also_o we_o do_v reject_v woman_n as_o those_o who_o nature_n have_v make_v to_o keep_v home_o and_o to_o nourish_v their_o family_n and_o child_n and_o not_o to_o meddle_v with_o matter_n abroad_o nor_o to_o bear_v office_n in_o a_o city_n or_o common_a wealth_n no_o more_o than_o child_n and_o infant_n except_o it_o be_v in_o such_o case_n as_o the_o authority_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o blood_n and_o progeny_n as_o the_o crown_n a_o duchy_n or_o a_o erledome_n for_o there_o the_o blood_n be_v respect_v not_o the_o age_n nor_o y_o e_o sex_n whereby_o a_o absolute_a queen_n a_o absolute_a duchess_n or_o countess_n those_o i_o call_v absolute_a which_o have_v the_o name_n not_o by_o be_v marry_v to_o a_o king_n duke_n or_o earl_n but_o by_o be_v the_o true_a right_a &_o next_o successor_n in_o the_o dignity_n and_o upon_o who_o by_o right_a of_o the_o blood_n that_o title_n be_v descend_v these_o i_o say_v have_v the_o same_o authority_n although_o they_o be_v woman_n or_o child_n in_o that_o kingdom_n duchy_n or_o earldom_n as_o they_o shall_v have_v have_v if_o they_o have_v be_v man_n of_o full_a age_n for_o the_o right_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o the_o quietness_n and_o surety_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v more_o to_o be_v consider_v than_o either_o the_o tender_a age_n as_o yet_o impotent_a to_o rule_v or_o the_o sex_n not_o accustom_v otherwise_o to_o intermeddle_v with_o public_a affair_n be_v by_o common_a intendment_n understand_v that_o such_o personage_n never_o do_v lack_v the_o counsel_n of_o such_o grave_n and_o discreet_a man_n as_o be_v able_a to_o supply_v all_o other_o defect_n this_o as_o i_o say_v be_v not_o enough_o but_o the_o division_n of_o these_o which_o be_v participant_a of_o the_o common_a wealth_n be_v one_o way_n of_o they_o that_o bear_v office_n the_o other_o of_o they_o that_o bear_v none_o the_o first_o be_v call_v magistrate_n the_o second_o private_a man_n another_o the_o like_a be_v among_o the_o roman_n of_o partricij_fw-la &_o plebei_fw-la one_o strive_v with_o other_o a_o long_a time_n the_o patricij_fw-la many_o year_n exclude_v the_o plebes_fw-la from_o bear_a rule_n until_o at_o last_o all_o magistrate_n be_v make_v common_a between_o they_o yet_o be_v there_o another_o division_n of_o the_o roman_n into_o senatores_fw-la equites_fw-la and_o plebs_fw-la the_o greek_n have_v also_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o french_a have_v also_o at_o this_o day_n les_fw-fr noble_n &_o la_fw-fr popular_fw-la or_o gentiles_n home_n &_o villain_n we_o in_o england_n divide_v our_o man_n common_o into_o four_o fort_n gentleman_n citizen_n and_o yeoman_n artificer_n and_o laborer_n of_o gentleman_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a be_v the_o king_n the_o prince_n duke_n marquise_n earl_n vicounte_n baron_n and_o these_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o nobility_n and_o all_o these_o be_v call_v lord_n and_o nobleman_n next_o to_o these_o be_v knight_n esquier_n and_o simple_a gentleman_n of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o gentleman_n of_o england_n call_v nobilitas_fw-la maior_fw-la chap._n 17._o maior_fw-la have_v marquise_n earl_n vicounte_n and_o baron_n either_o be_v create_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o come_v to_o that_o honour_n by_o be_v the_o elder_a son_n as_o high_a &_o next_o in_o succession_n to_o their_o parent_n baron_n for_o the_o elder_a of_o duke_n son_n during_o his_o father_n life_n be_v call_v a_o earl_n a_o earl_n son_n be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o viscount_n or_o baron_n or_o else_o according_a as_o the_o creation_n be_v the_o creation_n i_o call_v the_o first_o donation_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o honour_n give_v by_o the_o prince_n for_o good_a service_n do_v by_o he_o and_o advauncement_n that_o the_o prince_n will_v bestow_v upon_o he_o which_o with_o the_o title_n of_o that_o honour_n be_v common_o but_o not_o always_o give_v to_o he_o and_o to_o his_o heir_n male_n only_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o nobility_n by_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n be_v but_o esquier_n lord_n yet_o in_o common_a speech_n all_o duke_n and_o marquise_n son_n and_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o a_o earl_n be_v call_v lord_n the_o which_o name_n common_o do_v agree_v to_o none_o of_o low_a degree_n than_o baron_n except_v such_o only_a as_o be_v thereunto_o by_o some_o special_a office_n call_v the_o barony_n or_o degree_n of_o lord_n do_v answer_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o senator_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o title_n of_o our_o nobility_n to_o their_o patricij_fw-la when_o patricij_fw-la do_v betoken_v senatores_fw-la aut_fw-la senatorum_fw-la filios_fw-la census_n senatorius_fw-la be_v in_o rome_n at_o diverse_a time_n diverse_a and_o in_o england_n no_o man_n be_v create_v baron_n except_o he_o may_v dispend_v of_o yearly_a revenue_n one_o thousand_o pound_n or_o one_o thousand_o mark_n at_o the_o least_o vicounte_n earl_n marquise_n and_o duke_n more_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o degree_n and_o honour_n but_o though_o by_o chance_n he_o or_o his_o son_n have_v less_o he_o keep_v his_o degree_n but_o if_o they_o decay_v by_o excess_n and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o maintain_v the_o honour_n as_o senatores_fw-la romani_fw-la be_v amoti_fw-la senatu_fw-la so_o sometime_o they_o be_v not_o admit_v to_o the_o upper_a house_n in_o the_o parliament_n although_o they_o keep_v the_o name_n of_o lord_n still_o of_o the_o second_o sort_n of_o gentleman_n which_o may_v be_v call_v nobilitas_fw-la minor_fw-la &_o first_o of_o knight_n chap._n 18._o no_o man_n be_v a_o knight_n by_o succession_n not_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n and_o the_o name_n of_o prince_n in_o england_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d betoken_v the_o king_n elder_a son_n or_o prince_n of_o wales_n although_o the_o king_n himself_o his_o elder_a son_n and_o all_o duke_n be_v call_v by_o general_a name_n prince_n but_o as_o in_o france_n the_o king_n elder_a son_n have_v the_o title_n of_o the_o dauphin_n and_o he_o or_o the_o next_o heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n be_v monsire_fw-mi so_o in_o england_n the_o king_n elder_a son_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o prince_n knight_n therefore_o be_v not_o bear_v but_o make_v either_o before_o the_o battle_n to_o encourage_v they_o the_o more_o to_o adventure_v their_o life_n or_o after_o the_o conflict_n as_o advauncement_n for_o their_o hardiness_n and_o manhood_n already_o show_v or_o out_o of_o the_o war_n for_o some_o great_a service_n do_v or_o some_o good_a hope_n through_o the_o virtue_n which_o do_v appear_v in_o they_o and_o they_o be_v make_v either_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o or_o by_o his_o commission_n and_o royal_a authority_n give_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n or_o by_o his_o livetenaunt_n in_o the_o war_n who_o have_v his_o royal_a and_o absolute_a power_n commit_v to_o he_o for_o that_o time_n and_o that_o order_n seem_v to_o answer_v in_o part_n to_o that_o which_o the_o roman_n call_v equites_fw-la romanos_fw-la differ_v in_o some_o point_n and_o agree_v in_o other_o as_o their_o common_a wealth_n and_o we_o do_v differ_v and_o agree_v for_o never_o in_o all_o point_v one_o common_a wealth_n do_v agree_v with_o a_o other_o no_o nor_o long_a time_n any_o one_o common_a wealth_n with_o itself_o for_o all_o change_v continual_o to_o more_o or_o less_o and_o still_o to_o diverse_a &_o diverse_a order_n as_o the_o diversity_n of_o time_n do_v present_a occasion_n and_o the_o mutability_n of_o man_n wit_n do_v invent_v and_o assay_v new_a way_n to_o reform_v and_o amend_v that_o werein_o they_o do_v find_v fault_n equites_fw-la romani_fw-la be_v choose_v ex_fw-la censu_fw-la y_fw-es e_fw-la be_v according_a to_o their_o substance_n and_o riches_n so_o be_v knight_n in_o england_n most_o common_o according_a to_o the_o yearly_a revenue_n of_o their_o land_n be_v able_a to_o maintain_v that_o estate_n yet_o all_o they_o that_o have_v equestrem_fw-la censum_fw-la non_fw-la legebantur_fw-la equites_fw-la no_o more_o be_v all_o make_v knight_n in_o england_n that_o may_v dispende_v a_o knight_n land_n or_o fee_n but_o they_o only_a who_o the_o king_n will_v so_o honour_v the_o number_n of_o equites_fw-la be_v uncertain_a and_o so_o it_o be_v of_o knight_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n equites_fw-la romani_fw-la have_v equum_fw-la publicum_fw-la the_o knight_n of_o england_n have_v not_o so_o but_o find_v their_o own_o horse_n themselves_o in_o peace_n time_n and_o most_o usual_o in_o war_n census_n equester_n be_v among_o the_o roman_n at_o dinerse_a time_n of_o diverse_a value_n but_o in_o england_n whosoever_o may_v dispende_v of_o his_o free_a land_n 40._o l._n sterling_a of_o yearly_a revenue_n by_o a_o old_a law_n of_o england_n either_o at_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o king_n or_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n or_o at_o the_o
a_o certain_a proportion_n between_o the_o scarcity_n and_o plenty_n of_o other_o thing_n with_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o i_o have_v declare_v more_o at_o large_a in_o my_o book_n of_o money_n for_o all_o other_o measure_n and_o weighte_n aswell_o of_o dry_a thing_n as_o of_o wet_a they_o have_v accustom_v to_o be_v establish_v or_o alter_v by_o the_o parliament_n and_o not_o by_o the_o princess_n proclamation_n only_o the_o prince_n use_v also_o to_o dispense_v with_o law_n make_v whereas_o equity_n require_v a_o moderation_n to_o be_v have_v and_o with_o pain_n for_o transgression_n of_o law_n where_o the_o pain_n of_o the_o law_n be_v apply_v only_o to_o the_o prince_n but_o where_o the_o forfeit_n as_o in_o popular_a action_n it_o chance_v many_o time_n be_v part_n to_o the_o prince_n the_o other_o part_n to_o the_o declarator_n detector_n or_o informer_n there_o the_o prince_n do_v dispense_v for_o his_o own_o part_n only_o where_o the_o criminal_a action_n be_v intend_v by_o inquisition_n that_o manner_n be_v call_v with_o we_o at_o the_o princess_n suit_n the_o prince_n givee_v absolution_n or_o pardon_n yet_o with_o a_o clause_n modo_fw-la stet_fw-la rectus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o no_o man_n object_n against_o the_o offendor_n whereby_o notwithstanding_o that_o he_o have_v the_o princess_n pardon_n if_o the_o person_n offend_v will_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o accusation_n which_o in_o our_o language_n be_v call_v the_o appeal_n in_o case_n where_o it_o lie_v the_o princess_n pardon_n do_v not_o serve_v the_o offendor_n the_o prince_n give_v all_o the_o chief_a and_o high_a office_n or_o magistracy_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v it_o of_o judgement_n or_o dignity_n temporal_a or_o spiritual_a and_o have_v the_o tenthes_o and_o first_o fruit_n of_o all_o ecclesiastical_a promotion_n except_o in_o the_o university_n and_o certain_a college_n which_o be_v exempt_a all_o writ_n execution_n and_o commandment_n be_v do_v in_o the_o princess_n name_n we_o do_v say_v in_o england_n the_o life_n and_o member_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n be_v the_o king_n only_o that_o be_v to_o say_v no_o man_n have_v halt_a nor_o moyenne_n justice_n but_o the_o king_n nor_o can_v hold_v plea_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o all_o those_o plea_n which_o touch_v the_o life_n or_o the_o mutilation_n of_o man_n be_v call_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n nor_o can_v be_v dooke_v in_o the_o name_n of_o any_o inferior_a person_n than_o he_o or_o she_o that_o hold_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o likewise_o no_o man_n can_v give_v pardon_n thereof_o but_o the_o prince_n only_o although_o in_o time_n pass_v there_o be_v certain_a county_n palatine_n as_o chester_n durham_n clie_n which_o be_v halt_a justicer_n and_o writ_n go_v in_o their_o name_n and_o also_o some_o lord_n marcher_n of_o wales_n which_o claim_v like_o privilege_n all_o these_o be_v now_o wear_v away_o the_o supreme_a justice_n be_v do_v in_o the_o king_n name_n and_o by_o his_o authority_n only_o the_o prince_n have_v the_o wardship_n and_o first_o marriage_n of_o all_o those_o that_o hold_v land_n of_o he_o in_o chief_a and_o also_o the_o government_n of_o all_o fool_n natural_a or_o such_o as_o be_v make_v by_o adventure_n of_o sickness_n and_o so_o continue_v if_o they_o be_v land_v this_o be_v once_o grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n although_o some_o inconvenience_n have_v be_v think_v to_o grow_v thereof_o &_o since_o that_o time_n it_o have_v be_v think_v very_o unreasonable_a yet_o once_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n who_o ought_v to_o go_v about_o to_o take_v the_o club_n out_o of_o hercules_n hand_n and_o be_v govern_v just_o &_o right_o i_o see_v not_o so_o much_o inconvenience_n in_o it_o as_o some_o man_n will_v make_v of_o it_o diverse_a other_o right_n and_o preeminence_n the_o prince_n have_v which_o be_v call_v prerogative_n royalle_n or_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n which_o be_v declare_v particular_o in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n to_o be_v short_a the_o prince_n be_v the_o life_n the_o head_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v in_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o to_o no_o prince_n be_v do_v more_o honour_n and_o reverence_n than_o to_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n no_o man_n speak_v to_o the_o prince_n nor_o serve_v at_o the_o table_n but_o in_o adoration_n and_o kneel_v all_o person_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v bareheaded_a before_o he_o insomuch_o that_o in_o the_o chamber_n of_o presence_n where_o the_o cloth_n of_o estate_n be_v set_v no_o man_n dare_v walk_v yea_o though_o the_o prince_n be_v not_o there_o no_o man_n dare_v tarry_v there_o but_o barehead_v this_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o all_o stranger_n be_v suffer_v there_o and_o in_o all_o place_n to_o use_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o country_n such_o be_v the_o civility_n of_o our_o nation_n the_o chief_a point_n wherein_o one_o common_a wealth_n do_v differ_v from_o a_o other_o chap._n 4._o now_o that_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o parliament_n which_o be_v the_o whole_a universal_a and_o general_a consent_n and_o authority_n aswell_o of_o the_o prince_n as_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o commons_o that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o whole_a head_n and_o body_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o also_o of_o the_o prince_n which_o be_v the_o head_n life_n and_o governor_n of_o this_o common_a wealth_n there_o remain_v to_o show_v how_o this_o head_n do_v distribute_v his_o authority_n and_o power_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o member_n for_o the_o government_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o common_a wealth_n of_o the_o politic_a body_n of_o england_n and_o whereas_o as_o all_o common_a wealth_n and_o governmente_n be_v most_o occupy_v and_o be_v most_o diverse_a in_o the_o fashion_n of_o five_o thing_n in_o make_v of_o law_n and_o ordinance_n for_o their_o own_o government_n in_o make_v of_o battle_n &_o peace_n of_o truce_n with_o foreign_a nation_n in_o provide_v of_o money_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o themselves_o within_o themselves_o &_o defence_n of_o themselves_o against_o their_o enemy_n in_o choose_v and_o election_n of_o the_o chief_a officer_n and_o magistrate_n and_o fift_o in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n