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england_n whole_a wit_n world_n 43 3 3.3820 3 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A14916 Ancient funerall monuments within the vnited monarchie of Great Britaine, Ireland, and the islands adiacent with the dissolued monasteries therein contained: their founders, and what eminent persons haue beene in the same interred. As also the death and buriall of certaine of the bloud royall; the nobilitie and gentrie of these kingdomes entombed in forraine nations. A worke reuiuing the dead memory of the royall progenie, the nobilitie, gentrie, and communaltie, of these his Maiesties dominions. Intermixed and illustrated with variety of historicall obseruations, annotations, and briefe notes, extracted out of approued authors ... Whereunto is prefixed a discourse of funerall monuments ... Composed by the studie and trauels of Iohn Weeuer. Weever, John, 1576-1632.; Cecil, Thomas, fl. 1630, engraver. 1631 (1631) STC 25223; ESTC S118104 831,351 907

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and_o mount_n shall_v with_o all_o possible_a diligence_n depart_v immediate_o in_o post_n without_o long_o tarry_n thenne_n for_o this_o their_o depeche_n shall_v be_v necessary_a so_o as_o their_o abode_n empeche_n not_o the_o king_n purpose_n touch_v the_o say_a melanchton_n and_o thus_o fare_v yove_o most_o hearty_o well_o from_o langley_n in_o moche_n have_v this_o monday_n at_o iiii_o of_o the_o clock_n at_o after_o none_o your_o love_a friend_n t._n norfolk_n george_n roc●ford_n also_o before_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o parliament_n wherein_o the_o pope_n supreme_a authority_n here_o in_o england_n be_v abolish_v these_o remarkable_a induction_n follow_v be_v set_v down_o and_o command_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n to_o be_v sudden_o put_v in_o execution_n first_o to_o send_v for_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o special_o for_o such_o as_o be_v nearest_o to_o the_o court_n cot._n and_o to_o examine_v they_o a_o part_n whether_o they_o by_o the_o law_n 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law_n and_o also_o against_o the_o general_a counsalle_n which_o usurpation_n of_o authority_n only_o have_v grow_v to_o he_o by_o the_o sufferance_n of_o prince_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o by_o none_o authority_n from_o god_n item_n therefore_o that_o order_n be_v take_v for_o such_o as_o shall_v preach_v at_o paul_n cross_n from_o henceforth_o shall_v continual_o from_o sunday_n to_o sunday_n preach_v there_o and_o also_o teach_v and_o declare_v to_o the_o people_n that_o he_o that_o now_o call_v himself_o pope_n nether_a any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n be_v and_o be_v but_o only_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n and_o have_v no_o more_o authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n by_o god_n law_n within_o this_o realm_n than_o any_o other_o foreign_a bishop_n have_v which_o be_v nothing_o at_o all_o and_o that_o such_o authority_n as_o he_o have_v claim_v heretofore_o have_v be_v only_o by_o usurpation_n and_o sufferance_n of_o prince_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o that_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n may_v be_v bind_v to_o suffer_v none_o other_o to_o preach_v at_o paul_n cross_n as_o he_o will_v answer_v but_o such_o as_o will_v preach_v and_o set_v forth_o the_o same_o item_n that_o all_o the_o bishop_n within_o this_o realm_n be_v bind_v and_o order_v in_o the_o same_o wise_a and_o cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v preach_v throughout_o all_o their_o diocese_n