profitable_a 6._o we_o have_v people_n enough_o and_o more_o than_o we_o can_v employ_v 7._o to_o suffer_v artificer_n to_o have_v as_o many_o apprentice_n as_o they_o will_v be_v to_o destroy_v trade_n 8._o the_o admission_n of_o stranger_n be_v to_o call_v in_o other_o to_o eat_v the_o bread_n out_o of_o our_o own_o mouth_n 9_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o live_v and_o trade_n in_o a_o corporation_n that_o be_v not_o a_o freeman_n of_o the_o place_n 10._o nor_o shall_v any_o be_v freeman_n that_o be_v not_o the_o son_n of_o freeman_n or_o have_v serve_v seven_o year_n apprenticeship_n 11._o it_o be_v better_a we_o trade_v but_o for_o a_o hundred_o pound_n at_o 20_o per_fw-la cent_n profit_n then_o for_o three_o hundred_o at_o 10_o per_fw-la cent_n profit_n and_o so_o pro_fw-la rata_fw-la 12._o our_o plantation_n depopulate_v and_o consequent_o impoverish_v england_n with_o abundance_n more_o that_o may_v be_v name_v but_o that_o many_o of_o they_o be_v occasional_o hint_v and_o i_o hope_v they_o and_o other_o confute_v in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v and_o what_o follow_v as_o well_o as_o by_o what_o most_o man_n observe_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v wonderful_o fit_v by_o the_o bounty_n of_o god_n almighty_n for_o a_o great_a progression_n in_o wealth_n and_o power_n and_o that_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o arrive_v at_o both_o or_o either_o of_o they_o be_v to_o improve_v and_o advance_v trade_n and_o that_o the_o way_n to_o those_o improvement_n be_v not_o hedge_v up_o with_o thorn_n nor_o hide_v from_o we_o in_o the_o dark_a or_o intrigue_v with_o difficulty_n but_o very_o natural_a and_o facile_a if_o we_o will_v set_v about_o they_o and_o begin_v the_o right_a way_n cast_v off_o some_o of_o our_o old_a mistake_a principle_n in_o trade_n which_o we_o inherit_v from_o our_o ancestor_n who_o be_v soldier_n huntsman_n and_o herdsman_n and_o therefore_o necessary_o unskilful_a in_o the_o mystery_n of_o and_o method_n to_o improve_v trade_n though_o their_o natural_a part_n be_v nothing_o inferior_a to_o we_o trade_n be_v but_o a_o novel_a thing_n in_o england_n comparative_o to_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n not_o yet_o advance_v to_o the_o one_o five_o part_n of_o improvement_n that_o this_o land_n be_v capable_a of_o and_o i_o think_v no_o true_a englishman_n will_v deny_v that_o the_o season_n â—ries_v aloud_o to_o we_o to_o be_v up_o and_o do_v before_o our_o field_n become_v unoccupied_a and_o before_o the_o dutch_a get_v too_o much_o the_o whip-hand_n of_o we_o who_o in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v they_o free_v from_o their_o french_a fear_n which_o they_o labour_v under_o at_o present_a i_o fear_v we_o shall_v find_v as_o severe_a taskmaster_n as_o ever_o the_o athenian_n be_v to_o the_o lesser_a trade_n city_n of_o greece_n neither_o be_v the_o dutch_a the_o only_a neighbour_n we_o have_v at_o this_o time_n for_o corrival_n in_o trade_n but_o the_o french_a king_n and_o king_n of_o sweeden_n be_v now_o as_o active_a circumspect_a industrious_a and_o prospective_n too_o in_o this_o affair_n and_o have_v and_o be_v order_v thing_n as_o prudent_o for_o promote_a thereof_o as_o the_o dutch_a themselves_o when_o i_o begin_v to_o write_v this_o treatise_n i_o intend_v not_o to_o enlarge_v upon_o so_o many_o particular_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o nothing_o can_v be_v say_v for_o public_a good_a but_o will_v cross_v the_o particular_a end_n as_o well_o as_o the_o opinion_n of_o many_o private_a person_n and_o still_o the_o more_o be_v say_v the_o more_o be_v disoblige_v but_o my_o duty_n to_o my_o country_n overcome_v those_o doubtful_a consideration_n i_o have_v adventure_v this_o second_o time_n to_o expose_v my_o conception_n to_o public_a censure_n with_o this_o confidence_n that_o after_o these_o principle_n have_v suffer_v the_o accustomary_a persecution_n of_o tongue_n and_o pen_n natural_o and_o constant_o accompany_v all_o new_a proposal_n for_o a_o while_n they_o will_v at_o length_n the_o most_o if_o not_o all_o of_o they_o or_o something_o very_o like_o they_o come_v to_o be_v general_o receive_v and_o honour_v with_o the_o public_a sanction_n by_o be_v pass_v into_o law_n gradual_o not_o at_o once_o concern_v the_o time_n whereof_o i_o be_o not_o careful_a but_o for_o my_o country_n sake_n i_o can_v wish_v it_o may_v be_v shorten_v the_o content_n first_o a_o discourse_n concern_v trade_n etc._n etc._n chap._n i._n a_o short_a reply_n to_o a_o treatise_n entitle_v interest_n of_o money_n mistake_v p._n 1._o chap._n ii_o concern_v the_o relief_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o poor_a p._n 55._o chap._n iii_o concern_v company_n of_o merchant_n p._n 80._o chap._n iu._n concern_v the_o act_n of_o navigation_n p._n 90._o chap._n v._n concern_v transferrance_n of_o debt_n p._n 106._o chap._n vi_o concern_v a_o court-merchant_n p._n 112._o chap._n vii_o concern_v naturalisation_n p._n 122._o chap._n viii_o concern_v wool_n and_o woollen_a manufacture_n p._n 127._o chap._n ix_o concern_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n p._n 135._o chap._n x._o concern_v plantation_n p._n 164._o a_o small_a treatise_n against_o usury_n p._n 205._o a_o discourse_n concern_v trade_n etc._n etc._n the_o prodigious_a increase_n of_o the_o netherlander_n in_o their_o domestic_a and_o foreign_a trade_n riches_n and_o multitude_n of_o ship_n be_v the_o envy_n of_o the_o present_a and_o may_v be_v the_o wonder_n of_o all_o future_a generation_n and_o yet_o the_o mean_n whereby_o they_o have_v thus_o advance_v themselves_o be_v sufficient_o obvious_a and_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n imitable_a by_o most_o other_o nation_n but_o more_o easy_o by_o we_o of_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o demonstrate_v in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n some_o of_o the_o say_a mean_n by_o which_o they_o have_v advance_v their_o trade_n and_o thereby_o improve_v their_o estate_n be_v these_o follow_v first_o they_o have_v in_o their_o great_a council_n of_o state_n and_o war_n trading-merchant_n that_o have_v live_v abroad_o in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o world_n who_o have_v not_o only_o the_o theoretical_a knowledge_n but_o the_o practical_a experience_n of_o trade_n by_o who_o law_n and_o order_n be_v contrive_v and_o peace_n with_o foreign_a prince_n project_v to_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o their_o trade_n second_o their_o law_n of_o gavel-kind_n whereby_o all_o their_o child_n possess_v a_o equal_a share_n of_o their_o father_n estate_n after_o their_o decease_n and_o so_o be_v not_o leave_v to_o wrestle_v with_o the_o world_n in_o their_o youth_n with_o inconsiderable_a assistance_n of_o fortune_n as_o most_o of_o our_o young_a son_n of_o gentleman_n in_o england_n be_v who_o be_v bind_v apprentice_n to_o merchant_n three_o their_o exact_a make_n of_o all_o their_o native_a commodity_n and_o pack_v of_o their_o herring_n codfish_n and_o all_o other_o commodity_n which_o they_o send_v abroad_o in_o great_a quantity_n the_o consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o the_o repute_n of_o their_o say_a commodity_n abroad_o continue_v always_o good_a and_o the_o buyer_n will_v accept_v of_o they_o by_o the_o mark_n without_o open_v whereas_o the_o fish_n which_o our_o english_a make_v in_o newfoundland_n and_o new-england_n and_o herring_n at_o yarmouth_n often_o prove_v false_a and_o deceitful_o make_v and_o our_o pilchard_n from_o the_o west-country_n false_a pack_v seldom_o contain_v the_o quantity_n for_o which_o the_o hogshead_n be_v mark_v in_o which_o they_o be_v pack_v and_o in_o england_n the_o attempt_n which_o our_o forefather_n make_v for_o regulate_v of_o manufacture_n when_o leave_v to_o the_o execution_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n in_o a_o short_a time_n resolve_v but_o into_o a_o tax_n upon_o the_o commodity_n without_o respect_n to_o the_o goodness_n thereof_o as_o most_o notorious_o appear_v in_o the_o business_n of_o the_o aulnage_n which_o doubtless_o our_o predecessor_n intend_v for_o a_o scrutiny_n into_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o commodity_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n a_o seal_n be_v invent_v as_o a_o signal_n that_o the_o commodity_n be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n which_o seal_v it_o be_v say_v may_v now_o be_v buy_v by_o thousand_o and_o put_v upon_o what_o the_o buyer_n please_v four_o their_o give_v great_a encouragement_n and_o immunity_n to_o the_o inventor_n of_o new_a manufacture_n and_o the_o discoverer_n of_o any_o new_a mystery_n in_o trade_n and_o to_o those_o that_o shall_v bring_v the_o commodity_n of_o other_o nation_n first_o in_o use_n and_o practice_n among_o they_o for_o which_o the_o author_n never_o go_v without_o his_o due_a reward_n allow_v he_o at_o the_o public_a charge_n five_o their_o contrive_v and_o building_n of_o great_a ship_n to_o sail_v with_o small_a charge_n not_o above_o one_o three_o of_o what_o we_o be_v at_o for_o ship_n
license_v november_n the_o 18_o 1689._o and_o enter_v according_a to_o order_n a_o discourse_n about_o trade_n wherein_o the_o reduction_n of_o interest_n of_o money_n to_o 4_o l._n per_fw-la centum_fw-la be_v recommend_v method_n for_o the_o employment_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o poor_a be_v propose_v several_a weighty_a point_n relate_v to_o company_n of_o merchant_n the_o act_n of_o navigation_n naturalisation_n of_o stranger_n our_o woollen_a manufacture_n the_o balance_n of_o trade_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o plantation_n and_o their_o consequence_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o kingdom_n be_v serious_o discuss_v and_o some_o argument_n for_o erect_v a_o court_n of_o merchant_n for_o determine_a controversy_n relate_v to_o maritime_a affair_n and_o for_o a_o law_n for_o transferrance_n of_o bill_n of_o debt_n be_v humble_o offer_v never_o before_o print_v print_a by_o a_o soul_n at_o the_o crooked-billet_a in_o holloway-lane_n and_o sell_v at_o the_o three_o key_n in_o nags-head-court_n grace-church-street_n 1690._o the_o publisher_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o follow_a sheet_n be_v write_v as_o the_o reader_n will_v observe_v by_o the_o content_n soon_o after_o the_o dreadful_a fire_n which_o happen_v in_o london_n in_o the_o year_n 1666._o they_o fall_v very_o accidental_o into_o my_o hand_n in_o manuscript_n as_o they_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v this_o last_o summer_n and_o have_v in_o my_o conversation_n in_o the_o world_n hear_v several_a of_o the_o proposition_n therein_o discuss_v frequent_o contra_v i_o do_v set_v myself_o with_o some_o curiosity_n to_o run_v they_o over_o and_o in_o do_v it_o discern_v as_o i_o think_v much_o experimental_a truth_n and_o reason_n and_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a life_n and_o spirit_n for_o the_o public_a good_a in_o the_o whole_a work_n i_o therefore_o make_v suit_n to_o the_o judicious_a &_o worthy_a author_n to_o permit_v i_o to_o the_o same_o end_n for_o which_o it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v at_o the_o first_o write_v to_o hand_n it_o over_o to_o some_o of_o our_o best_a patriot_n to_o which_o he_o be_v please_v to_o concede_fw-la i_o begin_v to_o transcribe_v it_o but_o find_v that_o that_o will_v prove_v a_o tedious_a task_n and_o that_o that_o way_n will_v confine_v this_o excellent_a treatise_n to_o too_o narrow_a bound_n i_o have_v presume_v thus_o to_o emit_v it_o to_o the_o world_n i_o may_v not_o divulge_v the_o author_n name_n but_o this_o i_o may_v true_o say_v he_o be_v no_o trader_n neither_o pay_v any_o use_n for_o money_n but_o receive_v a_o great_a deal_n yearly_a and_o have_v to_o my_o knowledge_n a_o considerable_a estate_n in_o land_n and_o therefore_o the_o most_o invidious_a can_v conceive_v he_o have_v any_o private_a or_o selfish_a end_n in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n i_o have_v in_o my_o time_n be_v privy_a to_o and_o frequent_o concern_v in_o the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o much_o land_n and_o i_o find_v every_o thing_n he_o say_v at_o that_o time_n so_o true_a of_o the_o then_o low_a rate_n of_o land_n as_o be_v his_o prediction_n of_o its_o rise_n in_o purchase_n so_o soon_o as_o that_o lazy_a way_n of_o usury_n by_o bankeer_v shall_v be_v break_v that_o i_o be_o moral_o confident_a if_o the_o parliament_n shall_v be_v please_v to_o abate_v the_o interest_n of_o money_n by_o a_o law_n to_o 4_o l._n per_fw-la cent._n we_o shall_v as_o certain_o see_v land_n in_o england_n as_o general_o sell_v at_o twenty_o five_o year_n purchase_v within_o five_o year_n after_o such_o a_o law_n as_o we_o do_v see_v they_o about_o the_o time_n the_o follow_a discourse_n be_v write_v sell_v at_o seventeen_o year_n purchase_n and_o as_o we_o do_v now_o see_v land_n current_o sell_v at_o twenty_o year_n purchase_n and_o upward_o i_o take_v occasion_n in_o my_o discourse_n with_o the_o author_n to_o observe_v to_o he_o that_o though_o land_n in_o general_n be_v rise_v in_o sale_n as_o he_o foresee_v to_o twenty_o year_n purchase_n or_o more_o that_o yet_o marsh_n and_o feed_v ground_n be_v abate_v in_o rent_n to_o the_o tenant_n at_o least_o 20_o or_o 30_o l._n per_fw-la cent._n he_o grant_v i_o to_o be_v in_o the_o right_a herein_o and_o impute_v the_o cause_n thereof_o partly_o to_o the_o prohibition_n of_o irish_a cattle_n and_o partly_o to_o the_o late_a general_a practice_n of_o sow_a clover_n saint-foyne_a rye-grass_n and_o other_o grass-seed_n upon_o which_o i_o ask_v he_o whether_o he_o think_v it_o will_v not_o tend_v to_o the_o public_a good_a to_o prohibit_v by_o a_o law_n the_o sow_v of_o those_o seed_n he_o say_v by_o no_o mean_n honest_a industry_n and_o invention_n be_v never_o to_o be_v obstruct_v by_o law_n i_o query_v then_o why_o usury_n shall_v be_v check_v by_o a_o law_n he_o reply_v that_o in_o the_o trade_n of_o usury_n there_o be_v neither_o industry_n not_o invention_n but_o idleness_n and_o oppression_n and_o that_o all_o christian_a church_n as_o well_o as_o most_o particular_a eminent_a divine_n ever_o since_o our_o saviour_n christ_n time_n have_v condemn_v usury_n as_o sinful_a the_o foregoing_a discourse_n lead_v to_o another_o great_a question_n whether_o foreign_a commodity_n such_o as_o tend_v to_o nourish_v vice_n and_o luxury_n ought_v not_o for_o the_o public_a good_a to_o be_v prohibit_v by_o a_o law_n or_o by_o load_v they_o with_o a_o deep_a custom_n such_o as_o wine_n brandy_n sugar_n tobacco_n etc._n etc._n and_o i_o be_o humble_o of_o opinion_n with_o the_o most_o profound_a submission_n to_o all_o my_o superior_n who_o proper_a business_n it_o be_v to_o agree_v and_o constitute_v law_n that_o it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o public_a good_a to_o load_v even_o such_o commodity_n with_o so_o great_a a_o duty_n as_o do_v or_o may_v ruin_v our_o plantation_n or_o total_o prevent_v the_o english_a from_o a_o possibility_n of_o supply_v the_o eastern_a and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n with_o these_o commodity_n because_o by_o so_o do_v we_o give_v away_o the_o most_o precious_a of_o all_o our_o trade_n a_o great_a part_n of_o our_o navigation_n to_o our_o wise_a neighbour_n the_o dutch_a who_o have_v rather_o pay_v their_o twenty_o penny_n twice_o a_o year_n than_o lose_v their_o trade_n to_o the_o baltic_a with_o salt_n wine_n brandy_n tobacco_n etc._n etc._n i_o may_v say_v too_o with_o chestnut_n and_o walnut_n as_o inconsiderable_a as_o their_o value_n be_v every_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v prize_v above_o gold_n that_o increase_v the_o navigation_n of_o any_o