Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	wolf_n	year_n	yearly_a	31	3	10.3600	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13820	The historie of foure-footed beastes Describing the true and liuely figure of euery beast, with a discourse of their seuerall names, conditions, kindes, vertues (both naturall and medicinall) countries of their breed, their loue and hate to mankinde, and the wonderfull worke of God in their creation, preseruation, and destruction. Necessary for all diuines and students, because the story of euery beast is amplified with narrations out of Scriptures, fathers, phylosophers, physitians, and poets: wherein are declared diuers hyerogliphicks, emblems, epigrams, and other good histories, collected out of all the volumes of Conradus Gesner, and all other writers to this present day. By Edward Topsell.	Topsell, Edward, 1572-1625?	1607 (1607)	STC 24123; ESTC S122276	1,123,245	767

Vele maketh a spoile of fishes betweene rockes and banckes but it is not accounted in the catalogue or number of our English Dogs notwithstanding we call it by the name of a sea Dog or a sea-Calfe And thus much for our Dogs of the second sort called in Latine Aucupatorij seruing to take fowle either by land or water Of the delicate neate and pretty kind of dogges called the Spaniell gentle or the comforter in Latine Melitaeus or Fotor THere is besides those which wee haue already deliuered another sort of gentle dogs in this our English soile but exempted from the order of the residue the Dogs of this kind doth Callimachus call Melitaeos of the Iseland Melita in the sea of Sicily which at this day is named Malta an Iseland indeede famous and renowned with couragious and puisaunt souldiers valliantly fighting vnder the banner of Christ their vnconquerable captaine where this kind of dogs had their principall beginning These dogs are little pretty proper and fine and sought for to satifie the delicatenes of dainty dames and wanton womens wils instruments of folly for them to playe and dally withall to tryfle away the treasure of time withdraw their mindes from more commendable exercises and to content their corrupted concupiscences with vaine disport A selly shift to shunne yrkesome idlenesse These puppies the smaller they be the more pleasure they prouoke as more meete play-fellowes for minsing mistrisses to beare in their bosomes to keepe company withal in their chambers to succour with sleep in bed and nourish with meate at bourde to lay in their lappes and licke their lips as they ride in their Waggons and good reason it should be so for coursenesse with finenesse hath no fellowship but featnesse with neatnesse hath neighbourhood enough That plau●ible prouerbe verified vpon a Tyrant namely that he loued his Sow better then his son may well be applyed to these kind of people who delight more in Dogs that are depriued of all possibility of reason then they do in children that be capeable of wisedome and iudgment But this abuse peraduenture raigneth where there hath beene long lacke of issue or else where barrennes is the best blossom of beauty The vertue which remaineth in the Spaniel gentle otherwise called the comforter NOtwithstanding many make much of those pritty puppies called Spanyels gentle yet if the question were demaunded what property in them they spye which should make them so acceptable and precious in their sight I doubt their answer would belong a coyning But seeing it was our intent to trauaile in this treatise so that the reader might reape some benefit by his reading we will communicate vnto such coniectures as are grounded vpon reason And though some suppose that such dogs are fit for no seruice I dare say by their leaues they be in a wrong boxe Among all other qualities therefore of nature which be knowne for some conditions are couered with continuall and thick clouds that the eie of our capacities cannot pearse through thē we find that these litle dogs are good to as●wage the sicknes of the stomack being oftentimes thereunto applied as a plaster preseruatiue or borne in the bosom of the diseased and weake person which effect is performed by their moderate heat Moreouer the disease and sicknes changeth his place and entreth though it be not precisely marked into the dog which to bee truth experience can testifie for these kind of dogs sometime fall sicke and sometime die without any harme outwardly inforced which is an argument that the disease of the gentleman or gentlewoman or owner whatsoeuer entreth into the dog by the operation of heare intermingled and infected And thus haue I hetherto handled dogs of a gentle kind whom I haue comprehended in a triple diuision Now it remaineth that I annex in due order such dogs as be of a more homely kind Dogges of a course kind seruing for many necessary vses called in Latine Canis rustici and first of the Shepherds dog called in Latine Canis