there_o be_v yet_o extant_a the_o manuscript_n themselves_o of_o the_o saxon_a law_n make_v in_o the_o parliamentary_a council_n hold_v by_o they_o here_o which_o be_v in_o the_o language_n and_o character_n of_o those_o time_n and_o contain_v in_o they_o many_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o the_o norman_a custumary_n it_o be_v no_o improbable_a opinion_n that_o there_o be_v a_o former_a establishment_n of_o our_o law_n in_o normandy_n before_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 1._o and_o that_o it_o be_v by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n who_o as_o all_o writer_n of_o our_o history_n agree_v be_v a_o great_a collector_n and_o compiler_n of_o our_o english_a law_n he_o live_v a_o long_a time_n with_o his_o kinsman_n duke_n william_n in_o normandy_n who_o be_v willing_a to_o please_v the_o confessor_n in_o hope_n to_o be_v appoint_v by_o he_o to_o be_v his_o successor_n wherein_o the_o duke_n expectation_n do_v not_o fail_v he_o the_o confessor_n have_v no_o child_n and_o find_v 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which_o be_v not_o only_o fit_a for_o their_o dukedom_n and_o small_a territory_n but_o fit_a also_o for_o this_o kingdom_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v the_o second_o in_o europe_n for_o antiquity_n and_o worth_n by_o confession_n of_o most_o foreign_a historian_n if_o we_o will_v give_v credit_n to_o their_o own_o author_n this_o point_n will_v be_v sufficient_o evince_v by_o they_o these_o word_n be_v in_o the_o proem_n of_o the_o custumary_n which_o be_v entitle_v descriptio_fw-la normanniae_fw-la hucusque_fw-la normannicae_fw-la consvetudines_fw-la latorem_fw-la sive_fw-la datorem_fw-la sanctum_fw-la edwardum_fw-la angliae_fw-la regem_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o same_o be_v witness_v by_o chronica_fw-la chronicorum_fw-la that_o st._n edward_n king_n of_o england_n give_v the_o law_n to_o the_o norman_n when_o he_o be_v long_o harbour_v there_o and_o that_o he_o make_v both_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o normandy_n appear_v sufficient_o by_o the_o conformity_n of_o they_o for_o which_o he_o cite_v several_a particular_n as_o of_o appeal_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n ad_fw-la probandum_fw-la aliquid_fw-la per_fw-la credentiam_fw-la duodecim_fw-la hominum_fw-la vicinorum_fw-la which_o he_o say_v remain_v in_o normandy_n to_o that_o day_n polydore_v forget_v himself_o what_o he_o write_v in_o another_o place_n say_v of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o that_o when_o a_o doubt_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o proposal_n of_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n to_o scotland_n that_o thereby_o england_n may_v in_o time_n be_v subject_a unto_o scotland_n the_o king_n answer_v no_o and_o that_o england_n as_o the_o great_a will_v draw_v it_o to_o scotland_n be_v the_o less_o and_o incorporate_v it_o to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n as_o say_v the_o historian_n it_o do_v normandy_n though_o the_o owner_n thereof_o be_v conqueror_n of_o england_n and_o sir_n roger_n owen_n in_o his_o manuscript_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v not_o any_o of_o our_o historian_n that_o live_v in_o the_o space_n of_o 200_o year_n immediate_o after_o the_o conquest_n which_o do_v describe_v our_o law_n to_o be_v take_v away_o and_o the_o norman_a custom_n introduce_v by_o the_o conqueror_n some_o of_o they_o and_o not_o improbable_o mention_v the_o alteration_n of_o some_o part_n of_o they_o and_o the_o bring_n in_o some_o norman_a custom_n effectual_a for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o peace_n there_o be_v yet_o behind_o the_o great_a argument_n most_o insist_v on_o and_o often_o urge_v by_o the_o gentleman_n of_o another_o opinion_n which_o be_v the_o title_n of_o william_n who_o be_v call_v the_o conqueror_n from_o whence_o they_o conclude_v that_o by_o his_o conquest_n he_o change_v the_o law_n and_o government_n of_o this_o nation_n