or were taken by force and Toledo it self did not escape for it appears that City submitted to King Ferdinand so that a very small part remain'd to the young King On the other side the King of Navarre thinking this a good opportunity to recover his losses having first made Peace with Aragon broke into the Dominions of Castile and possess'd himself of Logron̄o Entren̄a Briviesca and other Towns Thus all the Country was filled with confusion Whilst Castile was thus rent with intestine Divisions the Moors of Andaluzia enjoy'd perfect Peace Only the Forces of Portugal and Aragon kept them in aw Raymund Prince of Aragon was in great renown for his perpetual good Fortune which was such that Lope the Moorish King of Murcia was subject to him and in France he had taken above 30 Strong-Holds and the Town of Trencataye which he destroy'd from the Family of Beauce who invaded Provence The Emperor Frederick who had favoured his Enemies sought his Friendship and a League was concluded betwixt them Raymund had brought out of Castile Rica the Widow of the Emperor Alonso and his Daughter Sancha contracted to his own Son At the instance of the Emperor Frederick it was agreed that Rica who was his Kinswoman should Marry Raymund Berengarius Earl of Provence who thereupon should possess all the said Earldom of Provence and the City Arles with its Territory To ratifie this Agreement it was resolv'd both Raymunds should meet the Emperor at Turin on the first of August in the Year 1162. On the way thither at S. Dalmacius a Town at the foot of the Alps Raymund Prince of Aragon fell sick and dy'd the 6th day of the same Month. Notwithstanding his Death Raymund Earl of Provence obtained of the Emperor all he desired Prince Raymund's Body was brought to his Country and buried in the Monastery of Ripoli as he had ordered Cortes or a Parliament being held at Huesca Raymund's last Will left by word of Mouth was repeated whereby he declared his Son Raymund his Successor who took possession of his Father's Principality by the name of Alonso To Peter his second Son he left Cerdagne Carcassonne and Narbonne Sancho the youngest was to succeed Peter in case he died without Heirs He made no mention of his Daughter Dulcis who was after Queen of Portugal nor of his Bastard Son Berengarius who was Bishop of Taraçona and Lerida and Abbot of Montaragon The King's Minority he being but 11 years old gave an opportunity to turbulent Spirits to raise Commotions An Impostor now openly affirmed he was King Alonso who as has been said was killed 28 years before at the Battle of Fraga He said he had been till then in Asia serving against the Infidels in the Holy-Land His Age and Features but most of all the Love the Multitude has for Novelties gained him some Reputation Great mischiefs might have ensued had not the Impostor been taken at Zaragoça and put to Death in the very beginning of the Tumult In the Year 1163. the Assembly of States or Parliament of Aragon was held at Barcelona The Queen Petronilla by the advice of the Nobility resigned over the Crown of Aragon to her Son then 13 years of Age. Raymund Earl of Provence who had some time governed Catalonia for his Cousin returned home and died in the Year 1166. King Alonso receiving the News at Girona by advice of the Nobility called himself Marquess of Provence for they pretended by the Emperor's Grant that Country was not only given to the late Earl of Provence but to Raymund Prince of Aragon and his Heirs which occasioned Wars in France CHAP. IV. Alonso the young King of Castile takes upon him the Government recovers most of his Dominions joins in League with the Aragonian and Marries Ellenor Daughter to Henry II. King of England Some Actions of Ferdinand King of Leon. IN Castile the People growing weary of the King of Leon invited their young King Alonso to take upon him the Government promising all would declare for him These invitations and the persuasions of the Nobility prevailed and he resolved to depart from Avila and visit the principal places of the Kingdom This was in the Year 1168. as some write I rather believe two years sooner by the computation of time for when his Father died he was 4 years of age and at this time 11. He was not deceived for many Cities received him with Joy and furnished all Necessaries for him and his Retinue which at first consisted of only a few Nobles and a Guard of 150 Horse furnished by the City Avila This was a small Force to recover so many Places as the King of Leon held with strong Garisons The King encouraged by Success resolved to try Toledo but feared Ferdinand Ruiz de Castro who held it would not be prevailed upon to deliver that City Stephen Illan a Citizen of note had built the Church of S. Romanus in the highest part of the City and adjoyning to it a Tower which served as well for Strength as an Ornament He was an Enemy to Ferdinand de Castro and therefore getting privately out of the City he conveyed the King disguised into the Tower Then setting up the Royal Standard he gave notice the King was there whereupon the Citizens running to Arms Ferdinand de Castro fled to Huete a Town then very strong as lying upon the Frontiers exposed to the Moors The People of Toledo as well those who had been against admitting the King as the most Loyal expressed great Joy and nothing resounded but God save the King Stephen Illan for his good Service was much honoured and made Governour of the City After his death the Citizens caused his Picture on Horse-back to be drawn on the Roof of the Cathedral behind the High Altar where it is still to be seen The King entred Toledo upon Friday the 26th of August On Michaelmass-day following died John Archbishop of Toledo when he had governed that Church with much applause 16 years Cerebrunus or Cenebrunus succeeded him a Man grateful to King Alonso having taught him the first Rudiments of Learning He had been Arch-deacon of Toledo and Bishop of Siguença and it is thought was a Frenchman The King after securing Toledo at the instigation of Manrique Earl of Lara his General marched against Ferdinand de Castro who refused not to meet him being supported by the People of Huete that stood firm to him Two Leagues from that Town at a place called Garcinaharro they came to a Battle Ferdinand de Castro fought in a disguise D. Manrique with all his might charged a Gentleman that was armed like a General and killed him believing it had been Ferdinand but was himself soon after slain by one of the said Ferdinand's Followers The General being killed the King's Forces were put to flight Nun̄o Brother to Manrique understanding the deceit used by Ferdinand de Castro laid Treachery to his charge
Brother who call'd himself Hercules He after having imbroil'd France making himself Head of the Hereticks repair'd to the Low Countries and there at his first coming possessed himself of Cambray which till then continued Loyal This was not all for the following Year he went to Antwerp and there caused himself to be declar'd Duke of Brabant which was but a meer shadow the Prince of Orange having all the Power His Authority lasted not long being at the same time disappointed of Marrying the Queen of England Anno 1582. At Antwerp a youth a Biscainer call'd John de Xauregui resolv'd to kill the Prince of Orange To this intent one day after dinner he fired a Musket at him yet killed him not but gave him a dangerous Wound in the Cheek The young Man was presently torn to pieces and all that knew of the design executed A Burgundian managed his Business more successfully for being admitted into the Prince's Family he soon after killed him in Holland At Toledo was held a Provincial Synod in which were 7 Bishops and 2 Abbots and D. Gaspar de Quiroga Archbishop of Toledo presided the Marquis de Velada assisted at it in the King's Name This Year Pope Gregory cut off 10 days in October to reduce the Solsticies and Equinoxes to their former place Besides the Golden Number was taken from the Calendar and in its place was substituted the Epact all to regulate the Observation of Times for the future better than it was before Mary the Empress came to Spain and went to Lisbon where the King her Brother was settling the Affairs of that Kingdom and with him Cardinal Albertus Son to the Empress a Prince of extraordinary Parts Antony who called himself King of Portugal after he was overthrown fled into France and having gathered a Fleet there sailed over to the Islands Terceras otherwise called Açores which still held out for him Near the Island of S. Michael he was vanquished in a Sea Fight by D. Alvaro Baçan Marquis of Santa Cruz. Philip Strozzi one of the Admirals of the French Fleet was killed the Count de Brissac the other Admiral together with Antony the pretended King saved themselves by flight All the Prisoners of Note to the number of 80 and many others the Marquis put to death the King of France consenting to it Nevertheless the People of Tercera would not submit Anno 1583. This Year the Marquis return'd and fully subdu'd them D. Ferdinand Alvarez de Toledo Duke of Alva departed this Life at Lisbon aged 74 Years Soon after him died there also Sancho de Avila of the kick of a Horse on the 8th of June He was of the House of Velada and born at Avila Prince James Son to King Philip deceased at Madrid on the 1st of February for which reason the Three Estates in Portugal swore his Brother Prince Philip Heir to that Crown This Parliament being dissolv'd and Cardinal Albertus the King's Nephew constituted Governour of Portugal King Philip return'd to Castile to provide for the necessary Affairs there Anno 1584. The Duke of Alençon having obtain'd his Brother's Pardon return'd into France after he had been in England and Flanders but going from Paris soon died either of Sickness or Poisoned as some would have it Death put an end to his aspiring Thoughts which had compassed the Sovereignty of England France and Flanders The Prince of Orange was killed with a Musket-shot on the 10th of June by a young Burgundian call'd Baltasar who had entred into his Service to that purpose Such was the death of the Author of so many Mischiefs but this did not pacify the Flemmings King Philip had by his Wife Queen Elizabeth two Daughters Elizabeth and Catherine It was reported the eldest was kept for her Cousin the Emperor Rodulphus The youngest was contracted to Charles Duke of Savoy Zaragoça the principal City of Aragon was the place appointed for celebrating of the Nuptials Before the King set forward upon this Journey the Three Estates of Castile at Madrid swore Prince Philip Heir to the Crown This Ceremony was perform'd on the 11th of November being Sunday and the day of S. Martin in the Monastery of S. Hierome near that Town Quiroga Cardinal of Toledo sang the Mass Anno 1585. This Solemnity being performed the King set out for Zaragoca in very rough Weather the Winter Season not being yet past Thither came also the Duke of Savoy by Sea and was received with great Honour by the King his Father-in-Law The Marriage was celebrated with great Pomp and Ostentation on the 18th of March News was brought not long after that Pope Gregory being very aged and famous for his great Wisdom departed this Life at Rome the 12th of April In May following Cardinal Felix Montalto who had first bin General of the Recolet Franciscans then Bishop and afterwards Cardinal was lastly promoted to S. Peter's Chair He took the Name of Sixtus the Fifth governed the Church five Years and four Months and had many good Qualities but as there is no Man without a fault he is blamed for being too severe and covetous and for promoting of his Kinsmen more than was justifiable He Canonized S. James of Alcala a Franciscan whose Body is kept and Honour'd in the Monastery of that Order at Alcala The Prince of Parma made War against the Rebels in the Low Countries and having recover'd Gent and many other Places after a long and streight Siege he kept upon Antwerp forced it to surrender in August This Siege was very famous for the many extraordinary Devices used on both sides as also for the obstinacy of the Defendants but the Conduct of the General and Valour of the Spaniards overcame all Difficulties King Philip accompanied the new-Married Couple as far as Barcelona whence they sailed for Italy In his return at Monçon he held the Cortes or Parliament of Aragon which sate long many difficulties arising among them The violent heat of Summer and Autumn which proved sickly was the cause that many died there especially of the Strangers and Courtiers At last this Parliament swore Prince Philip Heir of all those Domimions Pope Sixtus at his first Accession to the Papacy published his Bull in which he declared Henry King of Navarre a Heretick and Excommunicated and deprived him of the Right of Inheriting the Kingdom of France as he did also Henry Prince of Conde his Cousin-German in case King Henry Brother-in-Law to him of Navarre died without Issue which was likely because till then the Queen had never been with-Child Anno 1586. Nevertheless the King of France labour'd to secure the Succession to the King of Navarre without regarding the Pope's Threats whereupon many of the French Nobility conspir'd to raise a Rebellion under the Colour of Religion The Ringleader was the Duke of Guise which much perplexed the King seeing three powerful Factions on foot which he feared would again
the Enemies others say he was struck by the Martyr St. Mercurius with a Spear which was then found bloody upon his Tomb. He lived 32 Years and Reign'd one year 7 months and 27 days The whole Army upon his death offered the Empire to Flavius Jovianus a Person of very Excellent parts who refused it saying He was a Christian and would not govern those wh owere not such but they all declaring themselves to be Christians he condescended to their request Being invested in the Imperial dignity he made peace with the Persians tho' not advantageous yet such as was requisite to deliver himself and Army from the danger into which the rashness of Julian had run them Catholicks were restored to their honours and dignities the revenues to Churches St. Athanasius and others recalled from banishment and all things seemed to be again in a flourishing Condition but this happiness was not to be lasting for the Emperor in his way to Rome betwixt Galatia and Bithynia was stifled to death by a pan of Coals that was left in the Room where he lay which was newly whitened He dyed at the Age of 40 Years and Reigned only 7 months and 22 days By him it was made death to offer wrong to any Virgin consecrated to God tho' upon pretence of Matrimony Flavius Valentinianus an Hungarian succeeded Jovianus His first education had been mean but being Wise and Valiant he ran through all Commands in the Army at length attained to be prefect of the Pretorian Bands was by the Army chosen Emperor and proved always a zealous Christian as appeared in the time of the Emperor Julian when for refusing to deny his Religion and giving a Box on the Ear to a Pagan Sexton that sprinkled him with their Lustral or cleansing Water he quitted the â—ngulum which was laying down his Commission As soon as elected he appointed his Brother Valens his Companion in the Empire to govern the East and went away himself to Italy where with much zeal he quieted the City or Rome than in an uproar about choosing a Pope For the Electors being divided upon the Death of Liberius one party had named Vrsinus but the more Numerous and better made Chose of Damasus a Spaniard some will have him born at Egita now Guimaraens in Portugal betŵixt the Rivers Duero and MinÌ„o others at Tarragona and others at Madrid Certain it is he was a Spaniard and a Person excellently qualifyed Upon this occasion there hap'ned so great a Mutiny that as Ammianus Marcellinus a Heathen Author who lived at that time relates it 137 Men were killed one day in the Church of Sicininum and the same Author blames the Popes for going in Coaches and making more than Kingly Banquets The Emperor quieted this Tumult sending Vrsinus to be Bishop of Naples Yet the contrary party desisted not but accused Damasus of Adultery and obliged him to call a Council of Bishops to clear himself He declared the Council of Ariminum to be void and of no force as gathered without the consent of the Pope deposed Auxentius Bishop of Milan as being an Arrian ordered the Psalms of David should be Song in Churches with the verse Gloria patri c. at the end instituted saying the Confiteor at the beginning of Mass built two Churches at Rome the one in honour of St. Laurence the other of St. Peter and Paul ad Catacumbas in the Via Ardeatina where he buryed his Mother and Sister and was a great Friend to St. Hierom whom he much resembled in his Life and Learning The Empire was not altogether in a peaceable Condition for in the East one Procopius a Kinsman of Julian called himself Emperor and raised new troubles Valens presently moved towards and overcame him in Phrygia where he was deliver'd up to him by his own Men. At the same time Valentinian was succeessful in the War against the Germans and Saxons which is the first time any mention is made of the latter in the Roman History Besides he drove the Goths out of Thracia and Persians out of Siria checked the Scots who made iucursions into England And the Sarmatians who infested Pannonia He was an excellent Emperor had he not sullied his fame by marrying Justina a Lady belonging to his Wife Severa she being still alive and what is worse made a Law by which all Men were permitted to have two Wives Marcellinus says he gave Liberty of Conscience to all Men to live in what Religigion the pleased He dyed at Brigecium a Town in Germany where he was busy making War upon the Quadi having Reigned 11 Years 8 Months and 22 days his Death was on the 17th of November 375. By his Wife Severa he left Gratianus and Valentinian by Justina Valens in the East persecuted the Catholicks his Wife Dominica and Eudoxus Bishop of Constantinople by whom he was baptized after the manner of the Arrians distracted him to such a degree that he had resolved at the City Edessa to enter the Church with Armed Men to disturb the People that were there Celebrating the Divine Service But Modestus Governour of the City diverted him from putting it in Execution for he told him that upon the rumouring of this his intention more People than ordinary were gathered in the Church with such a resolution to suffer death for their Religion that a Woman half undrest for hast led a child she had thither least either herself or he might miss the Opportunity of sheding their blood for the Faith Hereupon Valens gave over that design but banished many Priests among others Eusebius Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia as famous for his resolution and constancy as the other of Caesarea in Palestine for his Learning and Writings The great St. Basil succeeded him of Cappadocia in the Bishoprick and had enough to do with the Emperor Jamblichus the Master of Proclus had great influence over Valens he taught him the way to find out the name of him that was to succced in the Empire which the Emperor much desired The manner was thus they writ all the Letters of the Alphabet upon the ground and placed on every one a grain of Corn then turning loose a Cock whilst the diviner muttered some words they observed which Letters the Cock eat the corn off first and those they supposed to express the name sought for Another way was to blind a Man and observe the Letters he pointed to Foolish and vain inventions However by those means they found out the name Theodosius whence the Emperor Valens took occasion to Persecute and kill all those whose names began with the same Letters as Theodotus Theodorus and Theodulus Among the rest was slain Honorius Theodosius a Spaniard born at Italica of the Family of the Emperor Trajan This Gentleman had appeased certain tumults in Africk and was therefore raised to be General of Horse and received Baptism before death No human Policy is of force against