Pastoralis THe first kind namely the shepherds hound is very necessary and profitable for the auoyding of harmes and inconueniences which may come to men by the meanes of beastes The second sort serue to succour against the snares and attemptes of mischieuous men Our shepherds dog is not huge vaste and big but of an indifferent stature and growth because it hath not to deale with the blood thirsty wolfe sythence there be none in England which happy and fortunate benefit is to be ascribed to the puisaunt Prince Edgar who to the intent that the whole countrey might be euacuated and quite cleered from wolfes charged and commaunded the Welshmen who were pestered with these butcherly beasts aboue measure to pay him yearely tribute which was note the wisedome of the king three hundred Wolfes Some there be which write that Ludwall Prince of Wales paid yeerely to king Edgar three hundred wolfes in the name of an exaction as we haue said before And that by the meanes hereof within the compasse and tearme of foure years none of those noysome and pestilent beastes were left in the coastes of England and Wales This Edgar wore the crowne royall and bare the Scepter imperiall of this kingdome about the yeare of our Lord nine hundred fifty nine Since which time we reade that no Wolfe hath beene seene in England bred within the bounds and borders of this country mary there haue beene diuers brought ouer from beyond the seas for greedines of gaine and to make money for gasing and gaping staring and standing to see them being a strange beast rare and seldome seene in England But to returne to our shepherds Dog This dog either at the hearing of his maisters voice or at the wagging and whisteling in his fist or at his s●rill and horse hissing bringeth the wandering weathers and straying sheepe into the selfe same place where his maisters will and wish is to haue them wherby the shepherd reapeth this benefit namely that with little labour and no toyle or mouing of his feete he may rule and guide his flock according to his own desire either to haue them go forward or to stand still or to draw backward or to turne this way or take that way For it is not in England as it is in France as it is in Flaunders as it is in Syria as it is in Tartaria where the sheepe follow the shepherd for heere in our Countrey the shepherd followeth the sheepe And sometimes the straying sheepe when no Dog runneth before them nor goeth about and beside them gather themselues together in a flock when they heere the shepherd whistle in his fist for feare of the dog as I imagine remembring this if vnreasonable creatures may be reported to haue memory that the Dog commonly runneth out at his maisters warrant which is his whistle This haue we oftentimes diligently marked in taking our iourney from towne to towne when we haue hard a shepherd whistle we

Bohemians Nedwed the Polontans Vuluuer and the attributes of this beast are many among authors both Greeke and Latine Epithites of the beare as Aemonian beares armed filthy deformed cruell dreadfull fierce greedy Callidonian Erymanthean bloody heauy night-ranging lybican menacing Numidian Ossaean headlong rauening rigide and terrible beare all which serue to set forth the nature heereof as shall be afterward in particular discoursed First Of the kind of Beares Agricola Albertus therefore concerning seuerall kinds of beares it is obserued that there is in generall two a greater and a lesser and these lesser are more apt to clime trees then the other neither do they euer grow to so great a stature as the other Besides there are Beares which are called Amphibia because they liue both on the land and in the sea hunting and catching fish like an Otter or Beauer and these are white coloured In the Ocean Islands toward the North there are bears of a great stature fierce and cruell who with their forefeet do breake vp the hardest congealed yse on the sea or other great Waters and draw out of those holes great aboundance of fishes Ol●uis and so in other frozen seas are many such like hauing blacke clawes liuing for the most part vpon the seas except tempestuous weather driue them to the land In the Easterne parts of India there is a beast in proportion of body verie like a Beare yet indued with no other quality of that kind being neither so wild nor rauenous nor strong and it is called a Formicarian Beare A Formicarian Beare Cardanus for God hath so prouided that whereas that countrey is aboundantly annoyed with the Emmets or Ants that beast doth so prey and feede vpon them that by the strength and vertuous humour of his tongue the sillie poore inhabitants are exceedingly relieued from their greeuious and daungerous numbers Beares are bred in many countries as in the Heluetian alpine region where they are so strong and full of courage Countrey of breed that they can teare in pieces both Oxen and Horsses for which cause the inhabitants