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A90463 A perfect description of Virginia: being, a full and true relation of the present state of the plantation, their health, peace, and plenty: the number of people, with their abundance of cattell, fowl, fish, &c. with severall sorts of rich and good commodities, which may there be had, either naturally, or by art and labour. Which we are fain to procure from Spain, France, Denmark, Swedeland, Germany, Poland, yea, from the East-Indies. There having been nothing related of the true estate of this plantation these 25 years. Being sent from Virginia, at the request of a gentleman of worthy note, who desired to know the true state of Virginia as it now stands. Also, a narration of the countrey, within a few dayes journey of Virginia, west and by south, where people come to trade: being related to the governour, Sir William Berckley, who is to go himselfe to discover it with 30 horse, and 50 foot, and other things needfull for his enterprize. With the manner how the Emperor Nichotawance came to Sir William Berckley, attended with five petty Kings, to doe homage, and bring tribute to King Charles. With his solemne protestation, that the sun and moon should lose their lights before he (or his people in that country) should prove disloyall, but ever to keepe faith and allegiance to King Charles. 1648 (1648) Wing P1486; Thomason E474_15; ESTC R205375 12,495 22

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5 Water-mills to grind their Corn besides many Horse-mills of several kinds and Hand-mills for several uses A Sawing mill for Boards is much wanted one mill driven by water will do as much as 20 Sawyers c. 31 There comes yeerly to trade with them above 30 saile of ships and in these not so little as seven or eight hundred Mariners employed some say above a thousand this is a considerable thing and they return laden home in March this is a good seminary for Mariners 32 The Commodity these ships bring is Linnen Cloth of all sorts and so of Woollen Cloth Stockins Shooes and the like things 33 Most of the Masters of ships and chief Mariners have also there Plantations and houses and servants c. in Virginia and so are every way great gainers by Fraight by Merchandize and by Plantation and P●pe-staves Clap-board choice Walnut-tree-vvood Ceader-tree-timber and the like is transported by them if Tobacco is not their full lading 34 They have in their Colony Pinnaces Barkes great and small Boates many hundreds for most of their Plantations stand upon the Rivers sides or up little Creek● and but a small way into the Land so that for transportation and fishing they use many Boates. 35 They make Pitch and Tarre and there is materials in the Woods for abundance Also for Pot and Sope-ashes Woods most proper and store hands want 36 That for Mulbery-trees the natural and proper food for Silke-wormes they have abundance in the woods and some so large that one tree contains as many leaves as will seed Silke-worms that will make as much Silk as may be worth five pounds sterling money this some French men affirme And now they desire Silke-wormes-seed which is sent them and their hopes are good of the thriving of it A Commodity that may soon enrich them all with little labour care or pains all Materials so plentiful and at hand the food in abundance the Climate warm the work done in five weeks time and within doors by women and children as well as men and at that time of the yeer in May that it hinders not any other work or planting sowing or the like employments such an advantage that had the Dutch the like in any of their Plantations they would improve it to the certaine gaine in the trade of Silke from Persia and China which we fetch with great charge and expence and hazard and inrich Heathen and Mahumetans greatly but to these things lack Publick and State encouragements to begin the work but more of this in an other place it deserves a full handling 37 Vines in abundance and variety do grow naturally over all the land but by the birds and beasts most devoured before they come to perfection and ripenesse but this testifies and declares That the Ground and the Climate is most proper and the Commodity of Wine is not a contemptible Merchandize but some men of worth estate must give in these things example to the inferiour inhabitants and ordinary sort of men to shew them the gain and Commodity by it which they will not believe but by experience before their faces And in Tobacco they can make 20. l. sterling a man at 3d a pound per annum and this they find and know and the present gain is that that puts out all endeavours from the attempting of others more Staple and Sollid and rich Commodities out of the heads and hands of the Common people So as I say the wealthier sort of men must begin and give the example and make the gain of other Commodities as apparent to them by the effecting them to perfection or it will not as it hath not hither unto go forward 38 That they have health very well and fewer die in a yeer there according to the proportion then in any place of England since that men are provided with all necessaries have plenty of victual bread and good beer and houseing all which the Englishmen loves full dearly 39 That the Passengers also come safe and well the seamen of late years having found a way that now in 5 6 and 7 weeks they saile to Virginia free from all Rocks Sands and Pirats and that they return home again in 20 dayes sometimes and 30 at most the Winds commonly serving more constantly being Westerly homeward the Easterly outward bound 40 That the mouth of the two Capes of Land Cape Henry on the South and Cape Charles on the North the entrance in is in 37 degrees that the first River up the West is James River where most of the Plantations are setled and Towns the second is Charles river on the North of it and the third called by the Indian name Tapahanuke the 4 river Patawoenicke the 5 river Patuxant the 6 Bolus the 7 Saquisahanuke at the head of the great Bay of Chespiacke into which Bay these 7 rivers from the West side of it do all enter and run into and so the mouth of the Bay issueth out due East into the main Sea between the two aforesaid Capes the Baylies North and South and hath a Channel in draught of 140 miles and in depth between 5 6 and 15 fathomes in some places The widenesse of the Bay is from the West side which is the great Land to the East side of the Land which joynes upon the Sea called the Acamake-shore the widenesse breadth of this Bay I say is about 9 10 14 miles broad in some places of it and these 7 Rivers have their mouths into the Bay not above 20 miles each River is distant from the other But this in Smiths Map is more at large described 41 That some English about a thousand are seated upon the Acamake-shore by Cape Charles where Captaine Teardley is chief Commander now called the County of Northampton 42 That they have Lime in abundance made for their houses store of Bricks made and House and Chimnies built of Brick and some Wood high and fair covered with Shingell for Tyle yet they have none that make them wanting workmen in that trade the Brickmakers have not the art to do it it shrinketh 43 That since the Massacre the Savages have been driven far away many destroyed of them their Towns and houses ruinated their cleer grounds possessed by the English to sow Wheat in and their great King Opechaukenow that bloody Monster upon 100 yeers old was taken by Sir William Berkely the Governour 44 All kinds of Trades-men may live well there and do gaine much by their labours and arts as Turners Potters Coopers to make all kind of earthen and wooden Vessells Sawyers Carpenters Tyle-makers Boat-wrights Taylors Shoemakers Tanners Fishermen and the like 45 Young youths from 16 yeers and upward for Apprentises and Servants for some yeers then to have Land given them and Cattel to set up Thousands of these kinds of young boyes maydens wanting 46 That the Government is after the Lawes of England that is well for men before they go to