same_o with_o the_o charge_n upon_o commodity_n to_o the_o price_n whereat_o the_o say_v commodity_n be_v buy_v as_o well_o in_o his_o native_a country_n as_o in_o other_o country_n where_o he_o do_v traffic_n and_o trade_n in_o russia_n denmark_n and_o sweathen_a custom_n rigorous_a deal_n for_o custom_n the_o custom_n and_o ordinance_n be_v if_o a_o merchant_n do_v not_o declare_v all_o his_o commodity_n which_o he_o import_v or_o export_v but_o conceal_v some_o part_n of_o they_o all_o the_o commodity_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o prince_n and_o he_o shall_v find_v but_o small_a favour_n to_o redeem_v they_o in_o spain_n and_o other_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n the_o commodity_n conceal_v be_v only_o forfeit_v unless_o they_o be_v prohibit_v and_o unlawful_a good_n in_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n be_v the_o like_a and_o only_o the_o good_n conceal_v be_v forfeit_v and_o may_v be_v have_v again_o upon_o reasonable_a composition_n for_o the_o statute_n law_n give_v authority_n to_o the_o officer_n who_o make_v the_o seizure_n that_o upon_o licence_n sue_v forth_o to_o compound_v he_o may_v do_v it_o safe_o for_o his_o part_n which_o be_v the_o one_o moiety_n and_o for_o the_o other_o moiety_n which_o be_v the_o king_n merchant_n be_v gracious_o deal_v wichall_a by_o the_o judge_n or_o baron_n of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n deal_n abuse_v of_o favourable_a deal_n or_o other_o thereunto_o authorise_v insomuch_o that_o it_o have_v happen_v that_o some_o merchant_n rely_v upon_o this_o favourable_a deal_n have_v adventure_v to_o expose_v their_o commodity_n unto_o the_o forfeiture_n thereof_o be_v commodity_n which_o pay_v much_o custom_n and_o imposition_n as_o cambric_n lawn_n tobacco_n cutcheneale_n venice_n gold_n thread_n and_o other_o thing_n because_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n assure_v to_o make_v composition_n under_o the_o sum_n which_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v for_o custom_n and_o imposition_n in_o france_n and_o germany_n be_v the_o like_a for_o conceal_a commodity_n which_o be_v not_o declare_v in_o the_o customhouse_n and_o jewel_n and_o precious_a stone_n and_o pearl_n be_v free_v of_o custom_n and_o so_o be_v it_o in_o england_n until_o of_o late_a year_n since_o the_o custom_n be_v take_v to_o farm_n and_o yet_o they_o pay_v but_o three_o pro_fw-la cent_n of_o the_o value_n of_o their_o appraisement_n etc._n strict_a order_n for_o custom_n at_o london_n etc._n etc._n to_o be_v rate_v by_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o customhouse_n at_o london_n but_o if_o any_o merchant_n or_o jeweller_n bring_v over_o any_o jewel_n or_o precious_a stone_n and_o pearl_n he_o be_v to_o declare_v they_o to_o the_o officer_n or_o waiter_n of_o the_o place_n where_o he_o land_v otherwise_o they_o will_v be_v seize_v by_o water_n or_o land_n as_o forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n wherein_o more_o strict_a deal_n have_v be_v use_v of_o late_a since_o the_o king_n have_v let_v to_o farm_v his_o moiety_n of_o the_o seizure_n so_o that_o first_o of_o all_o the_o custom_n of_o conceal_a good_n must_v be_v pay_v before_o any_o composition_n be_v make_v next_o the_o composition_n be_v make_v then_o may_v the_o informer_n be_v agree_v withal_o and_o no_o commodity_n can_v be_v deliver_v upon_o security_n to_o the_o owner_n as_o former_o by_o the_o law_n be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v but_o they_o must_v remain_v in_o some_o sufficient_a custody_n until_o the_o matter_n be_v try_v by_o law_n or_o compound_v by_o agreement_n but_o prohibit_v commodity_n as_o allome_n and_o other_o thing_n by_o letter_n patent_n and_o proclamation_n the_o possession_n may_v be_v have_v upon_o security_n to_o be_v give_v to_o answer_v the_o value_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o appraisement_n make_v of_o they_o and_o these_o commodity_n if_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n do_v not_o declare_v they_o upon_o his_o entry_n make_v in_o the_o customhouse_n upon_o his_o oath_n be_v also_o subject_a to_o the_o forfeiture_n although_o they_o come_v consign_v unto_o a_o merchant_n or_o factor_n unaware_o by_o another_o merchant_n that_o know_v not_o that_o such_o commodity_n be_v prohibit_v to_o be_v import_v the_o like_a be_v it_o for_o a_o merchant_n ship_v out_o unlawful_a ware_n but_o herein_o he_o may_v have_v intelligence_n by_o the_o customer_n before_o he_o do_v lay_v they_o upon_o the_o water_n to_o be_v ship_v again_o if_o a_o merchant_n carry_v money_n by_o water_n down_o to_o gravesend_n with_o a_o intention_n to_o bestow_v the_o same_o in_o bay_n at_o sandwich_n or_o in_o other_o commodity_n at_o canturburie_n he_o be_v first_o to_o declare_v the_o same_o in_o the_o searcher_n office_n or_o else_o the_o money_n be_v lose_v and_o three_o time_n the_o value_n upon_o information_n for_o no_o money_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n or_o any_o foreign_a coin_n or_o plate_n bring_v into_o the_o kingdom_n can_v be_v transport_v only_o for_o passenger_n expense_n some_o four_o or_o five_o pound_n may_v be_v carry_v out_o but_o for_o commodity_n bring_v in_o which_o have_v pay_v custom_n the_o same_o may_v be_v ship_v out_o again_o by_o cocket_a without_o pay_v any_o more_o custom_n and_o imposition_n so_o it_o be_v do_v upon_o good_a certificate_n that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o commodity_n and_o that_o the_o property_n thereof_o be_v not_o alter_v and_o this_o must_v be_v do_v within_o six_o month_n after_o their_o importation_n all_o merchant_n ship_n be_v lade_v tilburie-hope_a permit_v to_o break_v bulk_n at_o tilburie-hope_a have_v always_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n be_v permit_v to_o break_v bulk_n below_o or_o at_o tilburie-hope_a and_o to_o pay_v no_o custom_n but_o for_o the_o good_n they_o bring_v up_o or_o land_v in_o england_n and_o not_o for_o the_o good_n which_o they_o do_v transport_v in_o the_o say_a ship_n or_o in_o any_o other_o vessel_n or_o ship_n which_o privilege_n and_o certainty_n of_o merchant_n custom_n ought_v to_o be_v serious_o observe_v better_o than_o it_o have_v be_v of_o late_a and_o of_o this_o and_o other_o observation_n merchant_n and_o factor_n be_v to_o give_v notice_n to_o their_o friend_n and_o master_n to_o the_o end_n they_o do_v not_o incur_v any_o danger_n sight_n to_o enter_v good_n upon_o sight_n which_o to_o avoid_v in_o some_o sort_n be_v effect_v by_o enter_v the_o good_n upon_o sight_n of_o the_o customer_n view_v by_o open_v of_o they_o in_o barbary_n and_o other_o place_n where_o the_o custom_n be_v pay_v in_o kind_n or_o species_n if_o any_o part_n be_v conceal_v and_o not_o enter_v that_o only_o will_v be_v forfeit_v and_o yet_o the_o loss_n be_v great_a because_o they_o will_v make_v choice_n of_o the_o best_a as_o for_o example_n suppose_v a_o merchant_n do_v enter_v diverse_a sort_n of_o linnen-cloth_n and_o conceal_v some_o piece_n the_o officer_n will_v take_v both_o the_o ten_o piece_n for_o the_o custom_n and_o all_o the_o conceal_a piece_n of_o the_o best_a and_o fine_a sort_n to_o your_o exceed_a great_a loss_n in_o the_o low-countries_n and_o germany_n as_o also_o in_o most_o place_n of_o italy_n and_o turkey_n you_o shall_v only_o forfeit_v the_o good_n conceal_v and_o be_v permit_v to_o compound_v for_o they_o as_o you_o can_v agree_v wherein_o the_o circumstance_n in_o some_o place_n will_v be_v consider_v and_o the_o manner_n how_o the_o error_n grow_v or_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v with_o a_o set_a purpose_n there_o be_v also_o in_o diverse_a place_n allowance_n make_v as_o in_o england_n upon_o wine_n in_o regard_n of_o lecage_n of_o ten_o or_o fifteen_o upon_o the_o hundred_o or_o else_o all_o the_o butt_n and_o pipe_n be_v to_o be_v fill_v up_o imposition_n allowance_n make_v upon_o custom_n and_o imposition_n and_o so_o to_o pay_v according_o wherein_o the_o time_n of_o the_o voyage_n foul_a weather_n and_o other_o accident_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v to_o make_v your_o composition_n thereafter_o upon_o clothes_n to_o be_v ship_v out_o clothes_n allowance_n upon_o clothes_n there_o be_v allowance_n make_v of_o the_o ten_o cloth_n for_o a_o wrapper_n which_o pay_v no_o custom_n and_o so_o of_o all_o other_o woollen_a commodity_n which_o pay_v after_o the_o rate_n as_o three_o northeren_n kersey_n for_o a_o cloth_n four_o devonshire_n kersey_n two_o single_a dozen_o one_o double_a dozen_o six_o cardinal_n pin-whites_a statute_n stockbridges_n strait_n and_o tavistocke_n four_o cornish_n dozen_o pennystone_n unfrieze_v island_n dozen_o and_o northeren_n plain_n for_o one_o cloth_n two_o bridgewaters_n cornish_n and_o devonshire_n double_a dozen_o florentines_n northern_a dozen_o single_a and_o pennystone_n for_o a_o cloth_n to_o be_v understand_v for_o a_o short_a cloth_n colour_v or_o white_a of_o twenty_o and_o four_o yard_n long_o weigh_v 60_o will_v until_o 64_o will_v whereof_o english_a custom_n be_v a_o noble_a and_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n
have_v be_v content_v since_o our_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n to_o tolerate_v a_o indifferent_a and_o promiscuous_a kind_n of_o liberty_n to_o all_o our_o friend_n whatsoever_o to_o fish_n upon_o our_o stream_n and_o upon_o any_o of_o our_o coast_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o other_o adjacent_a island_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o permission_n or_o use_n thereof_o may_v not_o redound_v to_o the_o impeachment_n of_o our_o prerogative_n royal_a nor_o to_o the_o hurt_n and_o damage_n of_o our_o love_a subject_n who_o preservation_n and_o flourish_a estate_n we_o hold_v ourselves_o principal_o bind_v to_o advance_v before_o all_o worldly_a respect_n so_o find_v that_o our_o conivence_n therein_o have_v not_o only_o give_v occasion_n of_o over_o great_a encroachment_n upon_o our_o regality_n or_o rather_o question_v of_o our_o right_n but_o have_v be_v a_o mean_n of_o much_o daily_a wrong_n to_o our_o own_o people_n that_o exercise_n the_o trade_n of_o fish_v as_o either_o by_o the_o multitude_n of_o stranger_n which_o do_v preoccupy_v those_o place_n or_o by_o the_o injury_n which_o they_o receive_v most_o common_o at_o their_o hand_n our_o subject_n be_v constrain_v to_o abandon_v their_o fish_n or_o at_o the_o least_o become_v so_o discourage_v in_o the_o same_o as_o they_o hold_v it_o better_o for_o they_o to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o some_o other_o course_n of_o live_v whereby_o not_o only_o diverse_a of_o our_o coast_n town_n be_v much_o decay_v but_o the_o number_n of_o mariner_n daily_o diminish_v which_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n to_o our_o estate_n consider_v how_o much_o the_o strength_n thereof_o consist_v in_o the_o power_n of_o ship_n and_o the_o use_n of_o navigation_n we_o have_v think_v it_o now_o both_o just_a and_o necessary_a in_o respect_n that_o we_o be_v now_o by_o god_n favour_n lineal_o and_o lawful_o possess_v as_o well_o of_o the_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n as_o of_o ireland_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a to_o bethink_v ourselves_o of_o good_a and_o lawful_a mean_n to_o prevent_v those_o inconvenience_n and_o many_o other_o depend_v upon_o the_o same_o in_o the_o consideration_n whereof_o as_o we_o be_v desirous_a that_o the_o world_n may_v take_v notice_n that_o we_o have_v no_o intention_n to_o deny_v our_o neighbour_n and_o ally_n those_o fruit_n and_o benefit_n of_o peace_n and_o friendship_n which_o may_v be_v just_o expect_v at_o our_o hand_n in_o honour_n and_o reason_n or_o be_v afford_v by_o other_o prince_n mutual_o in_o the_o point_n of_o commerce_n and_o exchange_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o may_v not_o prove_v prejudicial_a to_o they_o so_o because_o some_o such_o convenient_a order_n may_v be_v take_v in_o this_o matter_n as_o may_v sufficient_o provide_v for_o all_o these_o important_a consideration_n which_o do_v depend_v thereupon_o we_o have_v resolve_v first_o to_o give_v notice_n to_o all_o the_o world_n that_o our_o express_a pleasure_n be_v that_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o month_n of_o august_n next_o come_v no_o person_n of_o what_o nation_n or_o quality_n soever_o be_v not_o our_o natural_a bear_v subject_n be_v permit_v to_o fish_v upon_o any_o of_o our_o coast_n and_o sea_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a where_o most_o usual_o heretofore_o any_o fish_n have_v be_v until_o they_o have_v orderly_o demand_v and_o obtain_v licence_n from_o we_o or_o such_o our_o commissioner_n as_o we_o have_v authorise_v in_o that_o behalf_n viz._n at_o london_n for_o our_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n and_o at_o edinburgh_n for_o our_o realm_n of_o scotland_n which_o licence_n our_o intention_n be_v shall_v be_v yearly_a demand_v for_o so_o many_o vessel_n and_o ship_n and_o the_o tonnage_n thereof_o as_o shall_v intend_v to_o fish_v for_o that_o whole_a year_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o upon_o any_o of_o our_o coast_n and_o sea_n as_o aforesaid_a upon_o pain_n of_o such_o chastisement_n as_o shall_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v inflict_v upon_o such_o wilful_a offender_n give_v at_o our_o palace_n of_o westminster_n the_o six_o of_o may_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1609._o by_o this_o proclamation_n be_v his_o majesty_n right_a and_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n express_v in_o two_o word_n by_o lineal_a and_o lawful_a possession_n of_o a_o hereditary_a kingdom_n or_o kingdom_n whereunto_o those_o sea_n be_v join_v and_o appertain_v it_o be_v not_o a_o dominion_n obtain_v by_o a_o elective_a kingdom_n as_o poland_n hungary_n and_o other_o neither_o be_v it_o have_v by_o any_o first_o discovery_n wherein_o the_o pope_n must_v be_v a_o mediator_n as_o alexander_n the_o six_o be_v between_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n and_o portugal_n upon_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n by_o draw_v a_o line_n upon_o the_o globe_n from_o the_o island_n of_o the_o canary_n to_o make_v the_o division_n between_o they_o neither_o be_v it_o like_v to_o the_o whale_n fish_v in_o greeneland_n where_o some_o upon_o their_o discovery_n take_v neither_o possession_n much_o less_o have_v any_o occupation_n which_o make_v the_o strong_a right_o neither_o be_v it_o by_o gift_n or_o purchase_n as_o some_o italian_a prince_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n which_o do_v nevertheless_o enjoy_v both_o freedom_n and_o benefit_n thereby_o but_o it_o be_v undoubted_a and_o indisputable_a as_o aforesaid_a to_o conclude_v this_o argument_n sea_n the_o best_a mark_n of_o distinct_a dominion_n upon_o the_o sea_n the_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o a_o border_a prince_n upon_o the_o sea_n be_v best_a see_v by_o the_o tribute_n or_o tax_n which_o he_o take_v upon_o fish_v ship_n whereof_o we_o have_v many_o precedent_n in_o russia_n many_o league_n from_o the_o main_n fisherman_n do_v pay_v great_a tax_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n and_o in_o most_o place_n none_o but_o his_o subject_n be_v permit_v to_o fish_n and_o the_o hollander_n do_v give_v he_o the_o ten_o fish_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n take_v great_a tribute_n both_o at_o wardhouse_n and_o the_o sound_n the_o king_n of_o sweathen_a have_v do_v the_o like_a which_o be_v now_o continue_v by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o norway_n the_o duke_n of_o medina_n sidonia_n take_v for_o tunyne_n king_n edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n take_v six_o penny_n for_o every_o tun_n in_o his_o time_n which_o by_o inhaunce_v of_o the_o money_n be_v now_o 18_o penny_n all_o the_o border_a prince_n of_o italy_n do_v take_v tribute_n of_o the_o fish_n take_v within_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n for_o their_o several_a territory_n in_o lappia_n fisherman_n do_v pay_v money_n in_o the_o sound_n for_o passage_n to_o fetch_v it_o over_o and_o above_o the_o ten_o fish_n the_o earl_n of_o orkney_n take_v the_o ten_o fish_n for_o the_o isle_n of_o orcades_n under_o his_o jurisdiction_n as_o the_o fisherman_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o england_n for_o pilchard_n hake_n and_o conger_n the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a low_a country_n do_v take_v a_o imposition_n upon_o fish_n take_v within_o the_o sea_n and_o stream_n of_o other_o prince_n as_o also_o near_o their_o coast_n and_o their_o subject_n traffic_v with_o the_o russian_n as_o haunce_n noblett_n haunce_n van_n stracle_n robert_n englegrave_n and_o other_o do_v continual_o pay_v the_o ten_o fish_n unto_o the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n all_o which_o be_v requisite_a for_o merchant_n to_o know_v to_o prevent_v trouble_n or_o loss_n for_o the_o pretence_n of_o ignorance_n do_v not_o excuse_n as_o our_o merchant_n of_o kingston_n upon_o hull_n have_v find_v to_o their_o exceed_a loss_n heretofore_o chap._n xxxvi_o of_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n pay_v upon_o commodity_n whereas_o custom_n subsidy_n imposition_n toll_n nation_n custom_n upon_o commodity_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n accize_n impost_n and_o other_o duty_n by_o the_o exemplary_a action_n of_o prince_n and_o commonweal_n be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o a_o matter_n inherent_a to_o their_o prerogative_n because_o they_o be_v absolute_a commander_n in_o their_o harbour_n haven_n and_o port_n where_o commodity_n be_v export_v and_o import_v every_o merchant_n be_v bind_v to_o take_v notice_n thereof_o and_o to_o observe_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n and_o proceed_n use_v therein_o in_o all_o country_n respective_o to_o avoid_v the_o danger_n of_o the_o loss_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o commodity_n and_o to_o make_v a_o true_a calculation_n how_o to_o buy_v and_o sell_v to_o profit_n observe_v how_o much_o upon_o the_o hundred_o pound_n in_o value_n of_o his_o commodity_n rate_v by_o the_o order_n of_o diverse_a country_n the_o same_o amount_v unto_o and_o to_o add_v the_o
public_a servant_n a_o wager_n upon_o a_o son_n or_o a_o daughter_n to_o be_v bear_v be_v good_a in_o law_n and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o hermaphrodite_n of_o both_o sex_n than_o judgement_n be_v give_v according_a as_o the_o natural_a inclination_n shall_v be_v find_v to_o be_v more_o masculine_a or_o feminine_a wager_n ambiguity_n or_o equivocation_n in_o wager_n and_o in_o all_o wager_n wherein_o ambiguity_n or_o equivocation_n do_v happen_v there_o must_v be_v a_o natural_a moderation_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o they_o for_o a_o evil_a custom_n lose_v her_o name_n and_o become_v usurpation_n as_o be_v before_o declare_v if_o any_o man_n by_o the_o inducement_n or_o fraud_n of_o a_o three_o person_n lie_v a_o wager_n that_o such_o a_o woman_n shall_v be_v deliver_v of_o a_o son_n when_o she_o be_v already_o deliver_v the_o wager_n be_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v and_o if_o the_o midwife_n be_v partaker_n herein_o they_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v and_o incur_fw-la crimen_fw-la stellionatus_fw-la if_o one_o lay_v a_o wager_n to_o run_v with_o another_o and_o afterward_o do_v refuse_v to_o run_v he_o may_v be_v compel_v thereunto_o or_o the_o stake_n be_v lose_v for_o he_o commit_v no_o deceit_n which_o prevent_v a_o fraud_n the_o captation_n or_o advantage_n take_v upon_o word_n ought_v therefore_o to_o be_v exclude_v and_o wager_n be_v to_o be_v make_v in_o plain_a term_n and_o to_o be_v construe_v according_o fallere_fw-la fallentem_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la fraus_fw-la wager_n between_o merchant_n be_v many_o time_n more_o do_v for_o sport_n and_o recreation_n than_o for_o gain_v for_o over_o great_a wager_n be_v against_o good_a manner_n and_o may_v concern_v a_o merchant_n much_o in_o reputation_n and_o credit_n more_o than_o the_o play_n for_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n which_o many_o time_n merchant_n do_v use_v with_o the_o observation_n of_o a_o convenient_a time_n and_o as_o the_o proverb_n be_v with_o good_a fortune_n otherwise_o the_o end_n of_o it_o be_v dangerous_a for_o as_o nature_n produce_v all_o thing_n in_o due_a time_n so_o be_v moderation_n require_v in_o all_o action_n chap._n xxxviii_o of_o merchant_n mark_v set_v upon_o commodity_n the_o mark_v of_o merchant_n commodity_n either_o pack_v up_o in_o bundle_n truss_n case_n coffer_n or_o pack_n be_v of_o great_a importance_n for_o not_o only_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n but_o also_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o property_n of_o the_o good_n and_o merchandise_n be_v adjudge_v to_o he_o by_o who_o mark_n they_o be_v mark_v or_o seal_v it_o be_v dangerous_a therefore_o to_o use_v another_o man_n mark_n as_o many_o time_n merchant_n do_v in_o time_n of_o war_n when_o they_o lend_v their_o name_n and_o mark_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o good_n between_o two_o or_o more_o contend_v prince_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n every_o merchant_n be_v to_o set_v down_o his_o mark_n upon_o his_o book_n of_o account_n wherewith_o his_o commodity_n be_v mark_v account_n merchant_n mark_n to_o be_v set_v upon_o their_o book_n of_o account_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n if_o a_o company_n or_o society_n of_o