their own Hands reading and prayer 7. He prohibits Incestuous Marriages with Nuns or near Relations 8. He recommends Peace and Union 9. He enjoyns the Observation of the Solemn Fasts of Lent of the Ember-Weeks of Wednesday and Friday and the Celebration of Divine Service on Sundays and Festivals Lastly He recommends the payment of Tythes There is also a Pastoral Letter written by this Archbishop and directed to his Suffragans which is related by William of Malmsbury Edmund being kill'd in the year 946. his Brother Elred took possession of the Throne We have An Assembly of Bishops at London A. C. 948. no Laws enacted by this Prince only the Charter of a considerable Donation made by him to the Monastery of Crowland in favour of Turketulus who had been formerly Chancellor of the Kingdom and to whom he gave that Abbey This was done in an Assembly of Bishops and Lords held at London in the year 948. After the death of Elred which happen'd in 955 Edwin the Son of Edmund was proclaim'd King but sometime after part of England Revolting Edgar the Brother of Edwin got a share of his Dominions and upon his Brother's Death obtain'd the sole Possession of the whole Kingdom This Prince being more Religious than his Predecessors entirely re-establish'd the Purity of Discipline in the Church of England and brought the Monastical Course of Life into Repute by the Advice of S. Dunstan who may be call'd the Restorer of thâ— Ecclesiastical Discipline in England This Saint was born in the Country of the West-Saxons in the first year of King Ethelstan's Reign A. C. 923. He enter'd into Holy Orders very young and after having compleated his Studies S. Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury made application to Athelm Archbishop of Canterbury who introduc'd him into the Presence of King Ethelstan Afterward having fall'n into some disgrace at Court he retir'd to Elfeg Bishop of Winchester who advis'd him to embrace the Monastical Life which he accordingly did and continued in his Retirement till the Reign of King Edmund when he was invited to Court by that Prince He did not remain long there without being obnoxious to the Envy and Hatred of several Persons who misrepresented him to the King insomuch that he was oblig'd to retire to his Solitude of Glassenbury where he took up his Abode altho' he was restor'd to the Favour of King Edmund who had always a great respect for him granted considerable Revenues to his Monastery and continu'd to follow his Counsels not only in the management of Civil Affairs but also of Ecclesiastical He was no less esteem'd by King Elred who determin'd to nominate him to the Bishoprick of Winchester but Edwin having receiv'd a severe Reprimand for his Irregularities from this Abbot banish'd him and pillaged his Monastery However King Edgar recall'd him immediately after his Accession to the Crown and made him not only Bishop of Winchester but also conferr'd on him the Government of the Church of London At last the Archbishoprick of Canterbury being vacant in the year 961. by the death of Odo Elfsin Bishop of Winchester who was appointed to supply his place dying in a Journey he made over the Alps to Rome to fetch the Pall and Berthelim who was substituted in his room having refus'd to accept that Dignity Dunstan was Invested with it a few days after and went to Rome to receive the Pall. At his return he apply'd himself altogether to the Reformation of the Clergy of England and took upon him to Expel all those who refus'd to lead a Regular Course of Life and to Restore the Monks to their former Station This Saint had for his Fellow Labourers and Imitators of his Zeal Ethelwold Bishop of Winchester and Oswald Bishop of Worcester who founded a great number of Monasteries and took much pains in Reforming the Clergy and Extirpating the Vices that were predominant in England The former dyed in the year 984. before S. Dunstan who foretold his approaching Death as well as that of the Bishop of Rochester in a Visit which those two Prelates made him but the latter did not dye till after this Archbishop viz. in the year 992. As for S. Dunstan he surviv'd King Edgar who dy'd in 975 and maintain'd the Right of the young Prince Edward against the Pretensions of Alfride who endeavour'd to transfer the Crown to her Son Ethelfred but Edward being Assassinated Three years after by the Treachery of that Queen Dunstan was constrained to Crown Ethelfred and foretold the Calamities that should befall England and the Family of this young Prince as a Punishment for his Crime and that of his Mother At last S. Dunstan dy'd laden with years and honour A. C. 988. In his time and apparently by his Direction King Edgar in 967. not only publish'd Laws like to those of his Predecessors for the preservation of the Revenues of the Church for the Payment of Tythes and S. Peter's Pence and for the Solemn Observations of Sundays and Festivals but also divers Ecclesiastical Constitutions relating to the Manners and Functions of Clergy-men to the Celebration of the Mass to the Confession and Pennances that ought to be impos'd on those who commit Sin c. Indeed these Canons may serve as a kind of Ritual for the Use of Curates It is affirm'd that they were made in the year 967. by King Edgar but this does not appear to be altogether certain and perhaps they are of a later date The Discourse which this King made to Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury and to Oswald and Ethelwold Bishops of Worcester and Winchester is much more certain He there inveighs against the Irregularities and Disorders of the Clergy and pathetically Exhorts those Bishops to joyn their Authority with His to repress their Insolence and to oblige them to apply the Ecclesiastical Revenues to the Relief of the Poor for which Use they were design'd To the end that this Order might be put in Execution he granted a Commission to those three Prelates to take the Matter in hand and gave them power to turn out of the Churches such Clergy-men as liv'd dissolutely and to Substitute others in their room By virtue of this Injunction S. Dunstan held a General Council A. C. 973. in which he ordain'd A general Council of England in the year 973. that all the Priests Deacons and Subdeacons who would not lead a sober Life should be Expell'd their Churches and caus'd a Decree to be made to oblige them to Embrace a Regular and Monastick Course of Life or to Retire And accordingly these three Bishops turn'd the old Clergy-men out of most part of the Churches and put Monks in their place or else forc'd them to assume the Monastical Habit. S. Dunstan did not only shew his Constancy and Zeal with respect to the Clergy but was also as zealous in treating Kings and Princes For he sharply reprov'd King Edgar for abusing a young Maid whom he had sent for out of
same Punishment shall be inflicted on their Adherents The Fourth forbids Princes and Lay-men to possess Tithes Oblations Monasteries or other Revenues belonging to the Churches The Fifth prohibits to make Slaves of Free-men The Sixth ordains That Clergy-men shall not be oblig'd to perform any manner of Service to Laicks for Church-Revenues The Seventh That none shall seize on the Fourth Part of the Offerings which belong to the Bishop The Eighth That neither Bishops nor Priests nor any other Ecclesiastical Persons shall be permitted to leave their Benefices to their Heirs as an Inheritance by Right of Succession The Ninth That nothing shall be exacted for the consecrated Oyls Holy Chrism or the Burial of the Dead The Tenth That the Monks Canons or Clerks who quit their Profession shall be Excommunicated The Council of London held in the Year 1125. IN the Year of our Lord 1125. John de Crema Legate of the See of Rome William Archbishop The Council of London in 1125. of Canterbury Turstin Archbishop of York Twenty Bishops and about Forty Abbots assembled at London made Seventeen Decrees in which they prohibit Simony to give or to receive any Thing for Ordinations to receive a Spiritual Living from the Hands of Laicks to chuse a Successor to such Livings to confer them on Persons who are not in Orders to deprive a Clergy-man of a Benefice without a Legal Sentence passed against him by his Bishop to ordain One who belongs to another's Diocess to entertain One who has been excommunicated by his Bishop Clerks are likewise forbidden to cohabit with strange Women and to follow Usury Witchcraft is condemned and Marriages are prohibited between Relations to the seventh Degree but it is declar'd that Husbands who endeavour to get their Wives divorced under pretence of Consanguinity are not allow'd to make proof of it by Witnesses The Council of London held in the Year 1127. WILLIAM Archbishop of Canterbury held another Council at London Two Years after the The Council of London in 1127. former in which he renew'd the most part of those Constitutions adding some others against the Plurality of Benefices also concerning the Restitution of Tithes and the Plainness that ought to be observ'd by the Abbesses in their Habits and Attire The Council of London held in the Year 1138. PArt of the same Constitutions were reviv'd in the Council held at London A. D. 1138. during The Council of London in 1138. the Vacancy of the See of Canterbury by Alberic Cardinal Bishop of Ostia the Pope's Legate in England This Council was compos'd of Eighteen Bishops and about Thirty Abbots and in it were published Seventeen Canons of which the following are not comprehended in the preceding Councils viz. The Second which forbids the keeping of the consecrated Elements in the Eucharist above Eight Days and ordains that they shall be reverently carry'd to the Sick by the Priests or Deacons and even by Lay-men in Case of Necessity The Fourth which prohibits a Bishop who is sent for by another Bishop to consecrate a Church to exact any Thing besides his Right of Procuration The Tenth in which is referr'd to the Pope the giving of Absolution to those who have misus'd Priests or Persons consecrated to God The Twelfth being a Prohibition to build a Chappel without a Licence from the Bishop The Thirteenth in which Church-men are forbidden to engage in Warlike Affairs and to bear Arms The Fourteenth prohibiting Monks to quit their Profession The Fifteenth which forbids Abbesses to be attir'd and to have their Heads dressed after the manner of Secular Women And the Seventeenth which imports That School-masters shall not be permitted to let out their Schools to others for Money Lastly Theobald Abbot of Bec was chosen Archbishop of Canterbury in this Council and divers means were treated of for the making Peace between the Kings of England and France The Council of Rheims held in the Year 1131. POpe Innocent II. as it has already been declar'd held a Council at Rheims A. D. 1131. in The Council of Rheims in 1131. which he Crown'd Lewes Sirnam'd the Young King of France and published Seventeen Canons very advantageous to the Church but since they are recited in the Second General Council of Lateran it were needless to produce an Extract of them in this Place The Council of Rheims held in the Year 1148. THis Council conven'd by Pope Eugenius III. March 22. A. D. 1148. published Eighteen Canons The Council of Rheims in 1148. which are all among those of the Second General Council of Lateran We have already given an Account of the Transactions therein relating to the Condemnation of Gillebert de la Porré◠The Council of Tours held in the Year 1163. THis Council held at Tours by Pope Alexandâ—r III. on the 28. Day of April was compos'd of The Council of Tours in 1163. Seventeen Cardinals 127 Bishops and of a very great Number of Abbots and other Ecclesiastical Persons Arnulphus Bishop of Lifieux made an excellent Discourse before mention'd Alexander renew'd his Bulls of Excommunication against Octavian and the Ten following Canons were publickly set forth The First forbids the dividing of Prebends and the changing of Dignities The Second condemns Usury more especially that by virtue of which the Interest of Things left in pawn by poor People amounts to a greater Sum than the Principal In the Third Clergy-men are forbidden to bestow Churches Tithes or Offerings on Laicks The Fourth is against the Albigeois which we have already recited in discoursing of those People The Fifth prohibits the letting out of Churches to Priests for an Annuity or yearly Rent The Sixth forbids the exacting of any Thing for admission into Orders for Nominations to Benefices for the Burial of the Dead for the Holy Chrism and for the consecrated Oils The Seventh is a Prohibition to Bishops to grant Commissions to Deans or to Arch-Priests for the carrying on of Judiciary Proceedings in their room or instead of Arch-deacons By the Eighth Monks are forbidden to go out of their Cloisters in order to study or to become Professors of the Civil Law or to practise Physick The Nâ—nth declares the Ordinations made by Octavian and by the other Schismaticks or Hereticks to be void and of none Effect The Tenth proposes new Methods for maintaining the Revenues and Liberty of the Churches and ordains That whenever the Chaplains who reside in the Castles perceive any Injury to be done the Church they shall make an Address to the Lord of the Castle to demand Restitution and if he neglect to do it within the space of Eight Days the Celebration of the Divine Offices shall be suspended in the Castle except that of Baptism Confession and the Communion in case of Danger of Death Only it is permitted to say Mass privately once a Week in a neighbouring Village to consecrate the Host It is added That if the Inhabitants of the Castles continue in their obstinacy Forty
