Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	lord_n	sir_n	treasurer_n	4,367	5	11.0593	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16306	The cities aduocate in this case or question of honor and armes; whether apprentiship extinguisheth gentry? Containing a cleare refutation of the pernicious common errour affirming it, swallowed by Erasmus of Roterdam, Sir Thomas Smith in his common-weale, Sir Iohn Fern in his blazon, Raphe Broke Yorke Herald, and others. With the copies of transcripts of three letters which gaue occasion of this worke.	Bolton, Edmund, 1575?-1633?; Philipot, John, 1589?-1645, attributed name.	1629 (1629)	STC 3219; ESTC S106271	30,252	83

Punishment Of which in ciuill rewards Honor is highest according to that of the most eloquent Tullie in his perished workes de republica as S. Augustine citeth them as that thing with which hee would his Prince should bee fed and nourished and in his Philosophie hath vttered that famous sentence concerning the same Honos alit artes omnesque accenduntur ad studia gloria Among vs therefore coats of Armes and titles of Gentlemen which point the Knight beforesaid howsoeuer erring in Apprentises estate hath truely noted to be commodious for the Prince being the most familiar part of Honor they rip vp and ouerturne the principall of those two pillars of common-weale frō the very basis A strange ouersight specially of professors of skill in the Arts of publike gouernment vnlesse perhaps they speake it because they would haue things reformed or changed in this particular of Apprentiship But we do not remember that either Sir Thomas Eliot in his Gouernor or Sir Thomas Chaloner Leigier Ambassador for Queen Elizabeth in Spaine in his bookes of Latine Hexameters de rep Anglorum instaurandâ published with the verses of the Lord Treasurer Burghley's before it or any other Author rightly vnderstanding our England and her generous people did euer once taxe our Countries policie in this point Yea some make it a quaere whether the Cities discipline had not more need to be reduced neerer to the ancient seuerity thereof considering with what vices London flowes and ouerflowes then that it should bee abduced though but a little from it Now then let any one but rightly weigh with what conscience or common sense the first institutors or propagators of the English forme of gouernment could lay vpon Industry and ciuill Vertue whose subiect are the lawfull things of this life and whose neerest obiect is honor and honest wealth so foule a note as the brand of bondage or any the least disparagement at all whereas to quicken inflame affections in that kind all wise Masters in the most noble ciuill Art gouernement and all founders of Empire and States haue bent their counsels and courses to cherish such as are vertuously industrious yea God himselfe the onely best patterne of gouernours hath made it knowne that euen Mechanicall qualities are his speciall gifts and his infused as it were charismata 3 For Moses hauing put into eternall monuments that Iabel was pater pastorum the most an-Art of encrease and that Iubal was pater canentium the first of which inuentions was for necessary prouisions of food and raiment the second to glorifie God and honestly to solace men towards sweetning the bitter curse which Adam drew vpon humane life it is thirdly vnder added in accomplishment of the three maine heads to which mortalls vse to refer all their worldly endeuors necessitie profit pleasure that Tubal Cain was Malleator and faber ferrarius an hammer-Smith or worker in yron that being one of those Arch-mysteries sine quibus non aedificatur ciuitas as the words are in Ecclesiasticus Nay there belonged in Gods owne iudgement so great praise to the particular excellency of some artificers as that in the building of Salomons Temple they are registred to all posterities in Scripture and their skill is not onely made immortally famous but a more curious mention is put downe of their parentage and birth place then of many great Princes as in Hirams case not he the King but the brasse-founder And in the new Testament S. Paul being a Gentlemen borne of a noble familie as the Ancients write had the manuall Art of Scoenopoea commonly englished Tent-making vpon which place of St. Pauls trade whereof in his Epistles he doth often glorie it is declared to vs out of the Rabbins that S. Paul who himselfe tells King Agrippa that he had liued a Pharisee according to the most certaine way of Iewism was brought vp so by a traditionall precept binding such a would studie sacred letters to learne some one or other mysterie in the Mechanicks And at this present