item_n that_o a_o special_a practice_n be_v make_v and_o a_o straight_a commandment_n give_v to_o all_o provincial_n minister_n and_o ruler_n of_o all_o the_o four_o order_n of_o friar_n within_o this_o realm_n command_v they_o to_o cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v preach_v by_o all_o the_o preacher_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o through_o the_o whole_a realm_n item_n to_o practice_v with_o all_o the_o friar_n obseruant_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o to_o command_v they_o to_o preach_v likewise_o or_o else_o that_o they_o may_v be_v stay_v and_o no●_n suffer_v to_o preach_v in_o no_o place_n of_o the_o realm_n item_n that_o 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of_o rome_n unto_o the_o general_a council_n may_v also_o be_v transume_v impress_a publish_v and_o set_v up_o on_o every_o church-door_n in_o england_n to_o the_o intent_n that_o if_o any_o censure_n shall_v be_v fulminate_v against_o the_o king_n or_o his_o realm_n that_o then_o it_o may_v appear_v to_o all_o the_o world_n that_o the_o censure_n be_v of_o none_o effect_n consider_v that_o the_o king_n have_v already_o and_o also_o before_o any_o censure_n promulge_v both_o provoke_v and_o appeal_v item_n like_o transumpt_n to_o be_v make_v and_o send_v into_o all_o other_o realm_n and_o dominion_n and_o special_o into_o flanders_n concern_v the_o king_n say_v provocation_n and_o appellation_n to_o the_o intent_n falsehood_n iniquity_n malice_n and_o injustice_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n may_v thereby_o appear_v to_o all_o the_o world_n and_o also_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o all_o the_o world_n may_v know_v that_o the_o king_n highness_n stand_v under_o those_o appeal_n no_o censure_n can_v prevail_v neither_o take_v any_o effect_n against_o he_o and_o his_o realm_n parliament_n item_n a_o letter_n to_o be_v conceive_v from_o all_o the_o noble_n as_o well_o spiritual_a as_o temporal_a of_o this_o realm_n unto_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n declare_v the_o wrong_n injury_n and_o usurpation_n use_v against_o the_o king_n highness_n and_o this_o realm_n item_n to_o send_v exploratour_n and_o espy_v into_o scotland_n and_o to_o see_v and_o perceive_v their_o practice_n and_o what_o they_o intend_v there_o and_o whether_o they_o will_v confederate_a themselves_o with_o any_o other_o outward_a prince_n item_n to_o send_v letter_n for_o that_o purpose_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n my_o lord_n daves_n and_o sir_n thomas_n clyfford_n item_n certain_a discreet_a and_o grave_a person_n to_o be_v appoint_v to_o repair_v into_o the_o part_n of_o germany_n to_o practice_v and_o conclude_v some_o league_n or_o amity_n with_o the_o prince_n and_o potentate_n of_o germany_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o king_n of_o pole_n john_n of_o hungary_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n the_o duke_n of_o bavyere_n duke_n frederick_n the_o landegrave_n van_fw-mi hesse_n the_o bishop_n of_o magous_n bishop_n of_o trever_n the_o bishop_n of_o collene_n and_o other_o the_o potentate_n of_o germany_n and_o also_o to_o ensearch_v of_o what_o inclination_n the_o say_a prince_n and_o potentate_n be_v of_o towards_o the_o king_n and_o this_o realm_n item_n like_o practice_n to_o be_v make_v and_o practise_v with_o the_o city_n of_o lubeke_n dansk_a hambourgh_n bromeswicke_n and_o all_o other_o the_o stead_n of_o the_o haunse_n tu●onyk_n and_o to_o ensearch_v of_o what_o inclination_n they_o be_v towards_o the_o king_n and_o this_o realm_n item_n like_o practice_n to_o be_v make_v and_o practise_v with_o