the_o first_o and_o third_o we_o have_v show_v be_v do_v by_o the_o prince_n in_o parliament_n the_o second_o and_o four_o by_o the_o prince_n himself_o the_o five_o remain_v to_o be_v declare_v of_o the_o three_o manner_n and_o form_n of_o trial_n or_o judgement_n in_o england_n chap._n 5._o by_o order_n and_o usage_n of_o england_n there_o be_v three_o way_n and_o manner_n whereby_o absolute_a and_o definite_a judgement_n be_v give_v by_o parliament_n which_o be_v the_o high_a and_o most_o absolute_a by_o battle_n and_o by_o the_o great_a assize_n trial_n or_o judgement_n by_o parliament_n chap._n 6._o the_o matter_n of_o give_v judgement_n by_o parliament_n between_o private_a and_o private_a man_n or_o between_o the_o prince_n and_o any_o private_a man_n be_v it_o in_o matter_n criminal_a or_o civil_a for_o land_n or_o for_o heritage_n do_v not_o differ_v from_o thorder_n which_o i_o have_v prescribe_v but_o it_o proceed_v by_o bill_n thrice_o read_v in_o each_o house_n and_o assent_v to_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o and_o at_o the_o last_o day_n confirm_v and_o allow_v by_o the_o prince_n howbeit_o such_o bill_n be_v seldom_o receive_v because_o that_o great_a counsel_n be_v enough_o occupy_v with_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o realm_n will_v not_o glad_o intermeddle_v itself_o with_o private_a quarrel_n &_o question_n trial_o of_o judgement_n by_o battle_n chap._n 7._o this_o be_v at_o this_o present_v not_o much_o use_v partly_o because_o of_o long_a time_n the_o pope_n and_o the_o clergy_n to_o who_o in_o time_n past_a we_o be_v much_o subject_n always_o cry_v against_o it_o as_o a_o thing_n damnable_a and_o unlawful_a and_o partly_o because_o in_o all_o common_a wealth_n as_o to_o the_o tongue_n so_o to_o the_o manner_n fashion_n habit_n yea_o and_o kind_n of_o trial_n and_o iudgmente_n and_o to_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o be_v therein_o use_v time_n and_o space_n of_o year_n bring_v a_o change_n but_o i_o can_v not_o yet_o learn_v that_o it_o be_v ever_o abrogate_a so_o that_o it_o remain_v in_o force_n whensoever_o it_o be_v demand_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o be_v describe_v in_o briton_n the_o trial_n by_o affise_v or_o xij_o man_n &_o first_o of_o the_o three_o part_n which_o be_v necessary_a in_o judgement_n chap._n 8._o the_o two_o first_o iugdemente_n be_v absolute_a supreme_a and_o without_o appeal_n and_o so_o be_v also_o the_o judgement_n by_o the_o great_a affise_v and_o because_o our_o manner_n of_o judgement_n in_o england_n be_v in_o
of_o family_n together_o within_o themselves_o how_o to_o demean_v and_o order_v their_o matter_n best_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o themselves_o and_o each_o of_o their_o family_n general_o and_o particular_o thus_o a_o few_o be_v head_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o their_o family_n equal_a in_o birth_n and_o nobility_n and_o not_o much_o different_a in_o riches_n govern_v their_o own_o house_n and_o the_o descendentes_fw-la of_o they_o particular_o and_o consult_v in_o common_a upon_o public_a cause_n agree_v also_o upon_o certain_a law_n and_o order_n to_o be_v keep_v among_o they_o so_o the_o best_a chief_a and_o sage_a do_v rule_v and_o other_o part_n have_v no_o cause_n to_o strive_v with_o they_o nor_o have_v no_o cause_n nor_o appearance_n to_o compare_v with_o any_o of_o they_o neither_o for_o age_n nor_o discretion_n nor_o for_o riches_n or_o nobility_n the_o ruler_n seek_v each_o to_o keep_v and_o maintain_v their_o posterity_n as_o their_o son_n and_o nephew_n and_o such_o as_o shall_v succeed_v they_o and_o carry_v their_o name_n when_o they_o be_v dead_a and_o so_o render_v they_o be_v mortal_a by_o nature_n immortal_a by_o their_o fame_n and_o succession_n of_o posterity_n have_v most_o earnest_a care_n to_o maintain_v still_o this_o their_o cousinage_n and_o common_a family_n aswell_o against_o foreign_a and_o barbarous_a nation_n which_o be_v not_o of_o their_o progeny_n tongue_n or_o religion_n as_o against_o wild_a and_o sanage_v beast_n this_o seem_v the_o natural_a source_n and_o beginning_n or_o image_n of_o that_o rule_n of_o the_o few_o number_n which_o be_v call_v of_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o of_o the_o latin_n optimatum_fw-la respublica_fw-la the_o first_o original_a or_o beginning_n of_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o multitude_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d chap._n 14._o now_o as_o time_n bring_v a_o end_n of_o all_o thing_n these_o brethren_n be_v all_o dead_a and_o their_o offpring_n increase_a daily_o to_o a_o great_a multitude_n and_o the_o reverence_n due_a to_o the_o old_a father_n in_o such_o and_o so_o great_a number_n of_o equal_n fail_v by_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o death_n or_o dote_v of_o the_o elder_n each_o owe_v their_o merit_n of_o education_n apart_o to_o their_o father_n and_o grandfather_n and_o so_o many_o arise_v and_o such_o equality_n among_o they_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v content_a to_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o few_o for_o two_o thing_n be_v such_o as_o for_o the_o which_o man_n in_o society_n and_o league_n do_v most_o strive_v that_o be_v honour_n and_o profit_n no_o man_n of_o free_a courage_n can_v be_v content_v to_o be_v neglect_v therein_o so_o that_o they_o be_v fain_o of_o necessity_n to_o come_v to_o that_o that_o the_o more_o part_n shall_v bear_v the_o price_n away_o in_o election_n of_o magistrate_n and_o ruler_n so_o that_o either_o by_o course_n or_o by_o lot_n each_o man_n in_o turn_n may_v be_v receive_v to_o bear_v rule_n and_o have_v his_o part_n of_o the_o honour_n and_o if_o any_o be_v of_o the_o profit_n which_o come_v by_o administration_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n for_o whosoever_o come_v of_o that_o old_a great_a grandfather_n race_n he_o account_v himself_o as_o good_a of_o birth_n as_o any_o other_o for_o service_n to_o the_o common_a wealth_n all_o or_o such_o a_o number_n have_v do_v it_o as_o they_o can_v not_o be_v account_v few_o and_o if_o a_o few_o will_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o usurp_v over_o the_o rest_n the_o rest_n conspire_v together_o will_v soon_o be_v master_n over_o they_o and_o ruinate_v they_o whole_o whereupon_o necessary_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o common_a wealth_n must_v turn_v and_o alter_v as_o before_o from_o one_o to_o a_o few_o so_o now_o from_o a_o few_o to_o many_o and_o the_o most_o part_n each_o of_o these_o yet_o willing_a to_o save_v the_o politic_a body_n to_o conserve_v the_o authority_n of_o their_o nation_n to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o all_o other_o their_o strife_n be_v only_o for_o empire_n and_o rule_n and_o who_o shall_v do_v best_a for_o common_a wealth_n whereof_o they_o will_v have_v experience_n make_v by_o bear_v office_n and_o be_v magistrate_n this_o i_o take_v for_o the_o first_o and_o natural_a beginning_n of_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o multitude_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o latin_n some_o republica_n by_o the_o general_a name_n some_o populi_fw-la potestas_fw-la some_o census_fw-la potestas_fw-la i_o can_v tell_v how_o latine_o that_o the_o common_a wealth_n or_o policy_n must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o people_n chap._n 15._o by_o this_o process_n and_o discourse_n it_o do_v appear_v that_o the_o mutation_n &_o change_n of_o fashion_n of_o government_n in_o common_a wealth_n be_v natural_a &_o do_v not_o always_o come_v of_o ambition_n or_o malice_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o people_n so_o the_o common_a wealth_n be_v to_o it_o sit_v &_o proper_a and_o as_o all_o these_o three_o kind_n of_o common_a wealth_n be_v natural_a so_o when_o to_o each_o party_n or_o espece_n and_o kind_n of_o the_o people_n that_o be_v apply_v which_o best_o agree_v like_o a_o garment_n to_o the_o body_n or_o shoe_n to_o the_o foot_n than_o the_o body_n politic_a be_v in_o quiet_a &_o find_v ease_n pleasure_n and_o profit_n but_o if_o a_o contrary_a form_n be_v give_v to_o a_o contrary_a manner_n of_o people_n as_o when_o the_o shoe_n be_v too_o little_a or_o too_o great_a for_o the_o foot_n it_o do_v hurt_v and_o encumber_v the_o convenient_a use_n thereof_o so_o the_o free_a people_n of_o nature_n tyrannize_v or_o rule_v by_o one_o against_o their_o will_n be_v he_o never_o so_o good_a either_o fail_n of_o courage_n and_o be_v servile_a or_o never_o rest_v until_o they_o either_o destroy_v their_o king_n and_o they_o that_o will_v subdue_v they_o or_o be_v destroy_v themselves_o and_o again_o another_o sort_n there_o be_v which_o without_o be_v rule_v by_o onâ—e_a prince_n but_o set_v at_o liberty_n can_v tell_v what_o they_o shall_v do_v but_o either_o through_o insolency_n pride_n and_o idleness_n will_v fall_v to_o robbery_n and_o all_o mischief_n and_o to_o scatter_v and_o dissolve_v themselves_o or_o with_o foolish_a ambition_n and_o private_a strife_n consume_v one_o another_o and_o bring_v themselves_o to_o nothing_o of_o both_o these_o two_o we_o have_v history_n enough_o to_o bear_v witness_n as_o the_o greek_n roman_n samnite_n dane_n uandal_n and_o other_o yet_o must_v you_o not_o think_v that_o all_o common_a wealth_n administration_n and_o rulinge_n begin_v on_o this_o sort_n by_o provine_v or_o propagation_n as_o be_v before_o write_v but_o many_o time_n after_o a_o great_a battle_n and_o long_a war_n the_o captain_n who_o lead_v a_o multitude_n of_o people_n gather_v peradventure_o of_o diverse_a nation_n &_o language_n like_v y_o e_o place_n which_o he_o have_v by_o force_n conquer_v tarry_v there_o &_o begin_v a_o common_a wealth_n after_o this_o manner_n &_o for_o the_o most_o part_n a_o kingdom_n as_o the_o goth_n &_o lombard_n in_o italy_n the_o frenchman_n in_o gaul_n the_o saracen_n in_o spain_n and_o part_n of_o france_n the_o saxon_n in_o great_a britain_n which_o be_v now_o call_v england_n of_o which_o when_o that_o one_o and_o chief_a prince_n be_v dead_a the_o noble_a sort_n consult_v among_o themselves_o and_o either_o choose_v a_o other_o head_n and_o king_n or_o divide_v it_o into_o more_o head_n &_o ruler_n so_o do_v the_o lumbards_n in_o italy_n and_o the_o saxon_n in_o england_n or_o take_v at_o the_o first_o a_o common_a rule_n &_o popular_a estate_n as_o the_o zwiser_n do_v in_o their_o cantous_a &_o do_v yet_o at_o this_o day_n or_o else_o admit_v the_o rule_n of_o a_o certain_a few_o exclude_v the_o multitude_n and_o commonalty_n as_o the_o paduan_n veronenses_n and_o venetian_n have_v accustom_v the_o division_n of_o the_o part_n and_o person_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n chap._n 16._o to_o make_v all_o thing_n yet_o clear_a before_o as_o we_o shall_v go_v there_o arise_v another_o division_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n for_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o say_v that_o it_o consist_v of_o a_o multitude_n of_o house_n &_o family_n which_o make_v stretes_n &_o village_n &_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o stretes_n &_o village_n make_v town_n and_o the_o multitude_n of_o town_n the_o realm_n &_o that_o freeman_n be_v consider_v only_o in_o this_o behalf_n as_o subject_n &_o citizen_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n &_o not_o bondman_n who_o can_v bear_v no_o rule_n nor_o jurisdiction_n over_o freeman_n as_o they_o who_o be_v take_v but_o as_o instrument_n &_o the_o good_n and_o possession_n of_o other_o in_o which_o consideration_n
serve_v thefficacie_n of_o the_o word_n gens_n in_o latin_a betoken_v the_o race_n and_o surname_n so_o the_o roman_n have_v cornelio_n sergios_n appios_n fabios_fw-la aemilios_fw-la pisone_n julio_n brutos_fw-la valerio_n of_o which_o who_o be_v agnati_fw-la and_o therefore_o keep_v the_o name_n be_v also_o gentile_n and_o remain_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o glory_n of_o their_o progenitor_n fame_n be_v gentleman_n of_o that_o or_o that_o race_n this_o matter_n make_v a_o great_a strife_n among_o the_o roman_n when_o those_o which_o be_v novi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v more_o allow_v for_o their_o virtue_n new_a and_o new_o show_v than_o the_o old_a smell_n of_o ancient_a race_n new_o deface_v by_o the_o cowardice_n and_o evil_a life_n of_o their_o nephew_n and_o discendaunte_n can_v make_v the_o other_o to_o be_v thus_o the_o cicerone_n catone_n and_o marij_fw-la have_v much_o ado_n with_o those_o ancient_n and_o therefore_o say_v iwenalis_n malo_n pater_fw-la tibi_fw-la sit_fw-la tersites_n dummodo_fw-la tu_fw-la sis_fw-la aeacidi_n similis_fw-la vulcaniaque_fw-la arma_fw-la capessas_fw-la quà m_fw-la te_fw-la thersiti_n similem_fw-la producat_fw-la achilles_n but_o as_o other_o common_a wealth_n be_v fain_o to_o do_v so_o must_v all_o prince_n necessary_o follow_v that_o be_v where_o virtue_n be_v to_o honour_v it_o and_o although_o virtue_n of_o ancient_a race_n be_v early_o to_o be_v obtain_v aswell_o by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o progenitor_n which_o encourage_v as_o also_o through_o hability_n of_o education_n and_o bring_v up_o which_o enable_v and_o the_o last_o enrace_v love_n of_o tenant_n &_o neybor_n to_o such_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n of_o who_o they_o hold_v and_o by_o who_o they_o do_v dwell_v which_o prick_v forward_o to_o ensue_v in_o their_o father_n step_n so_o it_o all_o this_o do_v fail_v as_o it_o be_v great_a pity_n it_o shall_v yet_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o all_o human_a thing_n and_o so_o the_o world_n be_v subject_a to_o mutability_n that_o it_o do_v many_o time_n fail_v but_o when_o it_o do_v the_o prince_n and_o common_a wealth_n have_v the_o same_o power_n that_o their_o predecessor_n have_v and_o as_o the_o husbandman_n have_v to_o plant_v a_o new_a tree_n where_o the_o old_a fail_v so_o have_v the_o prince_n to_o honour_v virtue_n where_o he_o do_v find_v it_o to_o make_v gentleman_n esquier_n knight_n baron_n earl_n marquise_n &_o duke_n where_o he_o see_v virtue_n able_a to_o bear_v that_o honour_n or_o merit_n and_o deserve_v it_o &_o so_o it_o have_v always_o be_v use_v among_o us._n but_o ordinary_o the_o king_n do_v only_o make_v knight_n and_o create_v baron_n or_o high_a degree_n for_o as_o for_o gentleman_n they_o be_v make_v good_a cheap_a in_o england_n for_o whosoever_o study_v the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o study_v in_o the_o university_n who_o profess_v liberal_a science_n and_o to_o be_v short_a who_o can_v live_v idle_o and_o without_o manual_a labour_n and_o will_v bear_v the_o port_n charge_n and_o countenance_n of_o a_o gentleman_n he_o shall_v be_v call_v master_n for_o that_o be_v the_o title_n which_o man_n give_v to_o esquire_n and_o other_o gentleman_n and_o shall_v be_v take_v for_o a_o gentleman_n for_o true_a it_o be_v with_o we_o as_o be_v say_v tanti_fw-la eris_fw-la alijs_fw-la quanti_fw-la tibi_fw-la feceris_fw-la and_o if_o need_v be_v a_o king_n of_o herald_n shall_v also_o give_v he_o for_o money_n arm_n new_o make_v and_o invent_v the_o title_n whereof_o shall_v pretend_v to_o have_v be_v find_v by_o the_o say_a herald_n in_o peruse_v and_o view_v of_o old_a register_n where_o his_o ancestor_n in_o time_n past_a have_v be_v record_v to_o bear_v the_o same_o or_o if_o he_o will_v do_v it_o more_o true_o and_o of_o better_a faith_n he_o will_v write_v that_o for_o the_o meritte_n of_o that_o man_n and_o certain_a quality_n which_o he_o do_v see_v in_o he_o and_o for_o sundry_a noble_a act_n which_o he_o have_v perform_v he_o by_o the_o authority_n which_o he_o have_v as_o king_n of_o herald_n &_o arm_n give_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n these_o and_o these_o arm_n which_o be_v do_v i_o think_v he_o may_v be_v call_v a_o squire_n for_o