merchant_n do_v agree_v upon_o a_o mark_n the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v set_v upon_o the_o book_n of_o that_o society_n and_o if_o that_o company_n do_v dissolve_v the_o say_a mark_n may_v remain_v with_o the_o most_o ancient_a of_o that_o partnership_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n whereof_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o admiralty_n take_v notice_n in_o their_o judicature_n and_o especial_o the_o merchant_n court_n of_o consulate_a and_o if_o the_o mark_n of_o one_o of_o the_o partenership_n be_v use_v for_o all_o the_o same_o upon_o dissolution_n of_o that_o partenership_n be_v to_o return_v to_o the_o say_a party_n and_o no_o man_n be_v to_o use_v another_o merchant_n mark_n without_o especial_a leave_n have_v and_o obtain_v of_o the_o party_n who_o mark_n it_o be_v for_o even_o as_o merchant_n do_v sail_v between_o the_o two_o dangerous_a rock_n of_o scylla_n and_o charybdis_n in_o their_o course_n of_o traffic_n when_o prince_n be_v at_o variance_n so_o be_v the_o danger_n to_o use_v another_o merchant_n mark_n without_o leave_n because_o the_o party_n owner_n of_o the_o say_a mark_n be_v to_o defend_v the_o say_v good_n if_o they_o be_v take_v or_o to_o countenance_v the_o pursuer_n of_o the_o suit_n in_o law_n for_o they_o etc._n danger_n to_o use_v another_o man_n mark_n etc._n etc._n as_o far_o as_o they_o in_o reason_n may_v require_v otherwise_o the_o say_a good_n may_v be_v lose_v as_o soon_o as_o take_v for_o as_o ship_n be_v know_v by_o their_o flag_n and_o so_o take_v to_o be_v at_o the_o sea_n so_o be_v merchant_n good_n mark_v with_o another_o man_n mark_n to_o be_v that_o man_n good_n although_o it_o be_v not_o and_o will_v be_v so_o adjudge_v in_o the_o court_n of_o any_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n experience_n have_v prove_v the_o same_o by_o two_o notable_a example_n worthy_a the_o observation_n in_o the_o year_n 1586_o or_o thereabouts_o robert_n lord_n dudley_n earl_n of_o leicester_n be_v a_o adventurer_n for_o barbary_n where_o he_o send_v some_o commodity_n by_o way_n of_o commerce_n unto_o a_o certain_a factor_n that_o do_v deal_v for_o diverse_a other_o merchant_n there_o to_o be_v sell_v for_o his_o account_n and_o to_o make_v return_n unto_o he_o of_o the_o provenue_n thereof_o in_o sugar_n and_o other_o commodity_n the_o factor_n have_v sell_v some_o of_o the_o say_a good_n consider_v the_o number_n of_o man_n of_o war_n which_o be_v then_o at_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n think_v good_a that_o all_o the_o chest_n of_o sugar_n and_o other_o commodity_n which_o he_o send_v home_o to_o all_o his_o master_n in_o a_o certain_a ship_n staff_n the_o bear_n and_o ragged_a staff_n shall_v be_v mark_v with_o the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n mark_n albeit_o the_o least_o part_n do_v appertain_v unto_o he_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o his_o good_n be_v yet_o unsold_a in_o barbary_n the_o ship_n arrive_v within_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n no_o soon_o be_v the_o letter_n deliver_v but_o the_o earl_n lay_v claim_v to_o all_o the_o say_v good_n pretend_v the_o same_o to_o be_v his_o because_o of_o his_o mark_n hereupon_o the_o civilians_n be_v of_o his_o side_n for_o the_o point_n of_o law_n and_o the_o merchant_n be_v compel_v to_o make_v their_o best_a composition_n with_o he_o as_o they_o can_v agree_v and_o the_o earl_n lose_v nothing_o thereby_o howsoever_o they_o speed_v in_o the_o year_n 1597_o one_o john_n the_o bassadonna_n the_o son_n of_o one_o of_o the_o magnifico_n of_o venice_n then_o resident_a in_o london_n have_v a_o certain_a ship_n which_o be_v freight_v for_o lixborne_n and_o so_o to_o go_v for_o venice_n according_a as_o the_o master_n thereof_o be_v bind_v by_o a_o charterpartie_n of_o fraightment_n and_o in_o both_o place_n to_o take_v in_o all_o such_o commodity_n and_o merchandise_n as_o the_o merchant_n shall_v lade_v or_o cause_v the_o say_a ship_n to_o be_v lade_v withal_o and_o to_o be_v discharge_v at_o venice_n with_o the_o usual_a condition_n of_o sea-lawe_n flag_n the_o venetian_a flag_n this_o ship_n bear_v the_o venetian_a flag_n of_o the_o lion_n of_o s._n mark_v be_v well_o receive_v and_o welcome_a at_o lixborn_n and_o every_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o lade_v therein_o his_o good_n for_o venice_n nevertheless_o some_o portugall_n consider_v the_o dangerous_a time_n of_o war_n do_v borrow_v the_o name_n of_o italian_n and_o their_o mark_n also_o and_o cause_v their_o good_n to_o be_v lade_v as_o appertain_v to_o the_o say_a italian_n and_o make_v the_o bill_n of_o lade_n and_o their_o letter_n according_o other_o portugal_n be_v not_o so_o provident_a but_o do_v lade_v their_o good_n in_o their_o own_o name_n whereupon_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v sure_a of_o the_o one_o and_o suspicious_a of_o the_o other_o resolve_v to_o come_v with_o all_o the_o say_v good_n first_o for_o england_n to_o take_v advice_n whether_o this_o be_v a_o lawful_a prize_n or_o not_o and_o be_v arrive_v at_o plymouth_n send_v up_o to_o know_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o council_n their_o pleasure_n so_o the_o matter_n come_v in_o question_n with_o the_o say_a bassadonna_n and_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n and_o diverse_a civilians_n where_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o flag_n be_v much_o respect_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o seignory_n of_o venice_n as_o matter_n of_o state_n and_o the_o principal_a good_n lade_v and_o mark_v in_o the_o name_n of_o italian_n be_v adjudge_v clear_a by_o the_o law_n but_o the_o other_o good_n lade_v and_o mark_v with_o their_o own_o mark_n be_v take_v for_o good_a prize_n so_o
kintall_n centeners_n talent_n thousand_o weigh_v skippond_n charge_n lispound_n roove_v stone_n and_o such_o like_a the_o second_o fort_n of_o weight_n be_v by_o pound_n mina_n manes_n rotulus_n etc._n etc._n the_o three_o division_n of_o weight_n do_v consist_v in_o the_o small_a division_n of_o 12_o 14_o 16_o 18_o 20_o and_o 30_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n and_o the_o subdivision_n thereof_o the_o talon_n of_o the_o grecian_n 60_o minas_n talentum_fw-la talentum_fw-la every_o mana_n 100_o dragmes_fw-la so_o a_o talon_n be_v six_o thousand_o dragmes_fw-la 8_o of_o they_o to_o one_o ounce_n be_v 750_o ounce_n another_o talon_n of_o greece_n be_v 16_o sestertio_n be_v 40_o minas_n or_o pound_n of_o 18_o ounce_n as_o also_o of_o 20_o ounce_n in_o egypt_n it_o be_v 32_o sestertio_n or_o 80_o pound_n the_o 50_o sestertio_n of_o cleopatra_n be_v 125_o will_v in_o thratia_n 48_o sestertio_n be_v 120_o pound_n in_o africa_n 24_o sestertio_n be_v 60_o will_v differ_v also_o in_o the_o pound_n weight_n kyntall_n cantar_n or_o kyntall_n cantar_n or_o kyntall_n or_o centener_n call_v hundreth_n of_o 100_o 112_o 120_o 125_o 128_o and_o 132_o pound_n the_o hebrew_n do_v call_v cicar_n to_o be_v 50_o minas_n or_o maneg_n weigh_v weigh_v weigh_v be_v common_o 165_o will_v or_o 180_o will_v or_o 200_o 1_o â—_o for_o acharge_v skippound_v skippound_v skippound_v of_o 300_o 320_o 340_o and_o 400_o pound_n the_o skippound_n lyspound_v lyspound_v lyspound_v of_o 15_o and_o 16_o pound_n to_o the_o lyspound_n roove_v roove_v roove_v or_o arroba_n of_o 10_o 20_o 25_o 30_o and_o 40_o pound_n to_o the_o roove_v stone_n stone_n stone_n of_o 6_o 8_o 10_o 14_o 16_o 20_o 21_o 24_o and_o 32_o will_v and_o also_o 40_o will_v as_o more_o particular_o appear_v hereafter_o in_o their_o proper_a place_n mixias_n mixias_n mixias_n be_v also_o use_v whereof_o we_o find_v mention_v make_v in_o some_o book_n be_v ten_o thousand_o and_o be_v common_o understand_v for_o 10000_o dragmes_fw-la of_o 8_o to_o a_o ounce_n and_o 12_o ounce_n to_o the_o pound_n bess_n mark_v bess_n the_o pound_n be_v also_o divide_v by_o mark_n of_o 8_o ounce_n and_o bess_n of_o 12_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n be_v among_o the_o hebrew_n 2_o sicle_n or_o stater_n gerag_v sicle_n stâ—ter_n gerag_v siclus_n be_v sometime_o take_v for_o a_o ounce_n also_o half_a a_o ounce_n and_o quarter_n of_o a_o ounce_n which_o be_v gerag_v or_o obolus_fw-la mina_n ptolomaica_fw-la be_v 1_v ½_n rotulus_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o small_a part_n viz._n 18_o ounce_n of_o 12_o to_o one_o rotulus_n 144_o dragmes_fw-la of_o 8_o to_o one_o ounce_n 432_o scruple_n of_o 3_o to_o a_o dragme_n 846_o obulus_fw-la 1296_o lupe_n 2592_o siliquas_fw-la or_o carrat_n maaâ—g_n inna_fw-la or_o maaâ—g_n mina_n of_o the_o grecian_n otherwise_o call_v inna_fw-la or_o maneg_n be_v a_o pound_n 12_o ½_n ounce_n 25_o stater_n or_o ciclos_n 100_o dragmes_fw-la or_o rosoli_n 300_o scruple_n 24_o to_o a_o ounce_n 600_o obolus_fw-la 900_o lupin_n 1800_o siliquas_fw-la 3600_o areola_n or_o chalcos_fw-la rotulus_n in_o arabia_n syria_n asia_n minor_n egypt_n and_o venice_n be_v 1_o will_v 12_o ounce_n or_o sachosi_fw-la 24_o septarios_fw-la or_o cicle_n 84_o denier_n of_o 7_o to_o a_o ounce_n 96_o dragmes_fw-la or_o darchiny_a 288_o scruple_n or_o grana_n 576_o obolus_fw-la or_o orlossat_n 864_o danig_n 1728_o carrat_n or_o siliqua_fw-la 6912_o kestuff_n the_o 7_o denier_n make_v a_o ounce_n and_o there_o be_v dragmes_fw-la also_o of_o 1_o ½_n dragme_n and_o of_o 1_o ½_n dragme_n and_o of_o one_o dragme_n call_v alby_n in_o the_o low-countries_n the_o pound_n be_v divide_v diverse_o in_o 16_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n in_o 8_o dragmes_fw-la or_o fifth_n and_o 8_o part_n and_o in_o france_n they_o call_v they_o 8_o gross_v the_o 128_o make_v one_o pound_n in_o other_o place_n they_o divide_v the_o pound_n in_o 12_o 14_o and_o 15_o ounce_n ounce_n difference_n of_o pound_n and_o ounce_n whereof_o the_o pound_n and_o ounce_n both_o do_v differ_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o hereafter_o every_o country_n have_v a_o declaration_n thereof_o at_o bridge_n in_o flaunders_n they_o use_v pound_n of_o 14_o ounce_n bridges_n the_o pound_n weight_n of_o bridges_n and_o of_o 16_o ounce_n whereof_o the_o 100_o will_v of_o 16_o ounce_n make_v 108_o will_v of_o 14_o ounce_n which_o ounce_n of_o 14_o to_o the_o pound_n be_v heavy_a for_o 100_o ounce_n of_o these_o be_v 105_o â…“_n ounce_n of_o the_o 16_o to_o the_o pound_n which_o ounce_n be_v divide_v in_o half_a ounce_n or_o loot_z and_o every_o loot_z in_o 2_o sizayn_n and_o every_o sizayne_n in_o 2_o dragmes_fw-la or_o quintes_n the_o small_a proportion_n and_o subdivision_n of_o other_o place_n be_v as_o follow_v italian_n pound_n for_o physic_n use_v in_o other_o place_n also_o 12_o ounce_n 24_o loot_z 48_o sizayne_n or_o siliqua_fw-la 96_o dragmes_fw-la 288_o scruple_n 576_o obolus_fw-la 1728_o siliqua_fw-la 5760_o grain_n the_o say_a weight_n of_o physic_n be_v at_o lion_n in_o france_n as_o the_o merchant_n will_v 12_o ounce_n 96_o dragmes_fw-la 288_o scruple_n 5760_o grain_n the_o pound_n weight_n of_o venice_n 12_o ounce_n 72_o sextulas_fw-la 1728_o siliqua_fw-la 6912_o grain_n the_o pound_n at_o paris_n in_o france_n 16_o ounce_n 128_o gross_v 384_o scruple_n 9216_o grain_n in_o italy_n the_o pound_n be_v also_o divide_v 12_o ounce_n 24_o stater_n 96_o dragmes_fw-la vienna_n in_o austria_n the_o pound_n iâ—_n 32_o loott_n 128_o quinte_n 512_o pennings_n 12800_o grain_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o fall_v out_o most_o common_o that_o upon_o trial_n of_o a_o unknown_a weight_n we_o do_v begin_v from_o the_o small_a weight_n or_o graine_n and_o so_o ascend_v to_o the_o other_o proportion_n and_o to_o the_o pound_n by_o compare_v the_o same_o to_o our_o grain_n and_o division_n of_o the_o pound_n grain_n difference_n of_o grain_n which_o in_o matter_n of_o mint_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v of_o great_a moment_n when_o the_o penny_n weight_n be_v divide_v into_o 24_o grain_n in_o england_n and_o in_o the_o low-countries_n into_o 32_o grain_n let_v we_o note_v the_o great_a diversity_n abovesaid_a of_o 5760_o grain_n to_o 12800_o use_v at_o vienna_n and_o other_o place_n proportionable_o to_o their_o pound_n and_o consider_v how_o easy_o we_o may_v be_v overtake_v therein_o whereof_o a_o more_o ample_a declaration_n be_v in_o the_o mint_n affair_n there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a observation_n to_o be_v have_v in_o the_o correspondency_n of_o weight_n of_o one_o country_n to_o the_o weight_n of_o another_o country_n upon_o the_o hundred_o subtle_a that_o be_v to_o say_v 100_o pound_n even_o weight_n and_o because_o in_o england_n all_o ware_n of_o volume_n or_o bulck_n be_v sell_v some_o by_o the_o hundred_o weight_n of_o 112_o will_v and_o some_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o pound_n as_o spice_n sugar_n and_o such_o like_a &_o yet_o be_v weigh_v by_o the_o say_a weight_n of_o 112_o will_v and_o that_o moreover_o there_o be_v a_o 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brace_n for_o a_o mile_n of_o 6_o road_n be_v 1300_o road_n holland_n 2000_o road_n be_v 5_o holland_n mile_n for_o 4_o flaunders_n mile_n in_o egypt_n their_o cubitus_fw-la geometricus_fw-la be_v 6_o of_o our_o cubit_n they_o reckon_v by_o scena_n which_o be_v a_o spanish_a mile_n persia_n parasangia_n of_o 30_o stadia_fw-la or_o funiculi_fw-la they_o measure_v with_o 24_o finger_n the_o cubit_n and_o cubicus_fw-la regius_n be_v 27_o finger_n the_o roman_n do_v use_v the_o finger_n palm_n and_o the_o foot_n make_v four_o palm_n in_o the_o measure_n of_o land_n and_o way_n diverse_a measure_n be_v by_o the_o say_a roman_n divide_v into_o 12_o ounce_n and_o the_o ounce_n in_o 24_o scruple_n and_o so_o they_o call_v a_o foot_n a_o pound_n and_o 2_o foot_n dupondium_fw-la the_o emperor_n table_n be_v four_o foot_n square_v every_o way_n yet_o in_o use_n in_o germany_n and_o the_o east-country_n but_o in_o england_n france_n and_o the_o low-countries_n be_v long_o than_o broad_a be_v to_o 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ground_n make_v the_o main_a difference_n there_o be_v of_o late_a year_n two_o great_a controversy_n at_o the_o council_n table_n the_o one_o concern_v the_o die_a of_o black-silke_n silk_n die_v of_o black_a silk_n call_v london_n die_v the_o other_o concern_v the_o use_n of_o log-wood_n be_v a_o false_a glorious_a colour_n concern_v the_o london_n die_v of_o silk_n it_o be_v prove_v that_o one_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n be_v by_o sophistication_n of_o additement_n augment_v to_o 32_o ounce_n and_o forty_o ounce_n which_o fraud_n come_v to_o pass_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o gummy_a matter_n or_o substance_n whereof_o the_o silk_n be_v not_o purge_v for_o black_a dye_n as_o it_o be_v in_o colour_n whereby_o it_o make_v such_o a_o increase_n in_o weight_n to_o prevent_v this_o abuse_n a_o corporation_n of_o silkeman_n be_v make_v and_o nevertheless_o forasmuch_o that_o a_o reasonable_a increase_n of_o 8_o ounce_n do_v look_v fair_a and_o can_v be_v better_o use_v there_o remain_v a_o 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of_o fisher_n net_n to_o make_v brown_a paper_n of_o skin_n to_o make_v glue_v of_o beer_n lose_fw-mi to_o make_v aqua_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la and_o the_o like_a and_o here_o we_o may_v not_o omit_v how_o almighty_a god_n by_o his_o divine_a providence_n rule_v many_o time_n this_o negotiate_v commutation_n when_o the_o harvest_n of_o corn_n fail_v in_o one_o country_n and_o be_v prosperous_a in_o another_o country_n whereby_o this_o trade_n of_o barter_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o money_n do_v very_o much_o augment_v and_o the_o price_n of_o corn_n become_v to_o be_v much_o dear_a albeit_o the_o price_n be_v reasonable_a consider_v the_o fermer_n may_v by_o the_o cheapnes_n thereof_o be_v make_v unable_a to_o pay_v his_o rent_n and_o god_n who_o do_v every_o thing_n for_o the_o best_a show_v unto_o we_o how_o one_o nation_n may_v have_v need_n and_o occasion_n to_o use_v the_o help_n and_o mean_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o which_o be_v more_o admirable_a to_o be_v note_v god_n in_o the_o 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six_o shilling_n northern_a carseye_n then_o 18_o ss_z spanish_a soap_n 20_o ss_z now_o 50_o ss_z and_o carseye_n 22_o ss_z seville_a oil_n the_o tun_n 12_o will_v now_o 35_o will_v and_o many_o time_n above_o forty_o pound_n french_a wine_n at_o 5_o will_v the_o tun_n now_o 20_o will_v or_o thereabouts_o long_o prune_n 5_o ss_z now_z 15_o and_o 16_o ss_z sugar_n 6_o penny_n the_o pound_n now_o 14_o and_o 16_o penny_n malmeseyes_n 5_o will_v the_o butt_n now_o 18_o will_v and_o 20_o will_v cotton_n wool_n 4_o d._n now_o 15_o d._n and_o diverse_a other_o commodity_n according_o so_o that_o a_o angel_n will_v have_v buy_v one_o yard_n of_o velvet_n now_o three_o angel_n or_o piece_n of_o gold_n can_v be_v export_v for_o the_o same_o ten_o angel_n will_v have_v buy_v a_o tun_n of_o claret_n wine_n in_o england_n which_o be_v now_o sell_v for_o above_o twenty_o pound_n and_o twenty_o four_o pound_n beside_o that_o our_o cloth_n be_v better_a make_v than_o in_o those_o day_n albeit_o not_o 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consideration_n will_v also_o be_v have_v concern_v the_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n some_o man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o sell_v our_o home_n commodity_n good_a cheap_a make_v a_o lively_a trade_n augment_v commerce_n and_o maintain_v all_o the_o dependence_n thereupon_o by_o set_v the_o people_n on_o work_n employ_v ship_n and_o augment_v the_o king_n custom_n and_o imposition_n but_o they_o never_o consider_v two_o principal_a point_n whereby_o the_o wealth_n of_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n increase_v or_o decrease_v namely_o cheap_a inconvenience_n to_o sell_v commodity_n good_a cheap_a if_o commodity_n import_v unto_o we_o be_v dear_a than_o in_o time_n past_a as_o we_o have_v note_v and_o our_o home_n commodity_n be_v not_o sell_v proportionable_o in_o price_n but_o we_o will_v
principal_a and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o pay_v than_o the_o surety_n be_v to_o pay_v it_o without_o any_o course_n of_o law_n unless_o he_o be_v order_v by_o the_o court_n of_o merchant_n to_o perform_v the_o same_o because_o that_o thereby_o he_o may_v also_o the_o soon_o recover_v the_o same_o of_o the_o principal_a for_o who_o he_o do_v give_v his_o promise_n it_o be_v also_o a_o custom_n among_o merchant_n that_o if_o a_o merchant_n be_v indebt_v unto_o another_o and_o thereupon_o intreat_v another_o merchant_n to_o desire_v the_o creditor_n to_o respite_n he_o some_o time_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o it_o if_o then_o the_o say_a merchant_n the_o debtor_n do_v not_o pay_v according_o at_o the_o time_n he_o shall_v be_v take_v pro_fw-la confesso_fw-la and_o sentence_n shall_v be_v give_v by_o the_o merchant_n court_n for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o only_o upon_o proof_n make_v that_o he_o do_v will_n another_o to_o crave_v the_o say_a respite_n of_o time_n for_o the_o payment_n the_o 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it_o by_o circumstance_n and_o will_v be_v pay_v of_o he_o he_o in_o defence_n do_v allege_v it_o to_o be_v nudum_fw-la pactum_fw-la ex_fw-la quo_fw-la non_fw-la oritur_fw-la actio_fw-la and_o so_o not_o bind_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o as_o have_v have_v no_o consideration_n for_o it_o the_o opinion_n of_o merchant_n be_v demand_v wherein_o there_o be_v great_a diversity_n so_o that_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v to_o determine_v the_o same_o and_o by_o the_o say_a law_n according_a to_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr mandato_fw-la consilij_fw-la he_o be_v adjudge_v to_o pay_v the_o say_v 460_o will_v and_o to_o have_v the_o debtor_n bill_n obligatorie_n make_v over_o unto_o he_o etc._n a_o caveat_n for_o merchant_n etc._n etc._n whereof_o he_o can_v never_o recover_v one_o penny_n although_o he_o do_v pay_v the_o whole_a debt_n and_o damage_n for_o the_o party_n become_v insoluent_a this_o may_v be_v a_o good_a caveat_n for_o merchant_n and_o all_o man_n for_o if_o he_o have_v say_v he_o be_v take_v or_o repute_v to_o be_v a_o good_a man_n of_o credit_n or_o i_o take_v he_o to_o be_v so_o he_o have_v be_v clear_v by_o the_o law_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n promise_n considerable_a promise_n some_o promise_n be_v considerable_a according_a to_o reason_n as_o if_o a_o man_n upon_o a_o penalty_n do_v promise_v another_o not_o to_o molest_v or_o trouble_v he_o if_o the_o other_o give_v he_o cause_n of_o offence_n to_o break_v the_o same_o he_o incur_v not_o the_o penalty_n and_o a_o promise_n make_v to_o do_v a_o thing_n be_v always_o understand_v to_o be_v for_o the_o first_o time_n so_o to_o make_v a_o promise_n that_o a_o pawn_n shall_v not_o be_v alienate_v yet_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o diverse_a that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v hipothecate_v unto_o another_o so_o the_o pawn_n be_v preserve_v again_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o a_o shipwright_n do_v promise_n to_o build_v a_o ship_n for_o a_o merchant_n and_o he_o cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v do_v by_o another_o here_o the_o promise_n be_v break_v by_o the_o law_n albeit_o this_o question_n be_v not_o material_a for_o it_o be_v not_o like_a that_o the_o build_n of_o ship_n can_v be_v do_v without_o contract_n in_o writing_n and_o only_o by_o bare_a promise_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v to_o