death I do beleeue I say and how can it be otherwise that they shal breake out and cry with rapture of so inexplicable mercie Blessed be the King and Prince of England and blessed be the English Nation and blessed for euer be the most high God possessor of Heauen and earth that sent these English as â—ngels to bring such glad tidings amongst vs. These will be doubâ—lesse the empaticke effects and exultation of â—his so Christian worke and may these nothing moue Alas let Sâ—â—balâ—at and Tobiah Papists and Plaiâ—es Ammonites and Horonites the seumme and dregges of the people let them mocke at this holy Businesse they that be filthie let them be fâ—lthie still and let such swine wallow in the mire but let not the rod of the wickâ—d falâ— vpon the lâ—t of the righteous let not them shrinke backe and call in their helpes from this so glorious enterprise wâ—ich the Prophet Isaiah cals the declaring of God to the left hand but let them that know the worke reâ—oice and be glad in the happie successe of it proclaiming that it is the euerliuing God that raigneth in England and vnto the ends of the world Excuse me curteous Reader if caried beyond my purpose I declaime passionately in this passiue and innocently despised worke which I am sure is so full of goodnesse and haue bin almost sixe yeeres a Suffer and eye witnes of his now well nigh at chieuâ—d happinesse the full and vnstaind reportory of euery accident whereof euen from his beginning together with the causes of the backwardnes in prosperity thus â—og touching at the miraculous deliuery of the scattered company cast vpon the Bermudas when those forâ—unate Islands like so many faire Neriades which receiued our wrackt company with the death of that pure and noble hearted Gentleman Sir George Sumers diing there my purpâ—se is shortly at large to publish that at length some one escaped Leaper amongst so many saued may returne backe and pay his vâ—wes of thanks giuing vnto that euer to be praised mercifull prouidence that brought vs thither vntil when I wish thy zealous and ferneâ—t thoughts and indeuours to a businesse so full of piety â—â— is this our Virginie Plantation RAPHE HAMOR A TRVE DISCOVRSE of the present estate of Virginia and the successe of the affaires there till the 18 of Iune 1614. THe many publications and impressions of Virginia an imployment wherein to this day my selfe with many other vnstaid heads thirstie after new designes haue bin to vnprofitably ingaged might iustly excuse my silence did not the filiall duty whereby in all things to the vtmost of my power I am bound to obey my Father compell me vnwillingly thereunto A taske I know by himselfe and others meerely because I haue bin Oculatus testis thus imposed vpon me in the vndertaking and performance whereof I hartily wish that my poore relation rich onely in truth as I shall cleerely iustifie my selfe by cie witnesses also may giue any credit or incouragement to proceede in a businesse so full of honour and worth whereunto if there were no secondary causes the already publisht ends I meane the glory of God in the conuersion of those Infidels and the honour of our King and country which by right may claime at the least their superfluities from those whom God hath in this world made his dispensors and purse-bearers might be a sufficient spurre to resolued Christians especially the state and condition of our collonie so standing when I left it and I assure my selfe in this time growne more mature that an honest hart would euen relent and mourne to thinke how poorely I dare not say vnworthily it is prosecuted It being true that now after fiue yeeres intestine warre with the reuengefull implacable Indians a firme peace not againe easily to be broken hath bin lately concluded not onely with the nighbour and bordering Indidians as on Pataomecke Topahanah and other Riuers but euen with that subtill old reuengefull Powhatan and all the people vnder his subiection for all whom Powhatan himselfe stands firmely ingaged by which meanes we shall not onely be furnished with what commodities their countrie yeeldeth and haue all the helpes they may afforde vsin our indeuours as they are easily taught and may by lenitie and faire vsage as Sir Thomas Dale now principall commander there and most worthy the honour he houlds is well experienced in their dispositions and accordingly makes vse of them be brought being naturally though ingenious yet idlely giueÌ„ to be no lesse industrious nay to exceede our English especially those which we hitherto and as yet are furnished with who for the most part no more sensible then beasts would rather starue in idlenesse witnesse their former proceedings then feast in labour did not the law compell them thereunto but also which will be most for our benefit our owne men may without hazard I might say with security by selfe-experience follow their feuerall labours