Adam Goddam flourished in England from 1330. and died 1358. He Composed a Commentary upon the Books of the Sentences printed at Paris in 1512. RADULPHUS or RALPH HIGDEN or HIKEDEN a Benedictine Monk of Chester is the Author Ralph Higden of a large Historical Work Intituled Polycronicon from the Creation of the World to the Year 1357. which was translated into English in 1397. by John de Trivisi and continued in Latin by John Malvarne a Monk of Winchester who also Composed a Treatise of Visions about the Year 1342. There are abundance of MSS. of the Original of this Polychronicon in the Libraries of England and a Version printed in 1482. by William Caxten the first Printer in England with a Continuation to 1460. Higden also Composed some Theological Distinctions The Mirrour of Curates a Commentary upon Job and the Canticles and some Sermons He died in 1363. having lived a Monastick life 64 Years JOANNES THAULERUS a German a Dominican of Cologne was one of the famousest Preachers Joannes Thaulerus of his time Surius has translated his Sermons into Latin and caused them to be printed at Cologne in 1548. with some other Small Treatises of Piety gathered from the Writings of Thauler and some others They have been also printed in the same City in 1572. and 1603. This Author died in 1361. May 17. There is a great deal of Piety in his Works PETRUS BERCHERIUS a Native of Poictiers a Benedictine Monk and Prior of S. Eligius at Petrus Bercherius Paris died there in 1362. He Composed a Moral Dictionary of all the Bible which contains the principal Words of the Bible with Moral Reflections on them His Moral Reductory of the Bible in which he rehearses all the Histories in a Moral Sense and his Moral Inductory divided into Three Parts have been printed at Paris in 1521. in Four Volumes which is the best Edition at Basil the same Year at Venice in 1583. and 1589. in Three Volumes and at Cologn in 1620. also in Three Volumes BERNARDUS DAPIFER a Monk of Melch in Austria wrote about 1360. the History of S. Gotholinus Bernard Dapifer published by Lambecius in Tome II. of his Biblioth Vindob p. 618. JOANNES CALDERINUS a Lawyer of Bononia the Scholar and Adopted Son of Joannes Andreae Joannes Calderinus flourished about 1360. and has left us divers Works of Civil and Canon Law and among others his Commentaries upon the Decretals which were never printed A Treatise of Ecclesiastical Interdicts printed at Venice in 1584. A Table of all the Passages of Scripture cited in the Decretals printed in 1481. at Spires His Councils printed at Lyons in 1536. and at Venice in 1582. and his Repetitions of Civil Law printed at Lyons in 1587. BARTHOLOMEW de GLANVIL an Englishman of the Family of the Earls of Suffolk a Grey-Friar Bartholomew de Glanvil applied himself to search after and discover the Morals hidden under the outward Appearance of Natural Things of which he Composed a large Work divided into Nineteen Books The First is Of God The Second Of Angels and Devils The Third Of the Soul The Fourth Of the Body and the Rest of the other Creatures and some Person hath added a Twentieth Of Accidents as Numbers Measures Weights Sounds c. A Treatise of the Properties of Bees This Work hath been printed at Nuremberg in 1492. at Strasburg in 1505. and at Paris in 1574. under the Title of Allegories and Tropes upon the Old and New Testament We have some Sermons printed under the Name of this Author at Strasburg in 1495. He flourished about the Year 1360. ALPHONSUS VARGAS a Native of Toledo an Hermit of the Order of S. Austin after he had Alphonsus Vargas professed Philosophy and Divinity in the University of Paris Ten Years was made Bishop of Badajos and then of Osma and lastly Archbishop of Seville where he died Decemb. 26. 1366. as some relate but Octob. 13. 1359. as others He Composed a Commentary upon the First Book of the Sentences printed at Venice in 1490. and some Questions upon the Three Books of Aristotle De Animi i. e. Of the Soul printed at Venice in 1566. and at Vincentia in 1608. MATTHEW or MATTHIAS de CRACOVIA a Pole Professor of Divinity at Prague and a Friend Matthew de Cracovia of S. Bridget's flourished about 1370. Trithemius attributes these following Works to him A Treatise of Predestination by way of Dialogue between Father and Son which he Intitles A Rationale of the Divine Works A Treatise of Contracts a Work about the Celebration of the Mass and some Letters There is in a College-Library at Cambridge in England a Treatise of this Authors Intituled The Conflict between Reason and Conscience about Receiving the Body of Jesus Christ or Abstaining from it GALLUS a German a Cistertian Monk and Abbot of the Monastery of Konigsaal near Prague Gallus Composed a Book which he calls Pomegranade in the form of a Dialogue between Father and Son for the Instruction of his Monks It is divided into Three Books In the First of which he treats of the State of Beginners In the Second of the Estate of Improvers And in the Third of the Estate of the Perfect A Work full of Ingenuity and of great use for Monks as Trithemius hath observed It was printed in Germany in 1481. Trithemius says he Composed some Sermons for the Use of his Monks He flourished about the Year 1370. HENRY or HAINRICUS a German Monk of Rebdorfe hath Composed certain Annals which Henry contain the History of the Emperors Adolphus Albert I. Frederick III. Lewis of Bavaria and Charles IV. from the Year 1295. to the Year 1372. they are published by Marquardus Freherus in his Collection of German Historians printed at Francfort in 1600. Tom. 1. p. 411. HUGOLINUS MALEBRANCHIUS an Hermit of S. Augustin a Doctor of Paris and the Successor Hugolinus Malebranchius of Gregorius Ariminensis in his Divinity Chair was chosen General of his Order in 1368. made Bishop of Ariminum by Urban V. in 1370. and last of all dignified with the Title of Patriarch of Constantinople has Composed Commentaries upon the Books of the Sentences a Treatise of the Trinity and another of the Communication of Idioms which are yet in MS. in the Libraries of the Augustin-Friars at Bononia and Cremona He was alive in the Year 1372. THOMAS STOBAEUS or STUBBS an Englishman of Yorkshire a Preaching-Friar wrote the Thomas Stubbs Lives or a Chronicle of the Archbishops of York from the Foundation of that See to the Year 1373. This Chronicle was printed at London in 1652. with other English Historians The Authors that speak of him attribute to him several Books of Divinity which have never yet been published S. BRIDGET a Princess of the Family of the Kings of Sweden the Wife of Wulfo Prince of S. Bridget Nericia after she had had Seven Children by her Husband engaged him to become a
the 〈◊〉 Chapters Six Books of 〈◊〉 's Ecclesiastical History Some Letters of St. Gregory and his 〈◊〉 Life of St. Marius compos'd by Dinamius Acts of the Councils of Rome held under Syâ—…chus Acts of the Council under Boniface Archb. of Carthage Acts of a Council of Rome under Boniface II. Acts of the Council of Constantinople under Mennas Acts of the fifth Council History of some other Councils Political Works Five Poems of Avitus upon the beginning of Genesis A Poem of Virginity An Admonition to the Faithful written by Orâ—…ius Nicetius's Treatise about Watching and Psalmody Hâ—â— two Letters History of the Acts in Verse by Arâ—tâ—â— His Letter to Count Parthenius A Description of the Temple of Sancta Sophia by Paulus Silentiarius The Life of St. Martin and other Works by Fortunatus The Life of St. Radegâ—â—da by Bandoniâ—ia Moral Pious and Spiritual Works Letters and Sermons by St. Fulgentius Collection of Passages out of St. Austin by Eugippius A Letter of Ferrandus to Reginus Sermons of Laurentius Sermons of Caesarius of Arles A Letter of St. Germanus to Queen 〈◊〉 A Treatise of the Cardinal Vertues by Martin of Braâ—… Lamentation of Gildas for the Miseries of England Homilies of Sedâ—… Chrysippus Homilies of Penance by John the younger Six Sermons of Anastasius Sinaita and particularly of Preparation for the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper Morals of St. Gregory upon Job Homilies by the same His Pastoral The Lives of Saints See Historical Works Works about a Monastick Life The Rule of St. Benedict The Rule of Caesarius for Nuns His two Letters The Rules of Aurelianus The Rule of Tetradius Sentences of some Greek Monks translated by Martin of 〈◊〉 and Paschasius the Deacon The Rule of Ferreolus A Scale of the Cloister by John Climacus His Letter to John Abbot of Raithu A Commentary of John of Raithu upon the Scale of the Cloister and a Letter to St. John Climacus The Dialogues of St. Gregory and many of his Letters The Letter of St. Leander to his sister Florentina A Letter of Eutropius about the Reformation of Monks AN Alphabetical INDEX OF THE Principal Matters contain'd in the Fifth Volume A ABbot Qualities of an Abbot 85 Acacius The Letter of Symmachus against Acacius 3 Acacius of Constantinople condemn'd by the Western Bishops 132 Adrian Author of an Introduction to Scripture 24 Adrian Bishop of Thebes His cause 77 Africa A Regulation of the Rank of the Provinces of Africa 119 120 Agapetus Bishop of Rome His Life and Letters 31 Came to Constantinople and Ordain'd Mennas 133 Agnellus What we know of this Author 59 Alms. Bishop's oblig'd to assist the Poor 144 Altars Altars of stone only to be consecrated 116. Consecration of Altars by the Unction of the Chrysm and by the Sacerdotal Benediction 111 Anastasius Sinaita Circumstances of his Life 67. Abridgment of his Extracts 67 68 Andrew Bishop of Fundi His Miracles 99 100 Andronicianus A Treatise against the Eunomians 106 Anonymous Author upon the Octateuch 35 Anthimus Agapetus would not suffer him to be Bishop of Constantinople 32. Condemn'd by Agapetus 133. In the Synod under Mennas his Process was made and he condemned ibid. Aprigius A Judgment upon the Work of that Author 51 Arator Judgment upon his Poems ibid. Arch-deacon His Dignity and Office 80 Aretas Author of a Commentary upon the Revelation 52 Arles Contest between the Bishops of Arles and Vienna concerning Ordinations 2. Regulated by Pope Symmachus ibid. Priviledges attributed to the Bishop of Arles by Symmachus 3. Pallium Vicariat granted to the Bishop of Arles by Vigilius 48 Asylum Right of Asylum granted to the Church confirmed with Restrictions 113. Restrictions upon the Law of Sanctuary 117 129 Augustine Monk History of his Mission into England 90 91 Avitus His Life 4. Writings 5. c. Aurelianus His Rules for Monks 50 Austerities Examples of surprising Austerities 10. c. B BAndoninia A Writing of this young Woman 62 Baptism That no Salvation can be attain'd without the Sacrament of Baptism except to those that shed their Blood for Jesus Christ 19. Baptism without Faith signifies nothing to the Adult 20. It is useless to baptize the Dead ibid. Faith without Baptism cannot save according to St. Fulgentius ibid. Baptism sufficeth without the Eucharist ibid. The Effect of Baptism 73. It is indifferent to use three Dippings or one ibid. It may be given extraordinarily to Jews ibid. No Person must be forced to receive it ibid. The Baptism of Hereticks valid if it be given in the name of the Trinity ibid. In an uncertainty whether one has been baptized or no he must be baptized ibid. When it is to be administred to the Adult and to Children 115. Children ought to be brought to the Church twenty days before Easter that they may be Exorcis'd 151. Baptism forbid to be administred but in Easter 115 152. Baptism forbid on Festivals 154. Baptism given by the Apostles in the Name of the Trinity 53. A Woman with Child may be baptized 93. Catechumens must not be prayed for that died without Baptism 148. Rebaptization forbid 118 Basil of Cilicia Judgment of Photius upon this Author 28 L. de Bassompiere Bishop of Santones Praise of that Bishop 102 Benefices Plurality of Benefices condemned 116 St. Benedict His Life and Miracles 45 99. Abridgment of his Rule 45 Bigamists Cannot be Ordain'd 75. Prohibitions to ordain them 110 116 119 Bishops The Obligations Bishops are under 83. Instructions concerning the Obligations of Bishops and Pastors drawn from the Pastoral of St. Gregory 97. It is forbidden to Bishops to undertake any thing in prejudice of their Brethren 118 119. Humility of Bishops 98. They ought to have a Clerk with them as witness of their actions 9. Translation of Bishops 87 Bishopricks Union of Bishopricks 86 Blessedness In what the Soveraign Happiness consists 26 Blood If Christians may eat the Blood of Beasts and when the Church ceased to forbid it 64 Boethius His Life 26. his Writings ibid. Boniface II. His Ordination 30. Letter that is falsly attributed to him ibid. Letter to Caesarius genuine ibid. Boniface Monk Multiplies Wine 99 C COuncil of Cnalcedon defended by Leontius 60 Cardinal What that Quality was in the time of St. Gregory 79 Carthage Primary and Jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Carthage over Africa 119 120. Preheminence of the Bishop of Carthage 33 Cassiodorus His Life and Writings 43 Celibacy St. Gregory Ordain'd that for the future the Sub-deacons shall be obliged to Cicily as elsewhere but he obliged not those that had been Ordained before that Law 81. The Punishment of the Bishops and Clerks that observe not Celibacy ibid. Those that are in Orders are obliged to it 92 Celibacy of the Clergy The Laws of Pope Innocent and Siricius confirmed 111. Clerks obliged to Celibacy are forbidden to cohabit with their Wives 115 Caesarius Bishop of Arles His Life and Writings 49 Chappels The Bishop ought to choose the Clerks that serve in them 129.
