Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
england_n whole_a wise_a year_n 69 3 4.2943 3 false
View all documents for the selected quad

Text snippets containing the quad

ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A33624 Argumentum anti-normannicum, or, An argument proving, from ancient histories and records, that William, Duke of Normandy, made no absolute conquest of England by the Sword, in the sense of our modern writers being an answer to these four questions, viz. I. Whether William the First made an absolute conquest of this nation at his first entrance?, II. Whether he cancelled and abolished all the confessor's laws?, III. Whether he divided all our estates and fortunes between himself and his nobles?, IV. Whether it be not a grand error to affirm, that there were no English-men in the Common Council of the whole Kingdom? Atwood, William, d. 1705?; Johnson, Samuel, 1649-1703.; Coke, Edward, Sir, 1552-1634.; Petyt, William, 1636-1707.; Cooke, Edward, of the Middle Temple. 1682 (1682) Wing C4907; ESTC R1971 61,200 184

There are 6 snippets containing the selected quad. | View original text

abbot_n under_o the_o tenure_n of_o barony_n be_v first_o make_v in_o this_o parliament_n and_o that_o 3._o likewise_o the_o great_a case_n between_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n and_o this_o same_o bishop_n of_o worcester_n be_v here_o judicial_o determine_v and_o 4._o if_o there_o be_v no_o english_a man_n in_o this_o great_a council_n how_o then_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o york_n and_o london_n be_v there_o who_o certain_o be_v bishop_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o it_o may_v also_o seem_v not_o improbable_a that_o there_o be_v then_o a_o universal_a consent_n among_o they_o that_o these_o two_o bishop_n shall_v be_v entrust_v to_o write_v down_o for_o they_o the_o english_a law_n 5._o and_o there_o be_v one_o great_a thing_n more_o to_o close_v withal_o which_o be_v that_o at_o this_o parliament_n when_o the_o saxon_a law_n be_v confirm_v there_o be_v a_o particular_a law_n pass_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o norman_n 170._o catta_fw-la regis_fw-la willielm_n apud_fw-la lambard_n c._n 54._o fol._n 170._o qui_fw-la ante_fw-la adventum_fw-la guilielmi_n cives_fw-la fuerant_fw-la anglicani_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v participes_fw-la consuetudinum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la dicunt_fw-la anhlote_n &_o anscote_n &_o persolvant_fw-la secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la anglorum_fw-la the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n auhlote●●d_a ●●d_z anscote_n as_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n 31._o sir_n h._n spelm._n gloss._n verbo_fw-la anhlote_n f._n 31._o inform_v we_o be_v vulgò_fw-la scot_n ●_o lot_z that_o be_v that_o every_o such_o french_a man_n shall_v not_o be_v charge_v with_o double_a tax_n and_o duty_n as_o a_o foreigner_n but_o that_o he_o shall_v pay_v his_o easy_a share_n and_o proportion_n as_o any_o natural_a english_a man._n but_o then_o ii_o it_o be_v in_o such_o a_o grand_a assembly_n of_o wise_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n where_o lanfranc_n be_v elect_v to_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n for_o it_o be_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o prelate_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a people_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n this_o likewise_o be_v about_o the_o four_o year_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o a_o ancient_a historian_n write_v thus_o of_o his_o election_n 5._o gervas_n dorobernens_fw-la act._n pont._n cant._n fol._n 1653._o l._n 5._o eligentibus_fw-la eum_fw-la senioribus_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la ac_fw-la principibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_fw-la curia_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o asumptione_n sanctae_fw-la mariae_fw-la but_o another_o contemporary_a writer_n give_v it_o you_o in_o these_o word_n rex_n mitten_n propter_fw-la illum_fw-la in_o normanniam_fw-la 194._o relat._n willielm_n prim_fw-la ad_fw-la finem_fw-la tract_n de_fw-fr gavelkind_n à_fw-fr syla_n taylor_n p._n 194._o fecit_fw-la eum_fw-la venire_fw-la in_o 〈◊〉_d gliam_fw-la eique_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o auxilio_fw-la omnium_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la omniumque_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbatum_fw-la totiusque_fw-la populi_n angliae_fw-la commisit_fw-la ei_fw-la dorobernensem_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la iii_o there_o be_v another_o general_a council_n or_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n 16._o exit_fw-la ca●tulario_n coenobii_fw-la westmonasteriensis_n in_o biblioth_n cotton_n sub_fw-la effigy_n faustinae_fw-la a._n 3._o dugd●l_n orig._n ju●idic_n sol_fw-it 16._o in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o this_o king_n where_o by_o his_o charter_n he_o confirm_v the_o liberty_n of_o that_o church_n after_o he_o have_v subscribe_v his_o own_o name_n with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n add_v many_o of_o the_o great_a clergy_n and_o temporal_a nobility_n and_o instead_o of_o cum_fw-la multis_fw-la aliis_fw-la say_v multis_fw-la praeterea_fw-la illustrissimis_fw-la virorum_fw-la personis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la principibus_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la omissis_fw-la qui_fw-la similitèr_fw-la huic_fw-la confirmationi_fw-la piissimo_fw-la affectu_fw-la testes_fw-la &_o fautores_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la hii_n autem_fw-la illo_fw-la tempore_fw-la à_fw-la regius_fw-la potestate_fw-la diversis_fw-la provinciis_fw-la &_o urbibus_fw-la 471._o provincia_n i.e._n comitatus_fw-la seld._n tit._n hon._n fol._n 273_o spelm._n gloss._n ●_o it_o provincia_n f._n 471._o ad_fw-la universalem_fw-la synodum_fw-la pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la christianae_n ecclesiae_fw-la audiendis_fw-la &_o tractandis_fw-la ad_fw-la praescriptam_fw-la celeberrimam_fw-la synodum_fw-la quod_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la gloss._n parliamentum_fw-la synodus_fw-la magna_fw-la nuncupatur_fw-la somneri_fw-la gloss._n convocati_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o book_n there_o be_v write_v this_o remark_n nota_fw-la hic_fw-la hos_fw-la omnes_fw-la convocari_fw-la à_fw-la rege_fw-la suâ_fw-la auctoritate_fw-la ad_fw-la causas_fw-la religionis_fw-la tract_n andas_fw-la tàm_fw-la nobiles_fw-la de_fw-la clero_fw-la quàm_fw-la principes_fw-la regni_fw-la cum_fw-la aliis_fw-la inferioris_fw-la gradus_fw-la convocatio_fw-la quorum_fw-la videtur_fw-la esse_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la iv_o i_o think_v by_o the_o general_a direction_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o this_o king_n as_o also_o by_o that_o of_o his_o charter_n some_o of_o which_o i_o have_v give_v you_o in_o my_o argument_n to_o your_o three_o question_n and_o therefore_o shall_v refer_v you_o back_o to_o they_o it_o be_v plain_o demonstrable_a that_o william_n have_v as_o well_v english_a baron_n as_o french_a baron_n and_o that_o his_o baron_n be_v always_o a_o part_n of_o his_o great_a council_n will_v hardly_o i_o suppose_v be_v deny_v by_o any_o and_o that_o one_o law_n of_o he_o which_o may_v be_v call_v the_o first_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o