study by all means to take them Likewise there are Beares in Persia which doe rauen beyond all measure and all other so also the beares of N●midia Marcellinus which are of a more elegant forme and composition then the residue Profuit ergo nihil misero quod communius vrsos Figebat Numidas Albena nudus arena And wheras Pliny affirmeth that there are no beares in Affrick he mistook that country for Creet and so some say that in that Island be no Wolues vipers or other such venemous creatures whereof the Poets giue a vaine reason because Iupiter was borne there but we know also that there be no beares bred in England In the countrey of Arabia from the promontory Dira to the South are beares which liue vpon eating of flesh Volaterran● being of a yellowish colour which do farre excel all other bears both in actiuity or swiftnes and in quantity of body Among the Roxolani and Lituanians are beares which being tamed are presents for princes Aristotle in his wonders reporteth a secret in the natures of Beares that there are white beares in Misia which being eagerly hunted do send forth such a breath that putrifieth immediately the flesh of the Dogges and whatsoeuer other beast commeth within the sauour thereof it maketh the flesh of them not fit to be eaten but if either men or dogs approach or come nigh them they vomit forth such aboundance of Plegme that either the hunters are thereby choaked or blinded Thracia also breedeth white Beares and the King of Aethiopia in his Haebrew Epistle which he wrote to the Bishop of Rome affirmeth that there are Beares in his countrey In Musconia are Beares both of a snow white yellow and dusky colour and it hath bene seene that the Noble womens chariots drawne by six horsses haue beene couered with the skinnes of white beares from the pasterne to the head and as all other creatures doe bring forth some white and some blacke so also do Beares who in generall doe breede and bring forth their young in all cold countries some of a dusky and some of a browne blacke colour A Beare is of a most venereous and lustfull disposition Lust of beare for night and day the females with most ardent inflamed desires doe prouoke the males to copulation and for this cause at that time they are most-fierce and angry Phillippus Cosseus of Constance did most confidently tell mee that in the Mountaines of Sauoy a Beare carried a young maide into his denne by violence Gillius A History where in venereous manner he had the carnall vse of her body and while he kept her in his denne he dailye went foorth and brought her home the best Apples and other fruites he coulde get presenting them vnto her for her meat in very amorous sort but alwaies when hee went to forrage hee rouled a huge great stone vppon the mouth of his denne that the Virgin shoulde not escape away at length her parentes with long search founde their little Daughter in the Beares den who deliuered her from that sauage and beastuall captiuity Time of their copulation The time of their copulation is in the beginning of winter althogh sometime in Summer but such young ones seldome liue yet most commonly in February or Ianuary The manner of their copulation is like to a mans the male mouing himselfe vpon the belly of the female which lyeth on the earth flat vpon the backe and either embraceth other with their forefeet they remaine verie long time in that act inasmuch as if they were verie fat at their first entrance they disioine not themselues againe till they he made leane Immediately after they haue conceiued they betake themselues to their dennes Pliny where they without meate grow very fat especially the males onely by sucking their fore-feet When they enter into their denne they conuey themselues in backward a secret that so they may put out their footsteps from the sight of the hunters The males giue great honor to the females great with young during the time of their secrecie so that Honor to the female although they lie togither in one caue yet doe they part it by a diuision or small ditch in the midst neither of them touching the other The nature of all of them is to auoid cold and therfore in the winter time do they hide themselues chusing rather to suffer famine then cold auoiding of cold lying for the most part three or foure moneths togither and neuer see the light whereby their guts grow so empty that they are almost closed vp and sticke togither When they first enter into their denne they betake themselues to quiet and rest sleeping without any awaking for the first fourteene daies so that it is thought an easie stroke cannot awake them But how long the females go