a Monastery and impos'd on him a Pennance of Seven years A certain very potent Earl having married one of his near Kinswomen he Excommunicated him and refus'd to take off the Excommunication altho' the King had commanded him and the Earl had obtain'd a Brief of the Pope for his Restoration S. Dunstan being inform'd of it reply'd That he was ready to obey the Pope's Commands provided the Person had really repented of his Offence but that he would not suffer him to persist in his Sin nor without submitting to the Discipline of the Church to insult over the Prelates and as it were to triumph in his Crime At last the Earl being mov'd with his Constancy and the fear of those Punishments which the Divine Vengeance usually inflicts upon Excommunicated Persons left his Kinswoman did Publick Penance and threw A Council under S. Dunstan and King Edgar himself down prostrate before S. Dunstan in a Council barefoot cloath'd with a Woollen Garment holding a Bundle of Rods in his Hand and lamenting his Sin from which S. Dunstan gave him Absolution at the request of the Bishops of the Council The Reformation of the Clergy cannot be carried on without great Opposition nor without creating many Male-contents insomuch that in King Edgar's Life time the Clergy-men depriv'd of their Benefices used their utmost Efforts to recover them and having made a Complaint in an A Council at Winchester A. C. 975. Assembly held at Winchester in the beginning of the year 975. they prevail'd upon the King by their Entreaties and the Promises they made to lead a more regular Course of Life for the future But as they were about making a Decree for their Restoration on Condition they should live more regularly a Voice was heard coming as it were from the Crucifix which pronounc'd these words It will turn to no account you have pass'd a just Sentence and you will do ill to alter your Decisions However after the death of King Edgar these Clergy men renewed their Instances and even offer'd force to drive the Monks not only from their Places but also out of the Monasteries which were lately founded But S. Dunstan always maintain'd his Reformation which prevail'd in the most part of the Churches and Monasteries of England under the Reigns of Edward and Ethelred S. Dunstan and S. Ethelwald did not only take pains to Reform the Ecclesiastical Discipline in England but also in reviving the Study of the Liberal Sciences and even they themselves compos'd some Works A modern English writer call'd Pits says that S. Dunstan compil'd certain Forms of Archiepiscopal Benedictions a small Tract on the Rule of S. Benedict a Book call'd Rules for the Monastical Life several Writings against Vicious Priests a Treatise of the Eucharist another of Tythes a Book of Occult Philosophy a Tract for the Instruction of the Clergy and some Letters And indeed we cannot be certainly assur'd upon the Credit of this Writer whether S. Dunstan were really the Author of these Works which are no longer extant but we find a Concordance or Rule for the Monastick Life and under the Name of Edgar set forth by Rainerus which is apparently a Piece of S. Dunstan as well as the other Constitutions of that Prince and there is extant a Letter written by him to Wulfin Bishop of Worcester which Father Mabillon publish'd from a Manuscript of Monsieur Faure Doctor of the Faculty of Paris The Life of S. Dunstan was written by Osborn Chaunter of the Cathedral Church of Canterbury who was Contemporary with this Saint and is found in the Fifth Benedictine Century of Father Mabillon If we may give farther Credit to Pits S. Ethelwald in like manner compos'd several Tracts S. Ethelwald Bishop of Winchester of which he gives us this following Catalogue A Book dedicated to Pope John XIV concerning the Authority of the Bishops over their Priests a Treatise against those Priests who commit Fornication and against their Concubines another of the Abbots of Lindisfarn another of the Kings Kingdoms and Bishopricks of England a History of the Kings of Great Britain a Narrative of his Visitations a Treatise of the Planets and Climates of the World the Treatise of the Abbots of Lindsfarn which this Author attributes to S. Ethelwald is apparently a piece compos'd in Verse by Ethelwulf a Monk of that Abbey The other Works are no longer Extant and perhaps never were but only in Pits's imagination The Writers of Ecclesiastical History are not agreed about the immediate Successor of S. Dunstan Alfric or Aelfric Archbishop of Canterbury in the Archbishoprick of Canterbury Some give him the Name of Siricius and others of Alfric or Aelfric however it is certain that the latter was Archbishop of Canterbury in the beginning of the following Century in regard that he sign'd in that Quality a Priviledge granted by King Ethelred He was a Pupil of S. Ethelwald succeeded him in the Monastery of Abington was afterward made Abbot of Malmsbury by King Edgar then Bishop of some Church in England about which Authors are not agreed and at last being advanc'd to the Metropolitan See of Canterbury he govern'd that Church till about the year 1006. This Archbishop in his time was in great reputation for his profound Skill in the Sciences of Grammar and Divinity insomuch that he was Surnam'd The Grammarian His Sermons were translated into the Saxon Tongue in order to be read publickly in the Churches and his Letters were inserted in the Synodical Books of the Church of England The English Writers assure us that their Libraries were full of a great number of Works of this Archbishop written in the Saxon Tongue and they have lately publish'd some of them translated into Latin viz. A Paschal Homily of the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ in which he discourses much after the same manner as Ratramnus or Bertram and two Letters one to Wulfin Bishop of Salisbury and the other to Wulstan Archbishop of York on the same Subject which were printed at London in 1566 1623 and 1638. In the Body of the Councils is contain'd a Canonical Letter of Alfric directed to Wulfin which is a kind of Ritual for the use of the Priests The principal Manuscript Treatises of this Author compos'd in the Saxon Tongue are an History of the Old and New Testament till the Taking of Jerusalem a Penitential Eighty Sermons a Letter concerning the Monastical Life another against the Marriage of Clergy-men a Saxon Chronicle of the Church of Canterbury certain Lives of the Saints and Versions of some Latin Works among others the Dialogue of S. Gregory Sometime before Fridegod a Monk of S. Saviour at Canterbury wrote in Verse at the request Fridegod Monk of S. Saviour at Canterbury of Odo the Lives of S. Wilfrid and of S. Owen Archbishop of York the former was publish'd by Father Mabillon in the first part of the Third and Fourth Benedictine Centuries William of Malmesbury observes that these
on a certain Quality A Tract about the Context between Ratherius and the Clergy of Verona An Apologetical Treatise A Discourse to the Clergy of Verona A Charter for the Institution of Canons instead of Monks An Ordinance prohibiting to solemnize Marriages on Sundays Five Letters A Synodical Letter Ratherius's Itinerary to Rome Six Sermons A Letter on the Eucharist Works lost The Combat or Meditations of the Heart A Book call'd Phrenesis Divers Sermons The Life of S. Ursmar A Grammar which bears the Title of Spera dorsum FLODOARD Canon of Rheims Genuine Works still extant An History of the Church of Rheims A Chronicle LUITPRANDUS or LIUTPRANDUS Bishop of Cremona Genuine Works which we have A History beginning at the Reign of the Emperors Leo and Arnulphus and ending at that of Constantinus Porphyrogenneta A Relation of his Embassy to the Emperor Phocas An History of the Expulsion of Bâ—renger Spurious Works The Lives of the Popes A Chronicle HULDEBERT Archbishop of Mentz Genuine Works Certain Lives of the Saints DURANDUS Abbot of Castres A Work lost A Tract against those Persons who avouch the Soul to be Mortal JOHN Monk of Cluny A Genuine Work The Life of S. Odo Abbot of Cluny ODO Archbishop of Canterbury His Genuine Works Ecclesiastical Constitutions A Pastoral Letter BERNERUS Monk of S. Remy at Rheims Genuine Works The Life of S. Hunegonda The History of the Translation of the Body of that Saint ATTO Bishop of Vercelli His Genuine Works still extant A Capitulary for the Clergy of his Diocess A Treatise of the Persecutions rais'd against Clergy-men Eleven Letters Works lost Politica or the Perpendicular Seventeen Sermons BRUNO Archbishop of Cologn Works lost or forg'd A Commentary on the Pentaâ—â—uch The Lives of certain Saints WILLIAM Archbishop of Mentz A Genuine Work A Chronicle of the Archbishops of Mentz JOHN XII Pope Genuine Works Two Letters S. ULRIC Bishop of Augsburg Genuine Works Several Sermons referr'd to by the Author of his Life A Spurious Work A Letter about the Celebacy of Priests EDGAR King of England Genuine Works still extant His Laws His Discourse to S. Dunstan A Work forged Certain Ecclesiastical Constitutions UTHO Bishop of Strasburg Genuine Works The Lives of S. Arbogastus and S. Amand. GERARD Dean of S. Medard at Soissons A Genuine Work The Life of S. Romanus in Prose A Work lost The Life of S. Romanus in Verse THIERRY or THEODORIC Archbishop of Trier A Genuine Work The Life of S. Lutruda WITICHIND Monk of Corby in Saxony His Genuine Works Three Books of the History of the Saxons containing the Reigns of the Emperors Henry the Fowler and Otho I. Certain Poems Works lost The Lives of S. Thecla and S. Paul the first Hermite ABBO or ALBO Abbot of Fleury His Genuine Works which we have An Apology Letters to Bernard Abbot of Bâ—aulieu A Letter to an Abbot of Fulda A Collection of Canons Works lost A Letter in Hexameter Verse in Commendation of Otho The Harmony of the Gospel dedicated to Odilo A Treatise of the Cycles Spurious Works An Epitome of the Lives of the Popes The Life of S. Edmund JOHN XIII Pope Geâ—â—ane Works Four Letters ADSON Abbot of Luxueil A Genuine Work An History of the Miracles of S. Vandalbert ROGER Monk of S. Pantaleon at Cologn A Genuine Work still extant The Life of Bruno Archbishop of Cologn ROSWIDA a Nun of Gandersheim Hâ—r Genuine Works A Poem on the Life of the Emperor Otho I. Other Poetical Pieces BENEDICT VII Pope A Genuine Work A Letter to the Bishops of France and Germany S. ETHELWALD Bishop of Winchester Spurious Works A Treatise of the Abbots of Lindâ—farn and others mention'd by Pitsaeus S. DUNSTAN Archbishop of Canterbury His Genuine Works Concordia or Rules for the Monastical Life Ecclesiastical Constitutions under the Name of Edgar King of England A Letter to Wulfin Bishop of Worcester ADSON Abbot of Deuvres Genuine Works which we have The Lives of S. Bercarius S. Basolus S. Mansuet and S. Frodbert The History of the Translation and Miracles of S. Bercarius and S. Frodbert HELPERIC or CHILPERIC Monk of S. Gallus A Genuine Work A Preface to a Treatise of the Calendar A Work lost A Treatise of the Calendar JOHN XV. Pope Genuine Works still extant A Relation of the Treaty of Peace between Etheâ—â—ed and Richard An Admonition to the Bishops of Picardy NICON of Armenia A Genuine Work A Tract concerning the Religion of the Armenians FULCUIN or FOLCUIN Abbot of Lobes Genuine Works His History of the Abbey of Lobes The Life of S. Ursmar and S. Fulcuin REGNALD Bishop of Eichstadt His Genuine Works The Lives of S. Nicolas and S. Blaâ—ius The Lives of S. Wilbald and S. Unnebald BERTHIER or BERTHERIUS Priest of Verdun A Genuine Work A Compendious History of the Bishops of Verdun GREGORY V. Pope Genuine Works Four Letters GERBERT Archbishop of Rheims afterward of Ravenna and at last Pope under the Name of Sylvester II. His Genuine Works still extant CLX Letters The History of the Acts of the Council of Rheims in 992. A Discourse to the Council of Mouzon in 995. A Discourse concerning the Episcopal Functions against Simony which he compos'd being Pope Three Letters written during his Pontificate Works lost Divers Treatises of Rhetorick Arithmetick and Geometry AIMOIN or AIMONIUS Monk of Fleury The History of France in three Books and 41 Chapters of the fourth The Life of Abbo Abbot of Fleury Two Books of the Miracles of S. Benedict A Sermon on the Festival of that Saint A Piece in Verse on his Translation and on the Foundation of the Abbey of Fleury HERIGER Abbot of Lobes Genuine Works still extant An History of the Bishop of Liege A Treatise of the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ. The Life of S. Ursmar Works lost A Letter to Hugh about several Questions A Treatise of Discord and of the Coming of our Lord. Doubtful Works The Lives of S. Bertenda and S. Landoald UFFIN or UFFO Monk of Werthin A Genuine Work The Life of S. Ludger Bishop of Munster A doubtful Work The Life of S. Ida. A Work lost The Life of S. Lucius King of England GERARD the Pupil of S. Ulric A Genuine Work which we have The Life of S. Ulric Bishop of Augsburg A nameless WRITER Monk of S. Vito at Verdun A Genuine Work A Continuation of Berthier's History of the Bishops of Verdun ALBERT or OLBERT Abbot of Gemblours Works lost The Lives of the Fathers compos'd by that Author ALDELBOLD Bishop of Utrecht A Genuine Work The History of the Emperor Henry III. Works lost Hymns in Praise of the Cross and of the Virgin Mary Some other Works JOHN Abbot of S. Arnulphus at Metz. Genuine Works An Account of the Life and Translation of S. Glodesinda The Life of S. John Abbot of Gorze LETALDUS Monk of Micy or S. Memin Genuine Works An History of the Miracles of S. Memin The Life of S. Julian Bishop of Mans. A Nameless