succeeds him KIng Alonso the Tenth of the Name as was of right succeeded his Father Ferdinand His Reign for the strange variety of Revolutions that happen'd prov'd much more wonderful than glorious For what can be more admirable than to see a Prince bred in War and so Learned that few private Persons could compare with him reduc'd to that Unfortunate State he could neither obtain the Empire offer'd him by Strangers nor secure the Kingdom left him by his Father but to be reduc'd almost to the state of a private Man He sully'd the Title of the Wise purchas'd by his Learning by not knowing how to foresee and prevent the Calamities that fell upon him At Sevil where he was when his Father dy'd he was Proclaim'd King His first action was to renew the League with the King of Granada and he remitted him the sixth part of the Tribute he us'd to pay This was done in respect to his good Services and to encourage him to continue faithful That Prince was so great an admirer of King Ferdinand that tho' a Moor he sent Yearly 100 Wax Torches to Sevil for that Kings Anniversary There was great scarcity of Money to relieve which want it was thought fit that instead of Pepiones a Coin so call'd that was made of pure Metal there should Burgaleses be us'd which were base and full of allay This was no relief to the King's wants for all things grew dear and he was forc'd to raise the Salaries of all Officers But the People were much more inrag'd when another sort of Money was invented call'd Black because it had much Copper 15 pieces of this Money were worth a Crown one Burgales was worth two Pepiones This Method of raising Money has often been found very prejudicial and soon made King Alonso odious to his Subjects King Alonso was troubled for the Barrenness of his Queen Violante Flatterers advis'd there might be a Divorce obtain'd and the King was easy to be perswaded He sent to conclude a Match with Christina Daughter to the King of Denmark and she was brought into Spain King Jayme of Aragon indeavour'd by fair means to alter this resolution but those failing had recourse to Arms. Thus the War broke out incursions were made on both sides and the Frontiers plunder'd Theobald King of Navarre dy'd now on the 8th of July 1253. As he was worthy of praise for his zeal towards the Holy Land so he was Blameable for invading the rights of the Church on which account it is said that Kingdom was for the space of three Years under a general Interdict After that time was expir'd Peter Remigius or Gaçoliz Bishop of Pamplona who had been Banished was reconciled to the King and return'd to his Church Theobald was honourable for other good qualities and especially for his Learning He had Three Wives by the first who was Daughter to the Earl of Lorrain he had no Children Being Divorc'd from her by the Pope's Command he Marry'd Sibila Daughter to Philip Earl of Flanders by whom he had Blanch Marry'd to John Duke of Britanny called the Red. By his third Wife the Daughter of Archimbaud Earl of Faux he had Theobald Henry and Ellenor Theobald succeeded his Father being then not 15 Years of Age but of an Excellent temper and promising hopes Queen Marguerite his Mother fearing Alonso King of Castile being eas'd of the War with the Moors would again set up his pretensions to that Crown had recourse to the King of Aragon with him she had a Conference at Tudela in August and they concluded a League Offensive and Defensive It was also agreed that Theobald should Marry one of King Jayme's Daughters and that neither of them should be given to any of the King of Castile's Brothers without the consent of Queen Marguerite However the King of Aragon sav'd to himself his pretensions to that Crown on account of the adoption of King Sancho That this League might be the firmer they had it confirmed by the Pope It aim'd directly at Castile The apprehensions of a War caus'd the King of Aragon and his Son to be reconcil'd Thus I find that Alonso the eldest Son confirm'd under an Oath what his Father had given to Peter and Jayme the two Younger Brothers A new War ensued Alasarcho a designing Moor promis'd to deliver up the Castle of Reguara King Jayme being a forward Prince easily gave credit to him and was on the way with a small handful of Men. He had fallen into the snare and been taken but that he had intelligence of the design The Moor thus disappointed perswaded those of Valencia to revolt thither the King hasted and it was debated to expel all the Infidels Interest sway'd the Nobility to oppose this advice but the Prelate and Commonalty prevail'd so the Moors were Commanded to depart Valencia and all its Territory within a time prefixt They tho' 60000. strong and in Arms obey'd and dispersed themselves into the Country of Murzia and Granada A considerable number also setled in that part now called La Mancha de Aragon formerly Montaragon of a Town of that Name At that time it was not Tilled nor Improved at present yields Corn that supplies many Places Ferdinand Brother to King Alonso made a considerable profit of the Moors for being Governour of Villena through which they were to pass he obliged every one to pay a Crown of Gold These affairs hindred the King of Aragon from falling upon Castile and this delay proved fortunate At the same time that Christina after her long Voyage came to Toledo which was in the Year 1254. it appeared that the Queen was with Child The King moved at so unexpected an accident changed his hatred into Love and those who before perswaded a Divorce now pleaded for the Queen Such is the Custom of Flatterers Philip the King's Brother notwithstanding he was Abbot of Valladolid and Elect Archbishop of Sevil renounced the Priestly Function and with the King's consent Marry'd Christina who dy'd soon after Queen Violantes Barreness was chang'd into Fruitfulness and she bore many Children These were Berengaria Beatrix Ferdinand called de la Cerda that is of the Hair because of long Hair that grew on his back Sancho Peter John James Elizabeth and Ellenor By a Woman of mean Extraction the King had Alonso Fernandez by D. Mayor Daughter to Peter de Guzman he had Beatrix both Illegitimate In the following Year 1255. Edward the Eldest Son of Henry King of England came into Spain the cause of his coming is not known unless it were on account of Christina who was his Cousin-german He was honourably received by the King at Burgos and by him Knighted according to the Custom of those times Honours directed to appease the Fierce Youth King Alonso had not the same Character in all parts In Spain he was hated by his Subjects and not much beloved by the Neighbouring Princes Abroad the Fame of
Learning gained him renown This moved the Electoral Princes of Germany after the Death of the Emperor William to choose him his Successor But they did not all consent for the Archbishops of Cologne and Mentz and the Count Palatine Elected Richard Duke of Cornwal Brother to Henry King of England This Election was made on the 6th of January in the Year 1256 some say two Years later The Archbishop of Treves and Duke of Saxony looking upon the other as invallid on the last day of March following made choice of King Alonso Embassadors were sent to them both and both took the Title of Emperors but Richard had so much the advantage that he immediately went over into Germany and was Crowned the first time at Aquisgran by the Archbishop of Cologne King Alonso was hindred by his Domestick troubles and forced to put off his departure This delay gave time to his party to cool in their Affections and the other to strengthen it self Richard seemed to have the better Title being chosen within the Year after the Death of his Predecessor and on the day appointed for the Election and also for that within the space of another Year he was Crowned at Aquisgran by the Archbishop of Cologne and seated in the Chair of Charlemaigne in token of possession Besides the Princes and Governours did him Homage All these Circumstances pleaded for Richard's right whereas King Alonso had performed none of the usual Ceremonies Both the Elector Palatine and King of Bohemia who are the Umpires when there is any thing depending had declared for Richard On the other side King Alonso pleaded that he was Elected according to Custom within the City Walls That the Archbishop of Cologne and the Palatine came with great Military Power as it were to force the others and had made a Separate Election without the Town That the Princes in the City had waited so long to reduce them to observe Order and at length the Archbishop of Treves with the Duke of Saxony who had also the Marques of Bradenburgh's Voice had Elected King Alonso the King of Bohemia's Embassador joining with them Besides these formal reasons they exprobrated Crimes to each other one side said The Archbishop of Treves was Excommunicated for oppressing his Subjects with Taxes The other objected he of Cologne had Wounded the Pope's Legate and stricken a Bishop and that the Elector Palatine abused the Churchmen and in the late Confusions had joyned with the Emperor against the Pope King Alonso being far off was detained by many troubles at home besides that he was naturally unconstant and hoped by some Artifice to put an end to that debate Richard was hindred by the Wars at that time betwixt England and France and dy'd the 6th Year after he took the Title of Emperor The end of this contest shall be told in its place CHAP. VI. Aragon and Castile at variance and reconcil'd Sancho King of Portugal dies in Exile Death of the Queen and Prince of Aragon Portugal under an Interdict Marriages of the King of Navarre and Prince of Aragon KING Alonso was naturally Mild had a great Spirit sought Glory rather than Pleasure addicted himself to Learning yet was very inconstant and covetous which drew upon him the hatred of the People and he neglected to gain the Love of the Nobility To shun idleness the ground of all intestine troubles he invaded Andaluzia his Army divided into several Bodies the better to recover divers places the Moors still possessed He in Person took Xeres his Brother Henry Arcos and Nebrixa a Town near the mouth of the River Guadalquivir D. Nun̄o de Lara was appointed Governour of Xerez Now might the Moors have been expell'd all that Country had not another War called away the King Theobald the second King of Navarre being come to Age with the assistance of the King of Aragon with whom he had renewed the League before made resolved to invade Castile pretending that Guipuscoa Alava Rioja and Briviesca belonged to his Crown and had been wrongfully taken from his Predecessors Many Nobles of Castile went over to Aragon and Navarre having first by a publick instrument renounced their Country which was the Custom used then not to be thought Traytors These stirred up and incensed that Young Prince Among them the chief was James de Haro who soon dy'd at Ban̄ares whether he went to be Cur'd Yet his Son Lope de Haro with a great retinue went to Estela where the King of Aragon then was The same did Prince Henry being much disgusted with his Brother These Princes made a League among themselves The People of Castile tho' they had not declared were of the same Opinion They were offended at the baseness of the Coin which caused all things to grow dear and the King having set rates upon all things there ensued a great scarcity because those who had stocks would not sell at that rate King Alonso understanding his danger began to Treat of some Accommodation with the King of Aragon who was not averse to it being again tho' old entangled in the Love of D. Teresa Vidaura to such a degree that he seemed infatuated At Soria the two Kings met and concluded a Peace in the Year 1256. At the same time Marguerite Mother of Theobald King of Navarre dy'd in Champagne whether she went to settle the affairs of that Earldom She was buryed in the Monastery of Claravelle then Famous for the Sanctity of its Monks The following Year dy'd at Toledo Sancho Capelo King of Portugal as Garibay in his History relates but Duarte Nun̄ez will have his Death to have happen'd in the Year 1246. His Brother Alonso who had Governed the Kingdom Thirteen Years only as Regent now took the Title of King He had by Beatrix Daughter to the King of Castile Denis his eldest Son Alonso Earl of Portalegre Blanch who lies bury'd at Huelgas where she was long Abbess and Constance who dy'd Young At this time Henry the King's Brother stirred up both the Moors and Christians at Nebrixa whether he was withdrawn to Rebellion D. Nun̄o de Lara having notice of it repaired thither from Sevil and Prince Henry not being able to oppose him fled by Sea to Valencia The King of Aragon at first received him favourably but for fear of infringing the Treaty concluded with his Brother obliged him to take his flight into Africk Thence after four Years spent at Tun̄ez he went over poor and miserable into France and so into Italy desiring to make War on his Brother if any Prince would support him The King of Aragon having setled Valencia passed over to Mompellier designing to meet the King of France On the 11th of May in the Year 1258. they met at Carbolio and were perfectly reconciled both parties freely resigning what had been before taken on either side Catalonia and Barcelona were also declared wholly independent of the Crown of France for till that