the prouerbe importeth barke most vehemently The second are dangerous it is wisedome to take heed of them because they sound as it were an Alarum of an afterclap and these dogs must not be ouer much moued or prouoked for then they take on outragiously as if they were mad watching to set the print of their teeth in the flesh And these kind of dogs are fierce and eager by nature The third are deadly for they fly vpon a man without vtterance of voice snatch at him and catch him by the throat and most cruelly bite out collops of flesh Feare these kinde of Curres if thou be wise and circumspect about thine owne safety for if they be stoute and stubborne Dogs and set vpon a man at a suddaine vnwares By these signes and tokens by these notes and arguments our men discerne the cowardly Curre from the coragious Dog the bolde from the fearefull the butcherly from the gentle and tractable Moreouer they coniecture that a whelpe of an ill kind is not woorth keeping and that no dog can serue the sundry vses of men so aptly and so conueniently as this sort of whom we haue so largely written already For if any be disposed to draw the aboue-named seruices into a table what man more clearely and with more vehemency of voice giueth warning either of a wastfull beast or of a spoiling theefe then this Who by his barking as good as a burning Beacon foresheweth hazzardes at hand What manner of beast stronger What seruaunt to his maister more louing What companion ruore trusty What Watchman more vigilaunt What reuenger more constaunt What messenger more speedie What Water bearer more painefull Finally what Packe-horsse more patient And thus much concerning English dogs first of the gentle kind secondly of the courser kind Now it remaineth that we deliuer vnto you the dogs of a mungrell or currish kind and then will we performe our taske Containing Curres of the mungrell and rascall sort and first of all the Dog called in Latine Admonitor and of vs in English Wappe or Warner OF such Dogs as keepe not their kind of such as are mingled out of sundry sortes not imitating the conditions of some one certaine spice because they resemble no notable shape nor exercise any worthy propertye of the true perfect and gentle kinde it is not necessary that I write any more of them but to banish them as vnprofitable implements out of the bounds of my booke vnprofitable I say for any vse that is commendable except to entertaine strangers with barking in the day time giuing warning to them of the house that such and such be newly come wherupon we cal them admonishing dogs because in that point they performe their office Of the Dog called Turnespete in Latine Veruuersator THere is comprehended vnder the Curres of the coursest kinde a certaine dog in kitchen-seruice excellent For when any meat is to be roasted they go into a wheel which they turning round about with the waight of their bodies so dilligently looke to their businesse that no drudge nor scullion can do the feate more cunningly Whom the popular sort hereupon call Turnespets being the last of all those which wee haue first mentioned Of the Dogge called the dauncer in Latine Saliator or Tympanista THere be also dogs among vs of a mungrel kind which are taught and excercised to daunce in measure at the musicall sound of an instrument as at the iust stroke of the drumbe at the sweet accent of the Citerne and tuned stringes of the harmonious Harp shewing many pretty trickes by the gesture of their bodies As to stand bolt vpright to lie flat vpon the ground to turn round as a ring holding their tails in their teeth to beg for their meat and sundry such properties which they learne of their vagabundicall maisters whose instruments they are to gather gaine withall in Citty country town and village As some which carry old Apes on their sholders in coloured iackets to moue men to laughter for a little lucre Of other Dogs a short conclusion wonderfully ingendred within the coasts of this country OF these there be three sorts The first bred of a bitch and a Wolfe called in Latine Lyciscus The second of a Bitch and a Fox in Latine Lacaena The third of a Beare and a Bandog Vrcanus Of the first we haue none naturally bred within the borders of England The reason is for the want of Wolues without whome no such dog can be ingendred Againe it is deliuered vnto thee in this discourse how and by what meanes by whose benefit and within what circute of time this country was cleerely discharged of rauening Wolus and none at al left no not to the least number or to the beginning of a number which is an Vnari Of the second sort we are not vtterly voide of some because this our English soile is not free from Foxes for indeed we are not without a multitude of them insomuch as diuers keepe foster and feed them in their houses among their hounds and dogs either for so●e malady of mind or for some sicknes of body which peraduenture the sauor of that subtill beast would either mitigate or expell The thirde which is bred of a Beare a Bandog we want not heere in England A strange and wonderfull effect that cruell enemies should enter into the worke of copulation and bring forth so sauage a curre Vndoubtedly