into Heaven or else that the Flesh of CHRIST should be brought down hither neither of which appear'd to be done Lanfrank answers them that this is a Mystery which we ought to believe without inquiring into the manner of it After Lanfrank had answer'd these two Objections he then raises two new Arguments against Berenger The first is that if the Eucharist were call'd the Flesh of JESUS CHRIST only because it is the Figure of it it would from thence follow that the Sacraments of the old Law were more excellent than those of the New because 't is more excellent to be the Type of Things future than to be the Figure of Things past And moreover that the Manna which fell down from Heaven was a more noble Figure than a little Bit of Bread could be The second Argument is the universal Opinion of the Church and the Consent of all Nations If says he to Berenger that which you believe and maintain be True it follows that what the whole Church believes and teaches in all the World must needs be False For all the Christians who are in the World are Persuaded that they receive in the Sacrament the real Body and the real Blood of JESUS CHRIST Ask the Latins the Greeks the Armenians and all the other Nations of the Christian World and they will all unanimously tell you that this is their Faith If the Faith of the universal Church be false you must say that there never has been a Church or else that it is lost But there is not any Catholick who dares to affirm either After he had prov'd this Truth by several Passages of Scripture he adds speaking still to Berenger You and those whom you have deceiv'd object against these plain Testimonies of our Lord and of the Holy Ghost concerning the Perpetuity of the Church that indeed the Gospel has been Preach'd to all Nations that the World has believ'd that the Church is Establish'd that it has increas'd and improv'd but that it afterwards fell into Error by the Ignorance of those who have put a false Gloss upon Tradition and that 't is to be found among you alone This is the usual Answer of Innovators which Lanfrank refutes in a few words The Statutes or Rules of the Order of S. Benedict made for the Monks of England go under Lanfrank's Name but Father Luke Dachery observes that they are not in his Style The Rules of the Order of S. Benedict that he is cited as a third Person in the second Section of the second Chapter and that there are some Rules which appear too Remiss this makes him believe that 't is a Collection of Rules of which Lanfrank is not the Author or which has been augmented by some other of a more modern Date Let the case be how it will it contains nothing but what relates to the Customs and Practices of Monks therefore we shall not insist any longer upon it Lanfrank's Letters are short and few but contain in them things very Remarkable Lanfranks Letters The three first are directed to Pope Alexander II. In the first he earnestly intreats him to give him leave to lay down his Arch-bishoprick which he had not taken upon him but by his Order that he might retire into a Monastery He likewise excuses himself for not being able to wait upon him at Rome In the second he gives him to understand that Herman a Bishop who had formerly quitted his Bishoprick under the Popedom of Leo IX and embrac'd a Monastick Life had a design to do it again and would have done it had not he hinder'd him He assures the Pope that that Bishop was no longer in a Condition by reason of his Age to discharge his Functions and that he is not forced to retire but does it voluntarily to give himself wholly up to the Service of God The English Historians tell us that this Herman was Flamand and that he had been Bishop of Winchester under the Reign of King Edward that he afterwards left both that Bishoprick and England and became a Monk of S. Berthin That he return'd some time after into England to be Bishop of Sarum and that he liv'd to the time of William the Conqueror which part of his Life he spent at the Bishoprick of Sarum 'T is about the end of his Life that he desir'd to retire the second time Lanfrank likewise consults the Pope about the Bishop of Litchfield This Bishop being accus'd of Incontinence and other Crimes before the Popes Legats in England would â—ot appear before the Synod which they held they had Excommunicated him and given â—he King liberty to put another in his place He afterwards came to Court and gave his Resignation to the King Lanfrank was not willing to ordain another in his place till he had receiv'd Permission from Rome he therefore desires it in this Letter The third is about the difference then on foot between the Sees of Canterbury and York about the Primacy and about several other Churches The Pope had referr'd the Examination of the Matter to an Assembly of Bishops of Abbots and of other Prelates of the Kingdom This Assembly was held at Winchester by the Order of the King of England and in his presence It was there prov'd by the Ecclesiastical History of Bede that from the time of S. Augustin the Apostle of England the Church of Canterbury had always enjoy'd the Right of Primacy over all England and Ireland and that the Bishops of the Places now in Question had been ordain'd cited to Synods and deposed by the Arch-bishop of Canterbury for above 140 years together This was likewise prov'd by the Acts of Councils and confirm'd by the Decretals of Pope Gregory I. Boniface IV. Honorius Uitalian Sergius I. Gregory IV. and Leo IX The Arch-bishop of York having nothing but weak Arguments to oppose these Authentick Testimonies yielded the Point and had desired the King to adjust Matters between Him and Lanfrank Afterwards by a general Consent an Act was prepar'd touching the Privileges of the Church of Canterbury which he sends to the Pope and desires him to confirm He thanks him for those Testimonies of Love which he had given him and for granting him two Palls He tells him at last that he sends him the Letter which he had writ formerly to Berenger whom he calls Schismatick The fourth is a Letter of Pope Alexander directed to Lanfrank wherein he confirms the Decrees of his Predecessors made in favour of the Monks who were in the Cathedral Churches of England in opposition to those who would dispossess them for to put secular Clerks into their Places The fifth is directed to Hildebrand Arch-deacon of Rome After he had return'd him Thanks for the good Will he bore to him he informs him that the Controversie about the Primacy of the Church of Canterbury was ended and that he had sent the Act of it to Rome The sixth is Hildebrand's who gives him to understand that he
well as the Monks 3. Upon account that the others were at liberty to quit that course of Life whereas these last profess'd to live always after the same manner and they were positively forbidden to do otherwise The latter Canons liv'd in common under an Abbot Superiour or Provost and made profession as the Monks of Poverty Constancy and Obedience altho' they were not as yet bound by an express Vow neither were they only employ'd in serving the Church or Monastery where they resided but they were also taken sometimes out of their House to receive a Cure and to exercise other Ecclesiastical Functions Ives afterwards Bishop of Chartres establish'd this strict Reform in the Monastery of St. Quentin A. D. 1078. Afterward that Religious House supply'd France with many other Convents of regular Canons and in the beginning of the following Century the Congregations of St. Rufus and St. Norbert were instituted insomuch that the Order of regular Canons became very numerous and extended very far within a short space of Time Chronological TABLES And other Necessary INDEXES and TABLES A. D. Popes Western Emperors and Kings of France and Italy Eastern Emperors Ecclesiastical Affairs Councils Ecclesiastical Writers 1001 Silvester II. III. Otho III. VI. The Revolt of the Romans against Otho who retires to Rome Basil and Constantin XXVI   St. Fulbert becomes Professor of Divinity in the School of the Church of Chartres 1002 IV. Otho dies in the Month of Jan. Henry I. Duke of Bavaria is put in his place by the Princes of Germany and crown'd at Mentz by the Archbishop I. XXVII   Burchard Bishop of Worms 1003 V. Sylvester II dies May 12. John XVI sirnam'd the Lean who is chosen in his place possesses the See of Rome only during 5 Months and John XVII succeeds him II. XXVIII Almost all the old Churches are demolish'd to build new ones   1004 I. III. XXIX Leutheric Archbishop of Sens is reprov'd by King Robert for making use of the Eucharist as a Trial.   1005 II. IV. XXX  A Council at Dortmund in Westphalia  1006 III. V. XXXI Alphegus Archbish. of Canterbury goes to Rome to fetch the Pall. The erecting of the Bishoprick of Bamberg in the Council of Francfurt A Council at Francfurt on the Mayn  1007 IV. VI. XXXII St. Fulbert succeeds Rodulph in the Bishoprick of Chartres   1008 V. VII XXXIII Wigbert Bishop of Mersburg dying Dithmar is chosen to succeed him in that Bishoprick   1009 VI. John XVII dies in the Month of July Sergius IV. is substituted in his room in the mon. of August VIII XXXIV The Eastern and West Churches still maintain'd a kind of mutual Communion one with another The Church of Jerusalem is destroy'd by the Prince of Babylon and afterward re-establish'd Adelbold is chosen Bishop of Utrecht   1010 I. IX XXXV The Tryal of the Archbishop of Hamburg at Rome about a certain Parochial Church A Council held at Renham in England in this Year William Abbot of St. Benignus at Dijon Godehard Bp. of Hildersheim Gosbert Abbot of Tergensee Meginfroy Monk of Fulda Erchinfroy Abbot of Melck 1011 II. X. XXXVI   Syrus Monk of Cluny Osbert or Osborn Chanter of Canter Adelbold Bp. of Utrecht Rupert Abbot of Mount Cassin Dithmar Bp. of Mersburg 1012 III. Sergius IV dies May 13. A Schism after his death between Benedict VIII and Gregory during which the former retired to the Emperor Henry I. XI XXXVII  A Council at Leon in Spain The Laws of Ethelred King of England  1013 Henry marches to Rome re-establishes Benedict and is crown'd Emp. the next year in the month of May. II. XII XXXVIII   Leo the Grammarian 1014 III. XIII XXXIX  A Council held at Pavia after that year  1015 IV. XIV XL.    1016 V. XV. XLI    1017 VI. XVI XLII The Heresy of the Manichees reviv'd in France and suppress'd by King Robert A Shower of Blood in the Province of Aquitaine A Council at Orleans against the Manichean Hereticks Guarlin or Gauslin Archbishop of Bourges 1018 VII XVII XLIII   The Death of Dichmar Bishop of Mersburg 1019 VIII Benedict goes to Bamberg in Germany XVIII XLIV Sergius Patriarch of Constantinople who succeeded John dies and Eustachius is substituted in his room   1020 IX XIX XLV   Tangmarus Dean of Hildesheim 1021 X. XX. XLVI    1022 XI XXI The Emperor Henry arrives in Italy XLVII   Guy Aretin Abbot of Croix-Saint Leufroy 1023 XII XXII Henry returns to Germany XLVIII  A Council at Selingenstadt Briv◠Archbishop of Mentz 1024 Benedict dies in the end of the Month of Feb. and John xviii his Brother succeeds him I. The death of Henry Conrad is chosen Emperor in his stead I. XLIX An Embassay of the Greeks to Rome to obtain a Grant of the Pope that the Church of Constantinople may be styl'd the Catholick or Universal Church The French Prelates oppose their Proceedings and William Abbot of St. Benignus at Dijon writes a Letter to John XVIII to divert him from his Design  William Abbot of St. Benignus at Dijon 1025 II. II. L. Basil dies and Constantin reigns alone Alexius is advanc'd to the Patriarchal See of Constantinople A Council at Arras  1026 III. III. I.   The death of Burchard Bp. of Worms 1027 IV. IV. Conrad is crown'd Emperor at Rome II.   The death of Adelbold Bishop of Utrecht 1028 V. V. III.   The death of St. Fulbert Bishop of Chartres 1029 VI. VI. Constantin dies and Romanus is chosen to supply his place I. Robert King of France holds an A Council Assembly of Bishops at Orleans for at Limoges the Dedication of the Church of St. Aignan which he had built   1030 VII VII II.   Berno Abbot of Richenaw Ademar or Aimar de Chabanois Monk of S. Cibar Hugh Arch-deacon of Tours Arnulphus Monk of Emmeran 1031 VIII VIII III. Hugh Monk of Cluny is made Bishop of Langres Canut King of England takes a Journey to Rome where he is honourably receiv'd by the Pope and the Emperor and obtains certain Privileges for his Subjects The Pope's Letter which attributes the Quality of an Apostle to St. Martial St. Martial is plac'd among the Apostles in the Councils of Bourges and Limoges The Abbey of Beauleau usurp'd by a Secular Abbot is reform'd by the Council of Limoges A Council held at Bourges Nov. 1. A Council at Limoges on the 18th day of the same Month. Odoran a Monk of St. Peter le Vit. Agelnothus Arch-bishop of Canterbury Eberard St. Harvic's Pupil The death of Aribo Archbishop of Mentz 1032 IX IX IV.  The Laws of Canut King of England  1033 X. Pope John dies Nov. 7. and Benedict IX a young Child the Son of Alberic Count of Frescati is substituted X. Conrad arrives in Italy and
baptiz'd by a Laick under this form I Baptize you in the Name of God and of the Holy and true Cross whether the Baptism had been Valid or whether providing the Child had liv'd it must have been Baptiz'd again St. Bernard is of the mind that it had been well Baptiz'd because he cannot think that the difference in words can prejudice the Truth of the Faith and the good Intention of him that Baptiz'd it His reason is because under the word God the Trinity is comprehended and by Adding the Holy and True Cross he had made mention of our Saviour That when one is baptiz'd according to the Custom of the Church in the Name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost and as we may read in the Acts of the Apostles that some were baptiz'd in the Name of Jesus Christ only it cannot be doubted but that those who have been baptiz'd in the Name of the Holy Cross have been sufficiently sanctify'd insomuch that the Confession of the Cross implys the Confession of Jesus Christ Crucify'd Moreover that in respect of him who had baptiz'd his simplicity and good Intention excus'd him but nevertheless that if any should endeavour to Introduce this manner of Baptism they would be Inexcusable This Opinion of St. Bernard disagrees with that of the Divines who maintain that Baptism of this kind is ipso facto Null and Void The Four Hundred and Fourth is Address'd to Albert a Recluse Monk who desir'd of St. Bernard that he might fast after his own fashion and Permit Women to enter into his Cell St. Bernard Answers that he has no power to Command him but that he has several times Advis'd him to Eat at least once a day to receive no visits from Women and to live by hard Labour In the Four Hundred and Fifth he takes Notice to an Abbot that one of his Monks was qualify'd to be Profess'd and therefore he ought not to dispense with him The Four Hundred and Sixth is Address'd to the Abbot of St. Nicholas in the Woods to whom he recommends a certain Monk In the Four Hundred and Seventh he blames Odon Abbot of Beaulieu for not having paid a Legacy to a Poor Man and tells him he had better have Sold a Chalice from the Altar than have suffer'd this Person to want In the Four Hundred and Eighth he recommends to William Abbot of the Regular Canons of St. Martin of Troyes a Clerk who had a mind to retire from the World and who was not able to undergo the way of Living at Clairvaux In the Four Hundred and Ninth Address'd to Rorgon Abbot of Abbeville