the_o norman_a time_n by_o which_o the_o king_n reserve_v to_o himself_o from_o the_o free_a man_n of_o this_o kingdom_n nothing_o but_o their_o free_a service_n due_a to_o he_o according_a to_o law_n in_o the_o conclusion_n say_v that_o they_o 55._o l_o l._n guilielm_n c._n 55._o to_o wit_n the_o english_a shall_v hold_v and_o enjoy_v their_o estate_n well_o and_o in_o peace_n free_a from_o all_o unjust_a exaction_n and_o tallage_n and_o this_o ratify_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n which_o can_v be_v restrain_v to_o the_o norman_a baron_n only_o so_o that_o herein_o be_v assert_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o english_a freeman_n and_o of_o the_o representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o i_o think_v be_v uncontrovertible_a proof_n and_o evidence_n 1._o that_o there_o be_v general_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o this_o first_o william_n time_n 2._o that_o in_o these_o parliament_n the_o english_a baron_n as_o well_o as_o the_o french_a baron_n be_v present_a 3._o and_o last_o that_o there_o likewise_o be_v as_o a_o essential_a part_n thereof_o 1._o the_o communitas_fw-la anglorum_fw-la the_o community_n of_o englishman_n 2._o beside_o the_o bishop_n and_o nobility_n there_o be_v the_o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o people_n of_o england_n and_o 3._o not_o only_o the_o great_a clergy_n and_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n but_o the_o principes_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la a_o regius_fw-la potestate_fw-la diversis_fw-la provinciis_fw-la &_o vrbibus_fw-la ad_fw-la vniversalem_fw-la synodum_fw-la convocati_fw-la etc._n etc._n viz._n the_o chief_a and_o principal_a man_n of_o several_a rank_n and_o degree_n in_o condition_n be_v summon_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o king_n be_v write_v out_o of_o their_o several_a respective_a county_n city_n and_o burrough_n to_o this_o general_n synod_n or_o parliament_n and_o sir_n if_o this_o be_v so_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o both_o yourself_o and_o all_o judicious_a and_o unbiased_a person_n who_o have_v not_o resolve_v to_o espouse_v a_o party_n and_o who_o will_v not_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v draw_v aside_o by_o any_o novel_a unwarrantable_a opinion_n but_o will_v fair_o submit_v their_o judgement_n to_o clear_v and_o perspicuous_a truth_n when_o once_o it_o manifest_o appear_v i_o say_v both_o you_o and_o they_o will_v certain_o rest_v satisfy_v in_o these_o great_a and_o powerful_a authority_n which_o i_o have_v here_o present_v to_o public_a view_n and_o serious_a consideration_n and_o i_o think_v these_o have_v sufficient_o make_v out_o and_o prove_v that_o 1._o william_n the_o first_o vulgar_o call_v the_o conqueror_n do_v not_o get_v the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o england_n by_o the_o sword_n nor_o make_v a_o absolute_a conquest_n of_o the_o nation_n at_o his_o first_o entrance_n 2._o nor_o that_o he_o abolish_v all_o the_o english_a law_n or_o change_v the_o whole_a frame_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n but_o 3._o that_o the_o english_a have_v still_o estate_n and_o fortune_n continue_v to_o they_o and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n in_o any_o to_o affirm_v that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o norman_n divide_v and_o share_v they_o all_o among_o they_o as_o likewise_o 4._o in_o the_o four_o place_n it_o have_v be_v a_o grand_a error_n to_o ascertain_v that_o there_o be_v no_o english_a man_n in_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n now_o sir_n as_o a_o corroborate_n testimony_n to_o explain_v and_o
their_o proper_a land_n or_o under_o some_o base_a favourite_n command_v may_v they_o whilst_o other_o riot_n with_o their_o store_n without_o relief_n beg_v at_o their_o native_a door_n under_o their_o country_n curse_n their_o tyrant_n scorn_n may_v they_o with_o never-ceasing_a pang_n be_v tear_v who_o violate_v the_o sacred_a trust_n to_o which_o they_o be_v bear_v but_o blessed_v be_v thou_o and_o all_o who_o dare_v like_v thou_o brave_o assert_v their_o country_n liberty_n our_o well-built_a freedom_n thou_o do_v make_v to_o appear_v and_o its_o foundation_n from_o time_n rubbish_n clear_a the_o norman_a swear_v to_o law_n by_o which_o we_o be_v free_a law_n be_v more_o his_o than_o our_o security_n he_o king_n the_o people_n joint_n consent_v alone_o do_v make_v which_o by_o that_o sacred_a oath_n he_o win_v or_o that_o same_o joint_a consent_n have_v make_v he_o none_o we_o be_v no_o norman_a slave_n nor_o french_a can_v be_v have_v we_o enough_o true_a englishman_n like_o thou_o but_o now_o my_o muse_n before_o you_o end_v take_v care_n humble_o to_o close_v up_o all_o with_o heaven_n in_o prayer_n prayer_n for_o that_o king_n who_o do_v great_a britain_n rule_n who_o of_o this_o isle_n be_v the_o universal_a soul_n in_o who_o so_o many_o glorious_a virtue_n shine_n as_o make_v he_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o race_n divine_a may_v heaven_n continual_o his_o guardian_n prove_v and_o keep_v he_o safe_a in_o all_o his_o subject_n love_v long_o may_v unruffled_a peace_n adorn_v his_o crown_n may_v all_o the_o law_n in_o their_o smooth_a channel_n run_v and_o flow_a justice_n still_o support_v his_o throne_n thus_o blessed_v and_o thus_o unite_v here_o at_o home_n what_o can_v britain_n monarch_n overcome_v oh_o may_v great_a edward_n and_o five_o henry_n soul_n by_o heavenly_a power_n be_v transfuse_v to_o he_o whole_a may_v he_o ride_v mighty_a admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n scourge_v his_o stubborn_a enemy_n into_o peace_n his_o envy_v neighbour_n all_o their_o power_n disow_v strike_v to_o his_o flag_n and_o tremble_v at_o his_o frown_n and_o the_o humble_a world_n be_v glad_a to_o pay_v he_o fear_n and_o awful_a veneration_n every_o where_n that_o this_o may_v be_v may_v the_o illustrious_a senate_n of_o the_o land_n with_o their_o wise_a council_n ever_o by_o he_o stand_v he_o please_v in_o they_o and_o they_o resolve_v to_o show_v what_o the_o utmost_a stretch_n of_o loyalty_n can_v do_v then_o will_v his_o glory_n shine_v in_o bright_a state_n at_o the_o head_n of_o such_o a_o joint_a triumvirate_n then_o king_n and_o people_n double_o will_v be_v blessed_v and_o europe_n then_o enjoy_v a_o last_a rest._n for_o this_o let_v all_o our_o vow_n to_o heav'en_o be_v send_v to_o see_v great_a charles_n happy_a in_o his_o parliament_n argumentum_fw-la antinormannicum_a sir_n you_o be_v please_v some_o time_n since_o in_o my_o happiness_n of_o a_o short_a but_o free_a conversation_n with_o you_o to_o tell_v i_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o read_v how_o far_o i_o can_v give_v you_o satisfaction_n in_o a_o few_o point_n you_o have_v raise_v to_o yourself_o concern_v the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o that_o within_o a_o little_a while_o i_o shall_v have_v a_o paper_n from_o you_o wherein_o they_o shall_v be_v contain_v you_o be_v not_o long_o sir_n in_o just_o acquit_v yourself_o of_o your_o promise_n to_o i_o i_o do_v receive_v the_o furniture_n of_o these_o ensue_a argument_n by_o the_o four_o question_n you_o send_v i_o and_o hope_v there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v find_v in_o they_o but_o unbiased_a and_o venerable_a truth_n which_o sure_o none_o will_v be_v offend_v to_o hear_v i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o