the_o city_n of_o norimbourgh_n and_o aughsbrough_n item_n to_o remember_v the_o merchant_n adventurer_n haunt_v the_o dominion_n of_o braband_n and_o to_o speak_v with_o they_o item_n to_o set_v order_n and_o establishment_n of_o the_o prince_n dowager_n house_n with_o all_o celerity_n and_o also_o of_o my_o lady_n maryes_fw-mi house_n to_o these_o or_o some_o of_o these_o purpose_n the_o king_n dispatch_v messenger_n to_o all_o his_o ambassador_n and_o agent_n beyond_o sea_n have_v before_o that_o send_v the_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n viscount_n rocheford_n sir_n william_n pawlet_n afterward_o marquesse_n of_o winchester_n and_o other_o to_o the_o pope_n the_o emperor_n and_o the_o french_a king_n be_v all_o three_o together_o at_o nice_a he_o also_o cause_v his_o secretary_n to_o write_v in_o this_o manner_n to_o james_n the_o five_o king_n of_o scotland_n most_o excellent_a cot._n mighty_a and_o victorious_a prince_n ple●s●th_v your_o magestie_n that_o by_o the_o commandment_n of_o my_o most_o dread_a lord_n and_o sovereign_a king_n of_o england_n your_o grace_n most_o dear_a uncle_n i_o have_v in_o charge_n undre_fw-fr commyssion_n certeyn_v specyall_a matter_n concern_v his_o highness_n pleasure_n secret_o to_o be_v signyfy_v unto_o your_o grace_n wherein_o not_o only_o as_o a_o natural_a cousyne_n of_o your_o royal_a consanguinity_n but_o as_o a_o most_o love_a father_n entire_o tender_v your_o worthy_a honour_n no_o less_o desirous_a hereof_o then_o regard_v his_o own_o peculy_o prosperyte_v unfayned_o account_v your_o grace_n advancement_n his_o most_o conformable_a consolation_n in_o consideracyon_n whereof_o since_o it_o have_v so_o pleasyd_v god_n of_o his_o infynyte_a favour_n to_o revele_v unto_o his_o highness_n as_o well_o by_o studyous_a endeavour_n of_o good_a letter_n as_o by_o erudyte_n consultacyon_n of_o famous_a estemyde_n clerk_n also_o by_o long_o attempt_v experience_n ensearching_n truyth_v chyeflye_a in_o christ_n doctrine_n who_o say_v john_n the_o fourteen_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la veritas_fw-la now_o clere_o to_o perceive_v the_o thrall_n captyvyte_n undre_a the_o usurpyd_v power_n of_o the_o busshop_n of_o rome_n and_o his_o ungodly_a law_n wherein_o his_o highness_n and_o other_o many_o of_o his_o noble_a progenitor_n be_v most_o wycked_o abusyde_o to_o their_o intolerable_a calamity_n and_o exceed_v molestation_n of_o their_o subject_n over_o who_o god_n have_v yevon_n they_o auctoryte_n and_o governaunce_n to_o rule_v as_o by_o all_o story_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n and_o informacyon_n of_o the_o new_a plain_o apperith_v which_o groundly_o know_v to_o his_o highness_n wisshith_fw-mi likewise_o the_o same_o to_o be_v persuadyd_v unto_o your_o grace_n whereby_o your_o honourable_a renown_n and_o royal_a auctoryte_n shall_v be_v moche_o enlargyd_v with_o no_o less_o felycitye_n of_o soul_n pryncipal_o to_o be_v regardyd_v then_o with_o abundant_a commodity_n of_o riches_n and_o unfeigned_a obeisance_n of_o faithful_a subject_n ferr_v from_o the_o comeberous_a calamyte_n of_o the_o popysshe_n miserable_a molestacyon_n what_o more_o intolerable_a calamyte_n may_v there_o be_v to_o a_o christian_a prince_n than_o uniustlye_o to_o be_v defeatyd_v of_o his_o righteous_a jurisdiction_n within_o his_o realm_n to_o be_v a_o king_n by_o name_n and_o not_o indeed_o to_o be_v a_o ruler_n without_o regyment_n over_o his_o own_o liege_n people_n what_o more_o grevous_a molestation_n can_v chance_v to_o true_a heart_a subject_n than_o to_o be_v severe_v from_o the_o alliegiaunce_n due_a to_o their_o natural_a sovereign_n there_o annoyntyd_v king_n