he_o bear_v ever_o after_o those_o arm_n such_o man_n be_v call_v sometime_o in_o scorn_n gentleman_n of_o the_o first_o head_n whether_o the_o manner_n of_o england_n in_o make_v gentleman_n so_o easy_o be_v to_o be_v allow_v chap._n 21._o a_o man_n may_v make_v doubt_n &_o question_n whether_o this_o manner_n of_o make_v gentleman_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v or_o no_o &_o for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o of_o that_o opinion_n y_fw-fr e_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o for_o first_o the_o prince_n lose_v nothing_o by_o it_o as_o he_o shall_v do_v it_o it_o be_v as_o in_o france_n for_o the_o yeoman_n or_o husbandman_n be_v no_o more_o subject_n to_o tail_n or_o tax_v in_o england_n than_o the_o gentleman_n no_o in_o every_o payment_n to_o the_o king_n the_o gentleman_n be_v more_o charge_v which_o he_o bear_v the_o glad_o and_o dare_v not_o gainsay_v for_o to_o save_v and_o keep_v his_o honour_n and_o reputation_n in_o any_o show_n or_o muster_v or_o other_o particular_a charge_n of_o the_o town_n where_o he_o be_v he_o must_v open_v his_o purse_n wide_a and_o augment_v his_o portion_n above_o other_o or_o else_o he_o do_v diminish_v his_o reputation_n as_o for_o their_o outward_a show_n a_o gentleman_n if_o he_o will_v be_v so_o account_v must_v go_v like_o a_o gentleman_n a_o yeoman_n like_o a_o yeoman_n and_o a_o rascal_n like_o a_o rascal_n and_o if_o he_o be_v call_v to_o the_o war_n he_o must_v and_o will_v whatsoever_o it_o cost_v he_o array_v himself_o and_o arm_v he_o according_a to_o the_o vocation_n which_o he_o pretend_v he_o must_v show_v also_o a_o more_o manly_a courage_n &_o token_n of_o better_a education_n high_a stomach_n and_o bountifull_a liberality_n than_o other_o and_o keep_v about_o he_o idle_a servant_n who_o shall_v do_v nothing_o but_o wait_v upon_o he_o so_o that_o no_o man_n have_v hurt_v by_o it_o but_o he_o himself_o who_o hereby_o perchance_o will_v bear_v a_o big_a sail_n than_o he_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v for_o as_o touch_v the_o policy_n and_o government_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n it_o be_v not_o those_o that_o have_v to_o do_v with_o it_o which_o will_v magnify_v themselves_o and_o go_v in_o high_a buskin_n than_o their_o estate_n will_v bear_v but_o they_o which_o be_v to_o be_v appoint_v be_v person_n try_v and_o well_o know_v as_o shall_v be_v declare_v hereafter_o of_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n chap._n 22._o next_o to_o gentleman_n be_v appoint_v citizen_n and_o burgess_n such_o as_o not_o only_o be_v free_a and_o receive_v as_o officer_n within_o the_o city_n but_o also_o be_v of_o some_o substance_n to_o bear_v the_o charge_n but_o these_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v to_o serve_v the_o common_a wealth_n in_o their_o city_n &_o burrow_n or_o incorporate_a town_n where_o they_o dwell_v general_o in_o the_o thyre_n they_o be_v of_o none_o account_n save_v only_o in_o the_o common_a assembly_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o make_v law_n which_o be_v call_v the_o parliament_n the_o ancient_a city_n appoint_v iiii_o and_o each_o burrow_n two_o to_o have_v voice_n in_o it_o and_o to_o give_v their_o consent_n or_o dissent_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n or_o burrow_n for_o which_o they_o be_v appoint_v of_o yeoman_n chap._n 23._o those_o who_o we_o call_v yeoman_n next_o unto_o the_o nobility_n knight_n and_o squire_n have_v the_o great_a charge_n and_o do_n in_o the_o common_a wealth_n or_o rather_o be_v more_o travail_v to_o serve_v in_o it_o than_o all_o the_o rest_n as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o i_o call_v he_o a_o yeoman_n who_o our_o law_n do_v call_v legalem_fw-la hominem_fw-la a_o word_n familiar_a in_o writ_n and_o enqueste_n which_o be_v a_o freeman_n bear_v english_a and_o may_v dispend_v of_o his_o own_o free_a land_n in_o yearly_a revenue_n to_o the_o sum_n of_o xl_o s._n sterling_a this_o make_v if_o the_o just_a value_n be_v take_v now_o to_o the_o proportion_n of_o money_n ut_fw-la l._n of_o our_o currant_n money_n at_o this_o present_a this_o sort_n of_o people_n confess_v themselves_o to_o be_v no_o gentleman_n but_o give_v the_o honour_n to_o all_o which_o be_v or_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v gentleman_n and_o yet_o they_o have_v a_o certain_a pre-eminence_n and_o more_o estimation_n than_o laborer_n and_o artificer_n and_o common_o live_v wealthy_o keep_v good_a house_n &_o do_v their_o business_n &_o travail_n to_o acquire_v riches_n these_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n fermor_n unto_o gentleman_n which_o with_o graze_v frequent_v of_o markette_n and_o keep_v servant_n not_o idle_a as_o the_o gentleman_n do_v but_o such_o as_o get_v
to_o give_v life_n and_o the_o last_o and_o high_a commandment_n the_o barony_n for_o the_o nobility_n and_o high_a the_o knight_n esquier_n gentleman_n and_o commons_o for_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n the_o bishop_n for_o the_o clergy_n be_v present_a to_o advertise_v consult_v and_o show_v what_o be_v good_a and_o necessary_a for_o the_o common_a wealth_n and_o to_o consult_v together_o and_o upon_o mature_a deliberation_n every_o bill_n or_o law_n be_v thrice_o read_v and_o dispute_v upon_o in_o either_o house_n the_o other_o two_o part_n first_o each_o a_o part_n and_o after_o the_o prince_n himself_o in_o presence_n of_o both_o the_o party_n do_v consent_n unto_o and_o allow_v that_o be_v the_o prince_n and_o whole_a realm_n deed_n whereupon_o justly_o no_o man_n can_v complain_v but_o must_v accommodate_v himself_o to_o find_v it_o good_a and_o obey_v it_o that_o which_o be_v do_v by_o this_o consent_n be_v call_v firm_a stable_n and_o sanctum_fw-la and_o be_v take_v for_o law_n the_o parliament_n abrogate_v old_a law_n make_v new_a give_v order_n for_o thing_n past_a and_o for_o thing_n hereafter_o to_o be_v follow_v change_v right_n and_o possession_n of_o private_a man_n legittimate_v bastard_n establish_v form_n of_o religion_n alter_v weighte_n and_o measure_n give_v form_n of_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n define_v of_o doubtful_a right_n whereof_o be_v no_o law_n already_o mad_v appoint_v subsidy_n tail_n tax_n and_o imposition_n give_v most_o free_a pardon_n and_o absolution_n restore_v in_o blood_n and_o name_n as_o the_o high_a court_n condemn_v or_o absolu_v they_o who_o the_o prince_n will_v put_v to_o that_o trial_n and_o to_o be_v short_a all_o that_o ever_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n may_v do_v either_o in_o centuriatis_fw-la comitijs_fw-la or_o tributis_fw-la tribunitijs_n the_o same_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n which_o represent_v &_o have_v the_o power_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n both_o the_o head_n and_o the_o body_n for_o every_o englishman_n be_v intend_v to_o be_v there_o present_a either_o in_o person_n or_o by_o procuration_n and_o attorney_n of_o what_o pre-eminence_n state_n dignity_n or_o quality_n soever_o he_o be_v from_o the_o prince_n be_v he_o king_n or_o queen_n to_o the_o low_a person_n of_o england_n and_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v take_v to_o be_v every_o man_n consent_n the_o form_n of_o hold_v the_o parliament_n chap._n 2._o the_o prince_n send_v forth_o his_o rescript_n or_o writ_n to_o every_o duke_n marquess_n baron_n and_o every_o other_o lord_n temporal_a or_o spiritual_a who_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o parliament_n to_o be_v at_o his_o great_a counsel_n of_o parliament_n such_o a_o day_n the_o space_n from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o writ_n be_v common_o at_o the_o least_o forty_o day_n he_o send_v also_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o every_o shire_n to_o admonish_v the_o whole_a shire_n to_o choose_v two_o knight_n of_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o shire_n to_o hear_v and_o reason_n and_o to_o give_v their_o advice_n and_o consent_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o to_o be_v present_a at_o that_o day_n likewise_o to_o every_o city_n and_o town_n which_o of_o ancientie_n have_v be_v wont_a to_o find_v burgess_n of_o the_o parliament_n so_o to_o make_v election_n that_o they_o may_v be_v present_a there_o at_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o parliament_n the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o gentleman_n and_o yeoman_n of_o the_o shire_n present_a at_o the_o day_n assign_v for_o the_o election_n the_o voice_n of_o any_o absent_a can_v be_v count_v for_o none_o yeoman_n i_o call_v here_o as_o before_o that_o may_v dispende_v at_o the_o least_o xl_o s._n of_o yearly_a rent_n of_o free_a land_n of_o his_o own_o these_o meeting_n at_o one_o day_n the_o two_o who_o have_v the_o more_o of_o their_o voice_n be_v choose_v knight_n of_o the_o shire_n for_o that_o parliament_n likewise_o by_o the_o plurality_n of_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v the_o burgess_n elect_v the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o parliament_n the_o prince_n and_o all_o the_o lord_n in_o their_o robe_n of_o parliament_n do_v meet_v in_o the_o high_a house_n where_o after_o prayer_n make_v they_o that_o be_v present_a be_v write_v and_o they_o that_o be_v absent_a upon_o sickness_n or_o some_o other_o reasonable_a cause_n which_o the_o prince_n will_v allow_v do_v constitute_v under_o their_o hand_n and_o seal_v some_o one_o of_o those_o who_o be_v present_a as_o their_o procurer_n or_o attorney_n to_o give_v voice_n for_o they_o so_o that_o by_o presence_n or_o attorney_n &_o proxey_n they_o be_v all_o there_o all_o the_o prince_n and_o baron_n &_o all_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n and_o when_o abbot_n be_v so_o many_o abbot_n as_o have_v voice_n in_o parliament_n the_o place_n where_o the_o assembly_n be_v be_v rich_o tapess_v and_o hang_v a_o princely_a and_o royal_a throne_n as_o appertain_v to_o a_o king_n set_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o high_a place_n thereof_o next_o under_o the_o prince_n sit_v the_o chancellor_n who_o be_v the_o voice_n and_o orator_n of_o the_o prince_n on_o the_o one_o side_n of_o that_o house_n or_o chamber_n sit_v the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n each_o in_o his_o rank_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o duke_n and_o baron_n in_o the_o midst_n thereof_o upon_o woolsacke_n sit_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o master_n of_o the_o roll_n and_o the_o secretary_n of_o estate_n but_o these_o that_o sit_v on_o the_o woolsack_n have_v no_o voice_n in_o the_o house_n but_o only_o sit_v there_o to_o answer_v their_o knowledge_n in_o the_o law_n when_o they_o be_v ask_v if_o any_o doubt_n arise_v among_o the_o lord_n the_o secretary_n to_o answer_v of_o such_o letter_n or_o thing_n pass_v in_o counsel_n whereof_o they_o have_v the_o custody_n and_o knowledge_n and_o this_o be_v call_v the_o upper_a house_n who_o consent_n and_o dissent_n be_v give_v by_o each_o man_n several_o and_o by_o himself_o first_o for_o himself_o and_o then_o several_o for_o so_o many_o as_o he_o have_v letter_n and_o proxy_n when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o question_n say_v only_o content_a or_o not_o content_a without_o further_a reason_n or_o reply_v in_o this_o mean_a time_n the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o burgess_n of_o the_o parliament_n for_o so_o they_o be_v call_v that_o have_v voice_n in_o parliament_n and_o be_v choose_v as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o to_o the_o number_n betwixt_o three_o c._n and_o iiii_o c._o be_v call_v by_o such_o as_o it_o please_v the_o prince_n to_o appoint_v into_o another_o great_a house_n or_o chamber_n by_o name_n to_o which_o they_o answer_v and_o declare_v for_o what_o shire_n or_o town_n they_o answer_v then_o they_o be_v will_v to_o choose_v a_o able_a &_o discreet_a man_n to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o mouth_n of_o they_o all_z &_o to_o speak_v for_o and_o in_o the_o name_n of_o they_o and_o to_o present_v he_o so_o choose_v by_o they_o to_o the_o prince_n which_o do_v they_o come_v all_o with_o he_o to_o a_o bar_n which_o be_v at_o the_o nether_a end_n of_o the_o upper_a house_n there_o he_o first_o praise_v the_o prince_n then_o make_v his_o excuse_n of_o unabilitie_n and_o pray_v the_o prince_n that_o he_o will_v command_v the_o commons_o to_o choose_v another_o the_o chancellor_n in_o the_o princess_n name_n do_v so_o much_o declare_v he_o able_a as_o he_o do_v declare_v himself_o unable_a and_o thank_v the_o commons_o for_o choose_v so_o wise_a discreet_a and_o eloquent_a a_o man_n and_o will_v they_o to_o go_v and_o consult_v of_o law_n for_o the_o common_a wealth_n then_o the_o speaker_n make_v certain_a request_n to_o the_o prince_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o commons_o first_o that_o his_o majesty_n will_v be_v content_a that_o they_o may_v use_v and_o enjoy_v all_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n that_o the_o common_a house_n be_v wont_a to_o enjoy_v second_o that_o they_o may_v francke_o and_o free_o say_v their_o mind_n in_o dispute_v of_o such_o matter_n as_o may_v come_v in_o question_n and_o that_o without_o offence_n to_o his_o majesty_n three_o that_o if_o any_o shall_v chance_v of_o that_o low_a house_n to_o offend_v or_o not_o to_o do_v or_o say_v as_o shall_v become_v he_o or_o if_o any_o shall_v offend_v any_o of_o they_o be_v call_v to_o that_o his_o highness_n court_n that_o they_o themselves_o may_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n have_v the_o punishment_n of_o they_o and_o four_o that_o if_o there_o come_v any_o doubt_n whereupon_o they_o shall_v desire_v to_o have_v thaduise_n or_o conference_n with_o his_o majesty_n or_o with_o any_o of_o the_o lord_n