among other things which the Turks retaine of the Iewish rites this seemes one when euen the Sultan himselfe or Grand Signior as all his progenitors is said to exercise a manuall trade little or much commonly once a day And in fresh memorie Rodulphus the Emperour had singular skill in making Dials Watches and the like fine works of Smith-craft as also a late great Baron of England which they practised 4 If then such honor be done by God as beforesaid not onely to those which are necessarie handy-crafts but to those also which are but the handmaids of magnificence and outward splendor as engrauers founders and the like hee shall be very hardie who shall embase honest Industry with disgracefull censures and too vniust who shall not cherish or encourage it with praise and worship as the ancient excellent policie of England did and doth in constituting corporations adorning Companies with banners of Armes and speciall men with notes of Noblesse 5 And as of all commendable Arts all worthy Common-weales haue their vse so in London they haue as it were their palace But into the bodie of the Citie none generally are encorporated but such onely as through the strait gates of Apprentiship aspire to the dignitie and state of Citizens That Hebrew bondmen were not in MOSES law among themselues like to our Apprentises howsoeuer the seuenth yeare agrees in time with the ordinarie time of our Apprentises obligation is euident both in the bookes of Exodus and Deuteronomie For first their title to their bondmen grew to their Lords by a contract of bargaine and sale which was indeed a kind of seruitude For when the seuenth yeare in which the bondage was to determine and expire if then he resolued not to continue a bondman for euer he was compelled to leaue his wife if maried in his Lords house during bōdage together with his children borne in that mariage behinde him though himselfe departed free but withall rewarded also So that voluntarie bondage is not onely de iure gentium as the Romane lawes import by which a man might sell himselfe ad participandum precium but also de iure diuino positiuo By which notwithstanding it doth not appeare that such a bondage was any disparagement or disenablement in Iewish blood among the Iewes because in Exodus wee read of a prouision made for the Hebrew bond-woman whom her Lord might take in mariage to himselfe or bestow her vpon his son if he so thought good but might not violate her chastitie as if hee had ius in corpus But the condition of an Apprentise of London resembleth the condition of no persons estate in either of the lawes Diuine or Imperiall For he directly contracteth with his Master to learne his mysterie or Art of honest liuing neither hath his Master who therefore is but a Master not a Lord Despoticū imperium ouer his Apprentise that is such a power as a Lord hath ouer slaue

Gentlemen whosoeuer Which disposition measure not by the few Angells you receiue in this Letter For what are twenty in such a case If this my sute and request cary the lesse regard because it comes but from a priuate Citizen be pleased I pray to vnderstand that in me though being but one man multitudes speake and that out of a priuate pen a publike cause propounds it selfe And yet I come not single For with this Letter of mine I send you two other The one from a worshipfull friend and kinsman of mine written to me and the other of my Cousin his second sonne much what of one nature with this of mine And so with my loue and best respects remembred I commit you to Gods holy keeping and rest c. The true Copies of those two other Letters whereof in the former there is mention The Fathers Letter Cousin I pray peruse the enclosed which troubleth me as much as it doth my sonne and seeke satisfaction of such as are skilfull indeed I care not for charge for looke whatsoeuer it costs I will beare it In the meane while comfort my childe for if it bee so as hee writes hee shall not stay in London though it cost me fiue hundred Pounds And so in great hast I leaue you to our Lord Christ c. The Apprentises Letter to his Father MOst deare and most louing Father my most humble dutie remembred vnto you These are to giue you to vnderstand that my body is in good health praised he God but my minde and spirits are not for they are very much troubled For so it is Sir that albeit my Master be a very worthy and an honest Citizen and that my selfe doing as an Apprentise ought which I doe willingly not refusing any thing as remembring St. Peters precept Serui subditi estote in timore Domini am as well vsed in this house as if I were with you yet by reading certaine bookes at spare houres