grauntyd_v by_o god_n law_n and_o to_o become_v servile_a slave_n to_o a_o foreyn_n potentat_fw-la usurp_v to_o reign_v over_o they_o against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n as_o by_o the_o violent_a tyranny_n of_o the_o bushop_n of_o rome_n have_v many_o year_n hitherto_o be_v practyse_v throughout_o all_o region_n to_o the_o ruynous_a desolacyon_n of_o the_o hole_n christenty_n what_o realm_n be_v there_o but_o that_o the_o bus●shop_n of_o rome_n have_v plant_v therein_o his_o kingdom_n and_o establish_v his_o regiment_n after_o soche_v a_o subtiell_n way_n that_o he_o and_o his_o crafty_a creature_n be_v obey_v of_o prince_n to_o who_o of_o duty_n they_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v subject_a 1._o pet._n 2._o sive_fw-la regi_fw-la tanquam_fw-la praecellenti_fw-la etc._n etc._n of_o who_o all_o romayn_n busshop_n have_v presumyd_fw-la to_o be_v successor_n but_o not_o follower_n contrary_a to_o his_o example_n qui_fw-la non_fw-la venit_fw-la ministrari_fw-la sed_fw-la ministrare_fw-la in_o all_o realm_n the_o popisshe_n practice_n have_v have_v soche_n confederacye_n of_o false_a forswear_a factious_a and_o traitorous_a taleb●●rers_n titinylk_n untrue_a to_o their_o sovereign_n that_o nothing_o be_v so_o secret_o in_o counsel_n of_o any_o prince_n but_o forthwith_o it_o be_v carry_v by_o relation_n to_o the_o pope_n care_n and_o if_o aught_o be_v attemptyd_v against_o his_o own_o person_n or_o any_o crookyd_a creature_n of_o his_o creation_n in_o restrain_v of_o their_o extortionate_a claim_v as_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o they_o claim_v to_o have_v auctoryte_n upon_o incontynent_a they_o bouncyd_v out_o their_o thunderbolt_n and_o currse_a fulmination_n with_o soche_n intolerable_a force_n of_o unmercyfull_a crudelyte_n that_o they_o make_v the_o greatiste_a personage_n of_o the_o world_n to_o trymble_a and_o quake_v for_o fear_n for_o by_o the_o negligente_a soufferaunce_n of_o prince_n thrughe_a d●faute_n of_o knowledge_n of_o god_n word_n the_o popisshe_n pride_n be_v so_o haught_a his_o auctoryte_n so_o preemynent_a his_o power_n so_o puisaunte_a his_o strengthe_n so_o mighty_a his_o displeasure_n so_o dangerous_a his_o tyrrannye_n so_o terrible_a that_o scarce_o any_o dare_v resist_v to_o coutrevaill_v none_o be_v able_a example_n of_o many_o excellent_a prince_n as_o john_n the_o first_o and_o henry_n the_o second_o of_o gracious_a memory_n king_n of_o england_n here_o in_o their_o life_n time_n most_o cruel_o vexyd_v and_o after_o there_o disseas_o by_o forge_a leasyng_n and_o slanderous_a ympechement_n mysreportyd_v and_o faulselye_o belie_v with_o dispitfull_n dishonour_n of_o their_o excellent_a progeny_n after_o like_a fasshion_n the_o victorious_a emperor_n lodovicus_n enterprise_v
general_a visitation_n begin_v in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n and_o in_o february_n next_o follow_v a_o parliament_n upon_o prorogation_n be_v hold_v at_o westminster_n in_o which_o these_o unspeakable_a crime_n of_o all_o the_o covent_n be_v certify_v by_o the_o commissioner_n to_o the_o king_n and_o that_o high_a court._n upon_o the_o read_n whereof_o because_o their_o offence_n be_v find_v to_o be_v many_o and_o odious_a or_o that_o king_n henry_n will_v have_v it_o so_o which_o i_o rather_o believe_v it_o be_v enact_v by_o both_o house_n in_o that_o present_a parliament_n 28._o that_o all_o religious_a house_n of_o and_o under_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o two_o hundred_o pound_n within_o the_o whole_a realm_n of_o england_n and_o wales_n shall_v be_v give_v and_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o with_o all_o and_o