country_n especial_o that_o of_o this_o island_n of_o england_n i_o have_v be_v always_o a_o advocate_n for_o liberty_n and_o a_o enemy_n to_o persecution_n for_o matter_n of_o religion_n and_o so_o i_o be_o confident_a be_v the_o gentleman_n our_o worthy_a author_n as_o the_o follow_a tract_n clear_o evince_n and_o by_o so_o do_v give_v the_o reason_n why_o this_o admirable_a work_n have_v till_o now_o lie_v in_o obscurity_n the_o policy_n and_o council_n of_o the_o late_a reign_v constant_o discountenance_v that_o excellent_a principle_n and_o because_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n be_v frequent_o touch_v in_o this_o ensue_a discourse_n and_o declare_v to_o be_v a_o principal_a mean_n to_o advance_v the_o public_a good_a of_o this_o kingdom_n viz._n trade_n which_o it_o be_v evident_a be_v the_o real_a and_o only_a design_n of_o this_o treatise_n i_o shall_v take_v the_o freedom_n to_o tell_v my_o thought_n very_o plain_o in_o relation_n to_o it_o i_o remember_v that_o great_a master_n of_o historian_n cornelius_n tacitus_n say_v of_o the_o incomparable_a roman_a emperor_n nerva_n that_o he_o do_v reconcile_v res_fw-la olim_fw-la insociabiles_fw-la thing_n never_o before_o adjust_v the_o freedom_n of_o all_o man_n with_o the_o sole_a command_n of_o one_o such_o a_o prince_n i_o hope_v and_o very_o believe_v god_n almighty_a in_o abundant_a mercy_n to_o this_o poor_a nation_n have_v send_v we_o in_o his_o present_a majesty_n our_o true_o good_a and_o gracious_a 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now_o and_o have_v be_v for_o two_o or_o three_o age_n pass_v divide_v in_o opinion_n they_o be_v necessary_a relative_n one_o to_o the_o other_o and_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v stand_v long_o alone_o without_o the_o other_o time_n in_o innumerable_a instance_n have_v prove_v it_o a_o most_o manifest_a error_n in_o our_o king_n lord_n and_o gentleman_n that_o they_o attempt_v by_o law_n to_o compel_v all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n to_o a_o conformity_n to_o the_o national_a church_n and_o no_o less_o error_n be_v it_o in_o the_o dissenter_n and_o their_o adherent_n in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n to_o think_v to_o enjoy_v long_o the_o fruit_n of_o their_o fight_a and_o conquest_n by_o keep_v all_o form_n of_o religion_n loose_a and_o equal_o capable_a of_o preferment_n to_o the_o public_a revenue_n without_o establish_v any_o national_a church_n the_o public_a revenue_n whereof_o none_o shall_v be_v capable_a of_o enjoy_v but_o such_o as_o be_v of_o it_o many_o of_o the_o 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conclude_v with_o two_o or_o three_o request_n to_o the_o reader_n 1._o that_o he_o will_v read_v and_o consider_v what_o he_o read_v with_o a_o entire_a love_n to_o his_o country_n void_a of_o private_a interest_n and_o former_a ill_a ground_a impression_n receive_v into_o his_o mind_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o this_o principle_n 2._o that_o he_o will_v read_v all_o mind_v the_o matter_n not_o the_o stile_n before_o he_o make_v a_o judgement_n 3._o that_o in_o all_o his_o meditation_n upon_o these_o principle_n he_o will_v wary_o distinguish_v between_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o merchant_n and_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v always_o parallel_n that_o frequent_o they_o run_v counter_a one_o to_o the_o other_o although_o most_o man_n by_o their_o education_n and_o business_n have_v fix_v their_o eye_n and_o aim_v whole_o upon_o the_o former_a do_v usual_o confound_v these_o two_o in_o their_o thought_n and_o discourse_n of_o trade_n or_o else_o mistake_v the_o former_a for_o the_o latter_a from_o which_o false_a measure_n have_v proceed_v many_o vulgar_a error_n in_o trade_n some_o whereof_o by_o reason_n of_o man_n frequent_a mistake_n as_o aforesaid_a be_v become_v almost_o proverbial_a and_o often_o hear_v out_o of_o the_o mouth_n not_o only_o of_o the_o common_a people_n but_o of_o man_n that_o may_v know_v better_o if_o they_o will_v due_o consider_v the_o aforesaid_a distinction_n some_o of_o the_o say_v common_a proverbial_a error_n be_v viz._n 1._o vulgar_a error_n we_o have_v too_o many_o merchant_n already_o 2._o the_o stock_n of_o england_n be_v too_o big_a for_o the_o trade_n of_o england_n 3._o no_o man_n shall_v exercise_v two_o calling_n 4._o especial_o no_o shopkeeper_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o merchant_n 5._o luxury_n and_o some_o excess_n may_v be_v
of_o the_o same_o burden_n in_o england_n and_o compel_v their_o say_a ship_n be_v of_o small_a force_n to_o sail_v always_o in_o fleet_n to_o which_o in_o all_o time_n of_o danger_n they_o allow_v convoy_n six_o their_o parsimonious_a and_o thrifty_a live_n which_o be_v so_o extraordinary_a that_o a_o merchant_n of_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_v estate_n with_o they_o will_v scarce_o spend_v so_o much_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la as_o one_o of_o fifteen_o hundred_o pound_n estate_n in_o london_n seven_o the_o education_n of_o their_o child_n as_o well_o daughter_n as_o son_n all_o which_o be_v they_o of_o never_o so_o great_a quality_n or_o estate_n they_o always_o take_v care_n to_o bring_v up_o to_o write_v perfect_a good_a hand_n and_o to_o have_v the_o full_a knowledge_n and_o use_n of_o arithemetick_n and_o merchants-account_n the_o well_o understand_v and_o practice_n whereof_o do_v strange_o infuse_v into_o most_o that_o be_v the_o owner_n of_o that_o quality_n of_o either_o sex_n not_o only_o a_o ability_n for_o commerce_n of_o all_o kind_n but_o a_o strong_a aptitude_n love_n and_o delight_n in_o it_o and_o in_o regard_n the_o woman_n be_v as_o know_v therein_o as_o the_o man_n it_o do_v encourage_v their_o husband_n to_o hold_v on_o in_o their_o trade_n to_o their_o die_a day_n know_v the_o capacity_n of_o their_o wife_n to_o get_v in_o their_o estate_n and_o carry_v on_o their_o trade_n after_o their_o death_n whereas_o if_o a_o merchant_n in_o england_n arrive_v at_o any_o considerable_a estate_n he_o common_o withdraws_a his_o estate_n from_o trade_n before_o he_o come_v near_o the_o confine_n of_o old_a age_n reckon_v that_o if_o god_n shall_v call_v he_o out_o of_o the_o world_n while_o the_o main_a of_o his_o estate_n be_v engage_v abroad_o in_o trade_n he_o must_v lose_v one_o three_o of_o it_o through_o the_o unexperience_n and_o unaptness_n of_o his_o wife_n to_o such_o affair_n and_o so_o it_o usual_o fall_v out_o beside_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o arithmetic_n that_o like_o other_o part_n of_o the_o mathematics_n it_o do_v not_o only_o improve_v the_o rational_a faculty_n but_o incline_v those_o that_o be_v expert_a in_o it_o to_o thriftiness_n and_o good-husbandry_n and_o prevent_v both_o husband_n and_o wife_n in_o some_o measure_n from_o run_v out_o of_o their_o estate_n when_o they_o have_v it_o always_o ready_a in_o their_o head_n what_o their_o expense_n do_v amount_v to_o and_o how_o soon_o by_o that_o course_n their_o ruin_n must_v overtake_v they_o eight_o the_o lowness_n of_o their_o custom_n and_o the_o height_n of_o their_o excise_n which_o be_v certain_o the_o most_o equal_a and_o indifferent_a tax_n in_o the_o world_n and_o least_o prejudical_a to_o any_o people_n as_o may_v be_v make_v appear_v be_v it_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o discourse_n nine_o the_o careful_a provide_v for_o and_o employment_n of_o their_o poor_a which_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o demonstrate_v can_v never_o be_v do_v in_o england_n comparative_o to_o what_o it_o be_v with_o they_o while_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o care_n of_o every_o parish_n to_o look_v after_o their_o own_o only_a ten_o their_o use_n of_o bank_n which_o be_v of_o so_o immense_a advantage_n to_o they_o that_o some_o not_o without_o good_a ground_n have_v estimate_v the_o profit_n of_o they_o to_o the_o public_a to_o amount_v to_o at_o least_o one_o million_o of_o pound_n sterling_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la eleven_o their_o toleration_n of_o different_a opinion_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n by_o reason_n whereof_o many_o industrious_a people_n of_o other_o country_n that_o dissent_n from_o the_o establish_v government_n of_o their_o own_o church_n resort_n to_o they_o with_o thetr_n family_n and_o estate_n and_o after_o a_o few_o year_n co-habitation_n with_o they_o become_v of_o the_o same_o common_a interest_n twelve_o their_o law-merchant_n by_o which_o all_o controversy_n between_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n be_v decide_v in_o three_o or_o four_o day_n time_n and_o that_o not_o at_o the_o forty_o part_n i_o may_v say_v in_o many_o case_n not_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o the_o charge_n they_o be_v with_o we_o thirteen_o the_o law_n that_o be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o for_o transference_n of_o bill_n for_o debt_n from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o this_o be_v of_o extraordinary_a advantage_n to_o they_o in_o their_o commerce_n by_o mean_n whereof_o they_o can_v turn_v their_o stock_n twice_o or_o thrice_o in_o trade_n for_o once_o that_o we_o can_v in_o england_n for_o that_o have_v sell_v our_o foreign_a good_n here_o we_o can_v buy_v again_o to_o advantage_n till_o we_o be_v possess_v of_o our_o money_n which_o it_o may_v be_v we_o shall_v be_v six_o nine_o or_o twelve_o month_n in_o recover_v and_o if_o what_o we_o sell_v be_v considerable_a it_o be_v a_o good_a man_n work_n all_o the_o year_n to_o be_v follow_v vintner_n and_o shopkeeper_n for_o money_n whereas_o be_v the_o law_n for_o transfer_v bill_n in_o practice_n with_o we_o we_o can_v present_o after_o sale_n of_o our_o good_n dispose_v of_o our_o bill_n and_o close_o up_o our_o account_n to_o do_v which_o the_o advantage_n ease_n and_o accommodation_n it_o will_v be_v to_o trade_n be_v so_o great_a that_o none_o but_o merchant_n that_o have_v live_v where_o that_o custom_n be_v in_o use_n can_v value_v to_o its_o due_a proportion_n fourteen_o their_o keep_n up_o public_a register_n of_o all_o land_n and_o house_n sell_v or_o mortgage_v whereby_o many_o chargeable_a law-suit_n be_v prevent_v and_o the_o security_n of_o land_n and_o house_n render_v indeed_o such_o as_o we_o common_o call_v they_o real_a security_n last_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n of_o money_n with_o they_o which_o in_o peaceable_a time_n exceed_v not_o three_o per_n cent_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o be_v now_o during_o this_o war_n with_o england_n not_o above_o four_o per_fw-la cent_n at_o most_o some_o more_o particular_n may_v be_v add_v and_o those_o aforesaid_a further_o improve_v be_v it_o my_o purpose_n to_o discourse_v at_o large_a of_o trade_n but_o see_v most_o of_o the_o former_a particular_n be_v observe_v and_o grant_v by_o all_o man_n that_o make_v it_o any_o part_n of_o their_o business_n to_o inspect_v the_o true_a nature_n and_o principle_n of_o trade_n but_o the_o last_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o the_o most_o ingenious_a to_o be_v any_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a increase_n of_o the_o riches_n and_o commerce_n of_o that_o people_n i_o shall_v therefore_o in_o this_o paper_n confine_v myself_o to_o write_v principal_o my_o observation_n touch_v that_o viz._n the_o profit_n that_o people_n have_v receive_v and_o any_o other_o may_v receive_v by_o reduce_v the_o interest_n of_o money_n to_o a_o very_a low_a rate_n this_o in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n be_v the_o causa_fw-la causans_fw-la of_o all_o the_o other_o cause_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o that_o people_n and_o that_o if_o interest_n of_o money_n be_v with_o we_o reduceâ—_n to_o the_o same_o rate_n it_o be_v with_o they_o iâ—_n will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n render_v we_o as_o ricâ—_n and_o considerable_a in_o trade_n as_o they_o noâ—_n be_v and_o consequent_o be_v of_o greateâ—_n damage_n to_o they_o and_o advantage_n to_o we_o then_o can_v happen_v by_o the_o issue_n of_o this_o present_a war_n though_o the_o success_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v as_o good_a as_o we_o can_v wish_v except_o it_o end_v in_o theâ—r_n total_a ruin_n and_o extirpation_n to_o illustrate_v this_o let_v we_o impartial_o search_v our_o book_n and_o inquire_v what_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v as_o to_o trade_n and_o riches_n before_o any_o law_n concern_v interest_n of_o money_n be_v make_v the_o first_o whereof_o that_o i_o can_v find_v be_v anno_fw-la 1545._o and_o we_o shall_v be_v inform_v that_o the_o trade_n of_o england_n then_o be_v inconsiderable_a and_o the_o merchant_n very_o mean_a and_o few_o and_o that_o afterward_o viz._n anno_fw-la 1635._o within_o ten_o year_n after_o interest_n be_v bring_v down_o to_o eight_o per_fw-la cent_z there_o be_v more_o merchant_n to_o be_v find_v upon_o the_o exchange_n worth_n each_o one_o thousand_o pound_n and_o upward_o than_o be_v in_o the_o former_a day_n viz._n before_o the_o year_n 1600._o to_o be_v find_v worth_n one_o hundred_o pound_n each_o and_o now_o since_o interest_n have_v be_v for_o about_o twenty_o year_n at_o six_o per_fw-la cent_z notwithstanding_o our_o long_a civil_a war_n and_o the_o great_a complaint_n of_o the_o deadness_n of_o trade_n there_o be_v more_o man_n to_o be_v find_v upon_o the_o exchange_n now_o worth_a ten_o thousand_o pound_n estate_n than_o be_v then_o of_o one_o thousand_o pound_n and_o if_o this_o be_v doubt_v let_v we_o ask_v the_o age_a whether_o five_o hundred_o