the_o great_a part_n of_o all_o the_o question_n wherewith_o the_o book_n of_o civilians_n be_v freight_v so_o that_o for_o merchant_n understanding_n the_o ancient_a ordinary_a custom_n observe_v in_o the_o course_n of_o the_o say_v essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n be_v plain_o to_o be_v declare_v and_o distinguish_v from_o litigious_a question_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o revolution_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n even_o as_o the_o whole_a commerce_n and_o traffic_n consist_v of_o our_o land_n commodity_n and_o some_o fish_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o foreign_a nation_n so_o from_o hence_o follow_v a_o efficient_a cause_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o revolution_n in_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n because_o the_o commodity_n of_o one_o country_n grow_v rank_a and_o abundant_a be_v transport_v into_o other_o country_n in_o who_o steed_n needful_a commodity_n of_o those_o kingdom_n and_o country_n and_o return_v thither_o which_o be_v a_o neighbourly_a lend_n between_o kingdom_n and_o country_n for_o as_o be_v note_v god_n cause_v nature_n to_o distribute_v her_o benefit_n or_o his_o blessing_n to_o several_a climate_n of_o diverse_a thing_n find_v in_o some_o place_n that_o be_v not_o in_o other_o place_n to_o make_v a_o interchangeable_a course_n of_o the_o say_a commodity_n by_o way_n of_o merchandize_v this_o revolution_n of_o trade_n sell_v sundry_a mean_n for_o buy_v and_o sell_v may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o several_a mean_n whereby_o the_o say_v buy_v and_o sell_v be_v effect_v 1_o the_o first_o be_v buy_v with_o ready_a money_n money_n for_o ready_a money_n which_o be_v common_o the_o best_a and_o with_o most_o advantage_n for_o commodity_n be_v sell_v better_o cheap_a wherein_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o goodness_n and_o necessary_a use_n be_v requisite_a 2_o there_o be_v also_o a_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n time_n for_o ready_a money_n and_o paiable_a at_o time_n paiable_a at_o some_o limit_v time_n or_o time_n of_o payment_n or_o partly_o ready_a money_n and_o partly_o at_o time_n and_o the_o difference_n of_o price_n herein_o be_v common_o above_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o rate_n of_o money_n at_o interest_n be_v in_o the_o place_n of_o commerce_n where_o the_o say_v commodity_n be_v sell_v or_o buy_v and_o according_a to_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n extant_a unless_o the_o superaboundance_n of_o commodity_n do_v alter_v the_o same_o especial_o if_o the_o commodity_n be_v perishable_a by_o corruption_n time_n and_o accident_n so_o that_o the_o condition_n quality_n or_o goodness_n of_o the_o 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bill_n of_o debt_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n which_o be_v ordinary_o sell_v payable_a at_o some_o day_n of_o payment_n either_o 4_o 6_o or_o more_o month_n and_o have_v agree_v upon_o the_o price_n of_o the_o say_a commodity_n or_o before_o he_o make_v the_o seller_n acquaint_v what_o payment_n or_o satisfaction_n he_o will_v give_v he_o in_o bill_n of_o such_o and_o such_o person_n amount_v to_o such_o a_o sum_n either_o little_a more_o or_o less_o than_o the_o commodity_n do_v amount_v unto_o or_o to_o take_v in_o commodity_n so_o much_o as_o the_o say_a bill_n do_v contain_v or_o do_v amount_v unto_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o remainder_n due_a for_o the_o commodity_n more_o than_o the_o bill_n do_v amount_v the_o same_o to_o be_v pay_v in_o ready_a money_n or_o upon_o his_o own_o bill_n payable_a at_o such_o a_o time_n as_o they_o agree_v between_o they_o which_o often_o come_v to_o be_v a_o great_a sum_n hereupon_o all_o such_o bill_n as_o be_v of_o know_a person_n be_v soon_o accept_v of_o and_o of_o the_o unknown_a person_n either_o himself_o that_o be_v the_o seller_n or_o the_o broker_n will_v inquire_v of_o their_o sufficiency_n and_o then_o likewise_o accept_v of_o their_o bill_n in_o payment_n and_o have_v take_v their_o bill_n which_o be_v make_v payable_a to_o the_o bearer_n as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o receiver_n of_o these_o bill_n go_v unto_o the_o party_n and_o demand_v of_o they_o whether_o they_o be_v content_v to_o pay_v he_o those_o bill_n at_o the_o time_n specify_v therein_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o merchant_n for_o commodity_n which_o if_o it_o be_v within_o one_o month_n after_o it_o be_v account_v to_o be_v very_o good_a payment_n the_o debtor_n make_v answer_v that_o he_o will_v pay_v his_o bill_n to_o the_o bearer_n thereof_o according_o for_o if_o this_o man_n will_v not_o ride_v out_o as_o they_o say_v the_o time_n of_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o bill_n he_o may_v go_v to_o another_o man_n and_o buy_v other_o 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of_o bill_n of_o debt_n in_o payment_n for_o commodity_n sell_v with_o advantage_n but_o then_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v new_a again_o and_o in_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n name_n and_o this_o be_v not_o without_o some_o danger_n to_o he_o that_o buy_v the_o commodity_n or_o merchandise_n for_o another_o man_n bill_n as_o factor_n may_v do_v for_o their_o master_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v by_o good_a experience_n bill_n a_o law_n case_n about_o the_o set_n over_o of_o bill_n that_o a_o factor_n in_o london_n have_v sell_v for_o his_o master_n a_o merchant_n of_o antuerpe_n some_o commodity_n to_o a_o english_a merchant_n to_o the_o value_n of_o seven_o hundred_o pound_n and_o take_v the_o merchant_n bill_n payable_a at_o six_o month_n and_o six_o month_n for_o it_o his_o master_n of_o antuerpe_n do_v appoint_v he_o to_o buy_v bay_n â—or_a these_o bill_n of_o another_o merchant_n which_o he_o do_v perform_v and_o have_v the_o value_n of_o 700_o will_v deliver_v unto_o he_o in_o bay_n according_o and_o the_o bill_n be_v to_o be_v alter_v in_o the_o other_o merchant_n name_n for_o his_o bay_n short_o after_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o english_a merchant_n become_v insoluent_a but_o before_o it_o be_v public_o know_v the_o factor_n bring_v the_o bill_n alter_v according_a to_o the_o agreement_n in_o the_o bay_n merchant_n name_n who_o do_v refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o they_o and_o say_v the_o factor_n shall_v pay_v he_o the_o bill_n be_v tender_v with_o a_o scrivener_n according_a to_o their_o agreement_n but_o still_o be_v refuse_v the_o time_n of_o payment_n be_v expire_v the_o bay_a merchant_n do_v arrest_v the_o say_a factor_n the_o matter_n be_v try_v before_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n by_o a_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la in_o london_n by_o a_o party_n jury_n of_o english_a man_n and_o stranger_n the_o verdict_n be_v find_v for_o the_o bay_a merchant_n and_o the_o factor_n do_v pay_v the_o money_n and_o have_v no_o remedy_n against_o his_o master_n the_o reason_n be_v deliver_v by_o the_o judge_n that_o the_o common_a law_n in_o this_o case_n require_v a_o release_n or_o acquittance_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o bay_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o factor_n otherwise_o he_o be_v still_o bind_v by_o the_o law_n to_o answer_v for_o the_o say_a bay_n england_n to_o establish_v this_o custom_n in_o england_n this_o custom_n may_v with_o great_a facility_n nevertheless_o be_v establish_v in_o england_n and_o will_v be_v very_o beneficial_a to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n ingenerall_n for_o albeit_o that_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n demand_v a_o seal_n and_o delivery_n of_o deed_n and_o that_o the_o bill_n cannon_n convenient_o be_v make_v payable_a to_o the_o bearer_n of_o it_o or_o be_v alter_v in_o another_o man_n name_n as_o abovesaid_a neither_o can_v it_o be_v recover_v by_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n which_o in_o england_n be_v always_o revocable_a before_o the_o fact_n nevertheless_o if_o there_o be_v a_o register_n keep_v of_o the_o pass_a and_o transfer_v of_o these_o bill_n from_o man_n to_o man_n and_o by_o a_o endorsement_n thereof_o also_o upon_o the_o bill_n it_o may_v be_v do_v with_o ease_n and_o the_o bearer_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v acknowledge_v thereby_o to_o be_v the_o lawful_a attorney_n in_o law_n and_o by_o these_o mean_v the_o undecent_a plea_n of_o non_fw-la est_fw-la factum_fw-la will_v be_v cut_v off_o and_o to_o prevent_v fraudulent_a deal_n if_o any_o bill_n shall_v be_v lose_v notice_n may_v be_v give_v instant_o to_o the_o register_n which_o at_o lixborne_n and_o rouen_n be_v call_v a_o prothonotary_n by_o mean_n whereof_o many_o questionable_a parcel_n or_o payment_n be_v make_v apparent_a rouen_n office_n of_o prothonotary_n at_o lixborne_n and_o rouen_n and_o the_o bill_n for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v remain_v in_o the_o office_n at_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o last_o assign_v or_o assign_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n also_o that_o most_o usual_o bill_n be_v make_v for_o all_o thing_n buy_v and_o sell_v between_o party_n and_o party_n whereby_o many_o payment_n be_v make_v by_o rescounter_n payment_n rescounter_v by_o bill_n for_o payment_n as_o if_o it_o be_v in_o bank_n hereafter_o to_o be_v declare_v for_o merchant_n do_v meet_v and_o in_o a_o manner_n jump_o together_o in_o their_o say_a payment_n and_o hereby_o also_o may_v the_o difficulty_n for_o the_o take_n of_o a_o acquittance_n as_o aforesaid_a be_v remove_v by_o enter_v a_o acknowledgement_n of_o satisfaction_n before_o the_o say_a register_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o transfer_v or_o register_n thereof_o i_o have_v take_v pain_n to_o have_v this_o to_o be_v establish_v here_o but_o hitherto_o thing_n be_v not_o right_o understand_v as_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v
a_o sum_n of_o money_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o a_o ship_n in_o consideration_n that_o he_o fraight_v the_o say_a ship_n for_o a_o voyage_n promise_v to_o repay_v the_o say_a money_n at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o say_a voyage_n if_o the_o say_a factor_n have_v freight_v this_o ship_n for_o another_o man_n account_n this_o merchant_n be_v to_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o money_n during_o the_o time_n and_o if_o the_o factor_n conceal_v the_o same_o he_o be_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n thereof_o which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v both_o for_o the_o interest_n and_o adventure_v of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o say_a owner_n bear_v the_o same_o and_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o merchant_n will_v have_v assure_v so_o much_o the_o less_o or_o by_o employ_v that_o money_n towards_o the_o lade_n of_o the_o ship_n he_o shall_v disburse_v to_o much_o money_n less_o to_o make_v the_o say_a voyage_n and_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o in_o regard_n of_o that_o money_n the_o freight_n be_v make_v the_o great_a whereof_o the_o say_v owner_n of_o the_o ship_n have_v have_v a_o consideration_n by_o disburse_v the_o same_o assurance_n assurance_n if_o a_o factor_n be_v require_v to_o make_v assurance_n for_o a_o merchant_n upon_o a_o ship_n or_o good_n lade_v for_o a_o certain_a voyage_n and_o have_v money_n in_o his_o hand_n to_o pay_v for_o the_o premio_fw-la or_o the_o price_n of_o assurance_n and_o this_o factor_n do_v neglect_v the_o same_o and_o give_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o to_o the_o merchant_n who_o may_v have_v make_v assurance_n in_o another_o place_n and_o the_o say_a ship_n or_o good_n do_v perish_v at_o the_o sea_n this_o factor_n be_v to_o answer_v the_o damage_n unless_o he_o can_v give_v some_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o the_o non-performance_n of_o the_o say_a order_n or_o commission_n order_n composition_n make_v without_o order_n if_o a_o factor_n have_v make_v assurance_n upon_o good_n lade_v which_o afterward_o be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n make_v any_o composition_n with_o the_o assurer_n for_o the_o same_o without_o order_n or_o commission_n for_o it_o he_o be_v to_o answer_v the_o whole_a assurance_n to_o the_o merchant_n a_o merchant_n cause_v a_o ship_n to_o be_v freight_v and_o lade_v with_o commodity_n for_o constantinople_n by_o a_o factor_n of_o london_n himself_o dwell_v at_o antuerpe_n and_o be_v a_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o late_a war_n cause_v 2000_o will_v to_o be_v assure_v at_o london_n upon_o the_o say_a good_n the_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v take_v by_o the_o galley_n of_o sicilia_n and_o bring_v to_o palermo_n where_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o good_n do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n his_o subject_n but_o that_o there_o be_v 2000_o will_v assure_v at_o london_n by_o english_a merchant_n their_o enemy_n in_o those_o day_n pretend_v thereupon_o to_o take_v the_o say_v good_n for_o forfeit_a or_o so_o much_o of_o they_o as_o shall_v amount_v to_o the_o sum_n so_o assure_v hereupon_o the_o assurer_n have_v intimation_n from_o the_o factor_n of_o it_o desire_v to_o make_v some_o composition_n to_o avoid_v that_o danger_n whereby_o the_o good_n also_o may_v be_v soon_o clear_v and_o the_o possession_n obtain_v for_o the_o owner_n and_o proprietary_n thereof_o which_o be_v the_o merchant_n of_o antuerp_n wherein_o expedition_n be_v require_v the_o factor_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o say_a expedition_n do_v not_o stay_v to_o receive_v a_o answer_n from_o the_o merchant_n what_o he_o shall_v do_v but_o make_v a_o composition_n with_o the_o assuror_n for_o 60_o pound_n for_o the_o hundred_o pound_n to_o be_v pay_v instant_o the_o good_n be_v afterward_o all_o recover_v whereof_o so_o much_o as_o have_v be_v assure_v be_v former_o relinquish_v to_o the_o assuror_n for_o the_o merchant_n will_v not_o condescend_v to_o make_v any_o composition_n with_o the_o assuror_n so_o that_o the_o factor_n do_v bear_v the_o adventure_n to_o lose_v 2000_o will_v for_o some_o 1200_o will_v which_o he_o have_v receive_v if_o the_o good_n have_v not_o be_v recover_v and_o therefore_o the_o say_a factor_n take_v to_o himself_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o composition_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o experience_a merchant_n if_o a_o factor_n by_o error_n of_o account_n do_v wrong_a unto_o a_o merchant_n account_n account_n he_o be_v to_o amend_v and_o to_o make_v good_a the_o same_o not_o only_o for_o the_o principal_a but_o also_o with_o the_o interest_n for_o the_o time_n so_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o a_o factor_n for_o his_o own_o wrong_n have_v forget_v to_o charge_v the_o merchant_n account_n with_o some_o parcel_n pay_v out_o for_o he_o or_o make_v over_o by_o exchange_n the_o merchant_n be_v to_o answer_v for_o it_o with_o interest_n for_o the_o time_n in_o these_o precedent_a observation_n be_v comprise_v all_o other_o case_n of_o difference_n which_o may_v happen_v between_o factor_n and_o merchant_n cahp._n xvii_o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o sea_n law_n have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n methodical_o entreat_v as_o also_o in_o this_o hitherto_o of_o the_o matter_n therein_o intend_v nevertheless_o according_a to_o the_o content_n of_o they_o the_o matter_n be_v of_o several_a nature_n run_v promiscuous_o but_o in_o the_o end_n will_v perform_v the_o work_n for_o as_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n be_v compound_v of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o earth_n so_o this_o work_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n can_v be_v complete_a without_o the_o sea_n law_n so_o call_v law_n because_o they_o be_v write_v and_o know_v for_o without_o navigation_n commerce_n be_v of_o small_a moment_n so_o that_o the_o land_n affair_n shall_v be_v intermix_v with_o seafaring_a matter_n according_o some_o do_v attribute_v the_o first_o make_v of_o sea_n law_n to_o the_o pheniciaus_fw-la and_o carthaginian_n because_o pliny_n do_v ascribe_v the_o art_n of_o sail_v unto_o they_o but_o by_o the_o most_o ancient_a record_n the_o beginning_n must_v be_v from_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o island_n of_o rhodes_n law_n rhodian_a law_n situate_v within_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n who_o be_v most_o famous_a for_o ship_v and_o sail_v as_o strabo_n have_v write_v and_o surpass_v all_o nation_n in_o knowledge_n of_o equity_n in_o maritime_a cause_n and_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n be_v for_o above_o one_o thousand_o year_n only_o rule_v by_o their_o law_n call_v the_o rhodian_a law_n although_o augment_v with_o some_o addition_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o last_o as_o some_o have_v record_v when_o all_o sort_n of_o law_n by_o the_o eversion_n and_o lacerate_v of_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n bury_v the_o ruler_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n 1075_o make_v new_a sea_n law_n and_o statute_n and_o so_o do_v every_o chief_a seafaring_a town_n upon_o the_o say_a mediterranean_a coast_n add_v thereunto_o other_o ordinance_n so_o do_v they_o of_o marseilles_n in_o the_o year_n 1162_o genoa_n in_o the_o year_n 1186_o they_o of_o peloponessus_n call_v morea_n in_o the_o year_n 1200_o the_o venetian_n in_o the_o year_n 1262_o constantine_n 1270_o james_n king_n of_o arragon_n the_o say_a year_n peter_n king_n of_o arragon_n 1340_o and_o they_o of_o barselona_n 1434_o which_o law_n be_v collect_v and_o extant_a until_o this_o day_n but_o on_o the_o great_a ocean_n sea_n oleron_n the_o law_n of_o oleron_n the_o first_o law_n be_v make_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o island_n of_o oleron_n situate_a on_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o france_n near_o saint_n martin_n de_fw-fr rea_n against_o the_o river_n of_o charante_n which_o be_v call_v le_fw-fr roll_n d'_fw-fr oleron_n by_o which_o the_o controversy_n on_o that_o coast_n be_v determine_v and_o the_o say_a law_n be_v afterward_o disperse_v and_o bring_v in_o use_n in_o england_n and_o the_o low_a country_n whereupon_o diverse_a statute_n both_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n have_v be_v enact_v for_o seafaring_a business_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n diverse_a ordinance_n in_o the_o low_a country_n especial_o since_o their_o fish_n trade_n begin_v edward_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n cause_v with_o the_o advice_n of_o diverse_a man_n of_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n in_o maritime_a cause_n diverse_a article_n to_o be_v set_v down_o france_n admiralty_n court_n in_o france_n and_o these_o be_v enroll_v and_o obey_v for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o admiral_n court_n and_o the_o french_a king_n john_n make_v his_o contract_n with_o king_n edward_z according_o concern_v the_o fish_n trade_n as_o by_o the_o record_n extant_a in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n where_o i_o have_v see_v they_o may_v appear_v francis_n the_o french_a king_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o of_o france_n have_v make_v some_o statute_n law_n concern_v the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n but_o the_o substance_n of_o all_o