singular_a the_o land_n tenement_n rent_n reversion_n good_n cattle_n debt_n ornament_n and_o jewel_n with_o all_o thing_n else_o thereunto_o or_o to_o their_o order_n in_o any_o wise_a appertain_a or_o belong_v the_o number_n of_o these_o house_n then_o suppress_v be_v three_o hundred_o seventy_o six_o the_o value_n of_o their_o land_n yearly_a as_o then_o easy_o rate_v be_v twenty_o nine_o thousand_o forty_o one_o pound_n three_o penny_n half_a penny_n qua_fw-la other_o for_o thirty_o two_o thousand_o pound_n 28._o and_o more_o the_o movable_a good_n as_o they_o be_v sell_v robin_n hood_n pennyworth_n amount_v to_o more_o than_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n the_o religious_a person_n that_o be_v put_v out_o of_o the_o same_o house_n be_v in_o number_n above_o ten_o thousand_o it_o be_v a_o pitiful_a thing_n to_o here_o the_o lamentation_n that_o the_o people_n in_o the_o country_n make_v for_o they_o for_o there_o be_v great_a hospitality_n keep_v among_o they_o and_o as_o it_o be_v think_v more_o than_o ten_o thousand_o person_n master_n and_o servant_n have_v lose_v their_o live_n by_o the_o put_n down_o of_o 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mores_fw-la que_fw-la sacta_fw-la norma_fw-la quid_fw-la d●ceat_fw-la quid_fw-la non_fw-la instrue_v sancte_fw-la pater_fw-la respunsio_fw-la ipsius_fw-la bernardi_n que_fw-fr ●eci_fw-fr prim●_n u●bis_fw-la facienda_fw-la relinquo_fw-la nulium_fw-la ●u●au●_n discord_n pacificavi_fw-la lefus_fw-la ●ustinui_fw-la nec_fw-la mihi_fw-la complacui_fw-la monk_n within_o one_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o first_o spread_v abroad_o of_o these_o cistercian_n and_o bernardin_n monk_n the_o benedictines_n want_v another_o reformation_n which_o be_v attempt_v by_o peter_n one_o of_o the_o same_o order_n surname_v acheron_n of_o a_o mountain_n so_o call_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o which_o he_o live_v in_o a_o cave_n for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o year_n do_v daily_a penance_n upon_o this_o mountain_n he_o build_v a_o little_a church_n which_o he_o call_v of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n be_v ware_n always_o a_o almain_n of_o iron_n upon_o his_o bare_a flesh_n upon_o it_o a_o shirt_n of_o hair_n be_v in_o 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muli●rum_fw-la multe_fw-la denote_v quod_fw-la percoluere_fw-la sorores_n sincletica_fw-la euprepia_n polycrasia_n item_n melania_n combustum_fw-la primo_fw-la verum_fw-la fuit_fw-la à_fw-la mahumeto_n postque_fw-la per_fw-la eraclum_fw-la destructum_fw-la post_fw-la quoque_fw-la paulo_n euersum_fw-la rursus_fw-la danorum_fw-la et_fw-la ....._o regio_fw-la ...._o per_fw-la ...._o karoli_n reparatum_fw-la tempore_fw-la magni_fw-la ast_n ubi_fw-la
that_o place_n he_o convert_v unto_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n sebert_n king_n of_o the_o east_n saxon_n of_o which_o this_o stanza_n out_o of_o harding_n austin●_n then_o austin_n make_v peter_n a_o clerk_n devoute_a of_o saint_n austin_n th'abbot_n religious_a and_o make_v mellito_fw-la as_o bede_n cler_o have_v note_n of_o london_n then_o bishop_n full_a virtuous_a a_o clerk_n that_o be_v then_o benevolous_a who_o then_o convert_v of_o essex_n the_o king_n sebert_n and_o all_o his_o land_n baptize_v with_o holy_a herte_n but_o the_o wicked_a son_n of_o this_o good_a king_n sebert_n expel_v mellitus_n out_o of_o their_o dominion_n from_o whence_o he_o travel_v into_o france_n and_o there_o stay_v for_o a_o time_n 〈◊〉_d until_o he_o be_v command_v by_o archbishop_n laure●ce_n to_o retain_v and_o look_v to_o his_o flock_n he_o be_v a_o man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o much_o more_o noble_a for_o the_o excellency_n of_o his_o mind_n a_o eloquent_a speaker_n and_o therefore_o abusive_o 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and_o no_o less_o learned_a succeed_a brithwald_n soon_o after_o who_o consecration_n great_a controversy_n arise_v between_o he_o and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n about_o the_o primacy_n wherein_o tatwin_n prevail_v who_o have_v sit_v only_o three_o year_n die_v july_n the_o last_o day_n an._n dom._n 735._o and_o