pay_v all_o possible_a respect_n to_o you_o and_o to_o justice_n and_o as_o far_o as_o my_o ability_n can_v reach_v in_o so_o small_a a_o treatise_n have_v impartial_o offer_v my_o thought_n upon_o they_o and_o now_o beg_v your_o candour_n in_o judge_v i_o your_o question_n sir_n be_v these_o the_o first_o question_n i._o whether_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o be_v afterward_o william_n the_o first_o get_v the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o england_n by_o the_o sword_n and_o make_v a_o absolute_a conquest_n of_o the_o nation_n at_o his_o first_o entrance_n the_o second_o question_n ii_o whether_o this_o first_o william_n do_v abolish_v all_o the_o english_a law_n and_o change_v the_o whole_a frame_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n the_o three_o question_n iii_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o english_a have_v neither_o estate_n nor_o fortune_n leave_v but_o all_o be_v divide_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o norman_n the_o four_o question_n iv_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o a_o grand_a error_n to_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v no_o english_a man_n in_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o shall_v take_v they_o sir_n in_o the_o order_n you_o have_v send_v they_o to_o i_o and_o so_o first_o begin_v with_o your_o first_o question_n the_o first_o question_n whether_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o be_v afterward_o william_n the_o first_o get_v the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o england_n by_o the_o sword_n and_o make_v a_o margin_n a_o for_o england_n thus_o much_o i_o dare_v speak_v and_o under_o the_o rule_n of_o modesty_n protest_v that_o sithence_o the_o universal_a conquest_n of_o william_n who_o first_o command_v and_o impose_v tribute_n upon_o this_o land_n for_o conqueror_n may_v command_v tribute_n and_o subsidy_n have_v be_v as_o just_o both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n pay_v in_o england_n as_o in_o jewry_n yea_o and_o just_o continue_v as_o a_o remembrance_n of_o a_o conquest_n dr._n pulbec_n pandect_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n c._n 10._o p._n 69._o one_o blackwood_n write_v a_o book_n which_o conclude_v that_o we_o be_v all_o slave_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o conquest_n vid._n mr._n pety●_n misc._n parl._n p._n 66._o and_o t●_n be_v position_n be_v maintain_v by_o a_o anonymous_n author_n in_o his_o full_a and_o clear_a answer_n to_o mr._n pety●'s_n ancient_n right_o of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n assert_v pag._n 35._o in_o the_o margin_n absolute_a conquest_n of_o the_o nation_n at_o his_o first_o entrance_n as_o you_o have_v state_v the_o question_n sir_n and_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o be_v my_o opinion_n of_o it_o with_o submission_n to_o other_o better_o inform_v and_o who_o be_v more_o able_a to_o maintain_v the_o truth_n of_o those_o principle_n i_o proceed_v upon_o than_o myself_o i_o shall_v return_v you_o this_o modest_a answer_n as_o my_o sense_n and_o judgement_n in_o the_o point_n viz._n that_o i_o can_v conclude_v in_o the_o affirmative_a for_o these_o several_a constrain_a reason_n 1._o that_o william_n lay_v a_o far_o great_a stress_n upon_o his_o claim_n and_o title_n to_o this_o kingdom_n than_o ever_o he_o do_v upon_o his_o great_a and_o mighty_a conquest_n will_v be_v very_o plain_a and_o evident_a if_o you_o please_v but_o to_o consider_v with_o i_o these_o follow_v particular_n 1._o in_o that_o before_o his_o conquest_n when_o the_o people_n have_v choose_v harold_n the_o son_n of_o earl_n godwin_n for_o their_o king_n after_o the_o death_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o have_v put_v aside_o edgar_n atheling_n by_o right_a of_o blood_n and_o inheritance_n entitle_v to_o the_o crown_n this_o norman_a duke_n make_v his_o loud_a complaint_n of_o the_o injury_n do_v he_o in_o not_o elect_v he_o for_o he_o be_v william_n be_v edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v son_n to_o ege●●ed_v k._n of_o england_n by_o emma_n sister_n to_o rich._n ●_o duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o be_v grandfather_n to_o duke_n william_n so_o that_o k_o edward_n and_o duke_n william_n be_v cousin_n germane_a once_o remove_v as_o this_o far_a show_v you_o richard_n 1_o richard_z 2._o emma_n robert_n edward_n william_n cousin_n german_n to_o the_o confessor_n who_o die_v she_o die_v edward_n marry_v edith_n the_o daughter_n of_o e._n godwin_n but_o whether_o upon_o a_o vow_n of_o chastity_n or_o upon_o impotency_n of_o nature_n or_o upon_o any_o hatred_n to_o her_o father_n or_o suspicion_n against_o herself_o for_o all_o these_o cause_n be_v allege_v by_o several_a writer_n of_o those_o time_n he_o forbear_v all_o private_a familiarity_n with_o she_o without_o issue_n and_o therefore_o pretend_v that_o the_o right_n true_o devolve_v upon_o he_o but_o it_o seem_v as_o ill_a luck_n will_v have_v it_o this_o duke_n they_o know_v to_o be_v a_o bastard_n and_o neither_o the_o saxon_a law_n nor_o the_o norman_a custom_n can_v help_v he_o in_o such_o a_o case_n and_o so_o that_o title_n do_v he_o but_o little_a good_a well_o what_o therefore_o be_v to_o be_v his_o next_o work_n why_o 2._o true_o his_o pretence_n be_v then_o that_o the_o confessor_n have_v design_v he_o for_o his_o successor_n 96._o
of_o the_o realm_n this_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n 69._o cite_v in_o white_n be_v sacred_a law_n p._n 69._o or_o land_n be_v look_v upon_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o these_o parliament_n as_o 1._o as_o 27._o e._n 1._o the_o law_n of_o ancient_a time_n 3._o time_n 25._o e._n 3._o of_o old_a time_n use_v and_o 3._o and_o 42._o e._n 3._o the_o old_a law_n who_o age_n make_v it_o the_o more_o venerable_a and_o give_v a_o addition_n of_o honour_n to_o it_o well_o have_v thus_o show_v you_o the_o coronation_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o and_o give_v you_o the_o solemn_a oath_n he_o at_o the_o same_o time_n take_v even_o before_o his_o consecration_n that_o so_o he_o may_v give_v all_o possible_a satisfaction_n to_o the_o english_a of_o his_o resolve_v to_o rule_v according_o and_o also_o have_v make_v it_o plain_a that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o in_o substance_n with_o that_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n take_v before_o he_o i_o shall_v now_o descend_v brief_o to_o set_v before_o you_o some_o of_o his_o own_o charter_n as_o likewise_o some_o of_o william_n the_o second_v and_o of_o henry_n the_o first_o be_v his_o child_n and_o succeed_a king_n and_o from_o they_o evidence_n to_o you_o i_o hope_v demonstrable_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o his_o conquest_n he_o rely_v upon_o when_o he_o be_v settle_v in_o this_o imperial_a throne_n as_o his_o claim_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n jure_fw-la hereditario_fw-la by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n and_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o be_v please_v to_o accept_v of_o these_o ensue_a instance_n 1._o in_o nomine_fw-la patris_fw-la 4._o carta_n antiqua_fw-la litera_fw-la d._n n._n 4._o &_o filii_fw-la &_o spiritus_fw-la sancti_fw-la amen_o ego_fw-la willielmus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la factus_fw-la 2._o in_o nomine_fw-la patris_fw-la inspex_fw-la carta_n 4._o e._n 4._o m._n 27._o