Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	wine_n	year_n	yearly_a	22	3	9.9826	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A26235	A treatise of fruit trees shewing the manner of planting, grafting, pruning, and ordering of them in all respects according to rules of experience gathered in the space of thirty seven years : whereunto is annexed observations upon Sr. Fran. Bacons Natural history, as it concerns fruit-trees, fruits and flowers : also, directions for planting of wood for building, fuel, and other uses, whereby the value of lands may be much improved in a short time with small cost and little labour / by Ra. Austen.	Austen, Ralph, d. 1676.	1665 (1665)	Wing A4240; ESTC R29129	167,009	399

see by experience they will grow and thrive upon almost any Land but a loose warm soyle is accounted best if it be shelving upon the Sun upon such a ground they will thrive much faster and the profits will be greater than on cold clay moist ground Howsoever plant any ground that may be planted the profits will be great and many to the present Age and to Posterity And now I return again into the Orchard and Garden and shall also speak somewhat further concerning Vine-yards which some are very confident may be made here in England with very good success and advantage IT is Recorded that many Vineyards have been formerly in England and that Tithes have been paid in some part of Gloucester-shire of Wine made of the Vineyards there See Mr. Hartlibs Legacy of Husbandry pag. 23 and 24. And that a Gentleman in the Wild of Kent maketh six or eight Hogsheds yearly of his own Vines that he hath one old Vine upon the sides and tiles of his House that yieldeth nigh an Hogshed of Wine in a year p. 26. Camdens Testimony of Vineyards in England Camden in his Britannia pag. 357. says That William of Malmesbery writes That there is no Country in all England so thick set with Vineyards as Gloucester-shire nor so plentiful in increase the Wines thereof made affect not their mouths that drink them with any unpleasant tartness as being little inferiour in sweetness and odor to the French Wines And Mr. Camden adds That this is the Reason why many places in that Countrey and elsewhere in England are called Vineyards And that it may seem to be the sloathfulness of the People rather then any indisposition of the Aire that this Nation yieldeth not Wine at this day Mr. Parkinsons Iudgement of Vineyards in England Howsoever Mr. Parkinson in his Paradisus Terrestris pag. 553. tells us he thinks it would be a fruitless labour to strive in these dayes to make a good Vineyard in England for that years are not now so hot as formerly And he brings experience into witness the thing That divers both Nobles and Gentlemen of late times have endeavoured to plant Vineyards and brought over Frenchmen to do it but could never make any Wine that was worth the drinking being so small and heartless that they soon gave over their practise And also One says in Camdens Brit. pag. 269. That we have had Vines in Britan since Probus the Emperours time rather for shade than fruit Now men have heard the Judgement of Writers and what is Recorded concerning Vineyards in England they may do as they see cause A Vineyard must have all advantages with us It is very probable that if some special Vines that ripens their Fruits early as some do with us were planted with all the advantages that may be as upon the side of an hill upon the South-East Sun upon on a hot sandy soyle the Vines kept short and low within a yard of the ground and the ground kept bare without weeds or grass it 's likely I say thus planted and ordered they would afford good Wines even with us in England Or if Vines some early kinds be planted upon the South-sides of houses or Morning Sun and spread upon the Tiles no doubt the Grapes will make good Wine but I verily believe that Vines upon level ground without the advantages before mentioned will not bring forth Grapes to perfection it 's likely such would make very good Vineger or Verjuice better then that of Crabs An experienced way for good Wines But seeing we have such a known Experienced way to make good wine in England of Pearmains Pippins Moyles Redstreaks and other Fruits we need care the less for Wine of Grapes the best that is said of the Wine that hath been made in England of Grapes is That is hath been little inferior in sweetness and odor to the French Wines but the commendation of Wine made of the best Apples is far higher viz. That it hath been esteemed by good pallates not inferior to the best Wine of Grapes ●all things considered yea hath been preferred before it See pag. 145. Hereafter follow divers Experiments and Observations promiscuously without dependance one upon another IT is good to Plant some Aprecot-trees Peach-trees Fig-trees and other kinds of Trees which we use to Plant against a wall upon Standards to grow somewhat low as Dwarf-trees if it may be upon the side of a South-hill Experience shews the Fruit will come to ripeness but be somewhat later and smaller however this saves abundance of labour and time and