fit for such a personage with so braue and great attendance for some small number of aduentrous Gentlemen to make discoueries and lie in Garrison ready vpon any occasion to keepe in feare the inconstant Saluages nothing were more requisite but to haue more to wait play than worke or more commanders and officers than industrious labourers was not so necessarie for in Virginia a plaine Souldier that can vse a Pick-axe and spade is better than fiue Knights although they were Knights that could breake a Lance for men of great place not inured to those incounters when they finde things not sutable grow many times so discontented they forget themselues oft become so carelesse that a discontented melancholy brings them to much sorrow and to others much miserie At last they stood in for the coast of New-England where they met a small Frenchman rich of Beuers and other Furres Though wee had here but small knowledge of the coast nor countrie yet they tooke such an abundance of Fish and Fowle and so well refreshed themselues there with wood and water as by the helpe of God thereby hauing beene at Sea sixteene weekes got to Virginia who without this reliefe had beene in great danger to perish The French-men made them such a feast with such an abundance of varietie of Fish Fowle and Fruits as they all admired and little expected that wild wildernesse could affoord such wonderfull abundance of plentie In this ship came about two hundred men but very little prouision and the ship called the Treasurer came in againe not long after with fortie passengers the Lord la Wares ship lying in Virginia three moneths wee victualled her with threescore bushels of Corne and eight Hogsheads of flesh besides other victuall she spent whilest they tarried there this ship brought vs aduice that great multitudes were a preparing in England to bee sent and relied much vpon that victuall they should finde here whereupon our Captaine called a Councell and writ to the Councell here in England the estate of the Colonie and what a great miserie would insue if they sent not prouision as well as people and what they did suffer for want of skilfull husbandmen and meanes to set their Ploughs on worke hauing as good ground as any man can desire and about fortie Bulls and Oxen but they wanted men to bring them to labour and Irons for the Ploughs and harnesse for the Cattell Some thirtie or fortie acres wee had sowne with one Plough but it stood so long on the ground before it was reaped it was most shaken and the rest spoiled with the Cattell and Rats in the Barne but no better Corne could bee for the quantitie Richard Killingbeck being with the Captaine at Kekoughtan desired leaue to returne to his wife at Charles hundred hee went to Iames towne by water there he got foure more to goe with him by land but it proued that he intended to goe trade with the Indies of Chickahamania where making shew of the great quantitie of trucke they had which the Saluages perceiuing partly for their trucke partly for reuenge of some friends they pretended should haue beene slaine by Captaine Yearley one of them with an English peece shot Killingbeck dead the other Saluages assaulted the rest and slew them stripped them and tooke what they had But fearing this murther would come to light and might cause them to suffer for it would now proceed to the perfection of villanie for presently they robbed their Machacomocko house of the towne stole all the Indian treasure thereout and fled into the woods as other Indians related On Sunday following one Farfax that dwelt a mile from the towne going to Church left his wife and three small children safe at home as he thought and a young youth she supposing praier to be done left the children and went to meet her husband presently after came three or foure of those fugitiue Saluages entred the house and slew a boy and three children and also another youth that stole out of the Church in praier time meeting them was likewise murdered Of this disaster the Captaine sent to Opechankanough for satisfaction but he excused the matter as altogether ignorant of it at the same time the Saluages that were robbed were complaining to Opechankanough and much feared the English would bee reuenged on them so that Opechankanough sent to Captaine Argall to assure him the peace should neuer be broken by him desiring that he would not reuenge the iniurie of those fugitiues vpon the innocent people of that towne which towne he should haue and sent him a basket of earth as possession giuen of it and promised so soone as possibly they could catch these robbers to send him their heads for satisfaction but he neuer performed it Samuel Argall Iohn Rolfe A relation from Master Iohn Rolfe Iune 15. 1618. COncerning the state of our new Common-wealth it is somewhat bettered for we haue sufficient to content our selues though not in such abundance as is vainly reported in England Powhatan died this last Aprill yet the Indians continue in peace Itopatin his second brother succeeds him and both hee and Opechankanough haue confirmed our former league On the eleuenth of May about ten of the clocke in the night happened a most fearefull tempest but it continued not past halfe an houre which powred downe hailestones eight or nine inches about that none durst goe out of their doores and though it tore the barke and leaues of the trees yet wee finde not they hurt either man or beast it fell onely about Iames towne for but a mile to the East and twentie to the West there was no haile at all Thus in peace euery man followed his building and planting without any accidents worthy of note Some priuate differences happened betwixt Captaine Bruster and Captaine Argall and Captaine Argall and the Companie here in England but of them I am not fully informed neither are they here for any vse and therefore vnfit to be remembred In December one Captaine Stallings an old planter in those parts being imployed by them of the West countrie for a fishing voyage in New-England fell foule of a Frenchman whom hee tooke leauing his owne ship to returne for England himselfe with a small companie remained in the French barke some small time after vpon the coast and thence returned to winter in Virginia The gouernment surrendred to Sir George Yearley FOr to begin with the yeere of our Lord 1619. there arriued a little Pinnace priuatly from England about Easter for Captaine Argall who taking order for his affaires within foure or fiue daies returned in her and left for his Deputy Captaine Nathaniel Powell On the eâ—ighteenth of Aprill which was but ten or twelue daies after arriued Sir George Yearley by whom we vnderstood Sir Edwin Sands was chosen Treasurer and Master Iohn Farrar his Deputy and what great supplies was a preparing to be sent vs
and Poultry as is formerly related yet for so departing and other occasions much difference hath beene betwixt him and some of the Company as any of his Predecessors which I rather wish were reconciled then to be a reporter of such vnprofitable dissentions For Till trechery and faction and auarice be gone Till enuy and ambition and backbiting be none Till periury and idlenesse and iniury be out And truly till that villany the worst of all that rout Vnlesse those vises banisht be what euer Forts you haue A hundred walls together put will not haue power to saue Master Iohn Barnard sent to be Gouernour TO supply this place was sent by the noble aduenturers Iohn Bernard a Gentleman both of good meanes and quality who arriued within eight daies after Butlers departure with two ships and about one hundred and forty passengers with armes and all sorts of munition and other prouisions sufficient During the time of his life which was but six weekes in reforming all things he found defectiue he shewed himselfe so iudiciall and industrious as gaue gâ—eat satisfaction and did generally promise vice was in great danger to be suppressed and vertue and the Plantation much aduanced but so it hapned that both he and his wife died in such short time they were both buried in one day and one graue and Master Iohn Harrison chosen Gouernour till further order came from England What hapned in the gouernment of Master Iohn Harrison THey are still much troubled with a great short worme that deuours their Plants in the night but all the day they lie hid in the ground and though early in the morning they kill so many they would thinke there were no more yet the next morning you shall finde as many The Caterpillers to their fruits are also as pernicious and the land Crabs in some places are as thicke in their Borowes as Conies in a Warren and doe much hurt besides all this there hapned this yeere a very heauy disaster for a ship wherein there had beene much swearing and blaspheming vsed all the voyage and landed what she had to leaue in those Iles iouâ—ally froliking in their Cups and Tobacco by accident fired the Powder that at the very instant blew vp the great Cabin and some one way and some another it is a wonder to thinke how they could bee so blowne out of the gun-roome into the Sea where some were taken vp liuing so pitifully burned their liues were worse then so many deaths some died some liued but eighteene were lost at this fatall blast the ship also immediatly sunke with threescore barrels of meale sent for Virginia and all the other prouision in her was thus lost Now to consider how the Spaniards French and Dutch haue beene lost and preserued in those inuincible Iles yet neuer regarded them but as monuments of miseries though at this present they all desire them How Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Summers being ready to sinke in the sea were saued what an incredible abundance of victuall they found how it was first planted by the English the strange increase of Rats and their sudden departure the fiue men came from England in a boat the escape of Hilliard and the rest of those accidents there hapned a man would thinke it a tabernacle of miracles and the worlds wonder that from such a Paradise of admiration who would thinke should spring such wonders of afflictions as are onely fit to be sacrificed vpon the highest altars of sorrow thus to be set vpon the highest Pinacles of content and presently throwne downe to the lowest degree of extremity as you see haue beene the yeerely succeedings of those Plantations the which to ouercome as it is an incomparable honour so it can be no dishonour if a man doe miscarry by vnfortunate accidents in such honourable actions the which renowne and vertue to attaine hath caused so many attempts by diuers Nations besides ours euen to passe through the very amazement of aduentures Vpon the relation of this newes the Company hath sent one Captaine Woodhouse a Gentleman of good repute and great experience in the warres and no lesse prouident then industrious and valiant then returned report all goeth well there It is too true in the absence of the noble Treasurer Sir Edward Sackvill now Earle of Dorset there haue beene such complaints betwixt the Planters and the Company that by command the Lords appointed Sir Thomas Smith againe Treasurer that since then according to their order of Court he is also elected where now we must leaue them all to their good fortune and successe till we heare further of their fortunate proceedings FINIS To his friend Captaine Smith vpon his description of new-New-England SIr your Relations I haue read which shew Ther 's reason I should honour them and you And if their meaning I haue vnderstood I dare to censure thus Your Proiect 's good And may if follow'd doubtlesse quit the paine With honour pleasure and a trebble gaine Beside the benefit that shall arise To make more happy our Posterities For would we daigne to spare though 't were no more Then what ore-fils and surfets vs in store To order Nature's fruitfulnesse a while In that rude Garden you New-England stile With present good ther 's hope in after-daies Thence to repaire what Time and Pride decaies In this rich Kingdome And the spacious West Being still more with English bloud possest The proud Iberians shall not rule those Seas To checke our ships from sailing where they please Nor future times make any forraine power Become so great to force a bound to Our Much good my minde foretels would follow hence With little labour and with lesse expence Thriue therefore thy Designe who ere enuy England may ioy in England's Colony Virginia seeke her Virgin sisters good Be blessed in such happy neighbourhood Or whatsoere Fate pleaseth to permit Be thou still honour'd for first mouing it George Wither è societate Lincol. To that worthy and generous Gentleman my very good friend Captaine Smith MAy Fate thy Proiect prosper that thy name May be eternized with liuing fame Though foule Detraction Honour would peruert And Enuie euer waits vpon desert In spight of Pelias when his hate lies cold Returne as Iason with a fleece of gold Then after-ages shall record thy praise That a New-England to this I le didst raise And when thou di'st as all that liue must die Thy fame liue here thou with Eternity R. Gunnell To his worthy Captaine the Author OFt thou hast led when I brought vp the Rere In bloudy wars where thousands haue beene slaine Then giue me leaue in this some part to beare And as thy seruant here to reade my name T is true long time thou hast my Captaine beene In the fierce warres of Transiluania Long ere that thou America hadst seene Or led wast captiu'd in Virginia Thou that to passe the worlds foure parts dost deeme No more then
t' were to goe to bed or drinke And all thou yet hast done thou dost esteeme As nothing This doth cause me thinke That thou I 'aue seene so oft approu'd in dangers And thrice captiu'd thy valour still hath freed Art yet preserued to conuert those strangers By God thy guide I trust it is decreed For me I not commend but much admire Thy England yet vnknowne to passers by-her For it will praise it selfe in spight of me Thou it it thou to all posterity Your true friend and souldier Ed. Robinson To my honest Captaine the Author MAlignant Times What can be said or done But shall be censur'd and traduc't by some This worthy Worke which thou hast bought so deare Ne thou nor it Detractors need to feare Thy words by deeds so long thou hast approu'd Of thousands know thee not thou art belou'd And this great Plot will make thee ten times more Knowne and belou'd than ere thou wert before I neuer knew a Warrier yet but thee From wine Tobacco debts dice oaths so free I call thee Warrier and I make the bolder For many a Captaine now was neuer Souldier Some such may swell at this but to their praise When they haue done like thee my Muse shall raise Their due deserts to Worthies yet to come To liue like thine admir'd till day of Doome Your true friend sometimes your souldier Tho. Carlton NEW ENGLAND The most remarqueable parts thus named by the high and mighty Prince CHARLES Prince of great Britaine THE PORTRAICTUER OF CAPTAYNE IOHN SMITH ADMIRALL OF NEW ENGLAND These are the Lines that shew thy Face but those That shew thy Grace and Glory brighter bee Thy Faire-Discoueries and Fowle-Overthrowes Of Salvages much Civilliz'd by thee Best shew thy Spirit and to it Glory Wyn So thou art Brasse without but Golde within If so in Brasse too soft Smiths Acts to beare I fix thy Fame to make Brasse steele out weare Thine as thou art Virtues Goâ—â—â— Dauies Heref HONY S OIT QVI MAL Y PENSE A Scale of Leagues Observed and described by Captayn John Smith 1614 London Printed by Geor Low THE SIXTH BOOKE THE GENERALL HISTORIE OF NEW-ENGLAND COncerning this History you are to vnderstand the Letters-Patents granted by his Maiesty in 1606. for the limitation of Virginia did extend from 34. to 44. which was diuided in two parts namely the first Colony and the second the first was to the honourable City of London and such as would aduenture with them to discouer and take their choice where they would betwixt the degrees of 34. and 41. The second was appropriated to the Cities of Bristol Exeter and Plimoth c. and the West parts of England and all those that would aduenture and ioine with them and they might make their choise any where betwixt the degrees of 38. and 44. prouided there should bee at least 100. miles distance betwixt these 2. Colonies each of which had lawes priuileges and authoritie for the gouernment and aduancing their seuerall Plantations alike Now this part of America hath formerly beene called Norumbega Virginia Nuskoncus Penaquida Cannada and such other names as those that ranged the Coast pleased But because it was so mountainous rocky and full of Iles few haue aduentured much to trouble it but as is formerly related notwithstanding that honourable Patron of vertue Sir Iohn Popham Lord chiefe Iustice of England in the yeere 1606. procured meanes and men to possesse it and sent Captaine George Popham for President Captaine Rawley Gilbert for Admirall Captaine Edward Harlow master of the Ordnance Captaine Robert Dauis Sargeant-Maior Captaine Elis Best Marshall Master Seaman Secretary Captaine Iames Dauis to be Captaine of the Fort Master Gome Carew chiefe Searcher all those were of the Councell who with some hundred more were to stay in the Country they set saile from Plimoth the last of May and fell with Monahigan the eleuenth of August At Sagadahock 9. or 10. leagues southward they planted themselues at the mouth of a faire nauigable Riuer but the coast all thereabouts most extreme stony and rocky that extreme frozen Winter was so cold they could not range nor search the Country and their prouision so small they were glad to send all but 45. of their company backe againe their noble President Captaine Popham died and not long after arriued two ships well prouided of all necessaries to supply them and some small time after another by whom vnderstanding of the death of the Lord chiefe Iustice and also of Sir Iohn Gilbert whose lands there the President Rawley Gilbert was to possesse according to the aduenturers directions finding nothing but extreme extremities they all returned for England in the yeere 1608. and thus this Plantation was begunne and ended in one yeere and the Country esteemed as a cold barren mountainous rocky Desart Notwithstanding the right Honourable Henry Earle of South-hampton and those of the I le of Wight imploied Captaine Edward Harlow to discouer an I le supposed about Cape Cod but they found their plots had much abused them for falling with Monahigan they found onely Cape Cod no I le but the maine there they detained three Saluages aboord them called Pechmo Monopet and Pekenimne but Pechmo leapt ouer board and got away and not long after with his consorts cut their Boat from their sterne got her on shore and so filled her with sand and guarded her with Bowes and Arrowes the English lost her not farre from thence they had three men sorely wounded with Arrowes Anchoring at the I le of Nohone the Saluages in their Canowes assaulted the Ship till the English Guns made them retire yet here they tooke Sakaweston that after he had liued many yeeres in England went a Souldier to the warres of Bohemia At Capawo they tooke Coneconam and Epenow but the people at Agawom vsed them kindly so with fiue Saluages they returned for England yet Sir Francis Popham sent diuers times one Captaine Williams to Monahigan onely to trade and make core fish but for any Plantations there was no more speeches For all this as I liked Virginia well though not their proceedings so I desired also to see this country and spend some time in trying what I could finde for all those ill rumors and disasters From the relations of Captaine Edward Harlow and diuers others In the month of Aprill 1614. at the charge of Capt. Marmaduke Roydon Capt. George Langam Mr. Iohn Buley and Mr. William Skelton with two ships from London I chanced to arriue at Monahigan an I le of America in 434. of Northerly latitude out plot was there to take Whales for which we had one Samuel Cramton and diuers others expert in that faculty also to make trialls of a Mine of gold copper if those failed Fish and Furs were then our refuge to make our selues sauers howsoeuer we found this Whale-fishing a costly conclusion we saw many and spent much time in chasing them but could not