per_fw-la inspex_fw-la &_o filii_fw-la &_o spiritus_fw-la sancti_fw-la amen_o ego_fw-la willielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la factus_fw-la 3._o in_o nomine_fw-la sanctae_fw-la &_o individuae_fw-la trinitatis_fw-la 317._o monast._n anglican_n vol._n 1._o fol._n 317._o ego_fw-la willielmus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la notum_fw-la facere_fw-la omnibus_fw-la tam_fw-la posteris_fw-la quam_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la ●idelibus_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la quod_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o angliam_fw-la venissem_fw-la &_o in_o sinibus_fw-la hasting_n cum_fw-la excercitu_fw-la applicuis●em_fw-la contra_fw-la host_n meos_fw-la qui_fw-la mihi_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la injustè_fw-fr conabatur_fw-la auferre_fw-la 4._o in_o ore_fw-la gladii_fw-la say_v william_n the_o first_o be_v charter_n 483._o carta_n westmper_fw-la inspex_fw-la 1._o e._n 4._o parte_fw-la septima_fw-la m._n 26._o mr._n seld._n review_n p._n 483._o regnum_fw-la adeptus_fw-la sum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la devicto_fw-la haroldo_n rege_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la complicibus_fw-la qui_fw-la mihi_fw-la regnum_fw-la cum_fw-la providentia_fw-la dei_fw-la destinatum_fw-la &_o beneficio_fw-la concessionis_fw-la domini_fw-la &_o cognati_fw-la mei_fw-la gloriosi_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la concessum_fw-la conati_fw-la sunt_fw-la auferre_fw-la etc._n etc._n come_v we_o now_o to_o his_o second_o son_n william_n rufus_n 5._o willielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la 352._o carta_n regis_fw-la willielmi_n rusi_n vide_fw-la monast._n anglican_n vol._n 1._o fol._n 352._o willielmo_n vicecomiti_fw-la filio_fw-la baldewini_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o ministris_fw-la qui_fw-la habitant_fw-la in_o devonescira_n salutem_fw-la notifico_fw-la vobis_fw-la quod_fw-la mea_fw-la condonatione_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la beati_fw-la olavi_n regis_fw-la &_o martyris_fw-la à_fw-la monachis_fw-la belli_fw-la aedificata_fw-la in_fw-la honore_fw-la beati_fw-la nicholai_n quam_fw-la cum_fw-la omni_fw-la terra_fw-la quae_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la suprascripti_fw-la martyris_fw-la meo_fw-la privilegio_fw-la videlicet_fw-la literis_fw-la &_o sigillo_fw-la liberam_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la liberam_fw-la &_o quietam_fw-la per_fw-la omne_fw-la cum_fw-la saca_fw-la &_o soca_fw-la &_o thol_a &_o theme_n &_o infangenetheof_o &_o warpeni_fw-la &_o murdro_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la consuetudinibus_fw-la &_o operibus_fw-la &_o auxiliis_fw-la sicut_fw-la pater_fw-la meus_fw-la liberam_fw-la fecit_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la sancti_fw-la martini_n de_fw-la bello_fw-la ubi_fw-la hostem_fw-la devicit_fw-la &_o ubi_fw-la coronam_fw-la regni_fw-la haereditariam_fw-la sibi_fw-la bellando_fw-la adquisivit_fw-la t._n walchelino_n wintoniensi_fw-la episcopo_fw-la &_o rogero_n bigot_n apud_fw-la wintoniam_fw-la from_o william_n rufus_n proceed_v we_o to_o his_o brother_n henry_n the_o first_o and_o say_v he_o 6._o in_o nomine_fw-la sanctae_fw-la &_o individuae_fw-la trinitatis_fw-la 95._o exit_fw-la hist._n eliensis_n eccles._n m._n s._n in_o bibl._n bodleana_n inter_fw-la codices_fw-la cant._n i._n 58._o lib._n 3_o fol_z 2._o a._n monast._n anglican_n vol_n 1._o fol._n 95._o patris_fw-la &_o filii_fw-la &_o spiritus_fw-la sancti_fw-la anno_fw-la incarnationis_fw-la dominicae_fw-la mcviii_o indictione_n ..._o anno_fw-la vero_fw-la pontificatus_fw-la domini_fw-la paschalis_n papae_fw-la secundi_fw-la ✚_o regni_n quoque_fw-la mei_fw-la similiter_fw-la ✚_o ego_fw-la henricus_fw-la providente_fw-la divina_fw-la clementia_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la &_o normannorum_fw-la dux_n willielmi_n magni_fw-la regis_fw-la filius_fw-la qui_fw-la edwardo_n regi_fw-la haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la successit_fw-la in_o regnum_fw-la etc._n etc._n 7._o again_o 845._o monast._n anglican_n vol._n 2._o fol_z 845._o ego_fw-la henricus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la filius_fw-la magni_fw-la regis_fw-la willielmi_n qui_fw-la beatae_fw-la memoriae_fw-la edwardo_n in_o regnum_fw-la successit_fw-la 8._o to_o give_v you_o one_o charter_n more_o aurati_fw-la exit_fw-la ms._n domini_fw-la rogeri_n owen_n equit._n aurati_fw-la the_o word_n of_o that_o of_o henry_n the_o first_o to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n be_v pro_fw-la memoria_fw-la edwardi_fw-la cognati_fw-la mei_fw-la qui_fw-la patrem_fw-la meum_fw-la liberosque_fw-la illius_fw-la in_o regnum_fw-la suum_fw-la adoptivos_fw-la haeredes_fw-la instituit_fw-la and_o thus_o have_v i_o give_v you_o as_o it_o be_v a_o threefold_a cord_n not_o easy_o to_o be_v snap_v asunder_o to_o bind_v hard_o my_o assertion_n and_o to_o convince_v those_o who_o will_v not_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v overrun_v by_o a_o obstinate_a prejudice_n or_o captivate_v by_o a_o bias_v interest_n that_o our_o first_o william_n when_o he_o come_v in_o gain_v not_o such_o a_o absolute_a victory_n as_o be_v pretend_v over_o this_o nation_n for_o when_o he_o come_v in_o he_o have_v not_o subdue_v the_o five_o part_n of_o it_o but_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o election_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n and_o foedus_fw-la pepigit_fw-la he_o make_v a_o solemn_a covenant_n with_o the_o english_a to_o observe_v and_o keep_v those_o law_n which_o be_v bonae_fw-la &_o approbatae_fw-la &_o antiquae_fw-la leges_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o this_o sir_n be_v what_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v clear_o to_o make_v out_o to_o you_o in_o my_o answer_n to_o your_o second_o question_n the_o second_o question_n whether_o this_o first_o william_n do_v abolish_v all_o the_o english_a law_n 2._o quest._n 2._o and_o change_v the_o whole_a frame_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n and_o doubtless_o not_o for_o as_o my_o lord_n coke_n say_v report_n lord_n coke_n preface_n to_o his_o 8_o report_n the_o ground_n of_o our_o common_a law_n at_o this_o day_n be_v beyond_o the_o memory_n or_o register_n of_o any_o beginning_n albani_n exit_fw-la vitâ_fw-la abbatis_fw-la sancti_fw-la albani_n and_o the_o same_o which_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n then_o find_v within_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o those_o law_n he_o swear_v to_o observe_v which_o be_v good_a approve_a and_o ancient_a now_o that_o these_o be_v only_o his_o norwegian_a law_n sure_o none_o can_v or_o aught_o to_o believe_v after_o they_o have_v thorough_o examine_v these_o plain_a truth_n which_o i_o shall_v here_o offer_v to_o their_o fair_a perusal_n 1._o if_o they_o please_v to_o consider_v what_o be_v the_o title_n of_o the_o law_n call_v the_o law_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o publish_v by_o mr._n selden_n with_o his_o learned_a note_n upon_o eadmer_n and_o since_o with_o the_o saxon_a law_n why_o true_o the_o title_n be_v plain_o this_o these_o be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o william_n the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o england_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o land_n 173._o ●elden_a ad_fw-la eadmerum_fw-la fol._n 173._o these_o be_v those_o which_o the_o ●_z edward_n his_o cousin_n hold_v before_o he_o luy_fw-fr ce_fw-fr sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr leis_n &_o les_fw-fr custumes_n que_fw-fr li_n reis_n william_n grantut_v a_o tut_o le_fw-fr peuple_n de_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr apres_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr ice_n les_fw-fr me●smes_n que_fw-fr le_fw-fr reis_n edward_n sun_n cousin_n tint_v devant_fw-fr luy_fw-fr in_o these_o law_n recite_v by_o hoveden_n in_o the_o life_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o king_n edward_n law_n be_v confirm_v in_o these_o word_n this_o we_o command_v that_o