whereby twentie shall now bee able to performe more then heretofore hath bin fortie Though I coniecture and assure my selfe that yee cannot be ignorant by what meanes this peace hath bin thus happily both for our proceedings and the welfare of the Naturals concluded yet for the honoâ—â— of Captain Argol whose indeuours in the action intituled him most worthy I iudge it no whit impertineÌ„t in my discourse to insert them which wâ—th as much breuity as I may not omitting the circumstances most pertinent and materiall I shall indeuour The general letters vpon my knowledge directed and sent to the honourable Virginia Councell being most of them though my selfe most vnworthy by me penned haue intimated how that the euerworthy gentlemaÌ„ Capt. Ãrgaâ—â— in the heate of our home furies disagreements by his best experience of the dispositioÌ„ of those people partly by gentle vsage partly by the composition mixture of threats hath euer kept faire friendly quarter with our neighbours bordering onother riuers of affinity yea consanguinity no lesse neere then brothers to Rowhatan such is his well knowne temper and discretion yea to this passe hath he brought them that they assuredly trust vpon what he promiseth and are as carefull in performing their mutuall promises as though they contended to make that Maxim that there is no faith to be held with Infidels a meere and absurd Paradox Nay as I haue heard himselfe relate who is fide dignus they haue euen bin pensâ—ue and discontented with themselues because they knew not how to doe him some acceptable good turne which might not onely pleasure him but euen be profitable to our whole Collonie and Plantation yea euer assuring him that when the times should present occasion they would take hold of her forelocke and be the instruments to worke him content and euen thus they proued themselues as honest performers as liberall promisers It chaunced Powhatans delight and daâ—ling his daughter Pocahuntas whose fame hath euen bin spred in England by the title of Nonparella
this Countrey hath present remedy Eucrie such person so welâ— disposed to aduenture thither shal soon find the difference between their own and that Country The affaires in the Colony being so well ordered and the hardest taskes already ouerpast that whosoeuer now or heerafter shall happily arriue there shall findâ— a hansome howse of some foure roomes or more if he haue a family to repose himselfe in rent freee and twelue English Acres of ground adioyning thereunto very strongly impailed which ground is onely allotted vnto him for Roots Gardaine hearbs and Corne neither shall hee need to prouide himselfe as were wont the first plantersi of a yeers prouision of victualls for that the store there will bee able to affoord him vpon these conditions he shall be entertained He shall haue for himselfe family a competentâ— 1â— months prouision deliuered vnto him in which time it must bee his care to prouide for himselfe and family euer after as those already there to this end he shall be furnished with necessary tooles of all sorts and for his better subsistance he shall haue Poultry and swine and if he deserue it a Goate or two perhaps a Cow giuen him which once compast how happily he may liue as doe many there who I am sure will neuer returne I submit to their own future well experienced iudgements Now least any man should yet rest discouraged because as yet no mention is made of any other prouision of victualls saue onely of bread corne whih graunt it may with labour be competently procured will affoord but a bare and miserable liuing I thinke there is no man so ignorant to conceiue that such a main continent as is Virginia boundlesse for ought we haue discouered and so goodly Riuers no where else to be parralled should be more barraine of Cattell Fish and Foule then other Lands assuredly they are not for true it is that the Land is stored with plenty and variety of wilde beasts Lions Bears Decre of all sorts onely differing from ours in their increase hauing vsuall three or foure Fawnes at a time none that I haue seen or heard off vnder two the reason whereof som of our people ascribe to the vertue of some grasse or hearb which they eate because our Goats often times bring foorth three and most of them two for my part I rather impute their fecundiry to the prouidence of God who for euery mouth prouideh meate and if this increase were not the Naturalls would assuredly starue fâ—r of the Deere they kill as doe wee Beeâ—es in England all the yeer long neither sparing yong nor olde no not the Does readie to fawne nor the yong fawnes if but two daies ould Beauers Otters Foxes Racounes almost as big as a Fox as good meat as a lamb hares wild Cats muske rats Squirills flying and other of three or foure sorts Apossumes of the bignesse and likenesse of a Pigge of a moneth ould a beast of as strange as incredible nature