Pocahontas meeting in England with Captaine Smith Vitamatomack obseruations of his vsage Pocahontas her entertainment with the Queene Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The death of Pocahontas 1000. bushels of Corne from the Saluages Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The death of the Lord la Ware They are relieued in new-New-England Richard Killingbeck and foure other murdered by the Saluages Their Church and Store-house Farfax three children and two boyes also murdered Powhatans death Haile-stones eight inches about Sir Edwin Sands Treasurer Master Iohn Fareâ— Deputie Waraskoyack planted A barrell they account foure bushels Their time of Parlament Foure corporations named Captaine Wards exploit The number of Ships and men Gifts giuen But few performe them The Earle of Southampton Treasurer and M. Iohn Ferrar Deputy A French-man cast away at Guardalupo The Spaniards begin The Vice-Admirall shot betweene wind and water The manner of their fight The Captaine slaine A worthy exploit of Lucas The euent of the fight The Eaâ—le of South-hampton Treasurer Master Iohn Farrar Deputy The election of Sir Francis Wyat Gouernour for Virginia Notes worthy obseruation A degression Master Stockams relation The arriuall of Sir Francis Wyat. Master Gookins Plantation The number of Ships and men Gifts giuen Patents granted My iourney to the Easterne shore A good place to make salt in The King of Pawtxunts entertainment The trecherie of Namanicus Thomas Saluages good seruice The Earle of Southâ—mpton Treasure and Nicolas Farrar Deputy Fiue and twentie sent only to build Barks and Boats The death of Nemattanow writ by M. Wimp Security a bad guard The manner of the massacre Their cruelty The murder of Master Thorp The slauâ—hter of Captaine Powell A Saluage slaine M. Baldwines escape M. Thomas Hamer with 22 escapeth Captaine Ralfe Hamer with forty escapeth The Saluages attempt to surprise a ship Six of the Councell slaine How it was reuealed Memorandums Captaine Smith His Maiesties gâ—t London sets out 100 persons A lamentable example tâ—o oft appâ—oued Note this conclusion How the Spaniaâ—ds raise their wealth in the West Indies How they were reduced to fiue or six places Gookiâ—s and 〈◊〉 resolutions The opinion of Captaine Smith The prouidence of Captaine Nuse Captaine Croshaw his voyage to Patawomâ—k The arriuall of this newes in England Captaine Smiths offer to the Company Their answer The manner of the Sallery Captaine Croshaw states at Patawomek and his aduentures The escape of Waters and his Wâ—â—e The arriuall of Captaine 〈◊〉 at Patawomek Croshaws Fort and plot for trade â—â—â—taine Madysâ—â—â—ent â—ent to Patawâ—mâ—k The industry of Captaine Nuse Captaine Powel kils 3. Saluages The opinion of Captaine Smith Sir George Yearleys iourny to Accomack Captaine Nuse his misery An Alarum foure slaine The kindnesse of the King of Patawomek A Saluageâ— policy Madâ—son takes the Kâ—ng and kils 30. oâ— 40. The King set at liberty A digression Their proceedings of the other plantations 300 surpriseth Nandsamund Samuell Collyer slaine They surprise Pamavuke The opinion of Captaine Smith How to subiect all the Saluages in Virginia The arriuall of Captaine Butler his accidents A strange deliueraâ—ce of Master Aâ—gent others How Captaine Spilman was left in the Riuer of Patawomek The Earle of Southampton Treasurer Apparell for one man and so after the rate for more The causes of our first miseries But â—8 English in all Virginia Proofes of the healthfulnesse of the Countrey How the Saluages became subiected How we liued of the natural fruits of the Countrey Proofe of the Commodities we returned What we built How I left the Country My charge My reward The King hath pleased to take it iâ—to 〈◊〉 â—â—â—sideration The description of the Iles. The clime temper and fertility Trees and Fruits The Prickell Peare The poison weed The red weed The purging Beane The costiue tree Red Pepper The Sea feather Fruits transported Birds Egge-Birds Cahowes The Tropicke Bird and the Pemblicos presagements Of Vermine 〈◊〉 Ashes The most hurtfull things in those Iles. How it is supposed they were called the Bermudâ—â— The building and calking their Barke His returne for England A most desperate estate by a storm The care and iudgement of Sir George Somers An euident token of Gods mercy Sir George Somers 〈…〉 What meanes they mâ—de to send to Virginia A mariage and two children borne Their arriuall in Virginia Sir George Sâ—mmers his returne to the Bermudas 〈…〉 The proceedings of the three men A peece of Amber-greece of 80. pound weight How they were supplied 1611. The arriuall of Master More 1612. Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Their differences about the Amber-greece Chard in danger of hanging Master Mores industry in fortifying and planting A contention of the Minister agâ—inst the Gouernor Two peeces wâ—â—hed out of the Sea Aduenture The first supply 1613. The second supply Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer A strange increase of Potatoes The attempt of two Spanish ships A great famine and mortalitie Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer A strange being of Rauens All workes abandoned to get onely victual A supply and M. Mores returne Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Master Carter Captaine Kendall Capt. Mansfield A wonderfull accident Treasure found in the Summer Iles. A new Gouernor chosen Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Captaine Tuckars proceedings A Barke sent to the West Indies The Assises The strange aduenture of fiue men in a boat Plants from the West Indies The exploits of Captain Powâ—ll The second Assise The third Assise Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The countrey neere deuoured with rats A strange confusion of rats The returne of M. Powel from the Indies A supposed mutiny by M. Pollard and M. Rich. 1618. The diuision of the Iles into Tribes Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The first Magazin Two exploits of desperate Fugitiues The arriuall of the Blessing The arriuall of two ships Captaine Butler chosen Gouernor A plat-forme burnt and much hurt by a Hericano 1619. The refortifying the Kings Castle Amber-greece found The arriuall of two Dutch Frigots The differences betwixt the Ministers The rebuilding the Mount. The Tombe of Sir George Summers Their manner of lawes reformed Martiall Officers Ciuill Officers and Courts The second Assise A generall assemblie in manner a Parliament Their Acts. The arriuall of the Magazin ship 70000. weight of Tobacco The building of three bridges and other works The generall Assises and the proceedings A strange deliuerance of a Spanish wracke How they solemnized the powder treason and the arriuall of two ships The Spaniards returne and in danger againe 1621. Three English Murderers found in the Spanish wracke Their Assises and other passages A strange Sodomy More trialls about the wracks The Planters complaints The returne of Captaine Butler The Lord Caueâ—dâ—sh Tâ—easuâ—er Master Nicholas Farrar Deputy Sir Edward Sackuil Treasurer Master Gabriel Barber Deputy Note 1624. Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer and Master Edwards Deputy Sir Francis Popham Treasurer My first voyage to New England 1614. The coÌ„modities I got amounted to 1500. pounds The trechery of Master Hunt How Prince Charles
sicke They noted also we had no women nor cared for any of theirs some therefore thought we were not borne of women and therefore not mortall but that we were men of an old generation many yeares past risen againe from immortalitie Some would Prophesie there were more of our generation yet to come to kill theirs and take their places Those that were to come after vs they imagined to be in the ayre yet invisible and without bodies and that they by our intreaties for loue of vs did make the people die as they did by shooting invisible bullets into them To confirme this their Physicians to excuse their Ignorance in curing the disease would make the simple people beleeue that the strings of bloud they sucked out of the sicke bodies were the strings wherein the invisible bullets were tyed and cast Some thought we shot them our selues from the place where we dwelt and killed the people that had offended vs as we listed how farre distant soever And others said it was the speciall worke of God for our sakes as we had cause in some sort to thinke no lesse whatsoever some doe or may imagine to the contrary especially some Astrologers by the eclipse of the Sunne we saw that yeare before our Voyage and by a Comet which began to appeare but a few dayes before the sicknesse began but to exclude them from being the speciall causes of so speciall an Accident there are farther reasons then I thinke fit to present or alledge These their opinions I haue set downe that you may see there is hope to imbrace the truth and honor obey feare and loue vs by good dealing and government though some of our company towards the latter end before we came away with Sir Francis Drake shewed themselues too furious in slaying some of the people in some Townes vpon causes that on our part might haue bin borne with more mildnesse notwithstanding they iustly had deserued it The best neverthelesse in this as in all actions besides is to be indevoured and hoped and of the worst that may happen notice to be taken with consideration and as much as may be eschewed the better to allure them hereafter to Civilitie and Christianitie Thus you may see How Nature her selfe delights her selfe in sundry Instruments That sundry things be done to decke the earth with Ornaments Nor suffers she her servants all should runne one race But wills the walke of every one frame in a divers pace That divers wayes and divers workes the world might better grace Written by Thomas Heriot one of the Voyage How Sir Richard Grenvill went to relieue them IN the yeare of our Lord 1586. Sir Walter Raleigh and his Associates prepared a ship of a hundred tun fraughted plentifully of all things necessary but before they set sayle from England it was Easter And arriving at Hatoraâ—k they after some time spent in seeking the Collony vp in the Country and not finding them returned with all the provision againe to England About 14. or 15. dayes after Sir Richard Grenvill accompanied with three ships well appoynted arrived there Who not finding the aforesaid ship according to his expectation nor hearing any newes of the Collony there seated and left by him as is said 1585. travailing vp and downe to seeke them but when he could heare no newes of them and found their habitation abandoned vnwilling to lose the possession of the Country after good deliberation he landed fiftie men in the I le of Roanoak plentifully furnished with all manner of provision for two yeares and so returned for England Where many began strangely to discant of those crosse beginnings and him which caused me remember an old saying of Euripides Who broacheth ought that 's new to fooles vntaught Himselfe shall iudged be vnwise and good for naught Three Ships more sent to relieue them by Mr. White WE went the old course by the west Indies and Simon Ferdinando our continuall Pilot mistaking Virginia for Cape Fear we sayled not much to haue beene cast away vpon the conceit of our all-knowing Ferdinando had it not beene prevented by the vigilancy of Captaine Stafford We came to Hatorask the 22. of Iuly and with fortie of our best men intending at Roanoack to find the 50 men left by Sir Richard Grenvill But we found nothing but the bones of a man and where the Plantation had beene the houses vnhurt but overgrowne with weeds and the Fort defaced which much perplexed vs. By the History it seemes Simon Ferdinando did what he could to bring this voyage to confusion but yet they all arrived at Hatorask They repayred the old houses at Roanock and Master George How one of the Councell stragling abroad was slaine by the Salvages Not long after Master Stafford with 20. men went to Croatan with Manteo whose friends dwelled there of whom we thought to haue some newes of our 50 men They at first made shew to fight but when they heard Manteo they threw away their Armes and were friends and desired there might be a token giuen to be knowne by least we might hurt them by misprision as the yeare before one had bin by Master Layne that was ever their friend and there present yet lame The next day we had conference with them concerning the people of Secotan Aquascogoc and Pomeiok willing them of Croatan to see if they would accept our friendship and renew our old acquaintance which they willingly imbraced and promised to bring their King and Governours to Roanoak to confirme it We also vnderstood that Master Howe was slaine by the men of Wingina of Dassamonpeack and by them of Roanoack that the fiftie men left by Sir Richard Grenvill were suddainly set vpon by three hundred of Secotan Aquascogoc and Dassamonpeack First they intruded themselues among 11 of them by friendship one they slew the rest retyring to their houses they set them on fire that our men with what came next to hand were forced to make their passage among them where one of them was shot in the mouth and presently dyed and a Salvage slaine by him On both sides more were hurt but our men retyring to the water side got their boat ere they had rowed a quarter of a myle towards Hatorask they tooke vp foure of their fellowes gathering Crabs and Oysters at last they landed on a little I le by Hatorask where they remained a while but after departed they knew not whether So taking our leaues of the Croatans we came to our Fleet at Hatorask The Governour having long expected the King and Governours of Pomeiok Secotan Aquascogoc and Dassamonpeack and the 7. dayes expired and no newes of them being also informed by those of Croatan that they of Dassamonpeack slew Master How and were at the driving our men from Raonoack he thought no longer to deferre the revenge Wherefore about midnight with Captaine Stafford and twentie-foure men whereof Manteo was one for our guide
possibilitie But his Lordship being at the fales the Saluages assaulted his troopes and slew three or foure of his men Not long after his Honour growing very sicke he returned for England the 28. of March in the ship were about fiue and fiftie men but ere we arriued at Fyall fortie of vs were neare sicke to death of the Scuruie Callenture and other diseases the Gouernour being an English-man kindly vsed vs but small reliefe we could get but Oranges of which we had plenty whereby within eight daies wee recouered and all were well and strong by that they came into England Written by William Box. The Counsell of Virginia finding the smalnesse of that returne which they hoped should haue defrayed the charge of a new supply entred into a deep consultation whether it were fit to enter into a new Contribution or in time to send for them home and giue ouer the action and therefore they adiured Sir Thomas Gates to deale plainly with them who with a solemne and a sacred oath replyed That all things before reported were true and that all men know that wee stand at the deuotion of politicke Princes and States who for their proper vtilitie deuise all courses to grind our Merchants and by all pretences to confiscate their goods and to draw from vs all manner of gaine by their inquisitiue inuentions when in Virginia a few yeeres labour by planting and husbandry will furnish all our deâ—â—cts with honour and securitie Out of a Declaration published by the Counsell 1610. The gouernment left againe to Captaine George Piercie and the returne of the Lord la Ware with his Relation to the Councell MY Lords now by accident returned from my charge at Virginia contrary either to my owne desire or other mens expectations who spare not to censure me in point of dutie and to discourse and question the reason though they apprehend not the true cause of my returne I am forced out of a willingnesse to satisfie euery man to deliuer vnto your Lordships and the rest of this assemblie in what state I haue liued euer since my arriuall to the Colonie what hath beene the iust cause of my sudden departure and on what tearmes I haue left the same the rather because I perceiue that since my comming into England such a coldnesse and irresolution is bred in many of the Aduenturers that some of them seeke to withdraw their payments by which the action must be supported making this my returne colour of their needlesse backwardnesse and vniust protraction which that you may the better vnderstand I was welcomed to Iames towne by a violent ague being cured of it within threâ— weekes after I began to be distempered with other grieuous sicknesses which successiuely and seuerally assailed me for besides a relapse into the former disease which with much more violence held me more than a moneth and brought me to greater weaknesse the flux surprised mee and kept me many daies then the crampe assaulted my weake body with strong paines and after the gout all those drew me to that weaknesse being vnable to stirre brought vpon me the scuruie which though in others it be a sicknesse of slothfulnesse yet was it in mean effect of weaknesse which neuer left me till I was ready to leaue the world In these extremities I resolued to consult with my friends who finding nature spent in me and my body almost consumed my paines likewise daily increasing gaue me aduice to preferre a hopefull recouerie before an assured ruine which must necessarily haue ensued had I liued but twentie daies longer in Virginia wanting at that instant both food and Physicke fit to remedie such extraordinary diseases wherefore I shipped my selfe with Doctor Bohun and Captaine Argall for Meuis in the West Indies but being crossed with Southerly winds I was forced to shape my course for the Westerne Iles where I found helpe for my health and my sicknesse asswaged by the meanes of fresh dyet especially Oranges and Limons and vndoubted remedie for that disease then I intended to haue returned backe againe to Virginia but I was aduised not to hazard my selfe before I had perfectly recouered my strength so I came for England in which accident I doubt not but men of iudgement will imagine there would more preiudice haue happened by my death there than I hope can doe by my returne For the Colony I left it to the charge of Captaine George Piercie a Gentleman of honour and resolution vntill the comming of Sir Thomas Dale whose Commission was likewise to bee determined vpon the arriuall of Sir Thomas Gates according to the order your Lordships appointed the number I left were about two hundred the most in health and prouided of at least ten moneths victuall and the Countrie people tractable and friendly What other defects they had I found by Sir Thomas Gates at the Cowes his Fleet was sufficiently furnished with supplies but when it shall please God that Sir Thomas Dale and Sir Thomas Gates shall arriue in Virginia with the extraordinarie supply of 100. Kine and 200. Swine besides store of other prouision for the maintenance of the Colonie there will appeare that successe in the action as shall giue no man cause of distrust that hath already aduentured but incourage euery good minde to further so good a worke as will redound both to the glory of God to the credit of our nation and the comfort of all those that haue beene instruments in the furthering of it Out of the Lord la Wares discourse published by Authoritie 1611. The gouernment surrendred to Sir Thomas Dale who arriued in Virginia the tenth of May 1611. out of Master Hamors Booke BEfore the Lord la Ware arriued in England the Councell and Companie had dispatched away Sir Thomas Dale with three ships men and cattell and all other prouisions necessarie for a yeere all which arriued well the tenth of May 1611. where he found them growing againe to their former estate of penurie being so improuident as not to put Corne in the ground for their bread but trusted to the store then furnished but with three moneths prouision his first care therefore was to imploy all hands about setting of Corne at the two Forts at Kecoughtan Henry and Charles whereby the season then not fully past though about the end of May wee had an indifferent crop of good Corne. This businesse taken order for and the care and trust of it committed to his vnder-Officers to Iames towne he hastened where most of the companie were â—t their daily and vsuall works bowling in the streets these hee imployed about necessarie workes as felling of Timber repayring their houses ready to fall on their heads and prouiding pales posts and railes to impale his purposed new towne which by reason of his ignorance being but newly arriued hee had not resolued where to seat therefore to better his knowledge with one hundred men he spent some time in viewing the