and_o that_o his_o successor_n reckon_v the_o beginning_n of_o their_o reign_n from_o his_o conquest_n to_o this_o be_v answer_v that_o a_o posse_fw-la ad_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la valet_fw-la argumentum_fw-la the_o conquer_a of_o the_o land_n be_v one_o thing_n the_o introduce_v of_o new_a law_n be_v another_o thing_n but_o there_o be_v direct_a proof_n to_o the_o contrary_a of_o this_o argument_n duke_n william_n never_o surnamed_n himself_o the_o conqueror_n nor_o be_v so_o call_v in_o his_o life-time_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o all_o the_o letter_n patent_n and_o deed_n that_o he_o make_v wherein_o he_o be_v call_v guilielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la dux_n etc._n etc._n never_o conquestor_n and_o our_o ancient_a historian_n give_v he_o the_o same_o title_n and_o not_o that_o of_o conqueror_n in_o the_o title_n of_o nubrigensis_n book_n he_o be_v surname_v william_n the_o bastard_n malmsbury_n call_v he_o william_n the_o first_o hoveden_n william_n the_o elder_a adam_n de_fw-fr monmoth_n say_v that_o 1._o ed._n 3._o this_o word_n conquest_n be_v find_v out_o to_o denote_v and_o distinguish_v the_o certain_a edward_n because_o two_o of_o the_o same_o name_n be_v predecessor_n to_o this_o king_n and_o to_o the_o conqueror_n 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that_o edward_n by_o his_o will_n leave_v england_n to_o he_o paulus_n aemilius_n and_o fulgasius_n be_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n pope_n alexander_n the_o 11_o send_v he_o a_o banner_n as_o witness_v that_o with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n he_o may_v expel_v harold_n the_o tyrant_n because_o the_o crown_n be_v due_a to_o he_o by_o the_o confessor_n will_n and_o by_o harold_n oath_n agreeable_a hereunto_o be_v gemiticensis_n walsingham_n malmesbury_n huntingdon_n ingulphus_n paris_n pike_n wendover_n gaxton_n gisburn_n and_o other_o the_o ancient_a deed_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n which_o be_v sometime_o in_o my_o custody_n do_v prove_v this_o king_n william_n in_o his_o charter_n to_o they_o set_v forth_o his_o own_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n thus_o beneficio_fw-la concessionis_fw-la &_o cognati_fw-la mei_fw-la gloriosi_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la in_o his_o second_o charter_n date_v anno_fw-la 15._o of_o his_o reign_n he_o say_v in_o honour_n of_o king_n edward_n who_o make_v i_o
his_o heir_n and_o adopt_v i_o to_o rule_v over_o this_o nation_n in_o his_o charter_n date_v 1088._o of_o the_o liberty_n of_o st._n martin_n the_o great_a in_o the_o manuscript_n thereof_o be_v these_o word_n in_o example_n of_o moses_n who_o build_v the_o tabernable_a and_o of_o solomon_n who_o build_v the_o temple_n ego_fw-la guilielmus_fw-la dei_fw-la dispositione_n &_o consanguinitatis_fw-la haereditate_fw-la anglorum_fw-la basileus_n etc._n etc._n the_o charter_n of_o hen._n 1._o his_o son_n to_o this_o abbey_n in_o honour_n of_o edward_n my_o kinsman_n who_o adopt_v my_o father_n and_o his_o child_n to_o be_v heir_n to_o this_o kingdom_n etc._n etc._n in_o another_o charter_n of_o hen._n 1._o in_o the_o book_n of_o ely_n he_o call_v himself_o the_o son_n of_o king_n william_n the_o great_a who_o by_o hereditary_n right_o succeed_v king_n edward_n it_o be_v true_a as_o to_o his_o pretence_n of_o title_n by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o confessor_n matthew_n paris_n object_v that_o the_o devise_n be_v void_a be_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o baron_n to_o which_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o probable_o the_o law_n may_v be_v so_o in_o hen._n 3._o time_n when_o paris_n write_v and_o be_v so_o take_v to_o be_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o carlisle_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o king_n john._n but_o at_o the_o time_n of_o duke_n william_n invasion_n the_o law_n be_v take_v to_o be_v that_o a_o kingdom_n may_v be_v transfer_v by_o will._n