Abbot of Valladalid for that it was he who started that Discourse and consulted with the Queen how to be reveng'd They thought fit to call him to Aâ—â—ount for the administration of the Royal Revenue which he had Charge of and the Business was committed to the Arch-Bishop of Toledo King Sancho went away to Santiago in 〈◊〉 and by the way in the Monasterâ— of Sahagun finding that the Bonca of King Alonso the VIth and his two Queens Elizabeth and Mary were meanly laterred he â—â—us'd them to be put into decent Tombs with 〈…〉 Being return'd to Valladâ—lid he honour'd D. Lope Diaz de Haro â—â—rd of Biscay to whom chiefly he 〈…〉 Crown with the place of Lord Steward of his Household and his Standard heaâ—ery Besides he made him Governour of many Forth and on the 1st of January gave him the Title of an Earl all these Honours in remainder to his son James Lopez de Haro 〈…〉 de Haro Brother to D. Lope was made General of 〈…〉 Thus that Family increas'd Riches and Power and D. Lope became the King 's Favouriâ—â— all Things were govern'd according to his Will in so much that the other Nobles complain'd he tyranniz'd in the Name of King Sancho Paticularly the People of Leon and Gâ—â—cia found fault that he bestow'd all 〈…〉 upon his own Creatures D. Lope great yâ—t more Hanghty having marry'd his Daughter Mary to Prince John and endeavour'd to have the King put away his Queen that he might Marry his Consin Gulielma Daughter to â—astâ—n Earl 〈…〉 This was not at all pleasing to the King who had now by the Queen another Son call'd Alonso and therefore sought an Opportunity to â—ake off D. Lope yet fearing some Rebellion kept him close about his Person in the same Hâ—â—â—ur whilst he visited the Kingdom of Toledo and went to 〈◊〉 The Design of this burney was to 〈◊〉 the People of Galicia who had revolted and put a stop to the incursions of the 〈…〉 Prince Alonso the King of Portugal's Brother and D. Alvar NunÌ„oz de Lara Son to D. John de Lara a restless Man and us'd to live upon Rapine Prince Alonso was possess'd of the 〈◊〉 of Pertalegâ—â— and Roncaâ— on the Frontiers of Castile and Portugal 〈◊〉 Lope de Haro was lest to reduce the Rebels of Galicia The affair of Portugal was 〈◊〉 of between that King and him of Castile and they agreeing with joynt Forces laid Siege to Ronca destroy'd all the Country and oblig'd it to surrender The two Kings being together at this Siege the Portuguese advis'd the Castilian to take D. Alvar NunÌ„ez de Lara into Favour that his Greatness might serve as a check to D. Lope de Haro which was done accordingly D. Lope diving into that Design upon pretence of visiting his Cousin the Viscount of Bearne withdrew into Navarre The Navarrois were of themselves inclinable to make War against Castile and therefore upon his coming took up Arms. Clement Luna a Frenchman was then Viceroy of Navarre Many Incursions were made by the Navarrois as well into Castile as Aragon but nothing of Note was done except taking the Town of Salvatierra from the later The Aragonians made War into Italy with better success Roger Lauria a brave Commander and famous for his late Victories surpriz'd a mighty Fleet of the Enemy near Naples and after a sharp Dispute obtain'd a compleat Victory taking 42 Sale and 5000 Prisoners among which were many of Note Most of them were ransom'd only Guido de Montfort was not releas'd the Kings of England and Aragon being his 〈…〉 Enemies because this Man was Great Grand-son to Simon Earl of Montfort who as has been said overthrew and kill'd Peter King of Aragon in the War of Toulouze And Simon Grand-son to the other Simon took Richard Brother to King Henry of England Prisoner Guido also cruelly Murder'd Henry the Son of that Richard the Emperour in the Cathedral of Viterbo at Man in Revenge for his Father kill'd in Battle by Edward King of England The French and English Historians affirm 〈◊〉 Guido was deliver'd up to the King of England A Sicilian Writer of that Age positively says he 〈…〉 Sicily of a Disease which could not be cur'd without having to do with a Woman which he absolutely refus'd because he would not wrong his Wife Margueriâ—e who after his Death behav'd not her self so well as she ought to have done The Aragonians were now at Peace and famous for their Riches Strength and the memorable Action they had perform'd Only the King of Majorca â—â—â—ested the Coast of â—â—â—alonia but â—â— nothing Remarkable Alonso King of Aragon was renowned and had the Ballance of Peace and War in his Hands keeping the two rightful Princes of Castile Prisoners in Aragon and him of Salerâ—o in Sicily These Princes growing weary of their Confinement inclin'd to admit of any 〈…〉 so they might be enlarg'd and great Kings interceded for them Many 〈…〉 sent from France and Castile upon that Affair but the Authority of Edward King of England was of most Weight because the Aragonian sought to Marry his Daughter Ellâ—â—or â—â—ose Kings resolv'd to meet at the City Oloron in the Province of Bearne and there 〈…〉 of the King of England it was agreed that the Prince of Salerno should be set at Liberty within a Year upon these Conditions That the Kingdom of Sicily should remain to D. Jayme That he should prevail with the Pope to give his consent and take 〈…〉 censures under which the Kingdom of Aragon lay That he should Pay 30000 Marks of Silver That Charles of Valcis should quit his Pretensions to the Crown of Aragon given him by Pope Martin And that if all this were not perfor 〈◊〉 within the Term of three Years that Prince should return in Prison and in the mean while should give his Three Sons Robert Charles and Luis and Sixty Men of Note of 〈…〉 as Hostages Charles Prince of 〈◊〉 being set at liberty went over into France and thence into Tuscany and after having appeas'd the Tumults rais'd by the 〈◊〉 in Rodâ— was at last by Pope 〈◊〉 the IV th declared King of Apulia and Sicily and accordingly 〈…〉 Pope pretended the late Agreement was invalid being made without his Consent that Kingdom being an antient Fleâ— of the Church This highly perplexed the King of Aragon and the Wordâ— for that he understand that Sancho King of Castile was 〈…〉 to break 〈◊〉 him and joyn with the King of France the Queen and Arch-Bishop of Toledo favouring the French and many others oppos'd He â—â— many Troubles ensu'd and D. Lope de Haro dying â—â— shall be related but Friends and 〈…〉 fled to Aragon and were the 〈◊〉 of new Wars This 〈…〉 speedily with the French The Embassadors of both Kings and the Popes 〈…〉 at the â—â—ity Lyons in French and â—here they agreed Thâ—â— King Sancho should give to D. Alonso de la Cerda the Kingdom of Mâ—â—câ—â— upon Condition he
the Office fell to nothing tho' afterwards for some years the Archbishops appointed Deputies to execute it and now they have only the bare Title of Lords Chancellors of Castile D. John the Archbishop increas'd the number of 13 Poor maintain'd at the House of those Prelates to 30 which holds to this day The King of Aragon in persuance of the Popes Grant was resolv'd to possess himself of the Island of Sardinia then subject to the Republick of Pisa To this purpose he sent his Son D. Alonso who in the term of two years Conquer'd it defeating those of Pisa in several Encounters Yet most of the Aragonians dy'd through the unhealthfulness of the Country Prince Peter younger Brother to Alonso mov'd by the fresh example of Castile and the favour of many Nobles hop'd if his Brother dy'd in that Expedition to exclude his Sons and inherit the Crown which he understanding soon concluded a Peace with Pisa in the Month of June 1324. upon these Conditions That Prisoners on both sides be set at liberty That Trade be restor'd That the Castle of Caller with all its Territory remain to the People of Pisa That all the rest of the Island belong to the Aragonians This done he came over into Spain and prevail'd with his Father to declare his Sons Heirs of the Crown notwithstanding he should dye before them in the Cortes at Zaragoça and there the Oath of Fidelity to them as Heirs was accordingly taken The following 1325. in January and at Santarem dy'd Denis King of Portugal a Prince famous for the long time he Reigned which was 45 Years 9 Months and 5 Days as also for his continual Prosperity till the latter end of his Reign when it was disturb'd by his Son He was bury'd in the Monastery of St. Bernard built by himself a League and half from Lisbon Queen Elizabeth his Wife liv'd 11 Years after him and dy'd on the fourth of July 1332. She was afterwards Canonized for her extraordinary Virtue and Acts of Piety Alonso King Denis his eldest Son succeeded him and was call'd the Brave for his Love to Martial Affairs Of six Children he had three dy'd young which were Alonso Denis and John Mary Peter and Ellenor outliv'd their Parents This year dy'd Sancho King of Majorca at Cerdagne and because he had no Children appointed D. Jayme his Brother Ferdinand's Son his Heir The King of Aragon pretended it belong'd to him by his Grandfather's Will who was the first that erected that Kingdom Jayme had the possession but the Aragonian was powerful therefore at the instance of Philip the late King's Brother by him appointed Governour during the Minority of D. Jayme it was agreed That D. Jayme should Marry Constance Grandchild to the King of Aragon who should give her in Dower the Right he pretended to that Crown Castile was not yet quiet which caus'd King Alonso tho' naturally merciful to punish some Heads of Mutineers whence he got the Name of the Revengeful D. John the Lord of Biscay who aspir'd to marry the Lady Blanch for her great Estate and design'd to call D. Alonso de la Cerda out of France to stir up new Troubles was the first that suffer'd The King upon pretence of making War against the Moors call'd D. John to him and made some Overtures of giving him his Sister Ellenon in Marriage He came to Court on the Day of all Saints in the year 1327 and being invited to a Feast was there put to Death by the King's Order One only Daughter he had then at Nurse was carry'd to Bayonne then in the Hands of the English Mary his Mother who was in the Monastery of Perales sold all the Lordship of Biscay to Garcilasso de la Vega. Yet the King being afterwards appeas'd the Heiress of that Estate was marry'd to D. John de Lara and had the Lordship of Biscay restor'd to her The Towns and Forts D. John had by Inheritance which were above 80. were either taken by Force or Surrender'd and annex'd to the Crown D. John Manuel commanded in the Frontiers against the Moors and tho he did not much confide in the King yet he carry'd on the War vigorously The Infidels had not long before surpriz'd the Castle of Rute and design'd an Incursion into Andaluzia under their General Osmin then reconcil'd to the King D. John ingag'd them near the River Guadalhorça routed them and killed a great Number After this Victory he retir'd to his Estate much Discontented for that the King put away his Daughter Constance and marry'd Mary Daughter to the King of Portugal This was highly resented by D. John and the King of Aragon Uncle to the Lady Constance Alonso the IVth at this time was King of Aragon his Father King Jayme the IId dying at Barcelona where he was bury'd the Day after D. John the Lord of Biscay was put to Death in Castile The Lady Teresa the King's Daughter in Law dy'd 5 days before him at Zaragoça and was there bury'd in the Monastery of S. Francis D. Alonso who succeeded King Jayme had by his Wife the Lady Teresa these Children Peter Jayme and Constance for four others dy'd in their Infancy King Jayme ordain'd that the Principalities of Drago Catalonia and Valencia should never be parted He was so great an Enemy to Law-Suits that he for ever banish'd Ximeno Rada a great Lawyer by whose Contrivance many had suffer'd in their Estates Charles the Fair King of France and Navarre dy'd at Bois de Vincennes on the first of February 1328. His Queen 3 Months after his Death was deliver'd of a Daughter call'd Blanch. By the Laws of France she could not inherit the Crown therefore a Son of Charles de Valois who dyed two years before the King call'd Philip Cousin German to the three late Kings on the one side and Edward King of England as Son to the Lady Elizabeth Sister to those three Kings on the other pretended to that Crown The States of the Kingdom according to the Salique Law proclaim'd Philip de Valois whence ensu'd bloody Wars betwixt those two Nations and the Kings of England took the Title of Kings of France and quarter'd the Flower de Luces in their Arms. Navarre was more Fortunate for it was deliver'd from the Dominion of France Joanna the Daughter of King Luis Hutin marry'd the Earl of Eureux call'd Philip and they were proclaim'd King and Queen of Navarre at Pamplona by the general consent of all People that Lady having the undoubted Right to the Crown by her Mother The King of France made no Opposition as well in regard to her Title as because the Earl was his near Kinsman being Great Grandson to S. Luis King of France Before the Government was well setled the People of Navarre mutiny'd and were so outragious against the Jews that in only the Town of Estela 10000 are said to have been kill'd perhaps there may be
Attack Guadix A great Number of Men was put into that Place unknown to the Christians who sent some Troops to Plunder the Fields call'd Val de Alhama The Moors perceiving they were divided fell upon those with great Fury that remain'd behind The Fight lasted all Day but the Number of Moors prevailing many of our Men were kill'd many taken and among them the Master of Calatrava who was carry'd to Granada and that King being desirous to appease King Peter sent him away without any Ransom King Peter believing this Courtesy proceeded from fear assembling his Forces enter'd the Kingdom of Granada took several Towns and return'd to Sevil with a rich Booty To this Misfortune of the Moorish Kings another was added which was that many Men of Note forsook him and favour'd his Adversary Mahomet Lagus who was in Banishment The King fearing he should be expelled the Kingdom consulted with his Friends what was best to be done and by the advice of one Edriz a constant follower of his Fortunes having obtain'd a Pass came away to Sevil with 400 Horse and 200 Foot to put himself under the Protection of the King of Castile The King receiv'd him Honourably in the Palace of Sevil and having heard him promis'd all should be well Then he was sent to Sup with D. Garcia de Toledo the Master of Santiago whilst they were at Supper the Moorish King was apprehended and a few Days after being Cloath'd in his Royal Robes which were Scarlet was carry'd out upon an Ass with 37 of his Gentlemen to the publick Place of Execution which is near the City and is call'd Tablada There they were all put to Death It was given out their Riches were the Cause of their Death and some Authors say King Peter himself slew the Moorish King with a Spear His Body was sent to his Competitor Mahomet Lagus who immediately recover'd his Kingdom and sent away all the Christians taken at the Fight of Guadix without Ransom CHAP. IV. Castile and Navarre joyn in League The War is carry'd on Successfully against Aragon by King Peter of Castile who declares the Lady Mary de Padilla to have been his lawful Wife The Death of John King of France and Constance Queen of Aragon THE War with the Moors being ended the King of Castile bent his Thoughts against Aragon but gave out that the Preparations he made were to defend himself against France He resolv'd to make a League with England fearing the King of France would take Revenge for the Wrongs done his Neece Queen Blanch. At Soria he had a Meeting with the King of Navarre and they made a League against Aragon the Navarrois pretending to take Revenge for that the Aragonian being his Brother in Law and Ally had not assisted him when he was Prisoner in France Having therefore assembl'd all the Force of his Kingdom he lay'd Siege to the Town of Sos in Aragon and took it after a vigorous Resistance made At the same time the King of Castile with an Army of 10000 Horse and 30000 Foot entred Aragon resolving to besiege Calatayud By the way he took Hariza Ateca Cetina and Alhama and in June sat down before the strong City of Calatayud within it was a numerous and resolute Garrison The King of Aragon considering the Danger the Besieg'd were in sent the Count de Osona Son to Bernard Cabrera D. Peter de Luna his Brother D. Artal and other Gentlemen to attempt getting into the Town that they might encourage the Besieg'd till he could send them Relief They being come to Miedes a Town near Calatayud King Peter who had notice of it surpriz'd the Place and carry'd them away Prisoners to the Camp The King of Aragon being unprovided sent to desire Aid in France and to call Count Henry and his Brother D. Tello to his Assistance Relief was long a coming and the City no longer able to hold out was surrendred upon the 29th of August upon Condition the Inhabitants should remain free in their Persons and Estates as they had been under the Crown of Aragon This City being taken and a good Garrison put into it under the command of the Master of Santiago the King return'd to Sevil. Here before he went to Calatayud he had held the Cortes or Parliament in which he publickly declar'd and vouched that Da. Maria de Padilla had been his lawful Wife he being privately Marry'd to her long before Queen Blanch came into Spain which made his Marriage with that Lady void That he had not discover'd it before fearing the Malice of the Nobility but thought himself now oblig'd in Conscience to do it as also for the sake of the Children he had by her He order'd she should for the future be call'd Queen and bury'd among the Kings On the 17th of October following dy'd his Son Alonso whom he design'd his Heir On the 18th of November the King made his Will in which he orders himself to be bury'd with the Habit of S. Francis betwixt Da. Maria de Padilla and his Son Alonso It appears he was not so remote from godly Thoughts as his Enemies represent him tho his violent Nature often transported him By this Will he appoints his Daughters by Da. Maria de Padilla successively his Heiresses and after them his Son John by the Lady Joanna de Castro The Witnesses of the Marriage produc'd were of undoubted Reputation such as D. Garcia de Padilla Master of Calatrava John Fernandez de Hinestrosa one John Alsonso de Mayorga and John Perez a Priest who all made Oath upon that Matter In one Article of his Will he forbid his Daughters on pain of incurring his Curse and forfeiting the Crown marrying of Prince Ferdinand of Aragon or Count Henry or D. Tello his Bastard Brothers but order'd Beatrix the Elder to marry Ferdinand Prince of Portugal and that the Crown of Castile should be her Dower D. Garci Alvarez de Toledo Master of Santiago was appointed her Tutor He also ordain'd that D. James de Padilla Master of Calatrava and D. Suero Martinez Master of Alcantara should be supported in their Estates Honours and Dignities Having setl'd all things in the dead of Winter being the beginning of the Year 1363 the War was carry'd on with great Vigour Levies were made throughout the Kingdom and a League with the King of England Malvenda Aranda and Borgia with other Towns of less Note were taken and Taraçona besieg'd On the other side the King of Navarre made an Incursion into Aragon and destroy'd all the Country wherever he came Luis Brother to the King of Navarre Giles Fernandez Carvallo Master of Santiago in Portugal with 300 Horse and some French Gentlemen came to serve the King of Castile The King of Aragon courted him of Granada to make War in Andaluzia but he refus'd acknowledging the Favour lately receiv'd He also solicited the African Moors and excus'd himself for so doing by the Example of the King