it is euen so as we haue reported for the fiery heat of their flesh or rather the pricking thorne or most of all the tickling lust of lechery beareth such swing and sway in them that there is no contrarietie for the time but of constraint they must ioyne to engender And why should not this be consonant to truth why should not these beasts breed in this land as well as in other forreine nations For we read that Tigres and Dogs in Hircania that Lyons and dogs in Arcadia and that Wolues and Dogs in Francia couple and procreate In men and women also lightned with the Lantarne of reason but vtterly voide of vertue that foolish franticke and fleshly action yet naturally sealed in vs worketh so effectualy that many times it doth reconcile enemies set foes at friendship vnanimity and attonement as Moria mentioneth The Vicane which is bred of a Beare and a dog Is fierce is fell is stout and strong And biteth sore to flesh and bone His furious force indureth long In rage he will be rul'd of none That I may vse the words of the Poet Gratius This dog exceedeth all other in cruell conditions his leering and fleering lookes his sterne and sauage vissage maketh him in sight fearefull and terrible he is violent in fighting and wheresoeuer he set his tenterhooke teeth he taketh such sure and fast hold that a man may sooner teare and rend him assunder then loose him and seperate his chaps He passeth not for the Wolfe the Beare the Lyon nor the Bull and may woorthelie as

in them haue the stones of a Weasel being cut off in the change of the Moone and he suffered to go away aliue Kiranides being tyed vpon any part of a woman in the hide of a Mule The heele of a liuing weasell being taken away and bound vnto a woman doth make her that she shall not conceiue so long as shee shall so beare it The powder of a dogs head dryed being put into any broken or exulcerated sores doth eat away al the corruption or dead flesh encreasing therein The same vertue hath the powder of weasels dung being vsed in the said manner The dung of Mice or of a weasell being annointed vpon the head is an excellent remedy for the falling off of the haire on the head or any other part of mans body Aegi●●tta and doth also cure the disease called by some the Foxes euill The biting of a weasell is reported by some to be very venomous and in his rauening or madnesse not to be lesse hurtfull then the bitings of mad dogs For weasels and Foxes are very often mad But Arnoldus is of a contrary opinion and affirmeth that the weasell doth more hurt by his biting Auice●●● then by any venom he can put forth Others also doe affirme that there is venom in weasels for this cause that in all kind of Weasels when they are angry the force of their smell is so ranke and strong The best way to driue away Mice is by scattering the powder of weasels or cats dung vp and downe the sauour whereof Mice canot abide but the same being made into some certaine kind of bread will smell more strongly That the bites of a weasell are venomous and deadly there is an example writen by Aristides of a certaine man who being bitten by a weasell and ready to die gaue a great sigh and said that if he had dyed by a Lyon or Panther it would neuer haue grieued him but to dye by the biting of such an ignoble beast it grieued him worse then his death The biting of a weasell Aelianus doth bring very quicke and grieuous paine which is onely knowne by the colour being dusky or blewish and it is cured by onions and garlike either applyed outward or taken in drinke so that the party drinke sweet wine thereon Vnripe figs also mingled with the flower of the graine called Orobos doth much profit the same Treacle in like manner being applyed in the manner of a plaister speedily cureth them Garlike being mingled with fig tree leaues and cynamon and so beaten together are very wel applyed to the saide bites It commeth also to passe that sometimes the weasel biteth some cattel which presently killeth them except ther be some instant remedy The remedy for it is this to rubbe the wounded place with a piece of a weasels skin wel dryed vntil it waxe hot and in the meane time giue the beast Treacle to drinke in the manner of an antidote The Weasel vsually biteth cowes dugs which when they are swollen if they be rubd with a VVesels skin they are instantly healed OF THE WOLFE Oppianus among the other kind of wolues hath demonstrated one which is bred in Cilicia And also he doth write that it is called in the mountaines of Taurus and Amanus Chryseon that is to say Aureum but I coniecture that in those places it was cald after the language of the Haebrews or Sirians which do cal Sahab or Schab aurum and Seeb lupum for a wolf or Dahab or Debah for Aurum They also do cal Deeb or Deeba for a wolf Dib otherwise Dijs is an Arabian or Saracenican word Also the translation of this worde in the booke of medicines is diuers as Adib Adip Adhip and