Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	wine_n	year_n	yearly_a	22	3	9.9826	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42127	Chorographia, or, A survey of Newcastle upon Tine the estate of this country under the Romans : the building of the famous wall of the Piets, by the Romans : the ancient town of Pandon : a briefe description of the town, walls, wards, churches, religious houses, streets, markets, fairs, river and commodities, with the suburbs : the ancient and present government of the town : as also, a relation of the county of Northumberland, which was the bulwark for England, against the introdes of the Scots : their many castles and towers : their ancient Cheviot-Hills, of Tinedale, and Reedsdale, with the inhabitants.	Gray, William, fl. 1649.	1649 (1649)	Wing G1975; ESTC R10141	20,120	58

and cost can scarce live of his Trade nay many of them hath consumed and spent great estates and dyed beggers I can remember one of many that raysed his estate by Coale-trade many I remember that hath wasted great estates I shall illustrate this by a story of two Spaniards brothers which travelled into the West Indies with that estate and means which they had acquired One of the brothers was a Miner to imploy many slaves in silver Mines the other brother was to be an Husbandman to provide Corne Sheep and other provisions for the Miner and his men much silver was got out of the ground by those Miners the Husbandman got monies out of his stock for his commodities After many yeares delving and labouring in these silver mines at last the Mines was exhausted and decayed and all the money which he had got for many yeares labour and cost was run into his brothers the husbandmans hands and all his stock upstanding he living all that time of the profit that his ground yeelded So it is with our Coale-Miners they labour and are at a great charge to maintain men to work their Collieries they wast their own bodies with care and their Collieries with working the kernell being eaten out of the nut there remaineth nothing but the shell their Collieries is wasted and their monies is consumed this is the uncertainty of Mines a great charge the profit uncertain Some South Gentlemen hath upon great hope of benefit come into this Country to hazard their monies in Coale-Pits Master Beamont a Gentleman of great ingenuity and rare parts adventured into our Mines with his thirty thousand pounds who brought with him many rare engines not known then in these parts As the art to boore with iron rodds to try the deepnesse and thicknesse of the Coale rare engines to draw water out of the Pits Waggons with one horse to carry down Coales from the Pits to the Stathes to the River c. Within few years he consumed all his money and rode home upon his light horse Some Londoners of late hath disbursed their monies for the reversion of a lease of Colliery about thirty yeares to come of the lease When they come to crack their nuts they find nothing but the shells Nuts will not keep thirty yeares there 's a swarme of wormes under ground that will eate up all before their time they may find some Meteors ignis fatuus in stead of a Mine 3. Commodity that this River bringeth forth is Grindstones which is conveyed into most parts of the World according to the Proverb A Scot a Rat and a New-Castle Grindstone you may find all the world over 4. Commodity of this River Is the great plenty of Salmond taken in this water which serveth this Town and other parts Upon the South side of this River stands a Town called Jarro where lived that Venerable Bede admired for his learning in those times of darknesse Camden entituleth him The singular Glory and Ornament of England Malmesbury Vir erat quem mirari facilius quam dignum praedicari possis qui extremo natus orbis Angulo Doctrinae corusco terras omnes perstrinxerat Beda lived in the time of the Saxons Heptarchy in England in the Kingdom of Northumbers seven hundred yeares after Christ This River hath two heads or maine streames South Tine which runs through Allendale North Tine which runs through Tinedale they meet West of Hexam and salute one another DIVINE PROVIDENCE OVER ALL NATIONS AND COUNTRIES OUR most provident and glorious Creator hath so furnished all Countries with severall Commodities that amongst all nations there might be a sociable conversation and mutuall commerce one people standing in need of another all might be combined in a common league and exhibit mutuall succours Non omnia sert anima tellus From the Indies gould silver gems drugs c. From Italy silkes From Spaine fruits saffron sacks From Denmarke amber cordage firs and flax From France wines and linuen From England wooll tinn From these Northern parts coale salt grindstones c. Which trade of coale began not past fourescore yeares since Coales in former times was onely used by Smiths and for burning of lime Woods in the South parts of England decaying and the City of London and other Cities and Towns growing populous made the trade for Coale increase yearely and many great ships of burthen built so that there was more Coales vented in one yeare then was in seven yeares forty yeares by-past this great trade hath made this part to flourish in all trades Camden calls Newcastle