enterment of his Father being then Sick at Girona nor attend the Government then in Confusion the Queen Dowager her Brother and many Men of Note being imprison'd they endeavour'd to fly for fear of the new King The Queen was accus'd by a Jew of having given her Husband some bewitching Potion severals were tortur'd and put to death on this account and the Queen condemn'd to the Wrack but it was not put in Execution yet all her Estate was seiz'd and she only allow'd a Pension to live on The first thing the King did was the submitting his Kingdom to Pope Clement as Castile and Navarre had done before John Earl of Ampurias being at Barcelona in Hopes to be rewarded for his Services to the new King while Prince was cast into Prison upon Pretence that he had call'd in the French to recover his Estate D. Ximeno Peres de Arenos the King's Lord Chamberlain was sent to compose the Affairs of Sardinia He agreed with the Lady Ellenor Arborea in behalf of her Son Marianus whom she had by her Husband Brancaleon Doria That the Judicature of Arborea should remain to them and their Heirs That for other Towns they pretended Right to they should be left to Arbitration That all Places taken during the War should be restor'd Both Parties having Sign'd these Articles the War ceas'd CHAP. VII Peace Concluded with the English The Heir of Castile in imitation of the Prince of Wales in England is created Prince of Asturias A Truce with Portugal and the Moors King John of Castile kill'd by a fall from his Horse THE Treaty of Peace with the English was still afoot and yet the War was vigorously Prosecuted 600 English Horse and as many Archers for the rest were consum'd with Sickness sat down before Benavente whith them 2000 Portuguese Horse and 6000 Foot Alvaro Osoiro the Governour defended the Place bravely and did the Enemy some Harm The King of Castile was unwilling to hazard a Battel which gave the Enemy the Opportunity of taking some Towns in that Neighbourhood Yet their Loss was greater than the Advantage they could propose to themselves for the Flague rag'd among the Foreigners and Famine consum'd them all Therefore after two Months spent in the Siege they return'd into Portugal The Treaty of Peace drew near to a Conclusion therefore the King of Castile sent back the Succours that came to him from France He also sent Embassadors to the Duke of Lancaster with Power to conclude The Duke was at Trancoso a Town in Portugal there he receiv'd the Embassadors The Articles agreed upon were That the King's Son and Duke's Daughter should immediately be contracted That the Bride by way of Joynture should have Soria Atiença Almaçan and Molina That the Dutchess her Mother should have Gaudalajara Medina del Campo and Olmedo That the Duke should have 600000 Florines paid him at certain times appointed and 40000 yearly during his Life and the Life of his Wife Constance These are the Heads of that Agreement The King of Portugal storm'd not thinking himself secure as long as he of Castile reign'd On the other side the Duke complain'd that the King had consummated the Marriage with his Daughter before the dispensation came and therefore from Porto sail'd directly for Bayonne in France Upon his Departure the Towns in Galicia that held for the English submitted to their King as did the Gentry that sided with them having obtain'd Pardon The King of Castile commonly resided at Salamanca or Toro to be at Hand upon all Occasions He sent Embassadors to Bayonne to ratify what had been concluded The greatest Difficulty lay in raising the Mony to pay the Duke of Lancaster To this intent the Cortes met at Briviesca about the beginning of the Year 1388. To oblige his Subjects the King granted all their Requests It was design'd to lay the Tax upon Estates without exempting the Nobility or Clergy but the great Ones opposing it as a Breach of Privilege other Methods were found out After the Cortes broke up the Kings of Castile and Navarre met first at Calahorra then at Navarrets where they renew'd their antient Friendship Queen Ellenor bore her Husband company and with his Consent stay'd in Castile to try whether her Country Air could cure her as she pretended but in reality to be parted from him as afterwards appear'd After this interview the King of Castile appointed the City of Palencia for the Cortes to meet because the Plague was still at Burgos Here his Son was with great Pomp marry'd to the Duke of Lancaster's Daughter Their Ages were not answerable the Prince being but 10 Years of Age the Lady Catharine 19. The eldest Sons of the Kings of England are call'd Princes of Wales In imitation of them the King of Castile created his Son Prince of Asturias and gave him the Lordships of Bijar and Andujar which Custom has continu'd to our Days and so we shall hereafter call the Heir of the Crown The chief Thing done at the Cortes was setling how the Mony for the Duke of Lancaster should be rais'd That done and Peace concluded Constance the Dutchess King Peter's Daughter laying aside the Title of Queen came in August to Medina del Campo to see the King who entertain'd her nobly and gave her the City Huete Betwixt the King and the Duke rich Presents pass'd particularly the Duke sent the King a very curious Crown of Gold The Dutchess went to Guadalajara and took Possession of that Place about the beginning of the Year 1389 The King stay'd at Madrid thither came Embassadors to him from the Duke of Lancaster desiring they might meet on the Borders of Guienne and Biscay He set out in order to it but fell sick by the Way at Burgos yet went on as far as Victoria where he took leave of the Dutchess sending some Persons of Note to bear her Company and excuse him to her Husband on account of his Indisposition In reality he fear'd meeting the Duke left he should endeavour to take him off from siding with the French and he was unwilling to disoblige the Duke or break with France The Duke thus disappointed communicated his Design to the Embassadors who answer'd they had no Orders about that Affair and so return'd to Victoria On the 13th of March as they were digging a Foundation in some part of the Church of S. Engracia at Zaragoça they found two Tombs with Inscriptions the one of S. Engracia the other of S. Lupercius Among the Articles made with the English there was one that any of the Allyes of either part should be admitted into that Treaty The Cortes of Castile met at Segovia and sent Embassadors to Portugal to try whether that King would come into the League He puss'd up with Success had resolv'd to continue the War and invade Galicia yet by the Industry of F. Ferdinand de Illescas one of the Embassadors he agreed to a Truce for
Favourite A Proclamation was published to restore to their Liberty all the Jews who as was said before were unjustly made Slaves by his Predecessor He sent Men and Ammunition into Africk where the Portugueses had Ceuta taken by King John I. and Tangier and Arzila taken by King Alonso Unkle to Emanuel D. John de Meneses Governour of Arzila because some of the neighbouring Villages did not bring in their wonted Contributions joined with the Commander of Tangier and marched against them They were unexpectedly set upon by Barata and Almanderino two Moorish Commanders yet tho' the Enemy were much more numerous they put them to the rout All this hapned before the Cortes of Montemor broke up which could not put an end to the Business in hand because the Plague raging there the King was forced at the beginning of this Year to remove to Setuval to meet his two Widow-Sisters Queen Ellenor and the Dutchess of Bragança There it was proposed that D. Alvaro Brother to the late Duke of Bragança and that Duke's Children who were in Castile since nothing could be proved against them should be restored to their Estates King Ferdinand of Spain sollicited for them and the King's Sisters begged it with Tears especially the Dutchess as most concerned as also his Mother the Dutchess of Viseo The King was unwilling so soon to alter his Predecessor's Decrees and to disoblige those that were in Possession of those banished Persons Estates but at last overcome with so many Intreaties he made up their Losses other ways so that none might have cause to complain It was proposed to marry the King who was 26 Years of Age when he Inherited the Crown No Match seemed so advantageous as with Castile King Ferdinand was willing but would not give him his Eldest Daughter the Second was gone to Flanders and the Lady Catherine Contracted in England so he offered the Lady Mary The Portugues took it ill that any Prince should be preferred before him besides he took a liking to the Lady Elizabeth when she was in Portugal Upon account of this Treaty the Catholick King demanded of him That he should enter into the League against France and the Princess That he should banish the Moors and Jews As to the King's Request he excused himself pleading the ancient Friendship betwixt France and Portugal yet he was willing to join in a League for the Defence of Spain but would not involve himself in Quarrels that concerned him not He condescended to the Desires of the Princess tho' many opposed it And accordingly about the end of the Year set out a Proclamation commanding all the Moors and Jews to depart by a time limitted or else they should be made Slaves All the Moors without hesitation went over to Africk In the Business of the Jews there was more difficulty for soon after the King ordered all their Children under 14 Years of Age to be taken from them and Baptized A Practice not at all justifiable because none ought to be forced to become Christians nor Children to be taken from their Parents The rest were so hardly used that great Numbers were Baptized but it was a constrained Conversion Leave was also obtained of the Pope for the Commendaries of the Three Military Orders in that Kingdom to Marry so that they were only obliged to Conjugal Chastity There were sufficient Causes to obtain this Liberty and yet many condemned it Certain it is this made way for the spending the Revenues of those Orders otherwise than had been intended for what used to be employed in the War was now consumed in Pleasure and Luxury CHAP. VII The death of Ferdinand King of Naples The Emperor passes into Italy The Popes Forces defeated by the Ursini The death of the Duke of Gandia The Marriage of Prince John of Spain Proposals concerning settling the Kingdom of Naples THE Wars in Italy were not likely to cease The King of England by reason of the Match agreed upon with Spain resolved to enter into the League against France The Emperor gave out he would go himself into Italy to settle the Affairs of Lombardy and Tuscany This moved the Duke of Milan to think of forsaking the French Interest and the more for that about this time died the Dauphin of France a young Child and the King being sickly it was to be feared that Crown would come to the Duke of Orleans his greatest Enemy These reasons inclined him to adhere to the Confederate Princes In the Kingdom of Naples the Venetians possessed some part of Apulia The great Captain held Rijoles Amantia and other Places of Calabria for the Catholick King Notwithstanding the late Capitulation the French were still possessed of some Towns To reduce all the Kingdom King Ferdinand sent D. Cesar de Aragon his Father's Bastard Brother to Taranto and commanded the Duke of Urbin who served him in this War to repair to Abruzzo when having in a short time subdued most of that Province he went away to Rome with Prosper Colona Gaeta was a business of more concern for tho' the Earl of Trivento and the Venetian Gallies pressed it by Sea they advanced not much It was proposed to Besiege the Place by Land when King Ferdinand fell Sick of a flux at Soma which so increased that being carried to Naples he died on the 7th of October Frederick his Uncle then at Castellon understanding his death immediately repaired to Naples and was proclaimed King the very day his Nephew died His first care was to aâ—â—ee with the Princes of Salerno and Bisignano as also the Earls of Lauria and Melito the great Enemies of the House of Aragon Many Princes began to have an Eye towards that Crown and particularly the Catholick King whose Title began to be urged both at Rome and Naples but to no effect at that time for the Pope and other Princes had rather have a weak King for their Neighbour than the Power of Spain The Great Captain who might have done something in the Affair was employed at the Siege of the Castle of Cosenza which he hoped suddenly to be Master of and thus to secure all that Province Soon after having subdued Calabria and taken that Fort he went to Nola and leaving his Forces there visited the Queens comforting them for the death of the King The new King sat down before Gaeta with all his Forces It hapned the Lord of Aubenie who was going by Land to Rome came thither at such time as the besieged were much streightned he entred the Town and caused it to be surrendred upon Articles The French departed in a Galleon and Two Ships Loaden with the Booty and Plate taken out of the Churches One of the Ships perished in a Storm the other ran aground near Terracina which was looked upon as a Judgment On the other side the Emperor as he had agreed passed the Alps and entred Lombardy with 1000 Horse and 5000 Foot The Duke of Milan with his Forces joined him
The Earl of Muro Governour of Apulia was commanded to go and reside at his Government and Michael de Ajerve to the Mountain of Abruzzo All had Orders to favour the Execution of Justice CHAP. VIII The Death of the Queen of France Truce betwixt France and Spain prolong'd The Affairs of Portugal ON the 9th of January 1514. dy'd the Queen of France Among others sent to condole with that King was F. Bernard de Mesa Bishop of Trin̄opoli from Queen Germana he had also Orders to sollicite for the Dukedom of Nemours and Lordship of Narbonne to which the Queen was Heiress upon the Death of her Brother Gaston de Foix. Ramiro Nun̄o de Guzman was sent Ambassador to Rome by King Ferdinand By the way on the 5th of March he concluded a Treaty with the Genoeses by which the King was obliged to protect that State and they to assist the King At the same time the Adornos were treating with the Swiss about changing the Government of that City In France the Bishop of Trinopoli again revived the Discourse of marrying that King's youngest Daughter to Prince Ferdinand in Order to a Peace and also of matching the King of France then a Widdower with Ellenor Sister to Prince Charles The Emperor and Venetians at last referred the Decision of the Differences between them to the Pope yet so that King Ferdinand should approve of his Decision On the 18th of March the Pope Decreed that the Emperor should keep Verona and Vincenza and the Venetians Bressa and Bergamo they paying down to the Emperor 250000 Duccats and 30000 yearly Before the Catholick King 's Approbation could be had the Venetians declared they would not stand to that Decision The Truce between Spain and France was prolonged for a Year more in order to conclude a Peace The Dauphin was against this Truce fearing lest if a Peace followed he might lose the Dukedom of Milan The Emperor was rather for it his Thoughts being bent against the Venetians But the King of England was so offended that on the 7th of August he concluded a League Defensive and Offensive with the King of France without making any mention of the King his Father-in-Law Luis Carroz the Spanish Ambassador at that Court laboured to appease the King as did Queen Catherine but all in vain Soon after D. Luis Carroz returned to Spain and the Bishop of Trinopoli went over from France to succeed him In Lombardy the Viceroy by Storm took Citadela a very strong Town between Padua and Treviso Prosper Colona with the Duke of Milan's Forces besieged Crema which was well defended for the Venetians by Renço Cherri Garcia Manrique lay at Robigo with some Companies of Men at Arms. Albiano who watched all Opportunities to revenge his Losses surprized them by night the Spaniards surrendred themselves and Garcia Manrique with the other Officers were sent Prisoners to Vincenza Renço Cherri sallied out of Crema by Night and setting upon part of the Duke's Forces commanded by Silvio Sabelo put them to the Rout and went himself to Bergamo which he took without any Resistance the Spaniards retiring into the Castle On the first of November came the Viceroy to their Relief and Renço seeing no Possibility of holding out surrendred the City upon Articles About the sametime the Castle of Lanterna at Gonoa which till now had held out for the French was delivered to Duke Octavian Fregoso Let us turn back a little The Great Turk having put an end to the War with his Brothers and the Sofi Ismael who took their part was fitting out above 150 Galleys and designed them against Italy It was supposed he woul invade by the way of Marca Ancona which belongs to the Church The Pope laboured to bring the Emperor Kings of England France Spain and Portugal and the Dukes of Milan and Genoa into a League Offensive and Defensive against the Turks but after he had made a great Progress herein it all fell to nothing Private Quarrels hindred those Princes from uniting and other Wars diverted the Turk from his Designs upon Christendom Only the King of Portugal enjoyed Peace and Prosperity being enriched with the Trade of India and successful in his Conquests in Africk About the end of the last Year he sent a solemn Embassy to the Pope to make his Compliment of Obeisance As a Token of his Grandeur he also sent very rich Presents which were a Pontisical Vestment of Cloath of Gold embroidered with Pearls and precious Stones the richest that had ever been in the Treasury of S. Peter An Ounce brought from Persia wonderfully fleet which an Indian carried behind him on horseback and had taught it when he made a Sign to leap off and hunt An Elephant covered with Cloath of Gold and a Castle on his back being taught besides other things to kneel before the Prince to dance to a Pipe and to fill his Trunk with Water and sprinkle the People Also a Rhinoceros a Creature not seen in Italy in many Ages It was designed to fight with the Elephant these Creatures being naturally Enemies But the Rhinoceros was lost the Ship being cast away upon the Coast of Genoa Tristan de Acun̄a a Gentleman well versed in the Affairs of India and principal Ambassador made his publick Entry into Rome upon the 12th of March. On the 20th the Day appointed to receive Audience of the Pope James Pacheco a great Civilian and one of Acun̄a's Companions delivered himself to the Pope in this manner King Emanuel of Pertugal most holy Father has sent us to felicitate your happy Assumption to the Pontificate wishing you may enjoy it many Years for the good of the Church as we all hope it will be and also to pay his Obedience as is usual and due yet done by him with a most ready Will which may make amends for the Delay caused by many great and weighty Obstacles He also humbly makes Suit to your Holiness to cast the Eyes of your fatherly Care upon making up the Breaches of Christendom upon reconciling the Christian Princes and uniting their Forces against the common Enemy who grows upon our Losses and builds his own Grandeur upon our Ruines For what Enterprize can be more glorious or profitable than this Let the past Rage suffice For they deserve no better Stile who turn their Weapons upon themselves To this Purpose it will be very requisite the Holy Council be continued as the King earnestly desires For his own part he promises not to be wanting to the publick Cause and if requisite will not spare his own Blood in this Quarrel It is all his Study to advance the Christian Religion as appears in India where to his immortal Glory he has set up the Holy Standard of the Cross among fierce and barbarous Nations even as far as the utmost Bounds of the Earth No less has he done in Africk having there spent his Treasures and employed the Bravery of his Soldiers Of the Spoil