ancient_a right_n of_o the_o english_a men._n beside_o that_o the_o law_n that_o be_v continue_v and_o confirm_v be_v the_o old_a saxon_a law_n and_o the_o additional_a law_n be_v make_v for_o the_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n of_o the_o english_a not_o norman_n and_o those_o law_n of_o saint_n edward_n which_o the_o english_a be_v so_o fond_a of_o this_o william_n solemn_o swear_v before_o god_n angel_n and_o man_n for_o ever_o inviolable_o to_o keep_v and_o observe_v but_o before_o i_o leave_v this_o your_o second_o question_n sir_n i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v no_o way_n improper_a to_o give_v you_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n conquest_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n historian_n and_o learned_a antiquary_n have_v understand_v it_o 1._o matthew_n paris_n 941._o mat._n paris_n fol._n 941._o have_v it_o thus_o rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la ex_fw-la conquestu_fw-la dicitur_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la beatus_fw-la edwardus_fw-la eo_fw-la quòd_fw-la haerede_fw-la caruit_fw-la regnum_fw-la legavit_fw-la willielmo_n bastardo_fw-la duci_fw-la normannorum_fw-la 2._o sir_n henry_n spelman_n 145._o spelm._n gloss._n tit_n conquestus_fw-la fol._n 145._o in_o his_o glossary_n say_v willielmus_fw-la primus_fw-la conquestor_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quia_fw-la angliam_fw-la conquisivit_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la acquisivit_fw-la purchase_v non_fw-la quod_fw-la subegit_fw-la not_o that_o he_o subdue_v it_o 3._o sir_n john_n skene_n 39_o skene_n p._n 39_o clark_n of_o the_o register_n council_n and_o roll_n to_o king_n james_n in_o scotland_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr verborum_fw-la significatione_n tell_v we_o that_o conquestus_fw-la signify_v land_n quhilk_n any_o person_n acquiris_fw-la and_o possessis_fw-la privato_fw-la jure_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la titulo_fw-la veluti_fw-la donatione_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la aliquo_fw-la contractu_fw-la 4._o and_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o not_o improbable_a that_o the_o title_n of_o conqueror_n rather_o than_o of_o victor_n be_v assume_v by_o he_o as_o be_v a_o word_n more_o mild_a and_o original_o signify_v as_o it_o do_v in_o scotland_n a_o purchaser_n which_o be_v he_o that_o come_v to_o a_o real_a estate_n not_o by_o hereditary_a descent_n but_o by_o bargain_n or_o gift_n etc._n etc._n conquestus_fw-la mr._n skene_n de_fw-fr verbórum_fw-la signific_a ver●o_fw-la conquestus_fw-la conquestus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la ratione_fw-la primi_fw-la conquestoris_n &_o cum_fw-la transmittitur_fw-la ad_fw-la ejus_fw-la haeredem_fw-la exuit_fw-la naturam_fw-la conquestus_fw-la &_o induit_fw-la naturam_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la 5._o and_o that_o the_o word_n conquestus_fw-la do_v signify_v what_o the_o historian_n say_v it_o do_v we_o have_v record_n to_o justify_v their_o exposition_n whereof_o i_o shall_v produce_v one_o and_o that_o be_v above_o 480_o year_n ago_o it_o say_v robertus_fw-la filius_fw-la nigelli_n petit_fw-la versus_fw-la richardum_fw-la battle_n capitale_n messuagium_fw-la etc._n etc._n ricardus_n venit_fw-la &_o dicit_fw-la quod_fw-la pater_fw-la etc._n etc._n fuit_fw-la persona_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la de_fw-la conquestu_fw-la svo_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o dedit_fw-la etc._n etc._n placita_fw-la de_fw-la terris_fw-la mich._n 2._o johan._n penes_fw-la camerar_n scaccar_n remanen_n now_o sure_o none_o can_v make_v the_o word_n conquestus_fw-la here_o to_o signify_v that_o the_o father_n of_o battle_n get_v the_o advowson_n by_o conquest_n in_o our_o modern_a sense_n but_o that_o he_o have_v it_o by_o his_o own_o purchase_n 6._o sir_n roger_n twisden_n in_o his_o preface_n before_o king_n william_n law_n and_o he_o well_o enough_o understand_v the_o full_a meaning_n of_o the_o word_n conquestus_fw-la say_v non_fw-fr existimo_fw-la willielmum_fw-la primum_fw-la de_fw-la omnium_fw-la anglorum_fw-la terris_fw-la ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la svam_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la libitu_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la absolutae_fw-la dominationis_fw-la disposuisse_fw-la 1550_o apud_fw-la lambardum_fw-la in_o prefac_o 1550_o i_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o imagine_v that_o william_n the_o first_o have_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o land_n of_o all_o the_o english_a according_a to_o his_o own_o arbitrary_a will_n and_o pleasure_n and_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o absolute_a conquest_n now_o sir_n by_o these_o several_a explanation_n of_o the_o word_n i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o obvious_a to_o any_o impartial_a considerer_n that_o however_o we_o construe_v and_o interpret_v it_o now_o be_v either_o urge_v by_o flattery_n or_o interest_n so_o to_o do_v it_o never_o do_v even_o in_o that_o age_n itself_o import_n or_o signify_v such_o a_o absolute_a and_o entire_a conquest_n as_o to_o carry_v along_o with_o it_o the_o enslave_v of_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n after_o william_n victory_n over_o harold_n nay_o though_o every_o body_n will_v acknowledge_v that_o this_o harold_n come_v to_o the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o england_n 479._o a_o totius_fw-la anglie_o primatibus_fw-la ad_fw-la regale_n culmen_fw-la electus_fw-la ab●ev_n chron._n rad._n de_fw-la dic●ro_fw-la foe_fw-mi 479._o by_o a_o general_a election_n of_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o nation_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o ancient_a author_n call_v he_o conqueror_n and_o what_o then_o shall_v we_o think_v of_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o acquest_n at_o most_o and_o that_o too_o by_o the_o voice_n and_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n say_v he_o defuncti_fw-la ms._n ex_fw-la bib._n domini_fw-la wild_n defuncti_fw-la heraldus_n strenuus_fw-la dux_n conquestor_fw-la angliae_fw-la but_o sir_n this_o be_v not_o all_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o patience_n and_o leave_n for_o the_o better_a illustration_n of_o the_o word_n conquest_n and_o to_o disabuse_v the_o world_n in_o this_o point_n to_o present_v you_o with_o this_o follow_a summary_n series_n of_o the_o style_n of_o our_o several_a descendant_n king_n from_o this_o william_n the_o first_o inclusive_o to_o the_o great_a king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o therein_o make_v a_o observation_n which_o perhaps_o as_o yet_o have_v