Gouernours those things being in action till May. Then came newes that the Crim Tartars had entred the borders thinking to find all things troubled with an interregne whereupon he assembled an Armie of three hundred thousand and went in person against them But the Tartars hearing how things went returned home and sent Embassadors to the Emperours Tents Hee returned with them to Mosco where the next September which is the beginning of the Russian New yeere which enters in other places with Ianuary following hee was publikely blessed by the Patriarke carrying a golden Crosse in his hand and on the fourteenth of September before the Knazeys Boiarens Bishops and other Orders had the Crowne set on his head by the Patriarke and the Scepter put in his hand with the Solemnitie in such cases accustomed Twelue dayes together all Orders were feasted in the Castle and the Magistrates and Officers had a yeeres pay giuen them Merchants also of other Countries had Immunities and Priuiledges granted The Rustickes had their payments to their Boiarens reasonably rated and their persons made more free Germane Merchants had moneyes lent them to repay seuen yeeres after without Vsurie Widdowes and Orphans and poorer persons receiued much Almes Pheodores Obsequies were solemnely performed and the Priests richly rewarded and that Empire which seemed dead with the death of the house of Beala now was as it were reuiued and receiued a glorious Resurrection Thus haue we deliuered you Thuanas his report touching Boris manner of acquiring the Empire without publike enuie and cunning wiping off the aspersions of Pheodore and Demetrius their deaths And as euery bodie is nourished by Aliments correspondent to the Principles of the Generation so did hee seeke by politike wisdome to establish that which by wise Policies he had gotten Wherein his care was not little to multiply Treasure and as at first hee had seemed popularly prodigall so after a small time of his Reigne hee became prouidently penurious the wonted allowances of the Court being much shortened from that which had beene in former times as I haue receiued from eye-eye-witnesses Likewise he was carefull to hold good tearmes with his Neighbouring Princes and aswell by plots at home as by forreigne Aliance indeuoured to settle on his Race this new gotten Empire He is said for this end to haue sought a Wife for his sonne out of England and a Husband for his Daughter out of Denmarke His Wife was a woman of haughtie spirit who thought her too good for any Hollop so they call a slaue and such she esteemed all the subjects and on such tearmes she is said to haue beene denied to a great man his best Souldier and Commander of his Armie But while his Sunne shined now in the height of his course and with brightest and warmest beames of prosperitie there arose grosse vapours out of Demetrius his graue which grew quickly into a blacke darke cloud and not only eclipsed that Imperiall glorie but soone engendred a blondie storme which with a floud swept away that whole Family and ouer-whelmed also the whole Empire Contraries set together cause the greater lustre for which cause I will bring on the stage a Gentleman which attended Sir Thomas Smith employed in Honourable Embassage from his Maiestie of Great Brittaine to the then flourishing Emperor Boris and out of his large Relations deliuer you this which followeth in his owne words omitting the most part to our purpose not so pertinent in the Booke printed Anno 1605. §. II. Occurrents of principall Note which happened in Russia in the time while the Honourable Sir THOMAS SMITH remayned there Embassador from his Maiestie SIr Thomas Smith Knight accompanied with Sir T. Challenor and Sir W. Wray Knights diuers Gentlemen and his owne Attendants repayred to the Court on the tenth of Iune 1604. then lying at Greenwich where by the Right Honourable the Earle of Salisburie he was brought to His Majestis presence kissed his Hand c. The next day he tooke leaue of the Prince and on the twelfth being furnished with his Commission he came to Grauesend and next morning went aboord the Iohn and Francis Admirall and the two and twentieth of Iuly anchored within a mile of the Archangell The sixteenth of September hee came to Vologda the fiue and twentieth to Perislawe and there staid three dayes and then departed to Troites that faire and rich Monasterie so to Brattesheen and Rostouekin fiue versts from the great Citie of Musco The fourth of October the Prestaue came and declared the Emperours pleasure that hee should come into the Mosco that forenoone presently after came Master I. Mericke Agent with some twentie Horses to attend his Lordship which forth-with was performed Then we did ride til we came within a little mile of the many thousands of Noblemen and Gentlemen on both sides the way attended on horsebacke to receiue his Lordship Where the Embassadour alighted from his Coach and mounted on his foot-cloth Horse and so rode on with his Trumpets sounding A quarter of a mile farther met him a proper and gallant Gentleman a-foot of the Emperours stable who with Cap in hand declared to the Embassadour that the Emperour the young Prince and the Master of the Horse had so farre fauoured him as to send him a Iennet very gorgeously trapped with Gold Pearle and Precious Stone and particularly a great Chaine of plated Gold about his necke to ride vpon Whereupon the Embassador alighted imbraced the Gentleman returned humble thankes to them all and presently mounted Then he declared that they likewise had sent horses for the Kings Gentlemen which likewise were very richly adorned then for all his followers which Ceremonie or State performed and all being horsed he departed we riding orderly forward till wee were met by three great Noblemen seuered from the rest of the multitude and the Emperours Tolmache or Interpreter with them They being within speech thus began that Oration they could neuer well conclude Which was That from their Lord and Master the mightie Emperour of Russia c. they had a message to deliuer his Lordship The Embassadour then thinking they would be tedious and troublesome with their vsuall Ceremonies preuented their farther speech with this to them a Spell That it was vnfitting for Subiects to hold discourse in that kind of complement of two such mightie and renowmed Potentates on horsebacke They hereby not only put by their Ceremonious Saddle-sitting but out of their Paper instructions allighted suddenly as men fearing they were halfe vnhorsed and the Embassadour presently after them comming very courteously all three saluting the Embassadour and the Kings Gentlemen taking them by the hands Thus like a Scholer too old to learne by rote the Duke named King Volladamur Euanywich Mawsolskoy with his Lesson before him declared his message which was that he with the other two Noblemen were sent from the Great Lord Emperour and great Duke Boris Phedorowich selfe-vpholder great Lord
thousand The Horse-men are all Archers with such Bowes as the Turkes haue and they ride short as doe the Turkes Their Armour is a Coate of Plate with a skull on their heads Some of their Coates are couered with Veluet or Cloth of God their desire is to be sumptuous in the field and especially the Nobles and Gentlemen as I haue heard their trimming is very costly and partly I haue seene it or else I would scarcely haue beleeued it but the Duke himselfe is richly attyred aboue all measure his Pauilion is couered eyther with Cloth of Gold or Siluer and so set with stones that it is wonderfull to see it I haue seene the Kings Maiesties of England and the French Kings Pauilions which are faire yet not like vnto his And when they be sent into farre or strange Countries or that strangers come to them they be very gorgeous Else the Duke himselfe goeth but meanly in apparell and when hee goeth betwixt one place and another hee is but reasonably apparelled ouer other times In the while that I was in Mosco the Duke sent two Ambassadours to the King of Pâ—leland which had at the left fiue hundred Horses their sumptuousnesse was aboue measure not onely in themselues but also in their Horses as Veluet Cloth of Gold and Cloth of Siluer set with Pearles and not scant What shall I further say I neuer heard of nor saw men so sumptuous but it is no daily guize for when they haue not occasion as I said before all their doing is but meane And now to the effect of their Warres They are men without all order in the field For they run hurling on heaps and for the most part they neuer giue battayle to their Enemies but that which they do they do it all by stealth But I beleeue they be such men for hard liuing as are not vnder the Sunne for no cold will hurt them Yea and though they lye in the field two moneths at such time as it shall freeze more then a yard thicke the common Souldier hath neither Tent nor any thing else ouer his head the most defence they haue against the weather is a Felt which is set against the wind and weather and when Snow commeth he doth cast it off and maketh him a fire and layeth him downe thereby Thus doe the most of all his men except they be Gentlemen which haue other prouision of their owne Their lying in the field is not so strange as is their hardnesse for euery man must carrie and make prouision for himselfe and his Horse for a moneth or two which is very wonderfull For hee himselfe shall liue vpon water and Oate-meale mingled together cold and drinke water thereto his Horse shall eate greene wood and such like baggage and shall stand open in the cold field without couert and yet will hee labour and serue him right well I pray you amongst all our boasting Warriours how many should we find to endure the field with them but one moneth I know no such Region about vs that beareth that name for man and beast Now what might bee made of these men if they were trayned and broken to order and knowledge of Ciuill Warres if this Prince had within his Countries such men as could make them to vnderstand the things aforesaid I doe beleeue that two of the best or greatst Princes in Christendome