in_o england_n because_o he_o can_v make_v above_o three_o per_fw-mi cent_z of_o it_o upon_o interest_n at_o home_n but_o if_o they_o shall_v call_v home_o all_o the_o money_n they_o have_v with_o we_o at_o interest_n it_o will_v be_v better_o for_o we_o than_o if_o they_o do_v it_o not_o for_o the_o borrower_n be_v always_o a_o slave_n to_o the_o lender_n and_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o be_v always_o keep_v poor_a while_o the_o other_o be_v fat_a and_o full_a he_o that_o use_v a_o stock_n that_o be_v none_o of_o his_o own_o be_v force_v for_o the_o uphold_v his_o reputation_n to_o live_v to_o the_o full_a if_o not_o above_o the_o proportion_n of_o what_o he_o do_v so_o use_v while_o the_o lender_n possese_v much_o and_o use_v little_a or_o none_o live_v only_a at_o the_o charge_n of_o what_o he_o use_v and_o not_o of_o what_o he_o have_v beside_o if_o with_o this_o law_n for_o abatement_n of_o interest_n a_o law_n for_o transfer_v bill_n of_o debt_n shall_v pass_v we_o shall_v not_o miss_v the_o dutch_a money_n be_v it_o ten_o time_n as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v among_o we_o for_o that_o such_o a_o law_n will_v certain_o supply_v the_o the_o defect_n of_o at_o least_o one_o half_a of_o all_o the_o ready_a money_n we_o have_v in_o use_n in_o the_o nation_n object_n 2._o if_o interest_n be_v abate_v land_n must_v rise_v in_o purchase_n and_o consequent_o rent_n and_o if_o rent_n than_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o land_n and_o so_o all_o thing_n will_v be_v dear_a and_o how_o shall_v the_o poor_a live_v etc._n etc._n answ._n to_o this_o i_o say_v if_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o fruit_n of_o our_o land_n in_o consequence_n of_o such_o a_o law_n for_o abatement_n of_o interest_n grow_v general_o dear_a it_o be_v a_o evident_a demonstration_n that_o our_o people_n grow_v rich_a for_o general_o wherever_o provision_n be_v for_o continuance_n of_o year_n dear_a in_o any_o country_n the_o people_n be_v rich_a and_o where_o they_o be_v most_o cheap_a throughout_o the_o world_n for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o people_n be_v very_o poor_a and_o for_o our_o own_o poor_a in_o england_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o they_o live_v better_o in_o the_o dear_a country_n for_o provision_n than_o in_o the_o cheap_a and_o better_a in_o a_o dear_a year_n than_o in_o a_o cheap_a especial_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o public_a good_a for_o that_o in_o a_o cheap_a year_n they_o will_v not_o work_v above_o two_o day_n in_o a_o week_n their_o humour_n be_v such_o that_o they_o will_v not_o provide_v for_o a_o hard_a time_n but_o just_a work_n so_o much_o and_o no_o more_o as_o may_v maintain_v they_o in_o that_o mean_a condition_n to_o which_o they_o have_v be_v accustom_v object_n 3._o if_o interest_n be_v abate_v usurer_n will_v call_v in_o their_o money_n so_o what_o shall_v gentleman_n do_v who_o estate_n be_v mortgage_v etc._n etc._n answ._n i_o answer_v that_o when_o they_o know_v they_o can_v make_v no_o more_o of_o their_o money_n by_o take_v out_o of_o one_o and_o put_v it_o in_o another_o hand_n they_o will_v not_o be_v so_o forward_o as_o they_o threaten_v to_o alter_v that_o security_n they_o know_v be_v good_a for_o another_o that_o may_v be_v bad_a or_o if_o they_o shall_v do_v it_o our_o law_n be_v not_o so_o severe_a but_o that_o gentleman_n may_v take_v time_n to_o dispose_v of_o part_n of_o their_o land_n which_o immediate_o after_o such_o a_o law_n will_v yield_v they_o thirty_o yeaâ—s_n purchase_v at_o least_o and_o much_o better_a it_o be_v for_o they_o so_o to_o do_v than_o to_o abide_v long_o under_o that_o consume_a plague_n of_o usury_n which_o have_v insensible_o destroy_v very_o many_o of_o the_o best_a family_n in_o england_n as_o well_o of_o our_o nobility_n as_o gentry_n object_n 4._o as_o interest_n be_v now_o at_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n the_o king_n majesty_n upon_o any_o emergency_n can_v hardly_o be_v supply_v and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v reduce_v to_o four_o per_fw-la cent_n how_o shall_v the_o king_n find_v a_o considerable_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o be_v lend_v he_o by_o his_o people_n answ._n i_o answer_v the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n to_o the_o people_n be_v the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n to_o the_o king_n when_o he_o have_v occasion_n to_o take_v up_o money_n for_o what_o be_v borrow_v of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n or_o other_o body_n politic_a nothing_o can_v be_v demand_v but_o the_o legal_a interest_n and_o if_o the_o king_n have_v occasion_n to_o take_v up_o money_n of_o private_a person_n be_v his_o majesty_n according_a to_o good_a right_n be_v above_o the_o common_a course_n of_o law_n the_o king_n must_v and_o always_o have_v give_v more_o than_o the_o legal_a rate_n as_o for_o instance_n the_o legal_a rate_n be_v now_o six_o per_n cent_n but_o his_o majesty_n or_o such_o as_o have_v dispose_v of_o his_o majesty_n exchequer-tally_n have_v be_v say_v to_o give_v ten_o and_o twelve_o in_o some_o case_n and_o if_o the_o legal_a rate_n be_v ten_o his_o majesty_n may_v probable_o give_v thirteen_o or_o fourteen_o so_o if_o interest_n be_v bring_v to_o four_o per_fw-la cent_n his_o majesty_n in_o such_o case_n as_o he_o now_o give_v ten_o must_v give_v six_o or_o seven_o by_o which_o his_o majesty_n will_v have_v a_o clear_a advantage_n object_n 5._o if_o interest_n be_v abate_v it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a prejudice_n to_o widow_n and_o orphan_n who_o have_v not_o knowledge_n and_o ability_n to_o improve_v their_o estate_n otherwise_o answ._n i_o answer_v that_o by_o our_o law_n now_o heir_n and_o orphan_n can_v recover_v no_o interest_n from_o their_o parent_n executor_n except_o it_o be_v leave_v full_o and_o absolute_o to_o the_o executor_n to_o dispose_v and_o put_v out_o money_n at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o executor_n for_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o orphan_n and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o leave_v to_o the_o exccutors_n discretion_n they_o may_v improve_v the_o money_n leave_v they_o in_o trade_n or_o purchase_v of_o land_n and_o lease_n as_o well_o as_o by_o interest_n or_o when_o not_o the_o damage_n such_o heir_n and_o orphan_n will_v sustain_v in_o their_o minority_n be_v but_o two_o per_fw-la cent_n be_v inconsiderable_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o great_a advantage_n will_v accrue_v to_o the_o nation_n in_o generel_n by_o such_o abatement_n of_o interest_n beside_o when_o such_o a_o law_n be_v make_v and_o in_o use_n all_o man_n will_v so_o take_v care_n in_o their_o life_n to_o provide_v for_o and_o educate_v their_o child_n and_o instruct_v their_o wife_n as_o that_o no_o prejudice_n can_v happen_v thereby_o as_o we_o see_v there_o do_v not_o in_o holland_n and_o italy_n and_o other_o place_n where_o interest_n be_v so_o low_a have_v now_o offer_v my_o thought_n in_o answer_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a objection_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o that_o we_o inquire_v who_o will_v be_v advantage_v and_o who_o will_v receive_v prejudice_n in_o case_n such_o a_o law_n be_v make_v first_o his_o majesty_n as_o have_v be_v say_v in_o answer_n to_o that_o objection_n will_n when_o he_o have_v occasion_n take_v up_o money_n on_o better_a term_n beside_o which_o he_o will_v receive_v a_o great_a augmentation_n to_o his_o revenue_n thereby_o all_o his_o land_n be_v immediate_o worth_a after_o the_o make_v such_o a_o law_n double_a to_o what_o they_o be_v before_o his_o custom_n will_v be_v much_o increase_v by_o the_o increase_n of_o trade_n which_o must_v necessary_o ensue_v upon_o the_o make_v such_o a_o law_n the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n who_o estate_n he_o most_o in_o land_n may_v present_o upon_o all_o they_o have_v instead_o of_o fifty_o write_v one_o hundred_o the_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n who_o bear_v the_o heat_n and_o burden_n of_o the_o day_n most_o of_o our_o trade_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o young_a man_n that_o take_v up_o money_n at_o interest_n will_v find_v their_o yoke_n sit_v light_a upon_o their_o shoulder_n and_o be_v encourage_v to_o go_v on_o with_o great_a alacrity_n in_o their_o business_n our_o mariner_n shipwright_n porter_n cloathier_n packer_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o labour_a people_n that_o depend_v on_o trade_n will_v be_v more_o constant_o and_o full_o employ_v our_o farmer_n sell_v the_o product_n of_o their_o land_n at_o better_a rate_n and_o whereas_o our_o neighbour_n the_o netherlander_n who_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o largeness_n of_o their_o stock_n and_o experience_n the_o son_n continual_o succeed_v the_o father_n in_o trade_n to_o many_o generation_n we_o may_v not_o unfit_o in_o this_o case_n term_v son_n of_o anach_n and_o man_n of_o renown_n against_o who_o we_o fight_v dwarf_n and_o pigmy_n in_o stock_n and_o experience_n be_v young_a brother_n of_o gentleman_n that_o seldom_o have_v
supplement_n the_o foregoing_a discourse_n i_o write_v in_o the_o sickness-summer_n at_o my_o country-habitation_n not_o then_o intend_v to_o publish_v it_o but_o only_o to_o communicate_v it_o to_o some_o honourable_a and_o ingenious_a friend_n of_o the_o present_a parliament_n who_o be_v please_v to_o take_v copy_n of_o it_o for_o their_o own_o deliberate_a consideration_n and_o digestion_n of_o the_o principle_n therein_o assert_v which_o at_o first_o be_v strange_a to_o they_o as_o i_o expect_v they_o will_v be_v to_o most_o other_o till_o they_o have_v spend_v some_o time_n in_o think_v on_o they_o after_o which_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o all_o man_n will_v be_v convince_v of_o the_o truâ—h_n of_o they_o that_o have_v not_o some_o private_a interest_n of_o heir_n own_o against_o they_o external_a to_o the_o general_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o sure_o i_o be_o they_o have_v a_o foundation_n in_o nature_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o excellent_a sir_n william_n petty_n observation_n in_o his_o late_a discourse_n concern_v tax_n res_fw-la nolune_n male_a administrare_fw-la nature_n must_v and_o will_v have_v its_o course_n the_o matter_n in_o england_n be_v prepare_v for_o a_o abatement_n of_o interest_n and_o it_o can_v long_o be_v obstruct_v and_o after_o the_o next_o abatement_n who_o ever_o live_v forty_o year_n long_o shall_v see_v a_o second_o abatement_n for_o we_o shall_v never_o stand_v on_o even_a ground_n in_o trade_n with_o the_o dutch_a till_o interest_n be_v the_o same_o with_o we_o as_o it_o be_v with_o they_o his_o majesty_n be_v gracious_o please_v at_o the_o open_n of_o the_o last_o session_n of_o this_o parliament_n to_o propose_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o both_o house_n the_o balance_a of_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o effect_v which_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n be_v the_o first_o and_o principal_a engine_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v set_v on_o work_n which_o notwithstanding_o i_o shall_v not_o have_v presume_v to_o expose_v it_o to_o public_a censure_n on_o my_o own_o single_a opinion_n if_o i_o have_v not_o have_v the_o concurrence_n of_o much_o better_a judgement_n than_o my_o own_o have_v never_o see_v any_o thing_n in_o print_n for_o it_o though_o much_o against_o it_o until_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o january_n last_o at_o which_o time_n a_o friend_n who_o i_o have_v often_o discourse_v with_o upon_o this_o subject_n meet_v with_o by_o accident_n a_o small_a tract_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n write_v near_o fifty_o year_n ago_o which_o he_o give_v i_o and_o i_o have_v for_o public_a good_a think_v fit_a to_o annex_v it_o hereunto_o verbatim_o the_o author_n of_o the_o say_v tract_n by_o the_o stile_n thereof_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o country_n gentleman_n and_o my_o education_n have_v most_o be_v that_o of_o a_o merchant_n so_o i_o hope_v that_o go_v together_o they_o may_v in_o some_o measure_n supply_v the_o defect_n of_o each_o other_o another_o reason_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o to_o the_o print_n of_o they_o together_o be_v because_o what_o he_o write_v then_o will_v be_v the_o consequence_n of_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n from_o ten_o to_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n i_o have_v i_o think_v full_o prove_v to_o the_o conviction_n of_o all_o man_n not_o wilful_o blind_a have_v be_v the_o real_a effect_n thereof_o and_o that_o to_o a_o great_a proportion_n than_o he_o do_v premise_v every_o paragraph_n whereof_o be_v write_v by_o i_o and_o copy_n thereof_o deliver_v to_o several_a worthy_a member_n of_o this_o parliament_n many_o month_n before_o ever_o i_o see_v or_o hear_v of_o this_o or_o any_o thing_n else_o write_v or_o print_v to_o the_o like_a purpose_n what_o i_o have_v aim_v at_o in_o the_o whole_a be_v the_o good_a of_o my_o native_a country_n otherwise_o i_o have_v not_o busy_v myself_o about_o it_o for_o i_o want_v not_o employment_n sufficient_a of_o my_o own_o nor_o have_v reason_n to_o be_v out_o of_o love_n with_o that_o i_o have_v the_o several_a particular_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o treatise_n relate_v to_o trade_n i_o have_v only_o hint_v in_o general_a term_n hope_v that_o some_o able_a pen_n will_v hereafter_o be_v incite_v for_o the_o service_n of_o his_o king_n and_o country_n to_o enlarge_v more_o particular_o upon_o they_o before_o i_o conclude_v though_o i_o have_v study_v brevity_n in_o the_o whole_a i_o can_v omit_v the_o insert_v of_o one_o objection_n more_o which_o i_o have_v late_o meet_v with_o to_o the_o main_a design_n of_o this_o treatise_n viz._n object_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n of_o money_n in_o holland_n be_v not_o the_o effect_n of_o law_n but_o proceed_v only_a from_z their_o abundance_n thereof_o for_o that_o in_o holland_n there_o be_v no_o law_n limit_v the_o rate_n of_o usury_n answ._n i_o answer_v that_o it_o may_v be_v true_a that_o in_o holland_n there_o have_v not_o late_o be_v any_o law_n to_o limit_v usury_n to_o the_o present_a rate_n it_o be_v now_o at_o i._n e._n three_o or_o four_o per_fw-la cent_n although_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o many_o year_n since_o there_o be_v a_o law_n that_o do_v limit_v it_o to_o five_o or_o six_o at_o most_o and_o by_o consequence_n there_o will_v be_v a_o renew_n of_o that_o law_n to_o a_o lesser_a rate_n be_v it_o necessary_a at_o this_o time_n it_o have_v always_o be_v the_o policy_n of_o that_o people_n to_o keep_v down_o the_o interest_n of_o their_o money_n three_o or_o four_o per_fw-la cent_n under_o the_o rate_n of_o what_o be_v usual_o pay_v in_o their_o neighbour_a country_n which_o be_v now_o natural_o do_v it_o be_v needless_a to_o use_v the_o artificial_a stratagem_n of_o a_o law_n to_o establish_v answ._n 2._o although_o they_o have_v no_o law_n express_o limit_v interest_n at_o present_a yet_o they_o have_v other_o law_n which_o we_o can_v yet_o arrive_v to_o which_o do_v effect_v the_o same_o thing_n among_o they_o and_o will_v do_v the_o like_a among_o we_o if_o we_o can_v have_v they_o one_o whereof_o be_v their_o ascertain_v real_a security_n by_o their_o public_a register_n for_o we_o see_v evident_o money_n be_v not_o so_o much_o want_v in_o england_n as_o security_n which_o man_n account_v infallible_a a_o remarkable_a instance_n whereof_o be_v the_o east-india-company_n who_o can_v and_o do_v take_v up_o what_o money_n they_o please_v for_o four_o per_fw-la cent_n at_o any_o time_n another_o law_n be_v their_o constitution_n of_o bank_n and_o lumbards_n whereby_o private_a person_n that_o have_v but_o tolerable_a credit_n may_v be_v supply_v at_o easy_a rate_n from_o the_o state_n a_o three_o and_o very_o considerable_a one_o be_v their_o law_n for_o transfer_v bill_n of_o debt_n mention_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o discourse_n a_o four_o which_o be_v a_o custom_n and_o in_o effect_n may_v be_v here_o to_o our_o purpose_n account_v as_o a_o law_n be_v the_o extraordinary_a frugality_n use_v in_o all_o their_o public_a affair_n which_o in_o their_o great_a extremity_n have_v be_v such_o as_o not_o to_o compel_v they_o to_o give_v above_o four_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o loan_n of_o money_n whereas_o it_o be_v say_v his_o majesty_n in_o some_o case_n of_o exigency_n when_o the_o national_a supply_n have_v not_o come_v in_o to_o answer_v the_o present_a emergency_n of_o affair_n have_v be_v enforce_v to_o give_v above_o the_o usual_a rate_n to_o goldsmith_n and_o that_o encourage_v they_o to_o take_v up_o great_a sum_n from_o private_a person_n at_o the_o full_a rate_n of_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n whereas_o former_o they_o usul_o give_v but_o four_o per_fw-la cent_n otherwise_o in_o (null)_o probability_n money_n will_v have_v fall_v of_o itself_o to_o four_o per_fw-la cent_n but_o again_o to_o conclude_v every_o nation_n do_v proceed_v according_a to_o peculiar_a method_n of_o their_o own_o in_o the_o transaction_n of_o their_o public_a affair_n and_o law-making_a and_o in_o this_o kingdom_n it_o have_v always_o be_v the_o custom_n to_o reduce_v the_o rate_n of_o interest_n by_o a_o law_n when_o nature_n have_v prepare_v the_o matter_n fit_a for_o such_o a_o alteration_n as_o now_o i_o say_v it_o have_v by_o a_o law_n it_o be_v reduce_v from_o a_o unlimited_a rate_n to_o ten_o and_o afterward_o from_o ten_o to_o eight_o after_o that_o from_o eight_o to_o six_o and_o through_o the_o blessing_n of_o almighty_n god_n this_o kingdom_n have_v find_v as_o i_o think_v i_o have_v full_o prove_v and_o every_o man_n experience_n will_v witness_v prodigious_a success_n and_o advantage_n thereby_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o through_o the_o like_a blessing_n of_o god_n almighty_n but_o this_o generation_n will_v find_v the_o like_a great_a and_o good_a effect_n by_o the_o reduction_n of_o it_o from_o six_o to_o four_o which_o be_v now_o at_o