so_o be_v that_o of_o sixtus_n rufus_n and_o asia_n come_v to_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o will_n of_o king_n attalus_n the_o word_n by_o annaeus_n florus_n be_v populus_fw-la romanus_n bonorum_fw-la meorum_fw-la haeres_fw-la esto_fw-la bithynia_n come_v to_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o last_o will_n of_o their_o king_n nicomedes_n which_o be_v remember_v by_o vtropius_fw-la together_o with_o that_o of_o libya_n cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o alexandria_n by_o the_o last_o will_n of_o their_o king_n be_v devolve_v to_o rome_n and_o prasutagus_n rex_fw-la icenorum_n in_o england_n upon_o his_o deathbed_n give_v his_o kingdom_n to_o the_o emperor_n nero._n as_o to_o example_n in_o this_o point_n at_o home_n this_o king_n william_n the_o first_o by_o his_o will_n give_v england_n to_o his_o young_a son_n william_n rufus_n king_n stephen_n claim_v by_o the_o will_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o have_v power_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o order_v the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o he_o please_v by_o will._n and_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o council_n in_o queen_n mary_n time_n write_v to_o she_o that_o the_o lady_n iane_n title_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v by_o the_o will_n and_o letter_n of_o edward_n the_o six_o as_o the_o case_n of_o hen._n 8._o be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o duke_n william_n after_o he_o have_v conquer_v harold_n be_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o people_n of_o england_n accept_v for_o their_o king_n and_o so_o his_o title_n by_o will_n confirm_v and_o he_o both_o claim_v and_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n as_o a_o heir_n and_o successor_n confirm_v their_o ancient_a law_n and_o rule_v according_a to_o they_o this_o appear_v by_o chronica_fw-la chronicorum_fw-la speak_v of_o william_n the_o bastard_n king_n of_o england_n and_o duke_n of_o normandy_n he_o say_v that_o whereas_o as_o st._n edward_n have_v no_o heir_n of_o england_n william_n have_v conquer_v harold_n the_o usurper_n obtain_v the_o crown_n under_o this_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v inviolable_o observe_v those_o law_n give_v by_o the_o say_v edward_n it_o be_v testify_v likewise_o by_o many_o of_o our_o historian_n that_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o england_n be_v confirm_v by_o duke_n william_n jornalensis_n say_v that_o out_o of_o the_o merchen-lage_n west-saxon-lage_n and_o dane-lage_n the_o confessor_n compose_v the_o common_a law_n which_o remain_v to_o this_o day_n malmesbury_n who_o live_v in_o duke_n william_n time_n say_v that_o the_o king_n be_v swear_v to_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o the_o confessor_n so_o call_v say_v he_o because_o he_o observe_v they_o most_o religious_o but_o to_o make_v this_o point_n clear_a out_o of_o ingulphus_n he_o say_v in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o chronicle_n i_o ingulphus_n bring_v with_o i_o from_o london_n into_o my_o monastery_n crowland_n the_o law_n of_o the_o most_o righteous_a king_n edward_n which_o my_o lord_n king_n william_n do_v command_v by_o his_o proclamation_n to_o be_v authentic_a and_o perpetual_a and_o to_o be_v observe_v throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n upon_o pain_n of_o most_o heinous_a punishment_n the_o lieger-book_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o waltham_n commend_v duke_n william_n for_o restore_v the_o law_n of_o the_o englishman_n out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n radburn_n follow_v this_o opinion_n and_o these_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v the_o same_o in_o part_n which_o be_v continue_v in_o our_o great_a charter_n of_o liberty_n a_o manuscript_n entitle_v de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la say_v that_o at_o a_o parliament_n at_o london_n 4._o w._n 1._o the_o lawyer_n also_o present_a that_o