Aldip but I haue preferred the last translation which also Bellunensis doth vse Aldip alambat doth signifie a mad or furious wolfe The wolfe which Oppianus doth cal Aureum as I haue said euen now doth seem to agree to this kinde both by signification of the name Aurum and also by the nature because it doth go vnder a dog close to the earth to eschew the heat of the summer which Oppianus doth write doth seeke his foode out of hollowe places as a Hyaena or Dabha doth out of graues where the deade men are buried The golden coloured wolfe is also more rough hairy then the residue euen as the Hyaena is said to be rough and maned And also these wolues necks in India is maned but it differeth according to the nation and colour where there are any wolues at al. Lycos a wolfe among the Graecians and Lugos and Lucainia and Lycos among some of the Arabican writers is borrowed from them as Munster hath noted in his lexicon of 3. languages In Italy it is called Lupo In French Loup in Spaine Lobo in Germany Vulff in England Wolfe In Illyria Vulk as it were by a transposition of the letters of the greek word Now because both men women citties places mountains villages and many artificiall instruments haue their names from the Latine and Greek words of this beast The notatiō of Lupus and Lyons it is not vain or idle to touch both them and the deriuation of them before we proceed to the natural storie of this beast Lupus as some say in Latine is Quasi leopos Lyon-footed because that it resembleth a Lyon in his feet and therefore Isidorus writeth that nothing liueth that it presseth or treadeth vpon in wrath Other deriue it from lukes the light because in the twilight of the euening or morning it deuoureth his prey auoiding both extreame light as the noone day Named apellatiues deriue ●●om a wolfe and also extreame darknesse as the night The Graecians do also cal them Nycterinoi kanes dogs of the night Lupa and lupula were the names of noble deuouringe Harlots and from thence commeth Lupanar for the stewes It is doubtful whether the nurse of Romulus and Remus were a harlot or she Wolf I rather thinke it was a harlot then a Wolfe that cursed those children For we read of the wise of Fostulus which was called Laurentia after she had plaied the vvhore vvith certaine shepheards to be called Lupa In al Nations there are some mens names deriued from wolues therfore vve read of Lupus a roman poet Lupus Seruatus a priest or Elder of Lupus de oliueto a Spanish Munke of Fulvius lupinus a Roman and the Germans haue Vulf Vulfe Hart Vulfegang The Graecians haue Lycambes of whom it is reported he had a Daughter called Neobole which he promised in marriage to Archilochus the Poet yet afterwardes he repented and woulde not performe his promise for which cause the Poet wrote against him many bitter verses and therefore Lycambes when he came to knowledge of them dyed for griefe Lycaon was a common name among the Graecians for many men as Lycaon Gnotius an excellent maker of edged tooles Licaon the brother of Nestor another the son of Priamus slaine by

Achilles but the famous and notorious among all was Lycaon the king of Arcadia the son of Titan and the earth whose Daughter Calisto was deflowered by Iupiter and by Iuno turned into a beare whom afterwards Iupiter pittying placed for a sign in heauen and of whom Virgil made this verse Pleiadas Hyadas claramque Lycaonis arcton Ther was another Lycaon the son of Pelasgus which built the Citty Lycosura in the Mountaine Lycaeus this man called Iupiter Lycaeus On a time he sacrificed an infant vpon his altar after which sacrifice he was presently turned into a wolfe Ther was another Lycaon after him who did likewise sacrifice another child and it was said that he remained ten years a wolfe afterwards becam a man again wherof the reason was giuen that during the time he remained a beast he neuer tasted of mans flesh but if he had tasted therof he shold haue remained a beast for euer I might adde hereunto Lychophron Lycastus Lycimnius Lysinus Lychomedes Lycurgus Lycus and of womens names Lyca Lyce Lycaste Lycoris Lycias and many such others besides the names of people as Irpini of Mountaines places as Lycabetus Lyceus Lycerna Lycaonia Lycaspus Lyceum Aristotles schoole Of flouds and Riuers as Lycus Lycormas Of plants as wolfe bane Lupum salictarium lupinus Lycantheum Lycophrix Lycophone Lycopsis Lycoscytalion and many such others whereof I haue onely desired to giue the Reader a tast following the same Method that we haue obserued in other beasts And thus much shall suffice to haue spoken of the names of this beast Contries breeding wolues The countries breeding wolues are for the most part these that follow The inhabitants of Creet were wont to say that there was neither wolues Beares nor Vipers cold be bred in their Island because Iupiter was borne there yet there is in a city called Lycastus so named for the