or_o amount_v unto_o albeit_o that_o in_o this_o as_o i_o have_v touch_v before_o custom_n be_v prefer_v above_o law_n particular_a custom_n to_o be_v above_o law_n in_o this_o particular_a for_o the_o civil_a law_n if_o there_o be_v many_o assuror_n in_o a_o ship_n upon_o the_o good_n lade_v therein_o make_v all_o the_o assuror_n liable_a pro_fw-la rata_fw-la as_o they_o have_v assure_v according_a to_o the_o say_a part_n of_o good_n lade_v if_o a_o loss_n do_v happen_v or_o if_o there_o be_v cause_n to_o restore_v the_o premio_fw-la or_o sallarie_n of_o assurance_n in_o part_n but_o the_o custom_n of_o assurance_n do_v impose_v the_o loss_n upon_o those_o assuror_n which_o do_v first_o underwrite_v and_o the_o late_a underwriter_n of_o the_o assuror_n do_v not_o bear_v any_o part_n of_o the_o loss_n but_o must_v make_v restitution_n of_o the_o premio_fw-la and_o reserve_v only_o one_o half_a upon_o the_o hundred_o pound_n or_o 10_o ss_z for_o their_o underwriting_n in_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n as_o be_v observe_v the_o civillians_n therefore_o have_v note_v that_o in_o assurance_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o sea-lawe_n and_o use_v among_o merchant_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v regard_v and_o observe_v in_o like_a manner_n if_o a_o ship_n bind_v for_o a_o certain_a port_n be_v at_o sea_n be_v drive_v back_o to_o the_o same_o from_o whence_o it_o depart_v and_o by_o tempest_n be_v cast_v away_o the_o assuror_n be_v to_o answer_v the_o damage_n of_o the_o good_n lade_v therein_o for_o so_o much_o as_o they_o do_v assure_v as_o they_o do_v in_o other_o casualty_n assuror_n therefore_o be_v right_o exempt_v by_o the_o divine_n and_o canonist_n to_o be_v no_o manner_n of_o way_n usuror_n take_v a_o benefit_n by_o contract_n etc._n etc._n the_o matter_n of_o loss_n be_v well_o examine_v and_o make_v plain_a the_o commissioner_n then_o with_o a_o mature_a deliberation_n do_v set_v down_o their_o determination_n and_o sentence_n that_o the_o assuror_n shall_v pay_v every_o one_o the_o money_n by_o he_o assure_v and_o if_o thereupon_o any_o one_o do_v deny_v to_o make_v payment_n according_o than_o upon_o certificate_n to_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n and_o some_o of_o the_o say_a commissioner_n make_v of_o his_o refusal_n they_o have_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o aforesaid_a authority_n to_o commit_v the_o say_a assuror_n to_o prison_n there_o to_o remain_v until_o he_o do_v pay_v or_o satisfy_v the_o say_a sentence_n or_o final_a decree_n which_o no_o man_n of_o any_o credit_n will_v incur_v and_o thus_o be_v this_o laudable_a custom_n establish_v in_o england_n and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n they_o be_v compel_v by_o the_o magistrate_n to_o perform_v the_o like_a ordinance_n or_o sentence_n pronounce_v in_o the_o like_a case_n of_o assurance_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xxix_o of_o shipwreck_n and_o thing_n find_v upon_o the_o sea_n the_o merchant_n or_o the_o assure_a together_o with_o the_o assuror_n have_v great_a cause_n of_o encouragement_n to_o look_v after_o the_o good_n of_o a_o shipwreck_n for_o there_o be_v no_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o say_a good_n but_o with_o all_o humanity_n every_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o aid_v they_o thereunto_o and_o whosoever_o steal_v any_o such_o good_n he_o shall_v pay_v fourfold_a to_o the_o owner_n thereof_o if_o he_o be_v pursue_v within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n and_o as_o much_o to_o the_o prince_n or_o admiral_n wherein_o the_o sea-law_n be_v so_o strict_a that_o the_o steal_n of_o a_o nail_n or_o the_o value_n thereof_o make_v the_o party_n guilty_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o good_n so_o that_o by_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o emperor_n antonius_n the_o thief_n or_o robber_n of_o such_o good_n shall_v be_v beat_v and_o banish_v for_o three_o year_n or_o if_o he_o be_v of_o base_a condition_n scourge_v to_o the_o galley_n for_o he_o that_o will_v not_o help_v such_o distress_a man_n shall_v be_v count_v as_o a_o murderer_n and_o therefore_o may_v no_o man_n hinder_v ship_n to_o tie_v their_o rope_n or_o lay_v their_o anchor_n on_o land_n and_o therefore_o do_v hadrian_n the_o emperor_n ordain_v that_o all_o man_n have_v possession_n on_o the_o coast_n shall_v attend_v careful_o upon_o such_o chance_n otherwise_o they_o to_o be_v answerable_a for_o all_o thing_n miss_v by_o stealth_n or_o robbery_n if_o no_o man_n in_o due_a time_n claim_v such_o a_o wreck_n than_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n or_o admiral_n and_o any_o action_n for_o shipwreck_n must_v therefore_o be_v commence_v within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n wherein_o also_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o if_o the_o ship_n only_o perish_v and_o the_o good_n be_v save_v than_o the_o good_n shall_v pay_v the_o ten_o or_o the_o five_o as_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o save_v thereof_o shall_v require_v for_o gold_n silver_n silk_n and_o the_o like_a thing_n of_o easy_a transportation_n shall_v pay_v less_o than_o good_n of_o great_a weight_n and_o burdensome_a for_o carriage_n as_o be_v in_o great_a danger_n except_o the_o master_n carry_v in_o his_o ship_n to_o a_o place_n where_o he_o shall_v not_o and_o then_o be_v the_o merchant_n free_a of_o the_o master_n loss_n now_o of_o thing_n find_v upon_o the_o sea_n or_o within_o the_o flood-mark_a these_o be_v of_o three_o sort_n either_o find_v on_o the_o stream_n float_v and_o then_o be_v call_v floatson_n or_o find_v on_o the_o sea_n bottom_n lagon_n floatson_n lagon_n and_o draw_v up_o from_o it_o and_o then_o call_v lagon_n or_o find_v on_o land_n but_o within_o the_o sea-flood_n or_o cast_v forth_o there_o by_o storm_n and_o the_o water_n and_o then_o be_v call_v jetson_n jetson_n jetson_n concern_v floatson_n and_o jetson_n whether_o thing_n be_v cast_v up_o by_o shipwreck_n or_o else_o leave_v or_o lose_v through_o cast_v in_o storm_n the_o finder_n thereof_o as_o some_o lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n shall_v do_v therewith_o as_o with_o other_o good_n find_v upon_o land_n that_o be_v to_o proclaim_v the_o same_o to_o be_v forthcoming_a to_o the_o true_a owner_n because_o the_o loser_n remain_v still_o proprietary_n of_o they_o and_o if_o no_o man_n claim_v the_o same_o the_o finder_n to_o keep_v the_o same_o to_o himself_o but_o by_o the_o rhodian_a law_n the_o finder_n have_v one_o five_o part_n for_o the_o save_n and_o in_o france_n by_o the_o admiralty_n of_o rochel_n they_o allow_v pour_v le_fw-fr droict_n de_fw-fr sawage_n one_o three_o part_n which_o myself_o have_v allow_v of_o eighty_o pipe_n of_o oil_n and_o twenty_o two_o butt_n of_o sack_n which_o become_v floatson_n out_o of_o a_o ship_n of_o diepe_a call_v the_o desire_n which_o do_v perish_v near_o the_o island_n of_o saint_n martin_n de_fw-fr rea_n not_o far_o from_o oleron_n in_o the_o year_n 1589_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o late_o decease_v be_v then_o but_o king_n of_o navarre_n so_o have_v a_o diver_n for_o drown_a good_n sea_n allowâ—ee_o to_o diverse_a in_o the_o sea_n one_o three_o part_n upon_o eight_o cubit_n deep_a and_o upon_o fifteen_o cubit_n he_o have_v half_a and_o upon_o one_o cubit_n but_o a_o ten_o which_o of_o late_a year_n be_v according_o allow_v in_o some_o part_n of_o ireland_n for_o draw_v up_o some_o ordnance_n of_o the_o ship_n which_o of_o the_o spanish_a armada_n do_v perish_v upon_o the_o coast_n anno_fw-la 1588._o but_o by_o the_o custom_n now_o use_v every_o man_n of_o some_o quality_n will_v claim_v all_o as_o his_o own_o if_o it_o come_v upon_o his_o land_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n which_o give_v it_o to_o the_o finder_n if_o ship_n or_o boat_n be_v find_v on_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o coast_n without_o any_o live_a creature_n therein_o and_o no_o man_n claim_v the_o same_o within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n then_o the_o half_a be_v allow_v to_o the_o finder_n and_o the_o other_o half_n to_o the_o prince_n but_o of_o late_a year_n all_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o the_o admiral_n to_o consider_v the_o finder_n or_o taker_n with_o some_o portion_n for_o his_o travel_n charge_n and_o danger_n and_o if_o the_o finder_n conceal_v such_o good_n whether_o anchor_n timber_n jewel_n dead_a man_n with_o money_n or_o jewel_n about_o they_o he_o not_o only_o lose_v his_o part_n but_o also_o shall_v be_v fine_v at_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o admiral_n if_o whale_n or_o regal_a fish_n ship_n or_o boat_n without_o live_a thing_n in_o they_o be_v drive_v by_o force_n of_o wind_n and_o wave_n only_o to_o any_o coast_n or_o land_n than_o all_o and_o whole_o do_v appertain_v to_o the_o admiral_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1617._o a_o great_a whale_n be_v find_v on_o the_o coast_n in_o suffolk_n where_o sir_n robert_n lloyd_n knight_n be_v admiral_n for_o the_o late_a queen_n
the_o sea_n be_v adjoin_v and_o in_o propriety_n to_o be_v esteem_v according_o take_v their_o name_n of_o the_o country_n and_o kingdom_n adjacent_a or_o of_o their_o situation_n as_o mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la mare_fw-la germanicum_n mare_n hibernicum_n and_o for_o situation_n mare_fw-la mediterraneum_fw-la observe_v by_o cosmographer_n historiographer_n and_o mathematician_n this_o be_v perform_v with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o compass_n count_v of_o course_n sounding_n colour_n of_o the_o gravel_n or_o sand_n and_o other_o way_n to_o design_n finitum_fw-la ab_fw-la '_o infinito_o law_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n so_o far_o as_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o certain_a reach_n and_o bound_n of_o sea_n proper_o apppertain_v to_o any_o prince_n or_o people_n wherein_o the_o doctor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v record_v excellent_a observation_n custom_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o custom_n baldus_n say_v vidimus_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la in_fw-la mare_fw-la esse_fw-la regna_fw-la distincta_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la auda_fw-la iâ—sula_fw-la ad_fw-la legem_fw-la 1._o the_o ter_z divisione_n in_o §._o nullius_fw-la in_o tratt_v de_fw-fr iâ—sula_fw-la bartolas_n do_v in_o his_o opinion_n allow_v for_o prince_n and_o people_n at_o the_o seaside_n centum_fw-la mitliaria_fw-la which_o be_v one_o hundred_o league_n of_o sea_n from_o their_o coast_n if_o they_o extend_v their_o protection_n so_o far_o call_v by_o they_o districtus_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o territorium_fw-la which_o be_v most_o plain_a in_o those_o sea_n where_o the_o isle_n of_o garnesey_n and_o jarnesey_n be_v so_o sensible_a and_o visible_a to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n dominion_n visible_a mark_v of_o dominion_n or_o where_o there_o be_v such_o rock_n or_o eminent_a mark_n as_o the_o washes_n at_o the_o west_n sea_n thereof_o to_o which_o purpose_n paulus_n a_o renown_a civilian_n say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o needful_a for_o he_o who_o will_v possess_v himself_o of_o any_o land_n to_o go_v about_o and_o tread_v over_o the_o same_o but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o enter_v in_o upon_o any_o part_n thereof_o with_o a_o mind_n to_o possess_v all_o the_o rest_n thereof_o even_o to_o the_o due_a march_n to_o be_v make_v apparent_a by_o the_o instrument_n of_o geometrician_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v design_v upon_o the_o sea_n notwithstanding_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o continual_a flow_v too_o and_o fro_o of_o the_o other_o this_o distinction_n of_o dominion_n have_v continue_v so_o many_o hundred_o year_n need_v not_o to_o be_v corroborate_v with_o other_o proof_n and_o argument_n yet_o let_v we_o note_v obiter_fw-la that_o if_o the_o same_o be_v not_o distinguish_v as_o aforesaid_a admiralty_n case_n of_o civil_a law_n or_o admiralty_n one_o bear_v upon_o the_o sea_n shall_v have_v no_o country_n or_o nation_n to_o appeal_v unto_o and_o a_o man_n die_v intestate_a upon_o the_o sea_n shall_v minister_v occasion_n of_o question_n to_o know_v who_o shall_v administer_v his_o good_n and_o make_v of_o a_o will_n how_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v prove_v and_o execute_v by_o law_n without_o approbation_n of_o some_o court_n or_o jurisdiction_n whereas_o we_o find_v many_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o their_o several_a jurisdiction_n upon_o the_o sea_n as_o deputy_n to_o their_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o be_v always_o absolute_a commander_n in_o their_o precinct_n according_a to_o the_o treaty_n and_o contract_n make_v between_o prince_n which_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o law_n and_o inseparable_a of_o the_o say_a prince_n right_a on_o the_o land_n concern_v the_o possession_n of_o their_o kingdom_n or_o commonweal_n as_o the_o fundamental_a cause_n of_o their_o dominion_n wherein_o discontinuance_n of_o any_o part_n of_o their_o right_n can_v be_v plead_v against_o they_o the_o king_n of_o england_n nevertheless_o have_v be_v provident_a and_o careful_a herein_o for_o historiographer_n have_v record_v that_o king_n edgar_n one_o of_o the_o saxon_a king_n long_o before_o the_o conquest_n make_v a_o survey_n yearly_a of_o the_o four_o great_a sea_n westm._n matthew_n of_o westm._n and_o style_v himself_o lord_n thereof_o even_o until_o norway_n cestriensis_fw-la ranulph_n cestriensis_fw-la and_o his_o progress_n be_v most_o towards_o the_o north._n it_o be_v also_o affirm_v 973._o anno_fw-la 973._o that_o the_o say_a king_n edgar_n cause_v a_o inscription_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o his_o tomb_n for_o a_o monument_n call_v himself_o dominus_fw-la quatuor_fw-la marea_n and_o as_o papinian_n the_o jurisconsult_a say_v in_o finalibus_fw-la questionibus_fw-la vete_fw-la ra_fw-mi monumenta_fw-la sequenda_fw-la sunt_fw-la britannicum_fw-la mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la but_o this_o for_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n over_o their_o sea_n hibernicum_n mare_fw-la hibernicum_n be_v not_o needful_a for_o afterward_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n after_o he_o have_v subdue_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n by_o conquest_n germanicum_n mare_fw-la germanicum_n cause_v himself_o not_o only_o to_o be_v proclaim_v king_n deucalidon_n mare_fw-la deucalidon_n but_o also_o that_o all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v he_o and_o so_o cause_v the_o land_n to_o be_v divide_v and_o yet_o be_v content_v to_o change_v the_o title_n of_o a_o monarchy_n by_o conquest_n into_o a_o monarchy_n royal_a and_o be_v also_o lord_n of_o the_o say_v four_o sea_n resp._n io_o bodinus_fw-la de_fw-fr resp._n by_o the_o former_a assumpsit_fw-la which_o have_v then_o continue_v 200_o year_n and_o his_o progress_n by_o sea_n be_v most_o westward_o for_o when_o prince_n or_o king_n do_v style_v themselves_o by_o proclamation_n than_o the_o continuance_n thereof_o without_o opposition_n of_o other_o prince_n be_v hold_v and_o observe_v as_o inviolable_a and_o permanent_a now_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o succeed_a william_n the_o conqueror_n chronicle_n graftons_n chronicle_n within_o one_o hundred_o year_n do_v join_v ireland_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o do_v reduce_v normandy_n and_o other_o place_n in_o france_n to_o the_o crown_n take_v as_o it_o be_v a_o new_a possession_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o henry_n the_o first_o every_o year_n or_o within_o three_o year_n at_o the_o further_a cross_v over_o into_o normandy_n have_v take_v robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n prisoner_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o malmesbuâ—e_n chro._n malmesbuâ—e_n there_o be_v a_o disputation_n hold_v with_o france_n concern_v the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n about_o britain_n in_o which_o it_o be_v prove_v to_o belong_v to_o england_n hayward_n joh._n hayward_n and_o thereupon_o france_n disclaim_v therein_o etc._n by_o ancient_a record_n and_o treaty_n etc._n etc._n as_o appear_v by_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n the_o three_o his_o proclamation_n yet_o extant_a which_o argument_n and_o contract_n be_v as_o a_o law_n effectual_a and_o here_o i_o must_v remember_v the_o singular_a care_n which_o the_o right_a reverend_a father_n in_o god_n doctor_n abbot_n now_o archbishop_n of_o canturburie_n canturburie_n a_o rare_a book_n remoin_v with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canturburie_n and_o metropolitan_a of_o england_n have_v have_v in_o procure_v at_o his_o great_a charge_n for_o the_o good_a of_o our_o posterity_n a_o excellent_a great_a volume_n or_o manuscript_n which_o be_v heretofore_o take_v at_o calais_n in_o france_n when_o the_o spaniard_n take_v the_o same_o anno_fw-la 1596_o and_o carry_v to_o brussels_n in_o the_o low-countries_n whereof_o i_o have_v have_v the_o perusal_n and_o make_v a_o abstract_n of_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o viz._n the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o edward_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o john_n king_n of_o france_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o elder_a son_n namely_o edward_n the_o black_a prince_n of_o wales_n and_z charles_n duke_n of_o normandy_n regent_n the_o french_a king_n his_o father_n be_v prisoner_n to_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n which_o treaty_n be_v make_v the_o eight_o of_o may_v 1360_o in_o brittany_n near_o chartres_n and_o confirm_v at_o calais_n whereupon_o sixteen_o hostage_n be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v to_o come_v thither_o in_o person_n and_o to_o pay_v three_o million_o of_o crown_n for_o his_o ransom_n of_o two_o crown_n to_o be_v reckon_v for_o a_o english_a noble_a call_v in_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o his_o time_n angel_n noble_a be_v some_o 750000_o 〈◊〉_d sterling_a france_n the_o ransom_n of_o king_n john_n of_o france_n the_o ship_n whereof_o upon_o the_o one_o side_n do_v signify_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n whereunto_o old_a chaucer_n the_o poet_n do_v allude_v in_o henry_n the_o five_o his_o time_n this_o money_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o weet_v six_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n at_o calais_n within_o 4_o month_n after_o king_n johns_n arrival_n there_o more_fw-mi four_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n within_o the_o year_n and_o so_o much_o yearly_a until_o the_o full_a payment_n make_v
within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v the_o king_n chamber_n after_o this_o follow_v the_o particular_a letter_n for_o the_o delivery_n of_o several_a country_n and_o town_n as_o caour_n carsin_n monstreull_a calais_n rochel_n turaine_n poitiers_n poitou_n xantes_n xantogne_n dagonois_n perigot_n and_o diverse_a other_o beside_o many_o letter_n concern_v the_o french_a king_n liberty_n and_o his_o hostage_n and_o of_o the_o homage_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o remain_v with_o the_o title_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o domayne_n beside_o many_o other_o memorable_a thing_n so_o that_o all_o matter_n concern_v the_o sea_n and_o land_n be_v establish_v for_o those_o sea_n and_o king_n eâ—ward_n take_v six_o penny_n a_o ton_n for_o fish_v ship_n king_n henry_n the_o five_o who_o do_v conquer_v all_o france_n and_o have_v the_o possession_n of_o mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la lose_v nothing_o of_o his_o right_n no_o more_o do_v henry_n the_o six_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o their_o proclamation_n treaty_n hollâ—ngshed_n chro_fw-la hollâ—ngshed_n and_o contract_v not_o only_o with_o the_o french_a but_o with_o the_o archduke_n of_o burgundy_n as_o by_o guicchardins_n chronicle_n treatise_n chr._n froiszart_n guiccâ—arâ—in_n and_o the_o say_a treatise_n or_o historical_a description_n of_o the_o low-countries_n appear_v and_o as_o doctor_n d_o you_o in_o his_o book_n of_o navigation_n affirm_v king_n henry_n the_o seven_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o fish_n trade_n proper_o belong_v unto_o england_n in_o his_o sea_n and_o dominion_n have_v resolve_v to_o settle_v a_o trade_n thereupon_o which_o he_o prefer_v above_o all_o voyage_n for_o in_o those_o day_n there_o be_v no_o fish_v trade_n establish_v in_o the_o low-countries_n antiquity_n by_o original_a antiquity_n and_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o one_o hundred_o year_n complete_a that_o one_o violet_n stephens_n and_o other_o discontent_a fishmonger_n depart_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o go_v into_o holland_n to_o the_o town_n of_o enckhusen_n where_o they_o procure_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o fish_n for_o they_o in_o his_o majesty_n of_o great_a britain_n sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n which_o inhabitant_n upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o say_v englishmen_n fishmonger_n take_v the_o whole_a trade_n to_o themselves_o disperse_v the_o same_o into_o many_o other_o town_n whereby_o the_o same_o be_v admirable_o increase_v queen_n marie_n be_v marry_v with_o king_n philip_n the_o second_o of_o spain_n under_o who_o all_o the_o seventeen_o low_a province_n be_v unite_v grant_v a_o lease_n unto_o the_o say_a king_n for_o the_o fish_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o ireland_n for_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n for_o a_o certain_a fine_a and_o pay_v one_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a into_o the_o treasury_n of_o ireland_n and_o edward_n fitton_n knight_n then_o treasurer_n and_o the_o company_n of_o the_o old_a haunce_n in_o primo_fw-la of_o the_o say_a queen_n marie_n have_v also_o liberty_n to_o sish_v within_o the_o say_a sea_n upon_o certain_a condition_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o chancery_n and_o for_o england_n northwards_o licence_n be_v give_v at_o scarborough_n castle_n to_o this_o distinction_n of_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n porteullis_n invention_n of_o the_o porteullis_n i_o call_v to_o memory_n the_o proceed_n of_o that_o victorious_a king_n henry_n the_o eight_o who_o during_o the_o time_n that_o calais_n be_v under_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n as_o it_o have_v be_v full_a 211_o year_n use_v the_o invention_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o portcullis_n signify_v the_o power_n of_o lock_v up_o of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n between_o dover_n and_o calais_n which_o be_v think_v convenient_a to_o be_v use_v upon_o the_o coin_n make_v for_o the_o east-indies_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o trade_n be_v piece_n of_o the_o value_n of_o eight_o royal_n of_o spain_n whereof_o there_o be_v coin_a in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n for_o a_o trial_n in_o januarie_n 1600_o some_o six_o thousand_o pound_n which_o can_v not_o be_v make_v currant_n there_o because_o the_o spanish_a piece_n of_o eight_o royal_n have_v be_v before_o that_o time_n counterfeit_v by_o other_o nation_n which_o make_v the_o east-indians_a to_o doubt_v of_o our_o coin_n