were not well able to match with him considering the greatnesse of his power and the hardnesse of his people and straight liuing both of people and Horse and the small charges which his Wars stand him in for he giueth no wages except to strangers They haue a yearely stipend and not much As for his owne Countreymen euery one serueth of his owne proper costs and charges sauing that hee giueth to his Harquebusiers certayne allowance for Powder and shot or else no man in all his Countrey hath one penie wages But if any man hath done very good seruice he giueth him a Ferme or a piece of Land for the which he is bound at all times to be readie with so many men as the Duke shall appoint who considereth in his minde what that Land or Ferme is well able to find and so many shall he be bound to furnish at all and euery such time as Warres are holden in any of the Dukes Dominions For there is no man of liuing but he is bound likewise whether the Duke call for eyther Souldier or Labourer to furnish them with all such necessaries as to them belong Also if any Gentleman or man of liuing doe dye without Issue Male immediately after his death the Duke entreth his Land notwithstanding he haue neuer so many Daughters and peraduenture giueth it forth-with to another man except a small portion that he spareth to marry the Daughters withall Also if there be a Rich man a Fermour or man of Liuing which is stricken in age or by chance is maymed and be not able to doe the Duke seruice some other Gentleman that is not able to liue and more able to doe seruice will come to the Duke and complaine saying your Grace hath such an one which is vnmeete to doe seruice to your Highnesse who hath great abundance of wealth and likewise your Grace hath many Gentlemen which are poore and lacke liuing and we that lacke are well able to doe good seruice your Grace might doe well to looke vpon him and make him to helpe those that want Immediately the Duke sendeth forth to inquire of his wealth and if it be so proued hee shall be called before the Duke and it shall bee said vnto him Friend you haue too much liuing and are vnseruiceable to your Prince lesse will serue you and the rest will serue other men that are more able to serue Whereupon immediately his liuing shall be taken away from him sauing a little to find himselfe and his Wife on and he may not once repine thereat but for answere hee will say that hee hath nothing but it is Gods and the Dukes Graces and cannot say as wee the common people in England say if wee haue any thing that it is Gods and our owne Men may say that these men are in wonderfull great awe and obedience that thus one must giue and grant his goods which he hath beene scraping and scratching for all his life to be at his Princes pleasure and commandement Oh that our sturdie Rebels were had in the like subiection to know their dutie toward their Princes They may not say as some Snudges in England say I would find the Queene a man to serue in my place or make his Friends tarrie at home if many haue the vpper hand No no it is not so in this Countrey for he shall make humble sute to serue the Duke And whom he sendeth most to the Warres hee thinketh he is most in his fauour and yet as I before haue said he giueth no wages If they knew
their strength no man were able to make match with them for they that dwell neere them should haue any rest of them But I thinke it is not Gods will For I may compare them to a young Horse that knoweth not his strength whom a little Child ruleth and guideth with a bridle for all his great strength for if he did neither Child nor man could rule him Their Warres are holden against the Crimme Tartarians and the Nagayans I will stand no longer in the rehearsall of their power and Warres For it were to tedious to the Reader But I will in part declare their Lawes and Punishments and the execution of Iustice. And first I will begin with the Commons of the Countrey which the Gentlemen haue rule on And that is that euery Gentleman hath Rule and Iustice vpon his owne Tenants And if it so fall out that two Gentlemens Seruants or Tenants doe disagree the two Gentlemen examine the matter and haue the parties before them and so giue the Sentence And yet cannot they make the end betwixt them of the Controuersie but eâ—ther of the Gentlemen must bring his Seruant or Tenant before the high Iudge or Iustice of that Countrey and there present them and declare the matter and case The Plaintiffe saith I require the Law which is granted then commeth an Officer and arresteth the partie Defendant and vseth him contrary to the Lawes of England For when they attach any man they heate him about the legs vntill such time as he findeth Sureties to answere the matter And if not his hands and necke are bound together and hee is led about the Towne and beaten about the legs with other extreme punishments till he come to his Answere And the Iustice demandeth if it bee for Debt and sayth Owest thou this man any such Debt He will perhaps say nay Then saith the Iudge Art thou able to deny it Let vs heare how By Oath saith the Defendant Then he commandeth to leaue beating him till further tryall be had Their order in one point is commendable They haue no man of Law to plead their Causes in any Court but euery man pleadeth his owne Cause and giueth Bill and Answere in writing contrary to the order in England The Complaint is in manner of a Supplication and made to the Dukes Grace and deliuered him into his owne hand requiring to haue Iustice as in his Complaint is alleaged The Duke giueth sentence himselfe vpon all matters in the Law Which is very commendable that such a Prince will take paines to see ministration of Iustice. Yet notwithstanding it is wonderfully abused and thereby the Duke is much deceiued But if it fall out that the Officers be espied in cloking the truth they haue most condigne punishment And if the Plaintiffe can nothing proue then the Defendant must take his Oath vpon the Crucifixe whether he be in the right or no. Then is demanded if the Plaintiffe bee any thing able further to make proofe if he be not then sometimes he will say I am able to proue it by my body and hands or by my Champions body so requiring the Campe. After the other hath his Oath it is granted as well to the one as to the other So when they goe to the field they sweare vpon the Crucifixe that they bee both in the right and that the one shall make the other to confesse the truth before they depart foorth of the field and so they goe both to the battell armed with such weapons as they vse in that Countrey they fight all on foot and seldome the parties themselues doe fight except they bee Gentlemen for they stand much vpon their reputation for they will not fight but with such as are come of as good an house as themselues So that if either partie require the combate it is granted vnto them and no Champion is to serue in their roome wherein is no deceit but otherwise by champions there is For although they take great oathes vpon them to doe the battell truely yet is the contrary often seene because the common Champions haue no other liuing And assoone as the one partie hath gotten the victorie hee demandeth the debt and the other is carryed to Prison and there is shamefully vsed till hee take order There is also another order in the Law that the plaintiffe may sweare in some causes of debt And if the partie defendant bee poore hee shall be set vnder the Crucifixe and the partie plaintiffe must sweare ouer his head and when hee hath taken his oath the Duke taketh the partie defendant home to his house and vseth him as his bond-man and putteth him to labour or letteth him for hire to any such as neede him vntill such time as his friends make prouision for his redemption or else hee remayneth in bondage all the dayes of his life Againe there are many that will sell themselues to Gentlemen or Merchants to bee their bond men to haue during their life meate drinke and cloath and at their comming to haue a piece of money yea and some will sell their wiues and children to be bawds and drudges to the buyer Also they haue a Law for Fellons and pickers contrary to the Lawes of England For by their Law they can hang no man for his first offence but may keepe him long in Prison and oftentimes beate him with whips and other punishment and there hee shall remaine vntill his friends bee able to bayle him If hee be a picker or a cut-purse as there bee very many the second time he is taken hee hath a piece of his Nose cut off and is burned in the fore-head and kept in prison till he finde sureties for his good behauiour And if hee be taken the third time he is hanged And at the first time hee is extreamely punished and not released except he haue very good friends or that some Gentleman require to haue him to the warres And in so doing hee shall enter into great bonds for him by which meanes the Countrey is brought into good quietnesse But they bee naturally giuen to great deceit except extreame beating did bridle them They bee naturally giuen to hard liuing as well in fare as in lodging I heard a Russian say that it was a great deale merrier liuing in Prison then foorth but for the great beating For they haue meate and drinke without any labour and get the charitie of well disposed people But being at libertie they get nothing The poore is very innumerable and liue most miserably for I haue seene them eate the pickle of Herring and other stinking Fish nor the Fish cannot bee so stinking nor rotten but they will eate it and praise it to bee more wholesome then other fish or fresh meate In mine opinion there bee no such people vnder the Sunne for their hardnesse of liuing Well I will leaue them in this point and will in part declare their Religion