the_o king_n may_v hear_v their_o law_n he_o establish_a saint_n edward_n law_n they_o be_v former_o use_v in_o king_n edgar_n time._n there_o be_v also_o mention_v of_o the_o twelve_o man_n out_o of_o every_o county_n to_o deliver_v true_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o law_n the_o same_o be_v remember_v by_o selden_n history_n of_o tithe_n and_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o in_o a_o manuscript_n chronicle_v bind_v with_o the_o book_n of_o ely_n in_o cotton_n library_n one_o of_o the_o worthy_a gentleman_n from_o who_o i_o differ_v in_o opinion_n be_v please_v to_o say_v that_o if_o william_n the_o conqueror_n do_v not_o introduce_v the_o law_n of_o normandy_n into_o england_n yet_o he_o conceive_v our_o law_n to_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o france_n hither_o in_o the_o time_n of_o some_o other_o of_o our_o king_n who_o have_v large_a territory_n in_o france_n and_o bring_v in_o their_o law_n hither_o else_o he_o wonder_v how_o our_o law_n shall_v be_v in_o french._n sir_n i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o satisfy_v his_o wonder_n therein_o by_o and_o by_o but_o first_o with_o your_o leave_n i_o shall_v offer_v to_o you_o some_o probability_n out_o of_o the_o history_n that_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v by_o some_o of_o those_o king_n carry_v into_o france_n rather_o than_o the_o law_n of_o france_n bring_v hither_o this_o be_v express_o affirm_v by_o paulus_n jovius_n who_o write_v that_o when_o the_o english_a king_n reign_v in_o a_o great_a part_n of_o france_n they_o teach_v the_o french_a their_o law_n sabellicus_n a_o venetian_a historian_n write_v that_o the_o norman_n in_o their_o manner_n and_o custom_n and_o law_n follow_v the_o english_a polydore_v virgil_n contradict_v himself_o in_o another_o place_n than_o before_o cite_v relate_v that_o in_o our_o king_n hen._n 6._o time_n the_o duke_n of_o bedford_n call_v together_o the_o chief_a man_n of_o all_o the_o city_n in_o normandy_n and_o deliver_v in_o his_o oration_n to_o they_o the_o many_o benefit_n that_o the_o english_a afford_v they_o especial_o in_o that_o the_o english_a give_v to_o they_o their_o custom_n and_o law_n by_o the_o chronicle_n of_o eltham_n h._n 5._o send_v to_o cane_n in_o normandy_n not_o only_o divine_n but_o english_a common_a lawyer_n by_o the_o agreement_n at_o troy_n so_o there_o be_v much_o more_o probability_n that_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v introduce_v into_o france_n and_o normandy_n than_o that_o the_o law_n of_o normandy_n or_o any_o other_o part_n of_o france_n be_v introduce_v into_o england_n if_o the_o norman_n have_v be_v conqueror_n of_o england_n as_o they_o be_v not_o but_o their_o duke_n be_v only_o a_o conqueror_n of_o harold_n and_o receive_v as_o hereditary_a king_n of_o england_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o probable_a they_o will_v have_v change_v our_o law_n and_o have_v introduce_v they_o because_o they_o do_v not_o use_v to_o do_v so_o upon_o other_o conquest_n the_o norman_n conquer_v the_o isle_n of_o guernsey_n and_o jersey_n yet_o alter_v not_o their_o law_n which_o in_o their_o local_a custom_n be_v like_a unto_o we_o the_o like_a they_o do_v in_o sicily_n naples_n and_o apulia_n where_o they_o be_v conqueror_n yet_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o those_o country_n be_v continue_v i_o hope_v mr._n speaker_n i_o have_v by_o this_o time_n give_v some_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o worthy_a gentleman_n who_o differ_v from_o i_o that_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v not_o impose_v upon_o we_o by_o the_o conqueror_n nor_o bring_v over_o hither_o either_o out_o of_o normandy_n or_o any_o other_o part_n of_o france_n but_o be_v our_o ancient_a native_a law_n i_o must_v now_o come_v to_o endeavour_v