Ocellus the Eye of the North the Harth that warmeth the South parts of this Kingdome with sire An Aegypt to all the Shires in the North in time of famine for bread All quarters of the country comes with money in their purses to buy Corne to feed their families this summer This Town hath been famous in soure ages of the world 1. In the time of the Romans being in these parts being the utmost limits of the Roman Empire 2. Famous for the Monasteries in old times 3. This Town famous being a bulwarke against the Scots all the power of Scotland could never win it since the walls were built but of late being assisted by the English was stormed our churches and houses defaced the ornaments of both plundered and carried away the crowne of our heads is fallen woe now unto us for we have sinned 4. Famous for the great trade of Coale White-Salt Grindstones c. which they furnish other countries with Newcastle likewise excells in foure things before spoken 1. The Town Walls Gates Towers and Turrets 2. Saint Nieholas Church Steeple caput inter nubila condit 3. The Tine-Bridge consisting of eight stately Arches Towers and Houses 4. The long and faire Key for ships to unload their commodities The Revenues of the Town is not great considering the disbursements for repairing of Streets High-wayes Bridges maintenance of Ministers Schoole-Masters Poore c. The Armes of the Town is the three Castles Argent in a Field Geules Camden Newe 22. grad. 30. min. Long 54. gr. 57. M. Lat. Hues Newcast 23. grad. 10. min. Long 55. gr. 20. M. Lat. THE SUBURBS OF NEWCASTLE GATESIDE a Burrow upon the South side of the river Tine an ancient inhabited place a parish of it selfe in the Bishopprieke of Durham King Edward the sixth united it to the town of Newcastle since Queen Mary gave it again to the Bishops Sea of Durham The suburbs out of Newgate and Pilgrim-Street are ruinated in these late warres neer unto the Barras-Bridge is an Hospitall dedicated to Mary Magdelane There is many closes in that part and large fields of meddowes called the Castle Leases belonging to the Town the gift of King John as some say to the good men of Newcastle There is a Postern between New-Gate and West-Gate which goeth into a Close called the Warden-Close where the Warden of the Priour of Tine-mouth had his house garden

memory will continue untill there be no more time Aere vel marmore perennius viz. His gift of twenty pound per annum for ever to the foure Churches in Newcastle Dignum laude Virum Musa vetat Mori There is a Tombe as is reported belonging to the Fitz-Williams not placed who going Embassador into Scotland dyed and was interred in Saint Nicholas 2. Is Allhallowes omnium animarum Panton theon from the ancient name of that part of the Towne Pampeden having a broad and square Church and more populous then all the three other Parishes and able to contain more people then the rest having three Galleries There is few Monuments or Tombes in it Onely one stately Tombe of that worthy benefactor Roger de Thornton having a large jet stone curiously ingraven with his Armes and the Armes of that noble Family of the Lord Lumley who married a daughter of Thorntons He dyed in the Reigne of Henry the seventh There was one Thomas Smith Shipwright of this Parish that gave foure pound eighteen shillings ten pence yearly for ever to the distressed poor of that Parish 3. Church is Saint Johns a pretty little Church commended by an Arch-Prelate of this Kingdome because it resembleth much a Crosse In this Parish the Earles of Westmorland had his house as others good benefactors to this Towne 4. Saint Andrews the ancientest of all the foure as appeareth by the old building and fashion of the Church In it is to be seen a pardon of a Pope for nine thousand yeares to come Likewise there is an ancient large Stone of one Adam de Athell of Gesmund with this inscription hic jacot Dominus Adamaus de Athel Miles qui obiit Anno 1887. The Parson of the Towne is the Bishop of Carlile who hath his Vicar or Substitute and a faire old house belonging to the Vicar THE STREETS AND BUILDINGS OF THE ANCIENT TOWNE OF PAMPDEN I COME in the next place to describe every part of this Towne what it was in the times of the Heptarchy of this Kingdom and in after succeeding ages First of Pampeden alias Pantheon It hath retained his name without much alteration since the Romans recided in it After the departure of the Romans the Kings of Northumberland kept their recidence in it and had their house now called Pandon-Hall It was a safe bulwarke having the Picts Wall on the North side and the River of Tine on the South This place of Pandon is of such antiquitie that if a man would expresse any ancient thing it is a common proverb As old as Pandon In it is many ancient buildings houses and streets Some Gentlemen of Northumberland had their houses in it There is an ancient place called the Wall-Knowle called since Saint Michael upon the Wall-Knowle having a high and strong Tower now called the Carpenters-Tower adjoyning to that place upon the Town-Wall There is below towards the River of Tine an ancient Religious House called Trinity-House not many houses in England named by that name now converted to another use for the Masters of Trinity-House which have