liking Englands fertilitie better then that their own sterilitâ—e and rockie barrennesse 〈◊〉 by force of warres often to conquer that which would not be peaceably yeelded till King Edward a maintainer of peace with consent of the Kingdâ—me permitted them to dwell heere at pleasure as sworne brethren to the English Octher subiect and seruant to King Alfrâ—d aboue seuen hundred yeeres since related to his said Lord 〈◊〉 voyage from Heâ—golaâ—â— where he then dwelt to the North Cape and as probable circumstances argue along the coast to the Bay of Saint Nicolas Aedgar that famous founder of Monasteries is said by Ranulphuâ— Cestâ—ensis to haue in annuall vse foure thousand ships and by Flores Historiarum foure thousand eight hundred 〈◊〉 yeerely to compasse this Iland with his Nauie quadripartite twelue hundred in the East as many in the West and like proportions on the North and on the South coasts to secure the Seas and secure his subiects And in the Charter of the foundation of the Cathedrall Church of Worcester he vseth these words Mihi autem concessit propitia diuinitas 〈◊〉 Anglorum Imperio omnia Regnâ— Insularium Oceani cum suis fercissimis Regibus vsque Norwegiaâ—â— Maximamque partem Hyberniae cum sua nobilissima ciuitate Dubliâ—ia Anglorum Regno subiâ—gâ—re c. Hee also stiles himselfe King and Emperour of the Ocean and the Hands about Britaine beginning Ego Aedgâ—rus Anglorum Basileus omâ—iâ—mque Regum Insularum Oceaniâ—â—â— Britannium circumiacentis cunctarumque Nationum quae infra eam includuntur Imperator Dominus So potent was he first of the English Kings for Arthur was a Briton by his strong shipping and well manned and mannaged Nauie Florentius Wigorniensis stileth him â—los decâ—â—s antecessâ—rum Regum Pacificus Rex Aedgarus non minâ—â— memorabâ—lis Anglis quà m Romulâ—s Rowanis Cyrus Persis Alexander Macedonibus Arsaces Parthis Carolus Magnus Francis and addeth as before is notified 〈…〉 3600. 〈◊〉 sibi congregauerat naues ex quibus Paschali emensa 〈…〉 Anno 1200. In orientali 1200. in occidentalâ— 1200. in Sepâ—â—â—trionali insulae plaga coadunare ad occidentalâ—◠〈◊〉 orientali classe illa remissa ad borealem cum occidentali ipsaque remâ—ssa cum boreali ad orienâ—alem classem remigare eoque modo totam insulam omni aestate consueuerat cincumnauigare viriliter hoc agens ad defensionem contra exteros Regni sui suum sisorumque ad bellicos vsus exercitium Both Florentius and Malmesbury and Mat. Westminster record that hee sitting at the Sterne was rowed by eight Kings his Tributaries Kined King of Scots Macolm of Cumberland Macon of Man and many Ilands Dufnal of Dâ—metia Siferth and Howel Kings of Wales Iacob King of Galwales and Iukil of Westmar hauing the same day there met at his summons and sworne fealtie and assistance to him by Sea and Land These rowed him in the Riuer Dee to the Monastery from his Palace and thence after seruice backe againe So rightly did he instile himselfe in his Charter to Malmesbury Ego Aedgarus totius Albionis Basileus nec non 〈…〉 Regum circumhabitantium c. HONDIVS his Map of NORVVEGIA and SVETIA SVECIA ET Norwegia 〈◊〉 And such was the Danish tyranny that euery Dane was stiled Lord Dane and had at his commandement the wiues daughters and the whole houshold where hee became But after the death of Hardicanutus that title was turned into the reproachfull terme of Lurdane and the day of his death as the Roman Fugalia was celebrated with open pastime and feasting in the streets called Hocktide or Hucktide as if England then absolutely freed made a mocke or scorne of her enemies Canutus by treason of Eadrike Streona obtained the Kingdome first as partner with Edmund Ironside and after his death the whole by other perfidie slaying Eadwy brother of King Edmund and sending Edmunds two sonnes Edward and Edmund to the King of Sweden to be there made away But hee hating such crueltie sent them to Salomon King of Hâ—ngary to bring vp where Edmund dyed and Edward married Agatha daughter of Henry the Emperour by whom hee had Aedgar Athling and Margaret married to Malcolm King of Scots the mother of Maud wife to Henry the first and Christine a Nun. Canutus diuided the Kingdome into foure parts of which hee reserued West Saxonie to himselfe East England hee committed to Earle Turkill Mercia to Duke Edrike and Northumberland to Earle Erike Soone after he caused Duke Edrike which treacherously had aduanced him to the Crowne to bee slaine a iust reward of treason and then banished Earle Turkill and Earle Erike picking quarrell with them weary of any stalking horses the former of which was presently after his landing in Denmarke slain And now did Canutus seeke to win the fauour of the English by building and endowing Monasteries making good Lawes and marrying Emma the relict of King Ethelred Thus hauing Denmarke by inheritance and England by conquest treachery his ambition next aimed at Sweden where first he had the worse but after compelled Vlf and Eiglaf the Kings of that Countrie to composition with him Earle Godwin the Generall of the English prouoking and animating the English to recouer their pristine glory and by solid vertue to ouercome them who had ouercome their new Lord whose fortune had subiected the English Thus Canutus preuailed by Godwines policie and English valour they by night without the Kings knowledge or assistance of the Danish Armie assaulting and ouerthrowing the Swedens hee the next day missing the English and fearing they had turned to the Enemy till giuing the onset with his Danes vpon the forsaken Campe of the Enemy he found there nothing but carkasses and spoyle Anno 1027. hauing intelligence that the Norwegians contemned their King Olaue for his simplicitie he sent great summes of Gold and Siluer to the Grandes of Norway to corrupt them and caused them to reject Olaue and to choose him for their King For peruerted with gifts they sent him word to come to them whom he should find readie to entertayne him An. 1028. he went with a fleet of fifty sayle to Norway and expelled Olaue subjecting that Kingdome to himselfe Olaue which had beene the King Doctor Preacher and Apostle of the Norwegians as Florilegus stileth him the sonne of Harald King of Norway was slayne Anno 1030. and cruelly butchered by his treacherous Norwegians with an Axe or Hatchet for disanulling their Pagan superstitions and hee since is there superstitiously worshipped for a Saint whom then trayterously they permitted not to reigne or breathe The same yeere perished at Sea or as some say was slayne in one of the Orcades Earle Hacun whom Canutus fearing had banished in colour of sending him Embassadour His greatnesse hauing to wife his sisters daughter made him grow suspicious And according to the deuotion of that time Anno 1031. Canutus or Cunto went to Rome on Pilgrimage and there made magnificent
couenants and agreements the Generall Sandamersko himselfe hath confessed to our Maiestie and Nobles that the foresaid agreements and couenants betwixt him and the foresaid Gryshca were true and how that they trusted one to another moreouer the Palatine did certifie vnto our Nobles how Gryshca sent him a Letter vnder his owne hand and Seale in which he promised to giue him Smolensko with all the Prouinces belonging thereto and another place called Seeuerow as also gaue him liberty to set vp Monasteries and the Religion of the Church of Rome Further there was found by him Letters which were sent to him from the Pope of Rome and the Cardinals and Priests to that effect that he should remember and withall be mindefull to take in hand speedily those matters and businesse vpon which he had giuen to Sigismund and the Cardinals his troth and vow the which was as beforesaid to be himselfe of the Romish Religion as also to bring all the people of the Kingdome of Russia into the same Romish Religion not onely them that of themselues were willing thereto but also others by compulsion and to put them to death that fought to contrary the same And not onely them of the Kingdome of Russia but likewise other godly people of seuerall Religion and that doe serue in the Kingdome of Mosco as the Catholicks and the Caluinists them likewise he should seeke to bring into the Romish Religion with all perswasions Moreouer Gryshca himselfe before vs and our Nobles and Courtiers and before our Commons did acknowledge as much and thereupon yeelded himselfe to be in fault as also that he did all with helpe of the Diuell hauing forsaken God For which these his vile actions this Gryshca according to the true iustice receiued an end to his life and was by abundance of people slain in the Mosco where he lay three dayes in the midst of the Citie to the view of all such like vsurpers and disturbers And because his body was loathsome vnto vs we caused it to be carried out of the Citie and there to be burnt This Enemie thus hauing ended his life then the Kings sonnes of diuers Countries now dwelling within our Kingdome with the Patriarke Metropolitanes Archbishops and Bishops with the Nobles Courtiers and the Commons made entreaty vnto vs Vasili Euanowich to raigne and gouerne ouer them and ouer all the Kingdome of Mosco as their Lord Emperour and great Duke of all Russia According to which entreatie made vnto vs by the said Kings sons of diuers Countries as likewise by our Nobles Courtiers Merchants and all the rest of the Commons of all the Kingdome of Mosco Wee are come to the great Kingdomes of Volodemar Mosco Nouogrod and as also of the Kingdomes of Cazan Astracan and Siberia and ouer all the Prouinces of the Empire of Mosco as also wee the great Lord Emperour and great Duke of all Russia are crowned with our Imperiall Crown and for the said Kings sonnes of diuers Religions and our Nobles Courtiers and Souldiers and all manner of People doe serue our Imperiall Maiesty with desire and good liking voluntarily and not by delusions and coniurations as the Poles and Lettoes were bewitched by Grishca But we the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Vasili Euanowich with great care stayed and restrayned our People from the spoyle of the Poles and the Lettoes defending them from death and withall haue commanded to let goe many of them into Poland and Letto but the chiefest of them that were of the Councell and that practised to bring trouble and dissention in the Kingdome of Mosco are now taken And we to doe an honour vnto the dead body of the true Demetrie haue vpon