25._o e._n 3._o of_o old_a time_n use_v and_o 3._o and_o 42._o e._n 3._o the_o old_a law_n who_o age_n make_v it_o the_o more_o venerable_a and_o give_v a_o addition_n of_o honour_n to_o it_o well_o have_v thus_o show_v you_o the_o coronation_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o and_o give_v you_o the_o solemn_a oath_n he_o at_o the_o same_o time_n take_v even_o before_o his_o consecration_n that_o so_o he_o may_v give_v all_o possible_a satisfaction_n to_o the_o english_a of_o his_o resolve_v to_o rule_v according_o and_o also_o have_v make_v it_o plain_a that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o in_o substance_n with_o that_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n take_v before_o he_o i_o shall_v now_o descend_v brief_o to_o set_v before_o you_o some_o of_o his_o own_o charter_n as_o likewise_o some_o of_o william_n the_o second_v and_o of_o henry_n the_o first_o be_v his_o child_n and_o succeed_a king_n and_o from_o they_o evidence_n to_o you_o i_o hope_v demonstrable_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o his_o conquest_n he_o rely_v upon_o when_o he_o be_v settle_v in_o this_o imperial_a throne_n as_o his_o claim_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n jure_fw-la hereditario_fw-la by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n and_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o be_v please_v to_o accept_v of_o these_o ensue_a instance_n 1._o in_o nomine_fw-la patris_fw-la &_o filii_fw-la &_o 4._o carta_n antiqua_fw-la litera_fw-la d._n n._n 4._o spiritus_fw-la sancti_fw-la amen_o ego_fw-la willielmus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la factus_fw-la 2._o in_o nomine_fw-la patris_fw-la &_o filii_fw-la &_o inspex_fw-la carta_n 4._o e._n 4._o m._n 27._o per_fw-la inspex_fw-la spiritus_fw-la sancti_fw-la amen_o ego_fw-la willielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la factus_fw-la 3._o in_o nomine_fw-la sanctae_fw-la &_o individuae_fw-la 317._o monast_n anglican_n vol._n 1._o fol._n 317._o trinitatis_fw-la ego_fw-la willielmus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la notum_fw-la facere_fw-la omnibus_fw-la tam_fw-la posteris_fw-la quam_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la quod_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o angliam_fw-la venissem_fw-la &_o in_o finibus_fw-la hasting_n cum_fw-la excercitu_fw-la applicuissem_fw-la contra_fw-la host_n meos_fw-la qui_fw-la mihi_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la injustè_fw-fr conabatur_fw-la auferre_fw-la 4._o in_o ore_fw-la gladii_fw-la say_v william_n the_o 483._o carra_n westm_n per_fw-la inspex_fw-la 1._o e._n 4._o parte_fw-la septima_fw-la m._n 26._o mr._n seld._n review_n p._n 483._o first_o be_v charter_n regnum_fw-la adeptus_fw-la sum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la devicto_fw-la haroldo_n rege_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la complicibus_fw-la qui_fw-la mihi_fw-la regnum_fw-la cum_fw-la providentia_fw-la dei_fw-la destinatum_fw-la &_o beneficio_fw-la concessionis_fw-la domini_fw-la &_o cognati_fw-la mei_fw-la gloriosi_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la concessum_fw-la conati_fw-la sunt_fw-la auferre_fw-la etc._n etc._n come_v we_o now_o to_o his_o second_o son_n william_n rufus_n 5._o willielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la willielmo_n 352._o carta_n regis_fw-la willielmi_n rufi_n vide_fw-la monast_n anglican_n vol._n 1._o fol._n 352._o vicecomiti_fw-la filio_fw-la baldewini_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o ministris_fw-la qui_fw-la habitant_fw-la in_o devonescira_n salutem_fw-la notifico_fw-la vobis_fw-la quod_fw-la mea_fw-la condonatione_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la beati_fw-la olavi_n regis_fw-la &_o martyris_fw-la à _fw-la monachis_fw-la belli_fw-la aedificata_fw-la in_fw-la honore_fw-la beati_fw-la nicholai_n quam_fw-la cum_fw-la omni_fw-la terra_fw-la quae_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la suprascripti_fw-la martyris_fw-la meo_fw-la privilegio_fw-la videlicet_fw-la literis_fw-la &_o sigillo_fw-la liberam_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la liberam_fw-la &_o quietam_fw-la