to give him our Assistance that he may be the better enabled to perform it do promise that we will from time to time at spare hours both give our Advice for the carrying on of the Work and further since he offers to refer himself to us in divers of his Proposals we will observe how he makes them good and give an account thereof to Sir Joseph Williamson President of the Royal Society or to the President of the said Society for the time being Chr. Wren Isaac Vossius John Pell W. Lloyd Tho. Gale Rob. Hook UPon perusing these preceding Proposals we whose Names are underwritten well approving and highly commending this Design of the said Moses Pitt do for his encouragement not only subscribe our selves for one or more Copies of the said Book but also do recommend so Noble and Useful a Design to the rest of the Nobility and Gentry throughout his Majesties Dominions The KING' 's most Excellent Majesty The QUEEN'S Majesty His Royal Highness the Duke of YORK Her Royal Highness the Dutchess of YORK Her Highness the Lady ANN. His Highness CHARLES-LEWIS Elector Palatine of the RHINE His Highness Prince RUPERT JAMES late Lord Archbishop of St. Andrews ALEXANDER Ld. 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Roger VVhitley Thomas VVhitley Esq Ralph VVilbraham Esq Sr. Joseph VVilliamson President of the Royal Society Thomas VVillis Esq Student of Ch. Ch. Oxon Edward VVilson Esq of Dallam Tower Westmorland Sr. Hump. VVinch Bar. of Hannes in Bedfordshire William Winde Esq Paul Wicks of London Esq Sr. Will. Whitmore Bar. of Apley Shropsh Sr. Paul Whichcot Kt. and Bar. of Hendon Middlesex Sr. Francis VVithens of VVestm Sir John VVittewronge Kt. Bar. of Stantonbury in Buckinghamshire Francis VVolferston Esq of Statfold in Staffordshire John VVolryche Esq of Dudmaston John VVostenholme Esq of Enfield in Mid. Rich. VVroe B. D. of VVigan Lancash Sr. Christopher VVren Surveior General to his Majesty Sr. Henry VVright Bar. of Dogenham Essex Lawr. Womock D.D. Arch-Deacon of Suffolk Sr. Cyril VVyche of Hockwold and Wilton Shropshire John Wynne Esq Owen Wynne Esq Benjamin Woodroff D. D. Canon of Ch. Ch. Oxon Sr. Peter VVyche Lady VVymondesold of Putney Tho. VVyndham Esq Grome of the Bed-chamber John VVyvell Minister by Rochester RICHARD Ld. Arch Bp. of York ROBERT Earl of Yarmouth Robert Yard Esq John Yardley M.D. Col. Med. Lond. S. Hon. Tho. Yate D. D. Principal of Brazen-Nose Coll. Oxon James Young Esq Robert Young Canon of VVindsor THE INTRODUCTION The Intention of the whole Work COSMOGRAPHY is a general description of the whole World consisting of Heaven and Earth of both which an account is intended to be given in this Atlas that of the Heavens is reserv'd to a peculiar Volume It being as we conceive of greater necessity that we begin with that of the Earth And first of this great Globe in general the description whereof belongs to Geography as that of particular Regions and Countries is called Chorography which is contained in their peculiar Maps Nor shall we omit such Topographical descriptions or the knowledg of lesser places as Cities Rivers Mountains c. where advantage may be to the Reader Now this Globe which we call of the Earth consisteth of Land and Water or Seas the description of those is properly nam'd Hydrography which sets forth the superficies of the Seas and mouths of greater Rivers the Havens Rocks Shallows Creeks and such other considerations as concern Navigation to this also an entire Volume in this Edition of an Atlas is designed And because that of ancient times the divisions and boundaries of Kingdoms and Countries were very much divers from those at present to avoid confusion which must needs happen by treating in the same place of things so different it is thought necessary to reserve the ancient Geography to a particular Tome to be put forth with the rest in its due time Thus you have an account of what is intended in the Edition of this Great Work But it is first necessary to explain such terms and lay such general grounds as are of use thro all the Volumes which is the subject of this Preface or Introduction Of the Globe of the Earth First then it is to be noted that the Earth and Water make but one body the figure whereof is round and therefore is best and most naturally represented by those we call Globes tho Maps also or plain Figures if carefully drawn are sufficiently exact This proposition tho it might be supposed rationally enough as now granted by all learned men yet may it be evidently proved both from Celestial and Terrestrial appearances whereof an account and reason may easily be given by this figure and not by any other The Sun and the Stars rise sooner to them who live Eastwardly then they do to us which could not be if the whole face of the Earth were plain 2. To those who live more or less Northward the Pole is more or less elevated for those inhabitants of Iseland Lapland c. who live about a thousand miles more Northward then we do see the Pole-star fifteen degrees higher then we can And those who travel hence towards those Countries do find that this variation is made gradually altering about a degree and a half at the end of every hundred miles which could not be except the body on which they moved were Spherical 3. The Shadow which the Earth casteth upon the Moon when she is partially eclipsed is seen to be circular and therefore the body which causes it must be so too To these we may add that many Propositions in Astronomy Geography and Navigation are founded on this supposition and when they are applyed to use they prove true and succeed according to expectation which certainly they would not always do if the very foundation upon which they are built were unsound The same also is proved by plain sense and experiment as well as by reason and consequence for we perceive that Ships which loose from their Harbours in calm weather disappear gradually first their Hulks then their Sails and after a few miles their highest Masts the natural convexity of the water interposing betwixt them and our sight Several also of our Country-men and Neighbours have sailed round about this Globe loosing hence Westwardly and returning again fromwards the East From which and other Navigations we may conclude not only that naturally no part of the Ocean is higher then another but also that we may sail from any part to any part of the superficies of the Ocean and that every Continent hath Sea about it and is indeed but a greater Island Of the situation of the Earth The controversie about the situation of this Globe whether it stand still in the midst and as it were center of the world as the ancients generally opined or whether it move upon its own axis and about the Sun as the center besides that it is not so much to our purpose in this as in the Volume of the Heavens the Maps and Descriptions being the same in both ways and that the learned are not come to any issue in it nor have we any thing to add to the common and vulgar probable arguments only we shall omit The parts of this Globe are naturally separated one from another by Seas ledges of Mountains Rivers Desarts and the like Which are very opportune for the distinction of Nations Kingdoms and Governments Of the Waters in this Globe In the beginning of the Creation the Waters being lighter then the Earth accordingly overspread and compassed it to some considerable height