conference with our Metropolitanes Archbishops and Bishops and all the holy Assembly our Nobles and Courtiers and all the Kingdome of Mosco sent to the Citie of Owglets a Metropolitan named Filareta of Rostoue and Yeraslaue who was called before he was made Metropolitan Theodor Neekete which being one of the Nobles in times past and with him the Archbishops of Astracan called Feodosia and our Nobles the Duke Euan Michalowich Vorotinskoy with the rest of his fellowes commanding them to bring vp with them the body of the Prince Demetrie Euanowich who was murthered by the appointment of Boris Godonoue and to bring it vp to our Citie of Mosco with great honour which body shall be buried in the principall Church of Mosco called Michael the Archangel neare to his father the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Euan Vasilowich of famous memorie and by Gods power his body shall not be touched or abused any manner of way Likewise will we by the fauour of God honour the Funerall of Demetrie Euanowich with speciall solemnitie which body performeth many cures and worketh miraculously vnto them that come to him with Faith to be cured of their diseases And now most louing and deare brother wee calling well to minde the great amitie and friendship that was betwixt the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Euan Vasilywich and his Sonne Theodor Euanowich the Emperour Boris and the great Lady Queene Elizabeth the like brotherly loue doe we desire to haue with you most louing and deare brother to be established and continued betwixt vs as it was with them during our liues Therefore may it please you our louing brother Iames King of England after the hearing of these great and strange dangers past to reioyce with vs that he hath deliuered from such a vile enemy and that he our mercifull God hath diuided and scattered that wicked counsell and that he hath turned their cruelty vpon their owne head to their shame and confusion And concerning your Merchants that were in our Kingdome Iohn Merricke with his fellowes we haue graced them with our Emperiall presence as also haue giuen vnto the said Iohn Merricke and his fellowes a new priuiledge and Letters of fauour by which they shall come into our Kingdome and to traficke with all manner of goods freely without paying any Custome whatsoeuer and as to them was granted in former time and this fauour we haue giuen them to manifest vnto you our louing Brother our Brotherly loue And the reason that we haue not sent to you louing brother our Embassadour is because we had not time in regard of many our Emperiall affaires but hereafter doe purpose to send to visite you in your Kingdome Written at our Emperiall palace and Citie of Mosco from the beginning of the World Anno 7114. the fourth day of Iune Thus is Demetrius painted out by his Enemies which perhaps were not altogether led with simplicitie of truth but in many things made him worse that they might make their owne cause bad enough to appeare better They tell also of great outrages committed by the Poles like those sometimes here in England by the Danes their proud insulting ouer the men rauishments of women fetching them out of their houses and
vertues the best how knowne how bred in the beast an admirable thing of their growing 969.10.20 see also 878.40 Bialogrod in Moldauia taken by the Turkes 633. Bigaypotim the Chinois Father of Gods 269.20 Bihaos a tree of Indiâ— the vse 984.50 Bildih in Mediâ— â—45 Variation of the Compasse there 246.20 Bils of Exchange to bee receiued in Heauen 271. 277.1 Bi r a Castle in Syria 123.50 Birch tree a Wine made of it 231.10 Birch tree onely growes in Island of a fragrant sent 649.30 Bird with a Looking-glasse on his head 1021.10 Birds of the West Indies 979. c. 995 Birds without feet how they fit others as small as Bees 965.20 Birds breeding in the frozen Cliffes 513.10 Not afraid of men their manner of Nests and laying ibid. Birds that dispeopled a Countrey 254.1 Birds and fishes bought to let go 271 10 Birth-day of their Prince the Tartars yearely obserue 84.30 The solemnitie of it 84.30 His Subiects send Presents to him 84.40 Birth-dayes Festiuall in China 202.10 394.1.180.60.374 60 Biscayners fish at Greenland forbidden by the English 717.50 718.719 Bishops in Russia sometimes chosen out of the Nobilitie 769 20. 791.10 Bishopâ— of Russia be fix their Iurisdiction 446.40 Their Gentlemen Commissaries ibid. Their 〈◊〉 their Chapter of Priests or Synod ibid. Their Reuenues and their Habit 447.1 Elected by the Emperour 〈◊〉 of them chosen out of Monasteries vnmarried and shorâ—e ibid. They preach but twice a yeare their Sermon ibid. Bishops of Island 645.30 Bishops of Island vnder the Archbishop of Nidrosia in Norway 651.30 Bishop of Groneland ibid. Bâ—snagar the greatnesse of the King 138.30 Bittacle in a ship what 582. marg Bitter a Sea 〈◊〉 what 565. marg Bitumen in a Myne of Cuba ships talked and houses built with it 994.1 Blacke sheepe preferred by the Tartars 441.50 Blacke Foxe the chiefe Furre of Russia 748. c. Blacke Point 474.50 Blacke Carpet at the Coronation of the Great Chan 111.30 Blacians or Hacians an olde people where 18.60 Whence descended 19.1 Blesse the Greeke Bishops doe with two fingers 445.50 Blessed bee the Lord God of Israel vsed in the Russian Seruice 450 40 Blinghead in Orkney 827.40 Bloud dranke at a peace-making 285.1 Bloud rained 198.30 Bloud-letting in India the manner 992.10 Bloud-letting for the Deuils seruice in Mexico 1014. 1035.30 Blubber is the fat of Whales 470.60 The Blue Sea 234.10 Boats of fish skins and bones excellent 610 Boats of Seale-skins 817.60 Boats on Russia of hollow trees 777 20 Boats of Groneland swifter then ships 835. Sewed with sinewes or guts ibid. Bocara or Boghar in Bactria 66.10 in marg Boghar a Citie in Bactria 239.10 Persian tongue spoken there ibid. The Priest deposes the King ibid. King not aboue three yeares 239 50. The Copper money there ibid. The commodities sold at Boghar 240.20 The Citie besieged 241 10 Boghar or Burgauia 312.10 Bogus or Hispanis the Riuer in Podolia 632.10 Runs into Boristenes 633 Bohemia entred by the Tartars 61.1 Bothol the Iland 285.30 Bondage for debt the manner of it 217.10 Voluntary for pure need ibid. Bones feasting one another each New Moone 275.20 Peoples Oblations to these bones ibid. Bonzi of China their dotages 346.1 Bonzi are inferiour to the Mandarines 347. Held the basest people of China 359.20 Bonzi the Iaponian Priests 323 50. A Military order of them ibid. Bookes made of the leaues of trees in New Spaine 1052.10 Boots an Ensigne of Magistrates in China and the Ceremony about them 333.10 Boots the Bryde in Russia pulls off the Brydegroomes and the Ceremonie of that 230.10 Boots and Shoes embroydered in China 176.60 Shoes of Straw 177.1 Borichen the Ilâ— by Hispaniola 998 30 Boris Pheodorowich his great Offices Reuenues in Russia 742 10. His Present to Queene Elizabeth 743.60 His power 744 40. And policie to become popular 745. Made Emperour ibid. Modestly refuses the Empire Accepts it 745. His Wife Son and Daughter Coronation Expedition against the Crim Tartars His policies The beginning of his disasters Seekes a Wife for his Sonne out of England 746 Desires a league with King Iames. Dies suddenly Would bee new Christned before his death 751. His care of his Sonne policies c. 752. His Wife and Son poysoning themselues the Daughter liues 753.50 His Patent to the English Muscouie Merchants 754. Reports of his death diuers 757.1 Buriall ibid. Boristhenes the course of it 633 20 Bornaholm consigned to the Lubeckers 631 Botta a strange head tire of the Tartarian women 6.60 7.1 Bougiusky sometimes Secretary to Dâ—metrius of Russia almost starued there Relieued by the English 780.40 Escapes into England and is relieued 782.10 Boy of Clay wrestling and playing trickes with a liuing Boy 349.40 Boyes of Mexico their bold hunting of Serpents 1043.10 Boyes put betimes to earne their liuings 105.20 Boyling Fountaines in Groneland 751.40 Boyling meates in Gourds by casting in a burning stone to the liquor 922.10 Boxe of curious art wrought in Iapon 325 Bralapisacon a Hauen 253.20 Bramble-berries cure the loosenesse 517.1 Brames the people Lords of Pâ—gu c. Rich in Gold and Rubies 169.40 Bramenes most true Merchants 105.50 They liue a hundred and fifty yeares ibid. Their Discipline ibid. Bramenes are Witches The names of their Gods which they worship 166.30 40. Themselues yet aliue are worshipped for Gods 166 50 Their authority ibid. Their degrees of Religious men 167.1 Branding of Theeues in China 395.20 Branding for Theft in Island 651 10 Brasile would not grow at Venice 104.1 Brasile Prouince the latitude discouery temperature soyle chiefe Traffique Plantations by Portugals and their Latitudes their Ports Riuers c. And their Latitudes â—03 Braslaro in Podolia 632.10 Brazen Serpent and the Mystery of that represented in China strangely 274.10 Bread the Tartars mocke vs for eating it 232.50 Bread the Chinois eate not commonly 365.40 Rice sodden instead of it ibid. Bread of Wheate without crust how made 365.50 Bread of Straw in China 230.50 Bread very bitter in Ormuz 72.1 Bread of Roots and barke 416.1 Bread made of fish sod and dryed 537.40 Bread of the West Indies 953.954 Bread sodden in the reeke of water 365.50 Bread baked in Oxe dung or in Horse dâ—ng 34.30 Bread Corne vnknowne in Island 646.30 Bread and drinke none where 223.20 Breaking the Scutcheons or day of mourning 252.40 Breath holden halfe an houre together 953.1 Brewing with Holy-water in Russia 456.1 Bribery in course of Iustice how preuented in China 185.10 Brickes preferred before stone in China 34.20 Bridge an admirable one 295.30 299.50 89.1 199.30 Bridge made with men purposely kild 628 Bridge of naturall stone 990.30 Bridges of Straw 1056.30 Bridges of Haire and Straw where 934.50 Bridges 12000. In one City 98 Bridges see Toll M. Briggs his Treatise about the probabilities of the North-west Passage 852 Brimstone euery where digged in Island 648.10 649.20 Bâ—ises see East winds 858.30 A Philosophicall reason for them ibid.