scarce_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o style_n of_o the_o king_n 1._o willielmus_fw-la 1._o w._n 1._o rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o sometime_o willielmus_fw-la cognomento_fw-la bastardus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n 2._o willielmus_fw-la 2._o w._n 2._o rufus_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o sometime_o willielmus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n 3._o henricus_fw-la 1._o h._n 1._o rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o sometime_o henricus_n willielmi_n magni_fw-la regis_fw-la filius_fw-la 4._o stephanus_n steph._n steph._n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o sometime_o stephanus_n dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n 5._o henricus_n 2._o h._n 2._o omit_v dei_fw-la gratia_n and_o use_v this_o style_n henricus_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o sometime_o henricus_fw-la filius_fw-la imperatricis_fw-la matildae_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n 6._o richardus_fw-la 1._o r._n 1._o rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n 7._o johannes_n john_n john_n rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o add_v this_o dominus_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la 8._o henricus_fw-la 3._o h._n 3._o filius_fw-la johannis_n rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n 9_o edwardus_fw-la 1._o e._n 1._o rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n 10._o edwardus_fw-la 2._o e._n 2._o filius_fw-la edwardi_fw-la primi_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o now_o we_o be_v come_v to_o the_o great_a epocha_n of_o time_n when_o the_o style_n of_o our_o king_n alter_v edward_n the_o three_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n in_o several_a record_n write_v himself_o edwardus_fw-la filius_fw-la edwardi_fw-la filii_fw-la edwardi_fw-la that_o be_v edward_z the_o son_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o the_o son_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o but_o this_o distinction_n not_o be_v well_o approve_v of_o and_o have_v consider_v that_o before_o the_o conquest_n there_o have_v be_v two_o king_n edward_n he_o in_o all_o fine_n and_o in_o general_a record_n write_v himself_o edwardus_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n tertius_fw-la post_fw-la conquestum_fw-la which_o be_v do_v in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1328._o which_o rule_n be_v follow_v by_o richard_n 2._o hen._n 4._o hen._n 5._o hen._n 6._o and_o so_o to_o succeed_a king_n downward_o and_o sir_n to_o give_v you_o a_o further_a proof_n that_o king_n william_n do_v not_o cancel_v and_o abolish_v all_o the_o english_a law_n nor_o change_n as_o be_v so_o much_o affirm_v the_o whole_a frame_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n be_v please_v to_o hear_v the_o judgement_n of_o mr._n selden_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o sir_n winston_n churchill_n and_o i_o hope_v they_o be_v such_o unquestionable_a authority_n as_o may_v sufficient_o balance_v if_o not_o total_o depress_v the_o fierce_a of_o gainsayers_a i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o great_a and_o ever_o famous_a selden_n for_o who_o memory_n as_o true_o deserve_v i_o have_v the_o high_a regard_n and_o shall_v transcribe_v his_o word_n at_o large_a which_o may_v not_o only_o serve_v for_o a_o good_a solution_n to_o this_o your_o second_o question_n but_o indeed_o may_v possible_o full_o satisfy_v you_o as_o to_o your_o other_o three_o his_o word_n be_v the_o law_n
or_o distress_n and_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v use_v in_o the_o custumary_n that_o which_o put_v it_o further_o out_o of_o scruple_n be_v that_o there_o be_v yet_o extant_a the_o manuscript_n themselves_o of_o the_o saxon_a law_n make_v in_o the_o parliamentary_a council_n hold_v by_o they_o here_o which_o be_v in_o the_o language_n and_o character_n of_o those_o time_n and_o contain_v in_o they_o many_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o the_o norman_a custumary_n it_o be_v no_o improbable_a opinion_n that_o there_o be_v a_o former_a establishment_n of_o our_o law_n in_o normandy_n before_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 1._o and_o that_o it_o be_v by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n who_o as_o all_o writer_n of_o our_o history_n agree_v be_v a_o great_a collector_n and_o compiler_n of_o our_o english_a law_n he_o live_v a_o long_a time_n with_o his_o kinsman_n duke_n william_n in_o normandy_n who_o be_v willing_a to_o please_v the_o confessor_n in_o hope_n to_o be_v appoint_v by_o he_o to_o be_v his_o successor_n wherein_o the_o duke_n expectation_n do_v not_o fail_v he_o the_o confessor_n have_v no_o child_n and_o find_v normandy_n without_o a_o settle_a government_n and_o want_v law_n advise_v with_o his_o kinsman_n duke_n william_n to_o receive_v from_o he_o the_o law_n of_o england_n which_o he_o have_v collect_v and_o to_o establish_v they_o in_o normandy_n which_o duke_n william_n and_o his_o lord_n ready_o accept_v for_o the_o good_a of_o their_o people_n and_o thereby_o oblige_v the_o confessor_n another_o proof_n hereof_o be_v that_o such_o law_n as_o the_o norman_n have_v before_o the_o time_n of_o duke_n william_n be_v different_a from_o those_o in_o the_o custumary_n and_o from_o the_o english_a law_n as_o their_o law_n that_o the_o husband_n shall_v be_v hang_v if_o his_o wife_n be_v a_o thief_n and_o he_o do_v not_o discover_v it_o the_o mean_a people_n be_v as_o slave_n and_o the_o like_a and_o the_o trial_n of_o theft_n by_o ordeil_n which_o then_o be_v not_o in_o england_n wigorniensis_fw-la report_n that_o the_o norman_n who_o come_v in_o with_o queen_n emma_n the_o wife_n of_o etheir_v be_v so_o hate_v of_o the_o english_a for_o their_o injustice_n and_o false_a judgement_n that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n canutus_n they_o be_v for_o this_o cause_n banish_v and_o it_o be_v the_o less_o probable_a that_o they_o be_v so_o unjust_a themselves_o shall_v introduce_v so_o just_a law_n as_o we_o be_v between_o the_o conquest_n of_o normandy_n by_o rolio_n and_o the_o invasion_n of_o england_n by_o duke_n william_n there_o be_v not_o above_o 160_o year_n that_o of_o normandy_n be_v about_o anno_fw-la 912._o that_o of_o england_n anno_fw-la 1060._o it_o be_v not_o then_o consonant_a to_o reason_n that_o those_o norman_n pagan_n a_o rough_a martial_a people_n descend_v from_o so_o many_o barbarous_a nation_n shall_v in_o the_o time_n of_o 150_o year_n establish_v such_o excellent_a law_n among_o themselves_o and_o so_o different_a from_o the_o french_a law_n among_o who_o they_o be_v and_o all_o part_n in_o the_o world_n except_o england_n and_o such_o law_n which_o be_v not_o only_o fit_a for_o their_o dukedom_n and_o small_a territory_n but_o fit_a also_o for_o this_o kingdom_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v the_o second_o in_o europe_n for_o antiquity_n and_o worth_n by_o confession_n of_o most_o foreign_a historian_n if_o we_o will_v give_v credit_n to_o their_o own_o author_n this_o point_n will_v be_v sufficient_o evince_v by_o they_o these_o word_n be_v in_o the_o proem_n of_o the_o custumary_n which_o be_v entitle_v descriptio_fw-la normanniae_fw-la hucusque_fw-la normannicae_fw-la consvetudines_fw-la latorem_fw-la sive_fw-la datorem_fw-la sanctum_fw-la edwardum_fw-la angliae_fw-la regem_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o same_o be_v