in the fleet thus they liued till one of them was found to be an Englishman and had been the Spaniards Pilot for England in 88. and hauing here induced some male-contents to beleeue his proiects to run away with a small barke which was apprehended some executed and he expecting but the Hangmans curtesie directly confessed that two or three Spanish ships was at Sea purposely to discouer the estate of the Colony but their Commission was not to be opened till they arriued in the Bay so that of any thing more he was vtterly ignorant One of the Spaniards at last dyed the othâ—r was sent for England but this reprieued till Sir Thomas Dale hanged him at Sea in his voyage homeward the Eâ—glish Pilot they carried for Spaine whom after a long time imprisonment with much â—â—te was returned for England Whilst those things were effecting Sir Thomas Dalâ— hauing setled to his thinking all things in good order made choice of one Master George Yearly to be Depuâ—y-Gouernour in his absence and so returned for England accompanied with Poâ—ahontas the Kings Daughter and Master Râ—lfe her husband and arriued at Plimmoth the 12. of Iune 1616. The gouernment left to Captaine Yearly NOw a little to commentary vpon all these proceedings let me leaue but this as a caueat by the way if the alteration of gouernment hath subuerted great Empires how dangerous is it then in the infancy of a common-weale The multiplicity of Gouernors is a great damage to any State but vncertaine daily changes are burdensome because their entertainments are chargeable and many will make hay whilst the sunne doth shine how euer it shall fare with the generality This deare bought Land with so much bloud and cost hath onely made some few rich and all the rest losers But it was intended at the first the first vndertakers should be first preferred and rewarded and the first aduenturers satisfied and they of all the rest are the most neglected and those that neuer aduentured a groat neuer see the Country nor euer did any seruice for it imploied in their places adorned with their deferrs and inriched with their ruines and when they aâ—e led fat then in commeth others so leane as they were who through their omnipotency doe as much Thus what one Officer doth another vndoth only ayming at their owne ends thinking all the world derides his dignity cannot 〈◊〉 is Coffeâ—s being in authority with any thing Euery man hath his minde free but he can neuer be a true member to that estate that to enrich himselfe beggers all the Countrie Which bad course there are many yet in this noble plantation whose true honour and worth as much scornes it as the others loues it for the Nobilitie and Gentrie there is scarce any of them expects any thing buâ— the prosperitie of the action and there are some Merchants and others I am confidently perswaded doe take more care and paines nay and at their continualâ— great charge than they could be hired to for the loue of money so honestly regarding the generall good of this great worke they would hold it worse than sacrilege to wrong it but a shilling or extort vpon the common souldier a penny But to the purpose and to follow the Historie Mr. George Yearly now inuested Deputie Gouernour by Sr. Thomas Dale applied himselfe for the most part in planting Tobacco as the most present commoditie they could deuise for a present gaine so that euery man betooke himselfe to the best place he could for the purpose now though Sir Thomas Dale had caused such an abundance of corne to be planted that euery man had sufficient yet the supplies were sent vs came so vnfurnished as quickly eased vs of our superfluitie To relieue their necessities he sent to the Chickahamanias for the tribute Corne Sir Thomâ—s Dale and Captaine Argall had conditioned for with them But such a bad answer they returned him that hee drew together one hundred of his best shot with whom he went to Chickâ—hamania the people in some places vsed him indifferently but in most places with much scorne and contempt telling him he was but Sir Thomas Dâ—les man and they had payed his Master according to condition but to giue any to him they had no such order neither would they obey him as they had done his Master after he had told them his authoritie and that he had the same power to enforce them that Dale had they dared him to come on shore to fight presuming more of his not daring than their owne valours Yearly seeing their insolencies made no great difficultie to goe on shore at Ozinies and they as little to incounter him but marching from thence towards Mamanahunt they put themselues in the same order they see vs lead by their Captaine Kissanacomen Gouernour of Ozinies so marched close along by vs each as threatning other who should first begin But that night we quartered against Mamanahunt and they passed the Riuer The next day we followed them there are few places in Virginia had then more plaine ground together nor more plentie of Corne which although it was but newly gathered yet they had hid it in the woods where we could not finde it a good time we spent thus in arguing the cause the Saluages without feare standing in troupes amongst vs seeming as if their countenances had beene sufficient to dant vs what other practises they had I know not but to preuent the worst our Captaine caused vs all to make ready and vpon the word to let flie among them where he appointed others also he commanded to seize on them they could for prisoners all which being done according to our direction the Captaine gaue the word and wee presently discharged where twelue lay some dead the rest for life sprawling on the ground twelue more we â—â—oke prisoners two whereof were brothers two of their eight Elders the one tooke by Sergeant Boothe the other by Robert a Polonian Neere one hundred bushels of Corne we had for their ransomes which was promised the Souldiers for a reward but it was not performed now Opechankanough had agreed with our Captaine for the subiecting of those people that neither hee nor Powhatan could euer bring to their obedience and that he should make no peace with them without his aduice in our returne by Ozinies with our prisoners wee met Opechankanough who with much adoe fained with what paines hee had pâ—ocured their peace the which to requite they called him the King of Ozinâ—s and brought him from all parts many presents of Beads Copper and such trash as they had here as at many other times wee were beholding to Captaine Henry Spilman our Interpreter a Gentleman had liued long time in this Countrie and sometimes a prisoner among the Saluages and done much good seruice though but badly rewarded From hence we marcht towards Iames towne we had three Boats loaded with Corne and other luggage the one
vs with their Ordnances and put vs in minde we had another worke in hand Whereupon we separated the dead and hurt bodies and manned the ship with the rest and were so well incouraged wee waifed them amaine The Admirall stood aloofe off and the other would not come within Falcon shot where she lay battering vs till shee receiued another paiment from a Demiculuering which made her beare with the shore for smooth water to mend her leakes The next morning they both came vp againe with vs as if they had determined to deuour vs at once but it seemed it was but a brauado though they forsooke not our quarter for a time within Musket shot yet all the night onely they kept vs company but made not a shot During which time we had leasure to prouide vs better than before but God bethanked they made onely but a shew of another aâ—sault ere suddenly the Vice-admirall fell a starne and the other lay shaking in the wind and so they both left vs. The fight continued six houres and was the more vnwelcome because we were so ill prouided and had no intent to sight nor giue occasion to disturbe them As for the losse of men if Religion had not taught vs what by the prouidence of God is brought to passe yet daily experience might informe vs of the dangers of wars and perils at sea by stormes tempests shipwracks encounters with Pirats meeting with enemies crosse winds long voâ—ages vnknowne shores barbarous Nations and an hundred inconueniences of which humane pollicies are not capable nor mens coniectures apprehensiue We lost Doctor Bohun a worthy valianâ— Gentleman a long time brought vp amongst the most learned Surgeons and Physitions in Netherlands and this his second iourney to Virginia and seuen slaine out right two died shortly of their wounds sixteâ—nâ— was shot whose limbs God be thanked was recouered without maime and now setled in Virginia how many they lost we know not but we saw a great many lie on the decks and their skuppers runne with bloud they were abouâ— three hundred tunnes a peece each sixteene or twentie Brasse peeces Captaine Chester who in this fight had behaued himselfe like a most vigilant resolute and a couragious souldier as also our honest and valiant master did still so comfort and incourage vs by all the meanes they could at last to all our great contents we arriued in Virginia and from thence returned safely to England The Names of the Aduenturers for Virginia Alphabetically set downe according to a printed Booke set out by the Treasurer and Councell in this present yeere 1620. A SIr William Aliffe Sir Roger Aston Sir Anthony Ashley Sir Iohn Akland Sir Anthonie Aucher Sir Robert Askwith Doctor Francis Anthony Charles Anthony Edward Allen. Edmund Allen Esquire Iohn Allen. Thomas Allen. William Atkinson Esquire Richard Ashcroft Nicholas Andrews Iohn Andrews the elder Iohn Andrews the youngeâ— Iames Ascough Giles Allington Morris Abbot Ambrose Asten Iames Askew Anthony Abdey Iohn Arundell Esquire B Edward Earle of Bedford Iames Lord Bishop of Bathe and Wells Sir Francis Barrington Sir Morice Barkley Sir Iohn Benet Sir Thomas Beamont Sir Amias Bamfield Sir Iohn Bourcher Sir Edmund Bowyer Sir Thomas Bludder Sir George Bolles Sir Iohn Bingley Sir Thomas Button Sir Henry Beddingfield Companie of Barbers-Surgeons Companie of Bakers Richard Banister Iohn Bancks Miles Bancks Thomas Barber William Bonham Iames Bryerley William Barners Anthony Barners Esquire William Brewster Richard Brooke Hugh Brooker Esquire Ambrose Brewsey Iohn Brooke Matthew Bromridge Christopher Brooke Esquire Martin Bond. Gabriel Beadle Iohn Beadle Dauid Borne Edward Barnes Iohn Badger Edmund Branduell Robert Bowyer Esquire Bobert Bateman Thomas Britton Nicholas Benson Edward Bishop Peter Burgoney Thomas Burgoney Robert Burgoney Christopher Baron Peter Benson Iohn Baker Iohn Bustoridge Francis Burlâ—y William Browne Robert Barker Samuel Burnham Edward Barkley William Bennet Captaine Edward Brewster Thomas Brocket Iohn Bullock George Bache Thomas Bayly William Barkley George Butler Timothie Bathurst George Burton Thomas Bret. Captaine Iohn Brough Thomas Baker Iohn Blunt Thomas Bayly Richard and Edward Blunt Mineon Burrell Richard Blackmore William Bâ—ck Beniamin Brand. Iohn Busbridge William Burrell William Barret Francis Baldwin Edward Bâ—rber Humphrey Basse. Robert Bell. Matthew Bromrick Iohn Beaumont George Barkley Peter Bartle Thomas Bretton Iohn Blount Arthur Bromfeld Esquire William Bâ—rbloke Charles Beck C George Lord Archbishop of Canterburie William Lord Cranborne now Earle of Salisburie William Lord Compton now Earle of North-hampton William Lord Cauendish now Earle of Deuonshire Richard Earle of Clanricard Sir William Cauendish now Lord Cauendish Gray Lord Chandos Sir Henry Cary. Sir George Caluert Sir Lionell Cranfield Sir Edward Cecill Sir Robert Cotten Sir Oliuer Cromwell Sir Anthony Cope Sir Walter Cope Sir Edward Carr. Sir Thomas Conisbie Sir George Cary. Sir Edward Conwey Sir Walter Chute Sir Edward Culpeper Sir Henry Cary Captaine Sir William Crauen Sir Walter Couert Sir George Coppin Sir George Chute Sir Thomas Couentry Sir Iohn Cutts Lady Cary. Company of Cloth-workers Citie of Chichester Robert Chamberlaine Richard Chamberlaine Francis Couill William Coyse Esquire Abraham Chamberlaine Thomas Carpenter Anthony Crew Richard Cox William Crosley Iames Chatfeild Richard Caswell Iohn Cornelis Randall Carter Executâ—rs of Randall Carter William Canning Edward Carue Esquire Thomas Cannon Esquire Richard Champion Rawley Crashaw Henry Collins Henry Cromwell Iohn Cooper Richard Cooper Ioâ—n Casson Thomas Colthâ—rst Allâ—n Cotten Edward Cage Abraham Carthwright Robert Coppin Thomas Conock Ioâ—n Clapham Thomas Church William Carpenter Laurence Campe. Iames Cambell Christopher Clâ—theroe Matthew Cooper Georgâ— Chamber Captaine Iohn Cooke Câ—ptaine Thomas Conwey Esquire Edward Culpeper Esquire Master William Crashaw Abraham Colmâ—r Iohn Culpeper Edmund Colbey Richard Cooper Robert Creswell Iohn Cage Esquire Matthew Caue William Crowe Abraham Carpenter Iohn Crowe Thomas Cordell Richard Connock Esquire William Compton William Chester Thâ—mas Couel Richard Carmarden Esquire William and Paul Canning Hâ—nry Cromwell Esquire Simon Codrington Clement Chichley Iames Cullemore William Cantrell D Richard Earle of Dorset Edward Lord Dâ—nny Sir Iohn Digbie now Lord Digbie Sir Iohn Doderidge Sir Drew Drewry the elder Sir Thomas Dennis Sir Robert Drewry Sir Iohn Dauers Sir Dudley Digs Sir Marmaduke Dorrel Sir Thomas Dale Sir Thomas Denton Companie of Drapers Thomas Bond Esquire Dauid Bent Esquire Comanie of Dyers Towne of Douer Master Richard Deaâ—e Alderman Henry Dawkes Edward Dichfield William Dunne Iohn Dauis Matthew Dâ—quâ—stâ—r Philip Durdent Abraham Dawes Iohn Dike Thomas Draper Lancelot Dauis Rowley Dawsey William Dobson Esquire Anthony Dyot Esquire Auery Dranfield Roger Dye Iohn Downes Iohn Drake Iohn Delbridge Beniamin Decroâ— Thomas Dyke Ieffery Duppa Daniel Darnelly Sara Draper Clement and Henry Dawkneâ— E Thomas Earle of Exeter Sir Thomas Euerfield Sir Francis Egiock Sir Robert Edolph Iohn Eldred Esquire William Euans Richard Euans Hugh Euans Raph Ewens Esquire Iohn Elkin Robert Euelin Nicholas Exton Iohn Exton George Etheridge F Sir Moyle Finch Sir Henry Fanshaw
such places where they vse to garbish their fish and became tame Some haue attributed the destruction of them the to encrease of wild cats but that is not likely they should be so suddenly encreased rather at that time then foure yeeres before and the chiefe occasion of this supposition was because they saw some companies of them leaue the woods and slew themselues for want of food Others by the coldnesse of winter which notwithstanding is neuer so great there as with vs in March except it be in the wind besides the rats wanted not the fethers of young birds and chickins which they daily killed and Palmeta mosse to build themselues warme nests out of the wind as vsually they did neither doth it appeare that the cold was so mortall to them seeing they would ordinarily swimme from place to place and bee very fat euen in the midst of winter It remaineth then that as God doth sometimes effect his will without subordinate and secondary causes so wee need not doubt but that in the speedy encrease of this vermine as also by the preseruation of so many of them by such weake meanes as they then enioyed and especially in the so sudden remouall of this great annoyance there was ioyned with and besides the ordinary and manifest meanes a more mediate and secret worke of God About this time Henry Long with seuen others in an extreame storme were cast away but three of them escaped One of them being asked what hee thought in the worst of that extremity answered he thought nothing but gallowes claime thy right and it seemes God well heard his prayer and rewarded his ingratitude for he was hanged within halfe a yeere after In that March also fiue men went to Sea but as yet was neuer heard of and three more drowned in a boat By Hilliards house grew a very faire Cedar which by a thunder clap was rent almost to small shiuers and a man stood by him and Samuel Tanton most fearfully blasted yet neither they the house not a little childe yet a paire of racks in the house was all torne to fitters The Neptune not long after arriuing to fish for whale her fortune proued no better then the Gouernours yet some are of opinion profit might be made by them In May they discried foure saile so that manning all their Forts they stood two daies in Armes expecting what they were at last they found it Master Powell returned from the West-Indies in the Hopewell where missing such trade as he expected these three Frigots comming in his way he could not chuse but take them Meale Hides and Munition was their lading Faire weather the Gouernor made with Powell till he had got all the goods into his owne possession and then called Powell to a strict account for doing such an vnwarrantable act much a doe then was betwixt the taker and receiuer but Powell was glad to be excused to answer it in England leauing all hee had taken behinde him in the Iles The Neptune also returned with him but noble Powell lost all his pay and pillage for this yeeres worke For which the Company sent for to Tuckar so that he also lost his part as well as Powell Notwithstanding the Gouernour by this meanes being strong in shipping fitted the Caruill with twelue men vnder the command of Edward Waters formerly spoken of and sent them to Virginia about such businesse as hee had conceiued Arriuing there they obtained some goates and and hogs what they could spare and so returned for the Summer Iles but whether they could not finde the Iles for want of skill or beaten off by ill weather or the ill will they bare the Gouernor it matters not much But they bare vp again for Virginia where they all remained and would returne no more to Summer Iles. The Gouernour thinking to make some vse of the hides set some that professed themselues Tanners to make tryall of their skill but they lost their labours and spoiled the hides Also he called another Assise cōcerning a poore fellow called Gabriel for concealing some speeches M. Pollard and M. Rich should vse tending to the dis-reputation of the Gouernour and his iniustice and cruelties which being brought within the compasse of sedition and mutiny though a yeere agoe many were called in question about it although euery one ordinarily had spoke as much Yet Gabriel for example sake was condemned to bee hanged and was vpon the ladder but reprieued The other two M. Pollard and M. Rich were imprisoned but vpon better consideration the fact appeared so small and ridiculous vpon their submission they were pardoned and restored to their places The diuision of the Summer Iles into Tribes by Master Richard Norwood Surueyor ACcording to the directions of the Councell and Company as they had determined by lot M. Norwood tooke a plot of the I le and diuided it with as much faithfulnes as he could assigning to euery Aduenturer his share or proportion as namely to lay out a large proportion to bee called the generall land and imployed for publike vses as for the maintenance of the Gouernour Ministers Commanders of Forts souldiers and such like and to this end was assigned S. Georges Iland S. Dauids Iland Longbridge Iland Smiths Iland Coopers Iland Cony Iland Nonesuch Iland part of the maine and sundry other small Iles. The rest was to be diuided into eight parts each part to be called a tribe and to haue his denomination of some principall person that was Aduenturer therein and accordingly the first Tribe to bee Eastward was then called Bedfords Tribe now Hamiltons the second Smiths Tribe the third Cavendish now Deuonshires the fourth Pembrooks the fift Pagits the sixt Mansils now Warwicks the seuenth Southhampton the eighth Sands in the honours of the Right honorable the Marquis Hamilton Sir Thomas Smith the Earle of Deuonshire the Earle of Pembrooke the Lord Pagit the Earle of Warwicke the Earle of Southhampton and Sir Edwin Sands Againe each of those Tribes were to bee diuided into fifty parts called shares and euery Aduenturer to haue his shares in these tribes as was determined by casting lots in England the manner of it appeares by the Map and more largely by his Booke of the Suruay of the Countrey which is in the Records of the Colony And then began this which was before as you haue heard but as an vnsetled and confused Chaos to receiue a disposition forme and order and become indeed a Plantation The names of the Aduenturers and their shares in euery Tribe according to the suruey and the best information yet ascertained of any of their alterations Hamiltons Tribe Iames L. Marquis Hamil 6 Share Sir Edward Harwood 4 Share M. Iohn Delbridge 3 Share M. Iohn Dike 3 Share M. Ellis Roberts 2 Share M. Robert Phips 1 Share M. Ralph King 1 Share M. Quicks assignes 2 Share M. William Cannig 4 Share M. William Cannig 1 Share M. William Web. 1 Share