Boris his time 750.1 A false Victorie ouer him bruited at Mosco His Letters to the Nobilitie at Mosco after the death of Boris 752. His Messengers tortured 753.20 Acknowledged for the true Dâ—metrius by a Priuie Counsellour ibid. 40. His pretences 755.60 His Ayde from the Pope and Poland 756. Makes himselfe knowne first to the Iesuites in Poland 576 10. The Conditions of Assistance Is ayded by Poland his first fortunes A Priests bastard his prayer before any Battell is defeated and defeates Some places yeeld to him 757. His proffer to Boris refused hee and Boris impeach one another of Magicke ibid. 30. Gets the Empire his first Acts in fauour of the Poles and Iesuites 575. Sends for a Wife into Poland offers a League against the Turkes His Letter to the English Agent and passe to him Fauours the English 758. His true name ibid. 20.40 Sends to certifie the King of England of all Commands the Emperour Boris his Letters to King Iames from Sir Thomas Smith Grants a new Commission to our Merchants 759. 760. His Articles of Contract with his Wife 761.30 c. Her Ioynture His promise to bring in Poperie both Crowned a Conspiracie against him his Guards of forreyners quarrels betwixt the Polish Ambassadour and him 762. Proued an Impostor by his owne witnesse Is slaine in a Conspiracie his Carcasse contumeliously vsed his Wife the Poles ill vsed 763 His vices ript vp his Parentage and Education His person and manners 764. His intention for change of Religion hee trusts Strangers his Visions before his Death which is reported another way 765. His Acts and death described by his Successour which begins Page 765 Derbent new Fortifications built by it by the Tartars 126.50 Desolation false layd downe in the Cart 596. An Iland in the West of Groneland 597.60 Desolation or Groineland 463.60 Desire prouoketh the Land 596.40 Desseada the Latitude 858.30 Diadem of the Kings of Peru 1054.60 What and how worne 1055.1 Of the Mexicans 1062.50 Diall in China 346.30 Diamonds store in Shar by Bactria 800 Diamonds found 109.20 Diamonds where and how found 105.40 Dice-play frequent in China 395.20 Digges Iland the Latitude 609.60 The South-Sea open to that ibid. Dingo a Russian Coyn worth a Pennie 522.20 Dinie a Fruit eaten for Drinke 236.40 Diraford in Island 597.40 Discoueries of Spaine and Portugall by East and West meete at China and the Philippinaes 939 Discouerie of a Passage in 47. Degrees from the South Sea to the North Sea 850 Disease of the Spaniards hearts cured by Indian Gold 1111.1 Disputation of Frier William with the Idolaters Nestorians 41.50 42.10 c. Displing vsed by the Mexicans in their Lents 1035.50.60 Distances of the chiefe Harbours betwixt Spaine and the Indies 858.859 Dithmar Blefkins his Trauels to Island 643. Into Groneland 651. Almost killed with the Mountaine Hecla 635. Passes into Portugall ibid. Diue-doppers strange ones in Iseland 647.50 Diuell could doe nothing when a Christian was by 45.20 Diuell inuoaked in a Tempest 308.60 Answers to the Chinois 309.1.10 Worshipped 283.10.196.30 And why 201.50 The West Indians familiaritie with him his Imposture and Sacrifices hee hath his Consulters and Pythagorean Monkes the manner of their Coniurations 973.974 Images of his his threatning of Tempests c. 974. For what end hee foretells things to come 1020.30 in margine Hungry for Mans flesh 1039.10 Diuels carrying away men in Cathaya 24.50 Diuell painted white and their Idols blacke where 105.40 Diuels consulted with in China 395.60 Diuels carrying away Men 75.20 79.50 Diuell how worshipped a Shipboord by the Chinois 318.20.30.40 His power in Island 646.10 Diuine Apothegine of the King of France 61.20 Diuinitie thought by the Indians to be in any thing that was rare in its kinde 1028.30 Diuinations of the West Indians 1043.50 Their trickes 1044.1 Diuiners are the Tartarian Priests 8.30 Called Can 14.50 Diuination vsed in China 369.10 Diuorce for barrennesse vrged in Russia 744.30 Diuorce in Mexico and the Conditions 1044 40 Diuell is insupportable 1026.10 Diuiners are the Tartars Priests 22.30 Like houshold Chaplaines ibid. Their Offices ibid. 40 Diuinations by sifting of Dust 38.50 Diuination in Tartarie by the shoulder bones of Rammes 31.20.30 c. Diuell imitates Christian Ceremonies 331.50 Dialâ— going with water strangely 409.30 Dialling first brought into China 329.60 339.20 Diet of the Chinois 365.50 Dying of Colours in the West Indies a strange way 985.1 Dyes of China naught 366.40 Dyuers for Pearles how long they hold their breath 953.1 Dyuing an houre together 972.40 Doctors title before their doores in China 370. They are the Noblest people 371.10 Their resolution to doe iustly ibid. Doctorship a great Dignitie in China 347.20 Doffraefiall Mountaine in Norway 661.20 Dogs eaten in China 381.40 Dog-Fish barkes 650.30 Dogs dung vsed to expell Poyson 92.10 Dogs of Groneland described vsed to draw like Horses 838.40 Dogs dearer then Children in Iseland 649.40 Dogs drawing in Sleds their swiftnesse 524 Dogges the Indians companions 963.10 Dogs how drest and eaten in China 179.10 Dogs draw their Carts in Albania 16.20 Dâ—lgoi Iland vpon the Riuer of Pechora 532. See also pag. 538.50 Two of that name ibid. 20 Domingo Citie in Hispaniola described the distance from Spaine Latitude Villages about it and their seuerall distances first peoplings Commodities c. 861.862 St. Domingo Citie in Hispaniola described 993 Dommes Haff a Bay 223.20 Dono a title of Honour in Iapon 324.20 Dor a Cathayan King and his shee Court 89.20 His Penance ibid. Doshnikes or Boates in Russia 243 10 Dowries great in Russia 454.1 Dragon the Armes of the King of China 392 Dragons in the West Indies 976 10 Dragons the Chinois superstition about them 395.60 Dragons 91.50 How taken 92.1 Their Gall medicinable ibid. Drie Sea by the Riuer Pechora 532.60 Drinke made of Rice Mill and Honey 4.50 And of Mares milke 5.30 And of Cowes Churne-milke 9.10 Drinke hot in China 366 1 Drinke-Offerings in China 392.1 Drinking-games 392.30 Drinke of Rice excellent 25.50 Like white Wine 27.50 Drinke of the Mexicans to procure ioyfulnesse before Death 1049.10 Drinkes hote in China good for the Stomacke and the Stone 391.50 Drinking Feasts of the Tartars 4.30.40 c. Musicke at them 4.60 Drinking Feasts of the Islanders 646.60 Drinking away ones selfe Children 225.60 Dâ—oina Riuer in Russia Nauigable one thousand miles 744.10 Dronden in Norway is Nidrosia An Archbishops Sea 651.30 Drugs of the West Indies the kindes and vses 959.40.50.960.1 Drums huge ones 438.1 Drums to make their Horses goe 226.1 Drummes vsed in stead of Bells 1049 Drunkards are for the Emperours seruice in Russia 431.40 Why they increase 432.40 Drunkennesse not punisht in Tartarie 32.30 Duckes going and returning at sound of Drumme 270 Duckes how fedde in China 174.40 Artificially bred ibid. Sir Dudley Dâ—gges his Cape the Latitude 846.40 Duina the Riuer 213.60 223.50 Duina the Riuer 415.40 Duina the Riuer where it falls into the white Sea 522.20 Duke
30 Mexico in the West Indies the limites of the Councell the Archbishopricke and its Iurisdiction the Indian Names of Mexico the Longitude and Latitude distance from Toledo houres of Sun-rise situation and description of the Citie 870. Suffragane Bishops to the Archbishop Monasteries and the Vniuersity there and the Spanish Inquisition 871 Mexico the new where 1001.10 Mexico how and when first peopled ibid. Their seuerall Iourneyes Plantations Accidents ledde by the Diuell their Conquests they tame the Snakes 1003. Their Idoll Tocci how Consecrated Mexico Citie founded by an Oracle the odde Story of that 1004. The foure quarters of the Citie diuided by Oracle their other Gods A new Colonie goes out they chuse a King 1005. His receiuing Coronation charge beautifies Mexico 1006.60 Their second King they are giuen to Southsaying 1009 Mexico Citie built in a Lake they quarrell with their Neighbours vpon which their King is murthered their League with their other neighbours to reuenge it 1010. They proclaime Warre against the Murtherers of their King 1011. Their victory 2012. Prouoked by other Neighbours they ouerthrow them too ibid. And other neighbours 1013. And others 1014. And others 1015 Mexico as well an ordered Kingdome as any in Europe ibid. Other victories of the Mexicans 1016. Other Conquests 1017. They force a Riuer to their Citie ibid. Which being almost drowned by it the King rebuilt like another Venice 1018.1 The greatnesse of their Empire ibid. 60. The stately Seruice of their Kings 1019.30 1126.1130 Strange prodigies foretelling the ruine of their Empire 1020. The Spaniards arriue there whom they superstitiously beleeue to bee their old King 1021. Their ancient Religion 1026.1027 c. Their Idols shapes ornaments Sacrifices and Festiuals 1030.1031 c. They imitated Gods Church herein 1033.50 Their Superstitious trickes 1043.40 Their Sorceries ibid. Conquered by Cortes the Spaniard 1118. The Citie destroyed by him 1122.20 And rebuilded ibid. Description of Mexico as it flourished at the Spaniards comming thither 1131.1132 c. Their Markets and Wares ibid. 1133. Their Temple ibid. 40. Other Antiquities of their Letters Numberâ— Times c. 1135. c. Their Chronologie 1136 Mexicans their Marriage Ceremonies 1044.30 Their Festiuall dayes 1046. 