna namquè repub multa varia ingenia sunt For the wits of people in a great Commonwealth be variable and many Yea such as are of repugnant opinions considering therefore that by nature euery bodie hath one head onely like one roote from which many braunches vnited in one tree doe spring if it be not a monstrous bodie so semblably should each head haue but one bodie for how deformed and horrible were it in the sight of nature that one head should haue two bodies especially whereas they bee knit by nature from the beginning as these kingdomes both in one roote being all members of one bodie from the first vnited then seuered againe by the great and most mysticall prouidence of Almightie God and now reunited in your Maiesties blessed gouernment for the accomplishment of Gods vnreuealeable and incomprehensible iudgement Since therefore we draw together in one yoake wee may not separate by dissent some with their stiffe neckes behind and others with their obedient heads before for oxen yoaked in such sort can neuer tyll the land nor tread out the corne but leaue it barren and out of order For it is impossible that the labour should succeede well when some kicke with their heeles when they should haue drawne with their heads making a distraction so much more violent through their disobedience by how much more force there is in them that are so distracted and from hence breaketh out the ruine and confusion of all good gouernment and policie which answereth to the saying of our Sauiour Christ Omne regnum in se diuisum desolabitur Euery kingdome diuided in it selfe becommeth desolate And if this should happen against which all good men should make their deprecations that God might auert the calamitie which would impend it Doubtlessely the same cannot but proceede from our owne maleuolence and peruerse distortion according to that true saying of Salust Vbi boni mores nunquam discordia nec auaritia vbi auaritia nunquam boni mores nec vera concordia c. Where good manners and honest fashions are vsed neither can discord nor auarice bee found but where auarice reigneth you shall neuer find good manners nor true charitie And therefore let vs watch and pray that wee fall not into discord at any time after this our blessed vnion composed by that sacred and most charitable hand of our liege soueraigne least by those disastrous means we become fearfull of those nations whoÌ„ otherwise we may retaine in due fear of vs. Turne we therefore with ioyfull vnanimitie one towards another and let vs which haue receiued much light and true glory from so gracious powerfull a king detest all malicious factions and distractions which assuredly breake out of minds and spirits bare of honour and abiect vnto themselues in all vnworthinesse which are persuaded that auarice and ambition are the truest dignities in man more than all his other mentall and intellectuall faculties Firmanda sunt igitur concordiae vincula discordiae mala expellenda Let vs therefore make strong the bonds of our concord and expell the mischiefes of discord For it hath beene our auncient honour and the Brittaine glorie recorded of this Nation by Cornelius Tacitus Commune periculum concordia propulsandum cognouere Britanni in vit Iul. Agricolae The Brittaines by their mutuall and intestine concord knew well how to repell all common dangers to themselues Vnite we therefore cheerefully for according to Socrates this vnion of a Commonwealth is the very worke and scope of friendship and such as are true friends Ettam â—…b vehementiam amoris cupiunt connasci vnum ex duobus fieri Desire euen in the vehement heate of their loue to bee borne together againe and one entire to be made out of two bodies Which vnion or communion of the lawes and liberties with other emoluments answerable to the rule of need and decencie is confirmed by discipline and discipline comprehended in the Lawes and in Philosophie When England and Scotland were separated yet were they brethren for in one Prouerbe they did consent That England was the elder and Scotland the younger brother And of late yeares their accord was so naturall prognosticating this indissoluble vnion that to the breake-necke spight of our enemies our late peace of Englands dauncing in spirituall consolation fed vpon that counsell which the diuine Psalmist vttered Ecce quà m bonum quà m iucundum est fratres habit are in vnum And in the dayes of our fathers when any iarres happened betwixt vs they were such cauils or emulations rather as commonly fall amongst brethren which though they
intollerable subsidies for if such publicke businesses in a Commonwealth oppresse the prince which according to the best iudgements being great and multiplied doe through prudent consultation foresight and caution ioyfully propagate all Soueraigne empire then must it necessarily follow that a generall aid be ministred by the commons for their generall good least otherwise the publicke treasure be through want of such tributarie supplies drawne to the bottome whereas it ought continually to bee multiplied and cherished Etenim qui rempublicam gubernabunt consulere debebunt vt earum rerum copia sit quae sunt necessariae Which if they do carefully respect sildome or neuer shall any vehement cause happen to them of exaction And therefore that good and charitable Emperour Traiane vtterly disallowing and detesting all compulsion and priuie pinches in those cases Fiscum lienem vocauit quod eo scilicet crescente artus reliqui cōtabescunt Howbeit that sentence in some cases to me seemeth more verely physicall according to the letter than morally philosophicall answering to the sence And therefore partafrugaliter tuendo many such inconueniences are preuented Magis etenim dedecus est parta amittere quāomninò nō paruisse This treasure therfore ought to be cherished the cherishing wherof is principally