very Ports they would take them perforce surprise vs at worke or any way which was so long permitted they became so insolent there was no rule the command from England was so strait not to offend them as our authoritie-bearers keeping their houses would rather be any thing then peace-breakers This charitable humor prevailed till well it chanced they medled with Captaine Smith who without farther deliberation gaue them such an incounter as some he so hunted vp and downe the Isle some he so terrified with whipping beating and imprisoâ—ment as for revenge they surprised two of our forraging disorderly souldiers and having assembled their forces boldly threatned at our Ports to force Smith to redeliver seven Salvages which for their villanies he detained prisoners or we were all but dead men But to try their furies he sallied out amongst them and in lesse then an houre he so hampred their insolencies they brought them his two men desiring peace without any further composition for their prisoners Those he examined and caused them all beleeue by severall vollies of shot one of their companions was shot to death because they would not confesse their intents and plotters of those villanies And thus they all agreed in one point they were directed onely by Powhatan to obtaine him our weapons to cut our owne throats with the manner where how and when which we plainly found most true and apparant yet he sent his messengers and his dearest daughter Pocahontas with presents to excuse him of the iniuries done by some rash vntoward Captaines his subiects desiring their liberties for this time with the assurance of his loue for ever After Smith had given the prisoners what correction he thought fit vsed them well a day or two after then delivered them Pocahontas for whose sake onely he fayned to haue saued their liues and gaue them libertie The patient Councell that nothing would moue to warre with the Salvages would gladly haue wrangled with Captaine Smith for his crueltie yet none was slaine to any mans knowledge but it brought them in such feare and obedience as his very name would sufficiently affright them where before wee had sometime peace and warre twice in a day and very seldome a weeke but we had some trecherous villany or other The fraught of this Ship being concluded to be Cedar by the diligence of the Master and Captaine Smith she was quickly reladed Master Scrivener was neither idle nor slow to follow all things at the Fort the Ship being ready to set sayle Captaine Martin being alwayes very sickly and vnserviceable and desirous to inioy the credit of his supposed Art of finding the golden Mine was most willingly admitted to returne for England For He hath not fill'd his lapp That still doth hold it oap From the writings of Thomas Studley and Anas Tâ—dkill Their Names that were landed in this Supply Mathew Scrivener appointed to be one of the Councell Gent. Michaell Phittiplace William Phittiplace Ralph Morton Richard Wyffing Iohn Taverner William Cantrell Robert Barnes Richard Fetherstone George Hill George Pretty Nathaniell Causy Peter Pory Robert Gutler Michaell Sicklemore William Bentley Thomas Coe Doctor Russell Ieffrey Abbot Edward Gurgana Richard Worley Timothy Leeds Richard Killingbeck William Spence Richard â—rodger Richard Pots Richard Mullinax William Bayley Francis Perkins Iohn Harper George Forest. Iohn Nichols William Griuell Labourers RaymoÌ„d Goodison William Simons Iohn Spearman Richard Bristow William Perce Iames Watkins Iohn Bouth Christopher Rods. Richard Burket Iames Burre Nicholas Ven. Francis Perkins Richard Gradon Rawland Nelstrop Richard Savage Thomas Savage Richard Milmer William May. Vere Michaell Bishop Wiles Taylers Thomas Hope William Ward Iohn Powell William Yong. William Beckwith Larence Towtales Apothecaries Thomas Field Iohn Harford Dani Stallings Ieweller Will Dawson a refiner Abram Ransack a refiner Wil. Iohnson a Goldsmith Peter Keffer a gunsmith Rob. Alberton a perfumer Richard Belfuld a Goldsmith Post Ginnat a Chirurg Iohn Lewes a Cooper Robert Cotton a Tobacco-pipe-maker Richard Dole a Black-smith And divers others to the number of 120. CHAPTER V. The Accidents that hapned in the Discovery of the Bay of Chisapeack THe prodigalitie of the Presidents state went so deepe into our small store that Smith and Scrivener tyed him and his Parasites to the rules of proportion But now Smith being to depart the Presidents authoritie so overswayed the discretion of Mr Scrivener that our store our time our strength and labours were idely consumed to fulfill his phantasies The second of Iune 1608. Smith left the Fort to performe his Discovery with this Company Walter Russell Doctor of Physicke Gentlemen Ralfe Murton Thomas Momford William Cantrill Richard Fetherston Iames Burne Michell Sicklemore Souldiers Ionas Profit Anas Todkill Robert Small Iames Watkins Iohn Powell Iames Read Richard Keale These being in an open Barge neare three tuns burthen leaving the Phoenix aâ— Cape Henry they crossed the Bay to the Easterne shore and fell with the Isles called Smiths Isles after our Captaines name The first people we saw were two grim and stout Salvages vpon Cape Charles with long poles like lauelings headed with bone they boldly demanded what we were and what we would but after many circumstances they seemed very kinde and directed vs to Accomack the habitation of their Werowance where we were kindly intreated This King was the comliest proper civill Salvage we incountred His Country is a pleasant fertile clay â—oyle some small creekes good Harbours for small Barks but not for Ships He told vs of a strange accident lately happened him and it was two children being dead some extreame passions or dreaming visions phantasies or affection moued their parents againe to revisit their dead carkases whose benummed bodies reflected to the eyes of the beholders such delightfull countenances as though they had regained their vitall spirits This as a miracle drew many to behold them all which being a great part of his people not long after dyed and but few escaped They spake the language of Powhatan wherein they made such descriptions of the Bay Isles and rivers that often did vs exceeding pleasure Passing along the coast searching every inlet and Bay fit for harbours and habitations Seeing many Isles in the midst of the Bay we bore vp for them but ere we could obtaine them such an extreame gust of wind rayne thunder and lightening happened that with great danger we escaped the vnmercifull raging of that Ocean-like water The highest land on the mayne yet it was but low we called Keales hill and these vninhabited Isles Russels Isles The next day searching them for fresh water we could find none the defect whereof forced vs to follow the next Easterne Channell which brought vs to the river of Wighcocomoco The people at first with great fury seemed to assault vs yet at last with songs and daunces and much mirth became very tractable but searching their habitations for water we could fill but
in a weeke For he who scornes and makes but iests of cursings and his othe He doth contemne not man but God nor God nor man but both By this let no man thinke that the President and these Gentlemen spent their times as common Wood-haggers at felling of trees or such other like labours or that they were pressed to it as hirelings or common slaues for what they did after they were but once a little invred it seemed and some conceited it onely as a pleasure and recreation yet 30 or 40 of such voluntary Gentlemen would doe more in a day then 100 of the rest that must be prest to it by compulsion but twentie good workemen had beene better then them all Master Scrivener Captaine Waldo and Captaine Winne at the Fort every one in like manner carefully regarded their charge The President returning from amongst the woods seeing the time consumed and no provision gotten and the Ship lay idle at a great charge and did nothing presently imbarked himselfe in the discovery barge giving order to the Councell to send Lieutenant Percie after him with the next barge that arrived at the Fort two Barges he had himselfe and 18 men but arriving at Chickahamania that dogged Nation was too well acquainted with our wants refusing to trade with as much scorne and insolency as they could expresse The President perceiuing it was Powhatans policy to starue vs told them he came not so much for their Corne as to revenge his imprisonment and the death of his men murthered by them and so landing his men and readie to charge them they immediately fled and presently after sent their Ambassadors with corne fish foule and what they had to make their peace their Corne being that yeare but bad they complained extreamely of their owne wants yet fraughted our Boats with an hundred Bushels of Corne and in like manner Lieutenant Percies that not long after arrived and having done the best they could to content vs we parted good friends and returned to Iames towne Though this much contented the Company that feared nothing more then starving yet some so envied his good successe that they rather desired to hazzard a starving then his paines should proue so much more effectuall then theirs Some proiects there were invented by Newport and Ratliffe not onely to haue deposed him but to haue kept him out of the Fort for that being President he would leaue his place and the Fort without their consents but their hornes were so much too short to effect it as they themselues more narrowly escaped a greater mischiefe All this time our old Taverne made as much of all them that had either money or ware as could be desired by this time they were become so perfect on all sides I meane the souldiers saylers and Salvages as there was tenne times more care to maintaine their damnablâ— and private trade then to provide for the Colony things that were necessary Neither was it a small policy in Newport and the Marriners to report in England we had such plentie and bring vs so many men without victuals when they had so many private Factors in the Fort that within six or seauen weeks of two or three hundred Axes Chissels How 's and Pick-axes scarce twentie could be found and for Pike-heads shot Powder or any thing they could steale from their fâ—llowes was vendible they knew as well and as secretly how to convey them to trade with the Salvages for Furres Baskets Mussaneeks young Beasts or such like Commodities as exchange them with the Saylers for Butter Cheese Beefe Porke Aqua vitae Beere Bisket Oatmeale and Oyle and then fayne all was sent them from their friends And though Virginia affoorded no Furres for the Store yet one Master in one voyage hath got so many by this indirect meanes as he confessed to haue sold in England for 30l. Those are the Saint-seeming Worthies of Virginia that haue notwithstanding all this meate drinke and wages but now they begin to grow weary their trade being both perceived and prevented none hath beene in Virginia that hath observed any thing which knowes not this to be true and yet the losse the scorne the misery and shame was the poore Officers Gentlemen and carelesse Governours who were all thus bought sold the adventurers cousened and the action overthrowne by their false excuses informations and directions By this let all men iudge how this businesse could prosper being thus abused â—y such pilfring occasions And had not Captaine Newport cryed Peccavi the President would haue discharged the ship and caused him to haue stayed one yeare in Virginia to learne to speake of his owne experience Master Scrivener was sent with the Barges and Pinnace to Werowocomoco where he found the Salvages more readie to fight then trade but his vigilancy was such as prevented their proiects and by the meanes of Namontack got three or foure hogsheads of Corne and as much Pocones which is a red roote which then was esteemed an excellent Dye Captaine Newport being dispatched with the tryals of Pitch Tarre Glasse Frankincense Sope ashes with that Clapboord and Waynscot that could be provided met with Mr Scrivener at poynt Comfort and so returned for England We remaining were about two hundred ¶ The Copy of a Letter sent to the Treasurer and Councell of Virginia from Captaine Smith then President in VIRGINIA Right Honorable c. I Received your Letter wherein you write that our minds are so set vpon faction and idle conceits in diuiding the Country without your consents and that we feed You but with ifs ands hopes some few proofes as if we would keepe the mysteâ—y of the businesse to our selues and that we must expresly follow your instructions sent by Captain Newport the charge of whose voyage amounts to neare two thousand pounds the which if we cannot defray by the Ships returne we are like to râ—main as banished men To these particulars I humbly intreat your Pardons if I offend you with my rude Answer For our factions vnlesse you would haue me run away and leaue the Country I caâ—not prevent them because I do make many stay that would els fly any whether For the iâ—le Letter sent to my Lord of Salisbury by the President and his confâ—derats for diuiding the Country c. What it was I know not for you saw no hand of mine to it nor euer dream't I of any such matter That we feed you with hopes c. Though I be no scholer I am past a schoole boy and I desire but to know what either you and these here doe know but that I haue learned to tell you by the continuall hazard of my life I haue not concealed from you any thing I know but I feare some cause you to beleeue much more then is true Expresly to follow your direstions by Captaine Newport though they be performed I was directly against it but according to our
there villanies would hire vs we should not tell it to their kings or countrymen who would also repunish them and yet returne them to Iames towne to content the President for a testimony of their loues Master Sicklemore well returned from Chawwonoke but found little hope and lesse certaintie of them were left by Sir Walter Raleigh The riuer he saw was not great the people few the countrey most over growne with pynes where there did grow here and there straglingly Pemminaw we call silke grasse But by the riuer the ground was good and exceeding furtill Master Nathanael powell and Anas Todkill were also by the Quiyoughquohanocks conducted to the Mangoags to search them there but nothing could they learne but they were all dead This honest proper good promise keeping king of all the rest did euer best affect vs and though to his false Gods he was very zealous yet he would confesse our God as much exceeded his as our Gunns did his Bow and Arrowes often sending our President may presents to pray to his God for raine or his corne would perish for his Gods were angry Three dayes iorney they conducted them through the woodâ— into a high country towards the Sâ—â—thwest â—here they saw here and there a little câ—rne fiâ—â—d by some little spring or smal brooke but no riuer they could see the peâ—â—le in all reâ—pects like the rest except there language they liue most vpon rootes fruites and wilde beastâ— and trade with them towards the sea and the fatter countryes for dryed fish and corne for skâ—ns All this time to recouer the Dutch-men and one Bentley another fugitiue we imployed one Williâ—m Volday a Zwitzar by birth with Pardons promises to regaine them Little we then suspected this double villaine of any villany who plainly taught vs in the most trust was the greatest treason for this wicked hypocrite by the seeming hate he bore to the lewd conditions of his cursed country men hauing this oportunity by his imployment to regaine them conuayed them euery thing they desired to eâ—fect their proiects to distroy the Colony With much deuotion they expected the Spaniard to whom they intended good seruice or any other that would but carry them from vs. But to begin with the â—â—rst oportunity thâ—â— seâ—ing necessitie thus inforced vs to disperse our selues importuned Powhatan to lend them but his forces and they would not onely distroy our Hoggs fire our towne and betray our Pinnace but bring to his seruice and subiection the most of our company With this plot they had acquainted many Discontents and many were agreed to their Deuilish practise But one Thomas Douse and Thomas Mallard whose christian hearts relented at such an vnchristian act voluntarily reuealed it to Captaine Smith who caused them to conceale it perswading â—ouse and Mallard to proceed in their confedracie onely to bring the irreclamable Dutch men and the inconstant Salvages in such a maner amongst such Ambuscado's as he had prepared that not many of theÌ„ should returne from our Peninsula But this brute coÌ„ming to the â—ares of the impatieÌ„t multitude they so importuned the President to cut off those Dutch men as amongst many that offred to cut their throats befâ—re the face of PowhataÌ„ the first was LieutenaÌ„t Percy and Mr. Iohn Cuderington two Gentlemen of as bold resolute spirits as could possibly be fouÌ„d But the PresideÌ„t had occasioÌ„ of other imploiment for them gaue gaue way to Master Wyffin and Sarieant Ieffrey Abbot to goe and stab them or shoot them But the Dutch men made such excuses accusing Velday whom they supposed had reuealed their proiect as Abbot would not yet Wyffing would perceiuing it but deceit The King vnderstanding of this their imployment sent presently his messengers to Captaine Smith to signifie it was not his fault to detaine them nor hinder his men from executing his command nor did he nor would he mantaine them or any to occasion his displeâ—sure But whilst this businesse was in hand Arriued one Captaine Argall and Master Thomas Sedan sent by Master Cornelius to truck with the Colony and fish for Sturgeon with a ship well furnished with wine and much other good provision Though it was not sent vs our necessities was such as inforced vs to take it He brought vs newes of a great supply and preparation for the Lord La Woore with letters that much taxed our President for his heard dealing with the Salvages and not returning the shippes fraughted Notwithstanding we kept this ship tell the fleere arriued True it is Argall lost his voyage but we renictualled him and sent him for England with a true relation of the causes of our defailments and how imposible it was to returne that wealth they expected or obserue there instructions to indure the Salvages insolencies or doe any thing to any purpose except they would send vs men and meanes that could produce that they so much desired otherwises all they did was lost and could not but come to confusion The villany of Volday we still dissembled Adam vpon his pardon came home but Samuell still stayed with Powhahan to heare further of their estates by this supply Now all their plots Simth so well vnderstood they were his best advantages to secure vs from any trechery could be done by them or the Salvages which with facility he could revenge when he would because all those countryes more feared him then Powhatan and hee had such parties with all his bordering neighbours and many of the rest for loue or feare would haue done any thing he would haue them vpon any commotion though these fugitiues had done all they could to perswade Powhatan King Iames would kill Smith for vsing him and his people so vnkindly By this you may see for all those crosses trecheries and dissentions how hee wrestled and overcame without bloudshed all that happened also what good was done how few dyed what food the Countrey naturally affoordeth what small cause there is men should starue or be murthered by the Salvages that haue discretion to mannage them with courage and industrie The two first yeares though by his adventures he had oft brought the Salvages to a tractable trade yet you see how the envious authoritie ever crossed him and frustrated his best endevours But it wrought in him that experience and estimation amongst the Salvages as otherwise it had bin impossible he had ever effected that he did Notwithstanding the many miserable yet generous and worthy adventures he had oft and long endured in the wide world yet in this case he was againe to learne his Lecture by experience Which with thus much adoe having obtained it was his ill chance to end when he had but onely learned how to begin And though he left those vnknowne difficulties made easie and familiar to his vnlawfull successors who onely by liuing in Iames Towne presumed to know more then all the world could direct them Now though they had
all his Souldiers with a tripple power and twice tripple better meanes by what they haue done in his absence the world may see what they would haue done in his presence had he not prevented their indiscretions it doth iustly proue what cause he had to send them for England and that he was neither factious mutinous nor dishonest But they haue made it more plaine since his returne for England having his absolute authoritie freely in their power with all the advantages and opportunitie that his labours had effected As I am sorry their actions haue made it so manifest so I am vnwilling to say what reason doth compell me but onely to make apparant the truth least I should seeme partiall reasonlesse and malicious CHAPTER XII The Arrivall of the third Supply TO redresse those jarres and ill proceedings the Treasurer Councell and Company of Virginia not finding that returne and profit they expected and them ingaged there not having meanes to subsist of themselues made meanes to his Maiestie to call in their Commission and take a new in their owne names as in their owne publication 1610. you may â—eade at large Having thus annihilated the old by vertue of a Commission made to the right Honourable Sir Thomas West Lord de la Warre to be Generall of Virginia Sir Thomas Gates his Lieutenant Sir George Somers Admirall Sir Thomas Dale high Marshall Sir Fardinando Wainman Generall of the Horse and so all other offices to many other worthy Gentlemen for their liues though not any of them had ever beene in Virginia except Captaine Newport who was also by Patent made vice-Admirall those noble Gentlemen drew in such great summes of money that they sent Sir Thomas Gates Sir George Somers and Captaine Newport with nine shippes and fiue hundred people who had each of them a Commission who first arrived to call in the old without the knowledge or consent of them that had endured all those former dangers to beat the path not any regard had at all of them All things being ready because those three Captaines could not agree for place it was concluded they should goe all in one ship so all their three Commissions were in that Ship with them called the Sea-Venture They set sayle from England in May 1609. A small Catch perished at Sea in a Hericano the Admirall with an hundred and fiftie men with the two Knights and their new Commission their Bils of Loading with all manner of directions and the most part of their provision arrived not With the other seaven Ships as Captaines arrived Ratliffe whose right name as is sayd was Sicklemore Martin and Archer with Captaine Wood Captaine Webbe Captaine Moone Captaine King Captaine Davis and divers Gentlemen of good meanes and great parentage But the first as they had beene troublesome at Sea began againe to marre all ashore for though as is said they were formerly sent for England yet now returning againe graced by the titles of Captaines of the passengers seeing the Admirall wanting and great probabilitie of her losse strengthened themselues with those new companies so exclaiming against Captaine Smith that they mortally hated him ere ever they saw him Who vnderstanding by his Scouts the arrivall of such a Fleet little dreaming of any such supply supposed them Spanyards But he quickly so determined and ordered our affaires as