1048. c. Their ciuill Customes Arts Kalendar c. 1050. Their Bookes Writing Schooles c. 1052 Their Foot-posts 1054. Their Kings chosen by Election how 1062. Their degrees of Nobility Officers Priests Knighthood Warfare c. 1063. Education of their Youth Playes c. 1064. Their Rope-dancing and agilitie 1065. Their Story in Pictures begins at Page 1067. and continues to page 1117. The tributes of their Kings 1080. c. Their priuate behauiours 1102. c. How they doe with their new borne Children 1102.1103 Their Marriage rites 1107. c. The Kings Armes 1128.20 Their Policy Common-wealth 1129 1130 Mezen in Russia 538. The way thence to Pechora Obi and Yenisse Riuers and through Siberia to Cathay 530. 540.50 From thence to Canâ—inos c. to Pechora 538. Furres trading for there 540.10 Michalowich foretold to be Emperour of Russia 770 Mien the Kingdome and Citie 93 20 50. Conquered by the Tartars ibid. Miles long ones in Podolia 632.20 Miles of Norway 656.20 Military honours amongst the Tartars 643.10 Military degrees how giuen in China 387.10 Military rewards 387.60 Milke spewed vp by Snakes lickt vp by men 629.40 Millet a chiefe Diet of the Tartars 640.40 Millet Mayz or Indian wheate the qualities of it 893.40 Growes in Canes ibid. Minâ—oo the Citie the Commodities 269.1 Mines of Siluer in Xolor 281.40 Mines of New Spaine the names of them Their distance from Mexico 872.10 Mines in China stopt vp till the King had need of money 348 40 Miniaâ—es what Images they are 948.50 Miracles belieued to bee wrought by the dead in Russia 769.30 Miracles belieued foolishly by the Spaniards in their Conquest of Mexico 1024. c. Miracle-worker in the Indie hanged afterwards by his owne Spaniards 897.20 in marg Miracles of the Deuill in Mexico 1020 Miralis is Porta ferrea or Derbent 110.20 Mirobolans grow in Cauchin China 410 Mists make the Earth more fruitfull then the raine 937.50 Miters in China 263.20 274 50. Mitre of the Patriarch of Mosco with a Ball on the top and why 455.40 Moal the name of the Tartarian Nation 14.40 Whence deriued 15.10 Moal Tartars where and who 799 20. See Tartars of the East Moan the Plaine where 49.10 Moldauia some places in it 633 Moluccas or the Ilands of Spicery which fiue of them bee the chiefe they are vnder the Aequinoctiall their bignesses c. Names and latitudes of the rest pawned to the Portugals 904 Mogor how diuided from China 362.40 Mogores their ancient bounds 280 30 Monarchie a great assistant to plantation of Religion 1025.10.1026.1.10 Monasteries in Russia the Nobilitie thrust into them 424.30 50 Suffered to bee made rich for the Emperours Sacriledge 430 Monasteries are Sanctuaries in Russia 448.40 The greatnesse and wealth of some of them 449.1 Monasteries in Island and Groneland 651.20 Monastery of S. Bennet of Holm in England and Norway 624 1. A Story of it ibid. Monasteries of Peru for women their Orders and Reuenues 1034.10 For men 1035.1 Their Habit Shauing Offices Orders Penance Begging c. 1035 Moncastrum or Bialogrod in Moldauia 633.1 Monfarts Relation of China 410 10 Monganet Samoeds on the Ob 805.1 Monginoco the Empire 281.40 Mongozey in Russia the Trade thither 537.30 See also pag. 538 539. c. What it is 540.1 Furres there ibid. See Molgomsey 551.1 Mongozey written Molgomsey 543 Monkes of Russia how prouided for 228.10 More of them see ibid. Merchants ibid. They entertayne the Emperour ibid. Monkes in China 196.50 Seculars ibid. Their habit 274.40 Monkes in China had Concubines and were high-way Thieues 334 10 Monkish Re ue lation 26.40 Monkish Order of Saint Francis not Catholicke or vniuersally fitting all places 26.60 Monkeyes of India their kinds 966. Strange rarities of them one taught to buy Wine to bite painted women How they passe Riuers admirably 967.1 Their feats and features 995 Monkeyes hunt for Birds Nests 980.40 981.1 They feare the water ibid. Money of Paper or Barke in Tartary 86.30 Money of Paper in Cathaia 34.10 How made ibid. Of spotted skins ibid. Moneyes of the Crim Tartars 640 20 Money of Paper Barke or Porcellane where the Gold growes see pag. 91.92.94.96.98 Money not of Gold where Gold growes 942. Of Fruits leaues Coca Iron ibid. Of Leather Cotton c. 943.956 Of Siluer by weight vncoyned ibid. Money not of Gold but of Fruits in the Indies 942 Money answeres to all things 942 10 Money of Siluer barres in China 366.30 Of Brasse ibid. Money of Siluer Rods weighed 164 60. 166.1 Money of twigs of Gold 91.30 Of Salt ibid. Of Porcelane 91.50 92. Of Paper 108.60 Money of Porcellane 94.30 Money of Corall 90.50 Money neglected the aduantage made of it by the Tartar 442 10 Money
The commodities of China Fruits of all sorts Flesh for food Passages by water Store of shipping and water dwellers Horses Fish Wilde beâ—sts Cotton Sale of cloth Metalls Porcellane Glasse Buildings Hard Timber and Reeds Sea-cole Rhubarb China Muske Salt Sugar Home-waxe Paper Their drinke Cha Chia or Cia Sandaracha a rich Varnish Spices Chap. 4. Of their Arts in China This is not to be vnderstood of Temples c. as may appeare by Nanquin Temple c. Printing Antiquitie and manner of it Another way Painting grauing founding Bells Musicall Instruments Want of Hour-glasses Clocks and Dials Comedies Seales Various substance esteemed lâ—berall Inke-making Pensils in stead of Pens Fannes Cap. 5. Monosyllable Language as also our proper English is almost wholly 70000. Characters Equiuocations Fiue Accents Hardnesse of China Speech Eloquentia fine eloquio Many Nations and Languages haue the same Characters Court Language Their writing Morall Philosophie Confutius His heroike honours Mathematikes Phoenomena Colledges Eclipses Physicians Confutius his fiue Bookes Tetrabiblion No Vniuersity Degrees Tihio the Proposer Sieucai a Bachelors degree or as Master of Art with vs. Ornaments Their Priuiledges The second degree Kiugin as Licentiates or Bachelors in Diuinitie if we compare them with ours Examinâ—rs Palace of examination Dayes of Examination Theames giuen Seuen writings Care to auoid corruption Creation and Priuiledges Third degree as of Doctors called Cinfu Colai First and second place gloriou Ambition will be highest or nothing Military degrees Threefold tryall Chap. 5. Polo hath related the Conquest of Mangi by Cubla Can whose successor and perfecter haply of that Conquest was Temur or Tamor sup 83. 126. about 100. yeares before Tamerlane yet it seemes they were not fully subiect for Mandeuile serued in the warâ— of Echiant Can against Mangi sup 135 till Tamerlane of whom seâ— sup 154. But to ascribe it to Tamerlane and to end the Tartars Reigne at 1368. argues small skill in History of the Tartars Tamerlane then beâ—ng but young if so soone borne The time how euer is 〈◊〉 â—â—â—-reckoned Magistrates Quonfu and Lau Ye or Lau Sie Mandarin a Portugal name Kings Reuenues 150. Millions How dispensed Bookes of Officers 1. Li pu or Court of Magistrates 2. Ho-pu 3. Li-pu 4. Pimpu 5. Cumpu 6. Himpu The President or Ciam Ciu. Cilam Colai or Counsell of State Choli and Zauli Magistrates extraordinary See Pantoia Colledges Han lin Yuen Cause of the remouing the Seat Royall from Nanquin to Pequin Prouinciall Gouernment Pucin-su Naganzasu Tauli Diuision of Prouinces Regions or Shires Ceu and Hien Title fu mistaken Cifu Cihien and Ciceu Appeales Tutam Cia yuen or Chaen Militarie commands Magistrates fees Robes and Ornaments See in Goes Cap. 4. Vmbelle Conâ—entednes Philosophers Empire Beautie of Order No Office aboue 3. yeeres Appearing at Pequin Seuere Iustice 4000. Iudges iudged 1. Couetous 2. Cruell 3. Remisse 4. Rash. 5. Vngouerned Care to preuent rebellions factions and bribes Strangers Weapons Brawles Succession and royall kindred Cap. 7. Courtesie in mutuall veneration and circumspect behauiour to others Side-reuerence Respect of persons See Thaosos Epistle sup 344 Visiâ—ing one another Tedious courtesie China banquetting Feeding Hot drinke The Stone vnknowne in China which so tormenteth Europeans both in the Kidney Vreters Bladder this last depriued me of my honorable Patron and best friend B. King Anno 