some cost in pruning and nailing the branches to the wall yearly The Fig-tree bears an excellent cordial fruit it doth sensibly refresh the Spirits after eating but eat moderately lest they make the blood to abound overmuch If the ground be kept bare with diging or paring often the fruit will be the fairer and sooner ripe the reflection of the Sun from the bare earth will be almost as strong as from a wall especially if beaten down hard after digging Moist waterish grounds are bad for Fruit-trees they chill the Roots and cause Moss upon the Trees and make the Fruits more cold and on a worse taste then the same kinds on drier grounds but if Trees must be planted on such grounds lay them as dry as may be by ditches and trenches in several places It will advantage Trees in bearing old Trees especially to put Pigeons dung Lees of Wine with some Ashes Brimstone or the like to kill worms about the Roots or to put some blood or pieces of flesh to their Roots also state Urin mixed is very good for them but yet beware of using too great a quantity of these hot things at one time some Trees have been quite spoiled with blood and such like in not observing therein a meet quantity and season Wine and hot waters refresh our bodies used moderately but otherwise are hurtful a man may be killed with Cordials if immoderately taken so of all other Creatures Also to water Trees in blossoming and knitting time makes them hold their fruit better If Trees thrive not nor bear well one cause among many others and not so much observed may be for that some hurtful creatures may breed and lie about their Roots as Pismires Toads Efts and such like One digging about the Roots of a Tree that did not thrive well found a very great multitude of Efts a great neast of them lying at the Roots which undoubtedly was the cause of the poorness of the Tree so of other such like creatures therefore once in 3 or 4 years it 's good to dig and turn up the earth about the Roots especially of old Trees and withal to put in some dung throughly rotten or fresh earth Fruit-trees planted in the fields make Grass to spring earlier in the year by reason they cause warmth and in a hot sommer they shade the grass when it is burnt up in some

have good store of Fruits when others it may be want who have none of these Trees Concerning Stocks fit for Cherry-trees ● account the Black-Cherry-stock the best to graft any kind of Cherry upon Yet some hold the Red-Cherry-stock is best for May-Cherries But the Black-Cherry-stocks are goodly straight Plants and full of Sap and become greater Trees then the Red-Cherry-trees There are very many kinds of Plums many more then of Cherries I esteem the Mustle-Plum one of the best being a faire large Purple-plush and of an excellent rellish and the Trees bear abundantly The Damazeene also is an excellent fruit The Violet and Premorden Plum-trees are very great bearing Trees and the fruits pleasant and good The Damasco-Plum is a good Fruit and the Trees bear well Many other kinds might be named very good Plums some approve of one kind and some of another but the driest plums which part from the stones are accounted best Plum-Grafts must be grafted upon Plum-stocks not upon Cherry-stocks or any other kind of stocks that I know The White Pear-plum-stocks are accounted the best and the Damson-stocks the worst being dry stocks so that Grafts cannot so well take nor thrive upon them Those stocks of Plums which have large leaves and full shoots I account the best as being fullest of sap Graft not Plum-grafts upon Cherry stocks nor Cherries upon Plums as some prescribe different kinds will not agree together They l grow it may be a year or two then die Though Aprecocks are in the general accounted Plums yet because of the excellency of the fruit they may be spoken of by themselves I know but few kinds of them but some I know to be far better bearers some are larger then others and some sooner ripe then others all good fruits There 's one kind that is a very great bearer and a faire large fruit observe then those Trees that usually bear well and get Buds from them at the season to Inoculate as is shew'd pag. 50. for these must be propagated only by the bud not by grafting I account the White-pear-plum-stocks the best to Inoculate Aprecock buds upon although they may be done upon other Plum-stocks with good success if they be good juicy stocks able to give a large nourishment for Aprecock-trees require much nourishment I shall joyn the Nectrine with the Aprecock although another kind of fruit The best kind that I know is the Roman red Nectrine But it is very hard to be propagated as for Grafting none take that way and but few with Inoculating which I conceive is the reason it is the dearest of all Plants with us The Yellow and Green Nectrines are much short of it in goodness The White Pear-Plum-stock though accounted the best for any plum yet I finde is scarce good enough for this fruit to be Inoculated upon it though some do indifferent well But I hold it best to Inoculate the Roman red Nectrine upon the Branch of an Aprecock which before