we little feared their Arrivall nor the successe of our incounter nor were the Salvages any way negligent for the most part to ayd and assist vs with their best power Had it so beene we had beene happy for we would not haue trusted them but as our foes where receiuing them as our Countreymen and friends they did what they could to murther our President to surprise the Store the Fort and our Iudgings to vsurpe the government and make vs all their servants and slaues till they could consume vs and our remembrance and rather indeed to supplant vs then supply vs as master William Box an honest Gentleman in this voyage thus relateth In the tayle of a Hericano wee were separated from the Admirall which although it was but the remainder of that Storme there is seldome any such in England or those Northerne parts of Europe Some lost their Masts some their Sayles blowne from their Yards the Seas so over-raking our Ships much of our prouision was spoyled our Fleet separated and our men sicke and many dyed and in this miserable estate we arrived in Virginia But in this Storme When ratling Thunder ran along the Clouds Did not the Saylers poore and Masters proud A terror feele as strucke with feare of God Did not their trembling ioynts then dread his rod Least for foule deeds and black mouth'd blasphemies The rufull time be come that vengeance cryes To a thousand mischiefes those lewd Captaines led this lewd company wherein were many vnruly Gallants packed thither by their friends to escape ill destinies and those would dispose and determine of the government sometimes to one the next day to another to day the old Commission must rule to morrow the new the next day neither in fine they would rule all or ruine all yet in charitie we must endure them thus to destroy vs or by correcting their follies haue brought the worlds censure vpon vs to be guiltie of their blouds Happie had we beene had they never arrived and we for ever abandoned and as we were left to our fortunes for on earth for the number was never more confusion or misery then their factions occasioned The President seeing the desire those Braues had to rule seeing how his authoritie was so vnexpectedly changed would willingly haue left all and haue returned for England But seeing there was small hope this new Commission would arriue longer he would not suffer those factious spirits to proceede It would be too tedious too strange and almost incredible should I particularly relate the infinite dangers plots and practices he daily escaped amongst this factious crew the chiefe whereof he quickly layd by the heeles till his leasure better served to doe them iustice and to take away all occasions of further mischiefe Master Percie had his request granted to returne for England being very sicke and Mr West with an hundred and twentie of the best he could chuse he sent to the Fâ—lles Martin with neare as many to Nandsamund with their due proportions of all provisions according to thir numbers Now the Presidents yeare being neare expired he made Captaine Martin President to follow the order for the election of a President every yeare but he knowing his owne insufficiency and the companies vntowardnesse and little regard of him within three houres after resigned it againe to Captaine Smith and at Nandsamund thus proceeded the people being contributers vsed him kindly yet such was his iealous feare in the midst of their mirth he did surprise this poore naked King with his Monuments houses and the Isle he inhabited and there
Padget 5. Pembrok 6. Cauendish 7. Smith 8. Hambleton St Catherins forte F Pembroks forte K Kings Castell M Southampton forte L Devonshire Redute O A Scale of 8 Miles 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 St George Towne D Warwicks forte E The 3 Bridges A.B.C. P Riches Mount State house The Letters A.B.C. shew the sittuation of the 3 bridges P the Mount D.E.F.G.H.I.K.L.M.N.O. the forts how and by whom they wer made the history will shew you The discription of the land by Mr Norwood All contracted into this order by Captaine Iohn Smith Smiths forte I Pagets forte H Penistons Redoute G Charles forte N Printed by Iames Reeve THE FOVRTH BOOKE TO MAKE PLAINE THE TRVE PROCEEdings of the Historie for 1609. we must follow the examinations of Doctor Simons and two learned Orations published by the Companie with the relation of the Right Honourable the Lord De la Ware What happened in the first gouernment after the alteration in the time of Captaine George Piercie their Gouernour THE day before Captaine Smith returned for England with the ships Captaine Dauis arriued in a small Pinace with some sixteene proper men more To these were added a company from Iames towne vnder the command of Captaine Iohn Sickelmore alias Ratliffe to inhabit Point Comfort Captaine Martin and Captaine West hauing lost their boats and neere halfe their men among the Saluages were returned to Iames towne for the Saluages no sooner vnderstood Smith was gone but they all reuolted and did spoile and murther all they incountered Now wee were all constrained to liue onely on that Smith had onely for his owne Companie for the rest had consumed their proportions and now they had twentie Presidents with all their appurtenances Master Piercie our new President was so sicke hee could neither goe nor stand But ere all was consumed Captaine West and Captaine Sickelmore each with a small ship and thirtie or fortie men well appointed sought abroad to trade Sickelmore vpon the confidence of Powhatan with about thirtie others as carelesse as himselfe were all slaine onely Ieffrey Shortridge escaped and Pokahontas the Kings daughter saued a boy called Henry Spilman that liued many yeeres after by her meanes amongst the Patawomekes Powhatan still as he found meanes cut off their Boats denied them trade so that Captaine West set saile for England Now we all found the losse of Captaine Smith yea his greatest maligners could now curse his losse as for corne prouision and contribution from the Saluages we had nothing but mortall wounds with clubs and arrowes as for our Hogs Hens Goats Sheepe Horse or what liued our commanders officers Saluages daily consumed them some small proportions sometimes we tasted till all was deuoured then swords armes pieces or any thing wee traded with the Saluages whose cruell fingers were so oft imbrewed in our blouds that what by their crueltie our Gouernours indiscretion and the losse of our ships of fiue hundred within six moneths after Captaine Smiths departure there remained not past sixtie men women and children most miserable and poore creatures and those were preserued for the most part by roots herbes acornes walnuts berries now and then a little fish they that had startch in these extremities made no small vse of it yea euen the very skinnes of our horses Nay so great was our famine that a Saluage we slew and buried the poorer sort tooke him vp againe and eat him and so did diuers one another boyled and stewed with roots and herbs And one amongst the rest did kill his wife powdered her and had eaten part of her before it was knowne for which hee was executed as hee well deserued now whether shee was better roasted boyled or carbonado'd I know not but of such a dish as powdered wise I neuer heard of This was that time which still to this day we called the staruing time it were too vile to say and scarce to be beleeued what we endured but the occasion was our owne for want of prouidence industrie and gouernment and not the barrennesse and defect of the Countrie as is generally supposed for till then in three yeeres for the numbers were landed vs we had neuer from England prouision sufficient for six moneths though it seemed by the bils of loading sufficient was sent vs such a glutton is the Sea and such good fellowes the Mariners we as little tasted of the great proportion sent vs as they of our want and miseries yet notwithstanding they euer ouer-swayed and ruled the businesse though we endured all that is said and chiefly liued on what this good Countrie naturally afforded yet had wee beene euen in Paradice it selfe with these Gouernours it would not haue beene much better with vs yet there was amongst vs who had they had the gouernment as Captaine Smith appointed but that they could not maintaine it would surely haue kept vs from those extremities of miseries This in ten daies more would haue supplanted vs all with death But God that would not this Countrie should be vnplanted sent Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Sommers with one hundred and fiftie people most happily preserued by the Bermudas to preserue vs strange it is to say how miraculously they were preserued in a leaking ship as at large you may reade in the insuing Historie of those Ilands The gouernment resigned to Sir Thomas Gates 1610. WHen these two Noble Knights did see our miseries being but strangers in that Countrie and could vnderstand no more of the cause but by coniecture of our clamours and complaints of accusing and excusing one another They embarked vs with themselues with the best meanes they could and abandoning Iames towne set saile for England whereby you may see the euent of the gouernment of the former Commanders left to themselues although they had liued there many yeeres as formerly hath beene spoken who hindred now their proceedings Captaine Smith being gone At noone they fell to the I le of Hogs and the next morning to Mulbery point at what time they descried the Long-boat of the Lord la Ware for God would not haue it so abandoned For this honourable Lord then Gouernour of the Countrie met them with three ships exceedingly well furnished with all necessaries fitting who againe returned them to the abandoned Iames towne Out of the obseruations of William Simmons Doctor of Diuinitie The gouernment deuolued to the Lord la Ware HIs Lordship arriued the ninth of Iune 1610. accompanied with Sir Ferdinando Warnman Captaine Houlâ—roft Captaine Lawson and diuers other Gentlemen of sort the tenth he came vp with his fleet went on shore heard a Sermon read his Commission and entred into consultation for the good of the Colonie in which secret counsell we will a little leaue them that we may duly obserue the reuealed counsell of God Hee that shall but turne vp his eie and behold the spangled canopie of heauen or shall but cast downe his eie and consider the embroydered
honest Gentleman and of good behauiour had beene in loue with Pocahontas and she with him which thing at that instant I made knowne to Sir Thomas Dale by a letter from him wherein hee intreated his aduice and she acquainted her brother with it which resolution Sir Thomas Dale well approued the brute of this mariage came soone to the knowledge of Powhatan a thing acceptable to him as appeared by his sudden consent for within ten daies he sent Opachisco an old Vncle of hers and two of his sons to see the manner of the mariage and to doe in that behalfe what they were requested for the confirmation thereof as his deputie which was accordingly done about the first of Aprill And euer since wee haue had friendly trade and commerce as well with Powhatan himselfe as all his subiects Besides this by the meanes of Powhatan we became in league with our next neighbours the Chicahamanias a lustie and a daring people free of themselues These people so soone as they heard of our peace with Powhatan sent two messengers with presents to Sir Thomas Dale and offered him their seruice excusing all former iniuries hereafter they would euer be King Iames his subiects and relinquish the name of Chickahamania to be called Tassautessus as they call vs and Sir Thomas Dale there Gouernour as the Kings Deputie onely they desired to be gouerned by their owne Lawes which is eight of their Elders as his substitutes This offer he kindly accepted and appointed the day hee would come to visit them Whâ—n the appointed day came Sir Thomas Dale and Captaine Argall with fiftie men well appointed went to Chickahamania where wee found the people expecting our comming they vsed vs kindly and the next morning sate in counsell to conclude their peace vpon these conditions First they should for euer bee called Englishmen and bee true subiects to King Iames and his Deputies Secondly neither to kill nor detaine any of our men nor cattell but bring them home Thirdly to bee alwâ—ies ready to furnish vs with three hundred men against the Spaniards or any Fourthly they shall not enter â—ur townes but send word they are new Englishmen Fiftly that euery fighting man at the beginning of haruest shall bring to our store two bushels of Corne for tribute for which they shall recâ—iue so many Hatchets Lastly the eight chiefe men should see all this performed or receiue the punishment themselues for their diligence they should haue a red coat a copper chaine and King Iames his picture and be accounted his Noblemen All this they concluded with a generall assent and a great shout to confirme it then one of the old men began an Oration bending his speech first to the old men then to the young and then to the women and children to make them vnderstand how strictly they were to obserue these conditions and we would defend them from the furie of Powhatan or any enemie whatsoeuer and furnish them with Copper Beads and Hatchets but all this was rather for feare Powhatan and we being so linked together would bring them againe to his subiection the which to preuent they did rather chuse to be protected by vs than tormented by him whom they held a Tyrant And thus wee returned againe to Iames towne When our people were fed out of the common store and laboured iointly together glad was he could slip from his labour or slumber ouer his taske he cared not how nay the most honest among them would hardly take so much true paines in a weeke as now for themselues they will doe in a day neither cared they for the increase presuming that howsoeuer the haruest prospered the generall store must maintaine them so that wee reaped not so much Corne from the labours of thirtie as now three or foure doe prouide for themselues To preuent which Sir Thomas Dale hath allotted euery man three Acres of cleare ground in the nature of Farmes except the Bermudas who are exempted but for one moneths seruice in the yeere which must neither bee in feed-time nor haruest for which doing no other dutie they pay yeerely to the store but two barrels and a halfe of Corne from all those Farmers whereof the first was William Spence an honest valiant and an industrious man and hath continued from 1607. to this present from those is expected such a contribution to the store as wee shall neither want for our selues nor to entertaine our supplies for the rest they are to worke eleuen moneths for the store and hath one moneth onely allowed them to get prouision to keepe them for twelue except two bushels of Corne they haue out of the store if those can liue so why should any feare staruing and it were much better to denie them passage that would not ere they come bee content to ingage themselues to those conditions for onely from the slothfull and idle drones and none else hath sprung the manifold imputations Virginia innocenâ—ly hath vndergone and therefore I would deter such from comming here that cannot well brooke labour except they will vndergoe much punishment and penurie if they escape the skuruie but for the industrious there is reward sufficient and if any thinke there is nothing but bread I referre you to his relations that discouered the Countrie first The gouernment left to Sir Thomas Dale vpon Sir Thomas Gates returne for England SIr Thomas Dale vnderstanding there was a plantation of Frenchmen in the north part of Virginia about the degrees of 45. sent Captaine Argall to Port Royall and Sancta Crux where finding the Frenchmen abroad dispersed in the Woods surprized their Ship and Pinnace which was but newly come from France wherein was much good apparel and other prouision which he brought to Iames towne but the men escaped and liued among the Saluages of those Countries It pleased Sir Thomas Dale before my returne to England because I would be able to speake somewhat of my owne knowledge to giue mee leaue to visit Powhatan and his Court being prouided I had Thomas Saluage with mee for my Interpreter with him and two Saluages for guides I went from the Bermuda in the morning and came to Matchâ—t the next night where the King lay vpon the Riuer of Pamavuke his entertainment was strange to me the boy he knew well and told him My child I gaue you leaue being my boy to goe see your friends and these foure yeeres I haue not seene you nor heard of my owne man Namoutack I sent to England though many ships since haue beene returned thence Hauing done with him hee began with mee and demanded for the chaine of pearle he sent his brother Sir Thomas Dale at his first arriuall which was a token betwixt them when euer hee should send a messenger from himselfe to him he should weare that chaine about his necke since the peace was concluded otherwaies he was to binde him and send him home It
ought to perseuere if otherwise yet their honour ingageth them to be constanâ— howsoeuer they stand affected here is enough to content them These are the things haue animated me to stay a little season from them I am bound in conscience to returne vnto leauing all contenting pleasures and mundall delights to reside here with much turmoile which I will rather doe than see Gods glory diminished my King and Countâ—y dishonoured and these poore soules I haue in charge reuiued which would quickly happen if I should leaue them so few I haue with me fit to command or manage the businesse Master Whitaker their Preacher complaineth and much museth that so few of our English Ministers that were so hot against the surplice and subscription come hether where neither is spoken of Doe they not wilfully hide their talents or keepe themselues at home for feare of losing a few pleasures be there not any among them of Moses his minde and of the Apostles that forsooke all to follow Christ but I refer them to the Iudge of all hearts and to the King that shall reward euery one according to his talent From Virginia Iune 18. 1614. The businesse being brought to this perfection Captaine Argaâ—l returned for England in the latter end of Iune 1614. ariuing in England and bringing this good tidings to the Councell and company by the assistances of Sir Thomas Gates thâ—t also had returned from Virginia but the March before it was presently concluded that to supply this good successe with all expedition the standing Lottery should be drawne with all diligent conueniency and that posterity may remember vpon occasion to vse the like according to the declaration I thinke it not amisse to remember thus much The Contents of the declaration of the Lottery published by the Counsell IT is apparent to the world by how many former Proclamations we manifested our intents to haue drawn out the great standing Lottery long before this which not falling out as we desired and others expected whose monies are aduentured therâ—in we thought good therefore for the auoiding all vniust and sinister constructions to resolue the doubts of all indifferent minded in three speciall points for their better satisfaction But ere I goe any farther let vs remember there was a running Lottery vsed a long time in Saint Pauls Church-yard where this stood that brought into the Treasury good summes of mony dayly though the Lot was but small Now for the points the first is for as much as the Aduenturers came in so slackly for the yeere past without preiudice to the generality in losing the blankes and prises we were forced to petition to the honourable Lords who out of their noble care to further this Plantation haue recommended their Letters to the Countries Cities and good townes in England which we hope by sending in their voluntary Aduenturers will sufficiently supply vs. The second for satisfaction to all honest well affected minds is that though this expectation answer not our hopes yet wee haue not failed in our Christian care the good of that Colony to whom we haue lately sent two sundry supplies and were they but now supplied with more hands wee should soone resolue the diuision of the Country by Lot and so lessen the generall charge The third is our constant resolution that seeing our credits are so farre ingaged to the honourable Lords and the whole State for the drawing this great Lottery which we intend shall be without delay the 26. of Iune next desiring all such as haue vndertaken with bookes to solicit their friends that they will not with-hold their monies till the last moneth be expired lest we be vnwillingly forced to proportion a lesse value and number of our Blankes and Prises which hereafter followeth Welcomes TO him that first shall be drawne out with a blanke 100 Crownes To the second 50 Crownes To the third 25 Crownes To him that euery day during the drawing of this Lottery shall bee first drawne out with a blanke 10 Crownes Prizes 1 Great Prize of 4500 Crownes 2 Great Prizes each of 2000 Crownes 4 Great Prizes each of 1000 Crownes 6 Great Prizes each of 500 Crownes 10 Prizes each of 300 Crownes 20 Prizes each of 200 Crownes 100 Prizes each of 100 Crownes 200 Prizes each of 50 Crownes 400 Prizes each of 20 Crownes 1000 Prizes each of 10 Crownes 1000 Prizes each of 8 Crownes 1000 Prizes each of 6 Crownes 4000 Prizes each of 4 Crownes 1000 Prizes each of 3 Crownes 1000 Prizes each of 2 Crownes Rewards TO him that shall be last drawne out with a blanke 25 Crownes To him that putteth in the greatest Lot vnder one name 400 Crownes To him that putteth in the second greatest number 300 Crownes To him that putteth in the third greatest number 200 Crownes To him that putteth in the fourth greatest number 100 Crownes If diuers be of equall number their rewards are to be diuided proportionally Addition of new Rewards THe blanke that shall bee drawne out next before the great Prize shall haue 25 Crownes The blanke that shall be drawne out next after the said great Prize 25 Crownes The blancks that shall be drawne out immediatly before the two next great Prizes shall haue each of them 20 Crownes The seuerall blankes next after them each shall haue 20 Crownes The seuerall blankes next before the foure great Prizes each shall haue 15 Crownes The seuerall blankes next after them each shall haue 15 Crownes The seuerall blankes next before the six great Prizes each shall haue 10 Crownes The seuerall blankes next after them each shall haue 10 Crownes The prizes welcomes and rewards shall be payed in ready Mony Plate or other goods reasonably rated if any dislike of the plate or goods he shall haue mony abating only the tenth part except in small prizes of ten Crownes or vnder The mony for the Aduenturers is to be paied to Sir Thomas Smith Knight and Treasurer for Virginia or such Officâ—rs as he shall appoint in City or Country vnder the common seale of the company for the receâ—t thereof All prizes welcomes and rewards drawne where euer they dwell shall of the Treasurer haue present pay and whosoeuer vnder one name or poâ—sie payeth three pound in ready money shall receiue six shillings and eight pence or a siluer spoone of that value at his choice About this time it chanced a Spanish ship beat too and againe before point Comfort and at last sent a shore their boat as desirous of a Pilot. Captaine Iames Dauis the gouernor immediatly gaue them one but he was no sooner in the boat but away they went with him leauing three of their companions behind them this sudden accident occasioned some distrust and a strict examination of those three thus left yet with as good vsage as our estate could afford them They only confessed hauing lost their Admirall accident had forced them into those parts and two of them were Captaines and in chiâ—fe authority