Ferdinand Gonçaga Governor of Milan seized that City and put a Garison into it The Pope fortified Parma and put Camillus Vrsinus into it Afterwards that Dominion was given to Octavius Farnesius Duke of Parma Son to Peter Luis Anno 1548. The breaking up of the Council of Trent was so much the more resented for that among the other Articles of Peace with the Princes and Cities of Germany one was That they should submit themselves to the determination of the Fathers in Matters of Religion This design failing to reconcile all Matters in Difference at the Diet at Auspurb a Book was published in Defence of the Catholick Doctrine but allowing the Laity to communicate in both Kinds and Priests to Marry It was called An Interim because to last till the Council met again and determined what was to be done Julius Phibug Michael Sidonia and Eilebius Agricola composed it In Saxony at the desire of Duke Maurice the Hereticks publish'd another Book called Adiapora that is Things Indifferent Philip Melancton was the Author of it and mentioned many things that ought to be Tolerated for the sake of Peace Matthias Illiricus and Nicholaus Gralius more rigid Hereticks wrote against this Book At the same time Muleasse King of Tunez came to Ausburg being expelled his Kingdom and having his Eyes put out by his own Son Maximilian Son to King Ferdinand came to Spain to Marry the Princess Mary his Cousin-German and to remain Governour in Spain because Prince Philip was to go for Flanders as he did in November in the same Fleet that brought Maximilian He landed at Genoa passed through Milan and Mantua and lastly at the beginning of the following Year came to Brussels in the Low Countries at such time as his Father was gone to Germany At the instance of Siceleus Archbishop of Toledo the Pope granted his Bull by which it was enacted That none descended of Jews Moors or Hereticks should have any Living in that Church D. James de Castilla the Dean and some others of the Chapter opposed this Decree but the most powerful Party prevailed Joanna d' Albret Daughter to Henry was contracted to the Duke of Cleves but the Match breaking off she now Married Antony of Bourbon Duke of Vendosme of the Blood Royal of France Anno 1549. This Year died Margaret Queen of Navarre and Mother to the above-mentioned Lady Joanna In Germany some Synods were held particularly at Treves Metz and Cologne by the Emperor's procurement to bring the deluded People to the Obedience of the Church In Africk a Man called Xerife the Son of a Merchant and himself a School-Master under the pretended Veil of Sanctity drew together a number of Armed People wherewith he expelled the Kings of Morocco Fez and Veles He of Veles fled for Refuge to the Emperor and afterwards to the King of Portugal of whom he received nothing but good Words This was the beginning of a bloody War in Africk In England Peter Martir at Oxford began publickly to teach the Heresy of the Sacramentarians and great Tumults happened about the Change of Religion They made Peace with the French who had began the War in Picardy restoring to them the City Bologn taken some Years before At Cigales on the first of November was born Anne Daughter to Prince Maximilian and Mary his Wife She was afterwards Married to her Unkle and was Queen of Spain Pope Paul died at Rome the 10th of November Anno 1550. Cardinal John Maria de Monte succeeded him by the Name of Julius the III. and lived after his Exaltation 5 Years 1 Month and 16 Days John de Vega Viceroy of Sicily on the Coast of Africk took the City called Africa formerly Leptis on the 9th of September expelling thence the Pyrat Dragut who used to set out thence and Ravage the Coasts of Sicily He put a Garison into it but soon after to save Charges utterly demolish'd it At Ausburg in Autumn was opened the Diet of the Empire at which the Emperor and his Son Prince Philip were present The Emperor strove to make his Son King of the Romans but his Brother King Ferdinand opposed it in favour of his own Son Maximilian who was come back from Spain being already chosen King of Bohemia and was now with his Father at the Diet. It was proposed to assemble a-new the Council of Trent and to make War upon Mecklenbourg where the Catholick Religion was wholly excluded Both these Propositions were offensive to Maurice Duke of Saxony tho he was appointed General of that War but what chiefly perplexed him was that the Emperor did not release his Unkle the Landtgrave of Hesse These were the Causes that moved the Duke to make War upon the Emperor who being at that time unprovided for it was reduc'd to great Extremities This Year was remarkable for the Jubilee and for the great numbers of People that repair'd to Rome to gain it Anno 1551. At the beginning of this Year died at Pavia Andrew Alciatus a famous Civilian and Humanist born at Milan who was first Professor in France and afterwards in Italy Pope Julius last December summoned the Bishops to meet again at Trent The Emperor caused the Pope's Edicts to be read at the Diet at Ausburg Duke Octavius Farnesius very unseasonably put himself under the Protection of France Ferrante Gonçaga to put a stop to his Proceedings besieged him in Parma This was the cause that Council was put off for some time but at length it was open'd in May. Cardinal Crecencius the Pope's Legate presided The Ecclesiastical Electors and many Prelates of Germany Spain and Italy were there present The King of France by his Embassador protested against their Proceedings Embassadors came from some German Princes to ask safe Conducts for the Heretical Ministers and Divines but the Conditions they proposed were so extravagant the Fathers thought it a lessening of their Authority to grant them After the Diet at Ausburg broke up Prince Philip return'd to Spain His Cousin Maximilian bore him Company as far as Genoa where he found the Princess Mary his Wife and his Children come thither by Sea out of Spain With them he return'd in December to Inspruck where the Emperor then was that City lying near to forward the Proceedings of the Council King Henry of France on the sudden commenced War in Flanders and Milan He call'd the Turkish Fleet to his Aid which on the Coast of Sicily took the Town and Castle of Augusta seated beyond the City Catania Thence they sailed over to Malta but not succeeding there crossed the Sea and on the Coast of Africk took Tripoli deliver'd to them by the Knights of Malta who had kept it ever since Rhodes was lost Two French Knights had the greatest share in that Treachery The Spaniards paid dearly for their Loyalty about 400 being put to the Sword It was given out the Turks did this in Revenge of the taking of the City of
Africa but the truth was they undertook this War at the Instigation of the French King whose Embassadors were aboard the Fleet. Anno 1552. Four Divines or Ministers of Wittemberg the chief of whom was Brencius came to Trent They presented to the Council a Book called the Wittemberg Confession All this was only to amuse the Council till such time as Duke Maurice had raised Men and made other warlike Preparations On the 2d of April News was brought to Trent that he had seized the City Ausburg and that the Emperor was in danger at Inspruck which caused the Council on a sudden to break up On the other side Albertus Marquis of Brandenburg possessed himself of Treves and the French of all Lorrain The Emperor was much perplex'd not being able to withstand so many Enemies He resolved to release the Duke of Saxony and the Landtgrave which pacified Duke Maurice On the Borders of Italy whither in the first Consternation he retired Forces flock'd to him from all Parts However he pardon'd the Marquis of Brandenburg designing to make use of him against the French This done he laid Siege to Metz with a great Army on the 20th of October but many of his Men perishing by reason of the badness of the Weather he was forced to quit that Enterprize On the 2d of December this Year departed this Life the Blessed F. Francis Xaverius as he was going to China He was a Native of Navarre and one of the Ten first Companions of S. Ignatius He preached among the barbarous People of India Japan and other Parts and was doubtless a Man of singular Sanctity and admirable in his Life His Body is preserved entire in the Church of his Order at Goa he being Canonized D. Peter de Toledo was Viceroy of Naples at such time as Ferdinand de Sanseverino Prince of Salerno caused the Turkish Fleet under the Command of Rustan Bassa to come against that City His Treason being discover'd he fled to Venice for which cause the Fleet returned to Constantinople without attempting any thing Only near the Island Ponça they met Andrew Doria overthrew his Fleet and took 7 of his Galleys The Prince of Salerno having declared himself went away to the Port to incite him the next Year to send another Fleet. The Emperor had put a Garison into Siena under the Command of D. James de Mendoza upon occasion of the Tumults and Factions in that City and to prevent its being deliver'd to the French D. James for his greater security raised a Fort for the Garison The Citizens suspecting this tended to deprive them of their Liberty put themselves under the Protection of France and then taking Arms expelled the Garison razing the Fort from the very Foundations which necessitated them to prepare for the ensuing War and for the Siege which was laid to the Place by D. Peter de Toledo in pursuance of the Emperor's commands This Year died at Florence Paulus Jovius at Ferrara Lillus Gregorius Giraldus and at Salamanca Ferdinand Pincianus the Greek Commentator Anno 1553. King Edward of England departed this Life on the 16th of July his Sister Queen Mary succeeded him tho opposed by many She being possessed of the Crown restor'd the Catholick Religion D. Peter de Toledo lying at the Siege of Siena died in the House of his Son-in-Law Cosmo de Medicis Duke of Florence His Forces return'd to Naples upon a Report of the approach of the Turkish Fleet under the command of the afore-mention'd Prince of Salerno This Fleet appear'd before Naples but there happening no Mutiny in the City it sailed on to Corsica great part whereof the Turks possessed themselves of it being subject to the Genoeses This Year John Prince of Portugal Married Joanna the Emperor's Daughter with great Solemnity but the Joy of this Match was not lasting Anno 1554. Before a Year was gone about after his Marriage the said Prince John died at Lisbon the 2d of January His Body was buried at the Monastery of Bethlem near Lisbon On the 20th of January his Wife was deliver'd of a Son who of the Day of his Birth was called Sebastian He was of a Noble and truly Royal Spirit but lived not long His Mother went away to Castile to govern those Kingdoms because her Brother Prince Philip was going away to be Married The new Queen of England desiring to secure her self in the Throne thought fit to chuse a Resolute and Powerful Husband and found none fitter for her purpose than Philip Prince of Spain to whom the Emperor his Father had on the last of October before resign'd up the Kingdom of Naples and Dukedom of Milan All Points being adjusted the Prince went over into England where the Marriage was Solemnized at Winchester on the 25th of July being St. James's Day Cardinal Reginald Poole was present being the Pope's Legate of the Blood Royal of England and great Sanctity of Life to reduce that Kingdom as he did to the Obedience of the Church of Rome Our Forces return'd to the Siege of Siena and the Marquis de Marignano the Emperor's General overthrew in Battel near that City Peter Strozzi a Banish'd Florentin sent by the French King with Forces to relieve the Besieged and drive the Imperialists out of Milan Anno 1555. Pope Julius died at Rome the 23d of March and on the 10th of April Cardinal Marcellus Gerninus born at Montepulchiano was chosen to succeed him and kept his former Name He held S. Peter's Chair only 22 days wherefore on the 23th of May Cardinal John Peter Garrasa born at Naples of noble Birth and a great Spirit was Elected in his room He took the Name of Paul IVth and governed the Church 4 Years 2 Months and 27 Days At length the City Siena tired with the Miseries of a long Siege was surrendred to the Emperor D. Francis de Mendoça Cardinal of Burgos was sent from Rome to settle the Government of that City At the Suit and Intercession of Cardinal Alexander Farnesius the Emperor pardoned his Brother Duke Octavius but kept in his hands the Citadel of Plasencia where a Spanish Garrison was left which King Philip the Second some Years after withdrew D. Ferdinand of Toledo Duke of Alva was at this time Viceroy of Naples he was ordered to march to Milan to oppose the Mareschal de Brissac who made War on that side for the King of France tho not with much vigor King Philip the Summer being well advanced departed out of England and came to Brussels where the Emperor his Father resigned up to him all his Kingdoms being desirous to take his repose as he accordingly did the Year following when having given up the Empire to his Brother Ferdinand he with his two Sisters the two Queens Ellenor and Mary went over into Spain and made choice for his retreat of the Monastery of S. Justa of the Order of S. Hierome in the territory of Plasencia