many priviledges and immunities granted unto them for services done by sea In this part of the Town of Pandon below is many narrow Streets or Chaires and ancient buildings through the midst of it the River of Tine flows and ebbs and a Burne runs called Pandon-burne This place called the Burne-Banek stands very low It is recorded that in Edward the thirds time an hundred and forty houses was drowned by overflowing of water ●ince the houses towards the Key side are heightned with ballist and a high stone Wall without which Wall is a long and broad Whars or Key which hindereth the like inundation In the upper part of this Pandon is an ancient Religious House founded by the Kings of Northumberland now called the Mannours formerly Saint Augustine Friers where the Kings of Northumberland was enterred since in succeeding ages inlarged and beautified with stately buildings Cloysters and a faire Church The kings of England since the Conquest kept house in it when they came with an Army Royall against Scotland and since the suppression of Monasteries made a Magazine and Storehouse for the North parts Now of late that princely fabrick demolished and layd levell with the ground The pride covetousnesse luxury and idolatry of these houses brought a sudden ruine upon themselves and houses In this place of Pandon is a Bridge called Stock-Bridge where Fishers come up with their fish and sould them here THE GRANTS AND CHARTERS TO THE TOWNE THE antiquity of this Towne is known to be from that time that the Romans had command in the Northern parts who built the Picts Wall After their departure the Saxons became masters of this countrey then the Danes The Danes being vanquished and expelled this land the English enjoyed it untill William the Conquerour made all England vassals and obey his Norman laws as far as the River of Tine King William overthrew the Northern forces in Gateside-Foil neer Newcastle Since which time great is the priviledges that Kings and Princes hath endowed this Town with Robert sonne of William the Conquerour built the Castle called New-Castle against the often inrodes of our neighbouring Scots King John gave the first Grant to Newcastle and endowed it with many priviledges and immunities to the good men of the same King Henry the third made it a Corporation whereas formerly it belonged to the County of Northumberland as by Henry the thirds Charter doth appear Noveritis nos concessisse demisisse hae Charta nostra confirmasse pro nobis haredibus nostris probis hominibus nostris de Novo-Castello super Tinam haeredibus corum villam nostram cum Novo-Castello cum omnibus pertinentibus suis ad seod firmum c. The Town of Pampden was granted to the beloved Burgesses and good men of Newcastle in King Edward the firsts reign as by his Charter appears Sciatis quod dedimus concessimus haee Charta nostra confirmavimus pro nobis haeredibus nostris dileetis Burgensibus probis hominibus nostris ville Novieastri super Tinam onmes terras tenementa cum pertinentibus in Pampeden in Biker juxta predictam Villam Novicastri c. Et quod predicta Villa Novicastri terrae tenementa predicta in Pampeden unica Villa de cetero sint unus Burgus ad uniendum concludendum dictae Villae Novicastri in angmendationem emendationem securitatem ejusdem Villae c. All the Kings and Queens of England successively granted unto the Town some honour or priviledge and inlarged their Charters Edward the third gave them the Forth for the good services of the Townes-men Edward the fourth gave them power to choose yearely Mayor and Aldermen in lieu of Baylisses After Kings granted to the Mayor and Communalty all the Royalties of the River of Tine from Sparrow-Hawke unto Heddon-Streames and that no ship load and unload

of this street is many passages into other parts of the Town as the neither and higher Deane-Bridge into the West the Mannour Chaire upon the East having a way to that sumptuous building of the Minorites of old called Saint Augustin Fryers also a street called Silver Street having a passage down to Pandon WEST-GATE STREET UPON the West of the Town is Denton Chaire which goeth into West-Gate Street which is a broad street and private for men that lives there hath imployment for Town and Country The Earl of Westmerland had his house in this street and other Gentlemen In this street is an Hospitall called the Spittle In the East of that Chappell is the place for electing of Majors Aldermen Sheriffes and other Officers in the Town next Munday after Michaelmas Day In which place is made of late a famous Grammer-School Writing-School and houses within the Spittle for the Masters Protos Archididascalos or the first head School-Master was that Reverend Master Robart Fowberry a learned and painfull man to indoctrinate youth in Greek and Latine In the North side of the street towards West-Gate is an ancient building called now Bennet Chessie Fryers where now the nine Crafts of this Town have their meeting houses It was called in old time the Grey-Fryers In the South West of the Town is the White-Fryers and neer that a street called Baylisse-Gate which in former times belonged unto the Castle and County of Northumberland there is a Postern Gate where prisouers taken in time of hostility with Scotland and