be_v former_o that_o money_n double_v once_o in_o seven_o year_n at_o 10_o per_fw-mi cent_z according_a to_o which_o rule_n 100_o l._n in_o seventy_o year_n amount_n to_o 102400_o l._n one_o hundred_o pound_n at_o ten_o pound_n per_fw-la cent_z per_fw-la annum_fw-la at_o interest_n upon_o interest_n increase_v thus_o viz._n  _fw-fr l._n s._n d._n at_o first_o 100_o 00_o 00_o at_o 3_o month_n it_o be_v 102_o 10_o 00_o at_o 6_o month_n 105_o 1_o 03_o at_o 9_o month_n 107_o 13_o 9_o at_o 12_o month_n 110_o 07_o 7_o at_o 1_o year_n ¼_n 113_o 02_o 9_o at_o 1_o year_n ½_n 115_o 19_o 4_o at_o 1_o year_n ¾_n 118_o 17_o 4_o at_o 2_o year_n 121_o 16_o 9_o at_o 2_o year_n ¼_n 124_o 17_o 8_o at_o 2_o year_n ½_n 128_o 00_o 1_o at_o 2_o year_n ¾_n 131_o 4_o 1_o at_o 3_o year_n 134_o 9_o 9_o at_o 3_o year_n ¼_n 137_o 17_o 0_o at_o 3_o year_n ½_n 141_o 5_o 10_o at_o 3_o year_n ¾_n 144_o 16_o 6_o at_o 4_o year_n 148_o 8_o 11_o at_o 4_o year_n ¼_n 152_o 3_o 1_o at_o 4_o year_n ½_n 155_o 19_o 2_o at_o 4_o year_n ¾_n 159_o 17_o 2_o at_o 5_o year_n 163_o 17_o 1_o at_o 5_o year_n ¼_n 167_o 19_o 0_o at_o 5_o year_n ½_n 172_o 3_o 0_o at_o 5_o year_n ¼_n 176_o 9_o 1_o at_o 6_o year_n 180_o 17_o 3_o at_o 6_o year_n ¼_n 185_o 7_o 9_o at_o 6_o year_n ½_n 190_o 5_o 0_o at_o 6_o year_n â—_o 4_o 194_o 15_o 5_o at_o 7_o year_n 199_o 12_o 10_o suppose_v one_o hundred_o pound_n to_o double_a in_o seven_o year_n at_o interest_n upon_o interest_n as_o aforesaid_a the_o increase_n be_v viz._n  _fw-fr l._n at_o first_o 100_o at_o 7_o year_n 200_o at_o 14_o year_n 400_o at_o 21_o year_n 800_o at_o 28_o year_n 1600_o at_o 35_o year_n 3200_o at_o 42_o year_n 6400_o at_o 49_o year_n 12800_o at_o 56_o year_n 25600_o at_o 63_o year_n 51200_o at_o 70_o year_n 102400_o pag._n 13._o he_o say_v that_o i_o make_v use_n of_o the_o abuse_n of_o interest_n which_o no_o man_n plead_v for_o annex_v a_o discourse_n against_o interest_n write_v in_o 1621._o when_o it_o be_v at_o 10_o per_fw-mi cent_z endeavour_v thereby_o to_o impose_v a_o belief_n that_o the_o gentleman_n who_o write_v that_o discourse_n be_v of_o my_o mind_n whereas_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v the_o author_n of_o that_o book_n be_v content_v with_o 8_o per_fw-mi cent_z because_o within_o four_o year_n after_o it_o be_v bring_v down_o to_o that_o rate_n and_o that_o otherwise_o he_o will_v have_v write_v further_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o may_v live_v till_o after_o four_o year_n i_o answer_v that_o through_o the_o mercy_n of_o almighty_a god_n and_o for_o the_o good_a of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o patriot_n of_o his_o country_n old_a sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n who_o i_o have_v since_o be_v assure_v be_v the_o author_n of_o that_o treatise_n do_v live_v above_o twenty_o year_n after_o the_o write_n thereof_o and_o then_o publish_v a_o second_o treatise_n which_o be_v late_o reprint_v by_o his_o worthy_a son_n which_o second_o treatise_n be_v now_o to_o be_v have_v at_o mr_n wilkinson_n over_o against_o st_n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n which_o i_o will_v advise_v my_o opposer_n to_o read_v and_o then_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v be_v more_o modest_a hereafter_o then_o to_o miscall_a the_o most_o natural_a and_o rational_a conclusion_n imposings_n but_o lest_o he_o shall_v not_o meet_v with_o the_o say_a treatise_n i_o shall_v here_o insert_v a_o few_o line_n out_o of_o it_o to_o the_o present_a purpose_n viz._n old_a sir_n thomas_n speak_v of_o the_o certain_a good_a effect_n of_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n from_o 10_o to_o 8_o per_fw-mi cent_z pag._n 19_o of_o his_o second_o treatise_n say_v this_o good_a success_n do_v call_v upon_o we_o not_o to_o rest_v here_o but_o that_o we_o bring_v the_o use_n for_o money_n to_o a_o low_a rate_n which_o now_o i_o suppose_v will_v find_v no_o opposition_n for_o all_o objection_n which_o before_o the_o statute_n be_v make_v against_o it_o be_v now_o answer_v by_o the_o success_n &_o most_o certain_o the_o benefit_n will_v be_v much_o great_a to_o the_o common_a wealth_n by_o call_v the_o use_n for_o money_n down_o from_o 8_o to_o 5_o or_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z than_o it_o be_v from_o call_v it_o down_o from_o 10_o to_o 8_o per_fw-la cent._n i_o shall_v not_o comment_v upon_o his_o word_n but_o only_o declare_v that_o in_o truth_n i_o never_o hear_v of_o this_o treatise_n noâ—_n of_o any_o other_o to_o the_o like_a effect_n when_o i_o write_v i_o pag._n 13._o the_o gentleman_n bâ—ings_v up_o his_o battalion_n and_o like_o a_o stout_a champion_n for_o the_o sly_a and_o timorous_a heard-of_a usurer_n plant_n his_o main_a battery_n against_o that_o part_n which_o i_o confess_v to_o be_v weak_a viz._n that_o the_o difficulty_n of_o this_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n be_v the_o cause_n or_o the_o effect_n of_o riches_n and_o he_o positive_o deny_v that_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n be_v the_o cause_n &_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v only_o the_o effect_n thereof_o which_o he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v by_o four_o argument_n which_o i_o shall_v particular_o answer_v in_o a_o due_a place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n use_v my_o own_o method_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n by_o a_o law_n in_o england_n will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o improve_v the_o riches_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o i_o prove_v it_o thus_o 1._o whatever_o do_v advance_v the_o value_n of_o land_n in_o purchase_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 2._o whatever_o do_v improve_v the_o rent_n of_o farm_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 3._o whatever_o do_v increase_v the_o bulk_n of_o foreign_a trade_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 4._o whatever_o do_v multiply_v domestic_a artificer_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 5._o whatever_o do_v incline_v the_o nation_n to_o thriftiness_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 6._o whatever_o do_v employ_v the_o poor_a must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 7._o whatever_o do_v increase_v the_o stock_n of_o people_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n now_o that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n will_v advance_v the_o value_n of_o land_n i_o prove_v first_o by_o experience_n for_o certain_o anno_fw-la 1621._o the_o currant_n price_n of_o our_o land_n in_o england_n be_v twelve_o year_n purchase_v and_o so_o i_o have_v be_v assure_v by_o many_o ancient_a man_n who_o i_o have_v query_v particular_o as_o to_o this_o matter_n and_o i_o find_v it_o so_o by_o purchase_n make_v about_o that_o time_n by_o my_o own_o relation_n and_o acquaintance_n and_o i_o presume_v that_o any_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n of_o england_n by_o only_o command_v the_o steward_n of_o their_o manor_n to_o give_v they_o list_n out_o of_o the_o record_n of_o any_o manor_n or_o farm_n that_o their_o grandfather_n or_o father_n buy_v or_o sell_v fifty_o year_n past_a will_v find_v that_o the_o same_o farm_n to_o be_v now_o sell_v will_v yield_v one_o with_o another_o at_o least_o treble_a the_o money_n and_o in_o some_o case_n six_o time_n the_o money_n they_o be_v then_o buy_v and_o sell_v for_o which_o i_o submit_v still_o to_o the_o single_a and_o joint_a judgement_n of_o the_o honourable_a member_n of_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n who_o be_v the_o great_a owner_n of_o our_o territory_n be_v in_o their_o private_a as_o well_o as_o in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n the_o most_o proper_a and_o experimental_a judge_n of_o this_o case_n if_o the_o ancient_n of_o they_o will_v please_v to_o recollect_v their_o memory_n and_o the_o young_a will_v please_v to_o be_v inform_v by_o their_o elder_a servant_n and_o if_o this_o be_v so_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n by_o a_o law_n have_v great_o advance_v land_n in_o purchase_n as_o well_o as_o improve_v rent_n by_o meliorate_n the_o land_n themselves_o those_o improvement_n by_o marling_n lime_a drain_n etc._n etc._n have_v be_v make_v since_o money_n be_v at_o 8_o and_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n which_o 10_o per_fw-la cent_n can_v not_o bear_v and_o to_o prove_v that_o land_n be_v then_o at_o twelve_o year_n purchase_v i_o have_v the_o write_a testimony_n of_o that_o incomparable_a worthy_a person_n sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n senior_n who_o page_z 11._o of_o his_o first_o treatise_n express_o affirm_v that_o land_n be_v then_o at_o twelve_o year_n purchase_v who_o be_v himself_o a_o grave_n and_o ancient_a parliament_n man_n and_o dedicate_a his_o book_n to_o the_o then_o parliament_n whereof_o he_o be_v then_o a_o member_n can_v without_o horrible_a uncharitableness_n be_v presume_v
buyer_n will_v raise_v the_o price_n of_o land_n if_o they_o trade_v they_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o trader_n and_o consequent_o the_o bulk_n of_o trade_n and_o let_v their_o money_n lie_v dead_a by_o they_o i_o think_v i_o have_v full_o prove_v they_o can_v in_o a_o addition_n i_o publish_v to_o my_o first_o observation_n 4._o by_o reason_n for_o first_o whilst_o interest_n be_v at_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z no_o man_n will_v run_v a_o adventure_n to_o sea_n for_o the_o gain_n of_o 8_o or_o 9_o per_fw-mi cent_z which_o the_o dutch_a have_v money_n at_o 4_o or_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_z at_o interest_n be_v content_v with_o and_o therefore_o can_v and_o do_v follow_v a_o vast_a trade_n in_o salt_n from_o st_n vuall_a rochel_n and_o other_o part_n to_o the_o baltiquâ—_n sea_n and_o also_o their_o fish_n trade_n for_o herring_n and_o whale-fishing_a which_o we_o neglect_v as_o be_v not_o worth_a our_o trouble_n and_o hazard_n while_o we_o can_v make_v 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z of_o our_o money_n sleep_v for_o the_o measure_n of_o money_n employ_v in_o trade_n in_o any_o nation_n bear_v a_o exact_a proportion_n to_o the_o interest_n pay_v for_o money_n as_o for_o instance_n when_o money_n be_v at_o 10_o per_fw-mi cent_z in_o england_n no_o man_n in_o his_o wit_n will_v follow_v any_o trade_n whereby_o he_o do_v not_o promise_v himself_o 14_o or_o 12_o per_fw-la cent_z gain_n at_o least_o when_o interest_n be_v at_o 8_o the_o hope_n of_o 12_o or_o 10_o at_o least_o be_v necessary_a as_o 8_o or_o 9_o per_fw-mi cent_z be_v now_o interest_n go_v at_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z the_o infallible_a consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o the_o trade_n before_o recite_v as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o muscovy_n and_o greenland_n and_o so_o much_o at_o least_o of_o all_o other_o that_o will_v not_o afford_v we_o a_o clear_a profit_n of_o 8_o or_o 9_o per_fw-mi cent_z we_o careless_o give_v away_o to_o the_o dutch_a and_o must_v do_v so_o forever_o unless_o we_o bring_v our_o interest_n near_o to_o a_o par_fw-fr with_o they_o and_o hence_o in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n it_o follow_v very_o clear_o that_o if_o our_o interest_n be_v abate_v one_o three_o part_n it_o will_v occasion_v the_o employment_n of_o one_o three_o part_n more_o of_o man_n ship_n and_o stock_n in_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a trade_n this_o discover_v the_o vanity_n of_o all_o our_o attempt_n for_o gain_v of_o the_o white-herring_n fishing-trade_n of_o which_o the_o dutch_a as_o every_o body_n observe_v make_v wonderful_a great_a advantage_n though_o the_o fish_n be_v take_v upon_o our_o own_o coast_n i_o wish_v as_o many_o do_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o which_o therefore_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o now_o though_o i_o have_v touch_v it_o in_o my_o former_a treatise_n the_o plain_a case_n be_v this_o a_o dutchman_n will_v be_v content_a to_o employ_v a_o stock_n of_o 5_o or_o 10000_o l._n in_o burse_v material_n for_o fish_v victual_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o carry_v on_o of_o this_o trade_n and_o if_o at_o the_o wind_a up_o of_o his_o account_n he_o find_v he_o have_v get_v clear_a communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la for_o his_o stock_n and_o adventure_n 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z per_fw-la annum_fw-la he_o thank_v god_n and_o tell_v his_o neighbour_n he_o have_v have_v a_o thrive_a trade_n now_o while_o every_o slothful_a ignorant_a man_n with_o we_o that_o have_v but_o wit_n enough_o to_o tell_v out_o his_o money_n to_o a_o gold_n smith_n can_v get_v 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z without_o pain_n or_o care_n be_v it_o not_o monstrous_a absurd_a to_o imagine_v that_o ever_o the_o english_a will_v do_v aâ—y_o good_a upon_o this_o trade_n till_o they_o begin_v at_o the_o right_a end_n which_o must_v be_v to_o reduce_v the_o interest_n of_o money_n second_o the_o deprave_a nature_n of_o man_n affect_v ease_n and_o pleasure_n while_o use_n of_o money_n run_v at_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z have_v always_o at_o hand_n a_o easy_a expedient_a to_o indulge_v that_o humour_n and_o reconcile_v it_o to_o another_o as_o considerable_a viz._n his_o covetousness_n by_o put_v his_o money_n to_o use_v and_o if_o a_o merchant_n through_o his_o youthful_a care_n and_o industry_n arrive_v to_o a_o estate_n of_o 20000_o l._n in_o twenty_o year_n trade_v whilst_o money_n be_v so_o high_a and_o land_n so_o low_a he_o can_v easy_o turn_v country_n gentleman_n or_o usurer_n which_o be_v interest_n of_o money_n at_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z he_o can_v not_o do_v and_o consequent_o must_v not_o only_o follow_v his_o trade_n himself_o but_o make_v his_o child_n trader_n also_o for_o to_o leave_v they_o money_n without_o skill_n to_o use_v it_o will_v advantage_v little_a and_o purchase_v of_o land_n less_o when_o the_o fall_n of_o interest_n shall_v raise_v they_o to_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o year_n purchase_v which_o i_o hope_v yet_o to_o live_v to_o see_v three_o from_o this_o necessity_n of_o merchant_n keep_v to_o their_o trade_n and_o child_n succeed_a their_o father_n therein_o will_v ensue_v to_o merchant_n great_a skill_n in_o trade_n more_o exact_a and_o certain_a correspondency_n sure_a &_o more_o trusty_a factor_n abroad_o &_o those_o better_o acquaint_v &_o concatinate_v together_o by_o the_o experimental_a link_n of_o each_o other_o humour_n style_n estate_n and_o business_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o a_o prudent_a man_n can_v do_v in_o ten_o year_n time_n after_o his_o settle_n in_o london_n to_o be_v exact_o well_o fit_v with_o factor_n in_o all_o part_n and_o those_o by_o correspondency_n bring_v into_o a_o mutual_a acquaintance_n of_o each_o other_o and_o honest_a workman_n and_o master_n of_o ship_n etc._n etc._n and_o by_o that_o time_n he_o have_v trade_v ten_o year_n long_o if_o he_o succeed_v well_o it_o be_v six_o to_o one_o but_o he_o leave_v trade_n and_o turn_v country_n gentleman_n or_o usurer_n and_o so_o that_o profitable_a engine_n the_o wheel_n whereof_o by_o correspondency_n move_v one_o another_o in_o many_o