firing their Cannon disordered the Enemy Next to them D. John of Austria the first boarded the Turkish Admiral and after a doubtful Fight took her In her was killed Hali Bassa Admiral of the Fleet and two Sons of his were taken and presently Victory began to incline to the Christians Vchali the Pyrat did great harm upon the right taking 10 of our Gallies but seeing the rest of the Fleet overthrown he stood out to Sea and escaped with several of his Gallies It was a terrible Spectacle all resounded with various Cries and nothing was to be seen but killing pursuing battering and sinking of Vessels The Sea was covered with Blood and dead Bodies and the Air darkned with the Smoke 200 Turkish Gallies were either taken or sunk 25000 Turks were killed and 20000 Christian Captives set at liberty Of the Christians many were killed and among them no small number of Persons of note In short this was one of the greatest Victories that had been obtained in many years and there was great rejoycing for it in all parts of Christendom tho it was not pleasing to the Hereticks This Battel was fought on the 7th of October on which day the Memory of it is yearly celebrated as a Festival at Toledo Anno 1572. Pope Pius the 5th desiring to carry on this good Work the last Summer sent his Nephew Cardinal of Alexandria Michael Gislerius his Legate into France and Portugal to perswade those Kings to enter into this League With him went F. Francis Borgia a holy Man at that time General of the Jesuits in the place of F. James Lainez These Endeavours were fruitless as well for other Causes that occur'd as because the Pope died not long after on the 1st of Mary very unfortunately for the Affairs of Christendom Immediately after on the 10th of May Cardinal Hugo Bocompanus born at Bolongna was substituted in his Place and took the Name of Gregory the 13th He behaved himself so well that the Grief conceived for the loss of his Predecessor was much allayed for following his Footsteps he confirmed the League with the Venetians and with incredible Diligence furnished Men and Money for carrying on the War He held S. Peter's Chair 13 Years wanting one Month. At the beginning of Spring Charles the 9th King of France married Elizaleth Daughter to the Emperor Maximilian a Lady of great Vertue and extraordinary Beauty It was proposed to marry Margaret the French King's Sister to Henry of Bourbon Prince of Navarre by that means to allay the Tumults in France Pope Pius laboured to hinder that Match and offered King Sebastian of Portugal should take her to Wife which he consented to and even to accept of her without a Portion provided the French King would enter into the League against the Turks However the Prince of Navarre was preferred His Mother Joanna Queen of Navarre died at Paris the 10th of June and nevertheless the Marriage was solemnized towards the end of the Summer with a great Concourse of Nobility as well of the Hereticks as Catholicks In this Concourse Admiral Coligni was shot from a Window by the Contrivance of the Duke of Guise the Consequence whereof was a general Massacre of all the Hereticks in the City of Paris to the number of 10000. The Heads of them were put to Death by the King's Order having discovered a Conspiracy among them for assassinating of him the rest were outragiously murdered by the Rabble In Flanders the last Year towards defraying the Charge of the War a Tax was layed being the 10th Penny of all things sold This Imposition was so heavy to those Provinces which depend chiefly upon Trade that many Cities rebelled and were soon supported by Forces that came to their Assistance out of England Germany and France Zeland and Holland two inaccessible Provinces lying on the Sea and encompassed with Water were the first that rebelled Mons a strong City in Hainault followed their example D. Frederick Son to the Duke of Alva layed siege to it and leaving a sufficient Force to secure his Works marched to meet 4000 French who were coming to relieve the Place He overthrew them killing a great number taking Genlis their Commander Prisoner who died afterwards in the Castle of Antwerp The Prince of Orange came also with Forces out of Germany but the Duke of Alva had so secured all things he was forced to retire without making any attempt These Troubles besides the other Harms they did were the cause the League against the Turks was dissolved For D. John of Austria having gathered a mightier Fleet at Messina than the Year before stayed there a great while being in care for the Affairs of the Low-Countries and the more for that it was reported the French would make War on that side Thus the Season fit for Service being passed he set out of that Port at the end of September to join the Venetians and try the Fortune of another Battel But the Enemies Fleet kept close about Modon Coron and Navarrino in the Morea refusing to come to a Battel The Christian Fleet having lost all hopes of Fighting and the Weather growing unseasonable went to winter in several Ports Anno 1573. The Venetians either in consideration of the little Advantage gained by this great Fleet or because they had lost the rich Trade of the East without regard to the Confederate Princes made a shameful Peace with the Turks yielding up to them not only the Island of Cyprus but several Towns they held in Sclavonia and paying to them 300000 Ducats In May Henry Duke of Anjou the French King's Brother was elected King of Poland It was reported the French Gold bought the Votes but certain it is that as soon as the Duke heard of his Election he raised the Siege he had layed to Rochel and went to take Possession of his Kingdom D. John of Austria in October with the Fleet he had prepared against the Turks sailed over to Tunez and restored that Kingdom to Muleasse Grandson to that Muleasse who we said was expelled his Kingdom and his Eyes put out by his Son Muley Hamet the King now deposed was sent to Sicily whither soon after D. John of Austria having settled the Government and left a Garison in the City followed Thence he went over to Naples designing for Spain This Winter appeared a Comet which was only like a great shining Star without any Tail near the North-Pole What all the Astrologers admir'd in it was that it had no Parallaxis but from all places appeared to be near the same Stars and consequently must be supposed to be as high as the Stars themselves Anno 1574. The Duke of Alva having leave to return home D. Luis de Requesens chief Commendary of Castile was made Governor of the Low-Countries He came from Milan to Flanders at the beginning of the Year and it was hoped his mild Disposition and Wisdom would remedy all the Disorders
of it he drew up his Men placing 3 Regiments on a rising Ground on the Left and as many on the Right which be cause it was not so advantageous a Post as the other he fortified the best the time would permit It being impossible by reason of the River to attack him any way but in the Front he drew up the Foot before the Horse This done he advanced himself to view the Enemy whom he discovered ranging his Battel about a Cannon-shot from him and leaving two Companies to advertise him of their Motion he returned to the Army He was scarce come to it when he perceived the two Companies retire the Enemy advancing with all speed to attack him Three Charges the Enemy gave upon the Right and Left Wing but the fiercest on the Right as being the weakest but our Foot behaved themselves with such Bravery that Grance was forced to retire having about 600 Men killed or wounded besides the Prisoners taken Next day the Enemy marched away towards Montferrat the Marquess tho' inferior to him in number keeping close after him Several days passed in this manner and the Marquess perceiving Grance's Design was to get Quarters in the rich Country up the Upper Novara he prevented him only by two hours The Floods now rising gave them a good Pretence to retire out of the Country and were a convenient Excuse for us to suffer them so to do without molestation Christina Queen of Sweden who inherited her Father the Great Gustavus Adolphus's Kingdom and his Wars sent this Year an Ambassador to the Court of Spain to settle Peace and Commerce between the Two Crowns He was favourably received and having concluded the Business he came about to his Satisfaction returned home to give an account of his Negociation Soon after King Philip to make his Peace the more firm and permanent sent D. Antony Pimentel y Prado his Ambassador to the Court of Sweden where he was received and entertained with all the Honours due to his Character In England the Usurper Oliver Cromwell this Year settled the Council of State Next he made War upon the Hollanders Then he marched into London with his Army formed a House of Commons to his own Mind and was at last declared Protector of the Commonwealth of England wanting nothing but the Title of King which he also aspired to His wonderful Fortune had raised him to that pitch that all Princes sought his Friendship and were jealous of his Power Anno 1654. Now was the Pantheon at the Escurial designed for the Burial of the Kings of Spain and began by King Philip II. finished by King Philip IV. All things being prepared with Magnificence for the Ceremony of Translating the Bodies on the 16th of March King Philip attended by a great number of the Nobility and Prelates repaired thither to be present at the Solemnity Each Body was carried by 3 Noblemen and 3 of the Religious of that House and were those of the Emperor Charles V. and his Empress King Philip II. and his Queen Philip III. and his Queen and Queen Elizabeth of Bourbon who had been Wife to Philip IV. then reigning The French passing the Mountains entred the County of Pucerdan and laid siege to the City of that Name a strong and populous Place and at that time well provided There they understood that our Horse had blocked up Roses in order to besiege it hereupon they rose and in 3 days came to Lampurdan which is usually 7 days march 400 of our Horse and 500 Foot lay at this Place Upon the approach of the Enemy our Foot retired but the Horse stood upon their Guard The Enemy's Vanguard consisting of 1000 Horse charged them and were so well received that they retired with loss but their main Body coming up our Men drew off in good Order At the same time 3500 Foot and some Horse were coming from Girona but perceiving the French went into Roses they turned back The Queen's Regiment consisting of 1000 Foot and a Body of 1300 Horse came now out of France to recruit their Army and entred by the way of Cabsir which is opposite to Cerdagne D. Thomas Ban̄uales a Catalonian Gentleman having notice of their coming gathered 500 of the Country-People and giving D. Peter Valencuela an account of his Design marched to meet them D. Peter followed them with 600 Men and finding the Catalonians already engaged so encouraged them and dismayed the Enemy that the Queen's Regiment was broke and above 600 of them taken as was most of the Horse and all their Baggage which the French affirmed to be worth 80000 Ducats there being a great quantity of Merchan dize King Philip being well satisfied of the great Abilities of D. John Francisco de Montemoyor y Cuenca and being sensible of the great Losses the Island Hispaniola has always sustained by Pirates constituted him Governor and Captain-General of that Island that with his Conduct he might Redress those Evils He perceiving the Island of Tortuga was their chief Resuge fitted out a Fleet for the Reducing of it At Monte Christi they met 3 French Ships come from Tortuga which being hard chased ran ashore where Two of them were taken and the other cast away The Fleet holding on its Voyage on the 8th of January 1654 came to Tortuga and landed the Forces at a Creek beyond the Fort. They marched forwards and possessed themselves of some Hills that Commanded the Fort which were vigorously defended by the Enemy On the 12th the Fleet drew near to Cannonade the Fort. Monsieur de la Fontain was Governor of the Island for the French he being summoned to surrender answered He would die rather than betray his Trust Yet seeing 16 Pieces of Cannon mounted and all hopes of Relief cut off he capitulated On the 19th of January about 500 Men Women and Children came out of the Fort and were shipped for their Plantations our Men at the same time taking possession This was the common Resuge of the Pyrates whence they went out to Rob all those Seas In the Castle were found 74 Pieces of Cannon Many Indian Slaves taken by the Enemy in the Year 1652 were set at liberty Two Ships one small Frigot and other lesser Vessels were taken After the reducing of the Fort another Vessel laden with Salt not knowing what had hapned came into the Harbour and was seized The Salt was divided among the owners of the Flocks of Basaha to salt meat for the Garrison in which were left 100 Spaniards and some Irish Ferdinand King of the Romans and of Hungary and Bohemia Son to the Emperor Ferdinand III died at Vienna upon the 4th of July of the small Pox Leopold of Austria his Brother succeeded him in the Kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia and afterwards in the Empire which he still enjoys The Duke of Bragança King of Portugal pressed the Pope to fill up the vacant Sees of that Kingdom there being then but one Bishop in all
and being asked by the Bishop whether by Virtue of the Commission he had of the most Christian King he would in his Name take to Wise the Lady Teresa of Austria Princess of Spain he answered he would and taking a Ring of Inestimable Value stretched it towards the new Queens Hand without touching her which his Majesty taking up put upon the 3d Finger of her left Hand After this Ceremony Te Deum was Sung and all the Cannon Fired On the 5th of June the King privately saw his Sister the Queen Mother of France and on the 6th both the Kings met in the House on the Island of the River that parts Spain and France In this Congress they testified all possible Affection one to another Their Majesties being Seated Cardinal Mazarine brought a Mass Book on which the King of France took his Oath to Observe all the Articles of the Peace lately Concluded The Catholick King did the same the Patriarch of the West-Indies holding the Book This done all the Company voided the Room and their Majesties remained alone for Four hours In the afternoon both Kings Rode out along the Banks of the River After this they sent Presents to one another of inestimable Value On the 7th the Two Kings met again in the House of the Conference with a multitude of Attendance in most costly Attire they were above an hour in Private and then the Doors being set open all the great Men of both Kingdoms came in and kissed their Hands This Ceremony being over King Philip took leave of his Daughter and both Kings parted King Philip the next day set out towards Madrid whither he came on the 2oth having by the way been Entertained with all Princely Grandeur at Vallladolid The Marriage of the most Christian King and Queen was Celebrated in the Church of S. John de Luz on the 9th of June On the 12th their Majesties gave Audience to the Ambassadors of Poland Sweden Venice Gema and Savoy who came to Congratulate their happy Conjunction That same day arrived at that Town the Count de FuensaldanÌ„a with a mighty Train of Spanish and Italian Gentry 36 Sumptures 20 State Horses 8 Coaches and 100 Footmen their Liveries Embroidered with Gold and Silver Some Persons of Quality and the Introductor of of Ambassadors went out to Meet and Conducted him to the Palace where he was Visited by at the Nobility Next day he had Audience of their most Christian Majesties The King and Queen Departing towards Paris on the 2d of August came to Fontainbleau a most delightful Palace On the 10th they went to Bois de Vincennes where they stayed that all things might be in a readiness for their Reception at Paris Hence they set out the 26th and in the Suburb of S. Antonie of Paris stopped in a stately Hall built on purpose and richly adorned to receive the Compliments of the Clergy Magistrates and University From this Place to the Palace of the Louvre was made a Lane of the 16 Regiments of Militia of that City each consisting of 700 Men in all 11200 richly clad through which the King and Queen passed to the said Palace Thus Peace was restored not only to France and Spain but almost to all Europe this most memorable Year 1660 and Germany had leisure to provide to oppose the Designs of the Ottoman Emperor whose mighty Army was coming into Hungary threatning Destruction to all those Countreys Venice still continued the War against the Infidels in Candia England rejoiced in the Restoration of as rightful Sovereign Anno 1661. D. John of Austria being Commissioned to command the Army against Portugal came to Zafra upon the 21th of March where he made a Review of all the Forces and visited the Magazines and Stores all which he found better provided than had been imagined The Horse mustered at Truxillo and were found 6300 strong of whom D. James Cavallero their General took Charge Soon after 500 of our Horse took 50 Mules loaded with Arms and Ammunition that were going from Elvas to Campomayor without lossing a Man D. John of Austria marched from Badajoz on the 15th of June with 15 Battalions of Foot consisting of 9560 Men and 5200 Horse The same Day he came in Sight of Campomayor which fearing a Siege was well provided for its Defence By the way the Watch-Towers and the Castle of Origuela were blown up and the Town destroyed and at Night the Army posted at self in order to lay Siege to Aronches Next Day they began their Approaches and cast in some Bombs The 17th four-Pieces of Cannon began to batter the Place and the Portugueses perceiving a Breach would soon be made capitulated and a Garrison was put into it Such as would stay in the Town were allowed to possess what they had the rest to depart within 8 Days Aronches is a Town of about 500 Houses standing on the River Alegrete has good Walls and a Castle sends a Representative to the Cortes or Parliament It s Trade is Cloath it lies near Portalegre and 3 Leagues from Albuquerque and by this means all Relief was cut-off from Elvas and Campomayor on that side The Enemy having assembled their Army at Estremoz and finding it too weak for ours broke it up and dispersed it into Garisons our Horse the mean while wasting all the Country 3 Leagues round Aronches D. John upon their breaking up with 4000 Horse marched to Estremoz and no Enemy appearing in the Field turned off to Veiros He sent a Trumpet to summon this Place and having received an ill Answer caused part of the Cavally to dismount who assaulted the Town and entring it put all to the Sword who had not time to flie to the Castle and then plundered their Houses which afterwards they set fire to as they did to all the Villages Corn and Trees about it D. John resolving to make Aronches his chief Magazine and Place of Rendevouz for the Province of Alentejo repaired the Walls and Castle fortified the Parish Church raised 5 Bastions 4 Ravelins two great Platforms and a Half Moon made a Diâ—â—h 40 Foot wide and 20 in depth and a covered way to the Ditch palizaded This obliged the Enemy to fortifie and Garrison several Places as Estremoz Villaviciâ—sa Alegrete and others The Fortifications being ended and all the Country ravaged D. John garrisoned the frontien Towns and put 1000 Foot and 400 Horse into Aronches with Provision for 6 Months and 11 Pieces of Cannon leaving D. Ventura de Tarragona Governour which done he returned to Badajoz and put his Army into Quarters designing to take the Field again about the end of September As our Army was marching to Quarters the Earl of Cantaneda the Enemies General came out of Estremoz with 1000 Foot and 2000 Horse and took a view of Aronches whence the Cannon made him remove having killed 18 of his Horse and the chief Ingineer of Portugal D. John hearing of this their Motion marched