concern_v such_o a_o matter_n say_v yea_o then_o they_o which_o allow_v the_o bill_n cry_v yea_o and_o as_o many_o as_o will_v not_o say_v no_o as_o the_o cry_n of_o yea_o or_o no_o be_v big_a so_o the_o bill_n be_v allow_v or_o dash_v if_o it_o be_v a_o doubt_n which_o cry_n be_v the_o big_a they_o divide_v the_o house_n the_o speaker_n say_v as_o many_o as_o do_v alow_o the_o bill_n go_v down_o with_o the_o bill_n and_o as_o many_o as_o do_v not_o sit_v still_o so_o they_o divide_v themselves_o and_o be_v so_o divide_v they_o be_v number_v who_o make_v the_o more_o part_n and_o so_o the_o bill_n do_v speed_n it_o chance_v sometime_o that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v allow_v some_o other_o part_n have_v much_o contrariety_n and_o doubt_n make_v of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v think_v if_o it_o be_v amend_v it_o will_v go_v forward_o then_o they_o choose_v certain_a committee_n of_o they_o who_o have_v speak_v with_o the_o bill_n &_o against_o it_o to_o amend_v it_o and_o bring_v it_o in_o again_o so_o amend_v as_o they_o amongst_o they_o shall_v think_v meet_a and_o this_o be_v before_o it_o be_v engross_v yea_o &_o some_o time_n after_o but_o y_o e_o agreement_n of_o these_o committee_n be_v no_o prejudice_n to_o the_o house_n for_o at_o the_o last_o question_n they_o will_v either_o accept_v it_o or_o dash_v it_o as_o it_o shall_v seem_v good_a notwithstanding_o you_o â—_o whatsoever_o the_o committee_n have_v do_v thus_o no_o bill_n be_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n ordinance_n or_o edict_n of_o law_n until_o both_o the_o house_n severallie_o have_v agree_v unto_o it_o after_o the_o order_n aforesaid_a no_o nor_o then_o neither_o but_o the_o last_o day_n of_o that_o parliament_n or_o session_n the_o prince_n come_v in_o person_n in_o his_o parliament_n robe_n and_o sit_v in_o his_o state_n all_o the_o upper_a house_n sit_v about_o the_o prince_n in_o their_o state_n and_o order_n in_o their_o robe_n the_o speaker_n with_o all_o the_o common_a house_n come_v to_o the_o bar_n and_o there_o after_o thankesgve_v first_o in_o the_o lord_n name_n by_o the_o chaunceller_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o commons_o name_n by_o the_o speaker_n to_o the_o prince_n for_o that_o he_o have_v so_o great_a care_n of_o the_o good_a government_n of_o his_o people_n and_o for_o call_v they_o together_o to_o advise_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o shall_v be_v for_o the_o reformation_n establish_v &_o ornament_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n the_o chaunceller_n in_o y_z e_z prince_n name_n give_v thanks_n to_o the_o lord_n &_o commons_n for_o their_o pain_n and_o travail_n take_v which_o he_o say_v the_o prince_n will_v remember_v and_o recompense_v when_o time_n and_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v and_o y_fw-fr â—_o he_o for_o his_o part_n be_v ready_a to_o declare_v his_o pleasure_n concern_v their_o proceed_n whereby_o the_o same_o may_v have_v perfect_a life_n &_o accomplishment_n by_o his_o princely_a authority_n and_o so_o have_v the_o whole_a consent_n of_o the_o realm_n than_o one_o read_v the_o title_n of_o every_o act_n which_o have_v pass_v at_o that_o session_n but_o only_o in_o this_o fashion_n a_o act_n concern_v such_o a_o thing_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v mark_v there_o what_o the_o prince_n do_v allow_v and_o to_o such_o he_o say_v le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr or_o la_fw-fr royne_n le_fw-fr veult_n and_o those_o be_v take_v now_o as_o perfect_a law_n and_o ordinance_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o none_o other_o and_o as_o short_o as_o may_v be_v put_v in_o print_n except_o it_o be_v some_o private_a cause_n or_o law_n make_v for_o the_o benefit_n or_o prejudice_n of_o some_o private_a man_n which_o the_o roman_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v privilegia_fw-la these_o be_v only_o exemplify_v under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_v not_o print_v to_o those_o which_o the_o prince_n like_v not_o he_o answer_v le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr or_o la_fw-fr royne_n saduisera_fw-la &_o those_o be_v account_v utter_o dash_v and_o of_o no_o effect_n this_o be_v the_o order_n and_o form_n of_o the_o high_a and_o most_o authentical_a court_n of_o england_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o all_o those_o thing_n be_v establish_v whereof_o i_o speak_v before_o and_o no_o other_o mean_n account_v available_a to_o make_v any_o new_a forfeiture_n of_o life_n member_n or_o land_n of_o any_o english_a man_n where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n ordain_v for_o it_o before_o now_o let_v we_o speak_v of_o the_o say_a part_n when_o they_o be_v several_a of_o the_o monarch_n king_n or_o queen_n of_o england_n chap._n 3._o the_o prince_n who_o i_o now_o call_v as_o i_o have_v often_o before_o the_o monarch_n of_o england_n king_n or_o queen_n have_v absolute_o in_o his_o power_n the_o authority_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n to_o defy_v what_o prince_n it_o shall_v please_v he_o and_o to_o bid_v he_o war_n and_o again_o to_o reconcile_v himself_o and_o enter_v into_o league_n or_o truce_n with_o he_o at_o his_o pleasure_n or_o the_o advice_n only_o of_o his_o privy_a counsel_n his_o privy_a counsel_n be_v choose_v also_o at_o the_o prince_n pleasure_n out_o of_o the_o nobility_n or_o barony_n and_o of_o the_o knight_n and_o esquire_n such_o and_o so_o many_o as_o he_o shall_v think_v good_a who_o do_v consult_v daily_o or_o when_o need_n be_v of_o the_o weighty_a matter_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o give_v therein_o to_o their_o prince_n the_o best_a advice_n they_o can_v the_o prince_n do_v participate_v to_o they_o all_o or_o so_o many_o of_o they_o as_o he_o shall_v think_v good_a such_o legation_n and_o message_n as_o come_v from_o foreign_a prince_n such_o letter_n or_o occurrentes_fw-la as_o be_v send_v to_o himself_o or_o to_o his_o secretary_n and_o keep_v so_o many_o ambassade_n and_o letter_n send_v unto_o he_o secret_a as_o he_o will_v although_o these_o have_v a_o particular_a oath_n of_o a_o counsellor_n touch_v faith_n and_o secret_n administer_v unto_o they_o when_o they_o be_v first_o admit_v into_o that_o company_n so_o that_o herein_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v far_o more_o absolute_a than_o either_o the_o dukedom_n of_o venice_n be_v or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v in_o war_n time_n &_o in_o the_o field_n the_o prince_n have_v also_o absolute_a power_n so_o that_o his_o word_n be_v a_o law_n he_o may_v put_v to_o death_n or_o to_o other_o bodily_a punishment_n who_o he_o shall_v think_v so_o to_o deserve_v without_o process_n of_o law_n or_o form_n of_o judgement_n this_o have_v be_v sometime_o use_v within_o the_o realm_n before_o any_o open_a war_n in_o sodden_a insurrection_n and_o rebellion_n but_o that_o not_o allow_v of_o wise_a and_o grave_a man_n who_o in_o that_o their_o judgement_n have_v consideration_n of_o the_o consequence_n and_o example_n much_o as_n of_o the_o present_a necessity_n especial_o when_o by_o any_o mean_v the_o punishment_n may_v have_v be_v do_v by_o order_n of_o law_n this_o absolute_a power_n be_v call_v martial_a law_n and_o ever_o be_v and_o necessary_o must_v be_v use_v in_o all_o camp_n and_o host_n of_o man_n where_o the_o time_n nor_o place_n do_v suffer_v the_o tarriance_n of_o plead_v and_o process_n be_v it_o never_o so_o short_a and_o the_o important_a necessity_n require_v speedy_a execution_n that_o with_o more_o awe_n the_o soldier_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o more_o straight_a obedience_n without_o which_o never_o captain_n can_v do_v any_o thing_n vaileable_a in_o the_o war_n the_o prince_n use_v also_o absolute_a power_n in_o cry_v and_o decree_a the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n by_o his_o proclamation_n only_o the_o money_n be_v always_o stamp_v with_o the_o pinces_n image_n and_o title_n the_o form_n fashion_n manner_n weight_n fineness_n and_o baseness_n thereof_o be_v at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o prince_n for_o who_o shall_v the_o people_n trust_v more_o in_o that_o matter_n than_o their_o prince_n see_v the_o coin_n be_v only_o to_o certify_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o mettle_n and_o the_o weight_n which_o be_v affirm_v by_o the_o princess_n image_n and_o mark_n but_o if_o the_o prince_n will_v deceive_v they_o and_o give_v copper_n for_o silver_n or_o gold_n or_o enhance_v his_o coin_n more_o than_o it_o be_v worth_a he_o be_v deceive_v himself_o as_o well_o as_o he_o do_v go_v about_o to_o deceive_v his_o subject_n for_o in_o the_o same_o sort_n they_o pay_v the_o prince_n his_o rent_n and_o custom_n and_o in_o time_n they_o will_v make_v he_o pay_v rateable_o or_o more_o for_o meat_n drink_n and_o victual_n for_o he_o and_o he_o and_o for_o their_o labour_n which_o experience_n do_v teach_v we_o now_o in_o our_o day_n to_o be_v do_v in_o all_o region_n for_o there_o ever_o have_v be_v &_o ever_o will_v be_v
many_o thing_n different_a from_o the_o fashion_n use_v either_o in_o france_n or_o in_o italy_n or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n where_o the_o emperor_n law_n and_o constitution_n call_v the_o civil_a law_n be_v put_v in_o use_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a here_o to_o make_v a_o little_a digression_n to_o the_o intent_n that_o that_o which_o be_v say_v hereafter_o may_v be_v better_o understand_v all_o pursuite_n and_o action_n we_o call_v they_o in_o our_o english_a tongue_n plea_n and_o in_o barbarous_a but_o now_o usual_a latin_n placita_fw-la take_v that_o name_n abusive_a of_o the_o definitive_a sentence_n which_o may_v well_o be_v call_v placitum_fw-la or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o french_a use_v the_o same_o call_n in_o their_o language_n the_o sentence_n of_o their_o judge_n areste_fw-fr or_o arrest_v in_o which_o word_n notwithstanding_o after_o their_o custom_n they_o do_v not_o find_v the_o s._n but_o we_o call_v placitum_fw-la the_o action_n not_o the_o sentence_n and_o placitare_fw-la barbarouslie_o or_o to_o plead_v in_o english_a agere_fw-la or_o litigare_fw-la now_o in_o all_o judgement_n necessary_o be_v two_o party_n the_o first_o we_o call_v the_o impleader_n suitor_n demaunder_n or_o demaundaunt_a and_o plaintiff_n in_o criminal_a cause_n if_o he_o profess_v to_o be_v a_o accuser_n we_o call_v he_o appellant_n or_o appellour_n and_o so_o accusation_n we_o call_v appeal_v the_o other_o we_o call_v the_o defendant_n and_o in_o criminal_a cause_n prisoner_n for_o he_o can_v answer_v in_o cause_n criminal_a before_o he_o do_v render_v himself_o or_o be_v render_v prisoner_n index_n be_v of_o we_o call_v judge_n but_o our_o fashion_n be_v so_o diverse_a that_o they_o which_o give_v the_o deadly_a stroke_n and_o either_o condemn_v or_o acquit_v the_o man_n for_o guilty_a or_o not_o guilty_a be_v not_o call_v judge_n but_o the_o twelve_o man_n and_o the_o same_o order_n aswell_o be_v in_o civil_a matter_n and_o pecuniary_a as_o in_o matter_n criminal_a of_o plea_n or_o action_n chap._n 9_o plea_n or_o action_n criminal_a be_v in_o english_a call_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v all_o those_o which_o tend_v to_o take_v away_o a_o man_n life_n or_o any_o member_n of_o he_o for_o his_o evil_n deserve_v against_o the_o prince_n and_o common_a wealth_n and_o this_o name_n be_v give_v not_o without_o a_o cause_n for_o take_v this_o for_o a_o principle_n that_o the_o life_n and_o member_n of_o a_o englishman_n be_v in_o the_o power_n only_o of_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o law_n when_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n be_v spoil_v either_o of_o life_n or_o member_n the_o prince_n be_v endamage_v thereby_o and_o have_v good_a cause_n to_o ask_v account_n how_o his_o subject_n shall_v come_v to_o that_o mischief_n and_o again_o for_o so_o much_o as_o the_o prince_n who_o govern_v the_o sceptre_n and_o hold_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v this_o in_o his_o care_n and_o charge_n to_o see_v the_o realm_n well_o govern_v the_o life_n member_n and_o possession_n of_o his_o subject_n keep_v in_o peace_n and_o assurance_n he_o that_o by_o violence_n shall_v attempt_v to_o break_v that_o peace_n and_o assurance_n have_v forfeit_v against_o the_o sceptre_n and_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o not_o without_o a_o cause_n in_o all_o inquisition_n and_o inditemente_n if_o any_o be_v find_v by_o the_o twelve_o man_n to_o have_v offend_v in_o that_o behalf_n straight_o the_o prince_n be_v say_v to_o be_v party_n and_o he_o that_o shall_v speak_v for_o the_o prisoner_n shall_v be_v rebuke_v as_o speak_v against_o the_o prince_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v never_o defend_v but_o the_o prisoner_n and_o party_n defendant_n in_o any_o cause_n may_v allege_v for_o he_o all_o the_o reason_n mean_n and_o defence_n that_o he_o can_v and_o shall_v be_v peaceable_o hear_v and_o quiet_o but_o in_o those_o plea_n &_o pursuite_n of_o the_o crown_n procurer_n or_o advocate_n he_o get_v none_o plea._n which_o in_o civil_a and_o pecuniary_a matter_n be_v it_o for_o land_n rent_n right_a or_o possession_n although_o he_o plead_v against_o the_o prince_n himself_o be_v never_o deny_v plea_n civil_a be_v either_o personal_a or_o real_a personal_a as_o contract_n or_o for_o injury_n precept_n real_a be_v either_o possessory_a to_o ask_v or_o to_o keep_v the_o possession_n or_o in_o rem_fw-la which_o we_o call_v a_o write_v of_o right_a for_o that_o which_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v call_v actio_fw-la or_o formula_fw-la we_o call_v write_v in_o english_a so_o the_o greek_n call_v it_o word_n for_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o our_o barbarous_a latin_a we_o name_v it_o breve_fw-la and_o as_o the_o old_a roman_n have_v their_o action_n some_o ex_fw-la jure_fw-la civili_fw-la and_o some_o ex_fw-la jure_fw-la praetorio_fw-la and_o ordinary_o praetor_n dabat_fw-la actiones_fw-la &_o formulas_fw-la actionum_fw-la so_o in_o england_n we_o retain_v still_o this_o and_o have_v some_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n other_o out_o of_o the_o common_a place_n or_o the_o king_n bench_n of_o the_o chief_a tribunal_n bench_n or_o court_n of_o england_n chap._n 10._o in_o time_n past_a as_o may_v appear_v to_o he_o that_o shall_v with_o judgement_n read_v the_o history_n and_o antiquite_v of_o england_n the_o court_n and_o bench_n follow_v the_o king_n and_o his_o court_n wheresoever_o he_o go_v especial_o short_o after_o the_o conquest_n which_o thing_n be_v find_v very_o cumbersome_a painful_a and_o chargeable_a to_o the_o people_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o parliament_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o stand_a place_n where_o judgement_n shall_v be_v give_v and_o it_o have_v long_a time_n be_v use_v in_o westminster_n hall_n which_o king_n william_n rufus_n build_v for_o the_o hall_n of_o his_o own_o house_n in_o that_o hall_n be_v ordinary_o see_v 3._o tribunal_n or_o judge_n seat_n at_o the_o entry_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o common_a place_n where_o civil_a matter_n be_v to_o be_v plead_v special_o such_o as_o touch_v land_n or_o contract_n at_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o hall_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o king_n bench_n where_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n have_v their_o place_n and_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n sit_v the_o chancellor_n accompany_v with_o the_o master_n of_o the_o roll_n who_o in_o latin_a may_v be_v call_v custos_fw-la archivorum_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o certain_a man_n learn_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v master_n of_o the_o chancery_n in_o latin_a they_o may_v be_v name_v assessores_fw-la of_o the_o time_n of_o plead_v call_v term_n &_o of_o the_o chancellor_n and_o chancery_n chap._n ii_o two_o thing_n may_v be_v move_v in_o question_n here_o how_o all_o england_n be_v so_o long_o and_o so_o large_a and_o have_v so_o many_o shire_n and_o province_n therein_o can_v be_v answer_v of_o justice_n in_o one_o place_n and_o in_o 3._o bench_n be_v they_o never_o so_o great_a a_o other_o whereas_o the_o king_n bench_n be_v exercise_v in_o criminal_a cause_n and_o in_o all_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o common_a place_n in_o all_o civil_a cause_n real_a and_o personal_a what_o place_n then_o have_v the_o chancery_n the_o first_o question_n will_v seem_v more_o marvellous_a and_o have_v more_o occasion_n of_o doubt_n when_o i_o shall_v also_o tell_v that_o the_o law_n be_v not_o open_a at_o all_o time_n no_o not_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o year_n but_o where_o all_o other_o city_n and_o common_a wealth_n have_v all_o the_o year_n plea_n suit_n and_o judgement_n except_o for_o certain_a holy_a day_n and_o harvest_n and_o vintage_n or_o when_o for_o some_o urgent_a cause_n the_o law_n be_v command_v to_o be_v stop_v which_o be_v call_v justitium_fw-la contrary_a in_o we_o it_o be_v but_o few_o time_n open_a that_o be_v only_o four_o time_n in_o the_o year_n which_o they_o call_v term_n after_o michaelmas_n about_o ten_o day_n during_o five_o or_o six_o week_n at_o the_o least_o after_o christmas_n about_o a_o month_n endure_v by_o the_o space_n of_o three_o week_n then_o from_o xvij_o day_n after_o easter_n by_o the_o space_n of_o three_o week_n &_o odd_a day_n likewise_o from_o the_o sixth_o or_o seven_o day_n after_o trinity_n sunday_n during_o two_o week_n and_o odd_a day_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n there_o be_v no_o plead_n enter_v nor_o pursue_v of_o action_n this_o small_a time_n and_o all_o that_o but_o in_o one_o place_n may_v seem_v verse_n injurious_a to_o the_o people_n who_o must_v be_v fain_o to_o suffer_v much_o wrong_n for_o lack_n of_o justice_n and_o of_o place_n and_o time_n to_o plead_v but_o unto_o that_o hereafter_o i_o intend_v to_o answer_v more_o full_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n that_o shall_v suffice_v which_o the_o wise_a cato_n answer_v to_o one_o who_o move_v that_o the_o