per_fw-la omâia_fw-la cum_fw-la saca_fw-la &_o soca_fw-la &_o thol_a &_o theme_n &_o infangenetheof_o &_o warpeni_fw-la &_o murdro_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la consuetudinibus_fw-la &_o operibus_fw-la &_o auxiliis_fw-la sicut_fw-la pater_fw-la meus_fw-la liberam_fw-la fecit_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la sancti_fw-la martini_n de_fw-la bello_fw-la ubi_fw-la hostem_fw-la devicit_fw-la &_o ubi_fw-la coronam_fw-la regni_fw-la haereditariam_fw-la sibi_fw-la bellando_fw-la adquisivit_fw-la t._n walchelino_n wintoniensi_fw-la episcopo_fw-la &_o rogero_n bigot_n apud_fw-la wintoniam_fw-la from_o william_n rufus_n proceed_v we_o to_o his_o brother_n henry_n the_o first_o and_o say_v he_o 6._o in_o nomine_fw-la sanctae_fw-la &_o individuae_fw-la 95._o exit_fw-la hist_n eliensis_n eccles_n m._n s._n in_o bibl._n bodleana_n inter_fw-la codices_fw-la cant._n l._n 58._o lib._n 3._o fol_z 2._o a._n monast_n anglican_n vol._n 1._o fol._n 95._o trinitatis_fw-la patris_fw-la &_o filii_fw-la &_o spiritus_fw-la sancti_fw-la anno_fw-la incarnationis_fw-la dominicae_fw-la mcviii_o indictione_n indictione_n anno_fw-la vero_fw-la pontificatus_fw-la domini_fw-la paschalis_n papae_fw-la secundi_fw-la â_o regni_n quoque_fw-la mei_fw-la similiter_fw-la â_o ego_fw-la henricus_fw-la providente_fw-la divina_fw-la clementia_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la &_o normannorum_fw-la dux_n willielmi_n magni_fw-la regis_fw-la filius_fw-la qui_fw-la edwardo_n regi_fw-la haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la successit_fw-la in_o regnum_fw-la etc._n etc._n 7._o again_o ego_fw-la henricus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n 845._o monast_n anglican_n vol._n 2._o fol_z 845._o rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la filius_fw-la magni_fw-la regis_fw-la willielmi_n qui_fw-la beatae_fw-la memoriae_fw-la edwardo_n in_o regnum_fw-la successit_fw-la 8._o to_o give_v you_o one_o charter_n more_o aurati_fw-la exit_fw-la ms._n domini_fw-la rogeri_n owen_n equit._n aurati_fw-la the_o word_n of_o that_o of_o henry_n the_o 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ancient_a now_o that_o these_o be_v only_o his_o norwegian_a law_n sure_o none_o can_v or_o aught_o to_o believe_v after_o they_o have_v thorough_o examine_v these_o plain_a truth_n which_o i_o shall_v here_o offer_v to_o their_o fair_a perusal_n 1._o if_o they_o please_v to_o consider_v what_o be_v the_o title_n of_o the_o law_n call_v the_o law_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o publish_v by_o mr._n selden_n with_o his_o learned_a note_n upon_o eadmer_n and_o since_o with_o the_o saxon_a law_n why_o true_o the_o title_n be_v plain_o this_o these_o be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o william_n 173._o âelden_a ad_fw-la endmerum_fw-la fol._n 173._o the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o luy_fw-fr ce_fw-fr sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr leis_n &_o les_fw-fr custumes_n que_fw-fr li_n reis_n william_n grantut_v a_o tut_o le_fw-fr âeuple_fw-fr de_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr apres_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr ice_n les_fw-fr meisme_n que_fw-fr le_fw-fr reis_n edward_n sun_n 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writ_n to_o summon_v a_o county_n court_n the_o debate_v last_v three_o day_n before_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o many_o chief_a man_n bishop_n and_o lord_n and_o other_o skilful_a in_o the_o law_n and_o the_o judgement_n pass_v for_o the_o archbishop_n lanfrank_n upon_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o freeman_n this_o county_n court_n be_v hold_v by_o special_a summons_n and_o not_o by_o adjournment_n as_o be_v allowable_a by_o the_o saxon_a law_n upon_o special_a occasion_n and_o this_o suit_n be_v original_o begin_v and_o have_v its_o final_a determination_n in_o the_o county_n court._n and_o the_o county_n court_v in_o those_o day_n be_v of_o so_o great_a esteem_n that_o two_o of_o