1621. and Anno 1622. Master Bifield my neighbour the painefull Minister at Thistleworth dyed of a Stone which I weighed and found a miracle in Nature much aboue 32 Ounces whiles these our China relations are in the Presse therefore here mentioned My selfe also hauing stone passions am therefore not stonie in compassion The Guests courtesie to the Host. Sipping oft not drinking one draught King obserued Petitions New yeere New Moone Birth-day Kings colour yellow Sun-like Dragons The Palace and gates Kings gate Time Title Widowes Old men Arches Pequin Funerals of Kings Honour of Magistrates * As in the doulia and latria of Saints worship and that of God Honour of parents See in Pantoia of Funeralls and mournings Mourning by booke Buriall Marriages Sur-names few In England antiently were few or none See Cam. Remaines Affinitie and conâ—anguinity Portion Birth-day Virilis pileus Candlemas Fire-workes Cap. 8. Chinois persons descriâ—ed Women Haire Rings Apparell Name-ceremonies Women haue none Fathers name Schoole-name Letter-name Grâ—â—t name Religious name Greater thâ—n Christian name Seales of Magistrates Seats in which they are carryed on mens shoulders Boates ships Masters respect Games Chesse Theft punishment Chap. 9. Obseruation of times Two fold Almanacke Impostors Diuinations and telling of Fortunes Strength of imaginations Deuils consulted Dreames of Dragons Geologers Augurie Cruell vices and vnnaturall Chinois Child-selling Child-killing Pittilesse pitie Transmigration of soules Selfe-slayers Eunuches Whip-killing Slauish feare Kings kindred China suspicions Strangers contemned Souldiers base Studies of Alchimie and long life Chap. 10. China Gods What pitie is it that Lutherans and Caluenists may not aswell be saued without the Pope as these Idolaters without God and Christ and worshipping that which by Nature is not God God supposed the souâ—e of the world Persians had no Temples Two Temples Royall King high Priest Magistrates inferiour Obite Confutius Temple and Rites Temple of tutelar Sprrits Tribunall Temple Oath of Magistrates Fiue combinations Second Sect began A.D. 65. Democritians Sythagorâ—ans Likâ—nesse of Popish riâ—es and those of China in opinion oâ— â—esâ—iteâ— Many and costly Temples Steeples Bells Images Their Priests many and miserable Monasteries Innes Râ—demption of wilde creatures See Pâ—nâ—â—s Riuer faire Fasters Nicu or Nuns Third Sect. Lye of Lauzu Leus Legend See before of Leus Hill neere the great Lake Way to fooles Paradise Ciam Prelate Multiplication of Sects This is also testified by Mons. de Monfart Many Mahumetans in China Christians See sup in Pinto 269. See sup pag. 115 Siaâ— Chaifamfu Iew at Pequin his report Israelites dispersion Iewes at Hancheu 1. Tim. 4.8 Io. 4.23 24. 1. Cor. 1.21 17. 1. Cor. 2.1 2 3. Haiton c. 1. Tâ—m 1. l. 4. c. 1. 2. 3. The Chinois iealous of Strangers Benefit of this Map in confuting others Coray no Iland * Perhaps this is Sciansi n These leagues seeme doubtfull Pequin o This note of degrees is false if the Iesuits be true and I thinke rather â—he guesse of the Portugall Interpreter then that there was any such note in the Map For the Chinois were scarsly so good Cosmographers to obserue degrees p Sciantum q Honan· r Or Quicheu Nannuin Iacâ—â— Conâ—â—ellâ—tionum Trig. Epist. Note of Souldiers Peeces Pantoia mistaken perhaps the Printers fault Pictures Prouinces and their names * Three or 4. to the South-west Degrees Quian * Mandeuile oâ—hers speake of the irregularitie of Caramoran P. Pil. l. 4. c. 12. §. 2. Riâ—ij Expedition l. c. 13. Atrium Kings Throne reuerenced and guarded Elephants * See the like sup 23. Rites to the Throne Kings politike pietie Their libertie and allowance
of a Biscay ship The fourth and fifth Whales killed The sixt whale killed Three hundred Morses Biscainers enuie The seuenth Whale killed The eight Whale killed The ninth and tenth Whales killed The eleuenth twelfth and thirteenth Whales killed Ascension day Greenland attayned in eighteene dayes A ship of Saint Iohn de Luz Eight Spaniards on the coast The Generall was Captaine Beniamin Ioseph after slaine in fight with a Carrike Dutch ship No night the 23. of May. Diuers strangers Lat. 78. deg 24. minut Ship of Biscay Snowe Greene harbour Low sound His Maiesties Armes and a Crosse set vp at Low-nesse Snowe Thomas Bonner English man Master and Pilot. 76. deg 55. min. declination 67. deg 30. min. Variation 12. deg 14. min. Abundance of Ice An Iland in 72 degrees on the Coast of Groinland Three and twentie whales killed A man slaine Latitude 78. deg 7. min. Note A South South west Moone maketh a full Sea here A Biscayn ship of 700. tuns Many rockes full of Fowle Lisets Ilands Eighteene Whales killed Three Whales killed by the English Eight thirtie Whales killed August 1. Latitude 77. degrees 40. minutes Variation 13. degrees 11. minutes Latitude 79. degrees 14. minutes This was Maâ— Cudners ship of London Latitude 79. degrees 8. minutes Sunnes refraction Note M. Cudner of London William Gourdon Variation 1. degree 5. min. Rost Ilands or Rosten 68. dâ—g no min. Thâ— variâ—tion 4 degrees 8. minutes East Variation 5. dâ—g 3. minutes East The lying of the land about Scoutsnesse We went forth to Sea We met with Ice in 75. deg 10. minutes Eleuen Sayles fast in the Ice M. Th. Sherwin Iune We goe cleere off the Ice Wee met with the Mary An-Sarah We came to the Fore land We proceeded to the Northwards Maudlen Sound Hackluyts Head-land We anchoreâ— in Maudlen Sound I went forth in a shallop We set sayle out of Maudlen Sound and followed the Ice Prince Charles Iland in 78. degrees 40. minutes Wee stood againe for shoare Eleuen Holland ships We anchored in Sir T. Smiths Bay We went forth of Sir T. Smiths Bay We were driuen backe againe into Crosse-road We set sayle out of Crosse-road One shallop to the Northward The other into Maudlen Sound The Kings Armes set vp in Trinitie Harbour Trinitie Harbor is vnder the parallel of 79. degrees 34. minutes We came to an anchor in Faire Hauen No Whales were yet come in The shallop returned from the Northwards Cape Barrèn Saddle Iland A Storme Iulie The Whales began now to come in Two Whales escaped We came forth of Faire hauen We met with Ice and stood to the Northwards Our Shallop came to vs. We returned towards Faire hauen We intended to discouer in Shallops I went forth in the one Shallop Master Baffin came to me in the other Shallop Red-beach Wee hailed our Shallop vpon the Ice We returned to our Shallop We were vnder saile and came to an anchor againe We killed a Whale August We went to the Northwards with our Shallops We got to the shoare of Red Beach with out Shallops We walked ouer Red-beach The Kings armes are set vp at Wiches Sound We passed ouer Wiches Sound We found Beach Finâ— We met with the Hartsease Shallop Note The end of Sir Thomas Smiths Inlet discouered We returned towards our Ship A storme began when we were amongst Ice We get forth of the Ice We came aboord our ship The Holland Discouerers go homewards Our Ship went forth to Sea We met with Ice eight leagues from the Shore We plyed off and on the Ice two dayes Wee anchored againe in the North Harbor I went to the Eastwards in a shallop Ice was newly frozen in Red-cliffe Sound I intended to go once to Point Desire A great snow began I could not passe for Ice The originall cause of Ice at Sea I went backe againe to Red-beach I returned towards our ship Point Welcome The Kings Armes are set vp againe at Point Welcome I went into Red cliffe Sound Point Deceit I came aboord our ship A Whale lay sunken fourteene dayes The Hartseasâ— anchored by vs. Warme weather in the end of August We set sayle to the Eastward The Thomasinâ— returnes for England We stood to the westwards Wee met with Ice We left the Ice and came for England A storme beganne A Corpo Santo It is often seen at the end of stormes Hackluyts Headland Perill and escape Note Errour of Grouland Fogges High Hill Drift wood Note Sir T. Smiths Iland Mount Hackluyt Hudsons Hold-with-hope questioned as before also Ships of the King of Denmarke Terrible Disaster Flemmings Peter Goodford drowned Cold and heate strangely variable Tobacco lighted by the Sun at midnight Gods mercy to England whiles warres haue infested thâ— rest of the World A. Thuan-bister l. 135. Iam. 3. Exod. 1. Al. Gwagninâ— descript Mosc George brother to the Emperor done to death Hee addes principal Nobles here omitted * 700. women at one time 378. prisoners at another 500. Matrons and Virgins of noble bloud exposed to be rauished by the Tartars in his sight at another time c. * A Secretarie cutting off his priuities he died presently which the Emperour