facto_fw-la ius_fw-la oritur_fw-la here_o the_o sergeante_n or_o counsellor_n before_o the_o judge_n do_v in_o pass_a forewarde_n with_o their_o plead_n determine_v and_o agree_v upon_o the_o law_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o in_o manner_n all_o action_n as_o well_o criminiall_a as_o civil_a come_v to_o the_o issue_n &_o state_n of_o some_o fact_n which_o be_v deny_v of_o the_o one_o party_n and_o aver_v of_o the_o other_o which_o fact_n be_v try_v by_o the_o xij_o man_n as_o they_o find_v so_o the_o action_n be_v win_v or_o lose_v and_o if_o a_o man_n have_v many_o peremptory_a exception_n peremptory_a exception_n i_o call_v only_o those_o which_o can_v make_v the_o state_n and_o issue_n because_o the_o xij_o man_n be_v common_o rude_a and_o ignorant_a the_o party_n be_v compel_v to_o choose_v one_o exception_n whereupon_o to_o find_v his_o issue_n which_o choose_v if_o he_o fail_v in_o that_o by_o the_o verdict_n of_o xij_o man_n he_o lose_v his_o action_n and_o cause_n and_o the_o rest_n can_v serve_v he_o for_o nothing_o have_v see_v both_o in_o france_n and_o other_o place_n many_o device_n edict_n and_o ordinance_n how_o to_o abridge_v process_n and_o to_o find_v how_o that_o long_a suit_n in_o law_n may_v be_v make_v short_a i_o have_v not_o perceive_v nor_o read_v as_o yet_o so_o wise_a so_o just_a and_o so_o well_o devise_v a_o mean_a find_v out_o as_o this_o by_o any_o man_n among_o we_o in_o europe_n truth_n it_o be_v that_o where_o this_o fashion_n have_v not_o be_v use_v and_o to_o they_o to_o who_o it_o be_v new_a it_o will_v not_o be_v so_o easy_o understand_v and_o therefore_o they_o may_v peradventure_o be_v of_o contrary_a judgement_n but_o the_o more_o they_o do_v weigh_v and_o consider_v it_o the_o more_o reasonable_a they_o shall_v find_v it_o how_o the_o issue_n question_n or_o status_fw-la iuris_fw-la be_v decide_v i_o have_v tell_v now_o i_o will_v show_v how_o it_o be_v try_v when_o it_o do_v come_v to_o the_o question_n state_n or_o issue_n of_o the_o deed_n or_o fact_n and_o first_o i_o must_v speak_v more_o large_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o the_o process_n and_o of_o such_o person_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o execution_n thereof_o of_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o of_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n chap._n 14._o the_o roman_n have_v to_o execute_v the_o commandment_n of_o the_o magistrate_n lictores_fw-la viatores_fw-la accensos_fw-la the_o civil_a law_n since_o that_o time_n have_v other_o name_n term_n and_o officer_n the_o execution_n of_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o magistrate_n in_o england_n be_v ordinary_o do_v by_o the_o sheriff_n the_o sheriff_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o the_o réeve_v or_o bailie_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v proper_o word_n for_o word_n questor_n provinciae_fw-la it_o be_v he_o which_o gather_v uppe_o and_o account_v for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o shire_n that_o come_v to_o the_o exchequer_n the_o exchequer_n which_o be_v fiscus_fw-la principis_fw-la or_o aerarium_fw-la publicum_fw-la and_o i_o can_v tell_v in_o what_o language_n it_o be_v call_v scaccarium_n some_o think_v that_o it_o be_v first_o call_v statarium_fw-la because_o that_o there_o be_v the_o stable_a place_n to_o account_v for_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n aswell_o that_o which_o come_v of_o the_o patrimony_n which_o we_o call_v the_o demesne_n as_o that_o which_o come_v of_o other_o incident_a acquisition_n be_v they_o rent_n custom_n tenthes_o quinziesme_n tax_n subsidy_n wheresoever_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o court_n be_v according_a to_o the_o time_n and_o occasion_n be_v a_o place_n stable_n continual_a and_o appoint_v for_o to_o reckon_v and_o account_v the_o hearer_n of_o the_o account_n who_o in_o latin_a may_v be_v call_v tribuni_fw-la aerarij_fw-la have_v auditor_n under_o they_o which_o the_o latin_n do_v call_v rationales_fw-la but_o they_o be_v the_o chief_a for_o the_o account_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o may_v be_v call_v juridicirationale_n in_o english_a we_o call_v they_o baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n whereof_o be_v one_o who_o be_v call_v the_o chief_a baron_n as_o tribunus_n or_o juridicus_fw-la rationalis_fw-la primus_fw-la or_o princeps_fw-la the_o chief_a of_o all_o be_v call_v high_a treasurer_n of_o england_n as_o you_o will_v say_v in_o latin_a supremus_fw-la aerarij_fw-la anglici_fw-la quaestor_fw-la or_o tribunus_n aerarius_fw-la maximus_fw-la in_o this_o court_n be_v hear_v quadruplatores_fw-la which_o we_o call_v promoter_n which_o be_v those_o that_o in_o popular_a and_o penal_a action_n be_v delatores_fw-la have_v thereby_o part_n of_o the_o profit_n by_o the_o law_n assign_v in_o this_o court_n if_o any_o question_n be_v it_o be_v determine_v after_o the_o order_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n by_o the_o xij_o man_n as_o i_o have_v say_v and_o all_o customer_n which_o be_v in_o latin_a call_v publicarij_fw-la in_fw-la gréeke_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d do_v account_n in_o this_o office_n the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v call_v in_o our_o common_a latin_a vicecome_v as_o one_o will_v say_v vicarius_fw-la comitis_fw-la or_o procome_v do_v that_o service_n to_o attend_v upon_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o tribunalle_n or_o judge_n which_o the_o earl_n or_o county_n shall_v do_v which_o earl_n or_o country_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v attend_v upon_o the_o prince_n in_o the_o war_n or_o otherwise_o about_o the_o prince_n as_o the_o word_n bear_v comes_fw-la principis_fw-la whereby_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o chief_a office_n of_o the_o county_n or_o earl_n be_v to_o see_v the_o king_n justice_n to_o have_v course_n and_o to_o be_v well_o execute_v in_o the_o shire_n or_o county_n and_o the_o prince_n revenue_n well_o answer_v and_o bring_v in_o aerarium_fw-la principis_fw-la which_o be_v call_v of_o we_o the_o treasury_n if_o any_o fine_n or_o amerciament_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v mulctae_fw-la belevy_v in_o any_o of_o the_o say_a court_n upon_o any_o man_n or_o any_o arrearage_n of_o account_n by_o the_o latin_n call_v reliqua_fw-la of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v of_o custom_n tax_n subsidy_n or_o any_o other_o such_o occasion_n the_o same_o y_fw-fr e_o sheriff_n of_o the_o shire_n do_v gather_v and_o be_v respondent_fw-la therefore_o in_o the_o exchequer_n as_o for_o other_o ordinary_a rent_n of_o patrimonial_a land_n and_o most_o common_o for_o the_o tax_n custom_n and_o subsidy_n there_o be_v particular_a receiver_n and_o collector_n which_o do_v answer_v it_o into_o the_o exchequer_n the_o sheriff_n have_v under_o he_o a_o under_o sheriff_n at_o his_o charge_n and_o appointment_n learn_v somewhat_o in_o the_o law_n especial_o if_o he_o be_v not_o learn_v himself_o &_o diverse_a bailiff_n which_o he_o call_v errantes_fw-la who_o he_o make_v at_o his_o pleasure_n who_o can_v know_v each_o land_n and_o person_n in_o the_o shire_n and_o their_o ability_n to_o go_v upon_o enqueste_n either_o to_o distreine_v or_o to_o summon_v he_o to_o appear_v who_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v appoint_v and_o for_o this_o cause_n to_o the_o sheriff_n as_o to_o the_o minister_n most_o proper_a of_o the_o law_n the_o writ_n be_v direct_v when_o any_o thing_n come_v to_o a_o issue_n of_o the_o deed_n or_o fact_n there_o be_v a_o writ_n or_o write_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o shire_n where_o the_o land_n be_v whereupon_o the_o controversy_n be_v or_o where_o the_o man_n dwell_v of_o who_o the_o money_n be_v demand_v which_o writ_n be_v call_v venire_fw-la facias_fw-la then_o after_o the_o same_o effect_n an_o alias_o plury_n or_o distringas_fw-la according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n to_o the_o return_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o if_o for_o any_o disobedience_n of_o not_o come_v and_o appear_v there_o be_v a_o fine_a which_o the_o latin_n do_v call_v mulcta_fw-la set_v upon_o any_o juror_n head_n the_o sheriff_n be_v charge_v with_o it_o and_o take_v the_o distress_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v pignora_fw-la and_o answer_v therefore_o to_o the_o exchequer_n the_o sheriff_n also_o be_v ready_a by_o himself_o or_o by_o his_o undersherife_n to_o serve_v aswell_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n in_o their_o quarter_n session_n as_o y_z e_z justice_n call_v itinerante_n in_o their_o great_a assize_n when_o they_o come_v into_o the_o shire_n which_o be_v twice_o in_o the_o year_n to_o dispatch_v and_o void_a action_n criminal_a and_o civil_a depend_v at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o which_o be_v come_v now_o to_o the_o issue_n he_o have_v also_o the_o charge_n of_o all_o the_o prisoner_n commit_v to_o y_z e_z prison_n which_o we_o call_v the_o gaol_n and_o when_o any_o be_v condemn_v to_o die_v it_o be_v his_o charge_n to_o see_v the_o sentence_n execute_v to_o be_v short_a he_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o general_a minister_n
so_o the_o people_n be_v accustom_v to_o live_v in_o such_o a_o equality_n of_o justice_n &_o that_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o y_z e_z rich_a have_v no_o more_o advantage_n therein_o than_o the_o poor_a the_o process_n and_o proceed_n to_o the_o judgement_n be_v so_o short_a and_o judgement_n also_o be_v peremptory_a and_o without_o appellation_n yet_o to_o help_v for_o small_a matter_n where_o no_o great_a sum_n be_v in_o question_n there_o be_v other_o court_n in_o every_o shire_n from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n the_o sheriff_n for_o small_a thing_n not_o pass_v xl_o s._n and_o in_o certain_a hundred_o and_o liberty_n the_o bailiff_n likewise_o from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n hold_v plea._n and_o whosoever_o be_v possessioner_n and_o owner_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v hold_v from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n or_o at_o his_o pleasure_n of_o his_o tennante_n and_o amongst_o his_o tennante_n a_o court_n call_v a_o court_n baron_fw-fr and_o there_o his_o tennantes_n be_v swear_v make_v a_o jury_n which_o be_v not_o call_v the_o enquest_n but_o the_o homage_n these_o principal_o do_v inquire_v of_o the_o copy_n holder_n and_o other_o free_a holder_n that_n be_v dead_a since_o the_o last_o court_n and_o bring_v in_o their_o heir_n and_o next_o successor_n and_o likewise_o of_o incrochment_n or_o intrusion_n of_o any_o of_o the_o tennante_n against_o the_o lord_n or_o among_o themselves_o they_o make_v order_n and_o law_n amongst_o themselves_o the_o pain_n of_o they_o if_o they_o be_v after_o break_v come_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o if_o any_o small_a matter_n be_v in_o controversy_n it_o be_v put_v to_o they_o and_o common_o they_o do_v end_v it_o but_o these_o court_n do_v serve_v rather_o for_o man_n that_o can_v be_v content_a to_o be_v order_v by_o their_o neighbour_n and_o which_o love_n their_o quiet_a and_o profit_n in_o their_o husbandry_n more_o than_o to_o be_v busy_a in_o the_o law_n for_o whether_o party_n soever_o will_v may_v procure_v a_o write_v out_o of_o the_o high_a court_n to_o remove_v the_o plea_n to_o westminster_n in_o city_n and_o other_o great_a town_n there_o be_v diverse_a liberty_n to_o hold_v plea_n for_o a_o big_a sum_n which_o do_v determine_v aswell_o as_o the_o common_a law_n and_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o yet_o for_o they_o that_o will_v it_o may_v be_v remoove_v to_o westminster_n hall_n king_n henry_n the_o eight_o ordain_v first_o a_o precedent_n counsellor_n and_o judge_n one_o for_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n at_o ludlowe_n or_o else_o where_o a_o other_o for_o the_o north_n part_n of_o england_n at_o york_n where_o be_v many_o cause_n determine_v these_o two_o be_v as_o be_v parliament_n in_o france_n but_o yet_o if_o there_o be_v any_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n the_o party_n may_v move_v it_o at_o the_o first_o or_o remove_v it_o afterwards_o to_o westminster_n hall_n and_o to_o the_o ordinary_a judge_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o to_o the_o chanceller_n as_o the_o matter_n be_v these_o two_o court_n do_v hear_v matter_n before_o they_o part_n after_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o part_n after_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o chancery_n of_o the_o leete_n or_o law_n day_n chap._n 18._o leete_n or_o law_n day_n be_v not_o incident_a to_o every_o manor_n but_o to_o those_o only_o which_o by_o special_a grant_n or_o long_a prescription_n have_v such_o liberty_n this_o be_v as_o it_o may_v appear_v first_o a_o special_a trust_n and_o confidence_n and_o commission_n give_v to_o a_o few_o put_v in_o trust_n by_o the_o prince_n as_o be_v now_o to_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n to_o see_v man_n swear_v to_o the_o prince_n to_o take_v pledge_n and_o surety_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o one_o for_o a_o other_o to_o answer_v for_o obedience_n and_o truth_n to_o inquire_v of_o privy_a conspiracy_n fray_n murder_n and_o bloudshedde_n and_o to_o this_o be_v add_v the_o oversight_n of_o bread_n and_o ale_n and_o other_o measure_n many_o time_n they_o that_o be_v out_o of_o the_o homage_n and_o court_n baron_n of_o that_o manor_n and_o lordship_n be_v nevertheless_o astrein_v and_o answerable_a to_o come_v to_o the_o léete_v this_o léete_v be_v ordinary_o keep_v but_o twice_o in_o the_o year_n and_o that_o at_o term_n and_o time_n prescribe_v the_o léete_v or_o law_n day_n be_v all_o one_o and_o betoken_v word_n for_o word_n legittimum_fw-la or_o iuridicum_fw-la diem_fw-la law_n the_o old_a saxon_n call_v lant_n or_o lag_v and_o so_o by_o corruption_n and_o change_v of_o language_n from_o lant_n to_o leete_n understand_v day_n they_o which_o keep_v our_o full_a english_a term_n call_v it_o yet_o law_n day_n of_o the_o proceed_n of_o cause_n criminal_a and_o first_o of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n chap._n 19_o before_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o cause_n criminal_a can_v be_v well_o understand_v it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o speak_v of_o three_o person_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n the_o coroner_n and_o the_o constable_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v man_n elect_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n high_a and_o low_o that_o be_v the_o duke_n marquess_n baron_n knight_n esquier_n and_o gentleman_n and_o of_o such_o as_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law_n such_o and_o in_o such_o number_n as_o the_o prince_n shall_v think_v meet_a and_o in_o who_o for_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n he_o put_v his_o trust_n inhabitant_n within_o the_o county_n save_v that_o some_o of_o the_o high_a nobility_n and_o chief_a magistrate_n for_o honour_n sake_n be_v put_v in_o all_o or_o in_o the_o most_o of_o the_o commission_n of_o all_o the_o shire_n of_o england_n these_o have_v no_o time_n of_o their_o rule_n limit_v but_o by_o commission_n from_o the_o prince_n alterable_a at_o pleasure_n at_o