the_o great_a peer_n of_o the_o realm_n one_o a_o norman_a the_o other_o a_o italian_a do_v cast_v a_o title_n in_o fifteen_o manor_n two_o lordship_n with_o many_o liberty_n upon_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o english_a freeholder_n in_o a_o county_n court_n and_o 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the_o hundred_o no_o distringas_fw-la to_o issue_n forth_o till_o three_o demand_n make_v in_o the_o hundred_o and_o three_o distress_n then_o to_o issue_n forth_o and_o if_o upon_o the_o four_o the_o party_n appear_v not_o execution_z then_o to_o be_v by_o sale_n of_o the_o distress_n and_o the_o complainant_n to_o receive_v satisfaction_n 3._o and_o so_o likewise_o be_v the_o court_n baron_n etc._n etc._n continue_a and_o the_o lord_n hold_v plea_n either_o in_o their_o own_o person_n or_o by_o their_o steward_n but_o not_o to_o forget_v sir_n your_o question_n i_o shall_v now_o show_v you_o what_o the_o sovereign_a court_n of_o parliament_n be_v and_o who_o it_o consist_v of_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o for_o this_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o give_v you_o any_o more_o than_o one_o instance_n which_o as_o by_o the_o way_n it_o do_v impreguable_o assert_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n be_v a_o essential_a and_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o saxon_a general_n council_n so_o do_v it_o i_o think_v full_o and_o clear_o refute_v and_o margin_n the_o anoâimous_a ãâ¦ã_o p._n 20._o ân_v the_o margin_n baffle_v that_o novel_a erroneous_a notion_n viz._n that_o there_o be_v no_o commons_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n 14._o idem_fw-la p._n 13._o 14._o nor_o any_o thing_n that_o tend_v towards_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o those_o time_n to_o have_v have_v any_o share_n in_o make_v law_n in_o those_o council_n the_o memorable_a instance_n be_v the_o mighty_a law_n of_o tithe_n which_o be_v make_v and_o ordain_v a_o rege_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la ââ_o laâââââââââpriscis_fw-la âââpriscis_z ãâã_d legiâus_n ãâã_d fol._n â39_n spelm._n ãâã_d tom._n 1._o ãâã_d ââ_o by_o the_o king_n his_o baron_n and_o his_o people_n now_o william_n the_o first_o in_o that_o little_a time_n of_o rest_n he_o have_v from_o foreign_a war_n with_o the_o french_a king_n and_o his_o neighbour_a prince_n to_o normandy_n do_v apply_v both_o it_o and_o himself_o in_o the_o settle_n of_o law_n here_o which_o be_v do_v not_o ex_fw-la plenitudine_fw-la regiae_n potestatis_fw-la no_o nor_o by_o the_o norman_a baron_n cooperate_a with_o that_o power_n but_o by_o the_o joint_a advice_n and_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o wise_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n to_o prove_v which_o i_o shall_v produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o ancient_a writer_n who_o no_o man_n of_o historical_a understanding_n can_v modest_o impeach_v of_o partiality_n faction_n or_o interest_n in_o the_o case_n in_o question_n i._o the_o first_o shall_v be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o 158._o lambard_n fol._n 158._o chronicle_n of_o litchfield_n which_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o william_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n at_o london_n consilio_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o baron_n cause_v a_o general_n meeting_n or_o assembly_n to_o be_v summon_v per_fw-la universos_fw-la angliae_fw-la comitatus_fw-la omnes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la sapientes_fw-la &_o suâ_fw-la lege_fw-la eruditos_fw-la ut_fw-la eorum_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la audiret_fw-la i._n e._n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n wise_a man_n and_o such_o as_o be_v skill_v in_o the_o law_n through_o all_o the_o county_n of_o england_n to_o hear_v what_o their_o law_n and_o custom_n be_v and_o after_o this_o be_v do_v at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o english_a community_n he_o