she hath commonly seauen yong ones sometimes more and sometimes lesse which at her pleasure till they be a moneth olde or more she taketh vp into her belly and putteth forth againe without hurt to her selfe or them Of each of these beasts the Lion excepted my selfe haue many times eaten and can testifie that they are not onely tastefull but also wholesome and nourishing foode There are â—oule of diuers sorts Eagles wilde Turkeis much bigger then our English Cranes Herons white and â—usset Hawkes wilde Pigeons in winter beyond number or imagination my selfe haue seene three or foure houres together flockes in the aire so thicke that euen they haue shaddowed the skie from vs Turckie Bussards Partridge Suipes Owles Swans Geese Brants Ducke and Mallard Droeis Shel Drakes Cormorants Teale Widgeon Curlewes Puits besides other small birds as Blacke-birde hedge sparrowes Oxeies wood peckers and in winter about Christmas many flockes of Parakertoths For fish the Riuers are plentifully stored with Sturgion Porpasse Base Rockfish Carpe Shad Herring Ele Catfish Perch Flat-fish Troute Sheepes-head Drummers Iarfish Creuises Crabbes Oisters and diuerse other kindes of all which my selfe haue seene great quantity taken especially the last summer at Smiths Island at one hale a frigots lading of Sturgion Base and other great fish in Captaine Argals Sauie and euen at that very place which is not aboue fifteene miles from Pointeomfort if we had been furnished with salt to haue saued it wee might haue taken as much fish as would haue serued vs that whole yeere Nor are these prouicion of bread flesh and fish al we haue for sustentation of mans life behold more change and variety of foode which our soile and climate affordeth Carrats Parsneps Turneps Raddish Pumpions of the west Indie kinde in great abundance of one seede I haue seen an hundreth much better then ours and lasting all the yeere Cabbadge Parsley all manner of pothearbs and other hearbes Margerâ—â— Time wiâ—ter-Sauory Lettice Purslaine c and besides the naturall graine of that Country as wheate pease and beanes it did me much good to view our English wheate how forward it was full eard of one graine fortie cares or more a span long and onely wanting ripening in mid Iune our English pease then ripe and beanes very forward and English barly very hopefull such as mine eâ—es neuer beheld better in England And if that soile bring forth these things as can those which haue bin there with me affirme and witnesse as plentifull and vnchangeable for taste and quantity as England or any other country why shold any man that hath his limbes in a peaceable state as is that so much as dreame of staruing To goe yet a little further I my selfe know no one Country yeelding without art or industry so manie fruites sure I am England doth wilde grapes in abundance al the woods ouer their iuice sweete and pleasant in taste some of them wee haue replanted in a vineyard adioyning to Henrico the quantity of three or foure Akers which were this yeere very plentifully laden to what perfection they will come the next returne will aduertise Cherries little inferior to ours which if replanted may prooue as much better as now they are worse Pissmienplums in bygnes and fashion like a Medlar of a flipticke quality other sorts of plummes like to our wheat plums and in goodnes answerable great fields and woods abounding with Strawberies much fairer and more sweete then ours Mulberries of great bignesse and about the Bermuda Cittie and Hundirds thereunto belonging great store thereof Maricocks of the fashion of a Lemmon whose blossome may admit comparison with our most delight some and bewtifull flowers and the fruite exceeding pleasant and tastâ—â—â—â—â— Chesâ—â—it-trees towards the fals as many as oakes and as fertile many goodly groues of Chincomen trees with a huske like vnto a Chesnut raw or hoyled luscious and harty meate Walnuts of three or four sorts where o◠〈◊〉 might be yeerely made great quantity of oylâ—s as vsefull
A TRVE DISCOVRSE OF THE PRESENT ESTATE OF VIRGINIA and the successe of the affaires there till the 18 of Iune 1614. TOGETHER WITH A RELATION OF THE seuerall English townes and forts the assured hopes of that countrie and the peace concluded with the Indians The Christening of Powhatans daughter and her mariage with an English-man Written by RAPHE HAMOR the yonger late Secretarie in that Colony Alget qui non ardet Printed at London by IOHN BEALE for WILLIAM WELBY dwelling at the signe of the Swanne in Pauls Church-yard 1615. TO THE TRVLY Honorable and right worthy Knight Sr. Thomas Smith Gouernour of the East India Muscouâ—a North-west passages Somer Islands Companies and Treasurer fâ—r the first Colony in VIRGINIA Honourable Sir HAuiâ—g in the time of my residence in Virginia as it is true my imployment then inuited mee thereunto collected for my owne vse and benefit some few