the_o first_o they_o be_v but_o iiij_o after_o viij_o now_o they_o come_v common_o to_o thirty_o or_o xl_o in_o every_o shire_n either_o by_o increase_n of_o riches_n learning_n or_o activity_n in_o policy_n and_o government_n so_o many_o more_o be_v find_v which_o have_v either_o will_n or_o power_n or_o both_o be_v not_o too_o many_a to_o handle_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n in_o this_o behalf_n of_o these_o in_o the_o same_o commission_n be_v certain_a name_v which_o be_v call_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la in_o who_o be_v especial_a trust_n repose_v that_o where_o the_o commission_n be_v give_v to_o xl_o or_o thirty_o and_o so_o at_o the_o last_o it_o come_v to_o iiij_o or_o three_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o performance_n of_o many_o affair_n to_o have_v likewise_o diverse_a of_o the_o quorum_fw-la the_o word_n of_o the_o commission_n be_v such_o quorum_fw-la vos_fw-la a_o b._n c_o d._n e_o f._n unum_fw-la esse_fw-la volumus_fw-la the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n be_v those_o in_o who_o at_o this_o time_n for_o the_o repress_v of_o robber_n thief_n and_o vagabund_n of_o privy_a complot_n and_o conspiracy_n of_o riote_n and_o violence_n and_o all_o other_o misdemeanour_n in_o the_o common_a wealth_n the_o prince_n put_v his_o special_a trust_n each_o of_o they_o have_v authority_n upon_o complaint_n to_o he_o make_v of_o any_o theft_n robbery_n manslaughter_n murder_n violence_n complote_v riotte_n unlawefull_a game_n or_o any_o such_o disturbance_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o quiet_a of_o the_o realm_n to_o commit_v the_o person_n who_o he_o suppose_v offender_n to_o the_o prison_n and_o to_o charge_v the_o constable_n or_o sheriff_n to_o bring_v they_o thither_o the_o gaoler_n to_o receive_v they_o and_o keep_v they_o till_o he_o and_o his_o fellow_n do_v meet_v a_o few_o line_n sign_v with_o his_o hand_n be_v enough_o for_o that_o purpose_n these_o do_v meet_v four_o time_n in_o the_o year_n that_o be_v in_o each_o quarter_n once_o to_o inquire_v of_o all_o the_o misdemeanour_n aforesaid_a at_o which_o day_n the_o sheriff_n or_o his_o undersherife_n with_o his_o bailiff_n be_v there_o to_o attend_v upon_o he_o who_o must_v prepare_v against_o that_o time_n four_o enqueste_n of_o twenty-four_o yeoman_n a_o piece_n of_o diverse_a hundredes_o in_o the_o shire_n enquest_n and_o beside_o one_o which_o be_v call_v the_o great_a enquest_n out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o shire_n mingle_v with_o all_o these_o five_o inquest_n be_v swear_v before_o they_o to_o inquire_v of_o all_o heretic_n traitor_n theft_n murder_n manslaughter_n rape_n false_a monier_n extortioner_n riotte_n rout_n forcible_a entry_n unlawefull_a game_n and_o all_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o peace_n and_o good_a order_n of_o the_o realm_n &_o to_o bring_v in_o their_o verdict_n if_o they_o among_o themselves_o upon_o their_o own_o knowledge_n do_v find_v any_o culpable_a they_o cause_v one_o of_o the_o clerk_n to_o make_v the_o bill_n and_o if_o any_o be_v there_o to_o complain_v upon_o any_o
prisoner_n stand_v here_o at_o the_o bar_n if_o any_o man_n can_v say_v anything_o against_o he_o let_v he_o now_o speak_v for_o the_o prisoner_n stand_v at_o his_o deliveraunce_n if_o no_o man_n do_v then_o come_v he_o be_v deliver_v without_o any_o further_a process_n or_o trouble_n agree_v first_o with_o the_o gaoler_n for_o his_o fee_n and_o these_o be_v call_v acquit_v by_o proclamation_n twice_o every_o year_n the_o one_o be_v common_o in_o lend_v what_o time_n there_o be_v vacation_n from_o plead_v in_o westminster_n hall_n the_o other_o be_v in_o the_o vacation_n in_o summer_n the_o prince_n do_v send_v down_o into_o every_o shire_n of_o england_n certain_a of_o his_o judge_n of_o westminster_n hall_n and_o some_o sergeante_n at_o the_o law_n with_o commission_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v joint_o with_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n all_o matter_n criminal_a and_o all_o prisoner_n which_o be_v in_o the_o gaole_n these_o judge_n do_v go_v from_o shire_n to_o shire_n till_o they_o have_v do_v their_o circuit_n of_o so_o many_o shire_n as_o be_v appoint_v to_o they_o for_o that_o year_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o term_n go_v before_o their_o circuit_n it_o be_v write_v and_o set_v up_o in_o westminster_n hall_n on_o what_o day_n and_o in_o what_o place_n they_o will_v be_v that_o day_n there_o méete_v all_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o that_o shire_n the_o sheriff_n of_o that_o shire_n who_o for_o that_o time_n bear_v their_o charge_n and_o ask_v after_o allowance_n for_o it_o in_o the_o exchequer_n the_o sheriff_n have_v ready_a for_o criminal_a cause_n as_o i_o write_v before_o at_o the_o session_n of_o inquiry_n iiii_o v._o or_o vi_fw-la enqueste_n ready_o warn_v to_o appear_v that_o day_n to_o serve_v the_o prince_n and_o so_o many_o more_o as_o he_o be_v command_v to_o have_v ready_a to_o go_v in_o civil_a matter_n betwixt_o private_a man_n which_o they_o call_v nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la because_o that_o word_n be_v in_o the_o writ_n in_o the_o town_n house_n or_o in_o some_o open_a or_o common_a place_n there_o be_v a_o tribunal_n or_o place_n of_o judgement_n make_v aloft_o upon_o the_o high_a bench_n there_o sit_v the_o two_o judge_n which_o be_v send_v down_o in_o commission_n in_o the_o midst_n next_o they_o on_o each_o side_n sit_v the_o justice_n of_o peace_n according_a to_o their_o estate_n and_o degree_n in_o a_o low_a bench_n before_o they_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o some_o other_o gentleman_n or_o their_o clerk_n before_o these_o judge_n and_o justice_n there_o be_v a_o table_n set_v beneath_o at_o which_o sit_v the_o custos_fw-la rotulorum_fw-la or_o keeper_n of_o writ_n thexchetor_n the_o undershirife_n and_o such_o clerk_n as_o do_v write_v at_o the_o end_n of_o that_o table_n there_o be_v a_o bar_n make_v with_o a_o space_n for_o thenqueste_n and_o twelve_o man_n to_o come_v in_o when_o they_o be_v call_v behind_o that_o space_n another_o bar_n and_o there_o stand_v the_o prisoner_n which_o be_v bring_v thither_o by_o the_o gaoler_n all_o chain_a one_o to_o another_o then_o the_o crier_n cry_v and_o command_v silence_n one_o of_o the_o judge_n brief_o tell_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o come_n &_o give_v a_o good_a lesson_n to_o the_o people_n then_o the_o prisoner_n be_v call_v for_o by_o name_n and_o bid_v to_o answer_v to_o their_o name_n and_o when_o the_o custos_fw-la rotulorum_fw-la have_v bring_v forth_o their_o enditement_n the_o judge_n do_v name_n one_o or_o two_o or_o three_o of_o the_o prisoner_n that_o be_v indict_v who_o they_o will_v have_v arraign_v there_o the_o clerk_n speak_v first_o to_o one_o of_o the_o prisoner_n a._n b._n come_v to_o the_o bar_n hold_v up_o thy_o hand_n the_o clerk_n go_v on_o a._n b._n thou_o by_o the_o name_n of_o a._n b._n of_o such_o a_o town_n in_o such_o a_o county_n be_v indict_v that_o such_o a_o day_n in_o such_o a_o place_n thou_o have_v steal_v with_o force_n and_o arm_n a_o horse_n which_o be_v such_o once_o of_o such_o a_o colour_n to_o such_o a_o valour_n and_o carry_v he_o away_o felonious_o &_o contrary_a to_o the_o peace_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lady_n the_o queen_n what_o say_v thou_o to_o it_o be_v thou_o guilty_a or_o not_o guilty_a if_o he_o will_v not_o answer_v or_o not_o answer_v direct_o guilty_a or_o not_o guilty_a after_o he_o have_v be_v once_o or_o twice_o so_o interrogated_a he_o be_v judge_v mute_a that_o be_v dumb_a by_o contumacy_n and_o his_o condemnation_n be_v to_o be_v press_v to_o death_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o cruel_a death_n that_o may_v be_v he_o be_v lay_v upon_o a_o table_n and_o a_o other_o upon_o he_o and_o so_o much_o weight_n of_o stone_n or_o lead_v lay_v upon_o that_o table_n while_o as_o his_o body_n be_v crush_v &_o his_o life_n by_o that_o violence_n take_v from_o he_o this_o death_n some_o strong_a &_o stout_a heart_a man_n do_v choose_v for_o be_v not_o condemn_v of_o felony_n his_o blood_n be_v not_o corrupt_v his_o land_n nor_o good_n confiscate_v to_o the_o prince_n which_o in_o all_o case_n of_o felony_n be_v common_o lose_v from_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n if_o he_o be_v d_o that_o be_v condemn_v for_o a_o fellow_n by_o the_o law_n if_o he_o confess_v the_o enditement_n to_o be_v true_a then_o when_o he_o be_v arraign_v no_o twelve_o man_n go_v upon_o he_o there_o rest_v but_o the_o judge_n sentence_n of_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n if_o he_o plead_v not_o guilty_a as_o common_o all_o thief_n robber_n &_o murderer_n do_v though_o they_o have_v confess_v the_o fact_n before_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n that_o examine_v they_o though_o they_o be_v take_v with_o the_o manner_n which_o in_o latin_a they_o call_v inflagranti_fw-la crimine_fw-la howesoever_o it_o be_v if_o he_o plead_v there_o not_o guilty_a the_o clerk_n ask_v he_o how_o he_o will_v be_v try_v and_o tell_v he_o he_o must_v say_v by_o god_n and_o the_o country_n for_o these_o be_v the_o word_n formal_a of_o this_o trial_n after_o indictment_n and_o where_o the_o prince_n be_v party_n if_o the_o prisoner_n do_v say_v so_o i_o will_v be_v try_v by_o god_n and_o the_o country_n than_o the_o clerk_n repli_v thou_o have_v be_v indict_v of_o such_o a_o crime_n etc._n etc._n thou_o have_v plead_v not_o guilty_a be_v ask_v how_o thou_o will_v be_v try_v thou_o have_v answer_v by_o god_n and_o by_o the_o country_n loe_o these_o honest_a man_n that_o be_v come_v here_o be_v in_o the_o place_n and_o stead_n of_o the_o country_n and_o if_o thou_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o say_v to_o any_o of_o they_o look_v upon_o they_o well_o and_o now_o speak_v for_o thou_o stand_v upon_o thy_o life_n &_o death_n then_o call_v he_o in_o the_o first_o juror_n b._n c._n come_v to_o the_o book_n and_o so_o give_v he_o a_o oath_n to_o go_v uprightlie_o betwixt_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o prisoner_n etc._n etc._n if_o the_o prisoner_n object_v nothing_o against_o he_o he_o call_v a_o other_o and_o so_o a_o other_o till_o there_o be_v twelve_o or_o above_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o prisoner_n can_v say_v nothing_o against_o they_o for_o they_o be_v choose_v but_o for_o that_o day_n and_o be_v unknowen_a to_o he_o nor_o they_o know_v not_o he_o as_o i_o say_v be_v substantial_a yeoman_n that_o dwell_v about_o the_o place_n or_o at_o the_o least_o in_o the_o hundred_o or_o near_o where_o the_o felony_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v commit_v man_n acquaint_v with_o daily_a labour_n and_o travail_n and_o not_o with_o such_o idle_a person_n as_o be_v ready_a to_o do_v such_o mischief_n when_o the_o enquest_n be_v full_a and_o the_o prisoner_n have_v object_v nothing_o against_o they_o as_o in_o deed_n seldom_o he_o do_v for_o the_o cause_n above_o rehearse_v the_o clerk_n say_v to_o the_o crier_n count_n in_o french_a as_o you_o will_v say_v reckon_v and_o so_o name_v all_o those_o that_o be_v on_o the_o quest_n the_o crier_n at_o every_o name_n cry_v aloud_o one_o than_o ij_o iij._n iiij_o and_o so_o till_o the_o number_n be_v full_a of_o twelve_o or_o more_o &_o then_o say_v good_a man_n and_o true_a and_o then_o say_v aloud_o if_o any_o can_v give_v evidence_n or_o can_v say_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o prisoner_n let_v he_o come_v now_o for_o he_o stand_v upon_o his_o deliverance_n if_o no_o man_n come_v in_o than_o the_o judge_n ask_v who_o send_v he_o to_o prison_n who_o be_v common_o one_o of_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n he_o if_o he_o be_v there_o deliver_v up_o the_o examination_n which_o he_o take_v of_o he_o and_o underneath_o the_o name_n of_o those_o who_o he_o have_v bind_v to_o give_v evidence_n although_o the_o malefactor_n have_v
be_v word_n formal_a and_o our_o man_n of_o law_n be_v very_o precise_a in_o their_o word_n formal_a if_o he_o say_v legit_fw-la the_o judge_n proceed_v no_o further_o to_o sentence_n of_o death_n if_o he_o say_v non_fw-fr the_o judge_n forthwith_o or_o the_o next_o day_n proceed_v to_o sentence_n which_o be_v do_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n only_o thou_o a._n have_v be_v indict_v of_o such_o a_o felony_n and_o thereof_o arraign_v thou_o have_v plead_v not_o guilty_a and_o put_v thyself_o upon_o god_n and_o thy_o country_n they_o have_v find_v thou_o guilty_a thou_o have_v nothing_o to_o say_v for_o thyself_o the_o law_n be_v thou_o shall_v first_o return_v to_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o thou_o come_v from_o thence_o thou_o shall_v go_v to_o the_o place_n of_o execution_n there_o thou_o shall_v hang_v till_o thou_o be_v dead_a then_o he_o say_v to_o the_o sheriff_n sheriff_n do_v execution_n he_o that_o claim_v his_o clergy_n be_v burn_v forthwith_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o brawn_n of_o his_o hand_n with_o a_o hot_a iron_n mark_v with_o the_o letter_n t._n for_o a_o thief_n or_o m._n for_o a_o mansleer_n in_o case_n where_o clergy_n be_v admit_v statute_n and_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o bishop_n officer_n to_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o bishop_n prison_n from_o whence_o after_o a_o certain_a time_n by_o a_o other_o enquest_n of_o clerk_n he_o be_v deliver_v and_o let_v at_o large_a but_o if_o he_o be_v take_v and_o condemn_v the_o second_o time_n and_o his_o mark_n espy_v he_o go_v to_o hang_v he_o who_o the_o enquest_n pronounce_v not_o guilty_a be_v acquit_v forthwith_o and_o discharge_v of_o prison_n pay_v the_o gaoler_n fee_n and_o if_o he_o know_v any_o private_a man_n who_o purchase_v his_o indictment_n and_o be_v able_a to_o pursue_v it_o conspire_v he_o may_v have_v a_o action_n of_o conspiracy_n against_o he_o and_o a_o large_a amends_n but_o that_o case_n chance_v seldom_o certain_a order_n peculiar_a to_o england_n touch_v punishment_n of_o malefactor_n chap._n 24._o for_o any_o felony_n manslaughter_n robbery_n murder_n rape_n and_o such_o capital_a crime_n as_o touch_v not_o treason_n &_o laesam_fw-la maiestatem_fw-la we_o have_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n no_o other_o punishment_n but_o to_o hang_v till_o they_o be_v dead_a when_o they_o be_v dead_a every_o man_n may_v bury_v they_o that_o will_v as_o common_o they_o be_v head_v torment_a demembr_v either_o arm_n or_o leg_n break_v upon_o the_o wheel_n empacil_a &_o such_o cruel_a torment_n as_o be_v use_v in_o other_o nation_n by_o the_o order_n of_o their_o law_n we_o have_v not_o &_o yet_o as_o few_o murder_n commit_v as_o any_o where_o nor_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o judge_n or_o the_o justice_n power_n to_o aggravate_v or_o mitigate_v the_o punishment_n of_o the_o law_n but_o in_o the_o prince_n only_o and_o his_o privy_a counsel_n which_o be_v marvelous_a seldom_o do_v yet_o notable_a murderer_n many_o time_n by_o the_o prince_n commandment_n after_o they_o be_v hang_v with_o cord_n till_o they_o be_v dead_a be_v hang_v with_o chain_n while_o they_o rot_v in_o the_o air_n if_o the_o wife_n kill_v her_o husband_n she_o shall_v be_v burn_v alive_a if_o the_o servant_n kill_v his_o master_n he_o be_v draw_v on_o a_o hurdle_n to_o the_o place_n of_o execution_n it_o be_v call_v petit_fw-la treason_n impoisoner_n quere_z if_o the_o person_n die_v thereof_o by_o a_o new_a law_n make_v in_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o time_n be_v boil_a to_o death_n but_o this_o mischief_n be_v rare_a and_o almost_o unknowen_a in_o england_n attempt_v to_o impoison_v a_o man_n or_o lay_v await_v to_o kill_v a_o man_n though_o he_o wound_v he_o dangerous_o yet_o if_o death_n follow_v not_o be_v no_o