and conferring with some who take vpon them to be very well skill'd in Heraldry I am brought to beleeue that by being a Prentise I lose my birth right and the right of my blood both by father and mother which is to be a Gentlemen which I had rather dye then to endure This is my griefe and this the cause why my minde is so troubled as I cannot eat nor sleepe in quiet Teares hinder me from writing more and therefore most humbly crauing pardon and your most fatherly blessing I commit you to God c. From London c. THE CITIES ADVOCATE In a question of Honor and Armes Whether Apprentiship extinguisheth Gentrie The Contents of this first part 1 THe present question very important for many great causes Two Crowned Queenes of England much of the Nobility parties to it Bullen Calthorpe L. Majors of London their interesses in royall blood What Quaestio status and what the least capitis diminutio is Only the base neglect it Honour a faire Starre Disparagement odious Preuention of mischiefes by determining this question Proud Citie-races vnworthy of the Citie 2 The Cities Honors in Armes proued out of ancient Monuments The L. Fitz Walter Standard-bearer of London Claurie and Biallie two termes in old blazon 3 The transcendent power of opinion To derogate from the splendor of birth reputed a wrong Whence comes the present question of Apprentiship 4 The maine reason why some doe hold that Apprentiship extinguisheth Gentrie Apprentiship no bondage either in truth or at all The case truely propounded The skill of honest gettings a precious mystery What kinde of contract that seemes to be which is betweene Master and Apprentise 5 An obiection that Apprentiship is a kinde of bondage The fine folly of Erasmus in his Etymologie of an Apprentise The comparison betweene Seruus among Ciuilians and Apprentises among Englishmen holds not What the word Apprentise meanes Sir Thomas Smiths error in confounding seruitude and discipline 6. 7. 8. Particular points touching Seruus Sanctuarie at the Princes image Manumission and Recaptiuitie by Law None of those points concerne Apprentises more then Souldiers Schollers or religious nouices 9. 10. The finall cause denominates the action and proues Apprentiship not to be base The contrarie opinion pernicious to manners and to good Commonweale among vs chiefly now The different face of both opinions in daily experience The First Part. THE present question Whether Apprentiship extinguisheth Gentry being now not so much a paradox as growne in secret to be of late a common opinion I am bold to call a weighty and important question vniustly grounded vpon the learned folly of Erasmus of Roterdam and the incircumspection of Sir Thomas Smith Knight in his booke de Republica Anglorum and out of certaine wandring conceits hatcht among trees tillage as shall appeare hereafter Weighty and important I am bold to call it and it is so Because in looking out vpon the concernings of the case I finde that prospect so spacious that within the compass thereof as well the greater as the lesser Nobilitie of England are very notably and very inexplicably enwrapped What doe I say of the subalternall Nobilitie when the Royall name it selfe with all humble reuerence be it spoken was deeply interessed in the proposition For Queene Elizabeth though a free Monarch and chiefe of the English in her turne was a party of the cause which shee ingenuously and openly acknowledged calling Sir Martin Calthorpe kinsman as indeed he was being at that time Knight and Lord Maior of London Yea Sir Godfrey Bullen Knight also and Lord Maior of London was lineall Ancestor to Queene Anne her mother saith Camden in his Annals no longer before then in the reigne of Henry the sixth King of England Both which Knights being also Gentlemen borne of right Worshipfull Families ascended by due degrees from the condition of Apprentises to the greatest annuall honor of this Kingdome It is weighty and important because without much impropriety of speech it may be called quaestio status which in the ancient phrase of the Emperour Iustinian is as much to say as a tryall whether one is to be adiudged bond or free seruile or ingenuous and implieth that odious and vnnaturall sequel which by Textuists hath to name Capitis diminutio wherof though the Romane lawes make a threefold diuision yet in this our question if but onely the third and lowest degree were incurred which hapneth cum qui sui juris fuerunt coeperunt alieno iuri subiecti esse that alone should keepe vs from neglect It is weighty and important and can appeare none other because it directly tends to darken and as it were to intercloud the luminous body of that beauteous planet HONOR with not onely foule but lasting spots For what can lightly be a more disparagement then for the free to become a kind of bondmen or to be come of such Nay there is nothing without vs which can bee of so great disparagement Finally it is weighty and