witness_v by_o chronica_fw-la chronicorum_fw-la that_o st._n edward_n king_n of_o england_n give_v the_o law_n to_o the_o norman_n when_o he_o be_v long_o harbour_v there_o and_o that_o he_o make_v both_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o normandy_n appear_v sufficient_o by_o the_o conformity_n of_o they_o for_o which_o he_o cite_v several_a particular_n as_o of_o appeal_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n ad_fw-la probandum_fw-la aliquid_fw-la per_fw-la credentiam_fw-la duodecim_fw-la hominum_fw-la vicinorum_fw-la which_o he_o say_v remain_v in_o normandy_n to_o that_o day_n polydore_v forget_v himself_o what_o he_o write_v in_o another_o place_n say_v of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o that_o when_o a_o doubt_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o proposal_n of_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n to_o scotland_n that_o thereby_o england_n may_v in_o time_n be_v subject_a unto_o scotland_n the_o king_n answer_v no_o and_o that_o england_n as_o the_o great_a will_v draw_v it_o to_o scotland_n be_v the_o less_o and_o incorporate_v it_o to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n as_o say_v the_o historian_n it_o do_v normandy_n though_o the_o owner_n thereof_o be_v conqueror_n of_o england_n and_o sir_n roger_n owen_n in_o his_o manuscript_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v not_o any_o of_o our_o historian_n that_o live_v in_o the_o space_n of_o 200_o year_n immediate_o after_o the_o conquest_n which_o do_v describe_v our_o law_n to_o be_v take_v away_o and_o the_o norman_a custom_n introduce_v by_o the_o conqueror_n some_o of_o they_o and_o not_o improbable_o mention_v the_o alteration_n of_o some_o part_n of_o they_o and_o the_o bring_n in_o some_o norman_a custom_n effectual_a for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o peace_n there_o be_v yet_o behind_o the_o great_a argument_n most_o insist_v on_o and_o often_o urge_v by_o the_o gentleman_n of_o another_o opinion_n which_o be_v the_o title_n of_o william_n who_o be_v call_v the_o conqueror_n from_o whence_o they_o conclude_v that_o by_o his_o conquest_n he_o change_v the_o law_n and_o government_n of_o this_o nation_n and_o that_o his_o successor_n reckon_v the_o beginning_n of_o their_o reign_n from_o his_o conquest_n to_o this_o be_v answer_v that_o a_o posse_fw-la ad_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la valet_fw-la argumentum_fw-la the_o conquer_a of_o the_o land_n be_v one_o thing_n the_o introduce_v of_o new_a law_n be_v another_o thing_n but_o there_o be_v direct_a proof_n to_o the_o contrary_a of_o this_o argument_n duke_n william_n never_o surnamed_n himself_o the_o conqueror_n nor_o be_v so_o call_v in_o his_o life-time_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o all_o the_o letter_n patent_n and_o deed_n that_o he_o make_v wherein_o he_o be_v call_v guilielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la dux_n etc._n etc._n never_o conquestor_n and_o our_o ancient_a historian_n give_v he_o the_o same_o title_n and_o not_o that_o of_o conqueror_n in_o the_o title_n of_o nubrigensis_n book_n he_o be_v surname_v william_n the_o bastard_n malmsbury_n call_v he_o william_n the_o first_o hoveden_n william_n the_o elder_a adam_n de_fw-fr monmoth_n say_v that_o 1._o ed._n 3._o this_o word_n conquest_n be_v find_v out_o to_o denote_v and_o distinguish_v the_o certain_a edward_n because_o two_o of_o the_o same_o name_n be_v predecessor_n to_o this_o king_n and_o to_o the_o conqueror_n who_o claim_v the_o crown_n as_o heir_n to_o edward_n the_o confessor_n but_o say_v he_o we_o call_v he_o the_o conqueror_n for_o that_o he_o overcome_v harold_n duke_n william_n himself_o claim_v to_o be_v king_n of_o england_n as_o successor_n and_o adopt_a heir_n of_o the_o confessor_n by_o his_o will_n and_o harold_n renounce_v of_o his_o title_n by_o oath_n the_o register_n of_o st._n alban_n matth._n paris_n and_o other_o attest_v that_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n do_v homage_n to_o he_o as_o successor_n and_o he_o rely_v on_o they_o in_o his_o foreign_a war_n and_o the_o check_v give_v to_o he_o by_o the_o kentish_a man_n and_o the_o force_n gather_v by_o the_o abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n bring_v he_o to_o engage_v to_o confirm_v the_o law_n of_o the_o confessor_n and_o as_o his_o successor_n by_o legal_a right_n they_o admit_v he_o to_o be_v their_o king_n volaterus_n write_v that_o he_o be_v make_v heir_n to_o the_o confessor_n and_o be_v uncle_n to_o he_o another_o affirm_v that_o edward_n by_o his_o will_n leave_v england_n to_o he_o paulus_n aemilius_n and_o fulgasius_n be_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n pope_n alexander_n the_o 11_o the_o send_v he_o a_o banner_n as_o witness_v that_o with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n he_o may_v expel_v harold_n the_o tyrant_n because_o the_o crown_n be_v due_a to_o he_o by_o the_o confessor_n will_v and_o by_o harold_n oath_n agreeable_a hereunto_o be_v gemiticensis_n walsingham_n malmesbury_n huntingdon_n ingulphus_n paris_n pike_n wendover_n gaxton_n gisburn_n and_o other_o the_o ancient_a deed_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n which_o be_v sometime_o in_o my_o custody_n do_v prove_v this_o king_n william_n in_o his_o charter_n to_o they_o set_v forth_o his_o own_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n thus_o beneficio_fw-la concessionis_fw-la &_o cognati_fw-la mei_fw-la gloriosi_fw-la
regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la in_o his_o second_o charter_n date_v anno_fw-la 15._o of_o his_o reign_n he_o say_v in_o honour_n of_o king_n edward_n who_o make_v i_o his_o heir_n and_o adopt_v i_o to_o rule_v over_o this_o nation_n in_o his_o charter_n date_v 1088._o of_o the_o liberty_n of_o st._n martin_n the_o great_a in_o the_o manuscript_n thereof_o be_v these_o word_n in_o example_n of_o moses_n who_o build_v the_o tabernable_a and_o of_o solomon_n who_o build_v the_o temple_n ego_fw-la guilielmus_fw-la dei_fw-la dispositione_n &_o consanguinitatis_fw-la haereditate_fw-la anglorum_fw-la basileus_n etc._n etc._n the_o charter_n of_o hen._n 1._o his_o son_n to_o this_o abbey_n in_o honour_n of_o edward_n my_o kinsman_n who_o adopt_v my_o father_n and_o his_o child_n to_o be_v heir_n to_o this_o kingdom_n etc._n etc._n in_o another_o charter_n of_o hen._n 1._o in_o the_o book_n of_o ely_n he_o call_v himself_o the_o son_n of_o king_n william_n the_o great_a who_o by_o hereditary_n right_o succeed_v king_n edward_n it_o be_v true_a as_o to_o his_o pretence_n of_o title_n by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o confessor_n matthew_n paris_n object_v that_o the_o devise_n be_v void_a be_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o baron_n to_o which_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o probable_o the_o law_n may_v be_v so_o in_o hen._n 3._o time_n when_o paris_n write_v and_o be_v so_o take_v to_o be_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o carlisle_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o king_n john_n but_o at_o the_o time_n of_o duke_n william_n invasion_n the_o law_n be_v take_v to_o be_v that_o a_o kingdom_n may_v be_v transfer_v by_o will._n so_o be_v that_o of_o sixtus_n rufus_n and_o asia_n come_v to_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o will_n of_o king_n attalus_n the_o word_n by_o annaeus_n florus_n be_v populus_fw-la romanus_n bonorum_fw-la meorum_fw-la haeres_fw-la