although_o without_o cause_n this_o noble_a king_n henry_n have_v procure_v the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o to_o meet_v with_o the_o french_a king_n go_v over_o in_o person_n with_o a_o great_a power_n to_o besiege_v the_o town_n of_o boulogne_n in_o france_n and_o when_o he_o see_v that_o the_o emperor_n tent_n or_o pavilion_n be_v make_v with_o the_o two_o pillar_n of_o hercules_n and_o the_o inscription_n plus_fw-fr ultra_fw-la and_o likewise_o the_o french_a king_n tent_n with_o the_o three_o flower_n deluce_n and_o the_o title_n of_o primus_fw-la christianorum_fw-la rex_fw-la he_o cause_v a_o archer_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o his_o pavilion_n with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o his_o inscription_n be_v cui_fw-la adherio_fw-la praeest_fw-la declare_v thereby_o his_o present_a strength_n whereby_o he_o do_v qualify_v those_o war_n and_o peace_n be_v make_v between_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o say_v french_a king_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o state_n of_o a_o prince_n do_v as_o much_o consist_v by_o reputation_n as_o by_o strength_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n have_v also_o be_v mindful_a of_o his_o right_n of_o distinct_a dominion_n for_o the_o great_a blessing_n which_o almighty_a god_n have_v allot_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a under_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v so_o visible_a to_o all_o the_o world_n as_o that_o thereby_o they_o be_v ravish_v with_o admiration_n for_o albeit_o that_o the_o earthly_a blessing_n be_v produce_v in_o seasonable_a time_n yet_o the_o blessing_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v direct_v and_o point_v at_o by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n at_o infallible_a season_n cause_v those_o watery_a creature_n to_o offer_v themselves_o for_o our_o sustenance_n and_o for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o all_o creature_n in_o place_n certain_a within_o his_o majesty_n sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n and_o not_o into_o the_o main_a where_o fish_v can_v be_v effect_v whereupon_o his_o majesty_n before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n do_v let_v the_o fish_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o hollander_n for_o fifteen_o year_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o more_o ancient_a treaty_n between_o they_o that_o the_o fish_n then_o agree_v upon_o shall_v be_v eighty_o mile_n from_o the_o coast_n to_o the_o end_n the_o scoles_n of_o herring_n shall_v not_o be_v interrupt_v his_o majesty_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n of_o great_a britain_n make_v a_o grant_v to_o one_o collyn_n of_o coventrie_n for_o twenty_o one_o year_n for_o the_o fish_n in_o some_o part_n of_o ireland_n fish_v grant_v make_v for_o fish_v and_o the_o like_a grant_n have_v be_v make_v for_o the_o isle_n of_o garnesey_n and_o jarnesey_n according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n law_n by_o the_o common_a law_n which_o in_o this_o point_n concern_v his_o majesty_n right_a of_o dominion_n be_v very_o copious_a the_o handle_n whereof_o i_o leave_v to_o the_o learned_a and_o judicious_a of_o the_o say_v law_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n say_a reign_n his_o highness_n cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v concern_v his_o dominion_n of_o fish_v which_o be_v compendious_a and_o substantial_a i_o think_v convenient_a here_o to_o be_v insert_v verbatim_o james_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n defendor_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n to_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n to_o who_o it_o may_v appertain_v greeting_n although_o we_o do_v sufficient_o know_v by_o our_o experience_n in_o the_o office_n of_o regal_a dignity_n in_o which_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o almighty_a god_n we_o have_v be_v place_v and_o exercise_v these_o many_o year_n as_o also_o by_o observation_n which_o we_o have_v make_v of_o other_o christian_a prince_n exemplary_a action_n how_o far_o the_o absoluteness_n of_o our_o sovereign_a power_n extend_v itself_o and_o that_o in_o regard_n thereof_o we_o need_v not_o to_o yield_v account_n to_o any_o person_n under_o god_n for_o any_o action_n of_o we_o which_o be_v lawful_o ground_v upon_o that_o just_a prerogative_n yet_o such_o have_v ever_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v our_o care_n and_o desire_v to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n and_o friend_n in_o any_o action_n which_o may_v have_v the_o least_o relation_n to_o their_o subject_n and_o estate_n as_o we_o have_v think_v good_a by_o way_n of_o friendly_a praemonition_n to_o declare_v unto_o they_o all_o and_o to_o whosoever_o it_o may_v appertain_v as_o follow_v whereas_o we_o
also_o provide_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n that_o whosoever_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o have_v voluntary_o yield_v to_o any_o arrest_n or_o his_o body_n to_o prison_n and_o so_o remain_v in_o prison_n for_o and_o during_o the_o time_n of_o six_o month_n think_v by_o that_o imprisonment_n to_o free_v his_o good_n and_o to_o deceive_v his_o creditor_n against_o he_o may_v the_o say_a commission_n be_v sue_v forth_o and_o execute_v according_o for_o he_o be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o a_o bankrupt_a according_a to_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o if_o the_o party_n be_v at_o liberty_n against_o who_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o bankrupt_a be_v take_v out_o the_o say_a commissioner_n may_v if_o they_o see_v cause_n commit_v he_o to_o prison_n and_o give_v he_o some_o allowance_n for_o his_o maintenance_n and_o of_o all_o their_o proceed_n there_o be_v a_o register_n appoint_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n to_o record_v the_o same_o until_o the_o lord_n chanceller_n do_v dissolve_v the_o say_a commission_n by_o a_o supersedeas_fw-la decoctor_n definition_n of_o the_o word_n decoctor_n the_o civilians_n be_v copious_a in_o the_o description_n of_o this_o argument_n and_o have_v attribute_v unto_o this_o kind_n of_o people_n the_o name_n of_o decoctor_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o word_n decoquâ—_n as_o it_o be_v to_o consume_v the_o substance_n of_o thing_n by_o decrease_n and_o evaporation_n of_o boil_v over_o the_o fire_n otherwise_o call_v disturber_n or_o consumer_n of_o other_o man_n good_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n nevertheless_o they_o do_v observe_v great_a distinction_n between_o these_o person_n as_o in_o the_o treatise_n de_fw-fr decoctoribus_fw-la make_v by_o benuenuto_n straccha_n appear_v and_o the_o definition_n of_o bankerupt_v be_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n distinguish_v first_o when_o a_o man_n become_v insoluent_a by_o lose_v his_o good_n and_o other_o man_n by_o fortune_n mischance_n and_o casualty_n which_o man_n be_v not_o take_v to_o be_v infamous_a by_o the_o law_n endeavour_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n as_o he_o can_v second_o when_o a_o man_n by_o waste_v spoil_v and_o vicious_o give_v consume_v his_o own_o and_o other_o man_n good_n and_o he_o by_o the_o law_n be_v infamous_a three_o when_o a_o man_n be_v decay_v partly_o by_o waste_v and_o spoil_v of_o his_o own_o and_o other_o man_n good_n and_o partly_o by_o misfortune_n and_o accident_n and_o this_o man_n be_v take_v to_o be_v infamous_a if_o he_o be_v vicious_a hereunto_o i_o may_v add_v the_o four_o and_o most_o vile_a person_n who_o enrich_v himself_o with_o other_o man_n good_n break_v without_o just_a cause_n and_o only_o of_o purpose_n to_o deceive_v man_n according_a to_o the_o aforesaid_a example_n of_o rouen_n albeit_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o say_v civilians_n have_v leave_v they_o out_o of_o the_o number_n to_o be_v criminal_o punish_v as_o thief_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o magistrate_n or_o prince_n authority_n as_o the_o banker_n of_o florence_n be_v who_o break_v for_o many_o million_o of_o ducat_n make_v a_o sudden_a and_o deceitful_a composition_n with_o his_o creditor_n for_o the_o one_o half_a and_o do_v pay_v they_o in_o ready_a money_n which_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o great_a duke_n he_o cause_v his_o process_n to_o be_v make_v instant_o and_o thereupon_o he_o be_v execute_v also_o according_o which_o be_v good_a justice_n and_o be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o magistrate_n and_o not_o by_o the_o creditor_n bankrupt_n punishment_n of_o bankrupt_n as_o of_o late_a year_n one_o of_o genoa_n in_o italy_n do_v unto_o a_o debtor_n of_o he_o who_o he_o know_v go_v about_o to_o deceive_v he_o for_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n whereupon_o he_o cause_v a_o chair_n to_o be_v make_v and_o call_v the_o party_n to_o his_o house_n and_o entreat_v he_o to_o sit_v therein_o which_o be_v make_v with_o certain_a engine_n do_v sudden_o so_o gripe_v and_o clasp_v in_o his_o say_a debtor_n that_o he_o be_v compel_v to_o pay_v he_o or_o it_o may_v have_v cost_v he_o his_o life_n true_a it_o be_v that_o in_o russia_n a_o man_n have_v leave_v to_o beat_v or_o to_o have_v his_o debtor_n beat_v upon_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o leg_n if_o he_o can_v pay_v and_o therewith_o be_v he_o discharge_v which_o be_v not_o so_o cruel_a as_o to_o keep_v he_o always_o in_o prison_n and_o make_v he_o to_o endure_v a_o linger_a death_n wherein_o the_o undo_n of_o wife_n and_o child_n be_v make_v partaker_n unjust_o concern_v fraudulent_a dealer_n the_o law_n be_v that_o by_o make_v session_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v relieve_v and_o may_v be_v apprehend_v in_o the_o church_n whereas_o a_o freeman_n can_v be_v arrest_v or_o take_v in_o the_o church_n but_o may_v be_v unto_o he_o a_o place_n of_o refuge_n if_o he_o be_v find_v a_o fraudulent_a man_n by_o his_o book_n of_o account_n than_o any_o bargain_n or_o sale_n make_v two_o or_o three_o day_n before_o his_o break_n by_o good_n sell_v good_a cheap_a may_v be_v recall_v and_o avoid_v and_o in_o like_a manner_n if_o he_o pay_v one_o man_n after_o his_o break_n the_o same_o may_v be_v take_v to_o be_v do_v in_o fraud_n of_o all_o the_o other_o creditor_n and_o may_v be_v recall_v for_o the_o generality_n so_o good_n buy_v by_o he_o before_o break_v if_o they_o be_v find_v in_o esse_fw-la may_v be_v claim_v by_o the_o seller_n to_o his_o particular_a use_n and_o payment_n again_o all_o conjecture_n of_o fraud_n may_v be_v augment_v and_o aggravate_v against_o the_o fraudulent_a man_n according_a to_o the_o say_n semel_fw-la inventum_fw-la decies_fw-la factum_fw-la if_o any_o man_n do_v break_v in_o partnership_n the_o partnership_n be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la dissolve_v by_o law_n but_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o other_o remain_v pay_v the_o debt_n of_o the_o partnership_n also_o any_o commission_n give_v by_o he_o for_o the_o partnership_n be_v void_a instant_o howbeit_o if_o a_o factor_n by_o ignorance_n of_o his_o break_n have_v cause_v his_o commission_n to_o be_v follow_v that_o which_o be_v do_v do_v bind_v the_o master_n and_o shall_v excuse_v the_o factor_n debtor_n suspicious_a debtor_n a_o debtor_n suspect_v by_o other_o may_v be_v touch_v before_o money_n be_v due_a and_o the_o creditor_n may_v attach_v some_o of_o his_o good_n or_o pawn_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o write_v of_o latitat_fw-la out_o of_o the_o king_n bench_n court_n may_v be_v serve_v upon_o they_o to_o find_v surety_n for_o their_o appearance_n at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n before_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o say_a court_n but_o the_o law_n in_o diverse_a country_n do_v very_o much_o differ_v in_o the_o proceed_n and_o execution_n of_o these_o fraudulent_a man_n suretyship_n a_o question_n for_o suretyship_n here_o arise_v a_o question_n whether_o a_o surety_n can_v pretend_v to_o be_v discharge_v if_o the_o creditor_n have_v make_v or_o agree_v with_o the_o principal_a for_o a_o long_a time_n of_o payment_n and_o the_o principal_a break_v the_o answer_n be_v that_o if_o he_o know_v of_o the_o new_a agreement_n of_o the_o say_a party_n for_o a_o long_a time_n he_o be_v liable_a thereunto_o otherwise_o be_v bind_v as_o a_o surety_n for_o a_o time_n limit_v he_o ought_v to_o be_v clear_v at_o that_o time_n or_o to_o make_v suit_n or_o demand_v to_o have_v his_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o principal_a as_o also_o of_o the_o surety_n which_o be_v neglect_v do_v in_o equity_n discharge_v the_o say_a surety_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o if_o the_o surety_n do_v break_v at_o or_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o payment_n the_o creditor_n may_v demand_v another_o surety_n in_o that_o man_n place_n which_o be_v break_v wherein_o the_o law_n be_v very_o indifferent_a and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o diverse_a lord_n chancellor_n of_o england_n for_o money_n take_v up_o at_o interest_n upon_o bond_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o when_o the_o say_v money_n be_v continue_v or_o prolong_v at_o interest_n the_o bond_n shall_v be_v renew_v and_o the_o counter-bond_n also_o and_o not_o to_o leave_v the_o old_a bond_n for_o many_o year_n to_o be_v uncancel_v for_o it_o do_v oftentimes_o happen_v upon_o occasion_n of_o absence_n of_o some_o of_o the_o party_n that_o a_o new_a bond_n be_v sometime_o seal_v and_o the_o old_a not_o take_v in_o which_o breed_v contention_n for_o the_o new_a bond_n be_v make_v the_o old_a be_v void_a and_o yet_o may_v be_v uncancel_v and_o also_o put_v in_o suit_n by_o some_o executor_n or_o administrator_n ignorant_a of_o the_o other_o new_a bond_n take_v for_o the_o same_o and_o pay_v long_o before_o albeit_o herein_o it_o seem_v there_o be_v more_o reason_n not_o to_o make_v new_a bond_n howsoever_o diligent_a
of_o batenborgh_n nineteen_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 105_o piece_n the_o pistolet_n of_o italy_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n and_o some_o twenty_o one_o carrot_fw-la 2_o ½_n grain_n and_o 108_o piece_n the_o flemish_a rider_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n fine_a and_o 105_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o guilder_n and_o vrisland_n rider_n of_o the_o year_n 1583_o fine_a twenty_o one_o carrat_n and_o 108_o piece_n the_o rider_n of_o burgandie_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n ½_n fine_a and_o 105_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o english_a salut_n and_o the_o half_a twenty_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 108_o piece_n the_o schuytken_n or_o ship_n of_o flanders_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n one_o grain_n fine_a and_o 109_o ½_n piece_n the_o rider_n of_o guilder_n of_o fourteen_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 114_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o philip_n clincart_n of_o fourteen_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 114_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o rider_n of_o deventer_n campen_n and_o swoll_n twelve_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 114_o piece_n david_n guile_n of_o trier_n be_v 17_o carrat_n 2_o grain_n and_o 114_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o vtrecht_n 16_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 114_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o the_o harp_n 15_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 114_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n weight_n the_o peter_n of_o louvain_n of_o 17_o ½_n carrat_n fine_a and_o likewise_o 114_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o clemmer_n guilder_n of_o 13_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 114_o piece_n the_o frederick_n of_o beyeren_n guilder_n fourteen_o carrat_n and_o 117_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o arnaldus_n guilder_n twelve_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 138_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o postulat_fw-la of_o bourbon_n 12_o ½_n carrat_n fine_a and_o 136_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o postulat_v of_o horn_n 10_o ½_n carrat_n fine_a &_o 156_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n of_o guliers_n 9_o carrat_n 3_o grain_n fine_a &_o 156_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n of_o cleve_n 9_o carrat_n ½_n grain_n fine_a &_o 156_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n of_o fran._n friar_n 9_o carrat_n fine_a &_o 156_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n of_o the_o dog_n and_o cat_n 12_o ½_n carrot_fw-la sine_fw-la and_o 136_o ½_n piece_n the_o nine_o stivers_n piece_n of_o batenborgh_n and_o frise_n seven_o carrat_n one_o grain_n and_o 176_o piece_n the_o gulielmus_fw-la ducat_n of_o batenborgh_n twenty_o one_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 52_o ½_n piece_n the_o other_o ducat_n of_o stephanus_n but_o nineteen_o carrats_n ½_n grain_n and_o 52_o ½_n piece_n the_o ducat_n of_o nimeghen_fw-mi with_o stephen_n twenty_o one_o carrat_n one_o grain_n and_o 52_o ½_n piece_n the_o new_a ducat_n of_o saint_n victor_n pancratius_n vict._n batenborgh_n w._n b._n margarite_n toren_n petrus_n rechem_n george_n rechem_n twenty_o one_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 106_o ½_n piece_n the_o ducat_n victor_n h._n b._n 20_o ½_n carrat_n fine_a and_o all_o 106_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n water_n ducat_n and_o the_o ½_n 20_o ½_n carrat_n fine_a and_o all_o 106_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n marry_o of_o batenborgh_n 20_o ½_n carrat_n fine_a and_o all_o 106_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n ducat_n wirh_n the_o chequer_n 20_o carrat_n fine_a and_o all_o 106_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n ducat_n of_o denmark_n 20_o carrat_n fine_a and_o all_o 106_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n pancratius_n alleb_n h._n 19_o ½_n carrat_n fine_a and_o all_o 106_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n oswald_z ducat_n cusa_n 19_o ½_n carrat_n fine_a and_o all_o 106_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o ducat_n of_o nimmeghen_fw-mi 1569_o fine_a eighteen_o carrat_n two_o grain_n and_o 108_o piece_n new_a angel_n coin_a heretofore_o of_o thoren_n 22_o carrat_n 1_o ½_n grain_n and_o all_o 72_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n of_o horn_n 22_o carrat_n 1_o ½_n grain_n and_o all_o 72_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n of_o batenb_n 21_o carrat_n 3_o grain_n and_o all_o 72_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n of_o viana_n 18_o carrat_n 3_o grain_n and_o all_o 72_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n of_o h._n m_o 17_o carrat_n and_o all_o 72_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o scot_n pistolet_n nineteen_o carrat_n two_o grain_n ½_n fine_a and_o 108_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o rider_n with_o the_o loaf_n fine_a 10_o ½_n carrat_n and_o 114_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o pistolet_n dilege_n and_o legion_n fine_a eighteen_o carrat_n and_o 108_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o ducat_n ferdinand_n of_o batenborgh_n 19_o ½_n carrat_n and_o 106_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o ducat_n ferdinand_n and_o carolus_n of_o horn_n eighteen_o carrat_n and_o 106_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o double_a ducat_n of_o albertus_n of_o austria_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n 3_o grain_n fine_a 52_o ½_n piece_n the_o single_a ducat_n of_o albertus_n of_o austria_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 78_o ¾_n piece_n the_o double_a three_o part_n of_o the_o say_v double_a ducat_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 70_o ½_n piece_n the_o single_a three_o part_n of_o the_o say_a ducat_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 126_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o unite_v piece_n call_v jacobus_n of_o england_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n and_o thirty_o six_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o rider_n of_o the_o unite_v low_a province_n also_o twenty_o two_o carrat_n and_o 36_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o half_a jacobus_n and_o rider_n according_o in_o fineness_n and_o piece_n the_o ducat_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n with_o the_o letter_n 22_o carrat_n and_o 105_o piece_n the_o new_a twenty_o shilling_n piece_n of_o england_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 39_o ⅗_n piece_n the_o half_a and_o four_o part_n of_o it_o according_o the_o scot_n piece_n of_o the_o cross_a dagger_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 72_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o scot_n rider_n of_o twenty_o two_o carrat_n and_o some_o of_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o scot_n pistolet_n note_v that_o here_o be_v set_v down_o many_o species_n or_o piece_n of_o gold_n which_o be_v little_a or_o none_o at_o all_o to_o be_v find_v and_o although_o some_o be_v find_v in_o great_a quantity_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o make_v currant_n in_o the_o unite_a province_n by_o their_o last_o valuation_n of_o the_o one_o &_o twentieth_o day_n of_o july_n 1622_o hereafter_o declare_v the_o like_a be_v in_o the_o reconcile_v province_n under_o the_o archdutches_n isabel_n clara_n eugenia_n of_o austria_n as_o also_o in_o germany_n so_o that_o the_o general_a knowledge_n of_o they_o all_o may_v give_v to_o every_o man_n better_a satisfaction_n and_o the_o like_a must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o silver_n coin_n of_o all_o country_n hereafter_o declare_v with_o some_o addition_n of_o mere_a copper_n coin_n and_o whereas_o the_o stiver_n be_v the_o fundamental_a coin_n whereof_o twenty_o make_v the_o guilder_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o sixteen_o copper_n penny_n be_v reckon_v in_o holland_n and_o those_o unite_a province_n for_o one_o stiver_n and_o so_o be_v the_o say_a stiver_n two_o groat_n flemish_a call_v half_a stivers_n every_o half_a stiver_n eight_o penny_n hollandt_n also_o twenty_o four_o mite_n be_v a_o stiver_n in_o the_o other_o country_n etc._n etc._n a_o declaration_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o silver_n concern_v their_o finesse_n and_o number_n of_o piece_n in_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n troy_n every_o ounce_n weigh_v twenty_o penny_n weight_n and_o every_o penny_n weight_n twenty_o and_o four_o grain_n and_o contain_v likewise_o in_o finesse_n twelve_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n twenty_o penny_n weight_n and_o every_o penny_n weight_n twenty_o and_o four_o grain_n calculate_v for_o the_o foreign_a coin_n upon_o the_o mark_n weight_n of_o eight_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n twenty_o penny_n weight_n and_o every_o penny_n weight_n twenty_o and_o four_o grain_n in_o weight_n and_o likewise_o in_o finesse_n twelve_o ounce_n twenty_o penny_n weight_n and_o 24_o grain_n unnecessary_a fraction_n omit_v as_o near_o as_o convenient_o can_v be_v computate_v etc._n etc._n the_o philip_n doller_n ten_o ounce_n fine_a and_z 10_o 5_o 7_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n weight_n the_o half_a the_o four_o the_o five_o and_o ten_o part_n according_o that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o of_o ten_o ounce_n fine_a and_o piece_n 21_o 3_o 7_o 42_o 6_o 7_o 53_o 4_o 7_o and_o 107_o 1_o 7_o to_o the_o pound_n the_o twenty_o part_n of_o the_o say_v doller_n five_o ounce_n fine_a and_o 107_o ¼_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o forty_o part_n of_o the_o say_v doller_n five_o ounce_n fine_a and_o 214_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o carolus_n gueldren_n or_o ⅔_n of_o the_o say_v doller_n ten_o ounce_n