important for very many other reasons and particularly because it is not onely fit that states of opinions should be rectified in this kinde as breeding bad affections among people of the same nation from whence great mischiefes often rise euen to hatred quarrels and homicides but that such also as through vanity or other sicknesse of the wit or iudgement disdaine to seeme either Citie-borne or Citie-bred or to owe any thing of their worship or estate either to the City or to Citizens may vnderstand their owne place and true condition lest they be conuinced to be among them who are vnworthy of so honest either originall or accession as the Citie yeeldeth But let vs first behold the Cities Honour in Armes as it stands displayed in ancient Heraldry and as it is commented vpon out of authenticke Monuments in that worthily well commended Survey of LONDON composed by that diligent Chronologer and vertuous Citizen M. Iohn Stowe The present figure with the same words as here they stand is a copy of that which an old imperfect larger volume at the Office of Armes containeth 〈◊〉 BADGES LONDON OF THE CITIE OF LONDON THE LORD FITZ-WALTER BANNERER There needs no greater demonstration of the Cities ancient honor and of her peoples free qualitie then this that a principall Baron of the Realm of England was by tenure her Standard-bearer The figure of St. Paul titularie patron of London aduanced it selfe in the Standard and vpon the shield those famous well-knowne Armories of the Crosse and Weapon The like picture of which Apostle was also embroidered in the caparisons of that horse of warre which for the purpose of the Cities seruice he receiued of gift at the hands of the Lord Maior Vpon the Standard-bearers coat armour are painted the hereditarie ensignes of his owne illustrious Familie that is to say Or a Fesse betweene two Cheuerns Gules Which kind of field the ancients called Claurie perhaps à claritate because such fields as were all of one colour made their charges the more clearely seene and perspicuous And as they gaue to that species of blazon a peculiar name for the dignitie so did they also assigne to this manner of bearing two Cheuerns the terme Biallie or a coat Biallie a numero binario In which braue times had that noble Gentleman but slightly and farre off suspected that he displayed that banner for a kind of bondmen or as for their seruice his great heroick spirit would rather haue trodden such an office vnder foot In good assurance therefore of this common causes iustice we proceed Sound opinion meaning doctrine is the anchor of the world and opinion meaning a worthy conceit of this or that person is the principall ingredient which makes words or actions relish well and all the Graces are without it little worth To take the fame from any man that hee is a Gentleman-borne is a kind of disenablement and preiudice at leastwise among the weake who consider no further then seemings that is to say among almost all Consequently a wrong And if a wrong then due to be redressed To find iniurie we must first enquire Whether Apprentiship extinguisheth Gentrie 4 The maine reason certainly the most generall vsed to proue that it doth is That Apprentiship is a kinde of bondage and bondage speciallie voluntarie in which case the Imperiall law-rule non officit natalibus in seruitute fuisse may bee perhaps defectiue extinguisheth natiue Gentrie But I denie that Apprentiship is either vera seruitus or omnino servitus For explication of this difficultie I will set before your eyes the case as it is A Gentleman hath a sonne whom he meanes to breed vp in an Art of thrift not rising meerely out of a stocke of wit or learning but out of a stocke of money and credit managed according to that Art and for this cause hee brings his child at 15. or 16. yeares old more or lesse to the Citie of London prouides him a Master and the youth by his fathers counsel willingly becomes an Apprētise that is to say interchangeably seales a written contract with his Master by an indented instrument That he for his certaine yeares true and faithfull seruice shall learne that precious mystery of how to gaine honestly and to raise himselfe Let the legal and ordinarie forme of that instrument extant in Wests Precedents and familiar euery where be duly pondered and it will appeare a meere ciuill contract which as all the world knowes a