felony_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n for_o the_o prince_n have_v lose_v no_o man_n and_o life_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v we_o say_v but_o for_o life_n only_o and_o again_o when_o a_o man_n be_v murder_v all_o be_v principal_n and_o shall_v die_v even_o he_o that_o do_v but_o hold_v the_o candle_n to_o give_v light_n to_o the_o murderer_n for_o mitigation_n and_o moderation_n of_o pain_n be_v but_o corruption_n of_o judge_n as_o we_o think_v likewise_o torment_n or_o question_v which_o be_v use_v by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n to_o put_v a_o malefactor_n to_o excessive_a pain_n to_o make_v he_o confess_v of_o himself_o or_o of_o his_o fellow_n or_o complice_n be_v not_o use_v in_o england_n it_o be_v take_v for_o servile_a for_o what_o can_v he_o serve_v the_o common_a wealth_n after_o as_o a_o free_a man_n who_o have_v his_o body_n so_o hale_v and_o torment_v if_o he_o be_v not_o find_v guilty_a and_o what_o amends_n can_v be_v make_v he_o and_o if_o he_o must_v die_v what_o cruelty_n be_v it_o so_o to_o torment_v he_o before_o likewise_o confession_n by_o torment_n be_v esteem_v for_o nothing_o for_o if_o he_o confess_v at_o the_o judgement_n the_o trial_n of_o the_o xij_o go_v not_o upon_o he_o if_o he_o deny_v the_o fact_n that_o which_o he_o say_v before_o hinder_v he_o not_o the_o nature_n of_o english_a man_n be_v to_o neglect_v death_n to_o abide_v no_o torment_n and_o therefore_o he_o will_v confess_v rather_o to_o have_v do_v any_o thing_n yea_o to_o have_v kill_v his_o own_o father_n than_o to_o suffer_v torment_n for_o death_n our_o nation_n do_v not_o so_o much_o estéem_v as_o a_o mean_a torment_n in_o no_o place_n shall_v you_o see_v malefactor_n go_v more_o constant_o more_o assure_o &_o with_o less_o lamentation_n to_o their_o death_n than_o in_o england_n again_o the_o people_n not_o accustom_v to_o see_v such_o cruel_a torment_n will_v pity_v the_o person_n torment_v and_o abhor_v the_o prince_n and_o the_o judge_n who_o shall_v bring_v in_o such_o cruelty_n among_o they_o and_o the_o xij_o man_n the_o rather_o absolve_v he_o there_o be_v a_o old_a law_n of_o england_n that_o if_o any_o gaoler_n shall_v put_v any_o prisoner_n be_v in_o his_o custody_n to_o any_o torment_n to_o the_o intent_n to_o make_v he_o a_o approver_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o accuser_n or_o index_n of_o his_o complice_n the_o gaoler_n shall_v die_v therefore_o as_o a_o fellow_n and_o to_o say_v the_o truth_n to_o what_o purpose_n be_v it_o to_o use_v torment_n for_o whether_o the_o malefactor_n confess_v or_o no_o and_o whatsoever_o he_o say_v if_o the_o enquest_n of_o xij_o do_v find_v he_o guilty_a he_o die_v therefore_o without_o delay_n and_o the_o malefactor_n see_v there_o be_v no_o remedy_n and_o that_o they_o be_v his_o country_n man_n and_o such_o as_o he_o have_v himself_o agree_v unto_o it_o do_v find_v they_o worthy_a death_n yéelde_n for_o the_o most_o part_n unto_o it_o and_o do_v not_o repine_v but_o do_v accommodate_v himself_o to_o ask_v mercy_n of_o god_n the_o nature_n of_o our_o nation_n be_v free_a stout_a halt_v prodigal_a of_o life_n and_o blood_n but_o contumely_n beat_n servitude_n and_o servile_a torment_n &_o punishment_n it_o will_v not_o abide_v so_o in_o this_o nature_n and_o fashion_n our_o ancient_a prince_n and_o legislator_n have_v nourish_v they_o as_o to_o make_v they_o stout_a heart_a courageous_a and_o soldier_n not_o villain_n and_o slave_n and_o that_o be_v the_o scope_n almost_o of_o all_o our_o policy_n the_o xij_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v give_v their_o verdict_n be_v dismiss_v to_o go_v whither_o they_o will_v and_o have_v no_o manner_n commodity_n &_o profit_n of_o their_o labour_n and_o verdict_n but_o only_o do_v service_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o commonwealth_n of_o treason_n &_o the_o trial_n which_o be_v use_v for_o the_o high_a nobility_n and_o baron_n chap._n 25._o the_o same_o order_n touch_v trial_n by_o enquest_n of_o xij_o man_n be_v take_v in_o treason_n but_o the_o pain_n be_v more_o cruel_a first_o to_o be_v hang_v take_v down_o alive_a his_o bowel_n take_v out_o and_o burn_v before_o his_o face_n then_o to_o be_v behead_v and_o quarter_v and_o those_o set_v up_o in_o diverse_a place_n if_o any_o duke_n marques_z or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o baron_n or_o above_o lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v appeach_v of_o treason_n or_o any_o other_o capital_a crime_n he_o be_v judge_v by_o his_o peer_n and_o equal_n that_o be_v the_o yeomanrie_n do_v not_o go_v upon_o he_o but_o a_o enquest_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o they_o give_v their_o voice_n not_o one_o for_o all_o but_o each_o several_o as_o they_o do_v in_o parliament_n begin_v at_o the_o young_a lord_n englandâ—_n and_o for_o judge_n one_o lord_n sit_v who_o be_v constable_n of_o england_n for_o that_o day_n the_o judgement_n once_o give_v he_o break_v his_o
staff_n and_o abdicate_v his_o office_n in_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n from_o that_o above_o write_v the_o third_o book_n of_o that_o which_o in_o other_o country_n be_v call_v appellation_n or_o provocation_n to_o amend_v the_o judgement_n or_o sentence_n definitive_a which_o be_v think_v unjust_o give_v in_o cause_n criminal_a chap._n 1._o if_o the_o enquest_n of_o xij_o man_n do_v seem_v to_o the_o judge_n &_o the_o justice_n to_o have_v go_v too_o violent_o against_o the_o evidence_n give_v in_o matter_n criminal_a either_o it_o be_v that_o upon_o slender_a evidence_n they_o have_v pronounce_v he_o guilty_a who_o the_o judge_n &_o most_o part_n of_o the_o justice_n think_v by_o the_o evidence_n not_o full_o prove_v guilty_a or_o for_o some_o other_o cause_n do_v think_v the_o person_n rather_o worthy_a to_o live_v than_o to_o die_v the_o enquest_n be_v nevertheless_o dimiss_v but_o when_o the_o judge_n shall_v pronounce_v the_o sentence_n of_o death_n upon_o the_o person_n find_v guilty_a he_o will_v differ_v it_o which_o be_v call_v to_o reprieve_v the_o prisoner_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o send_v he_o again_o to_o prison_n and_o so_o declare_v the_o matter_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o obtain_v after_o a_o time_n for_o the_o prisoner_n his_o pardon_n and_o as_o for_o provocation_n or_o appeal_v which_o be_v use_v so_o much_o in_o other_o country_n it_o have_v no_o place_n in_o england_n after_o sentence_n give_v by_o the_o twelve_o whereby_o the_o person_n be_v find_v guilty_a or_o not_o guilty_a but_o without_o that_o reprive_v the_o sentence_n be_v straight_o put_v in_o execution_n by_o the_o sheriff_n and_o if_o they_o either_o escape_n or_o die_v a_o other_o death_n the_o sheriff_n escape_v not_o to_o pay_v a_o great_a fine_a and_o ransom_n at_o the_o prince_n mercy_n if_o have_v pregnant_a evidence_n nevertheless_o the_o twelve_o do_v acquit_v the_o malefactor_n which_o they_o will_v do_v sometime_o and_o especial_o if_o they_o perceive_v either_o one_o of_o the_o justice_n or_o of_o the_o judge_n or_o some_o other_o man_n to_o pursue_v too_o much_o and_o too_o malicious_o the_o death_n of_o the_o prisoner_n and_o do_v suspect_v some_o subornation_n of_o the_o witness_n or_o they_o which_o do_v give_v evidence_n and_o sometime_o if_o they_o perceive_v the_o judge_n will_v have_v the_o prisoner_n escape_v and_o in_o repeat_v the_o evidence_n do_v give_v they_o thereof_o some_o watchworde_n but_o if_o they_o do_v as_o i_o have_v say_v pronounce_v not_o guilty_a upon_o the_o prisoner_n against_o who_o manifest_a witness_n be_v bring_v in_o the_o prisoner_n escape_v but_o the_o twelve_o not_o only_o be_v rebuke_v by_o the_o judge_n but_o also_o threaten_v of_o punishment_n and_o many_o time_n command_v to_o appear_v in_o the_o starrechamber_n or_o before_o the_o privy_a counsel_n for_o the_o matter_n but_o this_o threaten_n chance_v often_o than_o the_o execution_n thereof_o and_o the_o twelve_o answer_n with_o most_o gentle_a word_n they_o do_v it_o according_a to_o their_o conscience_n and_o pray_v the_o judge_n to_o be_v good_a unto_o they_o they_o do_v as_o they_o think_v right_a and_o as_o they_o accord_v all_o and_o so_o it_o pass_v away_o for_o the_o most_o part_n yet_o i_o have_v see_v in_o my_o time_n but_o not_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o queen_n now_o that_o a_o enquest_n for_o pronounce_v one_o not_o guilty_a of_o treason_n contrary_n to_o such_o evidence_n as_o be_v bring_v in_o be_v not_o only_o imprison_v for_o a_o space_n but_o a_o huge_a fine_a set_v upon_o their_o head_n which_o they_o be_v fain_o to_o pay_v a_o other_o enquest_n for_o acquit_v a_o other_o beside_o pay_v a_o fine_a of_o money_n put_v to_o open_a ignominy_n and_o shame_n but_o those_o do_n be_v even_o then_o of_o many_o account_v very_o violent_a tyrannical_a and_o contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n wherefore_o it_o come_v very_o seldom_o in_o use_n yet_o so_o much_o at_o a_o time_n the_o enquest_n may_v be_v corrupt_v that_o the_o prince_n may_v have_v cause_n with_o justice_n to_o punish_v they_o for_o they_o be_v man_n and_o subject_a to_o corruption_n and_o partiality_n as_o other_o be_v what_o remedy_n be_v if_o the_o sentence_n be_v think_v unjust_o give_v chap._n 2._o in_o cause_n civil_a there_o be_v another_o order_n for_o if_o after_o the_o matter_n be_v plead_v to_o the_o issue_n and_o the_o xij_o man_n thereupon_o empanel_v the_o evidence_n bring_v and_o plead_v before_o they_o on_o both_o the_o party_n the_o xij_o seem_v to_o be_v partial_a and_o to_o have_v give_v sentence_n contrary_a to_o the_o evidence_n show_v unto_o they_o the_o party_n grieve_v may_v bring_v against_o they_o and_o the_o party_n for_o who_o the_o sentence_n be_v give_v a_o writ_n of_o attaint_n and_o where_o as_o before_o upon_o the_o first_o quest_n common_o they_o all_o be_v yeoman_n now_o upon_o this_o attaint_n must_v go_v twenty-four_o gentleman_n dwell_v within_o the_o shire_n and_o xij_o at_o the_o least_o of_o the_o hundred_o where_o the_o land_n lie_v the_o matter_n be_v plead_v again_o before_o the_o same_o judge_n the_o party_n defendant_n be_v not_o only_o now_o he_o who_o claim_v the_o land_n but_o also_o all_o and_o every_o of_o the_o yeoman_n who_o by_o their_o verdict_n do_v give_v it_o he_o there_o must_v in_o the_o attaint_n no_o more_o evidence_n be_v bring_v in_o may_v but_o only_o that_o which_o be_v bring_v in_o and_o allege_v before_o the_o first_o enquest_n and_o if_o this_o second_o enquest_n of_o twenty-four_o gentleman_n do_v adjudge_v as_o the_o first_o do_v the_o plaintiff_n shall_v not_o only_o lose_v the_o land_n but_o also_o pay_v a_o fine_a to_o the_o prince_n and_o damage_n to_o the_o party_n if_o this_o second_o enquest_n do_v find_v that_o the_o first_o enquest_n have_v go_v parcial_o and_o against_o the_o evidence_n bring_v in_o before_o they_o the_o first_o enquest_n be_v call_v attaint_v and_o account_v as_o perjure_a and_o infamed_a the_o prince_n have_v before_o the_o waste_n of_o all_o their_o land_n and_o possession_n with_o other_o punishment_n plaintiff_n which_o at_o this_o present_a by_o a_o law_n make_v by_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o be_v abolish_v and_o now_o by_o that_o law_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n beside_o other_o punishment_n each_o of_o the_o quest_n attaint_v pay_v unto_o the_o prince_n and_o party_n v._o li._n if_o it_o be_v under_o forty_o pound_n and_o if_o above_o then_o xx_o li._n attaint_v be_v very_o seldom_o put_v in_o use_n partly_o because_o the_o gentleman_n will_v not_o meet_v to_o slander_v and_o deface_v the_o honest_a yeoman_n their_o neighbour_n so_o that_o of_o a_o long_a time_n they_o have_v rather_o pay_v a_o mean_a fine_a than_o to_o appear_v and_o make_v the_o enquest_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o will_v entreat_v so_o much_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v the_o party_n to_o come_v to_o some_o composition_n and_o agreement_n among_o themselves_o as_o light_o they_o do_v except_o either_o the_o corruption_n of_o the_o enquest_n be_v too_o evident_a or_o the_o one_o party_n be_v too_o obstinate_a and_o headstrong_a and_o if_o the_o gentleman_n do_v appear_v gladly_o they_o will_v confirm_v the_o first_o sentence_n for_o the_o cause_n which_o i_o have_v say_v than_o go_v against_o it_o but_o if_o the_o corruption_n be_v too_o much_o evident_a they_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o attaint_v the_o first_o enquest_n yet_o after_o the_o gentleman_n have_v attaint_v the_o yeoman_n if_o before_o the_o sentence_n be_v give_v by_o the_o judge_n which_o ordinary_o for_o a_o time_n be_v differ_v the_o party_n be_v agree_v or_o one_o of_o they_o be_v dead_a the_o attaint_n cease_v if_o at_o any_o time_n before_o the_o sentence_n be_v give_v or_o put_v in_o execution_n there_o be_v find_v some_o such_o error_n in_o the_o writ_n in_o the_o process_n or_o form_n as_o our_o lawyer_n be_v very_o precise_a and_o curious_a of_o their_o form_n that_o it_o may_v be_v revocable_a it_o be_v bring_v afresh_o to_o the_o disputation_n by_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n and_o all_o that_o be_v do_v reverse_a but_o that_o be_v common_a to_o all_o other_o country_n where_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v use_v which_o they_o call_v de_fw-fr nullitate_fw-la processus_fw-la and_o serve_v both_o in_o england_n and_o in_o other_o place_n aswell_o in_o cause_n criminal_a as_o civil_a other_o kind_n of_o appellation_n to_o revoke_v process_n and_o to_o make_v they_o of_o short_a long_o of_o long_a infinite_a which_o be_v use_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n we_o have_v not_o in_o our_o common_a law_n of_o england_n by_o supplication_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o complaint_n to_o the_o chancellor_n upon_o supposal_n of_o loss_n or_o lack_n of_o