occurrents and accidents which are obuious in all new imployments a thing which perhaps but few regard there to busie themselues with and fewer heer to peruse I resolued indeed only to delight my selfe and som who I am bound to be thankefull vnto in that kinde with the vnworthy view of them the rather because I haue seen many publications impressions of those affairs by those whose books I should be proud to beare after them but such is the peruersenes of mankinde such their incredulity of euery thing saue what their eies tell them to bâ— true yea such their backwardnes in the pursuit of horable enterprises that though there should bee no end of writing but euery day should drawe foorth his line and euery line his reall encouragement as mine may in the state of the Coâ—ony as it now standeth it were hard to say whether one of so many thousands as abound in England might be thereby moued to ioine with others right worthyly disposed to become a harâ—y and deuoted furtherer of an action so noble as is this which thing if I faile in effecting I shall not loose much labour since when I vndertook this taske I imagined no such thing but meerly my owne delight and content It shall be reward enough for me to expresse my indeauours there though not equall with the best yet not idly mispent I labour not to seduce or betray any to an action or imployment wherein once personally ingaged they should haue any cause to blame me neither would I force the helpe of any mans purse more then voluntary if I could beyond my art vse such effectuall perswasions There are enough in my opinion and those the worthyest of England already vnited as the way is now laid downe to perfect this businesse whose indeuours if they proceed without black slyding and therein persist some fewe yeers longer shall be requited and paid with such treble interest as it shall not repent him that is now most cold in the pursuit to haue refused more Competitors to be sharers in the returnd profit Your noble selfe Sir euer emulous of vertue and honourable Enterprises should shine to the world more noble in the vpholding of this imployment though it apeared as in the beginning full of discouragement which neuerthelesse I know your self rests so assured is now more neer then euer to perfection Your innate and habituall vertue needs no spurre your honourable indeauours well witnesse the same would God as is yours al mens offrings though not so ample were so free so hartely sacrificed then couâ—d they not thus long haue wanted their rewards perhaps for no other â—nd detained but to make others a thing which God professeth to loue and delight in more cheeâ—ful giuers Accept worthy Sir this vnworthy Treatise the bâ—st tâ—stimony of my gratuity which as yet my disabilities may render Trueth shall shroud and patronize it from the maleuolent detracting multitude whose blame though it incurre their shame and imputation it scorns and returns vnto them My zeale to the Action though I may seeme to haue forsaken it giues mee the heart to publish what I know to the world To your sâ—lfe particularly your own worth and deâ—arts to me irrequitable graunt but that fauourable acceptation which euer accompanies your worth and I shall euer acknowledge my selfe wholy yours in hope wherof I conclude with my seruice rest At your commaund to be disposed off RALPH HAMOâ— To the Reader Ignorant or enuious if you be Readers â—t is not to satisfie the best of you that I now write a more seasonable time I must take to imbarque my selfe in so rough a Sea and come off safe onely his â—uthoritie who hath power to compell my selfe and duety hath commaunded me to satisfie his affâ—ctions couetous of the dignitie and truth of this pious Plantation with these particulars that they are got abroade and become publike was no purpose in their first conception though some respect haue made them so now A naked and vnstrudied discourse I acknowledge without notes reserued but in Mâ—morie to helpe it yet thus much I doe aâ—ow that it hath duety and truth to make good all other the wants and imperfections of it I will lâ—bour in no further excuse Concerâ—ing the Virginie pious worke it selfe how it hath thriued vnder the commaund both of Sir Thomas Gates Knight Gouernour and Sir Thomas Dale Knight and Marshall of the Collonie these three yeeres and more let me say if setting aside thine owne ouerweâ—â—ing and singularity thy vnhoodded eye can now at length looke vpon it after so many yeeres of her patience aâ—d passions thou wilt easily acknowledge whose finger hath the alâ—â—â—-â—uidance of it and then I doubt nothing beâ—leâ—sed to here thy selfe intreated out of those greâ—t â—lenties and hauings which God hath lent thee to spare a little-little portion to the ful setlâ—ng and finishing vp a Sanctum Sanctorum an holy house a Sanctuary to him the God of the Spirits of all flesh amongst such poore