Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	wind_n	world_n	year_n	38	3	4.7286	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A29001	New experiments and observations touching cold, or, An experimental history of cold begun to which are added an examen of antiperistasis and an examen of Mr. Hobs's doctrine about cold / by the Honorable Robert Boyle ... ; whereunto is annexed An account of freezing, brought in to the Royal Society by the learned Dr. C. Merret ...	Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691.; Merret, Christopher, 1614-1695. Account of freezing.	1665 (1665)	Wing B3996; ESTC R16750	359,023	1,010

to treat in this place of Winds in general and much more to examine the several causes of winds that are assign'd by several Authors and therefore when I have once given this intimation that divers of these opinions may be more easily reconcil'd then the maintainers of them seem to have thought to the Truth if not to one another The causes that may produce wind being so various that many of those propos'd may each of them in some cases be true though none of them in all cases be sufficient having hinted this I say it may suffice on this occasion to subjoyn three or four observations to prove and illustrate the matter of fact delivered in the Proposition And first 't is a known Observation in these parts of the world that Northerly and Northeasterly winds do at all times of the year bring cold along with them and commonly if it be Winter Frost And here in England I have sometimes wondred at the power of the winds to bring not only sudden Frosts but sudden Thaws when the frost was expected to be setled and durable which yet seems to hold commonly but not without exception For during one of the considerablest Fits of Frost and Snow that I have taken notice of in England I remember that I observed not without some wonder that the Wind was many days Southerly unless it may be said That this Southerly Wind was but the Return of a stream of Northerly Wind which had blown for many days before and might by some obstacles and agents not here to be inquir'd after be made to wheel about or recoyl hither before it had lost the greatest portion of the refrigerating Corpuscles it consisted of before The formerly mention'd Prosper Alpinus attributes strange things to the Northerly wind that blows in Aegypt as to the cooling and refreshing the Air in spight of the violent 〈◊〉 that would otherwise be 〈◊〉 And many in Egypt ascribe to the Aetesian Winds that almost miraculous ceasing of the Plague at Grand Cairo of which we elsewhere speak Dominatur autem aer says he summè calidus ipsius caeli ut dictum est ratione quod haec civitas 〈◊〉 Tropico Cancri tantum 6. gradibus distet Quâ brevi inter-capedine dum sol ad illum accedit Tropicum illorum Zenith fit propinquior aer ille valdè incalescit nisi Aetesiae venti tunc à septentrione spirarent vehementissimus qui vix à nostris perferri possit caloris aestus sentiretur Advenae nostri iis provenientibus ad subterranea loca confugiunt in quibus morantur quousque ille ventorum ardor residerit atque cessaverit Conjunxit haec incommoda Deus Optimus cum aliis quibusdam bonis nam ubi calidissimi illi venti conticuere statim à Septentrione flare alii incipiunt qui subitaneum inflammatis atque laxatis corporibus solatium praestant Si enim illi diu perseveraverint nemo in eâ regione vivere possit Whence winds should have this power to change the Constitution of the Air and especially to bring cold along with them is not so easie to be determin'd Indeed the other Qualities and even the heat that is observable in winds may for the most part be probably enough deriv'd from the Qualities of the places by which they pass Of this we have already given an example or two in the passages lately mention'd And it may be further confirm'd by what Acosta says that he himself saw in some parts of the Indies namely That the Iron Grates were so rusted and consumed by a peculiar wind that pressing the mettal between your fingers it would be dissolv'd and crumbled as if it had been Hay or 〈◊〉 Straw And this Learned Traveller who seems to have taken peculiar notice of the winds affords us in divers places of his Book several Examples to confirm what we were saying though he take not the nature of the regions along which the wind blows to be alone in all cases a sufficient Cause of their Qualities of which yet we shall now mention but these two memorable passages In a small distance says he you shall see in one wind many diversities For example the Solanus or Eastern wind is commonly hot and troublesome in Spain and in Murria it is the coldest and healthfullest that is for that it passeth by the Orchards and that large Champiane which we see very fresh In Carthagene which is not far from thence the same wind is troublesome and unwholsome The Meridi●nal which they of the Ocean call South and those of the Mediterranean Sea Mezo Giorno commonly is rainy and boisterous and in the same City whereof I speak it is wholsome and pleasant And in his Description of Peru speaking of the South and South-west he affirms that this wind yet in this region is marvellous pleasing But though as we were saying many other Qualities of winds may be deduc'd from the Nature and Condition of the places by which they pass And though the heat also which Prosper Alpinus as we lately took notice attributes to the Southerly winds that blow in Egypt may be probably ascrib'd to the heated Exhalations and vapours they bring from the Southern and parched Regions they blow over yet whence the great coldness of Northern and Easterly winds should come may be scrupled at by many of the modern Philosophers who with divers Cartesians will not admit that there are any Corpuscles of Cold. And possibly I could about these matters propose some other difficulties not so easie to be resolved But not being now to discuss the Hypothesis about Cold I think it will be more proper in this place instead of entring upon disputes and Speculations to subjoyn an Experiment that I made to give some light about this matter Considering then that I had not met with any Trial of the Nature of that I am about to mention and that such a Trial might possibly prove Luciferous I caused a pretty large pair of ordinary Bellows to be kept a good while in the Room where the Experiment was to be made that it might receive the Temperature of the Air in that Chamber then placing upon a board one of those flat Bottom'd Weather-glasses that I elsewhere describe to contain a movable drop of pendulous water by blowing at several times with intermissions upon the bubble or lower end of the Weather-glass though the wind blown against my hand were as to sense very manifestly cold yet it did not cool the air included in the Bubble but rather a little warm'd it as appear'd by a small but sensible ascension of the pendulous drop each time that after some interpos'd rest the lower part of the glass was blown upon which seem'd to proceed from some small alteration towards warmth that the air received by its stay though short in the Bellows as seem'd deducible from hence that if by closely covering the Clack the matter were so ordered