he makes him a compliment upon his desiring to see him and desires him to bestow a spare piece of Ground belonging to his Abby to the Monks of Alchy In the Four Hundred and Tenth he recommends to Gilduin Abbot of St. Victor of Paris Peter Lombard who was come from Bulloign in France and had been recommended to St. Bernard by the Bishop of Lucca The Four Hundred and Eleventh is written to Thomas Provost of Beverlake in England and contains Exhortations to a Holy Life The Letter following is written upon the same subject to a young Man who had enter'd into a Vow to embrace a Monastick Life In the Four Hundred and Thirteenth he recommends a Probationary Monk to Rainaud Abbot of Foigny Advising him to send him back after he had corrected his Faults In the Letter following he blames a Monk of this Monastery for having Oppos'd the return of this Person By the Four Hundred and Fifteenth he exhorts a Man to perform the Vow he had made to become a Monk of Clairvaux In the Four Hundred and Sixteenth he Answers a certain Person who had complain'd to him that he had had no share of the Alms given by Count Thibaud that he was not concern'd in the Distribution of them The Two following Letters contain nothing remarkable These are all the Letters which are most commonly Ascrib'd to St. Bernard tho' Father Mabillon has Added some others which are doubtful and might very probably have been written by other Persons He also adds some Charters which may reasonably admit of the same doubt all which nevertheless continue the foregoing Numbers The Four Hundred and Nineteenth is An Exhortation to Probationers the which Father Mabillon believes does not belong to St. Bernard by reason that the Stile is more restrain'd and contains Maxims unlike those of St. Bernard such as this That we must Praise God even for our Damnation It likewise appears to me that this Letter differs in stile from those of St. Bernard The Two following Letters are also Unlike the stile of St. Bernard The Four Hundred and Twenty Second is only a short Billet Address'd to King Lewis The Four Hundred and Twenty Third is a draught of a Letter concerning the Croisade which might probably be his as well as the Letter following He therein recommends the Son of Count Thibaud going to the Holy War to Emanuel Commenes Emperour of Constantinople The Four Hundred and Twenty Fifth is a Copy of the Twenty Sixth Letter of St. Bernard The Four Hundred and Twenty Sixth is a Judgment by Arbitration pronounc'd by St. Bernard between Hugh Bishop of Auxerre and William Count of that City The Four Hundred and Twenty Seventh is a Letter from Geofrey Bishop of Chartres to Stephen Bishop of Paris by which he advises him to Refer himself to St. Bernard touching the dispute he had with Stephen de Guarlande The Four Hundred and Twenty Eighth from Bernard Abbot of St. Anastasius to St. Bernard Abbot of Clairvaux concerning a disobedient and haughty Monk The Four Hundred and Twenty Ninth is an Elogium of St. Bernard sent to him by Hugh Metellus a Regular Canon of St. Leon. The Four Hundred and Thirtieth is a Letter from the same written to St. Bernard which contains an Apology for his Monastery The Four Hundred and Thirty First is also from the same written in the Name of Siebaud Abbot of St. Leon to Abbot William to excuse him for having Answer'd the Calumnies of Herbert with too great severity The Two following Letters are written by Haimon Arch-Deacon of Chalons to St. Bernard In the First he acquaints him with his sickness and in the other he sends to him for his Sermons The Four Hundred and Thirty Fourth is a Letter Address'd to St. Bernard to excuse Thierri Bishop of Amiens from his Voyage to the Holy Land The Four Hundred and Thirty Fifth is a Charter by which Sampson Arch-Bishop of Rheims gives to the the Congregation of Clairvaux the Church of Mores which he had Obtain'd from the Monks of St. Denys there to Build a Monastery of his Order By the Four Hundred and Thirty Sixth Henry Bishop of Troyes makes the like Gifts of the Church of Billencourt to the Abby of Clairvaux The Four Hundred and Thirty Seventh is a Letter of Hugh Cardinal Bishop of Ostia to the general Chapter of Cisteaux concerning
had been his Pupils were call'd to Witness on his behalf among whom were Raoul or Radulphus Bishop of Evreux and Ives Doctor of Chartres who declar'd that they never heard him assert any thing of the like nature Therefore to convict him his Adversaries demanded that his Commentary on Boethius's Book of the Trinity might be produc'd in which as they averr'd those Errors were laid down in divers places But this Book not being to be found certain Propositions were alledg'd taken out of the loose Papers of his Scholars and amongst others That as Man is call'd Wisdom by reason of the Form of Wisdom after the same manner God is said to be his Goodness his Wisdom c. St. Bernard oppos'd that Expression and Gillebert continu'd to deny that he ever taught or wrote That the Godhead was not God or that there was in God any Form or any Essence that was not God himself He prov'd what he said by the Testimony of the two Persons but now mention'd and nevertheless maintain'd in the heat of the Dispute That that which constituted God the Father was different from that which constituted him God This Expression gave Offence to Josselin Bishop of Scissons Gillebert was likewise censur'd for calling the three Divine Persons in a Prose or Hymn on the Trinity three SINGULARS and Hugh III. Arch-bishop of Rouen on the contrary affirm'd that it ought to be said That God was a SINGULAR The Pope wearied with these Disputes which continued two days and not having at hand Gillebert de la Porree's Book that was call'd in question thought fit to refer the determination of that Affair to the Council of Rheims which was held in Lent in the following Year In the mean while Gillebert sent his Commentary on Boethius's Book of the Trinity to Pope Eugenius who deliver'd it to be examined by Gotescalchus Abbot of Mount St. Eloy of the Order of Premontre afterwards ordain'd Bishop of Arras who having carefully perus'd it made an Extract of some Propositions which he judg'd to be erroneous and annex'd to them certain Passages of the Fathers contrary to those Opinions He presented this Memorial to the Pope with Gillebert de la Porree's Book Alberic Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and Legate of the See of Rome in Aquitaine in like manner made an enquiry into Gillebert's Life and Conversation and about the Errors that he had spread abroad but he died before the meeting of the Council of Rheims In that Council the Propositions contain'd in the Memorial which A Council at Rheims the Abbot Gotheschalchus had drawn up were examin'd but in regard that he had not a ready Tongue the Pope caus'd the said Paper to be put into St. Bernard's Hands The Council was compos'd of the Pope the Cardinals and divers Bishops of France Germany England and Spain the chiefest among those of France were Geffery de Loroux Arch-bishop of Bourges Gillebert's Metropolitan Milo Bishop of Terouane Josselin Bishop of Soissons and Suger Abbot of St. Denis who had the Administration of the Government in the absence of King Lewis the Young during his Expedition in the Holy Land These Prelates publickly condemn'd Gillebert de la Porree's Propositions except Geffrey who acted more cautiously because he had heard it given out that the principal Cardinals were inclin'd to be favourable to the accus'd Party On the first day of the Assembly Gillebert caus'd large Volumes of his Works to be brought saying That his Adversaries only produc'd a few mutilated and mis-interpreted Passages taken The Condemnation of Gillebert de la Porree in the Council of Rheims out of them Then a certain Proposition found in his Book was alledg'd viz. That the Name of God does not signify the Substance that is but that by which he is When that Proposition began to be debated St. Bernard told Gillebert de la Porree That 't was not necessary to enter upon such Disputes and that the Scandal proceeded only from hence that many were persuaded that he was in an Error and that he gave it out That the Essence or the Nature of God his Godhead Wisdom Goodness and Omnipotence is not God but the Form by which he is God Now declare said he to him whether this be your Opinion or not Gillebert had the boldness to reply That the Form of God or the Godhead by which he is God is not God himself Then St. Bernard said we have an Answer to our Question let this Declaration be committed to Writing The Pope order'd the same thing and Henry of Pisa Cardinal brought Pen Ink and Paper Gillebert as he was writing cry'd out to St. Bernard Write that the Godhead is God St. Bernard answer'd without any hesitation Yea let it be written with a Steel-pen and on a Diamond or let it he engrav'd on Stone That the Divine Essence Form Nature Godhead Goodness Wisdom Virtue Omnipotence and Greatness is truly God Afterwards that Proposition was debated and St. Bernard press'd Gillebert de la Porree telling him That if the Form of God were not God it would be more perfect than God He likewise cited divers Proofs out of St. Augustin's Works which he sent for from the Library of the Church of Rheims in which that Saint assures us That the Goodness Omnipotence and other Attributes of God are not different from God himself Geffrey afterwards Abbot of Clairvaux objected against Gillebert that he disown'd the preceding Year the same Proposition that he now asserted Gillebert reply'd That whatever he said then he maintain'd it at present Afterwards they pass'd from that Proposition to a second viz. That one God is not the three Persons nor the three Persons one Thing altho' they be one God by the same Godhead as far as they are one by the same Thing This Proposition was likewise committed to writing and St. Bernard oppos'd divers Passages of the Fathers The next day they continued to produce many other Testimonies of the Fathers contrary to that Doctrine and then the other two Articles were propos'd and written viz. That the Personal Properties and the Eternal Attributes of God are not God and that it cannot be said That the Divine Nature assum'd the Humane Nature but that it ought to be said That the Person of the Son took our Nature When they had disputed for a long time about those Propositions the Cardinals declar'd in the end of the Assembly that after having duly consider'd what was alledg'd on both sides they would decide the Matter and determine what ought to be believ'd The Arch-bishops and Bishops being justly offended that the Cardinals should take upon them arbitrarily to pass their Judgment in that Affair and fearing lest they should acquit Gillebert de la Porree whom they apparently favour'd went the next day to meet St. Bernard Then they drew up with his Advice a Writing that contain'd Gillebert's Propositions as also a contrary Confession of Faith and after having Sign'd it put it into the
an Expedition for the recovery of it out of the Hands of that implacable Enemy of Christianity He grants Indulgences to those who shall take upon them the Cross for the Holy War and renews in their favour the special Privileges that were allow'd by his Predecessors in the like Case In the Second Letter he ordains That to deprecate the Wrath of God the Faithful should be oblig'd to fast during five Years on all Fridays from Advent to Christmass and that they should abstain from Flesh on Wednesdays and Saturdays By a Third Letter he confirms the Orders that his Predecessors had given to all the Ecclesiastical Judges to determine the Law-suits of private Persons The Five first Letters of Clement III. relate to the Contest that arose between John and Hugh Clement III's Letters about the Bishoprick of St. Andrew in Scotland In the Sixth he confirms the Rights and Immunities of the Church of that Kingdom The Seventh is the Act for the Canonization of Otto Bishop of Bamberg The First Letter of Celestin III. is directed to the Prelates of England whom he orders to Celestin III's Letters excommunicate all those who shall refuse to obey William Bishop of Ely Legate of the Holy See and Regent of the Kingdom in the absence of King Richard who was engag'd in the Expedition to the Holy Land By the Second he takes off the Excommunication denounced by Geffry Arch-bishop of York against Hugh Bishop of Durham The Third is the Act for the Canonization of St. Ubald Bishop of Eugubio The Fourth is an elegant Exhortation to induce the Christian Princes to make Peace that they may be in a Condition to regain the Holy Land In the Fifth directed to the Bishop of Lincoln he gives him a Commission to take cognizance of the Misdemeanours and Crimes of which the Arch-bishop of York was accus'd The Sixth sent to the Dean and Arch-deacon of the Church of Lincoln is written on the same Subject In the Seventh he constitutes Hubert Arch-bishop of Canterbury his Legate in England and in the Eighth orders the Bishops of England to acknowledge and obey him in that Quality The Ninth is a Fragment of a Letter directed to the Arch-bishop of Sens in which he declares null the Divorce that Philip King of France had made with Queen Batilda the Daughter of the King of Denmark under pretence of nearness of Kin and enjoyns him to re-take her In the Tenth he entreats Hubert Arch-bishop of Canterbury to levy Recruits to be sent into the Holy Land to King Richard The Three following Letters are written about the Disorders caus'd in the Church of York by the Arch-bishop He commits the Care and Reformation of that Church to Simon Dean of the Chapter and forasmuch as the Arch-bishop had appeal'd to the Holy See before the Bishop of Lincoln exhibited an Information against him he allows him time to come to Rome till the Festival of St. Martin but in case he do not then appear he orders the Bishop of Lincoln to proceed against him and in the mean while suspends him from the Government of his Province In the Fourteenth he orders Hubert Arch-bishop of Canterbury to oblige those who had taken upon them the Cross for the Expedition to the Holy Land to set forward on their Journey at least unless they were prevented by a lawful Impediment This Letter is follow'd by that of Philip Bishop of Beauvais written to Pope Celestin in which that Prelate complains That the King of England enter d the Territories of Beauvaisis with his Forces in a hostile manner and took him Prisoner The Pope return'd an Answer in the following Letter That he had no reason to make a Complaint of the