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of_o the_o whole_a when_o all_o stand_v complete_a in_o their_o glory_n together_o the_o revenue_n yearly_a of_o this_o house_n be_v in_o the_o exchequer_n 1412._o l._n 4._o s._n 7._o d._n ob_fw-la q._n it_o be_v surrender_v 4._o decemb._n 29._o h._n 8._o at_o harbaldowne_n ha●●baldowne_n not_o far_o from_o this_o monastery_n archbishop_n lan●rank_v build_v a_o hospital_n and_o dedicate_v the_o same_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o saint_n john_n to_o the_o which_o he_o annex_v a_o priory_n of_o black_a canon_n value_v both_o together_o at_o the_o dissolution_n to_o 266._o l._n 4_o s._n 5._o d._n ob_fw-la of_o yearly_a revenue_n it_o be_v ordain_v for_o the_o lame_a and_o disease_v which_o as_o yet_o be_v not_o altogether_o suppress_v although_o much_o abate_v as_o i_o hear_v of_o her_o annual_a possession_n in_o which_o house_n be_v reserve_v the_o upper_a leather_n of_o a_o old_a shoe_n harbaldowne_n which_o have_v be_v wear_v as_o they_o give_v it_o out_o by_o saint_n thomas_n becket_n this_o shoe_n as_o a_o sacred_a relic_n be_v offer_v to_o all_o passenger_n to_o kiss_v fair_a set_v in_o copper_n and_o crystal_n hackington_n common_o call_v s._n stephens_n by_o cant._n catal._n this_o church_n in_o former_a time_n be_v honour_v with_o the_o sepulture_n of_o lora_n or_o lor●atta_n countess_n of_o leicester_n daughter_n of_o william_n lord_n brew_v of_o brember_n in_o suffex_n and_o wife_n of_o robert_n de_fw-fr be●lemont_n surname_v fitzp●rnell_n earl_n of_o leicester_n and_o lord_n high_a steward_n of_o england_n a_o most_o honourable_a lady_n kent_n who_o have_v abandon_v all_o worldly_a pleasure_n sequester_v herself_o whole_o from_o the_o world_n to_o serve_v god_n devout_o in_o this_o place_n who_o die_v about_o the_o year_n 1219._o the_o manor_n and_o town_n of_o elham_n be_v her_o inheritance_n priest_n hic_fw-la iacet_fw-la dominus_fw-la johannes_n gower_n nuper_fw-la vicarius_fw-la istius_fw-la ecclesie_n qui_fw-la obijt_fw-la decemb._n 27._o 1457._o cuius_o an●●e_n hic_fw-la iacet_fw-la dominus_fw-la johannes_n ●●ne_n quondam_a vicarius_fw-la istius_fw-la ecclesie_n qui_fw-la obijt_fw-la 8._o aug._n 1457._o cvius_fw-la anime_fw-mi p●●pittetur_fw-la altissimus_fw-la sir_n christopher_n hales_n and_o sir_n roger_n manwood_n lie_v here_o fair_o entomb_v of_o who_o hereafter_o according_a to_o my_o method_n almshouse_n but_o i_o must_v not_o let_v pass_v seven_o alm_n house_n here_o build_v by_o the_o say_a sir_n roger_n manwood_n chief_a baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n ann_n 1573._o for_o age_a honest_a poor_a folk_n which_o he_o endow_v with_o a_o yearly_a allowance_n of_o four_o pound_n in_o money_n bread_n and_o fuel_n for_o every_o one_o of_o those_o almesman_n it_o be_v call_v s._n stephens_n f●r_a that_o the_o image_n of_o saint_n stephen_n stand_v where_o the_o garden_n now_o be_v 〈◊〉_d belong_v to_o sir_n manwoods_n great_a house_n be_v seek_v unto_o by_o many_o pilgrim_n reculuer_n at_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o south_n 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