so_o be_o endanger_v to_o my_o neighbour_n for_o my_o necessary_a payment_n it_o be_v great_a reason_n that_o my_o debtor_n bear_v my_o loss_n rather_o than_o i_o shall_v sustain_v harm_n or_o danger_n for_o my_o good_a will_n and_o this_o be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o gain_n to_o be_v take_v improper_a usury_n ex_fw-la damno_fw-la habito_fw-la improper_a ex_fw-la damno_fw-la habito_fw-la and_o it_o be_v so_o be_v improper_o call_v interest_n in_o defence_n of_o usury_n in_o like_a manner_n if_o a_o shopkeeper_n lend_v money_n free_o to_o his_o neighbour_n till_o such_o a_o day_n have_v then_o occasion_n to_o use_v it_o at_o some_o fair_a to_o lay_v it_o out_o in_o ware_n if_o he_o break_v touch_v the_o shopkeeper_n may_v in_o justice_n take_v the_o benefit_n for_o his_o money_n lose_v the_o profit_n which_o he_o shall_v have_v have_v by_o the_o ware_n which_o he_o be_v hinder_v to_o buy_v cessante_fw-la exit_fw-la lucro_fw-la cessante_fw-la and_o this_o be_v take_v for_o lucro_fw-la cessante_fw-la but_o in_o neither_o of_o these_o be_v a_o intention_n to_o deliver_v money_n at_o interest_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v better_a for_o they_o to_o deliver_v their_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o that_o therein_o they_o be_v less_o to_o be_v evil_o think_v on_o than_o by_o deal_v upon_o usury_n but_o this_o difference_n consist_v only_o in_o the_o name_n for_o they_o have_v both_o a_o intention_n of_o gain_n upon_o money_n and_o do_v bear_v a_o adventure_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o money_n whereas_o the_o one_o be_v bind_v to_o receive_v but_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o most_o exchange_n difference_n of_o gain_n by_o usury_n and_o exchange_n and_o the_o other_o do_v expect_v fifteen_o or_o twenty_o upon_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o least_o only_o in_o regard_n he_o do_v bear_v a_o adventure_n to_o lose_v by_o exchange_n which_o be_v very_o seldom_o but_o still_o the_o intention_n remain_v which_o shall_v be_v the_o sure_a guide_n of_o conscience_n to_o take_v away_o all_o counterfeit_a pretence_n the_o venetian_n and_o other_o allow_v no_o interest_n at_o all_o but_o approve_v the_o benefit_n and_o course_n of_o exchange_n although_o it_o be_v above_o interest_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a rule_n usury_n be_v weigh_v straight_o in_o regard_n of_o charity_n albeit_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o otherwise_o that_o the_o borrower_n have_v sin_v therefore_o in_o such_o case_n circumstance_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o then_o judgement_n to_o be_v give_v according_o if_o i_o deal_v with_o a_o merchant_n that_o make_v gain_v of_o my_o money_n with_o his_o trade_n and_o commerce_n and_o be_v well_o able_a to_o pay_v i_o again_o be_v chief_o enrich_v by_o my_o mean_n why_o shall_v not_o i_o in_o reason_n have_v part_n of_o his_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n when_o by_o my_o good_n he_o be_v grow_v rich_a suppose_v four_o man_n be_v become_v partner_n two_o do_v disburse_v large_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o the_o other_o employ_v their_o labour_n and_o industry_n to_o make_v by_o lawful_a trade_n a_o great_a benefit_n thereby_o be_v it_o not_o reason_n that_o the_o other_o two_o although_o they_o be_v idle_a at_o home_n shall_v have_v part_n of_o the_o benefit_n you_o will_v say_v you_o hold_v this_o reasonable_a for_o it_o be_v not_o usury_n at_o all_o but_o these_o two_o man_n take_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o for_o their_o money_n nay_o than_o you_o reply_v and_o say_v it_o be_v usury_n although_o the_o other_o two_o have_v get_v thirty_o in_o the_o hundred_o by_o it_o how_o can_v this_o be_v a_o bite_a usury_n answer_n objection_n answer_n but_o they_o have_v not_o bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o condition_v a_o certainty_n the_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o have_v not_o only_o bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o many_o other_o casualty_n beside_o and_o in_o trust_v they_o that_o have_v no_o mean_n of_o their_o own_o well_o therefore_o say_v you_o i_o will_v not_o deliver_v my_o money_n but_o to_o rich_a man_n herein_o you_o show_v no_o charity_n and_o may_v be_v deceive_v too_o for_o you_o know_v not_o what_o money_n a_o man_n have_v in_o his_o purse_n so_o that_o your_o conscience_n be_v still_o the_o sure_a guide_n to_o direct_v you_o with_o prudence_n as_o the_o loadstone_n do_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o pole_n so_o much_o for_o particular_a person_n now_o come_v to_o examine_v what_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v do_v concern_v usury_n we_o find_v that_o both_o before_o the_o conquest_n and_o after_o usury_n have_v be_v banish_v by_o some_o king_n and_o by_o some_o other_o king_n it_o have_v be_v tolerate_v according_a to_o the_o time_n and_o occasion_n king_n edgar_z before_o the_o conquest_n do_v utter_o forbid_v all_o usury_n realm_n banker_n send_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n so_o do_v king_n edward_n the_o first_o who_o do_v send_v out_o of_o this_o realm_n as_o well_o the_o italian_a banker_n that_o come_v from_o pope_n gregory_n the_o ten_o call_v cursini_fw-la as_o all_o manner_n of_o jew_n who_o do_v mighty_o oppress_v the_o realm_n to_o omit_v what_o other_o king_n have_v do_v we_o know_v that_o henry_n the_o eight_o in_o the_o 37_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n make_v a_o statute_n whereby_o none_o be_v suffer_v to_o take_v above_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o upon_o loan_n either_o for_o ware_n or_o money_n and_o this_o be_v repeal_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o anno_fw-la 5_o edw._n 6_o which_o afterward_o be_v find_v against_o policy_n be_v abrogate_a so_o the_o statute_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v succeed_v which_o do_v tolerate_v the_o say_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o which_o be_v of_o such_o strength_n and_o continuance_n at_o this_o present_a that_o king_n james_n himself_o be_v content_v to_o allow_v the_o say_a rate_n to_o the_o londoner_n for_o some_o money_n borrow_v of_o they_o wherein_o as_o i_o say_v before_o time_n and_o occasion_n do_v alter_v thing_n and_o as_o the_o case_n for_o the_o present_a stand_v with_o england_n and_o foreign_a nation_n we_o have_v usury_n like_o a_o wolf_n by_o the_o ear_n dangerous_a to_o be_v keep_v and_o more_o dangerous_a to_o abandon_v the_o same_o this_o usury_n be_v indeed_o exercise_v to_o the_o poor_a or_o to_o the_o rich_a without_o respect_n of_o damage_n ensue_v become_v intolerable_a but_o in_o case_n of_o interest_n when_o time_n of_o payment_n be_v neglect_v in_o the_o state_n of_o orphan_n in_o mutual_a hazard_n or_o in_o hazard_n public_a allowable_a where_o usury_n be_v allowable_a simple_o to_o disallow_v it_o be_v to_o cut_v off_o all_o trade_n and_o commerce_n or_o reparation_n of_o damage_n and_o to_o go_v about_o to_o remedy_v a_o mischief_n with_o a_o great_a inconvenience_n the_o law_n of_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n do_v therefore_o moderate_a the_o course_n of_o usury_n which_o be_v much_o to_o be_v regard_v where_o the_o word_n be_v thus_o as_o follow_v vsuris_fw-la 1._o coâ—_n c._n de_fw-fr vsuris_fw-la we_o have_v think_v necessary_a to_o make_v a_o general_a law_n or_o statute_n touch_v the_o quantity_n of_o usury_n bring_v the_o old_a hard_a and_o most_o grecuous_a weight_n of_o the_o same_o to_o a_o certain_a moderate_a stay_n or_o mean_a rate_n therefore_o we_o command_v those_o noble_a man_n that_o be_v earl_n or_o their_o better_n that_o they_o do_v not_o make_v any_o stipulation_n or_o firm_a bargain_n by_o any_o manner_n of_o contract_n whatsoever_o great_a or_o less_o for_o usury_n or_o gain_n to_o be_v have_v above_o four_o in_o the_o hundred_o those_o that_o be_v guardian_n or_o governor_n over_o handiecraft_n man_n or_o place_n where_o artificer_n do_v work_v or_o else_o do_v use_v any_o lawful_a trade_n of_o merchandise_n we_o will_v that_o they_o shall_v moderate_v their_o stipulation_n or_o firm_a promise_n take_v in_o any_o bargain_n to_o eight_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o as_o for_o those_o that_o do_v adventure_v their_o good_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o put_v out_o their_o substance_n upon_o their_o own_o hazard_n such_o may_v lawful_o demand_v by_o firm_a promise_n to_o receive_v twelve_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o in_o no_o wise_a to_o take_v above_o that_o rate_n although_o by_o the_o old_a roman_a statute_n it_o have_v be_v lawful_a to_o exceed_v and_o we_o will_v that_o all_o other_o man_n shall_v take_v only_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o above_o the_o principal_a and_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o excess_n in_o no_o wise_a to_o be_v enlarge_v in_o other_o contract_n where_o usury_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v demand_v without_o stipulation_n or_o covenant_n make_v neither_o shall_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o the_o judge_n to_o increase_v the_o foresay_a taxation_n or_o rate_n make_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o custom_n use_v in_o any_o country_n etc._n etc._n this_o imperial_a civil_a law_n have_v
have_v spend_v time_n labour_n and_o no_o small_a charge_n in_o hope_n that_o hereafter_o it_o may_v do_v good_a to_o the_o public_a house_n pawn_v house_n if_o some_o divine_a be_v move_v to_o further_a it_o the_o first_o be_v according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o amsterdam_n to_o which_o end_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o petition_n of_o honest_a and_o religious_a man_n his_o majesty_n subject_n be_v as_o follow_v first_o that_o authority_n be_v give_v to_o a._n b._n to_o erect_v pawne-house_n in_o all_o convenient_a place_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o the_o dominion_n of_o wales_n for_o and_o during_o the_o term_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o all_o person_n and_o person_n shall_v and_o may_v have_v at_o all_o convenient_a time_n money_n upon_o pawn_n of_o or_o upon_o all_o movable_a good_n chattel_n and_o lease_n or_o any_o thing_n which_o shall_v be_v agree_v upon_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o by_o the_o year_n that_o the_o undertaker_n may_v be_v authorise_v or_o licence_v to_o take_v for_o the_o attendance_n labour_n and_o pain_n recompense_n of_o officer_n and_o servant_n wage_n house-rent_n and_o all_o other_o charge_v incident_a thereunto_o as_o follow_v for_o register_n and_o keep_n of_o all_o pawn_n that_o do_v amount_v to_o fifty_o pound_n or_o more_o one_o farthing_n for_o every_o pound_n by_o the_o month_n for_o all_o pawn_n that_o do_v amount_v to_o ten_o pound_n or_o more_o until_o fifty_o pound_n for_o every_o pound_n one_o half_a penny_n by_o the_o month_n for_o all_o pawn_n that_o do_v not_o amount_v to_o ten_o pound_n for_o every_o pound_n one_o penny_n by_o the_o month_n for_o every_o bill_n give_v for_o pawn_n under_o ten_o pound_n one_o penny_n and_o be_v of_o ten_o pound_n or_o above_o whatsoever_o it_o come_v unto_o but_o two_o penny_n with_o such_o clause_n condition_n and_o caution_n as_o shall_v be_v requisite_a for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o say_a undertaker_n and_o agreeable_a with_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n pay_v unto_o the_o king_n majesty_n a_o reasonable_a sum_n of_o money_n yearly_a etc._n etc._n the_o say_v allowance_n be_v inferior_a to_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n his_o law_n and_o will_v be_v find_v very_o reasonable_a consider_v that_o by_o the_o toleration_n of_o usury_n politic_a man_n can_v deliver_v their_o money_n in_o very_a great_a sum_n at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o free_o and_o without_o such_o trouble_n chap._n xiii_o of_o mons_fw-la pietatis_fw-la or_o bank_n of_o charity_n the_o second_o mean_a to_o suppress_v the_o bite_a usury_n of_o extortion_n upon_o the_o common_a people_n be_v by_o provide_v a_o course_n that_o they_o may_v have_v money_n upon_o pawn_n without_o pay_v any_o interest_n or_o usury_n for_o the_o loan_n of_o it_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o bridge_n in_o flanders_n which_o be_v more_o please_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o universal_a as_o the_o pawn_n house_n be_v where_o great_a sum_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o accommodate_v merchant_n and_o all_o man_n to_o prevent_v the_o general_a abuse_n albeit_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o extortion_n upon_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n be_v more_o heinous_a and_o detestable_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o that_o take_v usury_n of_o the_o poor_a be_v more_o punish_v than_o he_o that_o do_v steal_v from_o the_o rich_a as_o be_v before_o declare_v in_o italy_n there_o be_v montes_n pietatis_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v mount_n or_o bank_n of_o charity_n place_n where_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v by_o legacy_n give_v for_o relief_n of_o the_o poor_a to_o borrow_v upon_o pawn_n and_o to_o pay_v only_o after_o three_o or_o four_o in_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o most_o to_o maintain_v the_o officer_n and_o to_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o such_o a_o erect_a mount_n for_o ever_o but_o the_o manner_n of_o bridge_n as_o aforesaid_a may_v be_v think_v more_o reasonable_a pay_v the_o officer_n out_o of_o the_o contribution_n which_o by_o their_o mean_n may_v be_v much_o increase_v according_a to_o the_o order_n which_o be_v hereafter_o declare_v usury_n money_n to_o be_v give_v to_o suppress_v usury_n for_o every_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o give_v for_o the_o suppression_n of_o intolerable_a and_o abominable_a usury_n the_o rich_a that_o be_v charitable_o dispose_v will_v give_v because_o usury_n politic_a shall_v not_o be_v bite_v the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n will_v be_v contributory_a because_o of_o the_o commodiousnes_n of_o it_o for_o who_o will_v not_o give_v six_o penny_n or_o twelve_o penny_n every_o quarter_n of_o the_o year_n when_o he_o may_v borrow_v a_o reasonable_a sum_n of_o money_n without_o pay_v any_o use_n for_o it_o for_o one_o year_n or_o a_o long_a time_n according_a to_o occasion_n i_o be_o sure_a of_o most_o man_n inclination_n by_o a_o attempt_n make_v of_o the_o practice_n hereof_o some_o year_n since_o for_o after_o the_o name_n take_v of_o above_o 1500_o person_n that_o be_v willing_a to_o contribute_v yearly_a and_o some_o divine_n and_o other_o that_o will_v lend_v free_o 50_o will_v 100_o will_v or_o more_o for_o some_o year_n and_o some_o 500_o will_v i_o make_v a_o alphabetical_a register_n of_o they_o which_o be_v deliver_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o great_a personage_n who_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o worthy_a of_o the_o honour_n thereof_o but_o to_o my_o remembrance_n it_o amount_v to_o some_o 2000_o will_v for_o money_n give_v and_o to_o be_v lend_v and_o above_o six_o hundred_o pound_n yearly_a during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o benefactor_n so_o that_o no_o man_n have_v cause_n to_o doubt_v of_o the_o collection_n of_o a_o great_a stock_n for_o so_o godly_a a_o work_n if_o authority_n be_v have_v when_o this_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o only_a hope_n and_o surmise_v thereof_o to_o the_o effect_v whereof_o i_o will_v be_v willing_a still_o to_o do_v my_o best_a endeavour_n now_o the_o order_n be_v as_o follow_v order_n to_o be_v observe_v for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o mount_n of_o charity_n consist_v of_o two_o house_n within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o the_o suburb_n thereof_o and_o one_o house_n at_o westminster_n where_o all_o man_n may_v borrow_v money_n in_o small_a sum_n without_o pay_v any_o use_n or_o loan_n for_o the_o same_o upon_o pawn_n to_o be_v deliver_v for_o caution_n or_o security_n of_o the_o say_a money_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o bridge_n in_o flanders_n and_o other_o country_n 1_o imprimis_fw-la that_o all_o man_n of_o what_o quality_n or_o condition_n soever_o they_o be_v be_v destitute_a of_o money_n shall_v have_v money_n at_o all_o convenient_a time_n without_o pay_v any_o use_n or_o loan_n for_o the_o same_o but_o deliver_v only_o a_o pawn_n of_o any_o movable_a thing_n so_o it_o be_v not_o above_o forty_o shilling_n at_o any_o one_o time_n until_o a_o competent_a stock_n be_v raise_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o say_a mount_n of_o charity_n for_o ever_o 2_o item_n whereas_o the_o say_a stock_n be_v raise_v and_o to_o be_v increase_v by_o mean_n of_o charitable_a and_o conscionable_a person_n which_o either_o do_v free_o lend_v money_n without_o take_v interest_n for_o the_o same_o or_o do_v free_o give_v in_o money_n and_o yearly_a contribution_n according_a to_o their_o virtuous_a disposition_n which_o money_n may_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n amount_v to_o a_o notable_a sum_n the_o treasurer_n general_a therefore_o shall_v be_v a_o man_n sufficient_a and_o of_o honest_a behaviour_n careful_a to_o appoint_v swear_v honest_a man_n upon_o surety_n to_o collect_v the_o say_v money_n and_o for_o keep_v of_o the_o pawn_n with_o their_o clerk_n and_o other_o attendant_n and_o the_o surueior_fw-fr of_o account_n shall_v be_v a_o man_n diligent_a and_o skilful_a in_o account_n all_o for_o the_o better_a encouragement_n of_o the_o say_v charitable_a giver_n and_o free_a lender_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o this_o charitable_a work_n 3_o item_n whereas_o the_o like_a house_n call_v saint_n george_n be_v heretofore_o erect_v at_o genova_n in_o italy_n by_o noble_a knight_n bind_v in_o honour_n to_o see_v the_o people_n relieve_v from_o oppression_n bite_v usury_n and_o extortion_n which_o by_o all_o virtuous_a knight_n be_v at_o all_o time_n approve_v and_o commend_v there_o shall_v be_v keep_v one_o pair_n of_o table_n in_o every_o house_n contain_v the_o name_n of_o such_o honourable_a person_n and_o virtuous_a knight_n '_o as_o shall_v be_v yearly_a contributaries_n by_o quarterly_a payment_n during_o their_o natural_a life_n or_o lend_v any_o sum_n of_o money_n gratis_o for_o a_o time_n together_o with_o the_o name_n of_o such_o well_o dispose_v person_n as_o by_o