Misfortune that befel him since he presum'd to take up Arms contrary to the Duty of his Profession besides that the Conduct of the King of England ought not to be blam'd in regard that the King of France had unjustly taken from him divers Towns contrary to the solemn Promise that he had made to that Prince not to commit any Hostilities against him 'till his return to his Dominions That instead of performing that Promise he determin'd to take the advantage of his Confinement And that the King of England being at last set at Liberty had good reason to oppose the Enterprizes of the King of France In the Sixteenth he enjoyns the Arch-bishop of Canterbury the Bishop of Lincoln and the Abbot of St. Edmund to re-establish in one of the Churches of England the Monks that were turn'd out under colour of the Pope's Bull got by surprize upon a false Exhibition In the last directed to William King of Scotland he confirms the Rights and Privileges of the Churches of that Kingdom CHAP. X. A Relation of the several Contests that Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury had with Henry II. King of England THOMAS BECKET was a Native of the City of London the Capital of England His Father was nam'd Gilbert and his Mother Matilda Gilbert in his Youth took The Life of Thomas Becket before he was Arch-bishop of Canterbury upon him the Cross for the Holy War but upon his arrival at Jerusalem he was taken Prisoner and made a Slave by the Saracens During his Imprisonment he found means to obtain the favour of the Admiral 's Daughter in whose House he was confin'd and she conceiv'd so great an Affection for him that Gilbert having at last made his Escape she travell'd to London on purpose to meet him was baptiz'd there and afterwards marry'd to Gilbert by whom she had our Thomas who was born A. D. 1119. Before his Birth Gilbert return'd to the Holy Land where he continu'd three Years and a half having left his Wife in England This Gentlewoman took great care of the Education of her Son who in the very first blooming of his Youth shew'd the marks of what might be expected from him in a riper Age. He began his Studies at London and after having lost both his Father and Mother compleated them at Paris Upon his return to England he was employ'd in the management of Affairs and put himself into the Service of Theobald Arch-bishop of Canterbury At that time Henry Bishop of Winchester Brother to King Stephen was Legate in England who abus'd his Quality and Authority treating the other Bishops and even his Metropolitan with intolerable Arrogancy Thomas advis'd Theobald to shake off the Yoke and was sent by him to Pope Celestin II. to obtain a Revocation of Henry's Commission insomuch that being arriv'd at Rome he negotiated that Affair so successfully that the Pope depriv'd Henry of his Dignity and conferr'd it on the Arch-bishop of Canterbury Thomas was no sooner return'd to England but Theobald entrusted him with the management of the Affairs of his Church made him Arch-deacon of it some time after and bestow'd on him many Benefices Afterwards King Stephen dying and Henry II. Duke of Normandy succeeding him Thomas was constituted
of la Cava quitted that Dignity 3 Months after to become a Hermit Maginulphus who succeeded him under the Name of Sylvester IV. died a little after Henry IV. Emperor XLIV Philip I. K. of France in the 40th Year of his Reign William Rufus King of England and Robert his Brother Duke of Normandy William is kill'd in hunting and Henry the youngest of the Three Brothers succeeds him in the Kingdom of England Alexis Comnenus XX. Hugh Abbot of Flavigny who was expell'd by his Monks is restor'd to his Abbey by the Council of Valence A Council at Valence held in the Month of September A Council at Poitiers assembled on the Octave of St. Martin in which Philip I. King of France is excommunicated A Council at Etampes in which Philip Bishop of Troyes is cited A Council at Anse in which 't is debated concerning the Pilgrimage to the Holy Land St. Bruno Leo Cardinal Deacon Robert Monk of St. Remy Domnizon Ives of Chartres Marbodus Bishop of Rennes Bruno Bishop of Segni 1101 II. XLV The Death of Conrad Son of the Emperor Henry XXI Leo of Marsi Bishop of Sessa is made Cardinal Bishop of Ostia St. Bruno dies on the 6th of October and Lauduinus succeeds him in the Priory of La Grande Chartreuse  Leo of Marfâ— Cardinal Bishop of Ostia Geffrey Abbot of Vendome Hildebert Bishop of Mans. 1102 III. XLVI Lewes the Gross made King of France in his Father's life-time assumes the Administration of the Government The Emperor Henry obliges himself by a Vow to take a Journey to Jerusalem XXII The Pope abolishes the Bishoprick of Lavello and confirms the Rights of the Church of Melfi A Council at Rome in which the Emperor Henry IV. is Excommunicated A Council at London Baudry Bishop of Noyon Sigebert a Monk of Gemblours 1103 IV. XLVII Robert Duke of Normandy is depriv'd of his Dukedom and taken Prisoner by his Brother Henry who causes his Eyes to be put out He dies in Prison XXIII Gauterius is made Bishop of Maguelone in Languedoc   1104 V. XLVIII XXIV Godfrey Abbot of Nogent is chosen Bishop of Amiens in the Council of Troyes and Guibert succeeds him in that Abby The Privileges of the Church of St. Peter of Troyes and the Abbey of Molesme are confirm'd in the same Council A Council at Troyes held the 27th of March where Hubert Bishop of Senlis being accus'd of Simony clears himself by Oath A council at Beaugency July the 30th concerning the Divorce of King Philip from Bertrade Rainoldus of Semur Arch-bishop of Lyons Guibert Abbot of Nogent 1105 VI. XLIX Henry 5th having Revolted against his Father is Receiv'd and Proclaim'd King by the Saxons He feigns a Reconciliation with his Father whom he afterwards causes to be Imprison'd in the Castle of Bingen and thence to be convey'd to Ingelheim where he makes his escape and retires to Liege XXV Henry V. banishes Erlong Bishop of Wurtzburg and Substitutes Robert in his Place Henry IV. being again Excommunicated in the Council of Mentz is forced at Ingelheim to Abdicate the Empire and on his Knees to implore Absolution of Bishop Albanus the Pope's Legat who denies it him and refers him to the Pope His Son Henry is Proclaim'd and Crown'd King of Germany in the same Council Henry IV. being retir'd to Liege causes a Declaration there to be publish'd to which his Son returns an Answer Odo Abbot of St. Martin at Tournay is made Bishop of Cambray but afterwards Expell'd his Bishoprick for refusing to admit the Emperor's Investiture An Assembly at Northausen May the 29th A Council at Paris November the 2d where K Philip and Bertrade are Divorc'd after having solemnly sworn to live separately A Council at Mentz held in the end of the Year against the Emperor Henry IV. Philippus Solitarius a Greek Monk Composes his Dioptron or Rule of a Christian Life Odo Bishop of Cambray 1106 VII The Pope comes into France to implore the King's Protection against the Emperor I. Henry V. succeeds his Father Henry IV. who died at Liege August 7. XXVI The Inhabitants at Liege to obtain Pardon of the new Emperor are oblig'd to dig out the dead Body of Henry IV. which is transported to Spire and laid in a Stone Coffin without the Church The Decrees against the Investitures are renew'd in the Council of Guastalla The Pope takes away from the Metropolitan See of Ravenna the Suffragan Diocesses of Aemilia in the same Council as a punishment for their Defection Gillebert or Gilbert sir-nam'd Crispin is Install'd Abbot of Westminster in this Year Petrus Alphonsus a Spanish Jew is Converted to the Christian Religion Baptiz'd at Huesca and held at the Font by Alphonsus King of Spain A Council at Guastalla Octob. 19. under Paschal II. in which are regulated Matters relating to the Churches of Germany and Lombardy that were engag'd in the Schism Gilbert Crispin Abbot of Westminster Petrus Alphonsus a Converted Jew 1107 VIII II. The Death of Edgar K. of Scotland XXVII The Deputies of the Assembly of Mentz enter into Conference with the Pope at Châlons about the Affair of the Investitures but nothing is concluded therein The Emperor sends an Envoy to the Council of Troyes which allows him a Years space to be in a capacity to plead his own Cause in Person at Rome in a General Council An Assembly at Mentz held in the beginning of the Year about the Investitures A Conncil at Troyes in Champagne held by Pope Paschal on the Festival of the Ascension concerning the Investitures and against Simony Stephen Abbot of St. James at Liege The Death of Manasses Arch-bishop of Rheims 1108 IX III. The Death of Philip K. of Fr. on July 26. Lewes the Gross his Son Crown'd at Orleans 5 days after XXIX Rodulphus is chosen Abbot of St. Trudo after the Death of Thierry  Anselm Dean of Laon. William de Champeaux Stephen Harding Abbot of Chichester 1109 X IV. XXIX   The Death of St. Hugh Abbot of Cluny April 30th The Death of Rainoldus of Semur Archbishop of Lyons 1110 XI V. Henry V. comes into Italy He is crowned King of Lombardy at Milan by the Archbishop Chysolanus XXX The Heretick Henry who began to Dogmatize in Proâ—ence with Peter de Bruis and passed from thence to Lausanna arrives this Year at Mans where he divulges his Errors for some time and whence he is at last Expell'd by Bishop Hildebert Guigue de Castre succeeds John in the Priory of la Grande Chartreuse An Assembly at Ratisbon held in the beginning of the Year in which the Emperor declares that he is resolv'd to go to Rome there to receive the Imperial Crown and to accommodate the Difference between him and the Pope A Council in Ireland held by Gilbert Bishop of Limerick the Pope's Legate to regulate the Limits of the Bishopricks of that Kingdom Anscherus Abbot of St. Riquier writes this Year the Life and Miracles of St. Angilbert Theofredus Abbot
make his escape is seiz'd and convey'd laden with Fetters to Thoulouse and deliver'd into the Bishop's Custody The Abbey of Baume is chang'd into a Priory by the Pope by reason of the contempt that the Monks of that Abbey had shewn of the Authority of the See of Rome nevertheless this Title is restor'd some time after A Council at Etampes held on Septuagesima-Sunday concerning the Expedition of the Holy Land and the Regency of the Kingdom of France which is given to Suger Abbot of St. Denis A Council at Auxerre held in the beginning of the Year A Council at Paris held on the Festival of Easter The Death of Waselinus Momalius Prior of St. Laurence at Liege 1148 IV. The Pope after having held several Councils in France returns to Italy X. VI. Lucas Chrysobergius according to some Writers is advanc'd this Year to the Patriarchate of Constantinople but as others will have it not till An. 1155. Eon de l'Etoile a Visionary Heretick is brought before Pope Eugenius in the Council at Rheims who condemns him to close Confinement so that he dies in Prison a little while after Gillebert de la Porrée being convicted by St. Bernard in that Council retracts his Errors The Pope performs the Ceremony of the Dedication of the Church of Toul He writes to St. Hildegarda Abbess of Mount St. Robert commending her Spirit of Prophecy St. Malachy who undertook a second Journey to Rome in order to obtain the Pall of the Pope dies by the way at Clairvaux November the 2d A Council at Rheims held in the Month of March against Gillebert de la Porrée Bishop of Poitiers A Council at Triers held in the presence of Pope Eugenius which approves the writings of St. Hildegarda  1149 V. XI The King of France returning from the Holy Land invests Henry the Son of Mathilda Countess of Anjou with the Dutchy of Nomandy VII Henry the Brother of the King of France and Monk of Clairvaux is made Bishop of Beauvais Gilbert Foliot Abbot of Leicester in England is ordain'd Bishop of Hereford  St. Bernard writes his first Book Of Consideration The Death of Amedeus Bishop of Lausanna 1150 VI. Eugenius after his return to Italy having sustain'd many shocks at last makes himself Mafter of St. Peter's Church XII Lewes the Young King of France divorces his Wife Eleonor the Daughter of William Duke of Guienne whom he had marry'd in 1137. VIII Hugh Abbot of Trois-Fontaines in Champagne is created Cardinal Bishop of Ostia Henry and Roland Monks of Clairvaux are likewise made Cardinals at the same Promotion Philip Arch-Deacon of Paris the Son of King Lewes the Gross is chosen Bishop of that City but he resigns this Bishoprick to Peter Lombard sir-nam'd Master of the Sentences Godeschalcus Abbot of St. Martin succeeds Alvisius in the Bishoprick of Arras Philip who had been depos'd from the Bishoprick of Taranto A. 1139. and who had afterward retir'd to Clairvaux there to take the habit of a Monk is made Prior of the same Monastery by St. Bernard John a Monk of the Isle of Oxia is advanc'd to the Patriarchate of tioch this Year Peter de Celles is made Abbot of Celles in the same Year  St. Bernard writes his second Book Of Consideration and sends it to Pope Eugenius Arsenius a Monk of Mount Athos makes his Collection of the Canons Otho Bishop of Frisinghen Serlo Abbot of Savigny Lucius Abbot of St. Cornelius Bartholomew de Foigny Bishop of Laon. Peter Lombard Bishop of Paris Falco Henry Arch-Deacon of Huntington Hugh Cardinal Bishop of Ostia Constantinus Manasses Constantinus Harmenopulus Robert Pullus Cardinal dies this Year The Death of William Abbot of St. Thierry in the same Year 1151 VII XIII IX The Pope confirms the Rights and Privileges of the Church of Colen Jourdain des Ursins Cardinal is sent Legate into Germany St. Bernard wrote his 190th Letter against this Prelate Geffrey Arthur Arch-Deacon of St. Asaph is ordain'd Bishop of the the same Church Bartholomew Bishop of Laon after having govern'd his Church 38 Years retires to the Abbey of Foigny and there turns Monk Gauterius Abbot of St. Martin at Laon succeeds him in that Bishoprick but he leaves it three Years after and becomes a Monk at Premontré Turoldus is chosen Abbot of Trois-Fontaines in the room of Hugh made Cardinal in the preceding Year The Death of Hugh who of Abbot of Pontigny had been ordain'd Bishop of Auxerre Whereupon many Contests arise about the Succession to that Bishoprick A Council at Beaugency held on the Festival of Easter which approves the Divorce between the King of France and his Wife Eleonor by reason of their being too near of kin Gratian compleats his Collection of Canons John Patriarch of Antioch Germanus Patriarch of Constantinople Andronicus Camaterius George Arch-bishop of Corfu Lucas Câ—rysobergius Patriarch of Constantinople Robert Arch-Deacon of Ostrevant Theobaldus a Monk of St. Peter at Beze Gauterius Canon of Terouane Herbert a Monk Haimo Arch-Deacon of Châlons Herman a converted Jew of Colen Nicetas Constantinopolitanus Teulfus a Monk of Morigny 1132 VIII The Death of Conrad FREDERICK I. succeeds him I. Stephen K. of England being deceas'd the Kingdom returns to Henry II. Duke of Normandy X. Odo Abbot of St. Cornelius at Compeigne is chosen Abbot of St. Denis in the place of Suger The Pope orders the Bishop of Saintes to permit a new Church to be built at Rochel He confâ—… the Primacy of â—â—â—â—do and enjoyns the Bishops of Spain to acknowledge it He likewise ratifies the Constitutions and Privileges of the Cistercian Order  The Death of Suger Abbot of St. Denis January 15. St. Bernard finishes his other Books Of Consideration John Monk of Marmoutier Alexander Abbot in Sicily Radulphus Niger Monk of St. Germer St. Elizabeth Abbess of Schonaw St. Aâ—â—â—ed Abbot of Reverby 1153 IX Eugenius dies July 8th at Tivoli ANASTASIUS IV. is chosen in his place two days after I. II. XI Pope Eugenius grants by a Bull to the Canons of St Peter at Rome the fourth part of all the Offerings that were made in that Church Alanus a Native of Burg de Reninghen near Ypres in Flanders and Abbot of Larivoir is ordain'd Bishop of Auxerre Henry Archbishop of York being dead this Year William his Competitor who had been Chosen and Consecrated Archbishop of that Church in 1140. but before whom Henry was preferr'd by Pope Innocent takes a Journey to Rome where he obtains of Pope Anastasius the confirmation of his Archiepiscopal Dignity and the Pall. However he does not long enjoy this Archbishoprick dying in the next Year The Cardinals Bernard and Gregory the Pope's Legates in Germany depose Hâ—â—â—y Archbishop of Mentz Robert Abbot of Dunes succeeds St. Bernard in the Abbey of Clairvaux  The Death of St. Bernard August 〈◊〉 1154 II. Anastasius dies Decemb. 4th having for his Successor ADRIAN IV. Reign of Henry II. his Successor according to the truest Opinion III. The