construing to be done purposely caused him there instantly to eate whâ—t he had cut off * Or Theodor Sir Ierom Horsey The death of Iuan Vasiliwich 1584. April 18. Lord Boris adopted as the Emperors third sonne The day of Pheodor his coronation Iohn de Wale Chare Sibersky Prince of Siberia taken prisoner brought to Mosco Sophet Keri Alli King of the Crims arriuall at Mosco The new Emperor Pheodore Iuanowich his Lâ—tters and Requests to the Queene Master Horseys voyage from Mosco to England ouer land 1586. Thuan. hist. lib. 120. Diuorce vrged D. Fl. S.I.H. Boris his plot Thuan. hist. lib. 135. sec. Demetrius slain some tell that one pretended his colâ—er stood awry in mending it cut his throate * It was in the Northern parts at Duglets * Some write that he caused diuers places in Mosco to be fiâ—red and then afterwards out of his owne cost repaired them D. Flet. Death of Theodore The Empresse succeedeth Russians vse of fortie dayes mourning for an Emperours death The Queene turneth Nun. Boris his willing vnwillingnesse Boris his speech Boris Emperor His Wife Son Daughter Tartars Russian New yeere Boris crowned His policies P. Basman * Where the censorious bitternesse also seemeth too much to insult on Bâ—ris his dâ—sasters Tedious Title Strange request His audience P. Basman Emperours glorie Princes splendour Pollaxes Counsell and Nobilitie Plate Dining roomâ— Change of Rayment Two hundred Nobles guests Three hundred noble Seruitors Garlike and Onions Drinkes Meads Memory of Q. Elizabeth Gifts Newes of Demetrius Princes pomp Peter Basman Oucsinia the Princesse Second audience Citizens Souldiers Golden Seale Great dinner Ambassadors departure Sled-passage Emperor Boriâ— his death New christened Emperors person His respect to his sonne * Because he had done more for him then might lawfully be commanded
from Rustene wee found certaine Relikes of the plankes and ribs of our Skiffe whereby we plainly knew that our companions which were in it were perished and drowned the first night that they departed from vs. The nine and twentieth of May 1432. we arriued with the said Barke at Trondon vpon the Coast of Norway the Princely Seate of the King of Denmarke where the Honourable bodie of glorious Saint Olaus resteth There wee stayed ten dayes to waite for passage and a fit time for our Voyage but not finding it because we would lose no more time wee tooke leaue of our beloued Host his Sonnes and the rest to proceed on our journey by Land The ninth of Iune we departed from Trondon trauelling on foot going towards Vastena a place subject to the King of Denmarke within the Prouince of Sweden where the cheek-bone and part of the bone of the head of Saint Bridget remayneth Being there wee vnderstood by the Venetians that the Inhabitants for the reuerence of their glorious King Saint Olaus vnto whom as they well knew our Signiorie of Venice did great fauour in his going and returning from his Voyage to Hierusalem were disposed with deeds to prouide for vs by their counsell helpe and money And first they aduised vs not to goe the direct way into Dacia by reason of the dangers of wilde beasts which might befall vs but to addresse our selues to goe directly to Stichimborgi to find out a valiant Venetian Knight called M. Giouan Francho from whom wee should receue fauour and helpe in plentifull manner for loue of our Countrey although the way were thirtie dayes iourney quite contrary to our direct way On the eighteenth day we came to the Court of the said Cauallier M. Giouan Francho an Honourable Baron and highly esteemed of the Crowne of Dacia where with great joy we found our two straggling companions The valorous Knight being now informed of our comming with a cheereful conntenance declared well vnto vs how great the loue of his Countrey was and especially knowing the calamitie and penurie of vs his Countrey-men and being easily able to releeue it And therefore he could not sufficiently satisfie himselfe in honouring clothing and feeding vs but gaue vs money for our necessities and furnishing vs afterward with good Horses in his owne proper person together with his only Sonne M. Mapheo with an hundred and twentie Horses of his owne Seruants he accompanied vs many dayes journeyes through his Territories trauelling alwayes at his owne charge Afterward vpon his limits and bounds wee tooke our leaue to depart thanking him with the most reuerent and kind speeches that possibly we could Whereupon he being departed left vs for our Guide his said sonne M. Mapheo with twentie seruants on Horse-backe who kept vs company vnto Vastena the place from whence about fortie dayes before we had departed vnto the which place for the auoyding of two monethes trauell wee were faine to returne so that on the thirtieth day of Iuly wee entred into Vastena where wee abode vntill the second of August being alwayes accompanied and our charges borne by the said M. Mapheo On the second of August we tooke our leaue of the foresaid M. Mapheo yeelding him such thankes as we could And being departed from him wee went to Lodese where wee arriued the eleuenth of the said moneth in which place we found two passages the one for England and the other for the Low Countries and there we voluntarily diuided our selues into two parts The two and twentieth of August 1432. we Christophoro Fiorauante one of the Councell of the vnfortunate ship together with Girardo da Lione the Sewer and Nicolo di Michiel of Venice the Notarie now Writer of this present Discourse departed from the other eight of our companions they going towards London and we to Venice by the way of Rostoch pretending to goe to Rome for a Pardon and after many troubles and molestations passing ouer Mountaynes Valleyes Riuers sometimes on foot and sometimes on Horse-backe through the helpe of the Omnipotent God we came vnto our so much desired Countrey of Venice on the twelfth of October 1432. safe and sound leauing the said Girardo da Lion at Vasenâ—ch who from thence went vnto his Countrey and those that went into England were these Master Francesco Quirini Sonne of Master Iacomo a Venetian Gentleman being Merchant of the vnhappie ship Master Piero Gradenico Sonne of Master Andrea of the age of eighteene yeeres a young Merchant Bernardo da Caghire Pilot of the ship whose Wife being young aswell through the long delay of time passed as for that it was many times certainly reported that the said ship with all them that were therein were in great danger and no token at all appearing to the contrary being aduised more hastily then vpon mature consideration as is the manner of needie women she married her selfe at Triâ—iso But hearing of our comming and the certayne newes of her liuing and true Husband she presently separated the bond of the second Marriage and shut her selfe vp in an honest Monasterie aswell to declare the Integritie of her minde as to expect the returne of her true Husband who about some three moneths after came to Venice safe and sound and tooke her againe vnto him c. CHAP. XIX Ancient Commerce betwixt ENGLAND and NORWAY and other Northerne Regions GReat Alexander is said in â—earing a Flatterers Historie of his conquestâ— making them how great soeâ—er in themselues farre greater theâ— they were to haue caused that booke to bee throwne into the Sea with iust indignation exclaiming that those incredibilities would make that which hee had indeed done seeme incredible to posteritie And a Liar said Alexanders Master Aristotle gets this by lying that when he speakes truth he cannot be beleeued So hath it fared with that Brittish worthy King Arthur whose Great Acts by great Flatterers seeking to light candles to the Sunne haue made others suppose it to be night and his worth to be a worke of darknesse and lyes Neither doth the later posteritie know how to distinguish the one from the other and the Writers for and against the truth of three British storie as Ieffery of Moumouth and William of Newbridge of old and others since haue seemed to me to let the truth as in altercation is vsuall to fall downe betwixt them for others more moderate spirits to take vp Although therefore many things related of Artâ—â—â— are absurd 〈◊〉 so are not all nor that altogether which is spoken of his Northerne conquests eleuen hundred yeeres since and of commerce a 〈…〉 not some kind of 〈◊〉 acknowledgment of 〈◊〉 the King of Ireland 〈◊〉 of the Orcades Maluâ—sius of Island Doldaâ—iâ— of Gotâ—and Ascâ—ilâ—â— of the Danes and Loâ— King of Norway Some adde that King Arthur left people to inhabite the Ilands and that the Norwegian Nobles tooke them Brittish wiues and that the Norwegians 〈◊〉 their Brittish 〈◊〉 and