part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o he_o have_v be_v so_o long_o a_o frame_n within_o a_o few_o year_n after_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o work_v well_o be_v break_v to_o piece_n and_o the_o benefit_n thereof_o to_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v ten_o time_n more_o than_o to_o he_o that_o make_v it_o be_v lose_v whereas_o in_o holland_n and_o italy_n where_o money_n be_v at_o 3_o and_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z and_o consequent_o merchant_n force_v to_o keep_v and_o trust_v to_o their_o trade_n only_o their_o business_n be_v and_o must_v be_v so_o order_v and_o carry_v on_o from_o the_o beginning_n that_o when_o a_o man_n die_v the_o trade_n be_v no_o more_o disturb_v then_o when_o the_o wife_n die_v in_o england_n i_o be_o ashamed_a of_o the_o odious_a prolixity_n and_o repetition_n i_o be_o contrary_a to_o my_o nature_n force_v to_o use_v but_o my_o opposer_n do_v so_o often_o and_o i_o think_v disingenuous_o upbraid_v i_o with_o beg_v the_o question_n that_o i_o be_o compel_v to_o it_o the_o four_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o prove_v be_v that_o it_o multiply_v domestic_a artificer_n if_o the_o former_a be_v true_a that_o it_o increase_v foreign_a trade_n i_o suppose_v no_o man_n will_v have_v the_o confidence_n to_o deny_v this_o to_o be_v a_o necessary_a and_o infallible_a consequence_n of_o that_o for_o we_o see_v throughout_o the_o world_n wherever_o there_o be_v the_o great_a trade_n there_o be_v the_o most_o artificer_n and_o that_o since_o our_o own_o trade_n increase_v in_o england_n our_o artificer_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v proportionable_o increase_v the_o building_n of_o london_n have_v make_v multitude_n of_o bricklayer_n and_o carpenter_n much_o use_n of_o ship_n will_v make_v ship_n dear_a and_o the_o dearness_n of_o ship_n will_v make_v many_o shipwright_n much_o foreign_a trade_n will_v increase_v the_o vent_n of_o our_o native_a manufacture_n and_o much_o vent_n will_v make_v many_o workman_n and_o if_o we_o can_v get_v and_o breed_v they_o fast_o enough_o ourselves_o we_o shall_v draw_v they_o from_o foreign_a part_n as_o the_o dutch_a draw_v away_o we_o it_o be_v a_o wise_a and_o true_a observation_n of_o as_o i_o remember_v sir_n walter_n raleigh_n that_o no_o nation_n can_v want_v people_n that_o have_v good_a law_n the_o five_o thing_n to_o be_v prove_v be_v that_o it_o incline_v a_o nation_n to_o thriftiness_n this_o be_v likewise_o consequent_a to_o the_o former_a and_o by_o experience_n make_v good_a in_o england_n for_o since_o our_o trade_n increase_v though_o the_o generality_n of_o our_o nation_n be_v grow_v rich_a as_o i_o have_v show_v and_o consequent_o more_o splendid_a in_o clothes_n plate_n jewel_n householdstuff_n and_o all_o other_o outward_a sign_n of_o riches_n yet_o be_v we_o not_o half_a so_o much_o give_v to_o hospitality_n and_o good_a housekeep_n
as_o it_o be_v call_v as_o in_o former_a day_n when_o our_o great_a expense_n be_v upon_o our_o belly_n the_o most_o destructive_a consumption_n that_o can_v happen_v to_o a_o nation_n and_o tend_v only_o to_o nourish_v idleness_n luxury_n and_o beggary_n whereas_o that_o other_o kind_n of_o expense_n which_o follow_v trade_n encourage_v labour_n art_n and_o invention_n to_o which_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o add_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n conjoynt_v with_o excise_n upon_o our_o home_n consumption_n if_o the_o late_a can_v be_v hit_v upon_o without_o disturbance_n to_o trade_n or_o danger_n of_o continuation_n be_v two_o of_o the_o most_o comprehensive_a and_o effectual_a sumptuary_n law_n that_o ever_o be_v establish_v in_o any_o nation_n and_o most_o necessitating_a and_o engage_v any_o people_n to_o thriftiness_n the_o high_a road_n to_o riches_n as_o well_o for_o nation_n as_o private_a family_n the_o frugal_a italian_n of_o old_a and_o the_o provident_a dutch_a of_o latter_a time_n i_o think_v have_v give_v the_o world_n a_o sufficient_a proof_n of_o this_o theorim_n and_o if_o any_o shall_v tell_v i_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o those_o people_n to_o be_v thrifty_a i_o answer_v all_o man_n by_o nature_n be_v alike_o it_o be_v only_a law_n custom_n and_o education_n that_o differ_v man_n their_o nature_n and_o disposition_n and_o the_o disposition_n of_o all_o people_n in_o the_o world_n proceed_v from_o their_o law_n the_o french_a peasantry_n be_v a_o slavish_a cowardly_a people_n because_o the_o law_n of_o their_o country_n have_v make_v they_o slave_n the_o french_a gentry_n a_o noble_a valiant_a people_n because_o free_a by_o law_n birth_n and_o education_n in_o england_n we_o be_v all_o free_a subject_n by_o our_o law_n and_o therefore_o our_o people_n prove_v general_o courageous_a the_o dutch_a and_o italian_n be_v both_o frugal_a nation_n though_o their_o climate_n and_o government_n differ_v as_o much_o as_o any_o because_o the_o law_n of_o both_o nation_n incline_v they_o to_o thriftiness_n other_o nation_n i_o can_v name_v be_v general_o vain_a &_o prodigal_a not_o by_o nature_n nor_o for_o want_v of_o a_o good_a country_n but_o because_o their_o law_n etc._n etc._n dispose_v they_o so_o to_o be_v the_o six_o proof_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v that_o it_o employ_v the_o poor_a which_o be_v a_o ne-necessary_a consequence_n likewise_o of_o the_o increase_n of_o trade_n in_o city_n and_o improvement_n of_o land_n in_o the_o country_n which_o be_v well_o and_o true_o demonstrate_v from_o experience_n by_o the_o elder_a and_o young_a sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n to_o who_o to_o avoid_v prolixity_n i_o must_v refer_v the_o reader_n seven_o it_o increase_v the_o people_n of_o a_o nation_n this_o also_o necessary_o follow_v the_o increase_n of_o trade_n and_o improvement_n of_o land_n not_o that_o it_o cause_v marry_v man_n to_o get_v more_o child_n but_o 1_o st_o a_o trade_a country_n afford_v comfortable_a subsistance_n to_o more_o family_n than_o a_o country_n destitute_a of_o trade_n be_v the_o reason_n that_o many_o do_v marry_v who_o otherwise_o must_v be_v force_v to_o live_v single_a which_o may_v be_v one_o reason_n why_o few_o people_n of_o either_o sex_n be_v to_o be_v see_v unmarried_a in_o holland_n at_o 25_o year_n of_o age_n then_o may_v be_v find_v in_o england_n at_o 40_o year_n old_a 2_o dly_z where_o there_o be_v much_o employment_n and_o good_a pay_n if_o we_o want_v hand_n of_o our_o own_o we_o shall_v draw_v they_o from_o other_o as_o have_v be_v say_v 3_o dly_z we_o shall_v keep_v our_o own_o people_n at_o home_n which_o otherwise_o for_o want_n of_o employment_n will_v be_v force_v to_o leave_v we_o and_o serve_v other_o nation_n as_o too_o many_o of_o our_o seaman_n shipwrights_a and_o other_o have_v do_v 4_o thly_a our_o land_n and_o trade_n be_v improve_v will_v render_v we_o capable_a not_o only_o of_o employ_v but_o feed_v a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o people_n as_o be_v manifest_a in_o that_o instance_n of_o the_o land_n of_o palestine_n and_o if_o these_o will_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o abate_v interest_n than_o i_o think_v it_o be_v out_o of_o doubt_n that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o any_o kingdom_n for_o quicquid_fw-la efficit_fw-la tale_n est_fw-la magis_fw-la tale_n now_o to_o answer_v his_o four_o recite_v reason_n viz._n first_o he_o say_v if_o a_o low_a state_v interest_n by_o law_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o riches_n no_o country_n will_v be_v poor_a all_o desire_a riches_n rather_o than_o poverty_n and_o all_o have_v it_o in_o their_o power_n to_o state_n their_o interest_n as_o low_a as_o they_o please_v by_o law_n i_o answer_v first_o whatever_o nation_n do_v it_o gradual_o for_o so_o it_o must_v be_v do_v as_o it_o have_v be_v hitherto_o in_o england_n 2_o per_fw-la cent_z being_n enough_o to_o abate_v at_o one_o time_n will_v find_v those_o effect_n i_o have_v mention_v but_o it_o be_v a_o work_n of_o age_n and_o can_v be_v do_v at_o once_o for_o nec_fw-la natura_fw-la aut_fw-la lex_fw-la operantur_fw-la per_fw-la saltum_fw-la second_o it_o be_v great_a imprudence_n to_o imagine_v that_o any_o country_n understand_v their_o true_a interest_n so_o well_o as_o by_o degree_n to_o abate_v use-money_n will_v not_o likewise_o by_o the_o same_o wisdom_n be_v lead_v to_o the_o institute_n of_o many_o other_o good_a law_n for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o trade_n as_o our_o parliament_n have_v still_o proceed_v to_o do_v as_o interest_n have_v be_v abate_v his_o second_o reason_n be_v that_o if_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n be_v not_o the_o effect_n of_o riches_n in_o holland_n they_o may_v take_v as_o much_o vse-money_n as_o they_o can_v get_v there_o be_v no_o law_n against_o it_o i_o answer_v there_o be_v former_o law_n in_o holland_n that_o reduce_v interest_n to_o 8_o and_o 6_o and_o afterward_o to_o 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z anno_fw-la 1640._o and_o since_o in_o the_o year_n 1655._o to_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z the_o placart_n for_o which_o i_o have_v see_v and_o have_v be_v tell_v and_o do_v believe_v they_o have_v since_o reduce_v it_o by_o placart_n to_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_z as_o to_o their_o cantor_n and_o all_o public_a receipt_n which_o in_o holland_n be_v as_o much_o in_o effect_n as_o if_o they_o have_v make_v a_o general_a law_n for_o it_o because_o the_o most_o of_o their_o receipt_n and_o payment_n be_v make_v in_o and_o out_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a public_a office_n or_o else_o into_o and_o out_o of_o their_o bank_n for_o which_o no_o use-money_n be_v allow_v which_o several_a gradual_a and_o successful_a abatement_n of_o interest_n do_v occasion_v their_o riches_n at_o first_o and_o bring_v their_o people_n to_o that_o consistency_n of_o wealth_n that_o they_o have_v since_o wrought_v themselves_o into_o such_o a_o abundance_n that_o there_o be_v more_o lender_n now_o than_a borrower_n and_o so_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v be_v with_o we_o in_o a_o few_o year_n after_o the_o next_o abatement_n of_o interest_n be_v make_v by_o law_n which_o i_o have_v good_a reason_n to_o conclude_v not_o only_o from_o the_o visible_a operation_n of_o nature_n in_o all_o other_o thing_n and_o place_n but_o from_o fact_n and_o experience_n in_o this_o very_a case_n be_v certain_a that_o the_o goldsmith_n in_o london_n can_v have_v what_o money_n they_o will_v upon_o their_o servant_n note_n only_o at_o 4_o l._n and_o 4_o l._n 10_o s._n per_fw-la cent_z before_o the_o late_a emergency_n of_o state_n which_o i_o can_v demonstrate_v have_v very_o much_o obstruct_v the_o natural_a fall_n of_o interest_n with_o we_o something_o more_o i_o have_v say_v in_o answer_n to_o this_o in_o the_o addition_n to_o my_o former_a treatise_n and_o this_o may_v serve_v likewise_o for_o a_o answer_n to_o his_o three_o reason_n four_o he_o say_v that_o which_o i_o must_v prove_v to_o make_v good_a my_o assertion_n be_v that_o any_o country_n in_o the_o world_n from_o a_o poor_a and_o low_a condition_n while_o interest_n be_v at_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z be_v make_v rich_a by_o bring_v it_o to_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z or_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_z by_o a_o law_n i_o answer_v if_o the_o instance_n of_o holland_n and_o italy_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v he_o in_o this_o point_n yet_o that_o have_v prove_v which_o he_o can_v deny_v that_o our_o own_o kingdom_n have_v be_v enrich_v consequent_o constant_o and_o proportionable_o to_o and_o after_o our_o several_a abatement_n of_o interest_n by_o law_n from_o a_o unlimited_a rate_n to_o 10_o from_z 10_o to_z â—_o and_z from_z 8_o to_z 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z i_o think_v it_o may_v rational_o be_v conclude_v that_o another_o abatement_n of_o interest_n in_o england_n will_v cause_v a_o further_a increase_n of_o
riches_n as_o it_o have_v do_v in_o holland_n from_o italy_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o gain_v a_o certain_a account_n of_o their_o legal_a interest_n but_o be_o advise_v that_o no_o take_n of_o use-money_n be_v allow_v by_o their_o pontificial_a law_n the_o interest_n now_o take_v there_o which_o be_v general_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z be_v do_v only_o by_o dispensation_n of_o pope_n paul_n the_o five_o and_o that_o notwithstanding_o no_o man_n can_v recover_v interest_n of_o money_n there_o if_o the_o party_n who_o shall_v pay_v it_o can_v prove_v he_o have_v not_o gain_v the_o value_n of_o the_o interest_n demand_v now_o let_v the_o reader_n judge_n whether_o that_o practice_n of_o holland_n and_o this_o of_o italy_n where_o the_o romish_a churchman_n have_v so_o great_a power_n who_o be_v to_o take_v cognizance_n and_o may_v by_o their_o auricular_a confessor_n of_o all_o offence_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o law_n concern_v the_o use_n of_o money_n in_o those_o country_n be_v pontificial_a do_v not_o amount_v in_o effect_n to_o a_o low_a state_v interest_n by_o law_n in_o england_n but_o to_o deal_v more_o ingenuous_o with_o my_o opposer_n than_o he_o have_v do_v with_o i_o i_o will_v grant_v he_o that_o much_o riches_n will_v occasion_v in_o any_o kingdom_n a_o low_a rate_n of_o interest_n and_o yet_o that_o do_v not_o hinder_v but_o a_o low_a state_v interest_n by_o law_n may_v be_v a_o cause_n of_o riches_n for_o if_o trade_n be_v that_o which_o enrich_v any_o kingdom_n and_o lower_v of_o interest_n advance_v trade_n which_o i_o think_v be_v sufficient_o prove_v then_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n or_o more_o proper_o restrain_v of_o usury_n which_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o all_o other_o wise_a and_o rich_a people_n in_o the_o world_n do_v always_o drive_v at_o be_v doubtless_o a_o primary_n and_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o any_o nation_n it_o be_v not_o improper_a to_o say_v nor_o absurd_a to_o conceive_v that_o the_o same_o thing_n may_v be_v both_o a_o cause_n and_o a_o effect_n peace_n beget_v plenty_n and_o plenty_n may_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o preserve_v peace_n fear_n beget_v hatred_n and_o hatred_n fear_v the_o diligent_a hand_n make_v rich_a and_o riches_n make_v man_n diligent_a so_o true_a be_v the_o proverb_n crescit_fw-la amor_fw-la nummi_fw-la quantum_fw-la ipsa_fw-la pecunia_fw-la erescit_fw-la love_n we_o say_v beget_v love_n the_o fertility_n of_o a_o country_n may_v cause_v the_o increase_n of_o people_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o people_n may_v cause_v the_o further_o and_o great_a fertility_n of_o a_o country_n liberty_n and_o property_n conduce_v to_o the_o increase_n of_o trade_n and_o improvement_n of_o any_o country_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o trade_n and_o emprovement_n conduce_v to_o the_o procure_n as_o well_o as_o secure_n of_o liberty_n and_o property_n strength_n and_o health_n conduce_v to_o a_o good_a digestion_n and_o a_o good_a digestion_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o health_n and_o increase_n of_o strength_n and_o as_o a_o person_n of_o very_a great_a honour_n pertinent_o instance_a at_o a_o late_a debate_n upon_o this_o question_n a_o egg_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o hen_n and_o a_o hen_n the_o cause_n of_o a_o egg._n the_o incomparable_a lord_n bacon_n in_o his_o history_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o say_v pag._n 245_o of_o that_o prince_n as_o well_o as_o other_o man_n that_o his_o fortune_n work_v upon_o his_o nature_n &_o his_o nature_n upon_o