BARTHOLOMEW Bishop of Oxford flourish'd in the end of the Century ODO DE CHIRTON Flourish'd in the end of the Century JOHN A Carthusian Monk of des Portes flourish'd in the end of the Century STEPHEN DE CHAULMET A Carthusian of des Portes liv'd at the same time WILLAM LE PETIT A Regular Canon of Neutbrige or Neuburg flourish'd at the same time dy'd in 1208. GERVASE A Monk of Canterbury flourish'd in the end of the Century GONTHERIUS A Monk of St. Amand flourish'd in the end of the Century OLIVER of Colen Flourish'd in the end of the Century RADULPHUS DE DICETO Dean of St. Pauls at London flourish'd in the end of the Century GEFFREY or GAUTERIUS DE VINESAUF Flourish'd under the Popedom of Innocent III. in the very end of the Century GEORGE XIPYLIN Patriarch of Constantinople advanc'd to that Dignity A. D. 1193. dy'd in 1199. PETER of Poitiers Chancellor of the Church of Paris flourish'd A. D. 1170. dy'd in 1200. PETER of Blois Arch Deacon of Bath went to Sicily A. D. 1167. return'd to France a little while after passed into England and flourish'd there till the end of the Century SYLVESTER GIRALDUS Bishop of St. Davids flourish'd A. D. 1170. dy'd in the beginning of the following Century RICHARD Abbot of Mount-Cassin flourish'd in the end of this Century dy'd in the beginning of the following STEPHEN Bishop of Tournay become a Regular Canon A. D. 1165. was chosen Abbot of St. Genevieve in 1177. and Bishop of Tournay in 1192. THEODORUS BALSAMON Patriarch of Antioch flourish'd from the Year 1180. to 1203. ELIAS of Coxie Abbot of Dunes flourish'd in the end of the Century dy'd in 1203. SAXO GRAMMATICUS Provost of Roschild flourish'd at the same time dy'd in 1204. JOANNES CAMATERUS Patriarch of Constantinople advanc'd to that Dignity A. D. 1199 dy'd in 1206. ZACHARIAS Bishop of Chrysopolis is suppos'd to have liv'd in the XII Century ROGER DE HOVEDEN A Professor of Oxford flourish'd in the beginning of the following Century JAMES DE VITRY Cardinal flourish'd in the end of the Century dy'd in A. D. 1194. A TABLE OF THE WORKS OF THE Ecclesiastical Writers IN THE TWELFTH CENTURY S. BRUNO Founder of the Carthusian Order His Genuine Works still extant TWO Letters Spurious Works All the other Works that are attributed to him and which really belong to Bruno Bishop of Segni LEO Cardinal Deacon Manuscript Works Letters PETRUS THEUTBODUS A Genuine Work The History of the Crusade A nameless Italian Author His Genuine Works still extant Four Books of the History of the Crusade ROBERT a Monk of St. Remigius at Rheims A Genuine Work The History of the Crusade DOMNIZON a Priest A Genuine Work The Life of the Princess Mathilda RAINOLDUS of Semur Archbishop of Lyons A Genuine Work The Life of St. Hugh Abbot of Cluny BAUDRY Bishop of Noyon and Terouanne A Genuine Work A Chronicle of the Churches of Cambray and Arras SIGEBERT a Monk of Gemblours Genuine Works A Continuation of St. Jerom's Chronicle A Treatise of Ecclesiastical Writers A Letter written in the Name of the Clergy of Liege and Cambray The Lives of St. Sigebert St. Guibert and St. Maclou Works lost The Life of St. Therry or Theodoricus The History of the Passion of St. Lucy and her Defence with a Sermon in Commendation of this Saint The Passion of the Theban Martyrs in Verse And Apology for the Masses of Marry'd Priests An Answer to the Inhabitants of Trier concerning the four Ember-Weeks The Book of Ecclesiastes in Heroick Verse A Treatise of the Reformation of the Cycles ODO Bishop of Cambray His Genuine Works which we now have A Commentary on the Canon of the Mass. Three Books of Original Sin A Treatise in form of a Dialogue against a Jew concerning the the necessity of Incarnation and Grace of Jesus Christ. A Tract concerning the sin of Blasphemy against the Holy Ghost A Tract explaining the Harmony of the Four Evangelists A Sermon on the Parable in the Gospel of the unjust Steward YVES or YVO Bishop of Chartres Genuine Works Two Hundred and Eighty Nine Letters A Treatise call'd Pannormia Another call'd the Decree Supposititious Works Two Chronicles GISLEBERT or GILBERT CRISPIN Abbot of Westminster A Genuine Work still extant A Conference with a Jew concerning Religion Manuscript Works A Homily on the Book of Canticles A Discourse upon St. Jerom's Preface to the Bible A Treatise of Sins LEO of Marsi Cardinal Bishop of Ostia A Genuine Work A Chronicle of Mount-Cassin PETRUS ALPHONSUS a Spanish Jew Converted A Genuine Work A Dialogue concerning the Truth of the Christian Religion STEPHEN Abbot of St. James at Liege A Genuine Work The Life of St. Modoaldus PASCHAL II. Pope Genuine Works still in our Possession Letters Fragments of some other Letters Works lost Commentaries on the Books of the Holy Scripture and several other Treatises ANSCHERUS Abbot of St. Riquier A Genuine Work An Account of the Life and Miracles of St. Wilbrod THEOBALDUS a Clerk of the Church of Etampes Genuine Works Five Letters RADULPHUS or ARDENS Genuine Works Several Sermons NICETAS SEIDUS A Manuscript Work A Treatise against the Latinss concerning the Primacy of the Church of Rome of which there are some Fragments in Allatius HARIULPHUS a Monk of St. Riquier Genuine Works still extant A Chronicle of St. Riquier The Life of St. Arnold A Relation of the Miracles of St. Riquier The Life of St. Maldegilisilus HUGH Abbot of Flavigny A Genuine Work A Chronicle of Verdun ODO a Benedictin Monk of Ast. A Genuine Work A Commentary on the Book of Psalms RAIMOND D'AGILES a Canon of Puy A Genuine Work The History of the Crusade TURGOT a Monk of Durham A Genuine Work The History of the Church of Durham to the Year 1096. JOHN PYKE an English Writer The History of the English Saxon and Danish Kings that have Reign'd in England WALTER Arch-Deacon of Oxford A Translation of Geffrey of Monmonth's History of England EUTHYMIUS ZYGABENUS a Greek Monk Genuine Works Panoplia Dogmatica or a Treatise of the Orthodox Faith Commentaries on the Book of Psalms Canticles and the Gospels PHILIPPUS SOLITARIUS a Greek Monk A Genuine Work Dioptron or the Rule of the Christian Life UDASCHALCUS a Monk A Genuine Work A Relation of the Controversy between Herman Bishop of Augsburg and Egino Abbot of St. Ulrick GELASTUS II. Pope Genuine Works Seven Letters FLORENTUS BRAVO a Monk of Winchester Genuine Works still extant A Chronicle A Genealogy of the Kings of England WILLIAM DE CHAMPEAUX Bishop of Châlons Works lost A Book of Sentences Several other Treatises MARBODUS Bishop of Rennes Genuine Works Divers Poems Six Letters BRUNO Bishop of Segni Genuine Works Commentaries on the Pentateuch Books of Job Psalms Canticles and Apoealypse 145 Sermons A Treatise on the Song of Zacharias A Treatise of the Incarnation and Burial of Jesus Christ. A Tract concerning the use of unleavened Bread against the Greeks The Life of Pope Leo
de Columna It is credible that he did Compose a Book of that Title but there is no reason to believe it that which is printed in the Name of Aegidius About the same time flourished John of Paris an Englishman and Canon-Regular of S. Victor John of Paris a Canon-Regular at Paris who Composed an History Intituled Historical Memoirs or the Flowers of History to the Year 1322. which is found in a MSS. in the Library of S. Victor and in some Libraries in England particularly in Bennet-College Library Mr. Duchesne hath published some Fragments of it in the First Tome of the French Historians and Miraeus has put several Parts of it into his Chronicon Thomas Joisius or Joyce an Englishman a Monk of the Order of Friars-Preachers and a Thomas Joyce Cardinal Scholar of Albertus Magnus Confessor and Counsellor of State to King Edward and at last promoted to be a Cardinal by the Title of S. Sabina in the Year 1305. by Pope Clement V. died at Grenoble Decemb. 1310. as he was going in an Embassy to the Emperor Henry We have observed in the last Age that there are several Commentaries upon Holy Scripture printed under the Name of S. Thomas which belong to this Author Besides these there is a Work printed under his own Name Intituled Opus Aureum a Golden Work upon Seven Psalms C. 27. at Venice in 1611. and a Commentary upon S. Augustine De civitate Dei or the City of God printed at Tholouse 1488. Some other Commentaries upon the Holy Scripture and other Treatises are found with his Name in the Libraries of New-College Cod. 90. Magdalen-College Cod. 47. Merton Cod. 200. and Exeter-College Cod. 25. in Oxford and Pembroke Hall Cod. 46. Peter-House Cod. 87. 99. and the Publick Library Cod. 179. at Cambridge in England Joannes de S. Geminiano a Monk of the Order of the Friars-Preachers flourished in the beginning Joannes de S. Geminiano a Monk of this Age and gave himself particularly to Morality and Preaching His chief Work is The Summ of Examples and Comparisons printed at Venice in 1577 and 1582. at Antwerp in 1583 and 1599. at Lyons in 1585. and at Cologne 1670. He also Composed some Funeral Sermons printed at Lyons in 1510. and at Paris in 1511. and some Sermons upon Lent printed at Venice in 1584. and at Cologne in 1612. Altamura in his Biblioth Praedicat reckons up other Writings of his Jacobus de Benedictis a Native of Todi in Italy of a good Family being entred into the Jacobus de Benedictis Franciscan Order of S. Francis propounded it as a Design to himself to pass for a Fool and Madman in the Eyes of Men and make himself despised which he brought to pass by delivering several strange Revelations and by publickly reproving the Life of Pope Boniface who put him in Prison in the City of Praeneste where he died in the Year 1306. He cannot be accounted an Ecclesiastical Writer but upon the account of some Hymns both in Verse and Prose which he Composed in a very uncouth Stile divided into Seven Books which have been published by Francis Fresatus a Grey-Friar who caused them to be printed at Rome in 1558. and since at Venice 1617. Some attribute to him a Piece of Prose beginning with these words Stabat mater dolorosa and another Hymn De contemptu Mundi which begins thus Cur mundus militat sub variâ gloriâ Raderus hath inserted some Sentences and wholsom Admonitions attributed to this Author in his Viridarium Sanctorum Justus an Abbot of the Cistertian Order who flourished in the beginning of this Age is the Author Justus a Cistertian of a Sermon pronounced in an Assembly of his own Order printed by it self at Paris and in the 14th Tome of the Bibliotheca Patrum put out at Cologne Joannes Duns Surnamed Scotus and called commonly Doctor Subtilis or the Subtle Doctor Joannes Duns Scotus a Grey-Friar was the Author of a New Sect of Schoolmen and taught Principles different from those of S. Thomas which were followed by the Divines of the Order of Grey-Friars of which he was himself It is disputed whether he was an Englishman Scotchman or Irishman They who hold him to have been an Englishman say he was of Dunston in Northumberland but they who make him an Irishman lay the place of his Nativity at Down a City in Ulster in Ireland and they who will have him a Scotchman make him a Native of Duns a Village Eight Miles distant from the Confines of England He entred very young into the Convent of the Grey-Friars at Newcastle in England and attended his Studies at Oxford where he taught Divinity afterward He went into France in the beginning of the Fourteenth Age and read Lectures at Paris after he had taken his Degrees Some have written That he there maintained the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary in a Publick Conference and that he defended it so strongly that the University of Paris being convinced of it made an Order that all her Members should maintain that Doctrine and engaged them by Oath so to do But this is a false Story for it is evident that the Decree of the University was not made till the Year 1496. after the Meeting of the Council of Basil and besides Scotus did not propound the Opinion of the Immaculate Conception as the certain Doctrine of his time but with some doubt about it For after he hath put the Question in his Third Distinction upon the Thirteenth Book of the Sentences viz. Qu. 1. Whether the Virgin was conceived without Original Sin He answers in Three Propositions 1. That God could have caused her to be Born without Original Sin 2. That he could have caused that she should not continue in Original Sin one moment 3. That he could have caused that she should have remained in it for some time and then in the last instant of that time have purified her from it After he has proved these three Propositions he concludes That none but God can know which of these three Things are possible to be done that it seems nevertheless most probable to him that that which is most perfect be attributed to the Virgin provided that it be not contrary to the Authority of the Church nor Holy Scripture In this manner did Scotus propound his Sentiments of the Immaculate Conception From Paris he went to Cologne where he died a little after of the Falling Sickness or rather of an Apoplexy Nov. 8. 1308. in the 43d Year of his Age according to some but 34 according to others What some write concerning him that he was Buried in a Fit of the Falling Sickness and being recovered and come to himself had turned himself in his Grave is a Fable that hath His Works in Twelve Volumes no likelihood as Waddingus hath proved who hath published his Life and Works and printed them in Twelve Volumes at Lyons in 1639. The First Tome