and innocent seduced Sauages as we treate off on whom let our hopes be that it hath vouchsafed him now to be sufficiently reuenged for their forefathers Ingratitude and treasoâ—s and now in his appointed time to desâ—â—d in mâ—rcie to lighten them that sit in darkenes and in the shaddow oâ— death and to direct their feete in the waies of peace Sure yong though in yeeres and knowledge I may be said to be yet let me remember to thee perhaps much knowing Reader what the wisest man that euer writ or speake excepting him that was both God and man hath said that such who bring others vnto righteousnesse shal themselues shine as the stars in the firmament And doubtlesse I doe beleeue euen amongst the rest of my Articles when these poore Heathens shall be brought to entertaine the honour of the name and glory of the Gospell of our blessed Sauiour when they shall testifie of the true and euerliuing God and Iesus Christ to be their Saluation their knowledge so inlarged and sanctified that without him they confesse their eternal
and good as that of Oliues some filberds I haue seene Crabbes great store lesse but not so sower as ours which grafted with the Siens of Englishâ— aple trees without question would beare very good fruite and we doubt not but to haue the Siens enough the next yeere there being in Sir Thomas Gates his garden at Iames town many forward apple peare trees come vp of the kernels set the yeere before If all this be not sufficient loe further incouragement the collony is already furnished with two hundred neate cattell as many goates infinite hogges in heards all ouer the woods besides those to euerie towne belonging in generall and euery priuate man some Mares Horses Colts Poultry great store besides tame Turkeis Peacockes and Pigeons plentifully increasing and thriuing there in no Countrie better Of our yong Steeres the next winter we doubt not to haue three or foure Ploughes going which once compast we shall in short time be able to repay England the corne they haue lent vs. If I knew yet any further impediments which might seeme to giue discouragement to aduenture thither I should as easily remoue them Obiect that pleaseth the want of cloathes so long as there are wilde beasts there and the beasts haue skinnes on their backes if the necessity were such why should not we as doe the naturals cloath our selues therewith it is no worse then our fore-fathers haue worne before vs and such as will saue vs from the colde in winter and heate in summer but admit there were no skinnes or being there our people disdaine to weare them If there be any man that hath beene so ill an husband here that he cannot furnish himselfe with a yeeres prouision of apparrell if I might counsell he should not be suffered to goe thither for that country is not for him as for others who can prouide apparrell for the first yeere I holde him a worse husband then the former that shall at any time after be worse cloathed then he went ouer the valuable commoditie of Tobacco of such esteeme in England if there were nothing else which euery man may plant and with the least part of his labour tend and care will returne him both cloathes and other necessaries For the goodnesse whereof answerable to west-Indie Trinidado or Craeus admit there hath no such bin returned let no man doubt Into the discourse wherof since I am obuiously entred I may not forget the gentleman worthie of much commendations which first tooke the pains to to make triall thereof his name Mr Iohn Rolfe Anno Domini 1612. partly for the loue he hath a long time borne vnto it and partly to raise commodity to the aduenturers in whose behalfe I witnesse and vouchsafe to holde my testimony in beleefâ— that during the time of his aboade there which draweth neere vpon sixe yeeres no man hath laboured to his power by good example there and worthy incouragement into England by his letters then he hath done witnes his mariage with Rowhatans daughter one of rude education manners barbarousand cursed generation meerely for the good and honour of the Plantation And least any man should conceiue that some sinister respects allured him hereunto I haue made bold contrary to his knowledge in the end of my treatise to insert the true coppie of his letter written to Sir Thomas Dale to acquaint him with his proceedings and purpose therein the rather to giue testimony to the misconstruing and ill censuring multitude of his integritie in the vndertaking a matter of so great a consequent who in my hearing haue not spared to speak their pleasures his owne letter hits them home and the better sort who know to censure iudiciously cannot but highly commend and approue so worthy an vndertaking Thus farre I haue applied my selfe to incourage personall Aduenturers I would gladly now by worthy motiues allure the heauie vndertakers to persist with alacritie and cheerefulnesse both for their