his_o fortune_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o nation_n the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n cause_v a_o increase_n of_o wealth_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o wealth_n may_v cause_v a_o further_a abatement_n of_o interest_n but_o that_o be_v best_a do_v by_o the_o midwifery_n of_o good_a law_n which_o be_v what_o i_o plead_v for_o the_o corrupt_a nature_n of_o man_n be_v more_o apt_a to_o decline_v to_o vice_n then_o incline_v to_o virtue_n folio_n 15._o he_o affirm_v land_n be_v not_o rise_v in_o purchase_n nor_o rent_n improve_v since_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n that_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o to_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n and_o gentleman_n who_o be_v the_o owner_n of_o land_n be_v the_o best_a judge_n of_o this_o case_n only_o i_o will_v entreat_v they_o not_o to_o depend_v upon_o their_o memory_n alone_o but_o to_o command_v particular_a account_n to_o be_v give_v they_o what_o sum_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n be_v give_v 40_o or_o 50_o year_n pass_v for_o any_o entire_a farm_n or_o manor_n they_o now_o know_v and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o will_v find_v that_o most_o of_o they_o will_v yield_v double_a the_o say_a sum_n of_o money_n now_o notwithstanding_o the_o present_a great_a pressure_n that_o land_n lie_v under_o which_o ought_v mature_o to_o be_v consider_v of_o when_o this_o judgement_n be_v make_v i_o rather_o desire_v the_o enquiry_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o gross_a sum_n of_o money_n pay_v than_o the_o year_n purchase_v as_o be_v less_o fallible_a because_o many_o farm_n have_v be_v of_o late_a year_n so_o rack_v up_o in_o rent_n that_o it_o may_v be_v they_o will_v not_o yield_v more_o year_n purchase_v now_o according_a to_o the_o present_a rent_n than_o they_o will_v many_o year_n past_a and_o yet_o may_v yield_v double_a the_o money_n they_o be_v then_o buy_v or_o sell_v for_o because_o the_o rent_n be_v much_o less_o then_o fol._n 15._o he_o impertinent_o quarrel_n at_o my_o instance_n of_o ireland_n say_v i_o quote_v it_o sometime_o to_o prove_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o low_a interest_n pag._n 8._o and_o sometime_o the_o mischief_n of_o high_a interest_n pag._n 9_o which_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o unfriendly_a way_n of_o prevaricate_a for_o pag._n 8._o i_o mention_v the_o late_a great_a improvement_n of_o ireland_n only_o as_o a_o accidental_a cause_n why_o our_o rent_n at_o that_o present_a fell_a and_o in_o this_o it_o appear_v i_o be_v not_o much_o mistake_v for_o within_o a_o few_o month_n after_o i_o first_o write_v that_o treatise_n the_o parliament_n take_v notice_n of_o it_o pag._n 9_o i_o mention_v that_o place_n among_o other_o that_o pay_v a_o high_a interest_n and_o be_v consequent_o very_o poor_a if_o there_o be_v any_o contradiction_n in_o this_o let_v the_o reader_n judge_n pag._n 16._o the_o gentleman_n puzle_v himself_o about_o find_v mistake_v in_o my_o calculation_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o merchant_n estate_n but_o discover_v none_o but_o his_o own_o so_o i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n further_o about_o that_o all_o merchant_n grant_v i_o as_o much_o as_o i_o design_v by_o it_o though_o some_o of_o they_o have_v not_o or_o care_v not_o to_o observe_v the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n to_o have_v be_v the_o principal_a cause_n thereof_o fol._n 17._o because_o he_o can_v answer_v that_o large_a and_o pregnant_a instance_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o low_a interest_n which_o i_o give_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o sugar-baker_n of_o london_n and_o those_o of_o holland_n which_o be_v but_o one_o of_o a_o hundred_o which_o i_o can_v have_v mention_v he_o endeavour_v to_o set_v up_o another_o of_o a_o contrary_a effect_n which_o be_v a_o weak_a ridiculous_a instance_n and_o nothing_o to_o his_o purpose_n for_o that_o commodity_n that_o i_o mention_v viz._n sugar_n be_v a_o solid_a bulky_a commodity_n always_o in_o fashion_n not_o consequent_a to_o humour_n as_o be_v that_o of_o silk-stocking_n 1000_o l._n worth_n whereof_o may_v be_v with_o less_o charge_n carry_v to_o italy_n than_o 30_o l._n worth_n of_o barbadoes_n sugar_n can_v be_v send_v to_o holland_n beside_o the_o reason_n why_o we_o of_o late_o send_v silk-stocking_n thither_o be_v accidental_a not_o natural_a only_o happen_v by_o mean_n of_o a_o engine_n wâ—_n have_v to_o weave_v they_o whereof_o they_o have_v not_o yet_o the_o use_n in_o italy_n beside_o wear_v thing_n be_v more_o esteem_v through_o fancy_n then_o judgement_n the_o italian_n may_v have_v the_o same_o vanity_n which_o be_v too_o much_o among_o we_o to_o esteem_v that_o which_o be_v none_o of_o their_o own_o make_n as_o we_o do_v french_a ribond_n and_o the_o frenchman_n english_a one_o beside_o he_o be_v mistake_v in_o say_v we_o bring_v the_o silk_n we_o make_v they_o of_o from_o italy_n for_o the_o silk_n of_o which_o we_o make_v that_o commodity_n be_v turkey_n not_o italian_n silk_n fol._n 18._o the_o gentleman_n begin_v to_o be_v kind_a and_o find_v i_o out_o of_o the_o way_n pretend_v to_o set_v i_o right_n viz._n to_o instruct_v i_o as_o first_o what_o will_v bring_v down_o interest_n one_a multitude_n of_o people_n two_o a_o full_a trade_n three_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n i_o answer_v that_o i_o have_v i_o think_v prove_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n will_v effect_v the_o two_o former_a
and_o i_o think_v my_o opposer_n be_v not_o clear_v sight_v if_o he_o can_v discern_v that_o the_o latter_a in_o a_o due_a and_o regulate_v proportion_n must_v be_v a_o consequent_a of_o they_o in_o the_o next_o place_n the_o gentleman_n find_v i_o at_o a_o loss_n as_o he_o say_v for_o the_o reason_n of_o our_o great_a trade_n at_o present_a will_v help_v i_o as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v i_o answer_v those_o latter_a word_n as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v be_v well_o put_v in_o for_o as_o yet_o he_o have_v tell_v i_o no_o news_n nor_o give_v any_o shadow_n of_o reason_n that_o i_o know_v not_o before_o and_o have_v mature_o consider_v on_o many_o year_n before_o i_o write_v the_o first_o treatise_n the_o reason_n he_o give_v for_o our_o present_a greatness_n of_o trade_n be_v first_o our_o cast_v off_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n second_o the_o statute_n in_o henry_n the_o 7_o th_n time_n prohibit_v noble_a man_n retainer_n and_o make_v their_o land_n liable_a to_o the_o payment_n of_o debt_n three_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west-india_n trade_n pag._n 19_o 20._o to_o his_o first_o and_o second_o reason_n i_o answer_v that_o those_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o 7_o the_o and_o our_o cast_v off_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n do_v long_o precede_v our_o be_v any_o thing_n in_o trade_n which_o begin_v not_o until_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n and_o afterward_o increase_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n james_n and_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o as_o we_o abate_v our_o interest_n and_o not_o otherwise_o there_o be_v a_o person_n yet_o live_v and_o but_o 77_o year_n of_o age_n viz._n captain_n russel_n of_o wapping_n who_o assure_v i_o he_o can_v remember_v since_o we_o have_v not_o above_o three_o merchant_n ship_n of_o 300_o tun_n and_o upward_o belong_v to_o england_n second_o that_o in_o italy_n where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o statute_n for_o abridgement_n of_o noble_a man_n retainer_n nor_o cast_v off_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n there_o be_v notwithstanding_o a_o very_a great_a trade_n and_o land_n at_o from_o 35_o to_o 40_o year_n purchase_v which_o sufficient_o show_v that_o a_o low_a interest_n be_v absolute_o and_o principal_o necessary_a and_o that_o the_o other_o particular_n alone_o will_v not_o do_v to_o the_o procure_n of_o those_o end_n although_o a_o low_a interest_n single_o do_v it_o in_o italy_n to_o his_o three_o reason_n i_o answer_v that_o there_o be_v some_o man_n yet_o live_v who_o do_v remember_v a_o great_a trade_n to_o east-india_n and_o a_o far_o great_a stock_n employ_v therein_o than_o we_o have_v now_o and_o yet_o we_o be_v so_o far_o from_o thrive_a upon_o it_o that_o we_o lose_v by_o it_o and_o can_v never_o see_v our_o principal_a money_n again_o nor_o ever_o do_v we_o great_o prosper_v upon_o it_o till_o our_o interest_n be_v much_o abate_v by_o law_n nor_o ever_o shall_v mate_v the_o dutch_a in_o it_o till_o our_o interest_n be_v as_o low_a as_o they_o the_o like_a in_o a_o great_a measure_n be_v true_a in_o our_o west-india_n trade_n we_o never_o get_v considerable_a by_o they_o till_o our_o last_o abatement_n of_o interest_n from_o 8_o to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent._n pag._n 21_o 22._o he_o labour_v to_o prove_v that_o if_o we_o will_v have_v trade_n to_o flourish_v and_o land_n high_a we_o must_v imitate_v the_o hollander_n in_o their_o practice_n which_o in_o matter_n of_o trade_n i_o know_v be_v most_o certain_a so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v consistent_a with_o the_o government_n of_o our_o own_o country_n and_o the_o first_o and_o ready_a thing_n wherein_o we_o can_v imitate_v they_o be_v to_o reduce_v our_o interest_n of_o money_n to_o a_o low_a rate_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o father_n and_o they_o do_v it_o before_o we_o which_o will_v natural_o lead_v we_o to_o all_o the_o other_o advantage_n in_o trade_n which_o they_o now_o use_v 1._o for_o if_o interest_n be_v abate_v to_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z who_o will_v not_o that_o can_v leave_v his_o child_n any_o competent_a estate_n of_o 1000_o or_o 2000_o l._n each_o bring_v they_o up_o to_o write_v arithmetic_n and_o merchant_n account_n and_o instruct_v they_o in_o trade_n well_o know_v that_o the_o bare_a use_n of_o their_o money_n or_o the_o product_n of_o it_o in_o land_n will_v scarce_o keep_v they_o 2._o must_v not_o all_o person_n live_v low_a in_o expense_n when_o all_o trade_n will_v be_v less_o gainful_a to_o individual_n though_o more_o profitable_a to_o the_o public_a 3._o will_v it_o not_o put_v we_o upon_o building_n as_o bulky_a and_o cheap_a sail_a ship_n as_o they_o 4._o will_v it_o not_o bring_v trade_n to_o be_v so_o familiar_a among_o we_o that_o our_o gentleman_n who_o be_v in_o our_o great_a council_n will_v come_v to_o understand_v it_o and_o according_o contrive_v law_n in_o favour_n of_o it_o 5._o will_v not_o nay_o have_v it_o not_o already_o bring_v we_o to_o lower_v our_o custom_n upon_o our_o own_o native_a commodity_n and_o manufacture_n 6._o will_v it_o not_o in_o time_n bring_v we_o to_o transfer_v bill_n of_o debt_n be_v not_o necessity_n the_o mother_n of_o invention_n and_o that_o old_a proverb_n true_a facile_fw-la est_fw-la inventis_fw-la addere_fw-la there_o be_v in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n nothing_o conducible_a to_o the_o good_a of_o trade_n that_o we_o shall_v not_o by_o one_o accident_n or_o other_o hit_v upon_o when_o we_o have_v attain_v this_o fundamental_a point_n and_o be_v thereby_o necessitate_v to_o follow_v and_o keep_v to_o our_o trade_n from_o generation_n to_o generation_n 7._o do_v we_o not_o see_v that_o even_o as_o the_o world_n now_o go_v dies_fw-la diem_fw-la docet_fw-la scarce_o a_o session_n of_o parliament_n pass_v without_o make_v some_o good_a act_n for_o the_o better_n of_o trade_n and_o pare_v off_o the_o extravagancy_n of_o the_o law_n for_o which_o end_v this_o last_o session_n produce_v three_o that_o about_o the_o silk-throwsters_a that_o about_o transportation_n of_o hides_n etc._n etc._n that_o about_o writ_n of_o error_n 8._o will_v not_o the_o full_a understanding_n of_o trade_n acquire_v by_o experience_n and_o never_o want_v to_o any_o people_n that_o make_v it_o their_o constant_a business_n to_o follow_v trade_n as_o we_o must_v do_v when_o interest_n shall_v be_v at_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z quick_o bring_v we_o to_o find_v our_o advantage_n in_o permit_v all_o â—_z to_o cohabit_n trade_n and_o purchase_v land_n among_o â—s_n upon_o as_o easy_a term_n as_o the_o dutch_a do_v will_v not_o the_o consequence_n of_o this_o law_n by_o augment_v the_o value_n of_o land_n bring_v we_o in_o time_n to_o regular_a and_o just_a enclosement_n of_o our_o forest_n commons_o and_o waste_v and_o make_v our_o small_a river_n navigable_a the_o high_a improvement_n that_o this_o land_n be_v capable_a of_o and_o have_v not_o these_o last_o 50_o year_n since_o the_o several_a abatement_n of_o interest_n produce_v more_o of_o these_o profitable_a work_n then_o 200_o year_n before_o will_v not_o the_o consequence_n of_o this_o law_n discover_v to_o we_o the_o vanity_n and_o opposition_n to_o trade_n that_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v in_o many_o of_o our_o statute_n yet_o in_o force_n such_o as_o these_o fâ—llowing_v viz._n one_a the_o statute_n of_o bankrupt_a as_o they_o be_v now_o use_v in_o many_o case_n more_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o honest_a dealer_n than_o the_o bankrupt_a himself_o by_o compel_a man_n often_o time_n to_o refund_v money_n receive_v of_o the_o bankrupt_a for_o ware_n justlâ—_n sell_v and_o deliver_v he_o long_o before_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o the_o seller_n to_o discover_v the_o buyeâ—_n to_o be_v a_o brankrupt_a two_o such_o be_v our_o law_n limit_v the_o price_n of_o beer_n and_o ale_n to_o one_o penny_n per_fw-la quartfield_n which_o bar_v we_o from_o all_o improvement_n and_o imitation_n of_o foreign_a liquor_n make_v of_o corn_n common_o call_v mom_o spruce-beer_n rosteker-beer_n which_o may_v and_o be_v make_v in_o england_n and_o will_v occasion_v the_o profitable_a consumption_n of_o a_o incredible_a quantity_n of_o our_o grain_n and_o prove_v a_o great_a aâ—dition_n to_o his_o majesty_n revenue_n of_o excise_n expend_v abundance_n of_o coal_n in_o long_a boil_a of_o those_o commodity_n employ_v many_o hand_n in_o the_o manufacture_n of_o they_o as_o well_o as_o ship_n in_o transportation_n of_o they_o not_o only_o to_o all_o our_o own_o plantation_n in_o america_n but_o to_o many_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n three_o our_o law_n against_o engross_a corn_n and_o other_o commodity_n there_o be_v no_o person_n more_o beneficial_a to_o trade_n in_o a_o nation_n than_o engrosser_n which_o will_v be_v a_o worthy_a employment_n for_o our_o present_a usurer_n and_o render_v they_o true_o useful_a to_o their_o country_n four_o such_o