and given to their Order 175 Caligula succeeds Tiberius and reigns 3 Years 10 Months and 8 Days 52 Calixtus Chosen Pope 383 Calpurnius Pilo 32 Canary Islands 266 Conquer'd 339 Cantabri who they were 49 They are routed 49 Cape of Good Hope discover'd 380 Caracalla reigns 6 Years and 2 Months 57 Carcastonne lost and recover'd by the Earl of Barcelona 162 Cardinals fall off from the Pope 540 Carmona Besieg'd and other Towns taken Fol. 210 p. 2 Carmona surrendred to the Christians 211 Besieg'd by the Usurper 289 Carthaginians their Undertakings 10 Their first coming into Spain 12 They make War on the Phoenicians 13 Discover a new Island 16 Routed Forced from the Siege of Iliturgum Their Army again Defeated 24 Attack the Roman Camp and are repuls'd 26 Carthusian and Cestercian Monks 163 Castile its Earls Executed 820 Invaded by the Infidels 123 It s Earl reconciled to the King of Leon. 124 It s Earl imprison'd in Leon escapes by the Contrivance of his Wife 125 In League with Aragon against Navarre 170 Again 173 Commences War with the Moors 185 Reconcil'd to Portugal 238 In League with Aragon against the Moors 243 At War with the Moors 253 In League with Aragon 267 In League with Navarre 281 In League with England 281 Divided 283 At variance with Navarre 294 Makes Peace with Aragon 362 Still at variance 373 Divided betwixt the Rightful Princess and Elizabeth the Usurper 422 Castilian Fleet ravages the Coast of Britany 296 Ravages the Coasts of Portugal 301 Castilians vanquish the Moors 124 Gain another Victory 124 And Aragonians make War upon the Moors Fol. 206 p. 2 Overthrow the Portugueses at Sea 259 Overthrow the Aragonians and Navarrois 258 Defeated 302 Catalonia reduced 416 Catalonians their Actions in Asia and Greece They overthrow the Turks Their General put to Death They defeat the Greeks 249 Cathedral of Burgos built by an English Man 201 Catherine Queen of Castile dies 739 Cato the first Consul in Spain 30 Kills 40000 Spaniards Returns to Rome and Triumphs 31 Cause of the Wars betwixt Castile and Aragon Cefalonia taken by the Turks 485 Caelestin the 5th Pope Abdicates 235 Celts People of France come into Spain 10 Ceuta taken 243 Taken by the Portugueses 337 Challenge betwixt the Kings of France and Aragon 223 Charlemain in Spain 110 Charles Brother to the King of France Crowned King of Sicily and Naples 215 Dies Ibid. Charles Prince of Salerno made King of Apulia and Sicily 228 Charles the V. of France Dies 250 Charles VI. succeeds 296 Charles Inherits the Crown of Navarre 304 Dies 347 Charles II. King of Navarre 367 Charles Duke of Durazzo Crowned King of Naples 297 Charles Prince of Viana Dies 403 Charles King of Naples Dies 226 Charles VII King of France Dies 481 Charles V. Emperor his Birth 484 Chindasuinthus Usurps with the assistance of the Army 89 Chintila Ascends the Throne by Election 88 Christ our Lord Born 752 Years after the Building of Rome and in the 42th Year of the Reign of Augustus 51 Christian Princes united defeat the Infidels 130 Christian Dominions in Spain united under one Head 135 Christian Army advances against the Infidels 189 Christian Nobles perswade the Infidels to Revolt F. 215. p. 2 Christian Kings of Spain at variance 258 Christian Fleet destroyed by the Moors 261 Christians overthrown 99 Defeated 117 Suffer under the Moors 128 Spoil the Territories of the Moors 133 Join with Infidels to raise the Siege of Huesca 156 Succesful F. 209. p. 2 Defeated 447 Christopher Columbus Dies 517 Cimbri enter Spain Return with the Germans and are again Repulsed 41 Civil Wars betwixt Caesar and Pompey 45 Of Rome 48 In Aragon 200 In Navarre 403 Claudius Centho 32 Claudius Caesar Reigns almost 14 Years 52 Clement V. chosen Pope 242 Clement Pope owned in Castile 297 Clement the Pope Dies 316 Coimbra taken from the Moors 137 Combat betwixt 13 French and as many Italians 494 Commotions among the Spaniards 23 In Castile 201 In Catalonia 220 Competitors for the Kingdom of Naples 342 Conditions of Peace betwixt the Kings of Leon and Navarre 135 Confederacy against Castile 236 282 Against the Aragonians 362 Conference of the Kings of France and Castile 404 Of the French and Spanish Generals 491 Confusion of Tongues 1 Confusions in Africk 267 In Aragon 333 In Castile 408 In Biscay 413 Upon the Death of King Philip. 522 Conquest of Majorca resolved upon by the King of Aragon 204 Conspiracy detected and punished 115 Against the French in Sicily 222 Against D. Alvaro de Luna Of the Nobles 347 To Destroy D. Alvaro de Luna 365 Against K. Henry IV. of Castile 383 In Castile discovered 532 Conspirators apprehended others fly 374 Constance the King of Aragon's Daughter Married to the King of Sicily 279 Dies 282 Constans Murdered 62 Constantine the Great Reigns 32 Years 9 Months and 27 Days 60 His Death 61 Constantine Constantius and Constans Reign 62 Constantine Murdered 62 Constantius Reigns 1 Year and 10 Months 59 Constantius sole Monarch 62 His Death 62 Constantinople taken by the Turks 379 Contests about the Imperial Crown F. 212. p. 2 Controversies betwixt Castile and Portugal about their Discoveries 462 Conversion of Two Moorish Princes 140 Cordova taken by the Christians and Revolts 171 Part of it taken by a handful of Men. F. 206. p. 2 Described Besieged Surrendred 207 Cortes of Castile raise Money 237 Cortes of Castile Summoned by the King and his Son follow the latter 222 Settle the Government of Castile 247 Held at Alcalâ 267 Settle the Government of Castile 309 Meet at Madrid 313 Held in Castile 323 Grant Supplies for War with the Moors 327 Held at Burgos by K. Ferdmand Cortes meet in the Kingdom of Aragon 224 Held at Moncon 538 Held by the Queen Council of Constantinople General 64 Of Nice General 61 Of Toledo the first 66 Of Chalcedon General 67 Of Tarragona 75 Of Toledo the Second 75 Of Constantinople the 5th General 77 Of Braga the First 77 Of Braga the Second 78 Of Toledo the Third 84 Of Toledo the Fourth 86 Of Sevil. 87 Of Toledo the Fifth 88 89 Of Toledo the Sixth 89 Of Toledo the Seventh 89 Of Toledo the 8th 9th and 10th 90 Of Toledo the 11th 94 Of Toledo the 12 13th and 14th 15th 16th 17th and last 95 Of Constantinople VI. of the General 95 Of Florence General 141 Of Valencia 116 Of Rheimes General 172 Lateran General 197 Of Lions General 210 Of Vienne in Dauphinê General 244 Of Constance General 336 Of Basil General 358 Of Mantua General 401 Of Pamplona 136 Of Compostella Jaca and S. John de la Pena 142 Of Burgos 147 Of Tarragona 183 350 Of Toledo 240 Of Valladolid 251 Of Barcelona 261 Of Coyenca 140 Of Leon. 152 Of Aranda 419 Countess of Medellin a Turbulent Woman 434 Country of the Moors wasted Cruel Action of the Earles of Carrion They are overcome in Combat 157 Cruel Murder 135
Sertorius 40 Monasteries founded 89 Monks cast off their Subjection to the Bishops 155 Moors 12000 of them pass over into Spain their 2d Coming 98 Their Progress in Spain 99 From Spain they invade France 104 37000 kill'd in one Battel by Charles Martel 105 In Rebellion at Toledo and at Cordova 111 Overthrown 30000 of them kill'd in a Battel 122 Their Kingdom divided into many small Principalities They buy a Peace 133 Rise against King Ferdinand and are suppress'd 143 Intercede for the Queen and Archbishop 152 Routed by the Christians 156 60000 of them kill'd 199 20000 overthrown Fol. 208 p. 2 Vanquish'd in a Sea Fight 210 234 Banish'd Valencia Fol. 212 p. 2 Begin the War Fol. 214 p. 2 Of Granada expell their King 10000 of them slain with their King 246 268 470000 invade Spain 261 20000 slain Call'd by the Christians to their Assistance 277 Overthrown 332 Ravage Andaluzia 376 Of Granada break the Peace 402 Of Granada invade Murcia 430 Recover the lost Towns 453 In the Mountains rebell 483 Moorish Fleet perishes by Storms 116 Moorish King baptiz'd 207 Moorish Kings of Loragoca 159 Moorish Kings in Spain revolt 214 Moorish King of Granada depos'd 244 Moorish King of Granada wrongfully put to Death 280 Moorish King taken and set at liberty 444 Submits himself 454 Besieg'd by his own People 555 More Troubles in Gastile 241 Most villanous Action of Castilian Rebels 407 Mountain falls 103 Mozambique discover'd 475 Mummius defeated and 10000 of his Men slain He Triumphs over the Lusitani 34 Murcia Kingdom deliver'd up by the Moors 209 Murcia City taken by the Aragonians 215 237 Murder of 7 Brothers call'd the Infantes of Lara 129 Mutinous Lords in Castile submit 315 Matiny in Rome about choosing a Pope 63 In Sevil. 309 In Toledo 525 375 At Segovia 376 About Taxes 404 At Toledo and Sevil. 415 At Badajoz 231 In the Spanish Army 504 Muza the Moor comes into Spain Takes several Towns He and Tariff at variance 100 His Death 103 N. Naples besieg'd by the Aragonians 364 Taken by the Aragonians 368 Navarre revolts 91 Brought under by the French 219 Makes Peace with Castle 295 Its Kings Fictions concerning them Un certainties concerning that Country abridg'd 121 It s King defeated and taken by the Earl of Castile 125 Over-run by the Kings of Aragon and Castile 187 United to Castile Invaded by the French 551 Swears Allegiance to King Ferdinand 549 Pacifi'd Navarrois and Arragonians make War 536 Navarrois twice defeated 175 Navas de Tolosa Battel why so call'd 190 Nebuchadnezzar said to conquer Spain 11 Nero reigns 14 Years Kills himself 53 Nerva reigns 16 Months 55 New Debate in Aragon Fol. 215 p. 2 Trouble in Castile 338 520 And Breach of Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon 352 Commotions in Castile 366 War in Naples 386 Nicholas Pope dies 383 Nigidius routed by Viriatus 36 Nineteen Sail of Infidels destroy'd 503 Nobility of Castile raise Tumults 340 Supported in Rebellion by the King of Navarre 375 Conspire against their King Fol. 216 p. 2 Reconcil'd 311 Nobility of Naples favour the Aragonians 359 Swear Fidelity to Spain 506 Noblemen secure to themselves all strong Holds 430 Nobles of Castile reconciled to King Alonso 216 Nobles of Castile join with Portugal in favour of the rightful Heiress 423 Nobles in Castile for and against King Philip 514 Norbanus Triumphs over Spain 49 Normans infest the Coast of Spain 114 126 Their Actions in Italy Their Earls and Kings 148 Notable Combat of 11 Persons on each side 493 Notable Valour of a Spaniard 504 Notes of the Translator 107 110 Numantia its Description Terms of Peace it made with Sempronius Gracchus 33 Prosecrtion of the War 34 Revolts again Is besieged by Pompey 38 Destroy'd by Scipio 40 Nuptials in Germany O Obeydalla calls himself King of Toledo 132 Occasion of the barbarous Nations coming into Spain 68 Of the Wars betwixt France and England 253 Odd Project if true 100 Olmedo doubtful Fight betwixt the King and the Rebels 409 Opilius Macrinus reigns 3 Months and 28 Days 57 Oran in Africk taken 534 Order of the Belt Instituted 257 Orders of S. Dominick La Merced of Redemption of Captives 200 Of S. Hierome and S. Isidore 292 Ordono King of Leon his Reign 113 Ordono the 2d succeeds 117 Ordono the 3d inherits the Crown Is divorced from his Wife and Marries another 123 Ordono usurps and expells King Sancho flies to the Moors Original of the Division of the Goths 97 Of the several Kingdoms of Spain Of the Kings of Navarre Of the Earls of Aragon and those of Barcelona 117 Of the Neapolitan War 464 Orus or Hercules kills the 3 Sons oof Gerion 7 Osiris the Egyptian kills Gerion 6 Otho joins Galba Reigns 95 Days 53 Is defeated and kills himself 34 Ottoman Founder of the Empire of that Name 247 Overthrow given the Infidels 149 Of the Christians 217 Of the Moors 253 Of the Rebels in Catalonia 406 Of the Portugueses 455 Of the Swissers 561 Of the Castilians 303 P. Pacification in Aragon 204 Padua recover'd from the Venetians 536 Palencia rebuilt 136 Palma one oof the Canary Islands conquer'd 464 Particulars of the Christians Success 262 Paul General for King Wamba takes part with the REbels Is declar'd King 91 Taken Prisoner 93 Paul the 2 d Pope dies 415 Paul de Cartagena famous for Learning 319 Paulus Hypseus Peace in Spain 40 Broken by the Infidels 126 Betwixt the Moors and King of Leon. 126 With the Romans 87 With the Moors 227 Betwixt France and Aragon 333 Betwixt Sicily and Naples 240 Betwixt Castile and Aragon 164 168 260 279 For some time with the Moors 208 Betwixt the English and Castilians 355 Betwixt Castile Aragon and Navarre 351 Betwixt Castile and Portugal 290 435 291 336 Betwixt France and Castile 433 Betwixt France and Spain 485 Betwixt France and Venice 553 With France takes no effect 496 Pelayus or Pelagius flies too Biscay 99 Undertakes to oppose the Infidels Cause of his taking Arms. Is declar'd King 102 With 1000 Christians miraculously overcomes a great Power of the Infidels 103 His Power increases 104 His Death 105 Penon in Africk taken by the Spaniards Perfidiousness of Duke Valentin 507 Perpenna succeeds Sertorius Is kill'd 44 Perpignan built 144 Persecution under Severus 57 Under Decius 58 Under Dioclesian 59 At Cordova 112 Under the Moors 173 Peter declar'd King of Castile Is sick and recovers 268 Marries 270 Forsakes his Queen for the Lady Mary de Padilla 270 Changes his Officers Punishes Rebels Marries another and forsakes her his first Wife still living 271 Punishes Rebels 273 Expell'd the Kingdom 283 Flies to the English 284 Restor'd 285 Excommunicated and absolv'd 286 Provides for his Defence Is overthrown Betray'd and Murder'd by his Bastard-Brother 287 Peter the 1 st King of Aragon succeeds his Father 156 Peter the 2 d King of Aragon 186 Peter the 3 d King of
the XIth succeeds Mighty Divisions throughout Spain 1304. K. Denis of Portugal as Arbitrator reconciles Oustile and Aragon 1305. Roger Lauria the great Admiral Clement the Vth. chosen Pope Houses of Haro and Lara reconcil'd Discord among the Moors 1309 Castile and Aragon in League against the Moors Ceuta taken The Infidels twice overthrown Gibraltar taken The Moorish K. of Granada depos'd Queen Blanch of Aragon dies A general Council held at Vienne in Dauphine The Knights Templers destroy'd Possessions of the Templers in Spain 1310 1311 Prince Alonso of Castile has Birth 1312. War with the Moors A wonderful Judgment Ferdinand the IVth King of Castile dies Alonso not 13 Months old declar'd King of Castile â—rago dies The young King kept by the Citizens of Avila 1313. The Moors of Granada expel their new King 1314. The Cortes settle the Government of Castile Turks their Original Growth Ottoman Founder of the Empire of that Name Actions of the Catalonians in Greece They overthrow the Turbs Thier General put to Death They defeat the Greeks They fall out among themselves 1315 Luis King of France dyes and Philip succeeds 1316 John the XXth chosen Pope Infidels defeated by Prince Peter of Castile 1316 1317 Knights of Montesa in Aragon and of Christ in Portugal 1318 1319 Two extraordinary Accidents The death of the Princes of Castile Peter John Jayme heir of Aragon abdicates Several places taken by the Moors Several Governors chosen in the Provinces of Castile 1320 1321 Biscainers and Navarrois at War 1322 A Spanish Synod held at Valladolid King of Granada murder'd King Alonso of Castile enters upon the Government The Rebels associate The form of Association Sardinia conquered by the Aragonians 1324 1325 Denis K. of Portugal dies St. Elizabeth Queen of Portugal Alonso K. of Portugal Rebels of Castile punished 1327. Jayme the IId King of Aragon dies Alonso the IVth succeeds 1328. Occasion of Wars betwixt France and England Castile at War with the Moors Several Places in Castile Rebel 1329 Accord betwixt Aragon Castile and Portugal Affairs of Navarre Acts of the Cortes at Madrid 1330. Overthrow of the Moors Several Places taken from them Description of Africk Mahomet K. of Granada in Africk Alonso de la Cerda rightful K. of Castile submits to Alonso 1332 Order of the Belt instituted 1333 War with the Moors Mahomet King of Granada murder'd 1334 Rebels suppress'd in Castile 1335 Christian Kings of Spain at variance Castilans overthrow the Aragonians and Navarrois 1336. Alonso the IVth K. of Aragon dyes Rebellion of Castro and Albuquerque in Castile Rebels of Castile harden'd 1337. Castilians overthrow the Portuguses at Sea 1337. Frederick King of Sicily dies 1338. Preparations for War Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon Territories of the Moors ravaged 10000 Moors slain with their King Synod at Barcelona 470000 Moors invade Spain The Christian Fleet destroy'd by the Moors Tarifa besieg'd by the Moors The Battle of Salado 200000 Infidels slain Particulars of the successes The Kings after the Victory return to Sevil. Progress of the Christians against the Moors 1341 1342 The defeats of the Infidels at Sea Algezira besieg'd Attempts of the Infidels to Murder the King of Castile 1343. Algezira Siege continu'd Succours from England and other Parts Robert K. of Naples dies 1344. Algezira surrender'd Majorca subdued by the Aragonians 1344. The K. of Majorca delivers himself to him of Aragon Earthquake at Lisbon 1345. Troubles in Aragon 1346. 1347 K. Peter the IV. of Aragon marry'd 1348 Universal Plague Dissention among the Knights of Calatrava Canary Islands 1349 Confusions in Africk Cortes held at Alcalà Places that sent representatives to the Cortes oâ— Parliament Gibraltar besieg'd Castile and Aragon joyn in a League 1350. K. Alonso of Castile dies Peter declared K. of Castile K. Peter Sick and recovers Biscay united â—o the Crown of Castile 1351 Interviews of Kings Blanch Daughter to the Duke of Bourborn contracted to K. Peter of Castile 1352 Seditions arise in the Dominions of Castile Da. Marâ— de Padilla Mistress to King Petir 1353 King Peter marries K. Peter forsakes his Queen for Da. Moria de Padilla K. Peter changeth his Officers 1354 He punishes Rebels K. Peter marries another and forsakes her his first Wife still living Moorish K. of Granada murdered Expedition against Sardinia K. of Aragon makes Peace in Sardinia Progress of the rebellion in Castile Treaty betwixt the K. and his Rebels Queen Mother joyns the Rebels 1355 K. of Navarre murders the Constable of France Pr. Peter of Portugal marries the Lady Agnes de Castro She is murder'd K. Peter punishes Rebels Toro taken by K. Peter Infamous Life and Death of the Queen Mother of Castile War betwixt Castile and Aragon The Causes of the War Victory of the English at Poitiers 1356 1357 Towns taken on both sides Alonso the IIId K. of Portugal dies Peter King of Portugal Rebellion of the Bastards of Castile Moors called by the Christians to their assistance 1358 Rebels punished Era of Cesar abolished 1359 Expedition of King Peter by Sea The Rebels defeat the Royalists 1360 Various accidents Peter K. of Portugal executes the Murderers of the Lady Agnes de Castro Constance the K. of Aragon's Daughter marry'd to the K. of Sicily 1361. Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon Blanch Q. of Castile dies Da. Maria de Padilla dies Peter of Portugal declares his Children Legitimate Presumption of a Legate 1362. Victory of the Moors over the Christians The Moorish K. of Granada wrongfully put to Death Castile and Navarre join in League Da. Maria de Padilla declared by King Peter his lawful Wife 1363. Castile in League with England John K. of France dies Charles the Vth succeeds Constance Qu. of Sicily dies 1364 Confederation against Castile Bernard de Cabrera cruelly put to death 1365 Foreigners come to serve Count Henry 1366 Henry the Bastard proclaims himself K. of Castile Castile divided King Peter expelled the Kingdom King Peter flies to the English War of Navarre Articles betwixt K. Peter and the Prince of Wales 1367. Peter King of Portugal dies Ferdinand K. of Protugal The English pass the Perineans in defence of K. Peter The Battle of Najara Henry routed K. Peter restored Sixteen put to Death for Treason K. Peter excommunicated and absolved The French support Henry the Bastard Henry returns into Spain 1368 K. Peter provides for his defence K. Peter overthrown 1369 Betrayed and Murdred by his Bastard Brother Several pretenders to Castile Martin Lopez faithful to K. Peter Affairs of Aragon Sardinia Of Navarre Henry the Usurper finds many Enemies 1370 Treachery rewarded Allyance betwixt Portugal and Aragon Carmona besieged by the Usurper 1371 Henry the Bastard takes Carmona and breaks the Articles Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal Ferdinand of Portugal marries the Lady Ellmor de Meneses The Pope returns to Rome Victory at Sea of the Spaniards and French over the English War betwixt Castile and Portugal 1373. Peace betwixt