owne reputations the honour of God and their King and Country The worthier sort J meane those Nobles and others of that honourable counsell interessed therein neede no spurre their owne innate vertues driues them a pace The Merchant onely wants some feeling and present returne of those commodities which he is perswaded the country affordeth to them therefore I will addresse my speech and if I may perswade them to be constant in their proceedings some small time longer the benefit will be the greater and the more welcome when it commeth It is not for nothing Sir Thomas Dale so noblie without respect to his liuing to his Lady here in England past the prefixed time of his resolued returne yet remaineth there I am sure if he pleased he might returne with as much honour as any man from thence I say not more I shall little neede and indeede it were but wast and Idle for me to repeate and mention the commodities which with onely labour may bee there procured many Treatises hath them at full Samples haue beene sent home and no man disputeth the goodnes or the quantitie there to be had take therefore double courage to yourselues and let these two yeeres neglect be restored by a cheerefull and new onset and for your incouragement reade yet a little further and view the face of the Colony euen superficially portraide see what effects these three yeâ—res haue wrought In May 1611 Sir Thomas Dale with a prosperous passage not full eight weekes arriued there with him about three hundred people such as for the present speede and dispatch could then be prouided of worse condition then those formerly there who I sorrow to speake it were not so prouident though once before bitten with hunger and pennury as to put corne into the gound for their winters bread but trusted to the store then furnished but with eight months prouisioÌ„ His first care therfore was to imploy al hands about seâ—ting of Corne at the two Forts seated vpon Keâ—oughtan Henry and Charles whereby the season then not fully past thogh about the end of May we had there an indifferent Crop of good corn This businesse taken order for and the care and trust of it committed to his vnder officers to Iames Towne he hastened where the most company were and their daily and vsuall workes bowling in the streetes these he imployed about necessary workes as felling of Timber repairing their houses ready to fall vpon their heads and prouiding pales post and railes to impaile his puâ—posed new Towne which by reason of his ignorance in those parts but newly arriued there he had not resolued where to seate For his better knowledge therefore of those parts himselfe with an hundreth men spent some time in discouery first Nansamund Riuer which in dispight of the Indians then our enemies he discouered to the head after that our owne Riuer to the fals wherevpon a high land inuironed with the mayn Riuer som sixteene or twentie miles from the head of the Fals neere to an Indian
haue tasted there euen of mine owne planting which howsoeuer being then the first yeer of our triall thereof wee had not the knowledge to cure and make vp yet are ther some now resident there out of the last yeers well obserued experience which both know and I doubt not wili make and returne such Tobacco this yeerâ— that euâ—n England shall acknowledge the goodnesse thereof Now I proceed to the silke grasse which groweth like vnto our flax I meane not of that kinde foâ—merly sent ouer I haue seen euen of the naturall and wilde plants which Captaine Martin who much delighteth in those businesses hath made exceeding fine and exceeding strong silke and himselfe hath replanted many of the wilde plants this yeere the silke whereof he purposeth to returne for triall The silke wormes sent thither from England in seeds the last winter came foorth many of them the beginning of March others in Aprill Maye and Iune thousands of them grown to great bignesse and a spinning and the rest well thriuing of their increase and commodity well knowne to be reaped by them we haue all most assurance since sure I am no Country affoordeth more store of Mulbery trees or a kind with whose leafe they more delight or thriue better It may be heere happily expected that I should giue vp the relation of Captaine Argalls particular voyages and indeauours and euen as in a Plat demonstrate his Norward discoueries from which businesse I desire to be excused partly because himselfe is best able to make his owne relations and partly because my home imployments would not permit me leisure to accompany him though my selfe desirous in any of his voyages whose indeauours if I should indeauour to make knowne and publish could receiue no honour at all by my commendations or descriptions much might they be impaired through my ignorance or vnskillfullnes to set them foorth yet cannot I omit to publish to the world what present reliefe he hath don to