be_v our_o law_n against_o exportation_n of_o bullion_n late_o repeal_v 5th_o such_o be_v the_o use_n of_o the_o law_n at_o present_a which_o take_v not_o only_o a_o custom_n but_o 15_o s._n per_fw-la tun_n excise_n on_o strong_a beer_n export_v be_v the_o same_o rate_v it_o pay_v when_o spend_v at_o home_n contrary_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o trade_a country_n six_o such_o be_v our_o law_n which_o charge_v sea-coal_n or_o any_o of_o our_o native_a provision_n export_v with_o custom_n viz._n beef_n pork_n bread_n beer_n etc._n etc._n for_o which_o i_o think_v in_o prudence_n the_o door_n shall_v be_v open_v wide_a to_o let_v they_o out_o seven_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n be_v our_o law_n impose_v a_o great_a duty_n upon_o our_o horse_n mare_n and_o nag_n export_v 8._o such_o in_o my_o weak_a opinion_n be_v that_o branch_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 5_o eliz._n that_o none_o shall_v use_v any_o manual_a occupation_n except_o he_o have_v be_v appretince_n to_o the_o same_o 9th_o such_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v the_o law_n which_o yet_o prohibit_v the_o exportation_n of_o our_o own_o coin_n for_o since_o it_o be_v now_o by_o consent_n of_o parliament_n agree_v and_o find_v by_o experience_n of_o all_o understand_a man_n to_o be_v advantageous_a for_o this_o kingdom_n to_o permit_v the_o free_a exportation_n of_o bullion_n i_o think_v it_o be_v better_o for_o we_o that_o our_o own_o coin_n may_v likewise_o be_v free_o export_v because_o by_o what_o of_o that_o go_v out_o we_o shall_v gain_v the_o manufacture_n the_o coin_v beside_o the_o great_a honour_n and_o note_n of_o magnificency_n it_o will_v be_v to_o his_o majesty_n and_o this_o kingdom_n to_o have_v his_o majesty_n coin_n currant_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n 10th_o such_o be_v all_o by-law_n use_v among_o the_o society_n of_o cooper_n &_o other_o artificer_n limit_v master_n to_o keep_v but_o one_o apprentice_n at_o a_o time_n whereas_o it_o be_v better_o for_o the_o public_a they_o be_v permit_v to_o keep_v ten_o if_o they_o can_v or_o will_v maintain_v or_o employ_v they_o 11th_o such_o seem_v to_o be_v many_o of_o our_o law_n relate_v to_o the_o poor_a especial_o those_o against_o inmate_n in_o city_n &_o trade_a town_n and_o those_o oblige_a parish_n to_o maintain_v their_o own_o poor_a only_o page_n 23._o and_o 24._o the_o gentleman_n make_v a_o large_a repetition_n of_o what_o he_o have_v say_v before_o wherein_o i_o observe_v nothing_o new_a but_o that_o he_o say_v the_o east-india-company_n have_v money_n at_o 4._o per_fw-la cent_n only_o because_o man_n may_v have_v their_o money_n out_o when_o they_o please_v which_o be_v a_o mistake_n though_o a_o small_a one_o for_o the_o company_n seldom_o or_o never_o take_v up_o money_n but_o for_o a_o certain_a time_n though_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o generous_a company_n will_v and_o do_v at_o most_o time_n accommodate_v any_o person_n with_o his_o money_n before_o due_a that_o have_v occasion_n to_o require_v such_o a_o kindness_n of_o they_o although_o they_o oblige_v not_o themselves_o to_o do_v it_o in_o this_o ten_o particular_a at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o page_n 24._o he_o say_v i_o be_o mistake_v in_o my_o assertion_n of_o the_o interest_n of_o scotland_n which_o upon_o further_a enquiry_n among_o the_o scotch_a merchant_n upon_o the_o exchange_n i_o be_o tell_v be_v his_o own_o mistake_n so_o i_o must_v leave_v that_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n to_o those_o that_o know_v that_o country_n and_o its_o law_n more_o and_o better_a then_o either_o of_o we_o last_o he_o conclude_v that_o whilst_o i_o say_v the_o matter_n in_o england_n be_v so_o natural_o prepare_v for_o a_o abatement_n of_o interest_n that_o it_o can_v be_v long_o obstruct_v i_o propound_v a_o law_n to_o anticipate_v nature_n which_o be_v against_o reason_n i_o answer_v it_o be_v the_o wisdom_n of_o our_o grandfather_n to_o bring_v it_o to_o what_o it_o will_v bear_v in_o their_o time_n and_o our_o father_n find_v the_o good_a effect_n of_o that_o and_o bring_v it_o low_o and_o the_o benefit_n thereof_o be_v since_o manifest_v to_o we_o by_o the_o success_n and_o therefore_o see_v the_o matter_n will_v now_o bear_v further_a abatement_n it_o be_v reasonable_a for_o we_o to_o follow_v that_o excellent_a example_n of_o our_o ancestor_n law_n against_o nature_n i_o grant_v will_v be_v ineffectual_a but_o i_o never_o hear_v before_o that_o law_n to_o help_v nature_n be_v against_o reason_n touch_v the_o gentleman_n personal_a reflection_n upon_o i_o i_o shall_v say_v little_a it_o appear_v sufficient_o by_o what_o i_o have_v write_v and_o his_o answer_n that_o i_o be_o a_o advocate_n for_o industry_n he_o for_o idleness_n it_o appear_v likewise_o to_o those_o that_o know_v i_o in_o london_n which_o be_v many_o that_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o design_v to_o engrose_v trade_n that_o i_o be_o hasten_v to_o convert_v what_o i_o can_v of_o my_o small_a estate_n that_o be_v personal_a into_o real_a suppose_v it_o to_o be_v my_o interest_n so_o to_o do_v before_o the_o use_v of_o money_n fall_v which_o i_o conclude_v can_v long_o suspend_v and_o that_o then_o land_n and_o house_n must_v rise_v and_o i_o doubt_v it_o will_v appear_v when_o this_o gentleman_n be_v as_o well_o know_v as_o i_o be_o that_o he_o be_v more_o a_o usurer_n than_o a_o owner_n of_o land_n or_o manager_n of_o trade_n at_o present_a my_o end_n have_v only_o be_v to_o serve_v my_o country_n which_o i_o can_v with_o a_o sincere_a heart_n declare_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o god_n and_o man_n and_o that_o nothing_o else_o can_v have_v engage_v i_o into_o this_o unpleasing_a controversy_n wherein_o i_o have_v give_v unwilling_a offence_n to_o all_o my_o near_a relation_n and_o know_v at_o first_o that_o i_o must_v needs_o do_v so_o most_o of_o they_o be_v such_o as_o age_n and_o wisdom_n have_v instruct_v rather_o to_o be_v box-keeper_n than_o gamester_n i_o have_v beforementioned_a the_o judgement_n of_o the_o french_a king_n and_o court_n but_o intend_v not_o to_o recite_v the_o edict_n be_v it_o be_v at_o large_a in_o sir_n thomas_n culpepper_v senior_a his_o last_o treatise_n yet_o on_o second_o thought_n consider_v all_o man_n perhaps_o may_v not_o come_v to_o a_o sight_n of_o that_o and_o find_v the_o say_a edict_n so_o comprehensive_a of_o the_o whole_a matter_n of_o this_o controversy_n i_o have_v here_o recite_v it_o the_o king_n by_o these_o edict_n have_v nothing_o relieve_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o nobility_n if_o he_o have_v not_o provide_v for_o usury_n which_o have_v ruin_v many_o good_a and_o ancient_a house_n fill_v town_n with_o unprofitable_a servant_n and_o the_o country_n with_o misery_n and_o inhumanities_n he_o find_v the_o rent_n viz._n usury_n constitute_v after_o 10_o or_o 8_o in_o the_o hundred_o do_v ruin_v many_o good_a family_n hinder_v the_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n of_o merchandize_n and_o make_v tillage_n and_o handicraft_n to_o be_v neglect_v many_o desire_v through_o the_o easiness_n of_o a_o deceitful_a gain_n to_o live_v idle_o in_o good_a town_n of_o their_o rent_n rather_o than_o to_o give_v themselves_o with_o any_o pain_n to_o liberal_a art_n or_o to_o till_o or_o husband_n their_o inheritance_n for_o this_o reason_n mean_v to_o invite_v his_o subject_n to_o enrich_v themselves_o with_o more_o just_a gain_n to_o content_v themselves_o with_o more_o moderate_a profit_n and_o to_o give_v the_o nobility_n mean_v to_o pay_v their_o debt_n he_o do_v forbid_v all_o usury_n or_o constitution_n of_o rent_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n than_o six_o pound_n five_o shilling_n in_o the_o hundred_o the_o edict_n be_v verify_v in_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n which_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v always_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o give_v money_n to_o usury_n for_o it_o be_v a_o serpent_n who_o bite_v be_v not_o apparent_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v so_o sensible_a that_o it_o peirce_v the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o best_a family_n the_o whole_a of_o this_o controversy_n lie_v narrow_o in_o these_o two_o short_a question_n viz._n will_v abatement_n of_o interest_n improve_v trade_n second_o will_v it_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o land_n the_o collective_a unite_a body_n of_o the_o government_n of_o our_o own_o and_o other_o kingdom_n express_o say_v it_o will_v do_v both_o and_o experience_n cry_v aloud_o that_o so_o it_o will_v do_v and_o have_v do_v in_o all_o age_n and_o in_o all_o place_n and_o i_o never_o yet_o meet_v with_o any_o private_a person_n how_o much_o soever_o concern_v in_o interest_n that_o have_v the_o ignorance_n or_o confidence_n to_o deny_v both_o for_o discourse_v with_o a_o country_n usurer_n he_o will_v affirm_v and_o perhaps_o be_v ready_a to_o swear_v to_o it_o that_o this_o abatement_n of_o interest_n be_v
a_o knavish_a design_n of_o the_o citizen_n to_o advance_v themselves_o who_o be_v too_o proud_a already_o and_o that_o if_o it_o go_v forward_o it_o will_v undo_v all_o the_o country_n gentleman_n in_o england_n and_o if_o one_o speak_v with_o the_o city_n usurer_n they_o will_v be_v as_o ready_a to_o affirm_v that_o this_o be_v a_o plot_n carry_v on_o only_o by_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n who_o estate_n be_v all_o in_o land_n for_o their_o own_o advantage_n and_o that_o it_o will_v spoil_v all_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v a_o project_n at_o one_o instant_a to_o take_v off_o just_a one_o three_o of_o all_o man_n estate_n that_o be_v personal_a and_o add_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o all_o such_o who_o estate_n be_v real_a which_o in_o effect_n be_v to_o impoverish_v all_o the_o young_a and_o enrich_v all_o elder_a brother_n in_o england_n so_o that_o out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a adversary_n to_o this_o principle_n it_o may_v be_v just_o conclude_v that_o though_o single_o they_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o it_o yet_o joint_o they_o confess_v it_o to_o conclude_v there_o be_v nothing_o that_o i_o have_v say_v or_o that_o i_o think_v any_o other_o can_v say_v upon_o this_o occasion_n but_o be_v say_v in_o substance_n before_o by_o old_a sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n though_o unknown_a to_o i_o who_o have_v a_o ampel_v and_o clear_a sight_n into_o the_o whole_a nature_n of_o this_o principle_n and_o the_o true_a effect_n and_o consequence_n of_o it_o truth_n be_v always_o the_o same_o though_o illustration_n may_v vary_v nor_o can_v any_o thing_n now_o be_v object_v against_o the_o make_n a_o law_n for_o a_o further_a abatement_n of_o interest_n but_o the_o same_o that_o be_v object_v in_o those_o time_n wherein_o the_o former_a statute_n pass_v so_o that_o why_o my_o opposer_n shall_v cavil_v at_o the_o do_v of_o that_o by_o a_o law_n in_o england_n now_o which_o he_o seem_v to_o â—ike_v well_o if_o it_o can_v be_v do_v i_o know_v no_o real_a cause_n except_o it_o be_v that_o in_o truth_n he_o be_v wise_a enough_o to_o know_v that_o a_o law_n in_o england_n will_v certain_o do_v the_o work_n as_o it_o have_v do_v former_o and_o in_o consequence_n his_o own_o private_a gain_n will_v be_v retrench_v before_o i_o conclude_v i_o think_v it_o necessary_a for_o caution_n to_o my_o countryman_n to_o let_v they_o know_v what_o effect_n these_o discourse_n have_v have_v on_o other_o when_o i_o write_v my_o first_o treatise_n interest_n be_v in_o the_o island_n of_o barbadoes_n at_o 15_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la where_o it_o be_v since_o by_o a_o act_n of_o the_o country_n bring_v down_o to_o 10_o per_fw-la cent_n a_o great_a fall_n at_o once_o and_o our_o weekly_a gazette_n do_v some_o month_n pass_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o sweed_n by_o a_o law_n have_v bring_v down_o their_o interest_n to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n neither_o of_o which_o can_v have_v any_o good_a effect_n upon_o we_o but_o certain_o the_o contrary_a except_o by_o way_n of_o emulation_n they_o quicken_v we_o to_o provide_v in_o time_n for_o our_o own_o good_a and_o prosperity_n i_o have_v now_o do_v with_o this_o controversy_n and_o therein_o discharge_v my_o duty_n to_o my_o native_a country_n and_o though_o ignorance_n malice_n or_o private_a interest_n may_v yet_o for_o some_o time_n oppose_v it_o i_o be_o confident_a the_o wisdom_n of_o my_o countryman_n will_v at_o length_n find_v their_o true_a and_o general_a interest_n in_o the_o establishment_n of_o such_o a_o law_n which_o as_o to_o my_o own_o particular_a concernment_n signify_v not_o two_o farthing_n whether_o they_o do_v or_o not_o chap._n ii_o concern_v the_o relief_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o poor_a this_o be_v a_o calm_a subject_n and_o thwart_v no_o common_a or_o private_a interest_n among_o we_o except_o that_o of_o the_o common_a enemy_n of_o mankind_n the_o devil_n so_o i_o hope_v that_o what_o shall_v be_v offer_v towards_o the_o effect_n of_o so_o universal_o acceptable_a a_o work_n as_o this_o and_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o innumerable_a inconvenience_n that_o do_v now_o and_o have_v in_o all_o age_n attend_v this_o kingdom_n through_o defect_n of_o such_o provision_n for_o the_o poor_a will_v not_o be_v ill_o take_v although_o the_o plaster_n at_o first_o essay_n do_v not_o exact_o fit_v the_o sore_a in_o the_o discourse_n of_o this_o subject_n i_o shall_v first_o assert_v some_o particular_n which_o i_o think_v arâ—â—greed_v by_o common_a consent_n and_o from_o thence_o take_v occasion_n to_o proceed_v to_o what_o be_v more_o doubtful_a 1._o that_o our_o poor_a in_o england_n have_v always_o be_v in_o a_o most_o sad_a and_o wretched_a condition_n some_o famish_v for_o want_n of_o bread_n other_o starve_v with_o cold_a and_o nakedness_n and_o many_o whole_a family_n in_o all_o the_o out_o part_n of_o city_n and_o great_a town_n common_o remain_v in_o a_o languish_a nasty_a and_o useless_a condition_n uncomfortable_a to_o themselves_o and_o unprofitable_a to_o the_o kingdom_n this_o be_v confess_v and_o lament_v by_o all_o men._n 2._o that_o the_o child_n of_o our_o poor_a breed_v up_o in_o beggary_n and_o laziness_n do_v by_o that_o mean_n become_v not_o only_o of_o unhealthy_a body_n and_o more_o than_o ordinary_o subject_a to_o many_o loathsome_a disease_n whereof_o very_a many_o die_n in_o their_o tender_a age_n and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o do_v arrive_v to_o year_n and_o strength_n they_o be_v by_o their_o idle_a habit_n contract_v in_o their_o youth_n render_v for_o ever_o after_o indispose_v to_o labour_n and_o serve_v only_o to_o stock_n the_o kingdom_n with_o thief_n and_o beggar_n 3._o that_o if_o all_o our_o impotent_a poor_a be_v provide_v for_o and_o those_o of_o both_o sex_n and_o all_o age_n that_o can_v do_v work_n of_o any_o kind_n employ_v it_o will_v redound_v some_o hundred_o of_o thousand_o of_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o the_o public_a advantage_n 4._o that_o it_o be_v our_o duty_n to_o god_n and_o nature_n so_o to_o provide_v for_o and_o employ_v the_o poor_a 5._o that_o by_o so_o do_v one_o of_o the_o great_a sin_n for_o which_o this_o land_n ought_v to_o mourn_v will_v be_v remove_v 6._o that_o our_o forefather_n have_v pious_a intention_n towards_o this_o good_a work_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o many_o statute_n make_v by_o they_o to_o this_o purpose_n 7._o that_o there_o be_v place_n in_o the_o world_n wherein_o the_o poor_a be_v so_o provide_v for_o and_o employ_v as_o in_o holland_n hambrough_n new-england_n and_o other_o and_o as_o i_o be_o inform_v now_o in_o the_o city_n of_o paris_n thus_o far_o we_o all_o agree_v the_o first_o question_n then_o that_o natural_o occur_v be_v question_v how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o in_o england_n we_o do_v not_o nor_o ever_o do_v comfortable_o maintain_v and_o employ_v our_o poor_a the_o common_a answer_n to_o this_o question_n be_v two_o 1._o that_o our_o law_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v as_o good_a as_o any_o in_o the_o world_n but_o we_o fail_v in_o the_o execution_n 2._o that_o former_o in_o the_o day_n of_o our_o pious_a ancestor_n the_o work_n be_v do_v but_o now_o charity_n be_v decease_v and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n we_o see_v the_o poor_a so_o neglect_v as_o now_o they_o be_v in_o both_o which_o answer_v i_o humble_o conceive_v the_o effect_n be_v mistake_v for_o the_o cause_n for_o though_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o there_o have_v be_v and_o be_v a_o great_a failure_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o those_o statute_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o poor_a yet_o i_o say_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o failure_n have_v be_v occasion_v by_o defect_n of_o the_o law_n themselves_o for_o otherwise_o what_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o in_o our_o late_a time_n of_o confusion_n and_o alteration_n wherein_o almost_o every_o party_n in_o the_o nation_n at_o one_o time_n or_o other_o take_v their_o turn_n at_o the_o helm_n and_o all_o have_v that_o compass_n those_o law_n to_o steer_v by_o and_o yet_o none_o of_o they_o can_v or_o ever_o do_v conduct_v the_o poor_a into_o a_o harbour_n of_o security_n to_o they_o and_o profit_n to_o the_o kingdom_n i._n e._n none_o sufficient_o maintain_v the_o impotent_a and_o employ_v the_o indigent_a among_o we_o and_o if_o this_o be_v never_o do_v in_o any_o age_n nor_o by_o any_o sort_n of_o man_n whatsoever_o in_o this_o kingdom_n who_o have_v the_o use_n of_o those_o law_n now_o in_o force_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o a_o very_a strong_a argument_n that_o it_o never_o can_v nor_o ever_o will_v be_v do_v by_o those_o law_n and_o that_o consequent_o the_o defect_n lie_v in_o the_o law_n themselves_o not_o in_o the_o man_n i._n e._n those_o that_o shall_v put_v they_o in_o execution_n as_o to_o the_o second_o