of Exhortations and gentle Admonitions and the other of severe Reprimands and Threats with Orders to deliver the former at first and in case he obstinately persisted in his Resolution to add the second These two Legates conducted the Arch-bishop to the Place appointed for the Interview where the two Kings were Present and admonish'd him to humble himself before his Sovereign He followed their Advice and only insisted that the Glory of God might be secur'd in these Terms Ad honorem Dei King Henry was offended at that Expression and requir'd That the Arch-bishop should promise and bind himself by Oath as a Priest and a Bishop in the presence of the whole Assembly sincerely to observe the Customs that were follow'd by the Reverend Arch-bishops under the Kings his Predecessors which he had also engag'd to do upon another occasion The Arch-bishop promis'd to be faithful to him in every particular as far as it was possible Salvo ordine suo and added That for Peace sake he would engage to observe as far as his Dignity would allow such Customs as were in use amongst his Reverend Predecessors The King peremptorily insisted That he should promise to observe the Customs of his Kingdom without any manner of Restriction but the Arch-bishop would by no means consent to it and upon that refusal his Majesty departed out of the Assembly The Legates having exhorted him to re-admit the Arch-bishop to his Favour and to Restore him to his Church he reply'd That perhaps he might one day be prevail'd upon to do the latter but that he would take care never to make him his Confident During a second interview between the two Princes they presented to King Henry the Pope's menacing Letter but he was not at all concern'd at it and always insisted upon the Promise that the Arch-bishop of Canterbury had made to act conformably to the Customs of the Kingdom which the Arch-bishops his Predecessors had observ'd before him Thomas Becket made Answer That he was ready to obey his Majesty as far as it could be done without infringing the Privileges of his Dignity and thus this Negotiation took no more effect than the others insomuch that the Pope being wearied with the delays of the King of England revok'd the Suspension of the Arch-bishop's Authority and left him at liberty to act as he should think fit Some time after King Henry designing to Crown his eldest Son appointed the Arch-bishop of York to perform that Ceremony but the Pope being inform'd of his Intention prohibited that Arch-bishop and all others under pain of Suspension to make any attempt upon a Right that apparently belong'd to the Arch-bishop of Canterbury Thomas Becket likewise wrote to the Arch-bishop of York and to his Collegues to notifie to them the same Prohibition whereupon the King was so extremely incens'd that he took a resolution to oblige his Subjects to take an Oath That they would not obey the Pope nor the Arch-bishop of Canterbury and caus'd his Son to be actually Crown'd by the Arch-bishop of York at Westminster in a Church belonging to the Jurisdiction of Canterbury The young King in like manner took an Oath to observe the Customs of the Kingdom that were publish'd at Clarendon In the mean while the Pope being press'd by the Remonstrances of the King of France of the Arch-bishop of Canterbury and of William Arch-bishop of Sens declar'd the Arch-bishop of York suspended from all manner of Ecclesiastical Functions and pronounc'd the same Sentence against all the Bishops who assisted at that Ceremony He sent word at the same time to Rotrou Arch-bishop of Rouen and to Bertrand Bishop of Nevers to meet the King of England in order to admonish him the last time in his Name to make Peace and in case he refus'd to do it to suspend all his Dominions from Divine Service that were situated on the hither side or beyond the Sea At the same time he dispatch'd a smart Reprimand to the King of England requiring him in the Name of God and by Virtue of the Apostolick Authority to be reconciled with the Arch-bishop of Canterbury and to give Peace to the Church if he design'd to avoid an Anathema like to that which was pronounc'd against the Emperor Frederick insomuch that those urgent Threats oblig'd King Henry to bethink himself seriously of an Accommodation and personally to entreat the Legates to use their utmost endeavours to procure it Whereupon Thomas Becket went to meet the King accompanied with the Arch-bishop of The King of England reconciled to Thomas Becket Sens and his Majesty receiv'd him with such particular Marks of Kindness as he never shew'd him since their falling out The Arch-bishop demanded Justice for the Indignities put upon the Church of Canterbury and more especially for the injury he had lately done him by the Coronation of his Son The King promis'd to give Orders that that Prince should be Crown'd again and then Thomas Becket caus'd Intercession to be made by the Arch-bishop of Sens who began to speak that his Majesty would vouchsafe to restore to him the Church of Canterbury with all the Revenues belonging to it and to do him Justice as to what relates to the Coronation of the Prince his Son he for his part engaging at the same time to yield to his Majesty all the Respect Obedience and Submission that is due from an Arch-bishop to his Sovereign Prince according to the Ordinance of God The King accepted of those Terms and thus the Peace was at last effectually concluded Afterwards the Arch-bishop of Canterbury humbly entreated the King his Master that he might have liberty to take leave of the King of France to return Thanks for the many signal Favours he had receiv'd from him He also continu'd some time longer in France with a design not to pass over into England till he had receiv'd Information that those Persons were actually put in Possession of the Revenues of the Church of Canterbury whom he sent thither for that purpose In the mean while the Arch-bishop of York and the Bishops of London and Salisbury us'd all possible means to break off the Agreement and further to incense King Henry against the Arch-bishop At that time one Renulphus who was the Minister of the Arch-bishop of York's Fury made no difficulty to pillage the Revenues of the Church of Canterbury but neither that Injury nor the Coldness with which the King then treated Thomas Becket were sufficient to divert him from the resolution he had taken to return to England notwithstanding the Advice of his Friends to the contrary and the Threats of his Enemies Therefore he embarked at Calice in the end of the Year 1170. and arriv'd at Sandwich but Thomas Becket ' s return to England before his departure he sent into England the Letter that the Pope had directed to him and which he kept till that time By vertue of that Letter his Holiness suspended the Arch-bishop of York with the
Bishops who assisted at the Coronation of the young King and excommunicated or suspended for divers Causes a great part of the Prelates of the Kingdom The publication of that Sentence extremely exasperated the Minds of the Prelates and English Nobility The Arch-bishop upon his arrival met with divers Persons who attempted to take away his Life and he was no sooner at Canterbury but some of the King's Officers accompanied New Broils with Renulphus and three Clergy-men came according to the Order they had receiv'd from the Arch-bishop of York and two other Prelates to require him in his Majesty's Name to absolve all the Bishops who were suspended or excommunicated alledging That what he had done against them was prejudicial to the King himself ruin'd the Customs of the Kingdom and was contrary to the Tranquillity of the State They promis'd at the same time That when the Suffragan Bishops of the Metropolitan See of Canterbury were absolved they would readily submit to his Injunctions as far as they could do it without impairing the Dignity of the Crown The Arch-bishop reply'd That it did not lie in his power to repeal a Sentence passed by the Holy Apostolick See but they persisted in pressing him more earnestly and threaten'd that if he refus'd to do it the King would revenge the Indignity on the whole Church Thomas Becket proffer'd That if the excommunicated or suspended Bishops would take an Oath in his presence in due Form to submit to what he should think fit to ordain for the sake of Peace and upon account of the Respect that he bore to his Majesty he would do all that he could in their favour But they could by no means be persuaded to take such an Oath without informing the King of its purport nor to submit in such a manner to the Will and Pleasure of the Arch-bishop of Canterbury Then the three Prelates above-mention'd went to meet the King implor'd his Assistance and represented to him that the Arch-bishop of Canterbury had disturb'd the Peace of the Kingdom by his Arrival openly accusing him of Arrogancy and Tyranny The King being highly provoked by that Discourse said in a Passion That he was unfortunate in meeting with none that could take Vengeance of one single Prelate who created him more Trouble than all his other Subjects and endeavour'd by all manner of Means to make void his Royal Authority The letting fall of these Words gave occasion to four of his Courtiers to form a Conspiracy A Conspiracy against Thomas Becket and his Death against the Arch-bishop's Life For they immediately set out and being arriv'd in England shew'd him an Order from the King to absolve the excommunicated or suspended Bishops and to take an Oath of Allegeance But the Arch-bishop having refus'd it they took up Arms enter'd the Cathedral Church of Canterbury where he was Officiating and Assassinated him at the Altar one of the last days of the Year 1170. which was the 52 of his Age and the 9th since his promotion to the Metropolitan Dignity As soon as the News of that base Act was brought to King Henry he express'd a great deal of Trouble for his Death and sent Deputies to Rome to assure the Pope That he was by no means consenting to the Fact The Pope was transported with Grief and Indignation but the King's Deputies having depos'd upon Oath that their Master was not at all accessory to that Murder and that he was ready to clear himself by Oath his Holiness contented himself only to excommunicate the Assassins and their Accomplices and sent the Cardinals Theodin of St. Vitalis and Albert of St. Laurence to receive the King's Oath and to oblige him to give Satisfaction to the Church These two Legates being arriv'd in Normandy found the King altogether dispos'd to submit to every thing that the Church should enjoyn him He took an Oath upon the Holy Gospels That he neither commanded nor was desirous that the Arch-bishop of Canterbury should be kill'd and that he was more sensible of Grief at his Death than at that of the King his Father but he confess'd that he had been in some Measure the cause of it by reason of the Animosity which he so often express'd against his Person and that therefore he was ready to undergo such Penance as the Legates should think fit to impose on him The two Cardinals order'd him 1. To maintain 200 Soldiers during a whole Year for the defence of the Holy Land 2. To revoke all Customs and Ordinances introduc'd under his Reign to the prejudice of the Church and to reform by the Pope's advice such as were establish'd 3. To restore to the Church of Canterbury all its Revenues and Territories and to make the same restitution to all others that were pillaged 4. and lastly To deliver Spain from the Oppression of the Infidels in case it were requir'd by his Holiness They likewise privately enjoyn'd him Fasting Alms-giving and some other particular Penances The King accepted of all those Conditions with the Marks of an extraordinary Humility and the Legates gave him Absolution at the Church-door The young King took an Oath to observe the same things obliging himself that if his Father died without fulfilling his Penance to perform what was ordain'd in his stead Afterwards Thomas Becket was canoniz'd for a Saint A. D. 1173. and King Henry being The Canonization of Thomas Becket His Letters attack'd by his unnatural Son who rebell'd against him implor'd his Assistance going bare-footed to his Tomb as it were an humble Suppliant There are still extant Six Books of the Letters of this Prelate and of those that were written to him during his Troubles which were collected by John of Salisbury published by Christianus Lupus and printed at Bruxels in Quarto A. D. 1682. with a Relation of his Life taken out of four contemporary Authors viz. Herbert his Clerk William of Canterbury the Abbot Alanus and John of Salisbury The Life and Actions of that famous Man sufficiently shew his Character viz. That he was resolute of an undaunted Courage and inflexible to the highest degree and his Letters that he was eloquent had the Art of stirring up the Affections and was endu'd with pious and generous Principles CHAP. XI An Account of the Lives and Writings of the principal Authors who flourish'd in the Twelfth Century GEFFREY Abbot of VENDOME GEFFREY was a Native of Anger 's descended of a noble Family was educated by Geffrey Abbot of Vendome Garnier Arch-deacon of that City and enter'd very Young into the Monastery of Vendome which was founded A. D. 1050. by Godfrey Martel Count of Anger 's A little while after he was made Abbot in 1093. being as yet only a Deacon Ives of Chartres gave him the Benediction and exacted of him an acknowledgment that he should be subject to the Jurisdiction of the Bishop of Chartres However that Abbot soon repented of what he had done and caus'd himself to be freed