evidence_n or_o too_o much_o favour_n in_o the_o country_n and_o power_n of_o the_o adversary_n there_o be_v in_o our_o country_n as_o well_o as_o they_o both_o stop_n and_o prolongation_n of_o justice._n for_o what_o will_v not_o busy_a head_n and_o lover_n of_o trouble_n never_o be_v satisfy_v invent_v in_o any_o country_n to_o have_v their_o desire_n which_o be_v to_o vex_v their_o neighbour_n and_o to_o live_v always_o in_o disquiet_n man_n even_o permit_v of_o god_n like_o fly_n and_o lise_fw-fr and_o other_o vermin_n to_o disquiet_v they_o who_o will_v employ_v themselves_o upon_o better_a business_n and_o more_o necessary_a for_o the_o common_a wealth_n these_o man_n be_v hate_v and_o fear_v of_o their_o neighbour_n love_a and_o aid_v of_o they_o which_o gain_n by_o process_n and_o wax_v fat_a by_o the_o expense_n &_o trouble_n of_o other_o but_o as_o these_o man_n ordinary_o spend_v their_o own_o thrift_n and_o make_v other_o against_o their_o will_n to_o spend_v they_o so_o sometime_o be_v thorough_o know_v they_o do_v not_o only_o live_v by_o the_o loss_n like_o evil_a husband_n but_o beside_o rebuke_n &_o shame_n by_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o court_n sovereign_a they_o come_v to_o be_v extraordinary_o punish_v both_o corporal_o &_o by_o their_o purse_n which_o thing_n in_o my_o mind_n be_v as_o royal_a and_o princely_a a_o act_n and_o so_o beneficial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o in_o so_o small_a a_o matter_n a_o king_n or_o a_o queen_n can_v do_v for_o the_o repose_n and_o good_a education_n of_o their_o subject_n of_o that_o which_o in_o england_n be_v call_v appeal_n in_o other_o place_n accusation_n chap._n 3._o if_o any_o man_n have_v kill_v my_o father_n my_o son_n my_o wife_n my_o brother_n or_o next_o kinsman_n i_o have_v choice_n to_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v indict_v by_o give_v information_n to_o the_o enquest_n of_o enquiry_n although_o he_o chance_v to_o escape_v the_o constable_n or_o justice_n hand_n and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v apprehend_v and_o thereupon_o to_o procure_v he_o to_o be_v outlaw_v or_o else_o within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n i_o may_v enter_v my_o appeal_n that_o be_v my_o accusation_n against_o he_o if_o i_o begin_v first_o to_o pursue_v he_o by_o information_n or_o denunciation_n to_o enditement_n i_o be_o now_o no_o party_n but_o the_o prince_n who_o for_o his_o duty_n to_o god_n and_o his_o common_a wealth_n and_o subject_n must_v see_v justice_n execute_v against_o all_o malefactor_n &_o offender_n against_o the_o peace_n which_o be_v call_v god_n and_o he_o &_o do_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o if_o i_o leave_v that_o and_o will_v appeal_v which_o be_v proffer_n my_o accusation_n against_o he_o who_o have_v do_v to_o i_o this_o injury_n the_o defendant_n have_v this_o advantage_n to_o put_v himself_o to_o the_o jury_n which_o be_v to_o that_o which_o before_o be_v say_v to_o have_v that_o issue_n and_o trial_n by_o god_n and_o his_o country_n champion_n whereof_o the_o fashion_n i_o have_v at_o large_a declare_v or_o to_o demand_v the_o trial_n by_o battle_n wherein_o both_o the_o party_n must_v either_o themselves_o in_o person_n or_o else_o find_v other_o for_o they_o who_o be_v call_v in_o our_o law_n champion_n or_o campion_n some_o do_v interpret_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o they_o be_v man_n choose_v fat_a lusty_a fit_a to_o the_o feat_n or_o as_o the_o french_a do_v term_v they_o adroict_v aux_fw-fr arm_n which_o shall_v fight_v it_o out_o by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o as_o now_o they_o do_v call_v it_o duellum_fw-la or_o the_o camp_n which_o shall_v have_v all_o thing_n equal_a but_o according_a as_o mars_n give_v the_o victory_n so_o the_o law_n be_v judge_v the_o one_o as_o peractus_fw-la reus_fw-la the_o other_o be_v calumniator_n to_o suffer_v the_o pain_n of_o death_n so_o that_o by_o the_o great_a assize_n there_o be_v no_o appellation_n but_o death_n or_o life_n to_o the_o defendant_n but_o this_o be_v more_o dangerous_a and_o equal_a for_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o must_v die_v so_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o grande_fw-fr assize_n for_o the_o reus_fw-la or_o defendant_n be_v only_o in_o danger_n of_o death_n short_a it_o be_v from_o day_n to_o sun_n set_v the_o quarrel_n be_v end_v or_o soon_o who_o have_v the_o better_a fortune_n this_o seem_v very_o military_a as_o in_o manner_n all_o our_o policy_n of_o england_n and_o to_o have_v as_o small_a to_o do_v with_o lawyer_n as_o with_o physician_n quick_o to_o dispatch_v and_o for_o the_o rest_n to_o return_v each_o man_n to_o his_o business_n to_o serve_v the_o common_a wealth_n in_o his_o vocation_n the_o pope_n of_o rome_n and_o man_n of_o the_o church_n who_o of_o long_a time_n have_v have_v dominion_n in_o our_o conscience_n and_o will_v bring_v thing_n to_o a_o more_o moderation_n have_v much_o detect_v this_o kind_n of_o trial_n and_o judgement_n as_o reason_n be_v every_o man_n mislike_v that_o which_o be_v not_o like_a to_o his_o education_n and_o cold_a reason_n by_o theology_n and_o philosophy_n they_o i_o say_v much_o mislike_v many_o thing_n do_v necessary_o in_o hot_a policy_n at_o the_o least_o a_o common_a wealth_n military_a must_v adventure_v many_o thing_n to_o keep_v it_o in_o quiet_a which_o can_v seem_v to_o precise_o good_a to_o they_o which_o dispute_v thereof_o in_o the_o shadow_n and_o in_o their_o study_n howsoever_o it_o be_v this_o kind_n of_o trial_n of_o long_a time_n have_v not_o be_v use_v so_o that_o at_o this_o time_n we_o may_v rather_o seek_v the_o experience_n of_o it_o out_o of_o our_o history_n of_o time_n pass_v than_o of_o any_o view_n or_o sight_n thereof_o of_o they_o which_o be_v now_o alive_a nevertheless_o the_o law_n remain_v still_o and_o be_v not_o abolish_v and_o if_o it_o shall_v chance_v the_o murderer_n or_o mansleer_n the_o one_o we_o call_v he_o that_o lie_v in_o wait_n and_o as_o they_o term_v it_o in_o french_a de_fw-la guet_fw-la appendaunt_a kill_v the_o man_n the_o other_o who_o by_o casual_a fall_v out_o and_o sudden_a debate_n and_o choler_n do_v the_o same_o which_o way_n soever_o it_o be_v do_v if_o he_o that_o have_v slay_v the_o man_n have_v his_o pardon_n of_o the_o prince_n as_o occasion_n or_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o prince_n may_v so_o present_a defendant_n y_z â—_o he_o may_v have_v it_o yet_o the_o party_n grieve_v have_v these_o two_o remedy_n i_o say_v to_o require_v justice_n by_o grand_a assize_n or_o battle_n upon_o his_o appeal_n &_o private_a revenge_n which_o be_v not_o deny_v he_o and_o if_o the_o defendant_n either_o by_o great_a assize_n or_o by_o battle_n be_v convince_v upon_o that_o appeal_n he_o shall_v die_v notwithstanding_o the_o prince_n pardon_n so_o much_o favourable_a our_o prince_n be_v and_o the_o law_n of_o our_o realm_n to_o justice_n and_o to_o the_o punishment_n of_o blood_n violent_o shed_v of_o the_o court_n of_o star_n chamber_n chap._n 4._o there_o be_v yet_o in_o england_n a_o other_o court_n of_o the_o which_o that_o i_o can_v understand_v there_o be_v not_o the_o like_a in_o any_o other_o country_n in_o the_o term_n time_n the_o term_n time_n as_o i_o have_v heretofore_o show_v i_o call_v the_o time_n and_o those_o day_n when_o the_o law_n be_v exercise_v in_o westminster_n hall_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v but_o at_o certain_a time_n and_o term_n every_o week_n once_o at_o the_o least_o which_o be_v common_o on_o friday_n and_o wednesday_n and_o the_o next_o day_n after_o that_o the_o term_n do_v end_n the_o lord_n chancellor_n and_o the_o lord_n and_o other_o of_o the_o privy_a counsel_n so_o many_o as_o will_v and_o other_o lord_n and_o baron_n which_o be_v not_o of_o the_o privy_a counsel_n and_o be_v in_o the_o town_n and_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n special_o the_o two_o chief_a judge_n from_o ix_o of_o the_o clock_n till_o it_o be_v xj_o do_v sit_v in_o a_o place_n which_o be_v call_v the_o star_n chamber_n either_o because_o it_o be_v full_a of_o window_n or_o because_o at_o the_o first_o all_o the_o roof_n thereof_o be_v deck_v with_o image_n of_o star_n gilt_v there_o be_v plaint_n hear_v of_o riot_n riot_n be_v call_v in_o our_o english_a term_n or_o speech_n where_o any_o number_n be_v assemble_v with_o force_n to_o do_v any_o thing_n and_o it_o have_v the_o beginning_n because_o that_o our_o be_v much_o accustom_a either_o in_o foreign_a war_n in_o france_n scotland_n or_o ireland_n or_o be_v overmuch_o exercise_v with_o civil_a war_n within_o the_o realm_n which_o be_v the_o fault_n that_o fall_v ordinary_o amongst_o bellicous_a nation_n whereby_o man_n of_o war_n captain_n and_o soldier_n become_v plentiful_a which_o when_o they_o
have_v no_o extern_a service_n wherewith_o to_o occupy_v their_o busy_a head_n &_o hand_n accustom_v to_o fight_v and_o quarrel_n must_v needs_o seek_v quarrel_n and_o contention_n amongst_o themselves_o and_o become_v so_o ready_a to_o oppress_v right_a among_o their_o neighbour_n as_o they_o be_v wont_v before_o with_o praise_n of_o manhood_n to_o be_v in_o resist_a injury_n offer_v by_o their_o enemy_n so_o that_o our_o nation_n use_v hereunto_o &_o upon_o that_o more_o insolent_a at_o home_n and_o not_o easy_a to_o be_v govern_v by_o law_n and_o politic_a order_n man_n of_o power_n begin_v many_o fray_n and_o the_o strong_a by_o faction_n and_o party_n offer_v too_o much_o iviurie_n to_o the_o weak_a be_v occasion_n of_o make_v good_a law_n first_o of_o retainer_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v have_v above_o a_o number_n in_o his_o livery_n or_o retinue_n then_o of_o the_o enquiry_n of_o rout_n and_o riot_n at_o every_o session_n and_o of_o the_o law_n whereby_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o if_o any_o by_o force_n or_o by_o riot_n enter_v upon_o any_o possession_n the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n shall_v assemble_v themselves_o &_o remove_v the_o force_n &_o within_o certain_a time_n inquire_v thereof_o and_o further_o because_o such_o thing_n be_v not_o common_o do_v by_o mean_a man_n but_o by_o such_o as_o be_v of_o power_n &_o force_n &_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deal_v withal_o of_o every_o man_n nor_o of_o mean_a gentleman_n if_o the_o riot_n be_v find_v &_o certify_v to_o the_o king_n counsel_n or_o if_o otherwise_o it_o be_v complain_v of_o the_o party_n be_v send_v for_o poena_fw-la and_o he_o must_v appear_v in_o this_o star_n chamber_n where_o see_v except_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o prince_n only_o as_o it_o be_v the_o majesty_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n before_o he_o be_v never_o so_o stout_a he_o will_v be_v abash_v and_o be_v call_v to_o answer_v as_o he_o must_v come_v of_o what_o degree_n soever_o he_o be_v he_o shall_v be_v so_o charge_v with_o such_o gravity_n with_o such_o reason_n &_o remonstrance_n and_o of_o those_o chief_a personage_n of_o england_n one_o after_o a_o other_o handle_n he_o on_o that_o sort_n that_o what_o courage_n soever_o he_o have_v his_o heart_n will_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o when_o if_o he_o make_v not_o his_o answer_n the_o better_a as_o seldom_o he_o can_v in_o so_o open_a violence_n he_o be_v command_v to_o the_o fleet_n where_o he_o shall_v be_v keep_v in_o prison_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o these_o judge_n shall_v appoint_v he_o lie_v there_o till_o he_o be_v weary_a aswell_o of_o the_o restraint_n of_o his_o liberty_n as_o of_o the_o great_a expense_n which_o he_o must_v there_o sustain_v and_o for_o a_o time_n be_v forget_v while_o after_o long_a suit_n of_o his_o friend_n he_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o be_v order_v by_o reason_n sometime_o as_o his_o desert_n be_v he_o pay_v a_o great_a fine_a to_o the_o prince_n beside_o great_a cost_n and_o damage_n to_o the_o party_n and_o yet_o the_o matter_n wherefore_o he_o attempt_v this_o riot_n and_o violence_n be_v remit_v to_o the_o common_a law_n for_o that_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o this_o court_n to_o bridle_v such_o stout_a noble_a man_n or_o gentleman_n which_o will_v offer_v wrong_a by_o force_n to_o any_o manner_n man_n and_o can_v be_v content_a to_o demand_v or_o defend_v the_o right_n by_o order_n of_o law_n this_o court_n begin_v long_o before_o but_o take_v great_a augmentation_n and_o authority_n at_o that_o time_n that_o cardinal_n wolsey_n archebishop_n of_o york_n be_v chancellor_n of_o england_n who_o of_o some_o be_v think_v to_o have_v first_o devise_v y_fw-mi â—_o court_n because_o that_o he_o after_o some_o intermission_n by_o negligence_n of_o time_n augment_v the_o authority_n of_o it_o which_o be_v at_o that_o time_n marvelous_a necessary_a to_o do_v to_o repress_v the_o insolency_n of_o the_o noble_a man_n and_o gentleman_n of_o the_o north_n part_n of_o england_n who_o be_v far_o from_o the_o king_n and_o the_o seat_n of_o justice_n make_v almost_o as_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a war_n among_o themselves_o and_o make_v their_o force_n their_o law_n band_v themselves_o with_o their_o tenant_n and_o seruaut_n to_o do_v or_o revenge_v injury_n one_o against_o a_o other_o as_o they_o list_v this_o thing_n seem_v not_o supportable_a to_o the_o noble_a prince_n king_n henry_n the_o eight_o and_o send_v for_o they_o one_o after_o a_o other_o to_o his_o court_n to_o answer_v before_o the_o person_n before_o name_v after_o they_o have_v have_v remonstrance_n show_v they_o of_o their_o evil_a demeanour_n and_o be_v well_o discipline_v as_o well_o by_o word_n as_o by_o fléete_v a_o while_n and_o thereby_o their_o purse_n and_o courage_n somewhat_o assuage_v they_o begin_v to_o range_v themselves_o in_o order_n and_o to_o understand_v that_o they_o have_v a_o prince_n who_o will_v rule_v his_o subject_n by_o his_o law_n and_o obedience_n sith_o that_o time_n this_o court_n have_v be_v in_o more_o estimation_n and_o be_v continue_v to_o this_o day_n in_o manner_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n chap._n 5._o he_o who_o we_o call_v a_o ward_n in_o england_n be_v call_v in_o latin_a pupillus_fw-la and_o in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o guardian_n be_v call_v in_o latin_a tutor_n in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o ward_n or_o infant_n be_v take_v for_o a_o child_n in_o base_a age_n who_o father_n be_v dead_a the_o roman_n make_v two_o distinction_n pupillum_fw-la &_o minorem_fw-la the_o one_o to_o xiiii_o year_n old_a the_o other_o be_v account_v from_o thence_o to_o twenty-five_o and_o as_o pupillus_fw-la have_v tutorem_fw-la so_o minor_a have_v curatorem_fw-la till_o he_o come_v to_o the_o age_n of_o twenty-five_o these_o tutor_n or_o curator_n be_v accountable_a for_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o pupil_n minor_n land_n &_o great_a provision_n and_o many_o law_n and_o order_n be_v make_v for_o they_o in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o render_v just_a &_o true_a account_n so_o that_o to_o be_v a_o guardian_n or_o tutor_n be_v account_v among_o they_o to_o be_v a_o charge_n or_o trouble_v a_o thing_n subject_a to_o much_o encumbraunce_n and_o small_a profit_n so_o that_o diverse_a mean_n be_v seek_v for_o to_o excuse_v man_n from_o it_o with_o we_o this_o be_v clean_a contrary_n for_o it_o be_v reckon_v a_o profit_n to_o have_v a_o ward_n for_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o the_o ward_n do_v hold_v the_o land_n so_o soon_o as_o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o father_n the_o child_n fall_v ward_n unto_o he_o he_o seize_v upon_o the_o body_n of_o the_o ward_n and_o his_o land_n of_o which_o so_o that_o he_o do_v nourish_v the_o ward_n he_o take_v the_o profit_n without_o account_n and_o beside_o that_o offering_n to_o his_o ward_n covenable_a marriage_n without_o dispergement_n before_o the_o age_n of_o xxl._n year_n if_o it_o be_v a_o man_n or_o xiiii_o if_o it_o be_v a_o woman_n if_o the_o ward_n refuse_v to_o take_v that_o marriage_n he_o or_o she_o must_v pay_v the_o value_n of_o the_o marriage_n which_o be_v common_o rate_v according_a to_o the_o profit_n of_o his_o land_n all_o this_o while_n i_o speak_v of_o that_o which_o be_v call_v in_o french_a guard_n noble_a socage_n that_o be_v of_o such_o as_o hold_v land_n of_o other_o by_o knight_n service_n for_o that_o be_v a_o other_o kind_n of_o service_n which_o we_o call_v in_o french_a guard_n returier_n we_o call_v it_o guard_v in_o socage_n that_o be_v of_o such_o as_o do_v not_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n but_o by_o tenure_n of_o the_o plough_n this_o wardship_n fall_v to_o he_o who_o be_v next_o of_o the_o kin_n and_o can_v inherit_v the_o land_n of_o the_o ward_n as_o the_o uncle_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n if_o the_o land_n do_v descend_v by_o the_o father_n and_o of_o the_o father_n side_n if_o the_o land_n descend_v by_o the_o mother_n this_o guardian_n be_v accountable_a for_o the_o revenue_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n as_o the_o tutor_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n to_o the_o ward_n or_o pupil_n so_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v of_o full_a age_n the_o man_n be_v not_o out_o of_o wardship_n by_o our_o law_n till_o xxj_o year_n old_a from_o thence_o he_o be_v reckon_v of_o full_a age_n aswell_o as_o in_o the_o roman_a law_n at_o twenty-five_o the_o woman_n at_o fourteen_o be_v out_o of_o ward_n for_o she_o may_v have_v a_o husband_n able_a to_o do_v knight_n service_n say_v our_o book_n and_o because_o our_o wife_n be_v in_o the_o power_n as_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o hereafter_o of_o their_o husband_n it_o be_v no_o reason_n she_o shall_v be_v in_o