then one hundred ships of other proportions and eight or ten thousand people Now if you please to compare what hath beene spent sent discouered and done this fifteene yeares by that we did in the three first yeares and euery Gouernor that hath beene there since giue you but such an account as this you may easily finde what hath beene the cause of those disasters in Virginia Then came in Captaine Argall and Master Sedan in a ship of Master Cornelius to fish for Sturgion who had such good prouision we contracted with them for it whereby we were better furnished then euer Not long after came in seuen ships with about three hundred people but rather to supplant vs then supply vs their Admirall with their authoritie being cast away in the Bermudas very angry they were we had made no better prouision for them Seuen or eight weekes we withstood the invndations of these disorderly humors till I was neere blowne to death with Gun-powder which occasioned me to returne for England In the yeare 1609 about Michaelmas I left the Countrey as is formerly related with three ships seuen Boats Commodities to trade haruest newly gathered eight weeks prouision of Corne and Meale about fiue hundred persons three hundred Muskets shot powder and match with armes for more men then we had The Saluages their language and habitation well knowne to two hundred expert Souldiers Nets for fishing tooles of all sorts apparell to supply their wants six Mares and a Horse fiue or six hundred Swine many more Powltry what was brought or bred but victuall there remained Hauing spent some fiue yeares and more then fiue hundred pounds in procuring the Letters Patents and setting forward and neere as much more about New England c. Thus these nineteene yeares I haue here and there not spared any thing according to my abilitie nor the best aduice I could to perswade how those strange miracles of misery might haue beene preuented which lamentable experience plainly taught me of necessity must insue but few would beleeue me till now too deerely they haue paid for it Wherefore hitherto I haue rather left all then vndertake impossibilities or any more such costly taskes at such chargeable rates for in neither of those two Countries haue I one foot of Land nor the very house I builded nor the ground I digged with my owne hands nor euer any content or satisfaction at all and though I see ordinarily those two Countries shared before me by them that neither haue them nor knowes them but by my descriptions Yet that doth not so much trouble me as to heare and see those contentions and diuisions which will hazard if not ruine the prosperitie of Virginia if present remedy bee not found as they haue hindred many hundreds who would haue beene there ere now and makes them yet that are willing to stand in a demurre For the Books and Maps I haue made I will thanke him that will shew me so much for so little recompence and beare with their errors till I haue done better For the materials in them I cannot deny but am ready to affirme them both there and here vpon such grounds as I haue propounded which is to haue but fifteene hundred men to subdue againe the Saluages fortifie the Countrey discouer that yet vnknowne and both defend feed their Colony which I most humbly refer to his Maiesties most iudiciall iudgement and the most honourable Lords of his Priuy Councell you his trusty and well-beloued Commissioners and the Honourable company of Planters and well-willers to Virginia new-New-England and Sommer-Ilands Out of these Obseruations it pleased his Maiesties Commissioners for the reformation of Virginia to desire my answer to these seuen Questions Quest. 1. WHat conceiue you is the cause the Plantation hath prospered no better since you left it in so good a forwardnesse Answ. Idlenesse and carelesnesse brought all I did in three yeeres in six moneths to nothing and of fiue hundred I left scarce threescore remained and had Sir Thomas Gates not got from the Bermudas I thinke they had beene all dead before they could be supplied Quest. 2. What conceiue you should be the cause though the Country be good there comes nothing but Tobacco Answ. The oft altering of Gouernours it seemes causes euery man make vse of his time and because Corne was stinted at two shillings six pence the bushell and Tobacco at three shillings the pound and they value a mans labour a yeere worth fifty or threescore pound but in Corne not worth ten pound presuming Tobacco will furnish them with all things now make a mans labour in Corne worth threescore pound and in Tobacco but ten pound a man then shall they haue Corne sufficient to entertaine all commers and keepe their people in health to doe any thing but till then there will be little or nothing to any purpose Quest. 3. What conceiue you to haue beene the cause of the Massacre and had the Saluages had the vse of any peeces in your time or when or by whom they were taught Answ. The cause of the Massacre was the want of marshall discipline and because they would haue all the English had by destroying those they found so carelesly secure that they were not prouided to defend themselues against any enemy being so dispersed as they were In my time though Captaine Nuport furnished them with swords by truck and many fugitiues did the like and some Peeces they got accidentally yet I got the most of them againe and it was death to him that should shew a Saluage the vse of a Peece Since I vnderstand they became so good shot they were imployed for Fowlers and Huntsmen by the English Quest. 4. What charge thinke you would haue setled the gouernment both for defence and planting when you left it Answ. Twenty thousand pound would haue hyred good labourers and mechanicall men and haue furnished them with cattle and all necessaries and 100. of them would haue done more then a thousand of those that went though the Lord Laware Sir Ferdinando Waynman Sir Thomas Gates and Sir Thomas Dale were perswaded to the contrary but when they had tried they confessed their error Quest. 5. What conceiue you would be the remedy and the charge Answ. The remedy is to send Souldiers and all sorts of labourers and necessaries for them that they may be there by next Michaelmas the which to doe well will stand you in fiue thousand pound but if his Maiesty would please to lend two of his Ships to transport them lesse would serue besides the benefit of his grace to the action would encourage all men Quest. 6. What thinke you are the defects of the gouernment both here and there Answ. The multiplicity of opinions here and Officers there makes such delaies by questions and formalitie that as much time is spent in complement as in action besides some are so desirous to imploy their ships hauing six pounds for euery
swallowed their death Surely it is impossible any should now be vrged to doe his best and although they knew it that place all men did so shun yet they spread all the faile they could to attaine them for not long it was before they strucke vpon a rocke till a surge of the sea cast her from thence and so from one to another till most luckily at last so vpright betwixt two as if she had beene in the stocks till this they expected but euery blow a death But now behold suddenly the wind giues place to a calme and the billowes which each by ouertaking her would in an instant haue shiuered her in peeces become peaceable and still so that with all conueniency and ease they vnshipped all their goods victuall and persons into their Boats and with extreme ioy euen almost to amazednesse arriued in safetie though more then a league from the shore without the losse of a man yet were they in all one hundred and fiftie yet their deliuerance was not more strange in falling so happily vpon the land as their feeding and preseruation was beyond their hopes for you haue heard it hath beene to the Spaniards more fearefull then an Vtopian Purgatory and to all Sea-men no lesse terrible then an inchanted den of Furies and Deuils the most dangerous vnfortunate and forlorne place in the world and they found it the richest healthfullest and pleasantest they euer saw as is formerly said Being thus safe on shore they disposed themselues to search the Iles for food and water others to get a shore what they could from the ship not long Sir George wandred but found such a fishing that in halfe an houre with a hooke and line he tooke so many as sufficed the whole company in some places they were so thicke in the Coues and so great they durst not goe in left they should bite them and these rocke fish are so great two will load a man and fatter nor better fish cannot be Mr. Shelly found a Bay neere a quarter of a mile ouer so full of Mullets as none of them before had euer seene or heard of the like the next day seeking to kill them with fis-gigs they stracke so many the water in many places was red with bloud yet caught not one but with a net they caught so many as they could draw a shore with infinite number of Pilchards and diuers other sorts great craw-fishes in a night by making a fire they haue taken in great quantity Sir George had twice his hooke and line broke out of his hand but the third time he made it so strong he caught the same fish which had pulled him into the Sea had not his men got hold of him whereby he had his three hookes againe were found in her belly At their first hunting for hogs they found such abundance they killed 32 and this hunting fishing was appointed to Captaine Robert Walsingham and Mr. Henry Shelly for the company in general they report they killed at least 500. besides Pigs and many that were killed by diuers others for the birds in their seasons the facility to make their cabens of Palmera leaues caused many of them vtterly forget or desire euer to returne from thence they liued in such plenty peace and ease But let vs remember how the Knights began to resolue in those desperat affaires many proiects they had but at last it was concluded to decke their long boat with their ship hatches which done with all expedition they sent Master Rauen a very sufficient Mariner with eight more in her to Virginia to haue shipping from thence to fetch them away three weekes or a moneth they expected her returne but to this day she was neuer more heard of all this time was spent in searching the Iles now although God still fed them with this abundance of plenty yet such was the malice of enuy or ambition for all this good seruice done by Sommers such a great difference fell amongst their Commanders that they liued asunder in this distresse rather as meere strangers then distressed friends but necessity so commanded patience had the victory Two ships at this time by those seuerall parties were a building in the meane time two children were borne the Boy was called Bermudas the Girle Bermuda and amongst all those sorrowes they had a merry English mariage the forme of those Iles you may see at large in the Map of Mr. Norwood where you may plainly see no place knowne hath better walls nor a broader ditch But hauing finished and rigged their two new Cedar ships with such prouisions they saued from the Sea-aduenturer they left amongst the Rocks they called the one the Patience the other the Deliuerance they vsed Lime and Oile as May did for Pitch and Tar. Sir George Summers had in his Barke no Iron at all but one bolt in her Keele now hauing made their prouisions of victuall and all things ready they set saile the tenth of May 1610. onely leauing two men behinde them called Christopher Carter and Edward Waters that for their offences or the suspition they had of their iudgements fled into the woods and there rather desired to end their daies then stand to their trials and the euent of Iustice for one of their consorts was shot to death and Waters being tied to a tree also to be executed had by chance a Knife about him and so secretly cut the Rope he ran into the woods where they could not finde him There were two Saluages also sent from Virginia by Captain Smith the one called Namuntack the other Matchumps but some such differences fell betweene them that Matchumps slew Namuntack and hauing made a hole to bury him because it was too short he cut of his legs and laid them by him which murder he concealed till he was in Virginia The foure and twentieth of the same moneth they arriued in Virginia at Iames towne where they found but threescore persons as you may reade at large in the History of Virginia of the fiue hundred left by Captaine Smith also of the arriuall of the Lord Laware that met them thus bound for England returned them backe and vnderstanding what plenty there was of hogs and other good things in the Bermudas was desirous to send thither to supply his necessary occasions whereupon Sir George Summers the best acquainted with the place whose noble minde euer regarded a generall good more then his owne ends though aboue threescore yeeres of age and had meanes in England sutable to his ranke offered himselfe by Gods helpe to performe this dangerous voyage againe for the Bermudas which was kindly accepted so vpon the 19. of Iune he imbarked in his Cedar ship about the burthen of thirty tunnes and so set saile Much foule and crosse weather he had and was forced to the North parts of Virginia where refreshing himselfe vpon this vnknowne coast he could not bee diuerted from the search
so much wealth he knew would please them in England though it did displease all his Company and to lose such a prize he would not for hazarding a mutiny So first hee reuealed himselfe to Kendall in faire tearmes reprouing his dishonesty but not being answered according to his expectation he committed both Chard and him to person The next Sabboath day Dauis comming on shore More also taxed with very hard language and many threats to lay him fast also if he mended not his manners Dauis for the present replied little but went with him to the place of praier but in the midst of diuine seruice he goeth away commanding all his Sea-men to follow him presently aboord where he encourageth them to stand to him like men and hee would free the Prisoners haue all the Amber-greece for themselues and so be gone The Gouernor hearing of this resolution prepares with his company to repulse force with force so that a generall expectance of a ciuill vnciuill warre possessed euery man but this threatning gust passed ouer more calmlier then was expected for Dauis hauing better aduised with himselfe repenâ—ed his rashnesse and desired a reconcilement with the Gouernor Peace thus concluded Kendall was set at libertie but Chard was condemned and vpon the ladder to be hanged for his obstinacy yet vpon better consideration More repriued him but kept him a prisoner all the time he staied in the Country which was generally thought a very bad reward for his great desert and that there was more of this Amber-greece imbeziled then would haue contented all the finders that neuer had any consideration at all The greatest part though More thus recouered yet Dauis and Kendall had so much either by the ignorance or conniuency of the Gouernors that arriuing in England they prepared themselues for a new voiage at last they two falling out the Company hauing notice thereof so tormented them both they gaue ouer their voiage and durst not be seene a long time after The Gouernor thus rid of the ship and those discontents remoued his seat from Smiths I le to Saint Georges after he had fitted vp some small Cabbens of Palmata leaues for his wife and family in that valley where now stands their prime towne called S. Georges hee began to apply himselfe to fortifie the Countrey and training his men in the exercise of armes For although he was but a Carpenter he was an excellent Artist a good Gunner very witty and industrious he built and laid the foundation of eight or nine Forts called the Kings Castle Charles Fort Pembrookes Fort Smiths Fort Pagits Fort Gates Fort Warwicks Castle Saint Katharines Fort c. mounting in them all the Ordnance he had preparing the ground to build Houses plant Corne and such Fruits as they had Being thus busied and as the necessitie of the time required keeping his men somewhat hard at worke Master Keath his Minister were it by the secret prouocation of some drones that grew weary of their taskes or his affection to popularity is not certaine But he begins to tax the Gouernor in the Pulpit hee did grinde the faces of the poore oppressing his Christian brethren with Pharoab taxes More finding this in short time might breed ill bloud called the Company together and also the Minister vrging them plainly to tell him wherein he had deserued those hard accusations whereupon with an vniuersall cry they affirmed the contrary so that Keath downe of his knees to aske him forgiuenesse But Master More kindly tooke him vp willing him to kneele to God and hereafter be more modest and charitable in his speeches notwithstanding two other discontents so vpbraided More with that doctrine and stood to maintaine it he impaneled a Iury with a great deale of seeming much adoe he would hang them being condemned one of them with the very feare fell into a dead Palsie so that the other was set at libertie and proued after a very good labourer Many conclusions he tried about the Sea-venture the wracke of Sir George Somers but he got onely for his paines but two peece of Ordnance Hauing framed a Church of timber it was blowne downe by a tempest so that he built another in a more closer place with Palmeta leaues Before this yeere was expired the aduenterers sent them an aduiso with thirtie Passengers and good prouisions to prepare with all expedition for their defence against the Spaniard whom they vnderstood ere long would visit them This occasioned him to keepe all his men together in that I le so hard at worke that wanting libertie to goe abroad for food liuing onely on that they had and expected daily to receiue from England they were so ouer-toiled many fell sicke but none died Very earnest this ship was to haue all the Amber-greece which M. More perceiuing was the chiefest cause of their comming and that it was the onely loadstone to draw from England still more supplies for all the expresse command sent from the Company he returned this ship but with the one third part so from thence she went to Virginia and not long after arriued safely in England But before her returne the Company sent the Martha with sixtie Passengers more they arriued in Iune with one Master Bartlet to suruey the Iland and the estate of the Colonie with expresse command for all the Amber-greece but More perceiuing him not as he would haue him and that the Company began to mistrust him would send no more but another third part wherewith they returned leauing a French-man to make triall of the Mulberies for Silke but he did not bring any thing to perfection excusing himselfe they were not the right Mulberies he expected About this time they were in hope of a small crop of Tobacco but it was most spoiled for want of knowledge to vse it Now in England Master More became amongst the Merchants maruelous distastfull for the detaining so long the Amber-greece which delaies they so much abhorred they forthwith dispatched the Elizabeth the second time and forty Passengers much rebuking More for so long detaining the Amber-greece for the which hauing now no more colourable excuses he deliuered it wherewith the ship went to Virginia thence home In this ship was brought the first Potato roots which flourished exceedingly for a time till by negligence they were almost lost all but two cast-away roots that so wonderfully haue increased they are a maine releefe to all the Inhabitants This ship was not long gone but there came two Spanish ships founding with their Boat which attempted to come in but from the Kings Castle Master More made but two shot which caused them presently depart Marke here the handy worke of the diuine prouidence for they had but three quarters of a barrell of powder and but one shot more and the powder by carelesnesse was tumbled downe vnder the mussels of the two peeces were discharged yet not touched with fire when they were