esto_fw-la bithynia_n come_v to_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o last_o will_n of_o their_o king_n nicomedes_n which_o be_v remember_v by_o vtropius_fw-la together_o with_o that_o of_o libya_n cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o alexandria_n by_o the_o last_o will_n of_o their_o king_n be_v devolve_v to_o rome_n and_o prasutagus_n rex_fw-la icenorum_n in_o england_n upon_o his_o deathbed_n give_v his_o kingdom_n to_o the_o emperor_n nero._n as_o to_o example_n in_o this_o point_n at_o home_n this_o king_n william_n the_o first_o by_o his_o will_n give_v england_n to_o his_o young_a son_n william_n rufus_n king_n stephen_n claim_v by_o the_o will_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o have_v power_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o order_v the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o he_o please_v by_o will._n and_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o council_n in_o queen_n mary_n time_n write_v to_o she_o that_o the_o lady_n iane_n title_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v by_o the_o will_n and_o letter_n of_o edward_n the_o six_o as._n the_o case_n of_o hen._n 8._o be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o duke_n william_n after_o he_o have_v conquer_v harold_n be_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o people_n of_o england_n accept_v for_o their_o king_n and_o so_o his_o title_n by_o will_n confirm_v and_o he_o both_o claim_v and_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n as_o a_o heir_n and_o successor_n confirm_v their_o ancient_a law_n and_o rule_v according_a to_o they_o this_o appear_v by_o chronica_fw-la chronicorum_fw-la speak_v of_o william_n the_o bastard_n king_n of_o england_n and_o duke_n of_o normandy_n he_o say_v that_o whereas_o as_o st._n edward_n have_v no_o heir_n of_o england_n william_n have_v conquer_v harold_n the_o usurper_n obtain_v the_o crown_n under_o this_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v inviolable_o observe_v those_o law_n give_v by_o the_o say_v edward_n it_o be_v testify_v likewise_o by_o many_o of_o our_o historian_n that_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o england_n be_v confirm_v by_o duke_n william_n jornalensis_n say_v that_o out_o of_o the_o merchen-lage_n west-saxon-lage_n and_o dane-lage_n the_o confessor_n compose_v the_o common_a law_n which_o remain_v to_o this_o day_n malmesbury_n who_o live_v in_o duke_n william_n time_n say_v that_o the_o king_n be_v swear_v to_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o the_o confessor_n so_o call_v say_v he_o because_o he_o observe_v they_o most_o religious_o but_o to_o make_v this_o point_n clear_a out_o of_o ingulphus_n he_o say_v in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o chronicle_n i_o ingulphus_n bring_v with_o i_o from_o london_n into_o my_o monastery_n crowland_n the_o law_n of_o the_o most_o righteous_a king_n edward_n which_o my_o lord_n king_n william_n do_v command_v by_o his_o proclamation_n to_o be_v authentic_a and_o perpetual_a and_o to_o be_v observe_v throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n upon_o pain_n of_o most_o heinous_a punishment_n the_o lieger-book_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o waltham_n commend_v duke_n william_n for_o restore_v the_o law_n of_o the_o englishman_n out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n radburn_n follow_v this_o opinion_n and_o these_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v the_o same_o in_o part_n which_o be_v continue_v in_o our_o great_a charter_n of_o liberty_n a_o manuscript_n entitle_v de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la say_v that_o at_o a_o parliament_n at_o london_n 4._o w._n 1._o the_o lawyer_n also_o present_a that_o the_o king_n may_v hear_v their_o law_n he_o establish_a saint_n edward_n law_n they_o be_v former_o use_v in_o king_n edgar_n time_n there_o be_v also_o mention_v of_o the_o twelve_o man_n out_o of_o every_o county_n to_o deliver_v true_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o law_n the_o same_o be_v remember_v by_o selden_n history_n of_o tithe_n and_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o in_o a_o manuscript_n chronicle_v bind_v with_o the_o book_n of_o ely_n in_o cotton_n library_n one_o of_o the_o worthy_a gentleman_n from_o who_o i_o differ_v in_o opinion_n be_v please_v to_o say_v that_o if_o william_n the_o conqueror_n do_v not_o introduce_v the_o law_n of_o normandy_n into_o england_n yet_o he_o conceive_v our_o law_n to_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o france_n hither_o in_o the_o time_n of_o some_o other_o of_o our_o king_n who_o have_v large_a territory_n in_o france_n and_o bring_v in_o their_o law_n hither_o else_o he_o wonder_v how_o our_o law_n shall_v be_v in_o french_a sir_n i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o satisfy_v his_o wonder_n therein_o by_o and_o by_o but_o first_o with_o your_o leave_n i_o shall_v offer_v to_o you_o some_o probability_n out_o of_o the_o history_n that_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v by_o some_o of_o those_o king_n carry_v into_o france_n rather_o than_o the_o law_n of_o france_n bring_v hither_o this_o be_v express_o affirm_v by_o paulus_n jovius_n who_o write_v that_o when_o the_o english_a king_n reign_v in_o a_o great_a part_n of_o france_n they_o teach_v the_o french_a their_o law_n sabellicus_n a_o venetian_a historian_n write_v that_o the_o norman_n in_o their_o manner_n and_o custom_n and_o law_n follow_v the_o english_a polydore_v virgil_n contradict_v himself_o in_o another_o place_n than_o before_o cite_v relate_v that_o in_o our_o king_n hen._n 6._o time_n the_o duke_n of_o bedford_n call_v together_o the_o chief_a man_n of_o all_o the_o city_n in_o normandy_n and_o deliver_v in_o his_o oration_n to_o they_o the_o many_o benefit_n that_o the_o english_a afford_v they_o especial_o in_o that_o the_o english_a give_v to_o they_o their_o custom_n and_o law_n by_o the_o chronicle_n of_o eltham_n h._n 5._o send_v to_o cane_n in_o normandy_n not_o only_o divine_n but_o english_a common_a lawyer_n by_o the_o agreement_n at_o troy_n so_o there_o be_v much_o more_o probability_n that_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v introduce_v into_o france_n and_o normandy_n than_o that_o the_o law_n of_o normandy_n or_o any_o other_o part_n of_o france_n be_v introduce_v into_o england_n if_o the_o norman_n have_v be_v conqueror_n of_o england_n as_o they_o be_v not_o but_o their_o duke_n be_v only_o a_o conqueror_n of_o harold_n and_o receive_v as_o hereditary_a king_n of_o england_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o probable_a they_o will_v have_v change_v our_o law_n and_o have_v introduce_v they_o because_o they_o do_v not_o use_v to_o do_v so_o upon_o other_o conquest_n the_o norman_n conquer_v the_o isle_n of_o guernsey_n and_o jersey_n yet_o alter_v not_o their_o law_n which_o in_o their_o local_a custom_n be_v like_a unto_o we_o the_o like_a they_o do_v in_o sicily_n naples_n and_o apulia_n where_o they_o be_v conqueror_n yet_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o those_o country_n be_v continue_v i_o hope_v mr._n speaker_n i_o have_v by_o this_o time_n give_v some_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o worthy_a gentleman_n who_o differ_v from_o i_o that_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v not_o impose_v upon_o we_o by_o the_o conqueror_n nor_o bring_v over_o