that the Air that should come into the Bellows must come in all at the nose if this nose being held very near the bubble of the Weather-glass the Air were by opening the Bellows suddenly drawn in that stream of air or wind coming from a part of the window where the air was a little cooler then that which was wont to come out of the Bellows would not as the other make the pendulous drop rise but rather the contrary This done we proceeded to shew by Experiment That though a wind were nothing but a stream of Air yet in its passage it might acquire a considerable coldness distinct from that which it has by vertue of its motion though upon the score of that we see that air mov'd by a fan or as in our newly mentioned Trial by a pair of Bellows might to our touch feel Cold nor did we forbear to expect a good event of our Trial upon the doubt that may be rais'd whether there be frigorifick Corpuscles or no For whatever become of that question I thought I might expect that whether or no Ice emit Corpuscles that are universally frigorifick yet the air being either by them or upon what account soever highly refrigerated the Corpuscles that compose this cold Air being most of them driven on before it by the wind that meets them in its way will in a sense prove frigorifick in regard of a less cold body which they shall happen to be blown upon and accordingly having provided a ridge Tyle inverted and half fill'd the Cavity which look'd upwards with a mixture of ice and salt and having likewise put the Iron pipe of the Bellows upon that mixture and then covered it with more of the same that so the Pipe being surrounded as far as conveniently it could be with ice and salt the air contain'd in it might thereby be highly refrigerated I found that blowing wind out of the Bellows upon my hand that wind felt much more cold then that which had been before blown upon myhand out of the same Bellows before the frigefactive mixture was appli'd to it But for fear my sense of feeling should deceive me I caus'd a Weather-glass made after the common manner but with a more slender pipe to be so plac'd that the nose of the Bellows which together with the Tyle and Ice was upheld with a frame lay in a level with the bubble of the Thermometer and then blowing the refrigerated air of the Bellows npon the globular part of the glass I saw the water in the Cylindrical part and shank manifestly ascend as it was wont to do upon the refrigeration of the included air And as this Ascension of the liquor continued during three or four blasts of the Bellows so upon the cessation of the artificial wind the water subsided by degrees again till by fresh blasts it was made to ascend Lastly having repeated this Experiment we thought fit to trye how much the air refrigerated immediately by the frigorisick mixture would produce a colder wind then the former and accordingly drawing back the nose of the Bellows that the air that should be blown out might pass along the Cavity left in the frigorisick mixture by the Iron pipe of the Bellows which we had withdrawn the wind was manifestly more cold then before and had a greater operation on the Weather-glass it was blown upon This Experiment if carried on and prosecuted may possibly prove more Luciferous but I will not take upon me here to determine whether all cold winds must be necessarily made so by frigorifick Corpuscles properly so call'd since I have sometimes suspected that some winds may be cold only by consisting of or driving before them those higher parts of the Air that by reason of the languid Reflection of the Sun beams in that upper or perhaps Arctick region of the Air are for the most part very cold For it may be observ'd that Rains oftentimes very much and suddenly refrigerate the lower Air when no wind but what the clouds and rain make accompanies them as if they brought down store of cold air with them from that uper Region which Acosta and one I conversed with that visited far higher mountains then the Alps affirm to be in some places for I am not satisfi'd that 't is so every where exceedingly cold both in hot Climates and in hot seasons of the year And I observe that the Hollanders do in more places then one or two mention the Northerly and North-easterly winds to be those that brought them the prodigious colds they met with though Nova Zembla where they were expos'd to them be so Northwards that it lies within 16. or 17. degrees of the Pole it self This being a bare suspition it may suffice to have touch'd it But I shall subjoyn two or three instances on the occasion of our proposition concerning the influence of the winds upon the air and to show more particularly That even cold winds receive not always their Qualities so much from the Quarter whence they blow as from the Regions over which they blow I shall therefore begin with what is delivered by Mr. Wood in his New Englands prospect Whereas in England says he most of the cold winds and weathers come from the Sea and those situations are counted most unwholsome that are near the Sea-coast in that Countrey it is not so but otherwise And having added as his reason that the North-east wind coming from the Sea produces warm weather melting the snow and thawing the ground he subjoyns only the North-west wind coming over the Land is the cause of extreme cold weather being always accompanied with deep snows and bitter frosts c. To which passages we shall add only one out of Captain James as being considerable to our present purpose The winds says he since we came hither have been very variable and unconstant and till within this fortnight the Southerly wind was coldest The reason I conceive to be for that it did blow from the main Land which was all covered with snow and for that the North winds came out of the great Bay which hitherto was open Title XIX Of the strange Effects of Cold. 1. TO enumerate and prosecute all the several Effects of Cold being the chief work of the whole Book it is not to be expected that they should be particularly treated of in this one Section of it wherein I shall therefore confine my self to mention only those Effects of Cold that are not familiar but seem to have in them something of wonderful nor must I take notice of All them neither least I should be guilty of useless Repetitions but only of them which either are not at all or are but incidentally or transiently delivered in the foregoing Sections Nor is it to be expected that I should 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 credit for the truth of every 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Relations I am about to 〈◊〉 For if they had not something of extraordinary and consequently that may