discharged This feare thus past appeares another much worse which was the extremity of famine in this extemity God sent Captaine Daniel Elfrid with a caruell of meale which a little relieued them but brought withall so many Rats that within two yeeres after neere ruined all now though Elfrid had deceiued his friend Fisher of this Caruell in the West Indies they reuenged Fishers iniury for Elfrid had his passage for England and they made vse of all he had Some two moneths after came in the Blessing with an hundred Passengers and two daies after the Starre with a hundred and foure score more amongst which were many Gentlemen as Master Lower for Marshall Master Barret Master Felgate and diuers others but very vnproper for what they vndertooke Within foureteene daies after came in the Margaret and two Frygats and in them one hundred and threescore Passengers also Master Bartlet came now expresly to diuide the Country into Tribes and the Tribes into shares But Master More finding no mention made of any part for himselfe nor all them with him as he was promised in England by no meanes would admit of any diuision nor suffer his men from finishing their fortifications which was so necessary it was his maine ambition to see that accomplished but such vnkindnesse grew betwixt this Master Bartlet and the Gouernour that the rude multitude with all the disdaine they could deuise caused Bartlet returne for England as he came About this time William Millington was drawne into the Sea by a fish but neuer after euer seene The neglect of this diuision was very hardly conceited in England so that Master More grew more and more in dislike with the company notwithstanding he followed the building of these Forts so earnestly neglecting planting of Corne till their store was neere all consumed whereby they became so feeble and weake some would not others could not goe abroad to seeke releefe but statued in their houses and many that went abroad through weaknesse were subiect to be suddenly surprized with a disease called the Feauges which was neither paine nor sicknesse but as it were the highest degree of weaknesse depriuing them of power and ability from the execution of any bodily exercises whether it were working walking or what else being thus taken if any presently gaue them food many times they straight recouered yet some after a little rest would bee able to walke but if they found not present succour died About this time or immediatly before came in a company of Rauens which continued amongst them all the time of this mortality and then departed which for any thing knowne neither before nor since were euer seene or heard of this with diuers other reasons caused Master More to goe out to Sea to see if he could discouer any other Ilands but he went not farre ere ill weather forced him backe and it were a noble aduenture of him would vndertake to make more perfect all the dangers are about the Summer Iles. Thus famine and misery caused Gouernour More leaue all his workes and send them abroad to get what they could one hundred and fifty of the most weake and sicke he sent to Coupers I le where were such infinite numbers of the Birds called Cahowes which were so fearelesse they might take so many as they would and that admired abundance of fish that the extremity of their hunger and their gluttony was such those heauenly blessings they so consumed and wasted by carelesâ—â—sse and surfetting many of them died vpon those silly Birds that offered themselues to the slaughter which the Gouernour vnderstanding caused them for change of aire to be remoued to Port-royall and a Company of Fishers with a Boat to releeue them with fish but the Gange grew so lazie the poore weaklings still died they that remained killed the Cattle they found in the I le faining the heat caused them to runne into the Sea and so were drowned so that the Gouernour sent againe for them home but some obtained leaue still to liue abroad one amongst the rest hid himselfe in the Woods and liued onely on Wilkes and land Crabs sat and lusty many moneths but most of them being at Saint Georges ordinarily was taken one hundred and fifty or two hundred great fishes daily for their food for want of hookes and lines the Smith made hookes of old swords and lines of old ropes but finding all those poore Engines also decay they sent one of the two Frigats last left with them for England to tell them of this misery All which was now attributed to Master Mores peruersnesse who at first when he got the Amber-Greece had not such a generall applause but now all the worst could possibly be suggested was too good for him yet not knowing for the present how to send a better they let him continue still though his time was neere expired and with all speed sent the Welcome fraught with prouision where shee well arriued and proued her selfe as welcome in deed as in name for all those extremities Master Lewes Hues writeth not one of all those threescore that first beganne this Plantation was dead which shewes it was not impossible but industry might haue preuented a great part of the others sluggish carelesnesse This ship much refreshed this miserable Colony but Master More seeing they sent not for him his time being now expired vnderstanding how badly they reputed him in England and that his imploiment now was more for their owne ends then any good for himselfe resolued directly to returne with this ship Hauing setled all things in the best order he could left the gouernment to the charge of the counsell of six to succeed each other monethly till they had further directions from England whose names were Captaine Miles Kendall Captaine Iohn Mansfield Thomas Knight Charles Caldycot Edward Waters and Christopher Carter with twelue others for their assistances More thus taking leaue of those Ilands arriued in England much wrangling they had but at last they confirmed him according to promise eight shares of Land and so he was dismissed of his charge with shew of fauour and much friendship The rule of the six Gouernors THE first thing they did was casting of lots who should rule first which lot lighted vpon Master Caldicot This last supply somewhat abated the extremitie of their miseries and the better in that their fortifications being finished they had the more leasure to goe abroad with that meanes was brought to that purpose to fish Chard as you haue heard whom all this while More had kept Prisoner they set at libertie now by reason of their former miseries little or nothing could be done yet this Gouernor hauing thus concluded his moneth and prepared a Frigot and two and thirtie men hee imbarked himselfe with two other of his fellow counsellers namely Knight and Waters for the West-Indies to get Fruits and Plants Goats young Cattle and such like But this poore vessell whether
he desired returned for Virginia Aprill and May were spent in building a strong new Prison and perfecting some of the Fortifications and by the labour of twenty men in fourteene daies was got from the Spanish wracke foure excellent good Sacres and mounted them at the Forts Then began the generall Assize where not fewer then fifty ciuill or rather vnciuill actions were handled and twenty criminall prisoners brought to the bar such a multitude of such vild people were sent to this Plantation that he thought himselfe happy his time was so neere expired three of the foulest acts were these the first for the rape of a married woman which was acquitted by a senselesse Iury the second for buggering a Sow and the third for Sodomy with a boy for which they were hanged during the time of the imprisonment of this Buggerer of the Sow a Dung-hill Cocke belonging to the same man did continually haunt a Pigge of his also and to the wonder of all them that saw it who were many did so frequently tread the Pigge as if it had beene one of his Hens that the Pigge languished and died within a while after and then the Cocke resorted to the very same Sow that this fellow was accused for in the very same manner and as an addition to all this about the same time two Chickens were hatched the one whereof had two heads the other crowed very loud and lustily within twelue houres after it was out of the shell A desperate fellow being to bee arraigned for stealing a Turky rather then he would endure his triall secretly conueighed himselfe to Sea in a little Boat and neuer since was euer heard of nor is he euer like to be without an exceeding wonder little lesse then a miracle In Iune they made another triall about the Spanish wracke and recouered another Sacre and a Murderer also he caused to be hewed out of the maine Rocke a paire of large staires for the conuenient landing of goods and passengers a worke much to the beauty and benefit of the towne With twenty chosen men and two excellent Divers the Gouernour went himselfe to the wracke Warwick but they could recouer but one Murderer from thence he went to the Sea-aduenture the wracke of Sir George Summers the hull though two or three fathomes in the water they found vnperished and with much a doe weighed a Sacre her sheat Anchor diuers barres of Iron and pigs of Lead which stood the Plantation in very great stead Towards the end of Iuly he went to seeke for a wracke they reported lay vnder water with her hatches spiked vp but they could not finde her but from the Spanish wracke lay there by they weighed three faire Sacres more and so returned through the Tribes to Saint Georges some were also imployed to seeke out beds of Oisters for Pearle some they found some seed Pearle they got but out of one little shell aboue all the rest they got about 120. small Pearle but somewhat defectiue in their colour The time of Captain Butlers gouernment drawing neere an end the Colony presented vnto him diuers grieuances to intreat him to remember to the Lords and Company in England at his returne also they appointed two to be ioyned with him with letters of credence to solicit in their behalfe those grieuances following First they were defrauded of the food of their soules for being not fewer then one thousand and fiue hundred people dispersed in length twenty miles they had at that present but one Minister nor neuer had but two and they so shortned of their promises that but onely for meere pity they would haue forsaken them Secondly neglected in the safety of their liues by wants of all sorts of munition Thirdly they had beene censured contrary to his Maiesties Lawes and not allowed them the benefit of their booke as they are in England but by Captaine Butler Fourthly they were frustrated of many of their couenants and most extremely pinched and vndone by the extortion of the Magazine for although their Tobacco was stinted but at two shillings sixpence the pound yet they pitched their commodities at what rate they pleased Fifthly their fatherlesse children are left in little better condition then slaues for if their Parents die in debt their children are made as bondmen till the debt be discharged these things being perfected there grew a great question of one Heriot for plotting of factions and abusing the Gouernour for which he was condemned to lose his eares yet he was vsed so fauourably he lost but the part of one in all By this time it being growne past the wonted season of the comming in of ships from England after a generall longing and expectation especially of the Gouernour whose Commission being neere vpon expiration gaue him cause to wish for a meane of deliuerance from so troublesome and thanklesse an imploiment as he had hitherto found it a saile is discouered and long it was not before shee arriued in the Kings Castle-Harbour this Barke was set out by two or three priuate men of the Company and hauing landed her supplies was to goe for Virginia by her the Gouernour receiued certaine aduertisements of the carriage and behauiour of the Spaniards which he had reliued as you haue heard the yeere before that quite contrary both to his merit their vow and his owne expectation they made clamours against him the which being seconded by the Spanish Ambassadour caused the State to fall in examination about it whereupon hauing fully cleared their ingratefulnesse and impudency and being assured of the choice of a successor that was to be expected within fiue or six weekes hee was desirous to take the opportunity of this Barke and to visit the Colony in Virginia in his returne for England leauing the gouernment to Captaine Felgat Captaine Stokes Master Lewis Hewes Master Nedom and Master Ginner but now his time being fully expired and the fortifications finished viz. The Kings Castle wherein were mounted vpon sufficient Platformes sixteene peece of Ordnances In Charles Fort two In Southampton Fort fiue betwixt which and the Castle passeth the Chanell into the Harbour secured by three and twenty peeces of good artillery to play vpon it In Cowpers Ile is Pembrocks Fort where is two Peeces The Chanell of Saint George is guarded by Smiths Fort and Pagits Fort in which is eleuen peece of Ordnance Saint George towne is halfe a league within the Harbour commanded by Warwicks Fort where are three great Peeces and on the Wharfe before the Gouernours house eight more besides the warning Peece by the mount and three in Saint Katharines so that in all there are ten Fortresses and two and fifty peeces of Ordnance sufficient and seruiceable their formes and situations you may see more plainlier described in the Map and to defend those he left one thousand fiue hundred persons with neere a hundred boats and the I le well replenished with store of such fruits prouisions
to end and die a most miserable death For Affrica had not the industrious Portugals ranged her vnknowne parts who would haue sought for wealth amongst those fried Regions of blacke brutish Negars where notwithstanding all their wealth and admirable aduentures and endeuours more then one hundred and fortie yeeres they know not one third part of those blacke habitations But it is not a worke for euery one to manage such an affaire as make a discouery and plant a Colony it requires all the best parts of art iudgement courage honesty constancy diligence and industry to doe but neere well some are more proper for one thing then another and therein best to be imploied and nothing breeds more confusion then misplacing and misimploying men in their vndertakings Columbus Courtes Pitzara Zoto Magilanus and the rest serued more then a Prentiship to learne how to begin their most memorable attempts in the West-Indies which to the wonder of all ages successefully they effected when many hundreds of others farre aboue them in the worlds opinion being instructed but by relation came to shame and confusion in actions of small moment who doubtlesse in other matters were both wise discreet generous and couragious I say not this to detract any thing from their incomparable merits but to answer those questionlesse questions that keepe vs backe from imitating the worthinesse of their braue spirits that aduanced themselues from poore Souldiers to great Captaines their posterity to great Lords their King to be one of the greatest Potentates on earth and the fruits of their labours his greatest power glory and renowne The Description of New England THat part we call New England is betwixt the degrees of fortie one and fortie fiue the very meane betwixt the North pole and the line but that part this Discourse speaketh of stretcheth but from Penobscot to Câ—pe Cod some seuentie fiue leagues by a right line distant each from other within which bounds I haue seene at least fortie seuerall habitations vpon the Sea Coast and sounded about fiue and twentie excellent good Harbours in many whereof there is anchorage for fiue hundred saile of ships of any burden in some of them for one thousand and more then two hundred Iles ouer-growne with good Timber of diuers sorts of wood which doe make so many Harbours as required a longer time then I had to be well obserued The principall habitation Northward we were at was Pennobscot Southward along the Coast and vp the Riuers we found Mecadacut Segocket Pemaquid Nuscoucus Sagadahock Aumoughcowgen and Kenebeke and to those Countries belong the people of Segotago Paghhuntanuck Pocopassum Taughtanakagnet Warbigganus Nassaque Masherosqueck Wawrigweck Mosâ—oquen Wakcogo Pasharanack c. To these are alied in confederacy the Countries of Ancocisco Accomynticus Passataquack Aggawom and Naemkeck All these for any thing I could perceiue differ little in language fashion or gouernment though most of them be Lords of themselues yet they hold the Bashabes of Penobscot the chiefe and greatest amongst them The next I can remember by name are Mattahunts two pleasant Iles of Groues Gardens and Corne fields a league in the Sea from the maine Then Totant Massachuset Topent Secassaw Totheet Nasnocomacack Accomack Chawum Patuxet Massasoyts Pakanokick then Cape Cod by which is Pawmet and the I le Nawset of the language and aliance of them of Chawum the others are called Massachusets and differ somewhat in language custome and condition for their Trade and Merchandize to each of their principall families or habitations they haue diuers Townes and people belonging and by their relations and descriptions more then twentie seuerall habitations and riuers that stretch themselues farre into the Countrey euen to the Borders of diuers great Lakes where they kill and take most of their Otters from Pennobscot to Sagadaboc This Coast is mountainous and Iles of huge Rockes but ouer-growne for most part with most sorts of excellent good woods for building Houses Boats Barks or Ships with an incredible abundance of most sorts of Fish much Fowle and sundry sorts of good Fruits for mans vse Betwixt Sagadahock Sowocatuck there is but two or three Sandy Bayes but betwixt that and Cape Iames very many especially the Coast of the Massachusets is so indifferently mixed with high Clay or Sandy clifts in one place and the tracts of large long ledges of diuers sorts and Quaries of stones in other places so strangely diuided with tinctured veines of diuers colours as Free-stone for building Slate for tyling smooth stone to make Furnasses and Forges for Glasse and Iron and Iron Ore sufficient conueniently to melt in them but the most part so resembleth the Coast of Deuonshire I thinke most of the clifts would make such Lime-stone if they bee not of these qualities they are so like they may deceiue a better iudgement then mine all which are so neere adioyning to those other aduantages I obserued in these parts that if the Ore proue as good Iron and Steele in those parts as I know it is within the bounds of the Countrey I dare ingage my head hauing but men skilfull to worke the Simples there growing to haue all things belonging to the building and rigging of ships of any proportion and good Merchandise for their fraught within a square of ten or foureteene leagues and it were no hard matter to proue it within a lesse limitation And surely by reason of those sandy clifts and clifts of rocks both which we saw so planted with Gardens and Corne fields and so well inhabited with a goodly strong and well proportioned people besides the greatnesse of the Timber growing on them the greatnesse of the Fish and the moderate temper of the aire for of fiue and forty not a man was sicke but two that were many yeares diseased before they went notwithstanding our bad lodging and accidentall diet who can but approue this a most excellent place both for health and fertilitie and of all the foure parts of the world I haue yet seene not inhabited could I haue but means to transport a Colony I would rather liue here then any where and if it did not maintaine it selfe were we but once indifferently well fitted let vs starue The maine staple from hence to bee extracted for the present to produce the rest is Fish which howbeit may seeme a meane and a base Commoditie yet who will but truly take the paines and consider the sequell I thinke will allow it well worth the labour It is strange to see what great aduentures the hopes of setting forth men of warre to rob the industrious innocent would procure or such massie promises in grosse though more are choaked then well fed with such hastie hopes But who doth not know that the poore Hollanders chiefely by fishing at a great charge and labour in all weathers in the open Sea are made a people so hardy and industrious and by the venting this poore Commoditie to the Easterlings for as