bondman is vncapable of If you would know vnder what kinde or species of contract that doth fall I answer That it seemes to be a contract of permutation or interchange In which mutuall obligation or conuention the act of binding is no more but that as reason and iustice would the Master might be determinately for the time and sufficiently for the manner sure to enioy his Apprentise Apprētiship being therfore but an effect of a ciuill contract occasioned and caused by that prudent respect which the Contrahents mutually haue to their lawfull and honest commodity and such onely as are free-borne being capable to make this contract with effect Apprentiship doth not extinguish Gentry On the contrarie it is vrged That although Apprentiship bee not a true bondage to all constructions and purposes yet that it is a temporary bondage and equall for the time it lasteth to very seruitude In which opinion Erasmus is making his Etymologie of our Prentises to be for that they are like to such as are bought with money pares emptitijs which conceipt as it is more literate then happie so if it were set to sale would find few Chapmen but to laugh at it For Erasmus is aswell proued to be errans mus in obscurorum virorum Epistolis as Apprentises in England to be pares emptitijs But we absolutely deny that Apprentiship is in any sort a kinde of bondage For notwithstanding that to proue it be so they make a parallel between the ancient Roman seruitude and the London apprentiship yet will these comparata be found disparata if not disparatissima For seruus among the old Romans was so called of seruando of preseruing or sauing and not of seruiendo of seruing saith the Law-maker himselfe the Emperor Iustinian But the word Apprentise commeth of Aprenti the French word a raw souldier or young learner Tyro rudis discipulus or of the French verbē which signifies to learne or of the Latine word apprehendo or apprendo which properly is to lay hold of and translatiuely to learne which deriuations are consonant to the thing and true howsoeuer Sir Thomas Smith in his bookes de Republica Anglorum not remembring to distinguish betweene seruitude and discipline bondage and regular breeding iniuriously defined them to be a kind of bondmen meaning meere slaues and not as in some places of England bondsmen are taken for such as are in bonds for actionable causes and such bondmen as differ onely thus from very bondmen whose like words for signification

are those foulest ones slaues and villaines that Apprentises be but for a time certaine An ouersight which I could haue wished far off from so graue and learned a Gentleman as that Knight who was of priuy Counsell in the place of Secretarie to Queene Elizabeth Againe that which did constitute a bondman among the old Romans was such a power and right vested in the Lord ouer the very body of his bondman or slaue as descending to him vnder some receiued title or other iure gentium was maintained to him iure ciuili Romanorum By vertue whereof he became proprietarie in the person of his bondman as in the body of his oxe horse or any other beast he had which proprietariship was indeterminable but only by manumission and that act meerely depended vpon the will of his Lord without any endentment or condition on behalfe of the slaue which a right Roman would neuer endure to heare of from his bondman Finally which in the qualitie of that seruitude was most base seruus among them nullum caput habuit had no head in law and neither was in censu nor in lustro condito asmuch to say that they were out of the number of men their names being neither put as among such as had wherewith to pay in the Rolles of their Exchequer or tables of their Capitol nor as bodies wherewith to serue in the generall musters of their Commonweale but to bee briefe were reputed ciuilitèr mortui dead in Law death and bondage being alike among them without any more reputation of being members in the body politique then brute cattell for bondmen were reputed no body serui pro nullis habiti And albeit the authority of the commonweale vpon this good ground of State interest reipublicae ne quis re sua male vtatur and the Maiestie of Soueraigne Princes meerly as in honor and as moued with commiseration of humane miseries did sometime interpose it selfe vpon iust causes as where the Lord did immeasurably tyrannise or the bondman tooke Sanctuary at the Emperours statue and image or at the altar of some one or other of their gods an example whereof is in Plautus yet the bondman after manumission continued in such relation to his late Lord that in certaine cases as ingratitude he who was once enfranchised was