to_o give_v twenty_o per_fw-la 100_o for_o the_o year_n and_o so_o from_o year_n to_o year_n and_o die_v the_o principal_a be_v they_o one_o hundred_o pound_n for_o eight_o life_n by_o equality_n decrease_v the_o penny_n 8_o be_v 12_o will_v 10_o ss_z for_o two_o life_n 11_o will_v 2_o ss_z for_o three_o life_n 10_o will_v for_o four_o life_n 9_o will_v 1_o ss_z 9_o penny_n be_v 6_o will_v 5_o ss_z for_o eight_o life_n the_o city_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v wont_a to_o give_v good_a consideration_n and_o do_v observe_v this_o order_n upon_o a_o hundred_o gelder_n for_n eight_o life_n give_v 16_o 13_o 4_o life_n observation_n of_o money_n deliver_v upon_o life_n of_o nine_o life_n 19_o 1_o 0_o upon_o ten_o life_n they_o give_v 22_o 4_o 5_o upon_o eleven_o life_n 26_o 13_o 4_o upon_o twelve_o life_n 33_o 6_o 8_o upon_o seven_o life_n 14_o 6_o 4_o upon_o six_o life_n 13_o 6_o 8_o here_o you_o be_v to_o remember_v the_o observation_n of_o assuror_n whether_o the_o person_n be_v young_a or_o old_a sober_a in_o their_o diet_n and_o behaviour_n much_o travel_v abroad_o or_o stay_v at_o home_n subject_a to_o sickness_n and_o the_o like_a consideration_n house_n rent_n upon_o house_n money_n deliver_v upon_o annuity_n for_o rent_n seem_v more_o reasonable_a than_o pension_n upon_o life_n because_o you_o bear_v only_o the_o adventure_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o house_n or_o destruction_n of_o they_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o much_o more_o shall_v be_v give_v without_o pawn_n than_o with_o pawn_n or_o mortgage_n it_o be_v commodious_a for_o a_o man_n have_v waste_a ground_n and_o intend_v to_o build_v upon_o they_o to_o take_v much_o money_n upon_o rent_n after_o 6_o ¼_n pro_fw-la cent_n which_o many_o city_n give_v continual_o to_o increase_v their_o wealth_n and_o inhabitant_n and_o because_o the_o valuation_n of_o their_o money_n do_v often_o alter_v and_o be_v enhance_v whereby_o all_o thing_n become_v dear_a specie_fw-la rent_n pay_v in_o specie_fw-la the_o party_n be_v advise_v to_o have_v their_o rent_n pay_v in_o specie_fw-la in_o crown_n dollar_n ducat_n to_o be_v pay_v as_o former_o they_o be_v currant_n the_o danger_n in_o time_n of_o war_n cause_v rent_n to_o decrease_v for_o the_o ancient_a rent_n be_v always_o first_o to_o be_v pay_v although_o all_o other_o be_v loser_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o denomination_n and_o division_n of_o money_n of_o diverse_a country_n the_o denomination_n division_n and_o subdivision_n of_o the_o money_n of_o all_o country_n be_v most_o necessary_a for_o merchant_n and_o all_o other_o to_o be_v know_v because_o without_o it_o they_o sail_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n without_o compass_n abandon_v at_o all_o uncertainty_n and_o danger_n to_o have_v true_a equality_n and_o equity_n observe_v in_o their_o buy_n and_o selling_n and_o that_o more_o especial_o if_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n be_v neglect_v as_o shall_v be_v declare_v hereafter_o some_o of_o these_o money_n be_v imaginary_a and_o some_o be_v substantial_a or_o real_a in_o specie_fw-la and_o yet_o not_o concur_v in_o price_n or_o value_n england_n england_n in_o england_n concern_v silver_n coin_n there_o be_v the_o crown_n of_o five_o shilling_n and_o the_o half_a crown_n of_o two_o shilling_n six_o penny_n the_o shilling_n the_o six_o penny_n the_o four_o penny_n or_o groat_n the_o three_o penny_n two_o penny_n three_o half_a penny_n the_o penny_n and_o half_a penny_n of_o sterling_a silver_n and_o the_o farthing_n of_o copper_n the_o ordinary_a golden_a coin_n be_v the_o unite_v piece_n of_o 22_o shilling_n the_o half_a of_o eleven_o shilling_n and_o the_o crown_n or_o quarter_n of_o five_o shilling_n six_o penny_n and_o the_o â…›_n part_v two_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n and_o the_o five_o piece_n coin_a at_o four_o shilling_n make_v twenty_o two_o shilling_n with_o the_o rose_n and_o the_o thistle_n the_o laureate_a king_n james_n of_o twenty_o two_o carrat_n fine_a of_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o the_o half_a piece_n scotland_n scotland_n in_o scotland_n be_v the_o cross_a dagger_n piece_n of_o eleven_o shilling_n and_o the_o half_a of_o it_o and_o their_o rider_n of_o ten_o shilling_n six_o penny_n and_o for_o their_o silver_n coin_v the_o mark_n piece_n value_v at_o 13_o penny_n ½_n in_o england_n and_o the_o half_a of_o the_o same_o as_o also_o six_o small_a piece_n of_o above_o two_o penny_n for_o the_o say_a mark_n ireland_n ireland_n in_o ireland_n where_o no_o mint_n have_v be_v since_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o of_o england_n the_o fifteen_o shilling_n sterling_a make_v twenty_o shilling_n irish_a and_o the_o silver_n harp_n of_o nine_o penny_n sterling_a be_v there_o currant_n for_o twelve_o penny_n and_o the_o moiety_n thereof_o according_o and_o the_o abovesaid_a gold_n coin_n be_v currant_n as_o in_o england_n or_o in_o sterling_a reduce_v into_o their_o irish_a money_n one_o three_o part_n more_o so_o that_o the_o twenty_o shilling_n piece_n of_o laureate_a king_n james_n be_v there_o four_o noble_n and_o all_o other_o division_n of_o it_o according_o so_o the_o english_a shilling_n be_v sixteen_o penny_n irish_a and_o the_o part_n of_o it_o according_o all_o other_o old_a irish_a coin_n be_v out_o of_o use_n and_o little_a quantity_n to_o be_v find_v of_o it_o in_o germany_n they_o make_v all_o their_o money_n by_o the_o account_n of_o batsen_n every_o bat_n four_o creutzer_n coin_v piece_n of_o three_o six_o germany_n germany_n and_o twelve_o creutzer_n so_o the_o ducat_n of_o hungary_n make_v 27_o batse_n the_o gold_n gelder_n eighteen_o batse_n the_o polish_v gelder_n or_o dolor_n fifteen_o batse_n teaston_n five_o batse_n the_o say_a gold_n gelder_n be_v value_n anno_fw-la 1520_o to_o be_v currant_n in_o holland_n for_o twenty_o eight_o stiver_n whereby_o their_o corn_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v which_o be_v erroneous_a and_o imaginary_a because_o there_o be_v no_o such_o piece_n in_o specie_fw-la so_o be_v the_o dolor_n and_o the_o silver_n gelder_n call_v gros_n or_o vnciales_n weigh_v a_o ounce_n the_o ancient_a roman_n call_v a_o ounce_n a_o gelder_n and_o the_o eight_o ounce_n make_v one_o mark_n and_o 12_o ounce_n or_o gelders_n be_v reckon_v for_o one_o pound_n and_o there_o be_v coin_a piece_n call_v nummi_fw-la dragmi_fw-la alius_fw-la grosleyn_n be_v the_o eight_o part_n of_o a_o dolor_n angelicy_n be_v the_o â…™_n of_o a_o dolor_n make_v three_o batse_n or_o twelve_o creutzer_n call_v schriekenborger_n the_o say_v angelici_fw-la be_v tribute_n peny_n which_o be_v allay_v and_o make_v worse_o do_v obtain_v the_o name_n of_o bat_n as_o it_o be_v seek_v of_o a_o benefit_n which_o since_o have_v be_v more_o embase_v and_o therefore_o deserve_v that_o name_n of_o batse_n they_o be_v call_v in_o thuringia_n gulielmi_n and_o in_o bohemia_n bohemici_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o say_a tribute_n whereof_o they_o have_v also_o 12_o piece_n divide_o for_o 12_o penny_n which_o penny_n be_v all_o germany_n over_o two_o heller_n by_o way_n of_o account_n the_o dolor_n be_v first_o make_v upon_o sixty_o and_o five_o creutzer_n which_o in_o those_o coin_n so_o embase_v be_v answer_v by_o 72_o creutzers_n and_o in_o othâ—â—_n city_n of_o germany_n they_o reckon_v as_o follow_v upon_o diverse_a coin_n 〈◊〉_d make_v and_o some_o imaginary_a at_o augusta_n they_o have_v small_a money_n gross_v of_o three_o batse_n augusta_n augusta_n lion_n piece_n whereof_o two_o make_v a_o creutzer_n the_o blackepennie_n four_o to_o one_o creutzer_n snubourgh_n blaphart_n or_o bohomicos_fw-la of_o three_o and_o 3_o ½_n creutzer_n the_o rycke_v dolor_n be_v thirty_o albes_fw-la of_o eight_o penny_n every_o albe_n or_o seventie_o and_o two_o creutzer_n for_o the_o say_a dolor_n at_o frankford_n they_o divide_v their_o florin_n of_o sixty_o creutzer_n frankford_n frankford_n by_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o every_o shilling_n in_o twelve_o heller_n according_a to_o the_o pound_n at_o norenbourgh_n in_o like_a manner_n and_o the_o creutzer_n be_v four_o penny_n norenborough_n norenborough_n every_o penny_n two_o heller_n and_o five_o penny_n call_v a_o fynfer_v or_o five_o pennick_n at_o strasborough_n they_o use_v blapharts_n gross_v strasborough_n strasborough_n bohemicos_fw-la of_o three_o creutzer_n every_o blaphart_n six_o penny_n of_o two_o heller_n or_o four_o ortlyn_n at_o bohemia_n as_o in_o germany_n and_o the_o bohemici_n bohemia_n bohemia_n be_v whitgrosse_v of_o three_o creutzer_n the_o doller_n be_v twenty_o four_o bohemicos_fw-la of_o twelve_o angster_n every_o bohemico_fw-la ten_o penny_n and_o one_o mark_n be_v forty_o bohemicos_fw-la and_o scoc_n be_v sixty_o bohemicos_fw-la vienna_n vienna_n at_o vienna_n the_o rycke_v doller_n be_v eight_o shilling_n and_o the_o ducat_n twelve_o shilling_n trioll_n trioll_n at_o trioll_n the_o doller_n at_o seventie_o two_o creutzer_n of_o five_o fynfer_v or_o heller_n the_o creutzer_n hungary_n hungary_n
follower_n and_o subject_n with_o better_a pay_n worthy_a of_o perpetual_a remembrance_n be_v that_o noble_a prince_n king_n henry_n the_o seven_o seven_o notable_a example_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o in_o his_o singular_a wisdom_n and_o policy_n know_v how_o prince_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v wrong_v by_o their_o officer_n in_o the_o dispose_n of_o their_o treasure_n by_o fraudulent_a and_o deceitful_a account_n which_o either_o by_o ignorance_n or_o otherwise_o by_o connivance_n do_v pass_v do_v himself_o with_o great_a facility_n take_v a_o inspection_n in_o all_o his_o exchequer_n account_n by_o a_o abstract_n of_o the_o say_a account_n enter_v in_o a_o book_n by_o some_o experience_a and_o skilful_a man_n in_o account_n whereunto_o his_o highness_n do_v subscribe_v his_o royal_a signature_n before_o the_o officer_n upon_o good_a certificate_n make_v to_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n can_v have_v their_o quietus_n est_fw-la pass_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o the_o faid_a king_n be_v please_v many_o time_n to_o enter_v into_o particular_a examination_n of_o some_o of_o the_o account_n whereby_o he_o do_v strike_v a_o terror_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o officer_n so_o that_o they_o become_v more_o careful_a and_o dare_v not_o commit_v any_o fraud_n or_o deceit_n by_o combination_n or_o toleration_n but_o his_o treasure_n be_v due_o administer_v and_o preserve_v this_o signature_n of_o the_o king_n in_o the_o say_a book_n be_v extant_a to_o be_v see_v in_o his_o majesty_n exchequer_n four_o providence_n of_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o urgent_a necessity_n cause_v the_o late_a french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o when_o he_o be_v king_n of_o navarre_n to_o be_v present_a in_o the_o dispose_n of_o his_o treasure_n in_o so_o much_o that_o afterward_o in_o possess_v the_o diadem_n of_o all_o france_n and_o call_v to_o remembrance_n his_o former_a observation_n by_o compare_v thing_n to_o their_o first_o principle_n he_o find_v that_o of_o every_o french_a crown_n be_v sixty_o sou_n which_o his_o coffer_n shall_v receive_v there_o come_v not_o above_o the_o four_o part_n de_fw-fr claro_fw-la unto_o he_o whereupon_o by_o root_a out_o of_o corruption_n depose_v of_o needless_a officer_n profitable_a emption_n of_o thing_n necessary_a and_o by_o wise_a dispose_n of_o they_o he_o bring_v è_fw-la contrario_fw-la three_o part_n of_o every_o crown_n unto_o his_o coffer_n and_o do_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n accumulate_v a_o very_a great_a treasure_n and_o yet_o do_v he_o increase_v officer_n fee_n according_a to_o the_o alteration_n of_o time_n which_o by_o accidental_a cause_n have_v make_v every_o thing_n dear_a account_n factor_n account_n thus_o much_o obiter_fw-la now_o if_o a_o merchant_n be_v also_o a_o factor_n for_o other_o in_o the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n deliver_v of_o money_n at_o interest_n and_o by_o deal_n in_o exchange_n and_o râ—changes_n have_v factoridge_n allow_v unto_o he_o for_o the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o merchant_n some_o more_o and_o some_o less_o as_o they_o agree_v betweâ—ne_v they_o the_o difference_n in_o keep_v other_o man_n account_n with_o who_o they_o have_v any_o correspondence_n be_v but_o small_a for_o if_o it_o be_v for_o good_n or_o merchandise_n sell_v they_o will_v entitle_v the_o account_n good_n of_o the_o account_n of_o such_o a_o man_n do_v owe_v unto_o cash_n such_o a_o sum_n pay_v for_o custom_n and_o charge_n or_o if_o it_o be_v for_o good_n buy_v he_o will_v do_v the_o like_a and_o discharge_v the_o account_n by_o make_v the_o say_a merchant_n debtor_n or_o creditor_n for_o it_o be_v as_o the_o say_a account_n require_v which_o he_o do_v also_o charge_n with_o factoridge_n or_o provision_n for_o his_o sallarie_n and_o therefore_o all_o factor_n keep_v a_o particular_a account_n to_o know_v what_o they_o have_v get_v by_o factoridge_n or_o provision_n at_o the_o year_n end_n and_o then_o they_o charge_v that_o account_n with_o their_o charge_n and_o all_o such_o expense_n as_o they_o have_v be_v at_o and_o the_o remainder_n be_v post_v to_o capital_a as_o in_o the_o account_n of_o profit_n or_o loss_n whereupon_o some_o other_o do_v bring_v their_o charge_n and_o expense_n and_o so_o carry_v all_o the_o provision_n to_o capital_a or_o stock_n herein_o every_o man_n may_v use_v his_o pleasure_n for_o this_o manner_n of_o account_n afford_v many_o distinction_n all_o which_o several_a branch_n or_o member_n of_o account_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o make_v up_o the_o the_o complete_a body_n for_o by_o the_o dismember_n of_o a_o account_n account_n dismember_a of_o account_n separate_v every_o thing_n in_o his_o proper_a nature_n you_o be_v enable_v to_o find_v out_o many_o error_n and_o intricatenes_n of_o account_n by_o reduce_v the_o body_n of_o it_o to_o his_o perfection_n in_o this_o place_n may_v be_v expect_v a_o declaration_n of_o the_o several_a coin_n or_o calculation_n of_o money_n wherein_o the_o book_n of_o merchant_n account_n be_v keep_v beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o because_o the_o same_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o several_a exchange_n between_o country_n and_o country_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o refer_v the_o same_o in_o the_o proper_a place_n of_o exchange_n hereafter_o follow_v and_o to_o conclude_v this_o second_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la with_o that_o notable_a question_n make_v by_o the_o civilians_n account_n a_o question_n make_v by_o civilians_n about_o book_n of_o account_n whether_o a_o merchant_n or_o a_o banker_n keep_v two_o book_n of_o account_n the_o one_o concern_v the_o money_n of_o his_o bank_n and_o the_o other_o touch_v trade_n of_o merchandise_n for_o ware_n shall_v be_v censure_v alike_o for_o such_o money_n as_o he_o owe_v unto_o his_o creditor_n so_o that_o the_o creditor_n after_o his_o decease_n shall_v all_o stand_v in_o equal_a degree_n to_o be_v pay_v either_o in_o the_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n if_o the_o banker_n estate_n be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o herein_o the_o judge_n of_o merchant_n do_v make_v no_o difference_n but_o the_o civilians_n have_v make_v a_o great_a distinction_n therein_o and_o they_o say_v that_o the_o book_n of_o the_o bank_n be_v more_o to_o be_v credit_v than_o the_o other_o for_o say_v benuenuto_fw-mi straccha_n the_o book_n of_o the_o bank_n be_v keep_v public_o and_o the_o other_o as_o it_o be_v secret_a to_o himself_o so_o that_o the_o creditor_n of_o the_o one_o be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o other_o as_o be_v two_o negotiation_n and_o to_o be_v deal_v therein_o according_a to_o their_o several_a nature_n and_o the_o mean_n thereof_o extant_a with_o such_o consideration_n as_o may_v be_v incident_a thereunto_o to_o declare_v my_o own_o opinion_n i_o say_v that_o the_o canon_n and_o civil_a law_n make_v no_o distinction_n in_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o testator_n debt_n between_o money_n owe_v for_o ware_n or_o for_o interest_n there_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v any_o difference_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o debt_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o book_n of_o account_n *_o âŽ_o *_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o part._n the_o three_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o ancient_a law-merchant_n concern_v exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n compare_v to_o the_o spirit_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n have_v in_o the_o first_o and_o second_o part_n of_o this_o book_n entreat_v of_o the_o body_n and_o soul_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n and_o money_n let_v we_o now_o handle_v the_o predominant_a part_n of_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n which_o be_v the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o foreign_a part_n compare_v to_o the_o spirit_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n for_o as_o money_n do_v infuse_v life_n to_o commodity_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n prevent_v advantage_n between_o buyer_n and_o seller_n so_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v seat_v every_o where_n corroborate_v the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o traffic_n direct_v and_o control_v by_o just_a proportion_n the_o price_n and_o value_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n as_o shall_v be_v declare_v many_o man_n can_v well_o discern_v the_o distinction_n of_o the_o spirit_n in_o sundry_a matter_n because_o man_n consist_v of_o body_n and_o soul_n that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o spirit_n be_v comprise_v under_o the_o name_n soul_n but_o if_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o understand_v the_o necessary_a distinction_n hereof_o reason_n in_o the_o theoric_n part_n will_v demonstrate_v the_o same_o in_o the_o practic_n part_n of_o this_o discourse_n of_o exchange_n saint_n paul_n in_o the_o late_a end_n of_o his_o second_o epistle_n to_o the_o thessalonian_o wish_v a_o sanctification_n to_o their_o spirit_n and_o soul_n 5.23_o 2._o thess._n 5.23_o and_o
their_o body_n until_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n for_o albeit_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n be_v right_o term_v to_o be_v the_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n man_n the_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v the_o spirit_n of_o man_n yet_o the_o part_n of_o the_o soul_n concern_v understanding_n and_o will_n have_v their_o proper_a relation_n for_o that_o part_n call_v understanding_n be_v seat_v chief_o in_o the_o soul_n as_o will_n be_v in_o the_o spirit_n both_o to_o be_v accompany_v with_o knowledge_n the_o philosopher_n have_v make_v this_o distinction_n by_o their_o chemical_a observation_n and_o such_o as_o place_v the_o soul_n in_o the_o blood_n disperse_v through_o all_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o body_n do_v also_o place_v the_o will_n of_o man_n in_o the_o spirit_n reside_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n which_o the_o anatomist_n demonstrate_v to_o be_v a_o little_a concavitie_n where_o the_o drop_n of_o the_o vital_a blood_n be_v place_v in_o the_o heart_n which_o be_v fear_v up_o and_o the_o place_n be_v shrink_v in_o body_n which_o have_v be_v poison_v to_o make_v application_n of_o this_o comparison_n between_o the_o soul_n and_o spirit_n comparison_n application_n of_o the_o comparison_n we_o shall_v find_v by_o the_o follow_a discourse_n that_o even_o as_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n be_v predominant_a over_o the_o soul_n and_o body_n in_o all_o the_o action_n thereof_o which_o by_o the_o blood_n be_v quicken_v and_o preserve_v even_o so_o be_v the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n overrule_a the_o course_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n in_o all_o place_n where_o the_o action_n of_o money_n be_v feel_v or_o see_v direct_v the_o same_o by_o some_o due_a proportion_n according_o chap._n i._o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o exchange_n for_o money_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n for_o as_o we_o have_v declare_v the_o first_o silver_n money_n coin_a by_o the_o roman_n be_v almost_o 1900_o year_n since_o and_o even_o as_o money_n be_v invent_v to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o best_a metal_n to_o avoid_v the_o troublesome_a carriage_n of_o commodity_n up_o and_o down_o and_o from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o so_o upon_o the_o like_a consideration_n when_o other_o nation_n imitate_v the_o roman_n do_v coin_n money_n exchange_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o exchange_n exchange_n by_o bill_n for_o money_n be_v devise_v to_o avoid_v both_o the_o danger_n and_o adventure_n of_o money_n and_o the_o troublesome_a carriage_n thereof_o this_o money_n now_o be_v make_v by_o diverse_a nation_n of_o several_a standard_n and_o diverse_a stamp_n and_o inscription_n as_o a_o mark_n of_o sovereignty_n cause_v they_o to_o appoint_v a_o certain_a exchange_n for_o the_o permutation_n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o coin_n in_o diverse_a country_n without_o any_o transportation_n of_o the_o coin_n but_o give_v par_n pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n with_o a_o certain_a allowance_n to_o accommodate_v the_o merchant_n and_o the_o officer_n to_o execute_v the_o same_o be_v call_v numularij_fw-la argentarij_fw-la and_o collybistae_n that_o be_v to_o say_v numularij_fw-la of_o nummus_fw-la or_o the_o coin_n itself_o argentarij_fw-la because_o the_o silver_n coin_n be_v most_o usual_a in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o collybistae_n because_o it_o signify_v a_o reward_n for_o exchange_v here_o now_o let_v we_o observe_v four_o manner_n of_o exchange_n