selous of the County of Northumberland were brought in privately into the Castle in Newcastle where the common Gaile for the County is Neer this street is two wayes which goes down into the Close the Long Staires and Tudhill Staires THE GOVERNMENT OF THE TOWN Now let us speak concerning the Government of this Town The first Grant was Burgensibus probis hominibus Novieastri super Tinam To the Burgesses and good men of the Town of Newcastle Out of whom yearly was chosen Baylisses which is the ancient Officers of Cities and Towns in England King Edward the fourth out of his abundant grace and favour to the aforesaid Town Burgesses their heires and successours grants yearly to choose a Major and six Aldermen and that the aforesaid Major and Aldermen for the time being or any four thre or two of them have full power and authority to enquire hear and determine all manner of complaints and causes appertaining to the office of a Justice of the Peace Instead of Baylisses is chosen a Sheriffe yearly King Richard the second gave the Sword to be carried before the Major which represents royall power and authority delegated by Charters to them their heires and successors from their Soveraign The power of a Major is great the highest dignity or honour that can be bestowed upon a City or Town according to that office amongst the Romans of Propraetors and Proconsuls who had in all Countries and Kingdoms under their command their Viceroyes or Representatives In after times upon a division among the Aldermen there were foure Aldermen more added so now it is governed by a Major Recorder ten Aldermen and one Sheriffe Their Officers are two Clarks one for the Town Court the other for the Town Chamber The Officers that attendeth upon his person is a Sword-bearer with a Cap of Maintenance a Water-Baylisse seven Serjeants in their Gowns and Maces All these nine Officers goes before the Major and Aldermen in their gownes to Church and at any solemnity In former times the Aldermen of the Town had their Searlet Gownes but the proud Scot got them by Conquest as they did other Ornaments of the Town thinking no English in authority worthy to weare Seerlet but themselves and so they continued lording over us for two yeares untill they were hyred out as they were brought in being a mercenary Nation for any Nation for mony There are twelve Trades or Crafts which are chief in electing of Major and other Officers viz. Drapers Mereers Glovers Taylors Boothmen Shoomakers Bakers Tanners Sadlers Butchers Smiths and Dyers There is the By-crafts which are fifteen in number every one of them hath their Meeting-houses in the Towers of the Wall and are called at this day by the name of the By-crafts their ancient names is after the name of the founder THE TWENTY-FOUR WARDS OE THE TOWN THERE is foure and twenty Wards in the Town every Ward hath his Tower or Gate in the Walls which they were to keep in times of hostility with the Scots whereof these are some White Friers Tower Ward Nevils Tower Ward West-Spittle Tower Stanke Tower Pink Tower Gunners Tower West-Gate Tower Durham Tower Thickets Tower Carlile Tower Barthram Mumbugget Tower Evers Tower Saint Austines Tower Walke-Knowle Ward c. OF THE RIVER TINE AND THE COMMODITIES THE Port or Haven of this River is able to receive Ships of foure hundred tuns having Rocks on the North side of the Haven and Sands upon the South dangerous in a North-East Wind. Incidit in Seyllam qui vult vitare Charibdim Upon the North side of the Haven is an ancient strong Castle the Seat of the Priour of Tinemouth King Henry the eighth coverted the Castle from a Priory to be a defence for the River and Country against Forraigne Invasions 1. The Southside of the River is Warwick-shire in the County of Durham where is many Salt-Pans which makes white Salt out of Salt Water boyled with Coale 2. An other Commodity that this River bringeth forth is Coale in great abundance most of the people that liveth in these parts lives by the benefit of Coales and are carried out of this River into most parts of England South-Ward into Germany and other transmarine Countries John Johnston out of the Poëms of the Cities of Britain NEW-CASTLE Seated upon high rock she sees Dame Natures wonders strange Or else to others wittily doth vent them for exchange In vain why seek you Fire from Heaven to serve your turn The ground here either keeps it close or quickly makes it burn Nor that which folk with stony flash or whirlwind grim affrights But giveth life to earthly things and minds to living wights This melteth Iron Brasse and Gould so pliable and soft What mind th' allective shade of Gould stirs not nor sets aloft Nay more then so men say it doth dull Mettals change to Gold To say therefore it is a God our Alchymists are bold If God he be as thou glv'st out great Master of thy word How many Gods than doth this place and our Scotland afford Many thousand people are imployed in this trade of Coales many live by working of them in the Pits many live by conveying them in Waggons and Waines to the River Tine many men are imployed in conveying the Coales in Keels from the Stathes aboard the Ships one Coale Merchant imployeth five hundred or a thousand in his Works of Coale yet for all his labour care