found in cutting off all idle and superfluous expences for therein it doth as well encrease by sauing as receiuing It likewise augmenteth by the bold and industrious valour of them which make great and honourable aduentures as well by land seruice as nauall for their countries glorie returning after a long laborious and chargeable voyage loaden with treasure and commodities So did the noble Romane Aemilius bring from the Macedonians which spoyle was so rich and great that it eased the people of Rome many yeares after from tributes of which hostile booties he was knowne not to bring any thing to his priuate houses or hampers sauing onely the renoume of his triumphs and victories which how well he demerited is witnessed in noble historie Such excellent and precious countreymen should be furnished at the common charge with ships men armes and prouision that they might exercise themselues in those seruices which should increase and magnifie the Commonwealth I may not forgett Sir Francis Drake so much remembred and acknowledged through the whole world which he cōpassed for his noble skill and industrious fortitude who did both much benefit magnifie the state of this land being not borne of any very noble parentage Howbeit that his working good spirit and better fortunes alwaies incited him to some honourable interprise which in the late raigne of blessed Queene Elizabeth brought much coine and bullion of gold and siluer vnto the princes treasures somewhat out of hostile spoyles from the Spaniards taken by that euer renowmed Earle of Cumberland in his nauall voyages To whom at this day we shall find few comparable for their painfull aduētures equiualuable with the trauels either of Crist. Colombo or Hernando Cortez if you will superadde therunto that excellēt fortune and natiue valour which alwayes accompanied and winged their heroicall enterprises I might speake here of Sir Thomas Candish of Sir Humfrey Gilbert but hauing mentioned Sir Francis Drake in him is comprised so much as they could deserue Diuers other gallant gentlemen borne here in England amongst vs which being yet young and aliue haue percase some fortunes in store to make them as glorious in such seruices as any that euer trauailed My meaning is not here that by the direptions piracies depredations of cities or nations confederated and vnited which is meerely dishonest and vnprofitable to farce and gorge vp the common Treasuries for so much as it withstandeth all reason and humane policie with true colour emblazoning the violation and breach of peace and amitie which vndoubtedly bringeth a most lamentable confusion with it vnto those princes and Commonweales in their estâtes that are both agents and patients in these cases but onely with the spoyles of maleuolent mischieuous and professed enemies by whose oppression their whole state is weakened and in whose weakenesse our forces are confirmed such as cannot be more malicious or mortall aduersaries for any violence which wee can offer vnto them Treasures gotten from such ambitious and maleuolent people are laudable and magnifie the state of our kingdomes Such verely were the spoiles which Lucius Mummius Collegue in Censorship to Paulus Aemylius aforesaid brought from the state of a most opulent and braue citie by which atchieuements Cicero noteth in his Offices that Mummius was not a penny the wealthier in his owne priuate purse than before Adde hereunto not vnlike in magnificence though their fortunes were vnequall the condition of that sometimes right noble and vnfortunate Lord of good memorie Robert Earle of Essex after his expedition to Cales By which example in himselfe hee made knowne to the couetous captaines of his time and vnto those which had heard of his victories that true glorie was meerely the subiect and substance of his seruice which hee shared with his countrey treasure the meede of his militarie men which hee magnificently distributed amongst them And certainely there is not any thing which more to life representeth the noble conditions and natures of gallant souldiers in highest militarie reputation than either their great victories and spoyles or their calamities and disfortunes for the bearing of themselues equall and the same in both extremities without insolence or abiection clearely manifesteth to the world their vertues Neither can any thing be more precious and amiable in the sight of people than a magnificent and bountifull magistrate Hunc enim maximé populus admiratur qui pecunia non mouetur quod in quo viro perspectum sit hunc dignum spectatu arbitramur c. Such princes therefore vndoubtedly win a generall good opinion and admiration in seeming to despise those treasures and pleasures which some weake princes and all vulgar persons hold precious howbeit with such a negligent semblance as neither prodigalitie may preiudice their estates nor their negligence by not seeking out honourable means to maintaine that excellent good fame may diuert all lawfull and commendable helpes for the support thereof This Office amongst diuerse otherwayes to weaken it is laid open to those massie charges which the prince vndergoeth in his warres and from the fountaine thereof all inferiour Treasurers of armies garrisons nauies and prouinces with such like are continually serued It is therefore most reasonable considering so many riuers are supplied therewith that diligent circumspection bee required to preserue the Spring alwayes full by beneuolent and due retribution of waters through those siluer pipes which may without stop cheerefully conuey them to that fountaine from the calme riuers of the Commonwealth redispensing them with a carefull kind of beneficence to the common good and tranquilitie This fountaine must be kept alwayes if not full yet not neere drie least by defect of the slenderest vaine branching from it