adiudged backe to his patron and condemned againe to a farre more miserable seruitude then euer These things considered and nothing being like in Apprentiship who liues so carelesse of the honour of the English name as to bring the disciples of honest Arts and Schollers of mysteryes in ciuill trade and commerce for vertuous causes all called by the faire title of Apprentises into the state or qualitie of bondmen Faire I call it because that title is common to them with the Inns of Court where Apprentises at Law are not the meanest Gentlemen Apprentiship therefore is no voluntarie bondage because it is no bondage at all but a title onely of politicke or ciuill discipline Apprentiship therefore doth not extinguish Gentry So then Apprentises whether Gentlemen of birth or others whatsoeuer their Indentures doe purport and howsoeuer they seeme conditionall seruāts are in truth not boūd to do or to suffer things more grieuous then yong souldiers in armies or schollers in rigorous schooles or nouices in nouiceships each of whom in their kind vsually do and suffer things as base and vile in their owne quality simply in themselues considered without respect to the finall scope or aime of the first institution as perhaps the very meanest of fiue thousand Apprentises in London The finall cause therefore of euery ordination qualifies the course and the end denominates the meanes and actions tending to it For if that be noble no worke is base prescribed in ordine or as in the way to that end Though abstracting frō that consideration the worke wrought in the proper nature of it be seruile As for a souldier to dig or carie earth to a rampire or for a student to goe bare-headed to a fellow of the house within the Colledge as far off as he can see him omitting the more deformed necessitie of suffering priuate or publike disciplines or for a nouice in a nouiceship to wash dishes or the like seeming-base workes as by report is vsuall If then the generall scope or finall reason of Apprentiship be honest and worthy of a Gentlemā as will appeare hereafter that it is what can be clearer then that Apprentiship doth not extinguish Gentry I am the more feruent in this case because this one false conceit at all times hurtful but chiefly in these latter times in which the meanes of easie maintenance are infinitely straitned that for a Gentleman borne or one that would aspire to bee a Gentleman for him to be an Apprentise to a Citizen or Burgensis is a thing vnbeseeming him hath fill'd our England with more vices and sacrificed more seruiceable bodies to odious ends and more soules to sinfull life then perhaps any one other vnciuill opinion whatsoeuer For they who hold it better to rob by land or sea then to beg or labour doe daily see and feele that out of Apprentises rise such as sit vpon them standing out for their liues as malefactors when they a shame and sorrow to their kinred vndergoe a fortune too vnworthy euen of the basest of honest bondmen The Contents of this second part 1 APprentiship a laudable policie of discipline not a bondage The contrarie opinion ouer throwes one maine pillar of Commonweale Seueritie of discipline more needfull to be recalled then relaxed 2 The aduersaries conceipts brand our founders Mechanicall qualities Gods speciall gifts 3 Of Tubal-Cain and the dignitie and necessitie of crafts Hiram the brasse founder S. Pauls handy Art and the cause shewed out of the Rabbins Of other ennoblements touching them 4 The wisedome of instituting Apprentiship defended by the argument a minori ad maius 5 London the palace of thriuing Arts. Concerning Hebrew bondmen The qualitie of Masters power ouer Apprentises Masters nos Lords but Guardians and Teachers rather 6 The aduersaries manifest follie Of corruption in blood the onely meanes of extinction and disenablement to Gentry Of bondmen or villaines in England The Second Part. THese things considered how should it fall into the minde of any good or wise discouser That Apprentises are a kind of bondmen and consequently That Apprentiship extinguisheth natiue Gentry and disenableth to acquisitiue For if that opinion bee not guilty of impiety to our Mother Countrey where that laudable policie of Apprentiship necessary for our nation is exercised as a point of seuere discipline warrantable in Christianitie certainly it hath in it a great deale of iniurious temeritie and inconfiderance and why not impietie also if they wilfully wrong the wisdome of England their naturall common parent whose children are free-borne Surelie notorious inconsiderance is apparent because there are but two maine pillars of Common-weale PRAEMIVM PAENA Reward and