would long ere this haue troubled their neighbours or haue eaten the pride of Spaine it selfe Now hee knowes little that knowes not England may well spare many more people then Spaine and is as well able to furnish them with all manner of necessaries and seeing for all they haue they cease not still to search for that they haue not and know not it is strange we should be so dull as not maintaine that which we haue and pursue that we know Surely I am sure many would take it ill to be abridged of the titles and honors of their predecessorâ— when if but truly they would iudge themselues looke how inferior they are to their Noble Vertues so much they are vnworthy of their honors and liuings which neuer were ordained for shewes and shadowes to maintaine idlenesse and vice but to make them more able to abound in honor by Heroicall deeds of action iudgement pietie and vertue What was it both in their purse and person they would not doe for the good of their Common-wealth which might moue them presently to set out their spare children in these generous designes Religion aboue all things should moue vs especially the Clergie if we are religious to shew our faith by our works in conuerting those poore Saluages to the knowledge of God seeing what paines the Spaniards takes to bring them to their adultered faith Honor might moue the Gentry the valiant and industrious and the hope and assurance of wealth all if we were that we would seeme and be accounted or be we so farre inferior to other Nations or our spirits so farre deiected from our ancient predecessors or our mindes so vpon spoile piracy and such villany as to serue the Portugall Spaniard Dutch French or Turke as to the cost of Europe too many doe rather then our God our King our Country and our selues excusing our idlenesse and our base complaints by want of imploiment when here is such choice of all sorts and for all degrees in the planting and discouering these North parts of America My second voyage to New England IN the yeere of our Lord 1615. I was imploied by many my friends of London and Sir Ferdinando Gorges a noble Knight and a great fauourer of those actions who perswaded the reuerend Deane of Exeter Doctor Sutliffe and diuers Merchants of the West to entertaine this Plantation Much labour I had taken to bring the Londoners and them to ioyne together because the Londoners haue most Money and the Westerne men are most proper for fishing and it is neere as much trouble but much more danger to faile from London to Plimoth then from Plimoth to New England so that halfe the voiage would thus be saued yet by no meanes I could preuaile so desirous they were both to be Lords of this fishing Now to make my words more apparant by my deeds to begin a Plantation for a more ample triall of those conclusions I was to haue staied there but with sixteene men whose names were Tho. Dirmer Gent. Iohn Gosling Sould. Thomas Digby Walter Chisell were to learne to be Sailers Edw. Stallings William Ingram Daniel Baker Robert Miller Daniel Cage Dauid Cooper Adam Smith And two Boyes Francis Abbot Iohn Partridge Tho. Watson I confesse I could haue wished them as many thousands had all other prouisions beene in like proportion nor would I haue had so few could I haue had means for more yet would God haue pleased we had safely arriued I doubted not but to haue performed more then I promised and that many thousands ere this would haue bin there ere now The maine assistance next God I had to this small number was my acquaintance amongst the Saluages especially with Dohoday one of their greatest Lords who had liued long in England and another called Tantum I caried with mee from England and set on shore at Cape Cod by the meanes of this proud Saluage I did not doubt but quickly to haue got that credit amongst the rest of the Saluages and their alliance to haue had as many of them as I desired in any designe I intended and that trade also they had by such a kinde of exchange of their Countrey Commodities which both with ease and securitie might then haue beene vsed with him and diuers others I had concluded to inhabit and defend them against the Tarentines with a better power then the French did them whose tyrannie did inforce them to embrace my offer with no small deuotion and though many may think me more bold then wise in regard of their power dexteritie treachery and inconstancy hauing so desperately assaulted and betraied many others I say but this because with so many I haue many times done much more in Virginia then I intended here when I wanted that experience Virginia taught mee that to me it seemes no more danger then ordinary and though I know my selfe the meanest of many thousands whose apprehensiue inspection can pierce beyond the bounds of my abilities into the hidden things of Nature Art and Reason yet I intreat such giue mee leaue to excuse my selfe of so much imbecillitie as to say that in these eighteene yeeres which I haue beene conuersant with these affaires I haue not learned there is a great difference betwixt the directions and iudgement of experimentall knowledge and the superficiall coniecture of variable relation wherein rumour humour or misprision haue such power that oft times one is enough to beguile twentie but twentie not sufficient to keepe one from being deceiued Therefore I know no reason but to beleeue my owne eies before any mans imagination that is but wrested from the conceits of my owne proiects and endeuours but I honor with all affection the counsell and instructions of iudiciall directions or any other honest aduertisement so farre to obserue as they tie me not to the crueltie of vnknowne euents These are the inducements that thus drew me to me to neglect all other imploiments and spend my time and best abilities in these aduentures wherein though I haue had many discouragements by the ingratitude of some the malicious slanders of others the falsenesse of friends the treachery of cowards and slownesse of Aduenturers Now you are to remember as I returned first from New England at Plimoth I was promised foure good ships ready prepared to my hand the next Christmas and what conditions and content I would desire to put this businesse in practise and arriuing at London foure more were offered me with the like courtesie But to ioyne the Londoners them in one was most impossible so that Ianuary with two hundred pound in Chash for aduenture and six Gentlemen well furnished I went from London to the foure ships were promised me at Plimoth but I found no such matter and the most of those that had made such great promises by the bad returne of the ship went for Gold and their priuate emulations were extinct and qualified Notwithstanding at last with
those errors I haue committed if God please I liue my care and paines shall endeuour to be thankfull if I die accept my good will If any desire to be further satisfied what defect is found in this they shall finde supplied in me that thus freely haue throwne my selfe with my mite into the Treasury of my Countries good not doubting but God will stirre vp some noble spirits to consider and examine if worthy Columbus could giue the Spaniards any such certainties for his designe when Queene Isabel of Spaine set him forth with 15. saile and though I promise no Mines of gold yet the warlike Hollanders let vs imitate but not hate whose wealth and strength are good testimonies of their treasury gotten by fishing and New-England hath yeelded already by generall computation one hundred thousand pounds at the least Therefore honourable and worthy Country men let not the meannesse of the word fish distaste you for it will afford as good gold as the Mines of Guiana or Potâ—ssie with lesse hazard and charge and more certainty and facility I. S. I. S. FINIS Errata PAg. 1. line 7. for Quineth reade Guineth pag. 153. li. 5. reade from the company and li. 20. for 25000. pounds reade 2500. pounds pag. 164. li. 53. for 1500. men reade 150. men pag. 168. li. 11. for Goston reade Gofton and Coranto Quowarranto and li. 13 reade before the Iudges in Westminster hall for the Lords of his Maiesties Priuy Counsell There are many other errors which being but small I intreat the courteous reader to correct as he findeth them * Coelum non attimum mutant a These are said a thousaÌ„d yeares agoe to haue beene in the North parts of America b He is said to discover the Pole 1360. c Madoc ap Owâ—n Planted some remote Western parts 1170. d America named of Americus Vesputius which discovered les then Colon or S ir Sâ—bastian Cabot and the Continent later ColoÌ„ first found the Isles 1492. the Continenâ— 1498. Aboue a yeare after Cabot had don it He was set forth by Henry 7 and after by Hen. 8. Kniâ—hted and made grand Pilot of EnglaÌ„d by Ed. 6 Vnder whoÌ„ he procured the sending of S ir Hugh Willoughby discovery of Greenland and Russia having by himself discovered on America froÌ„ 67 North lat to neere â—o South * Virginia now inhabited and New-England Their arrivall â—â—pundance â—f Gâ—apes The I le of Wâ—kokon In Lybanus are not many Conference with a Salvage The Arriuall of the Kings brother Trade with the Salvages Note The Ile Roanoak The great courtesie of a Woman A banquet Skicoac a great towne Pomovik How the Country was called Virginia Sir Richard Grenvils voyage 1585. Their first Plantation Chawonock Chawonock 700. men Menatonon his Relations of the I le of Pearle and a rich Mine the Sea by it Pemissapan his trechery The discouery of the riuer Moratâ—c A noble resolution The strange Mine of Chaunis Temoatan The great currant of the river Moratâ—â— The Conspiracy of Pemissapan The death of a most rare Salvage A slaughter of two Salvages Pemissapan slaine and â— others A most generous courtesie of Sir Francis Drake Virginia abandoned CoÌ„modities Dyes A strange Salt Rootes Fruits that 's strange Beasts extraordinary Fish Foules Their Religion How the world was made How man was made How they vse their gods Whether they goe after death Two men risen from death The subtiltie of their Priests Their simplicitie Their desire of salvation A wonderfull Accident Their strange opinions Calling Sir Richard Grenvill left fiftie â—en Master White his Voyages 1687. One of the Councell slaine How the fiftie men were slainâ— An ill misprision A child borne in Virginia A controversie who to send for Factor to England Master White his returne to Virginia Captaine Spicer and seauen others drowned They finde where they had buryed their provisions The end of this Plantation 12. yeares it lay dead Their first landing Martha's Vineyard Elizabeths Island A ' Copper Mine Their return Dangerous shoules Cod and Whales Their first landing Pentecost harbour The Captains diligence Trade with the Salvages Their trechery Fiue Salvages surprised A description of the river The latitude The temperature The windes The entrances Cape Henry Cape Charles The Country The mountaines The soyle The valleyes Plaines The river Powhatan The branches Iames Towne The severall Inhabitants R. Pamavnkee The inhabitants Payankatank R. Toppahanock R. The inhabitants Patawomek R. The inhabitants Pawtuxunt R. Bolus R. The head of the Bay Sasquesahanock The description of a Sasquesahanough Tockwhogh R. Rapahanock R. Kuskarawaock R. Wighcocomoco R. Accomack R. Chawonock The severall languages Why there is little grasse Woods with their fruits Elme Walnuts Supposed Cypres Mulberries Chesnuts Cherries Vines Chechinquamins Rawcomens How they vse their fruits Walnut mille Gummes Cedats Saxafiastrees Berries Matoum Strawberries Hearbes Rootes Wigâ—sacan a roote Pocones a small roote Musquaspen a roote Pellitory Sasafrage Onyons Their chiefe beasts are Deere Aroughcun Squirrels Assapanick a Squirrel flying Opassom Mussascus Beares The Beaver Otters VtchuÌ„quoyes Foxes-Dogges Martins Polcats Weesels and Minkes Birds Fish The rockes How they divide the yeare How they prepare the ground How they plant How they vse their Corne. How they vse their fish and flesh Planted fruits A proofe cattell will liue well The Commodities The numbeâ—â— Seaven hundred men were the most were seene together when they thought to haue surprised Captaine Smith A description of the people The Barbers The constitution The disposition The possessions Their attire Their ornaments Their buildings Their lodgings Their gardens How they vse their children The industrie of their women How they strike fire The order of dyet How they make their bowâ—s and arrowes Their kniues Their Targets and Swords Their Boats How they spin Their fish-hookes How they hunt One Salvage hunting alone Their Consultations Their enemies Massawomekes Their offer of subiection Their manner of Battell Their Musicke Their entertainement Their trade Their Phisicke Their Chirurgery Their charms to cure Their God How they bury their Kings Their ordinary burials Their Temples Their ornaments for their Priests The times of solemnitieâ— Their coniurations Their Altars Sacrifices to the water Their solemn Sacrifices of children which they call Black-boyes Those Black-boyes are made so mad with a kind of drinke that they will doâ— any mischiefe at the command of their Keepers Their resurrection A description of Powhatan His attendaÌ„ce and watch His treasury His wiues His successors Their authoritie The tenor of their lands His manner of punishments â— 46. S ir Thomas Smith Treasurer The first mover of the action Orders for government Monica an vnfrequented Isle full of Birds Their first landing Matters of government The discovery of the Falles Powhatan The Fort assaulted by the Salvages Captain Newports returne for England S ir Thomas Smith Treasurer The occasion of sicknesse The Sailers abuses A bad President Plentie vnexpected The building of Iames Towne The beginning of Trade
abroad Amoris a Salvage his best friend slaine for loving vs. The Discovery of Chickahamine Another proiect to abandon the country * Iehu Robinson and Thomas Emry slaine Captaine Smith taken prisoner The order they observed in then trivmph How he should haue beene slaine at Orapacks How he saued Iames towne from being surprised How they did Coniure him at Pamavnkee How Powhatan entertained him How Pocahontas saved his life How Powhatan sent him to Iames Towne The third proiect to abandon the Countrey A true proofe of Gods loue to the action Of two evils the lesse was chosen The Phoenix from Cape Henry forced to the West Indies Their opinion of our God Smith revisiting Bowhatan Powhatan his entertainement The exchaÌ„ge of a Christian for a Salvage Powhatant speech Differences of opinions Iames towne burnt A ship I dely loytering 14. weekes The effect of meere Verbalists A needlesse charge A returnâ— to England The rebuilding Iames Towne Sixtie appointed to discover the Monacans An ill example to sell swords to Salvages The Presidents weaknesse Smiths attempt to suppresse the Salvages insolencies Powhatans excuse A ship fraught with Cedar S ir Thomas Smith Treasurer A strange mortalitie of Salvages Russels Isles Wighcocomoco An extreame want of fresh water Their Barge neare sunke in a gust Cuskarawaock The first notice oâ— the Massawomeks Bolus Riuer Smithâ— speech to his souldiers The discouery of Patawomek Ambuscadoes of Salvages A trecherous proiect A myne like Antimony An aboundant plenty of fish How to deale with the Salvages Captaine Smith neare killed with a Stingray The Salvages affrighted with their owne suspition Needlesse misery at Iames towne The Salvages admire fire-workes An Incounter with the Massawomeks at the head of the Bay An Incounter with the Tockwhoghs Hatchets from the Sasquesahanocks The Sasquesahanocks offer to the English Pawtuxunt R. Rapahanock R. The exceeding loue of the Salvage Mosco Our fight with the Rapahanocks The Salvages disguised like bushes fight Our fight with the Manahaacks A Salvage shot and taken prisoner His relation of their countries * They cannot trauell but where the woods are burnt How we concluded peace with the foure kings of Monahoke How we became friends with the Rapahanocks The discovery of Payankatank A notable trechery of the Nandsamunds The fight with the Chisapeacks and Nandsamundâ— How they became friends The proceâ—ding at Iames Towne Powhatans scorne when his courtesie was most deserved No better way to overthrow the busines then by our instructors A consultation where all the Councell was against the President Capt. Smith goeth with 4. to Powhatan when Newport feared with 120. A Virginia Maske The Womens entertainement Captaine Smiths message Powhatans answer Powhatans Coronation The discovery of Monacan How the Salvages deluded Cap. Newport A punishment for swearing 3. Men better then 100. The Chickahamania's forced to contribution A bad reward for well-doing A good Taverne in Virginia A bad trade of the masters and saylers Master Scriveners voyage to Werowocomoco Nandsamund forced to contribution The first marriage in Virginia Apamatuck discovered The good counsell of Warraskoyack Plentie of victualls 148 Foules killed at three shootes Cap. Smiths discourse to Powhatan Powhatans reply and flattery Powhatan discourse of peace and warre Capt. Smiths Reply Powhatans importunity to haue vs vnarmed to betray vs. Cap. Smiths discourse to delay time till he found oportunity to surprise the King Powhatans plot to haue murdered Smith A chaine of pearle sent the Captaine for a present Pretending to kill our men loaded with baskets we caused them do it themselues Pocahontas bewrayes her fathers deceit to kill vs. The Dutch men deceiue Cap. Winne The Dutch men furnish the Saluages with Armes Smiths Speech to Opechancanough 700. Saluages beset the English being but 16. Smiths speech to his Company Smiths offer to Opechancanough Opecahncanoughs deuicâ— to betray Smith Smith taketh the King prisoner Smiths discourse to the Pamavnkees The Salvages dissemble their intent Their excuse and reconcilement The losse of Mr. Scrivener and others with a Skiff Master Wyffins desperate iourney Powhatan constraineth his men to be trecherous The third attempt to betray vs. A chayne of pearle sent to obtaine peace The President poysoned the offendâ—r punished The Salvages want and povertie The Dutch-men did much hurt An Apology for the first Planters The Presidents advice to the Company The Dutch-mens plot to murther Cap. Smith Smith taketh the King of Paspahegh prisoner Cap. Smith taketh two Salvages prisoners The Salvages desire Peace Okaning his Oration A Salvage smoothered at Iames towne and recovered Two or three Salvages slaine in drying Powder Great extremitie by Rats Bread made of dried Sturgeon Their desire to destroy themselues The Presidents order for the drones But seuen of 200 dyed in nine monethâ— The Salvages returne our fugitiues Master Sicklemores Iourney to Chawwonoke Master Powels iorney to the Mangoags The Dutch mens proiects Two Gentlemen sent to the Germans The first arriuall of Captaine Argall Note these inconveniences The alteratâ—on of the government S ir Thomas Smith Treasurer The losse of Virginia The Salvages offer to fight vnder our colours Mutinies The planting Nandsamund The breach of peace with the Salvages Powhatan bought for Copper Mutiniâ— Fiue suppresse an hundred and twentie Breach of peace with the Salvage at the Falleâ— An assalt by the Salvages The planting of Non-such The Salvages appeased Captaine Smith blowne vp with powder A bloudy intent The causes why Smith left the Countrey and his Commission The ends of the Dutch-men * Hindereâ—â— The planting Point Comfort The arriuall of Sir Thomas Gates Iames towne abandoned The arriuall of the Lord la Ware Sir George Sommers returne to the Bermudas The building Fort Henry and Fort Charles Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The Relation of the Lord la Ware 100. Kine and 200. Swine sent to Virginia Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The arriuall of Sir Thomas Dale His preparation to build a new towne Diuers mutinie suppressed The second arriuall of Sir Thomas Gates The building of Henrico The building the Bermudas Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Captaine Argals arriuall ☞ How Pocahontas was taken prisoner ☞ Seuen English returned from Powhatan prisoners Sir Thomas Dale his voyage to Pamavuke A man shot in the forehead Two of Powhatans sonnes come to see Pocahontas ☜ The mariage of Pocahontas to Master Iohn Rolfe Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The Chicahamanias desire friendship Articles of Peace The benefit of libertie in the planters William Spence the first Farmer in Virginia Captaine Argall voyage to Port Royall Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Master Hamars iourney to Powhatan His message to Powhatan Powhatans answer William Parker recouered From a letter of Sir Thomas Dale and Master Wâ—itakers Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer A Spanish Ship in Virginia Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer A digression The gouernment of Captaine Yeaâ—ley Twelue Saluages slaine twelue prisoners taken and peace concluded 〈◊〉 108 Eleuen men cast away A bad-presiders Pocahontas instructions A relation to Queene Anne of Pocahontas