hath been Inoculated upon a good Plum-stock that it may give not only a larger but a finer nourishment then ordinary Plum-stocks can do upon these stocks they take and hold exceeding well and also upon Peach-stocks Of Peaches there are divers kinds I know by experience the Nutmeg and Newington Peaches to be excellent tasted fruits and very good bearers especially the Nutmeg-Peach which makes amends for the smallness of the fruit but the Newington-Peach is a very large and gallant fruit These require choice Plum-stocks to be Inoculated upon as the White Pear-plum-stock or else stocks comming of Peach-stones I know but one kind of Figs that come to ripeness with us in England The great Blew fig as large as a Catherine-Pear The Trees grow in divers Gardens in Oxford and bear their fruits to perfect ripeness The trees must be set against a South-wall and be spread up with nailes and Leathers or if Planted upon warm land and in a warm place they will bear well on Standards These Trees are increased from the Root of the old Tree draw up the small suckers and plant them These need neither Inoculating nor Grafting also bend the boughs that are lowest down into the earth and they 'l take root as Vines which may be cut off and transplanted Some Authors affirm that there have been Vine-yards in England in former times though they be all destroyed long since Divers places retaine the name of Vine-yards still At Bromwel-Abby in Norfolke and at Elie in Cambridg-shire which afforded wine what else is the meaning of these old Rimes Quatuor sunt Eliae Lanterna Capella Mariae Et Molendinum nec non dans Vinea vinum Englished thus Foure things of Elie Towne much spoken are The Leaden Lanthorne Maries Chappel rare The mighty Mil-hill in the Minster field And fruitful Vineyards which sweet wine doe yield And doubtless men might Plant Vines with good success to make good wine even with us There are many kinds of Vines but I know none so good and fit for our Climate as the Parsley Vine with the white and red muskcadine we see by experience yearely these beare abundance of fruits unto perfection And whosoever will plant Vines in England I think he cannot meet with better kinds than these both for bearing and goodness The Frantiniack Grape is of great Account with many and is a special fruit where it comes to perfect ripeness which it hardly does except the Vine be set upon the South-wall where it may have much sun The Red and white Muskcadine Grape are special fruits and bear very well and come to perfect ripeness if the Vines grow upon the South-wall or upon the East-wall which is best next There is the Curran Grape Cluster Grape and many other kinds of good Grapes and the fruits are better or worse according to the place they grow in If they have much sunne and be well ordered the fruit will be better and sooner ripe Vines are increased by laying down branches into the earth in the winter or spring letting them grow still upon the Tree until removing time the year after and then they may be cut off and the Roots taken up and planted elsewhere Also the Cuttings will grown laid in the ground in the winter or spring though they grow but weakly slowly for a year or two We have in these parts the English and the Portugal Quinces the Portugal I esteem as the better both for bearing and use These are increased by suckers from the Roots of the trees and the boughes also cut off and cut in pieces a yard long or more or less and layd in the ground will grow as Vines and Mulberry cuttings and bear the same fruits These kind of trees are commonly long ere they bear fruits It is observed that Qince-trees bear much better in fat moist ground● than in dryer grounds as is seen upon som Ditch sides and ranck soyles about London There are two

moist Aire towards Winter comes on they will begin to mould and ●ot I have kept some in Glass as close stopt with cork and wax as I could supposing the exclusion of Air had been best but though they were good certain week yet afterwards they began to perish I account it better to hang the bunches in a Kitchin or some warm Room where fire is much kept that so some of their superfluous moisture may be a little dried up I have kept them thus many weeks For though the Aire be much shut out from them in any Vessel yet that Aire that is shut in with them and their own natural moisture will cause putrefaction therefore there is need of some degree of warmth with dryness Cut off some of the wood with the bunches and cover them with paper from dust and hang them up in the Kitchin or where fire is kept Also a Vine branch full of ripe Grapes may be drawn in at a window and nailed up upon the wall or seeling letting the branch grow still to the Vine thus they will keep long The juices of Fruits are either watry or oylie I reckon amongst the watry all the fruits out of which drink is expressed as the Grape the Apple the Pear the Cherry the Pomegranate c. And there are some others which though they be not in use for drink yet they appear to be of the same nature as Plums Mulberries Services Rasps c. And for those juices that