which_o have_v be_v use_v and_o in_o some_o country_n be_v yet_o continue_v albeit_o some_o of_o they_o be_v abrogate_a in_o england_n common_o call_v cambio_n commune_v cambio_n real_a cambio_n sicco_fw-it and_o cambio_n fictitio_fw-la which_o denomination_n may_v be_v admit_v the_o first_o manner_n of_o exchange_n call_v cambio_n commune_v commune_fw-la i_o cambio_n commune_fw-la be_v proper_o that_o exchange_n which_o the_o say_v collibistae_fw-la or_o common_a exchanger_n do_v use_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o prince_n and_o commonweal_n for_o the_o lawful_a and_o current_a money_n of_o their_o kingdom_n and_o territory_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o expedient_a and_o necessary_a and_o be_v establish_v to_o prevent_v the_o exportation_n of_o money_n from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o country_n and_o these_o exchanger_n do_v deliver_v in_o all_o country_n the_o money_n in_o one_o specie_fw-la for_o the_o money_n in_o other_o species_n by_o they_o receive_v as_o aforesaid_a exchange_n table_n of_o exchange_n whereupon_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n cause_v certain_a table_n to_o be_v set_v up_o at_o dover_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o realm_n declare_v the_o value_n of_o the_o say_v sundry_a species_n of_o coin_n of_o all_o country_n traffic_v with_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o allowance_n which_o merchant_n be_v to_o give_v to_o have_v their_o turn_n serve_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o good_a law_n make_v in_o his_o time_n when_o there_o be_v money_n coin_a in_o diverse_a place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o not_o in_o one_o mint_n only_o within_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o this_o be_v long_o before_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o west-indies_n from_o whence_o the_o ocean_n of_o money_n do_v run_v into_o christendom_n and_o for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o say_a table_n all_o be_v at_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o king_n mint_n at_o london_n and_o with_o a_o correspondence_n of_o other_o mint_n namely_o at_o canturburie_n at_o kingston_n upon_o hull_n newcastle_n upon_o tine_n bristol_n and_o exeter_n and_o the_o exchanger_n for_o the_o king_n at_o london_n do_v also_o depute_v exchanger_n in_o the_o most_o place_n except_o that_o certain_a merchant_n of_o florence_n call_v friscobaldi_n be_v the_o king_n exchanger_n at_o kingston_n exchanger_n friscobaldi_n the_o exchanger_n newcastle_n and_o exeter_n who_o make_v the_o say_v exchange_n of_o value_n for_o value_n with_o a_o reasonable_a allowance_n and_o by_o their_o mean_n be_v all_o the_o say_a mint_n set_v on_o work_n and_o the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n be_v prevent_v for_o as_o bishop_n tursids_n book_n of_o arithmetic_n declare_v by_o give_v par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n there_o be_v no_o gain_n leave_v to_o the_o transporter_n the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v constitute_v these_o exchanger_n exchanger_n king_n exchanger_n even_o as_o the_o cambiadore_v and_o banker_n be_v use_v in_o other_o country_n be_v authorise_v by_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n of_o the_o say_a country_n especial_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o of_o england_n who_o have_v two_o exchanger_n the_o one_o call_v custos_fw-la cambij_fw-la infra_fw-la turrim_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n in_o buy_v of_o bullion_n and_o to_o look_v to_o the_o coinage_n of_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n now_o call_v the_o warden_n of_o the_o mint_n the_o other_o be_v call_v keeper_n of_o the_o exchange_n and_o rechange_v within_o or_o towards_o this_o realm_n for_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o specie_fw-la by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o afterward_o the_o say_a exchange_n be_v make_v without_o name_v the_o species_n but_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o several_a coin_n real_a 2_o cambio_z real_a and_o this_o be_v call_v cambium_n regis_fw-la or_o royal_a exchange_n which_o cause_v queen_n elizabeth_n to_o name_v the_o burse_n in_o london_n according_o this_o office_n appear_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o eleven_o year_n of_o the_o say_a king_n edw._n by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v at_o acton_n burnel_n since_o which_o time_n the_o succeed_a king_n and_o queen_n have_v continue_v the_o same_o by_o sixteen_o several_a letter_n patent_n and_o whereas_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o say_v two_o exchanger_n can_v not_o execute_v their_o office_n convenient_o be_v asunder_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o in_o henry_n the_o six_o his_o time_n a_o law_n be_v make_v by_o which_o both_o office_n be_v put_v into_o one_o man_n hand_n and_o so_o continue_v many_o year_n until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o discontinue_v exchange_n discontinue_v when_o he_o cause_v base_a money_n to_o be_v make_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o boulogne_n whereupon_o no_o certain_a exchange_n can_v be_v ground_v albeit_o that_o before_o that_o time_n in_o the_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o a_o old_a statute_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o graston_n the_o chronicle_n of_o graston_n that_o no_o person_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n contrary_a to_o the_o say_a meaning_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n upon_o pain_n to_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o king_n mortal_a enemy_n and_o to_o forfeit_v all_o that_o he_o may_v forfeit_v for_o in_o his_o noble_a father_n time_n king_n henry_n the_o seven_o the_o banker_n have_v invent_v a_o course_n of_o
of_o the_o sterling_a standard_n this_o be_v to_o be_v do_v only_o by_o his_o majesty_n proclamation_n according_a to_o the_o statut_fw-la of_o exchange_n prohibit_v that_o after_o three_o month_n next_o ensue_a the_o same_o no_o man_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n by_o bill_n or_o otherwise_o for_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o foreign_a part_n or_o to_o be_v rechange_v towards_o this_o realm_n under_o the_o true_a par_fw-fr or_o value_n for_o value_n of_o our_o money_n and_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n but_o at_o the_o say_a rate_n or_o above_o the_o same_o as_o merchant_n can_v agree_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o broker_n or_o among_o themselves_o wealth_n the_o way_n to_o restore_v england_n wealth_n but_o never_o under_o the_o say_a rate_n which_o shall_v be_v declare_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o table_n public_o to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o royal_a exchange_n in_o london_n according_a to_o the_o say_a proclamation_n and_o the_o say_a table_n shall_v be_v alter_v in_o price_n as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v minister_v beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o several_a respective_a place_n of_o exchange_n either_o by_o their_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n by_o valuation_n or_o by_o embase_v of_o the_o same_o by_o allay_n as_o have_v be_v note_v which_o by_o a_o vigilant_a eye_n may_v be_v observe_v and_o will_v be_v a_o cause_n to_o make_v other_o nation_n more_o constant_a in_o the_o course_n of_o their_o money_n and_o this_o will_v be_v execute_v more_o of_o course_n than_o by_o authority_n because_o gain_v do_v bear_v the_o sway_n and_o command_v with_o most_o man_n for_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n be_v here_o the_o deliverer_n of_o money_n general_o will_v easy_o be_v induce_v to_o make_v the_o most_o of_o his_o own_o receive_v by_o exchange_n more_o for_o our_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o english_a merchant_n be_v the_o taker_n of_o the_o say_a money_n will_v not_o be_v so_o inâ—urious_a to_o the_o state_n as_o to_o give_v less_o beyond_o the_o sea_n than_o the_o value_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n contrary_a to_o the_o say_a proclamation_n and_o if_o he_o will_v the_o deliverer_n will_v not_o let_v he_o have_v it_o beside_o that_o the_o taker_n occasion_n be_v enforce_v by_o necessity_n and_o he_o can_v be_v no_o loose_a for_o by_o direction_n he_o will_v sell_v his_o commodity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n according_o because_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n do_v still_o govern_v the_o sale_n and_o buy_v of_o commodity_n as_o aforesaid_a english_a merchant_n be_v the_o deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n alter_v there_o according_o will_v have_v the_o like_a consideration_n and_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n will_v provoke_v he_o thereunto_o and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o taker_n the_o english_a merchant_n may_v bring_v over_o the_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la wherein_o he_o shall_v become_v again_o the_o course_n be_v agreeable_a to_o justice_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o ius_fw-la gentium_fw-la and_o will_v not_o hinder_v the_o exchange_n to_o rise_v and_o fall_v as_o formerly_z but_o keep_v all_o in_o due_a order_n with_o these_o consideration_n caution_n and_o prevention_n as_o shall_v be_v set_v down_o to_o prevent_v all_o inconueniency_n proceed_v by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n which_o fall_v general_o upon_o all_o man_n in_o the_o endear_n of_o thing_n coin_n inconueniency_n of_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o coin_n &_o particular_o upon_o landlord_n and_o creditor_n in_o their_o rent_n and_o contract_n and_o especial_o upon_o the_o king_n majesty_n land_n the_o statute_n of_o employment_n must_v also_o be_v observe_v to_o make_v the_o remedy_n more_o complete_a with_o a_o register_n to_o record_v the_o money_n which_o foreign_a mariner_n do_v receive_v for_o freight_n come_v from_o norway_n and_o other_o place_n make_v above_o one_o hundred_o voyage_n yearly_a as_o also_o many_o other_o ship_n bring_v corn_n into_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a part_n of_o the_o real_a i_o and_o export_v money_n for_o it_o russian_n the_o policy_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o russian_n the_o turk_n persian_a and_o russian_a have_v herein_o surpass_v we_o in_o true_a policy_n by_o keep_v the_o price_n of_o their_o exchange_n high_a much_o above_o the_o valuation_n of_o their_o money_n so_o that_o they_o have_v no_o trade_n by_o exchange_n nor_o money_n but_o only_o for_o commodity_n whereby_o they_o prevent_v the_o overballance_a of_o foreign_a commodity_n with_o they_o as_o also_o the_o exportation_n of_o their_o money_n albeit_o the_o use_n of_o our_o commodity_n be_v in_o those_o country_n very_o great_a remedy_n objection_n to_o the_o remedy_n the_o objection_n make_v by_o some_o against_o this_o sole_a remedy_n be_v easy_o to_o be_v answer_v for_o they_o be_v ground_v upon_o supposition_n against_o assure_a experience_n 1_o some_o make_v doubt_n that_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v rise_v there_o will_v be_v no_o taker_n of_o money_n and_o then_o the_o deliverer_n be_v more_o thrust_v upon_o the_o exportation_n of_o money_n 2_o other_o say_v that_o those_o merchant_n which_o have_v sell_v their_o cloth_n beyond_o the_o sea_n shall_v receive_v a_o loss_n in_o the_o make_n over_o of_o their_o money_n from_o thence_o by_o deliver_v more_o there_o in_o exchange_n than_o now_o they_o do_v 3_o other_o say_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o vent_v their_o clothes_n according_a to_o the_o high_a exchange_n especial_o now_o that_o cloth_n be_v out_o of_o request_n and_o will_v have_v the_o matter_n of_o reformation_n defer_v until_o another_o time_n in_o their_o opinion_n more_o commodious_a answer_n answer_n the_o first_o objection_n be_v answer_v before_o that_o the_o taker_n be_v rule_v by_o the_o deliverer_n who_o will_v not_o give_v his_o money_n in_o exchange_n under_o the_o true_a value_n according_a to_o the_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v and_o the_o deliverer_n be_v the_o merchant_n stranger_n here_o will_v soon_o be_v thrust_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n for_o by_o the_o exportation_n of_o money_n he_o shall_v have_v no_o gain_n whereas_o some_o of_o the_o discreet_a sort_n will_v not_o have_v the_o say_a statute_n too_o strict_o press_v upon_o the_o stranger_n because_o the_o trade_n shall_v not_o be_v drive_v into_o their_o hand_n mediocria_fw-la firma_fw-la to_o the_o second_o the_o proclamation_n limit_v a_o time_n for_o execution_n give_v merchant_n ability_n to_o recover_v their_o money_n or_o to_o sell_v their_o bill_n of_o debt_n for_o money_n or_o to_o buy_v commodity_n for_o they_o as_o the_o manner_n be_v to_o the_o three_o experience_n make_v a_o full_a answer_n to_o both_o that_o there_o do_v not_o want_v taker_n when_o the_o late_a inhaunce_n at_o hamborough_n cause_v the_o exchange_n to_o rise_v from_o under_o twenty_o and_o eight_o shilling_n to_o above_o thirty_o and_o five_o shilling_n which_o be_v more_o than_o the_o present_a alteration_n will_v be_v and_o wool_n be_v at_o thirty_o and_o three_o shilling_n the_o tod_n which_o be_v now_o fall_v under_o twenty_o shilling_n so_o that_o the_o vent_n of_o our_o cloth_n be_v not_o hinder_v when_o it_o be_v sell_v dear_a by_o one_o full_a three_o part_n but_o there_o be_v above_o eighty_o thousand_o clothes_n sell_v yearly_a where_o there_o be_v now_o sell_v but_o forty_o thousand_o clothes_n the_o time_n be_v also_o to_o be_v think_v more_o convenient_a to_o advance_v a_o commodity_n be_v underualued_a than_o to_o do_v it_o when_o the_o price_n be_v high_a for_o this_o pleurisy_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v dangerous_a and_o admit_v no_o time_n of_o cure_v like_o the_o fire_n in_o a_o city_n which_o permit_v not_o any_o inquiry_n to_o examine_v how_o the_o same_o begin_v but_o require_v every_o man_n help_n to_o quench_v the_o same_o and_o whereas_o it_o be_v allege_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o inhance_a of_o coin_n e.m._n treatise_n of_o free_a trad_a e.m._n that_o which_o be_v equal_a to_o all_o when_o he_o that_o buy_v dear_a shall_v sell_v dear_a can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v injurious_a unto_o any_o this_o opinion_n be_v without_o consideration_n of_o the_o alteration_n of_o weight_n and_o measure_n between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n that_o be_v exchange_n for_o money_n and_o what_o the_o same_o may_v produce_v to_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n albeit_o that_o between_o man_n and_o man_n it_o may_v prove_v alike_o in_o some_o respect_n to_o make_v this_o evident_a suppose_v two_o merchant_n the_o one_o dwell_v in_o london_n and_o the_o other_o dwell_v at_o amsterdam_n do_v contract_n together_o that_o the_o londoner_n send_v clothes_n to_o be_v sell_v at_o amsterdam_n the_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n send_v he_o velvet_n and_o silk_n to_o be_v sell_v at_o london_n and_o in_o the_o account_n to_o be_v keep_v between_o they_o
coelo_fw-la the_o rather_o for_o that_o so_o many_o good_a act_n of_o parliament_n have_v be_v make_v long_o since_o concern_v the_o same_o when_o the_o staple_n of_o our_o commodity_n do_v flourish_v both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o 1622._o the_o maintenance_n of_o â—ree_a trade_n anno_fw-la 1622._o and_o have_v of_o late_o publish_v ten_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n it_o may_v be_v think_v convenient_a to_o examine_v the_o same_o upon_o the_o say_a point_n 1_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o overualuation_n consequent_o of_o foreign_a coin_n unto_o we_o which_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o want_n of_o money_n in_o england_n 2_o usury_n politic_a practise_v by_o many_o and_o abandon_v trade_n 3_o the_o litigious_a suit_n in_o law_n to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o trade_n 4_o the_o neglect_n of_o the_o fish_n trade_n preoccupy_v by_o other_o nation_n 5_o the_o endrape_n of_o wool_n in_o other_o country_n of_o late_a much_o increase_v 6_o the_o policy_n of_o merchant_n of_o several_a society_n 7_o the_o false_a make_n of_o cloth_n and_o other_o manufacture_n 8_o the_o exportation_n of_o the_o material_n of_o wool_n woolfel_n etc._n etc._n 9_o the_o war_n of_o christendom_n pirate_n and_o bankerupt_v 10_o the_o immoderate_a use_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n within_o the_o realm_n but_o before_o we_o come_v to_o this_o examination_n staple_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o staple_n let_v we_o observe_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o staple_n and_o their_o privilege_n in_o the_o government_n thereof_o the_o most_o ancient_a foundation_n of_o merchant_n and_o merchandise_v in_o this_o kingdom_n both_o for_o trade_n and_o government_n have_v by_o continuance_n of_o time_n before_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o do_v obtain_v the_o name_n of_o staple_n the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o wool_n leather_n woolfells_n fell_n lead_v tin_n butter_n cheese_n clothes_n and_o other_o commodity_n be_v call_v staple_n merchandise_n the_o port_n from_o whence_o the_o say_v commodity_n be_v to_o be_v transport_v be_v call_v staple_n port_n as_o london_n westminster_n hull_n boyston_n bristol_n southampton_n new_a castle_n and_o other_o place_n the_o place_n of_o residence_n of_o these_o merchant_n both_o within_o this_o land_n and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v call_v the_o staple_n the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v by_o the_o say_a merchant_n be_v call_v staple_n law_n under_o their_o government_n consist_v of_o a_o mayor_n two_o constable_n and_o other_o officer_n have_v the_o trade_n of_o this_o kingdom_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n flourish_v to_o the_o great_a enrich_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n and_o it_o have_v be_v support_v and_o assist_v by_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o state_n in_o all_o age_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o edward_z the_o three_o richard_z the_o second_o henry_n the_o four_o henry_n the_o five_o henry_n the_o six_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o so_o that_o comprehend_v the_o merchant_n adventurer_n society_n with_o they_o which_o begin_v in_o the_o say_a time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o it_o be_v above_o four_o hundred_o year_n stand_v that_o the_o say_a society_n have_v be_v as_o we_o have_v note_v for_o by_o the_o providence_n of_o all_o those_o prince_n the_o staple_n trade_n be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n establish_v and_o especial_o by_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o in_o who_o reign_n a_o great_a number_n of_o memorable_a law_n be_v make_v for_o the_o purpose_n appoint_v the_o say_a officer_n and_o their_o fee_n to_o prevent_v extortion_n and_o all_o the_o king_n subject_n that_o will_v bring_v their_o good_n to_o the_o staple_n and_o trade_n trade_n the_o ancient_a free_a trade_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n thereof_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v merchant_n such_o be_v the_o free_a trade_n of_o this_o kingdom_n in_o those_o day_n wherein_o the_o subject_n of_o all_o sort_n upon_o all_o occasion_n may_v free_o participate_v under_o government_n at_o these_o staple_n be_v the_o king_n custom_n due_o collect_v and_o by_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o staple_n at_o two_o several_a time_n pay_v into_o the_o king_n exchequer_n and_o by_o their_o government_n be_v many_o inconueniency_n prevent_v whereby_o the_o former_a cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n be_v either_o moderate_v or_o reform_v namely_o 1_o the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v require_v to_o be_v answer_v in_o true_a exchange_n according_a to_o their_o intrinsike_n value_n and_o their_o doller_n or_o other_o foreign_a coin_n be_v by_o the_o mayor_n and_o constable_n value_v according_o for_o there_o be_v no_o merchandise_v exchange_n use_v neither_o be_v banker_n know_v and_o when_o there_o want_v money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n or_o be_v like_a to_o want_v order_n be_v take_v by_o they_o to_o import_v bullion_n either_o the_o 1_o â—_o or_o 1_o â—_o part_n of_o the_o value_n of_o commodity_n export_v the_o debt_n between_o merchant_n be_v transfer_v or_o set_v over_o by_o bill_n to_o be_v register_v before_o the_o mayor_n or_o constable_n which_o be_v currant_n without_o the_o strict_a proceed_n of_o our_o common_a law_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v do_v now_o by_o a_o register_n authorise_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n parent_n 2_o in_o those_o day_n usury_n be_v account_v to_o be_v a_o abominable_a thing_n for_o it_o be_v not_o use_v by_o any_o course_n politic_a but_o see_v it_o be_v now_o so_o general_a in_o all_o country_n the_o best_a remedy_n to_o abate_v the_o same_o in_o price_n be_v to_o procure_v plenty_n of_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n by_o the_o mean_v before_o mention_v which_o will_v be_v more_o effectual_a of_o course_n than_o any_o law_n that_o will_v be_v devise_v for_o the_o moderation_n thereof_o 3_o to_o avoid_v the_o 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