do_v consent_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v confirm_v and_o so_o they_o be_v ratify_v and_o keep_v throughout_o all_o his_o kingdom_n the_o word_n be_v ad_fw-la preces_fw-la communitatis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la ex_fw-la illo_fw-la die_fw-la magna_fw-la authoritate_fw-la veneratae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la universum_fw-la regnum_fw-la corroboratae_fw-la &_o conservatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la leges_fw-la sancti_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la prae_fw-la caeteris_fw-la regni_fw-la legibus_fw-la from_o this_o testimony_n i_o think_v it_o will_v plain_o appear_v 1._o that_o the_o barones_n svi_fw-la here_o of_o william_n can_v absolute_o exclude_v the_o english_a and_o only_o signify_v his_o norman_a baron_n upon_o those_o authority_n and_o reason_n i_o have_v already_o offer_v to_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v equal_o barones_n francigeni_n &_o angli_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o his_o time_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o my_o argument_n under_o the_o three_o question_n 2._o that_o the_o king_n have_v by_o the_o counsel_n of_o these_o his_o baron_n summon_v all_o the_o nobility_n wise_a man_n and_o those_o that_o be_v skill_v in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n throughout_o all_o the_o county_n of_o england_n he_o then_o and_o there_o ratify_v and_o confirm_v the_o law_n of_o st._n edward_n 3._o and_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o nobility_n wise_a man_n and_o able_a lawyer_n be_v a_o parliament_n i_o shall_v now_o give_v you_o the_o judgement_n of_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o own_o word_n 580._o selâen's_n tit._n of_o hon._n f._n 580._o which_o be_v these_o viz._n that_o william_n the_o first_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n or_o mlxx._n which_o be_v the_o year_n wherein_o he_o first_o bring_v the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n under_o the_o tenure_n of_o barony_n consilio_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la say_v hoveden_n lond._n hoveden_n in_o hen._n 2._o p._n 343._o e._n lond._n out_o of_o a_o collection_n of_o law_n write_v by_o glanvill_n fecit_fw-la summoniri_fw-la per_fw-la universos_fw-la consulatus_fw-la angliae_fw-la anglos_n nobiles_fw-la &_o sapientes_fw-la &_o sva_fw-la lege_fw-la eruditos_fw-la ut_fw-la eorum_fw-la jura_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la ab_fw-la ipsis_fw-la audiret_fw-la and_o twelve_o be_v return_v out_o of_o every_o county_n who_o show_v what_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v which_o be_v write_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o aldred_n archbishop_n of_o york_n and_o hugo_n bishop_n of_o london_n be_v with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o same_o baron_n for_o the_o most_o part_n confirm_v in_o that_o assembly_n which_o be_v a_o parliament_n of_o that_o time._n and_o a_o little_a low_o he_o say_v this_o may_v be_v the_o same_o parliament_n wherein_o the_o controversy_n between_o thomas_n archbishop_n of_o york_n he_o be_v consecrate_v after_o the_o death_n of_o aldred_n the_o same_o year_n and_o to_o the_o same_o year_n this_o controversy_n be_v attribute_v and_o vlstan_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n touch_v certain_a possession_n be_v determine_v so_o that_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o observe_v that_o 1._o there_o be_v english_a man_n in_o this_o council_n by_o the_o word_n anglos_n nobiles_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o 2._o beside_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o st._n edward_n here_o mention_v it_o may_v reasonable_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o law_n for_o bring_v the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n under_o the_o tenure_n of_o barony_n be_v first_o make_v in_o this_o parliament_n and_o that_o 3._o likewise_o the_o great_a case_n