multitude of wolues that were abiding therein It is likewise affirmed of Sardinia and Olimpus a Mountaine of Macedonia that there come no Wolues in them The wolues of Egypt are lesser then the wolues of Greece for they exceede not the quantity of Foxes Affrica likewise breedeth small wolues they abound in Arabia in Sweuia Rhaetia Athesis and the earldome of Tirol in Muscouia especially that part that bordereth vppon Lithuania The wolues of Scanzia by reason of extremity of cold in those parts are blind loose their eies there are no wolues bred in Lumbardy beyond the Alpes if any chance to come into that countrey presently they ring their bels and arme themselues against them neuer giuing ouer till they haue killed him or droue him out of the countrey In Norway there are 3. kind of wolues and in Scandinauia the wolues fight with Elkes It is reported that ther are wolues in Italy who when they looke vpon a man cause him to be silent that hee cannot speake The French-men call those Wolues which haue eaten of the flesh of men Eucharnes Among the Crotoniatae in Meotis diuers other parts of the world wolues do abound there are some few in France but none at al in England except such as are kept in the Tower of London to be seene by the Prince and people brought out of other countries where there fell out a rare accident namely a mastiue dog was limed to ashe wolfe and she thereby conceiued and brought forth sixe or seuen young Whelpes which was in the yeare of our Lord 1605. or there abouts There are diuers kinds of wolues in the world The seuerall kinds of wolues whereof Oppianus in his admonition to sheapheards maketh mention of fiue the first is a swift wolfe and runneth fast called therefore Toxeuter that is Sagitarius a shooter The second kind are called Harpages and these are the greatest raueners to vvhom our sauiour Christ in the gospell compareth false prophets when he saith Take heed of false prophets which come vnto you in sheeps clothing but are inwardly Lycoy harpages rauening wolues and these excel in this kind The third kind is cald Lupus aureus a golden wolfe by reason of his colour then they make mention of two other kinds called Acmonae and one of them peculiarly Ictinus The first vvhich is svvift hath a greater head then other vvolues and likewise greater legs fitted to run white spots on the belly round members his colour betwixt red yellovv is very bold howleth fearefully hauing firy-flaming eies and continually wagging his head Oppi●●us The second kind hath a greater and larger body then this being swifter then all other betimes in the morning he being hungry goeth abroad to hunt his prey the sides and taile are of a siluer colour he inhabiteth the Mountaines except in the winter time wherein he defendeth to the gates of Citties or Townes and boldly without feare killeth both Goates and sheepe yet by stealth and secretly The third kind inhabiteth the white Rocks of Taurus and Sylicia or the tops of the hill Amanus and such other sharp and inaccessible places being worthily for beauty preferred before the others because of his Golden resplendant haires and therefore my Author saith Non lupus sed lupo praestantior fera That he is not a wolfe but some wilde Beast excelling a wolfe He is exceeding strong especially being able with his mouth and teeth to bite asunder not only stones but Brasse and Iron He feareth the Dog star and heate of summer reioycing more in cold then in warme weather therfore in the Dog daies he hideth himselfe in some pit or gaping of the earth vntill that sunny heat be abated The fourth and fift kinds are cald by one common name Acmone now Acmon signifieth an Egle or else an Instrument with a short neck it may be that these are so called in resemblance of the rauening Eagle or else because their bodies are like to that instrument for they haue short necks broad shoulders rough Legs and feet and small snouts and little eies herein they differ one kind from the other because that one of them hath a backe of a siluer colour and a white belly and the lower part of the feet blacke and this is Ictinus canus a gray Kite-wolfe the other is black hauing a lesser body his haire standing continually vpright and liueth by hunting of Hares Now generally al Authors do make some two some 3. some 4. and some fiue kinds of Wolues all which is needlesse for me to prosecute and therefore I will content my selfe with the only naming of such differences as are obserued in them and already expressed except the Thoes and the sea-wolfe of whom there shal be somthing said particularly in the end of this History Olaus Magnus writeth in his History of the Northerne regions that in the Mountaines cald Doffrini which doe deuide the kingdoms of Swetia and Norway there are great flockes or heardes of wolues of white colour whereof some wander in the Mountaines and some in the vallies They feed vpon little small and