Spain Great Famine and Earth-quakes Perfidiousness of Duke Valentin The great Captain contrary to his faith given sends Duke Valentln into Spain The great Captain ill represented to the King The Emperor Archduke and King of France join in League League against the Venetians Calamities of Princes Frederick King of Naples dies Elizabeth Queen of Spain dies Differences about the Government of Castile 1505. King Ferdinand becomes odious to the People The Emperor and King Philip of Castile ratifie the Peace with France K. Ferdinand agrees with the French King Mazaliquivir in Africk taken Nobles in Castile for and against K. Philip. Accord twixt the 2 Kings Ferdinand and Philip 1506. King Philip in England Little Faith in King Fernand A bloody mutiny at Lisbon King Ferdinand Marries Queen Joanna King Philip lands in Spain King Philip declares against the Treaty with King Ferdinand Christopher Columbus dies Flemmings and Spaniards disagree Forces raised by Ferdinand Many forsake Ferdinand Ferdinand forced to quit Castile Interview of the Two Kings A League Defensive and Offensive betwixt the Two Kings of Spain Jealousie the cause of King Philip's Queen's Distemper New Troubles in Castile King Ferdinand and his Queen at Zaragoça Jealousies raised against the Great Captain King Philip dies Confusions upon the death of King Philip. Government settled for the present King Ferdinand in Italy He comes to Naples Uncertain Government of Castile Q. Joanna wholly unfit to Govern Embassies to K. Ferdinand at Naples Practices of the Emperor 1507. Q. Joanna delivered of a Daughter Mutiny at Toledo Duke Valentine slain K. John of Navarre subdues his Rebellious Subjects Treaty betwixt the Emperor and King Ferdinand Affairs of Naples setled Fâ—ench King in Italy Interview of the two Kings King Ferdinand returns to Castile The Emperor disgusted with Ferdinand The Emperor proceeds against Milan Malecontent in Andaluzia Punishment of the Mutiniers Penon in Africk taken by the Spaniards Portugueses sustain loss at Azamor but relieve Arzila Conspiracies in Castile discovered League of Cambray Soldans Fleet worsted in India Death of Henry the VII of England Henry the VIII succeeds him Oran in Africk taken Venetians set upon on all sides Venetian Army routed Padua recovered by the Venetians Navarrois and Arragonians make War Accord betwixt the Emperor and K. Ferdinand Ferdinand desires Peace with Venice 1510. Bugia and other places taken by the Spaniards Goa in India taken by the Portugueses Vincenza taken by the Imperialists The Pope seizes the Lands of the Duke of Ferrara Cortes or Parliament held at Monçon Investiture of Naples granted to K. Ferdinand D. Garcia de Toledo sent with Forces into Africk Rout of the Spaniards in Africk King Ferdinand assists the Pope Cardinals fall of from the Pope Jealousies of Princes 1511. The Pope pressed to call a general Council Agreement betwixt K. Ferdinand and the K. of England The Emperor cannot be separated from France Success of the Portugueses in India The Pope in vain labours for an accommodation with France League for defence of the Church The War in Italy King of England prepares to invade France Bergamo and Bressa return to the Obedience of the Venetians Venetians overthrown by the French King and Queen of Navarre excommunicated The French advance towards the Confederates Preparations for the Lateran Council Swissers descend into Italy Grounds of the War in Navarre The Duke of Alva enters Navarre Navarre 〈…〉 Ferdinand French decline in Italy Florence Siena and Luca join with the Confederates Great Captain forbid to pass into Italy 〈◊〉 invaded by the French 〈…〉 Bressa taken by the Viceroy Duke Maximilian Sforcia recovers Milain 1513. Pope Julius dies Leo X. chosen Peace betwixt France and Venice A Truce betwixt France and Spain Actions in Navarre Revolutions at Gema Rendezvouz of French at Aste Swisse rout the French K. Henry of England takes Theourenne and Tournay Azaomr taken by the Portugueses Venice Canonaded Queen of France dies Truce betwixt Spain and France prolonged Preparations of the Turk against Italy An Ambassador from Ethiopia arrives in Portugal Luis King of France dies 1515. Alonso de Albequerque his Actions in India 4000 Portugueses slain in Africk Milan recovered by the French Overthow of the Swiss Great Captain ordered to be apprehended Barbarossa besieges Bugia in vain Great Captain dies 1516. K. Ferdinand dies French K in Italy Swiss routed Spaniards expelled Millan K. Ferdinand dies Navarre pacified Henry King of Navarre Mary Qu. of Portugal dies Cardinal Adrian K. Charles in Spain Downfal of the Sultans of Egypt Heresy of Martin Luther K. Charles his Sister married to Emanuel K. of Portugal Maximilian dies Charles the Fifth chosen Emperor Charles the Fifth Crowned Rebellion in Spain Navarre over-run by the French French in Biscay Emanuel K. of Portugal dies Pope Leo dies Adrian chosen Pope Return of the Emperor into Spain K. Christiern expell'd Denmark Death of Pope Adrian Leo the X. chosen Pope Overthrow of the French John King of Portugal marries the Emperors Sister Francis K. of France taken by the Imperialists Accord betwixt Spain and France K. Francis released The Emperormarries the Sister of the K. of Portugal Practices against the Emperor Turks over run Hungary Rome sacked Medicis expelled Florence Prince Philip sworn Heir of Castile Naples besieged Doria quits the French tervice Composition betwixt Fra. and Spain Agreement with Portugal Vienna besieged Coronation of the Emperor Diet at Ausburg Medicis restor'd to Florence Ferdinand chosen K. of the Romans Inundations in Flanders Change of Religion in England CivilWars in Swisserland The Emperor arms a-against the Turks Pope and Emperor meet at Bolonia Pope and King of France meet at Marseilles Pope Clement dies Paul III. succeeds Tuncz taken by the Emperor French invade Savoy Emperor in France Three things remarkable Diet at Worms Diu besieged by the Turks League against the Turks Truce for 10 Years French K. and Emp. meet The Empress dies Rebellion of Ghent Ebora made an Archbishoprick Jesuits confirmed By the Pope Disputes about Religion in Germany Council of Trent Swarms of Locusts Prince Philip Governour of Spain French and Turks take Nice A great Eclipse Barbarussa ravages the Coasts of Italy Emperor and King of England in League against France Marriage of Prince Philip. Proceedings against Hereticks Council of Trent opened Martin Luther's death Disputes betwixt Catholicks and Hereticks Death of two Kings and a Qu. Overthrow of the Saxons Council of Trent breaks up Concessions for reducing Hereticks Maximilian Governour of Spain Rise of the Xerifes in Africk Pope Paul dies Julius III. Elected Council of Trent again summoned War in Flanders Hereticks at the Council of Trent S. Francis Xaverius Turkish Fleet at Naples Siena expells the Imperialists Edward K. of England dies Birth of Prince Sebastian of Portugal Mary Qu. of England Marries Philip Pr. of Spain Julius dies Marcellus succeeds he dies and Paul IV. is chosen Pope Siena surrendred to the Emperor Abdication of the Emperor Truce betwixt France and
Spain Siena given to the Duke of Florence War renewed betwixt France and Spain John III. King of Portugal dies Battel of S. Quintin Great Floods Plague Calis taken Dauphin of France Marries the Queen of Scots Battel of Graveling Mary Qu. of England dies Elizabeth Queen of England Peace betwixt Fra. and Spain K. Philip Marries his third Wife Philip returns into Spain Pius IV. chosen Pope Spaniards worsted by the Turks Rebellion in France Disputes about Religion in France Council of Trent again opened 22 Gallies cast away Duke of Guise murder'd by the Hugonots Spaniards at the Council of Trent Calvin and Beza Penol in Africk taken Malta besieged by the Turks Synods in Spain Pius V. chosen Pope Solyman dies before Sigeth Rebellion of the Low Countries Queen of Scots Imprison'd Duke of Alva Governor of the Low-Countries Rebels in France besiege Paris Prince of Orange heads the Rebels in Holland Morisco's Rebel in Spain Hugonots twice over thrown Qu. Elizabeth Excommunicated Jesuits murder'd Cosmo created D. of Tuscany Earthquake Christian League against the Turk Battel of Lepanto Pope Pius dies French K's Sister married to the Prince of Navarre Several Places in the Low-Countries revolt League against the Turk dissolved Venetians make Peace with the Turk D. John of Austria at Tunez A Comet A new Governor in the Low-Countries King of France dies D. John made Vicar of Italy Archb. of Toledo condemned The Low-Countries conspire against Spain Antwerp plunder'd D. John in the Low Countries Catherine Q. of Portugal dies A Comet Birth of P. Philip. Sebastian K. of Portugal slain with all his Army in Africk General Defection of the Low Countries D. of Alenson in the Low Countries Cardinal Henry K. of Portugal Mount Etna Henry K. of Portugal dies Duke of Alva reduces Portugal Queen of Spain dies Alenson Heads the Rebels in the Low Countries Prince of Orange wounded Synod at Toledo Gregorian Account The Empress in Spain Antony the Bastard of Portugal vanquished Pr. James of Spain dies Alençon returns into France Prince of Orange killed Pr. Philip sworn Heir of Spain Duke of Savoy in Spain Pope Gregory dies Sixtus V. chosen Prince of Parma successful against the Rebels in the Low-Countries Conspiracy against the French King Q. of Scots murder'd Sr F. Drake attempts Cadiz 30000 Germans in France Spanish Armada against England destroyed Duke of Guise put to Death Henry III. King of France murder'd by Clement Antony the Bastard with the English Fleet at Portugal Escuriall finish'd Death of two Popes Mortality Antony Perez his Sufferings Mutiniers punish'd Tumults in Aragon appeas'd K. Philip aspires to the Crown of France Quiroga Archbishop of Toledo Archduke Albertus governs the Netherlands Valladolid made a Bishoprick Sir Francis Drake plunders the Coasts of America Cadiz plundred by Drake Amiens taken by the Spaniards Netherlands given to the Princess Elizabeth K. Philip the 2d dies Marriage of K. Philip the 3d. Great Jubilee The Court at Valladolid Birth of the Princess Ann. Final betrayed Embassy into England Peace betwixt Spain and England concluded Pope Clement dies Leo the 11. succeeds Birth of P. Philip. Princess Mary born A great Tax P. Philip sworn heir of Spain Truce with the Dutch Rebels St. Ignatius beatified Henry IV. King of France murder'd Alarache in Africk taken Morisco's banish'd Queen of Spain dies Marriages of Princes An Earthquake Mamora taken War of Savoy and Mantua Pr. Philip Marries the French K's Sister New Passage into the South-Sea Victory over the Hollanders Duke of Lerma leaves the Government K. Philip in Portugal Pr. Ferdinand Archbishop of Toledo Philip III. dies Pope Paul dies Gregory 15th succeeds Philip the 3d dies Philip 4th succeeds Two Sea Fights Rod. Chalderon beheaded Martyrdoms in Japan P. Gregory dies Vrban the 8th chosen Charles P. of Wales in Spain Ormuz taken by the Persians Discovery of Cathay and Tibet Conversion of Ethiopia Dutch in Brasil Dutch and Turks defeated Jubilee at Rome Breda taken Brasil recovered Cortes of Aragon Floods Persecution in Japan Cazal besieged Birth of P. Balthasar Theatines in Spain War in Italy Gustavus Adolphus French in Lorain Pernambuco taken by the Dutch Conversion of Chaldeans A Fire at Madrid Gustavus Adolphus kill'd Death of the Princess Governess of Flanders Duke of Feria in Alsace Wallestein Executed Monstrous Birth War betwixt Fra. and Spain Spaniards take Towns in Picardy Places in Guienne taken Storm of Wind and Rain Defeat of the French in Sardinia Ships taken Landresi taken by the French Marquis de Leganez in Savoy Dukes of Savoy and Mantua die Commotions in Portugal Dutch routed French twice over thrown An Earthquake Roussillon invaded by the French Catalonia rebels Portugal follows the Example The French join with the Rebels Perpignan taken by the French Great Floods Lerida recovered Elizabeth Q. of Spain dies Cortes of Aragon Valencia A hard Winter Cortes of Castile Olivença taken from the Portugueses Spaniards overthrown in Catalonia Castle of Termes taken Overthrow of the French French in Italy Places in the Low-Countries taken by the French Pr. Balthasar dies D. John of Austria at Sea Prince of Conde in Catalonia Montferrat invaded by the Spaniards Truce with Holland Rebellion of Naples Troubles of France Actions in Portugal Courtray taken Ipres delivered to the French Cambray relieved Charles K. of England murder'd Cromwel's Embassador in Spain killed Portolongone taken English Fleet before Lisbon Catalonians return to their Duty Tortosa taken Leopold the Archduke in Champagne Year of Jubilee Castle of Alcaraz surprzed Spanish Ambassador received by the Rebels in England French decline in Catalonia Queen of Spain delivered of a Daughter D. John of Austria at the Siege of Barcelona Feast of S. Rosalia Barcelona recovered Portugueses worsted Cazal taken Taking of Gravelin Dunkirk also gained Turenne overthrown by Conde Succours sent the French Rebels by the Spaniards French invade Catalonia with the Rebels Small Encounters in Portugal Repulfe of the French Pantheon finished French pass the Pyreneans Bulls for Portugues Bishops refused by the Pope Prince of Conti takes Ville Franche Duke of Lorrain apprehended Portugues Ambassador's Brother in England beheaded Pope Innocent X. dies Duke of Guise set at liberty Turks before Candia Perfidious Act of the Portugueses Peece with Oliver Cromwell English invade Hispaniola Ships taken Galleons destroyed Berga in Catalonia recovered D. John of Austria takes Solfona Pope Alexander VII chosen D John of Austria sent for Flaudert Defeat of the French at Valenciennes D. John takes S. Gillain French and English join Montmidy surrendred to the French Plague at Naples French obliged to quit the Siege of Alexandria Exploits of Mallorquins Spanish West India Fleet burnt by Blake Dunkirk taken by the French and English Great Floods Embassie from a Black King Marquess of Mortara attacks the French and is repulsed Duke of Ossuna makes an Irruption into Portugal Badajoz besieged by the Portugueses Badajoz relieved Posture of Affairs in Flanders Cessation of Arms betwixt France and Spain Conferences for Peace Peace Concluded A Bell Rings of it self K. Philip goes with the Princess his Daughter to the Frontiers Ceremony of Contracting the Princess The marriage of the Princess D. John of Austria commands against Portugal He takes Aronches and other Places Enterprizes on the Frontiers of Portugal Duke of Ossima his Actions in Portugal Prince Philip dies A terrible Storm Riches of the Spanish Fleet. Marquess de Leganez destroys many Moors about Oran War betwixt the Venetians and Tarks Turks enter Transilvania A Prodigy D. John of Austria enters Portugal He takes Borba and Juramenha D. John takes Evora and i◠afterwards routed Duke of Ossuna again in Portugal The K.'s Daughter Margaret married to the Emperor War betwixt the Emperor and the Turk Slaughter of the English Garison at Tangier Marques de Caracena General against Portugal K. Phil IV. dies K. Charles II of Spain proclaimed Overtures of Peace betwixt Spain and Portugal Queen Regent of Portugal dies Alarache in vain attempted by the Moors A murder committed by a Woman Turkish Fleet beaten The French begin the War in Flanders French Kingtakes Towns in Flanders Pope Alexander the 7th dies Clement the 9th chosen Rogusa destroyed by an Earthquake Peace concluded with Portugal Alonso K. of Portugal imprisoned by his Brother K. Alonso of Portugal sent to the Island Tercera D John of Austria Ld. Lieutenant and Capt. General of Aragon F. Nitard sent from Court Collation rf great Officers