are so fleshie as they cannot make drink by expression yet perhaps they may make drink by mixture of water And some of the watry juices after they have gathered spirit will burn and inflame as Wine Concerning the juices of Apples Pears and Cherries these are well known and much in use and esteem the two former with us in England and all of them in other parts And we might have Wine of Cherries as plentifully in England as it is beyond Sea if men would but plant store of Cherry-trees of the best kinds such as are fittest for this purpose as the Morello Cherry the Charoon the Black hart and other kinds which have a pleasant taste the juice of which is of a deep red colour These would make a delicate Wine especially for Sommer time and which will last also all the year as I have heard it credibly spoken by a worthy Gentleman who drank good Cherry Wine of a Twelve month old As for Cider and Perry these Liquors especially Cider begin to be better known to us in some parts where they have scarce been heretofore And doubtless when men are better acquainted with them and know their good properties and virtues in reference to health and long-life they will be more diligent in planting Fruit-trees such as are best and fittest for this purpose as the Pearmain Pippin Gennet-moyle Redstreak and such like which make Cider better then French-wine Concerning the manner of making Cider and Perry with the keeping and ordering of it I have spoken at large in my Treatise of Fruit-trees See the use of Fruits pag. 144 145 c. As for Plums it is affirmed that there may be made an excellent Wine out of them and also Aquavitae of those that are sweet fat Plums as Musle-plums Damsons c. And though the juice be too thick of it self for that purpose yet Water Cider or some other liquor may be mixed therewith which being put up into the Vessel some Hony Yest or the like must be mixed to cause it to work It hath been noted that most Trees and specially those that bear Mast are fruitful but once in two years The cause no doubt is the expence of sap for many Orchard Trees well cultured will bear divers years together Some Fruit-trees bear store of fruits but once in two years and I conceive it to be as natural for some kinds so to do as to bear such or such a kind of fruit And others are observed to bear store of Fruits every year constantly unless perhaps in some extream blasting spring which spoils in a manner all But for many years together every year some are known to bear Fruits exceeding full in the same ground and with the same culture as those that bear but each other year so that we see the expence of sap in the bearing year is not the only cause that Trees bear not the next year after for some that expend as much sap do yet bear the next year after as full as before So then let care be taken to chuse grafts from those Trees that we see by Experience are the best and most constant bearers and best fruits The greater part of Tre●s bear most and best on the lower boughs but some bear best on the top boughs Those that bear best below are such as shade doth more good to then hurt for generally all fruits bear best lowest because the sap tireth not having but a short way and therefore in fruits spread upon walls the lowest are the greatest To my observation Apple-trees Pear-trees Cherry-trees c. that are good bearers they bear all over alike And gene●ally all Fruit-trees in these parts have need enough of the Sun and bear better in the Sun then in the shade but indeed as to Wall trees most commonly we see most fruit upon the lower boughs and side branches and the Reason I apprehend to be this Not the ●iring of the sap in its going to the top branches for the sap is too vigorous and too plentiful in the top boughs and thence it is we always see the fairest and greatest shoots towards the top of all Wall-trees and commonly of all other Trees But the cause why the lower boughs and side branches have usually more fruit then the top branches I conceive to be for that the sap naturally presseth upwards in greatest plenty and runeth forth into shoots and branches Now nature being so intent and vigorously active in one work viz. the increase of the Tree in those branches it doth not put forth it self at the same time in that other effect of bearing fruit upon the same branches But now as to the lower boughs and side branches there nature is at work but in a remiss and weaker degree as to the increase of the branches such grow but little because the sap is somewhat obstructed and curbed by bowing the branches downwards and so does attend to the other work also viz. the bearing of Fruits And the truth of this is made more evident if we consider the same thing in all young Trees We know young Apple-trees Pear-trees and the like when and while they grow and increase exceedingly in all the parts shooting forth great large strong shoots and branches they bear but little fruit or none at all But after certain years when they grow not so much when they shoot less then they fall to bearing fruits more abundantly There be Trees that bear best when they begin