the Colony furnishing vs by two trading voyages with three and twenty hundred bushels of Corne into our store deliuered beside what he reserued for his mens prouision what he bestowed vpon well deseruers and what his men appropriated I passe by the benefit of peace iu those parts by reason of his Captiue Pochahuntas concluded established and will onely name the commoditie by his meanes done vnto vs in repairing of our weatherbeten boats and furnishing vs with new bâ—th strong and vsefull without whose assistance heerin vnlesse wee should haue omitted other necessary imployments I see not how we should haue had passage one to another His Norward discoueries towards Sacadehâ—c and beyond to Portroyall Sancta Crux and thereabout may not be concealed In which his aduentures if he had brought home no commodity to the Colony which yet he did very much both of apparrell victualls and many other necessaries the honour which he hath done vnto our Nation by displanting the French there beginning to seate fortesie within our limits and taking of their Ship and Pinnas which he brought to Iames Towne would haue been reward enough for his paines and will euer speake loud his honour and approueâ— valour I haue heard it credibly reported euen from the mouth of Captaine Argall that in one small Shippe and in one voyage the French haue cleâ—red eight thousand pounds by trade with the Indians for â—â—rs which benefit wil be as easily by vs procured It is true the Saluadges there inhabiting before Captaine Argalls arriuall esteemed the French as Demy-Gods and had them in great estimation but seeing them vanquished and ouercom by vs forsook theâ— yea which is no meane point of pollicy desired our friendship telling Captaine Argall that hee had vndone them for euer for that the French by yeerâ—ly trade with them for Furres furnished them with maâ—y necessaries whereof they had great want which trade by this meanes might happily be hindered But Captaine Argall hath agreed with them to resâ—rue their Furrâ—s for him and promised theâ— once a yeere to come thither and truck with them they seemed very well content assuring him that though the French should at any time arriue there and proffer them trade they would reserue all their Furs for him and what profit by this meanes onely may be returned to the Virginia aduenturers I submit to Captaine Argalls owne oppinion and iudgement I purrposely omitted one thing in the Treatise of our concluded peace wherewith I intend to conclud my discourse which already I haue drawne to a longer period then I purposed whereby wee haue gathered the better assurance of their hoâ—est inward intentions and this it is It pleased Sir Thomas Dale my selfe being much desirous before my returne for England to visit Powhatan his Court because I would be able to speaâ— somwhat thereof by mine own knowledge to imploy my selfe and aâ— english boy for my Interpreter on Thomas Saluage who had liued three yeers with Powhatan and speakes the language naturally one whom Powhatan much affecteth vpon a message vnto him which was to deale with him if by any meanes I might procure a daughter of his who Pochahuntas being already in our possession is generally reported to be his delight and darling and surely he esteemeth her as his owne soule for surer pledge of peace I departed the fifteenth of May early in the morning with the English Boy and two Indian guides from the Bermudas and came to his court or residence as I iudge some three score miles distant from vs being seated at the hâ—â—d almost of Pamaâ—nkie Riuer at a towne called Mâ—tchCot the next night after about twelue of the clocke the former night lodging in the open woods feareles and without daunger when we were come oppoâ—â—te to his Towne the maine riuer betweene him and vs least at any time we should martch by land vnto him vndiscouered my Indian guides called fâ—r a Canoa â— boate made onely of one tree after the fashion of a hollow trough to transport vs giuing them to know that there was two English sent vpon businesse to Powhatan from the English Weroance which once knowne a Canoa was presently sent and we ferried ouer Powhatan himselfe attending at the landing place to welcome vs. His first salutation was to the Boy whom he very wel remâ—mbred after this manner my childe you are welcome you haue bin a straunger to me these foure yeeres at what time I gaue you leaue to goe to Paspahae for so was Iames towne called before our seating there to see your friends and till now you neuer returned you said he are my child by the donatiue of Captaine Newport in liew of one of my subiects Namontacke who I purposely sent to King Iames his land to see him and his country and to returne me the true report thereof he as yet is not returned though many ships haue arriued here from thence since that time how ye haue delt with him I know not hauing thus ended his