answer_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a question_n wherein_o want_n of_o charity_n be_v assign_v for_o another_o cause_n why_o the_o poor_a be_v now_o so_o much_o neglect_v i_o think_v it_o be_v a_o scandalous_a ungrounded_a accusation_n of_o our_o contemporary_n except_o in_o relation_n to_o building_n of_o church_n which_o i_o confess_v this_o generation_n be_v not_o so_o prophense_o to_o as_o former_a have_v be_v for_o most_o that_o i_o converss_n with_o be_v not_o so_o much_o trouble_v to_o part_n with_o their_o money_n as_o how_o to_o place_v it_o that_o it_o may_v do_v good_a and_o not_o hurt_v to_o the_o kingdom_n for_o if_o they_o give_v to_o the_o beggar_n in_o the_o street_n or_o at_o their_o door_n they_o fear_v they_o may_v do_v hurt_v by_o encourage_v that_o lazy_a unprofitable_a kind_n of_o life_n and_o if_o they_o give_v more_o than_o their_o proportion_n in_o their_o respective_a parish_n that_o they_o say_v be_v but_o give_v to_o the_o rich_a for_o the_o poor_a be_v not_o set_v on_o work_n thereby_o nor_o have_v the_o more_o give_v they_o but_o only_o their_o rich_a neighbour_n pay_v the_o less_o and_o for_o what_o be_v give_v in_o church_n to_o the_o visit_v poor_a and_o to_o such_o as_o be_v impoverish_v by_o the_o fire_n we_o have_v hear_v of_o so_o many_o and_o great_a abuse_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o charity_n that_o most_o man_n be_v under_o sad_a discouragement_n in_o relation_n thereunto_o i_o write_v not_o this_o to_o divert_v any_o man_n from_o work_n of_o charity_n of_o any_o kind_n he_o that_o give_v to_o any_o in_o want_n do_v well_o but_o he_o that_o give_v to_o employ_v and_o educate_v the_o poor_a so_o as_o to_o render_v they_o useful_a to_o the_o kingdom_n in_o my_o judgement_n do_v better_a and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n not_o to_o leave_v man_n at_o a_o loss_n how_o to_o dispose_v of_o what_o god_n shall_v incline_v their_o heart_n to_o give_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o poor_a i_o think_v it_o not_o impertinent_a to_o propose_v the_o hospital_n of_o this_o city_n and_o poor_a labour_a people_n that_o have_v many_o child_n and_o make_v a_o hard_a shift_n to_o sustain_v they_o by_o their_o industry_n whereof_o there_o be_v multitude_n in_o the_o out_o part_n of_o this_o city_n as_o the_o best_a object_n of_o charity_n at_o present_a but_o to_o return_v to_o my_o purpose_n viz._n to_o prove_v that_o the_o want_n of_o charity_n likewise_o that_o be_v now_o and_o always_o have_v be_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o poor_a proceed_v from_o a_o defect_n in_o our_o law_n ask_v any_o charitable_a mind_a man_n as_o he_o go_v along_o the_o street_n of_o london_n view_v the_o poor_a viz._n boy_n girl_n man_n and_o woman_n of_o all_o age_n and_o many_o in_o good_a health_n etc._n etc._n why_o he_o and_o other_o do_v not_o take_v care_n for_o the_o set_v those_o poor_a creature_n to_o work_n will_v he_o not_o ready_o answer_v that_o he_o wish_v hearty_o it_o can_v be_v do_v though_o it_o cost_v he_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o estate_n but_o he_o be_v but_o one_o man_n and_o can_v do_v nothing_o towards_o it_o give_v they_o money_n as_o have_v bâ—en_o say_v be_v but_o to_o bring_v â—hem_fw-mi into_o a_o like_n and_o continuance_n in_o that_o way_n the_o second_o question_n than_o be_v question_v 2._o wherein_o lie_v the_o defect_n of_o our_o present_a law_n relate_v to_o the_o poor_a i_o answer_v that_o there_o may_v be_v many_o but_o i_o shall_v here_o take_v notice_n of_o one_o only_a which_o i_o think_v to_o be_v fundamental_a and_o which_o until_o alter_v the_o poor_a in_o england_n can_v never_o be_v well_o provide_v for_o or_o employ_v and_o that_o when_o the_o say_v fundamental_a error_n be_v well_o amend_v it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a they_o shall_v lack_v either_o work_n or_o maintenance_n the_o say_v radical_a error_n i_o esteem_v to_o be_v the_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o care_n of_o every_o parish_n to_o maintain_v their_o own_o poor_a only_o upon_o which_o follow_v the_o shift_a off_o send_v or_o whip_v back_o the_o poor_a wanderer_n to_o the_o place_n of_o their_o birth_n or_o laâ—t_n abide_v the_o practice_n whereof_o i_o have_v see_v many_o year_n in_o london_n to_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o ever_o it_o will_v which_o be_v just_o nothing_o of_o good_a to_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n or_o the_o poor_a thereof_o though_o it_o be_v sometime_o by_o accident_n to_o some_o of_o they_o a_o punishment_n without_o effect_n i_o say_v without_o effect_n because_o it_o reform_v not_o the_o party_n nor_o despose_v the_o mind_n of_o other_o to_o obedience_n which_o be_v the_o true_a end_n of_o all_o punishment_n as_o for_o instance_n a_o poor_a idle_a person_n that_o will_v not_o work_v or_o that_o no_o body_n will_v employ_v in_o the_o country_n come_v up_o to_o london_n to_o set_v up_o the_o trade_n of_o beg_v such_o a_o person_n probable_o may_v beg_v up_o and_o down_o the_o street_n seven_o year_n it_o may_v be_v seven_o and_o twenty_o before_o any_o body_n ask_v why_o she_o do_v so_o and_o if_o at_o length_n she_o have_v the_o ill_a hap_n in_o some_o parish_n to_o meet_v with_o a_o more_o vigilant_a beadle_n then_o one_o of_o twenty_o of_o they_o be_v all_o he_o do_v be_v but_o to_o lead_v she_o the_o length_n of_o five_o or_o six_o house_n into_o another_o parish_n and_o then_o conclude_v as_o his_o master_n the_o parishioner_n do_v that_o he_o have_v do_v the_o part_n of_o a_o most_o diligent_a officer_n but_o suppose_v he_o shall_v yet_o go_v further_o to_o the_o end_n of_o his_o line_n which_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o perfect_a execution_n of_o his_o office_n that_o be_v suppose_v he_o shall_v carry_v this_o poor_a wretch_n to_o a_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o he_o shall_v order_v the_o delinquent_n to_o be_v whip_v and_o send_v from_o parish_n to_o parish_n to_o the_o place_n of_o her_o birth_n or_o last_o abide_v which_o not_o one_o justice_n of_o twenty_o through_o pity_n or_o other_o cause_n will_v do_v even_o this_o be_v a_o great_a charge_n upon_o the_o country_n and_o yet_o the_o business_n of_o the_o nation_n itself_o whole_o undo_v â—_o for_o no_o soon_o do_v the_o delinquent_n arrive_v at_o the_o place_n assign_v but_o for_o shame_n or_o idleness_n she_o present_o desert_n it_o and_o wander_v direct_o back_o or_o some_o other_o way_n hope_v for_o better_a fortune_n whilst_o the_o parish_n to_o which_o she_o be_v send_v know_v she_o a_o lazy_a and_o perhaps_o a_o worse_o quality_v person_n be_v as_o willing_a to_o be_v rid_v of_o she_o as_o she_o be_v to_o be_v go_v from_o thence_o if_o it_o be_v here_o retort_v upon_o i_o that_o by_o my_o own_o confession_n much_o of_o this_o mischief_n happen_v by_o the_o non_fw-la or_o ill_a execution_n of_o the_o law_n i_o say_v better_a execution_n than_o you_o have_v see_v you_o must_v not_o expect_v and_o there_o be_v never_o a_o good_a law_n make_v that_o be_v not_o well_o execute_v the_o fault_n of_o the_o law_n cause_v a_o failure_n of_o execution_n iâ—_n be_v natural_a to_o all_o man_n to_o use_v the_o remedy_n next_o at_o hand_n and_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o shift_v the_o evil_a from_o their_o own_o door_n which_o in_o regard_n they_o can_v so_o easy_o do_v by_o threaten_v or_o thrust_v a_o poor_a body_n out_o of_o the_o verge_n of_o their_o own_o parish_n it_o be_v unreasonable_a and_o vain_a to_o hopâ—_n that_o ever_o it_o will_v be_v otherwise_o for_o the_o law_n against_o inmate_n and_o empower_v the_o parishioner_n to_o take_v security_n before_o they_o suffer_v any_o poor_a person_n to_o inhabit_v among_o they_o it_o may_v be_v they_o be_v prudent_a constitution_n at_o the_o time_n they_o be_v make_v and_o before_o england_n be_v a_o place_n of_o trade_n and_o may_v be_v so_o still_o in_o some_o country_n but_o i_o be_o sure_a in_o city_n and_o great_a town_n of_o trade_n they_o be_v altogether_o improper_a and_o contrary_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o other_o city_n and_o trade_n town_n abroad_o the_o riches_n of_o a_o city_n as_o of_o a_o nation_n consist_v in_o the_o multitude_n of_o inhabitant_n and_o if_o so_o you_o must_v allow_v inmate_n or_o have_v a_o city_n of_o cottage_n and_o if_o a_o right_a course_n be_v take_v for_o the_o sustentation_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o set_v they_o on_o work_n you_o need_v invent_v no_o stratagem_n to_o keep_v they_o out_o but_o rather_o to_o bring_v they_o in_o for_o the_o resort_n of_o poor_a to_o a_o city_n or_o nation_n well_o manage_v be_v in_o effect_n the_o conflux_n of_o riches_n to_o that_o city_n or_o nation_n and_o therefore_o the_o subtle_a dutch_a receive_v and_o relieve_v or_o employ_v all_o that_o come_v to_o they_o not_o inquire_v
a_o fine_a of_o fifty_o pound_n and_o the_o success_n have_v be_v answerable_a for_o the_o first_o company_n settle_v upon_o that_o narrow_a limit_v interest_n although_o their_o stock_n be_v large_a than_o this_o decay_a and_o final_o come_v to_o ruin_v and_o destruction_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a this_o be_v settle_v on_o more_o rational_a and_o consequent_o more_o just_a as_o well_o as_o more_o profitable_a principle_n have_v through_o god_n goodness_n thrive_v and_o increase_v to_o the_o treble_v of_o their_o first_o stock_n chap._n iu._n concern_v the_o act_n of_o navigation_n though_o this_o act_n be_v by_o most_o conclude_v a_o very_a beneficial_a act_n for_o this_o kingdom_n especial_o by_o the_o master_n and_o owner_n of_o ship_n and_o by_o all_o seaman_n yet_o some_o there_o be_v both_o wise_a and_o honest_a gentleman_n and_o merchant_n that_o doubt_n whether_o the_o inconvenience_n it_o have_v bring_v with_o it_o be_v not_o great_a than_o the_o conveniency_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o in_o relation_n to_o trade_n ship_n profit_n and_o power_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o choice_a and_o most_o prudent_a act_n that_o ever_o be_v make_v in_o england_n and_o without_o which_o we_o have_v not_o now_o be_v owner_n of_o one_o half_a of_o the_o ship_n nor_o trade_n nor_o employ_v one_o half_a of_o the_o seaman_n which_o we_o do_v at_o present_a but_o see_v time_n have_v discover_v some_o inconvenience_n in_o it_o if_o not_o defect_n which_o in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n do_v admit_v of_o a_o easy_a amendment_n and_o see_v that_o the_o whole_a act_n be_v not_o approve_v by_o unanimous_a consent_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o discourse_v a_o little_a concern_v it_o wherein_z after_o my_o plain_a method_n i_o shall_v lay_v down_o such_o objection_n as_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o and_o subjoin_v my_o answer_n with_o such_o reason_n as_o occur_v to_o my_o memory_n in_o confirmation_n of_o my_o own_o opinion_n the_o objection_n against_o the_o whole_a act_n be_v such_o as_o these_o object_n 1._o some_o have_v tell_v i_o that_o i_o on_o all_o occasion_n magnify_v the_o dutch_a policy_n in_o relation_n to_o their_o trade_n and_o the_o dutch_a have_v no_o act_n of_o navigation_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v certain_o not_o always_o in_o the_o right_n as_o to_o the_o understanding_n of_o their_o true_a interest_n in_o trade_n or_o else_o we_o be_v in_o the_o wrong_n in_o this_o i_o answer_v i_o be_o yet_o to_o be_v inform_v where_o the_o dutch_a have_v miss_v their_o proper_a interest_n in_o trade_n but_o that_o which_o be_v fit_a for_o one_o nation_n to_o do_v in_o relation_n to_o their_o trade_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o all_o no_o more_o than_o the_o same_o policy_n be_v necessary_a to_o a_o prevail_a army_n that_o be_v master_n of_o the_o field_n to_o a_o army_n of_o less_o force_n then_o to_o be_v able_a to_o encounter_v their_o enemy_n at_o all_o time_n and_o place_n the_o dutch_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a stock_n low_a interest_n multitude_n of_o merchant_n and_o ship_n be_v master_n of_o the_o field_n in_o trade_n and_o therefore_o have_v no_o need_n to_o build_v castle_n fortress_n and_o place_n of_o retreat_n such_o i_o account_v law_n of_o limitation_n and_o secure_v of_o particular_a trade_n to_o the_o native_n of_o any_o kingdom_n because_o they_o viz._n the_o dutch_a may_v be_v well_o assure_v that_o no_o nation_n can_v enter_v in_o common_a with_o they_o in_o any_o trade_n to_o gain_v bread_n by_o it_o while_o their_o own_o use_n of_o money_n be_v at_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_z and_z other_o at_z 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z and_o upward_o etc._n etc._n whereas_o if_o we_o shall_v suffer_v their_o ship_n in_o common_a with_o we_o in_o those_o trade_n which_o be_v secure_v to_o the_o english_a by_o act_n of_o navigation_n they_o must_v necessary_o in_o a_o few_o year_n for_o the_o reason_n above_o 〈…〉_o eat_v we_o quite_o out_o of_o they_o object_n 2._o the_o second_o objection_n to_o the_o whole_a act_n be_v some_o will_v confess_v that_o as_o to_o merchant_n and_o owner_n of_o ship_n the_o act_n of_o navigation_n be_v eminent_o beneficial_a but_o say_v that_o merchant_n and_o owner_n be_v but_o a_o inconsiderable_a number_n of_o man_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n and_o that_o interest_n of_o the_o great_a number_n that_o our_o native_a commodity_n and_o manufacture_n shall_v be_v take_v from_o we_o at_o the_o best_a rate_n and_o foreign_a commodity_n sell_v we_o at_o the_o cheap_a with_o admission_n of_o dutch_a merchant_n and_o ship_n in_o common_a with_o the_o english_a by_o my_o own_o implication_n will_v effect_v my_o answer_n be_v that_o i_o can_v deny_v but_o this_o may_v be_v true_a if_o the_o present_a profit_n of_o the_o generality_n be_v bare_o and_o single_o consider_v but_o this_o kingdom_n be_v a_o island_n the_o defence_n whereof_o have_v always_o be_v our_o ship_n and_o seaman_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o absolute_o necessary_a that_o profit_n and_o power_n ought_v joint_o to_o be_v consider_v and_o if_o so_o i_o think_v none_o can_v deny_v but_o the_o act_n of_o navigation_n have_v and_o do_v occasion_n building_n and_o employ_v of_o three_o time_n the_o number_n of_o ship_n and_o seaman_n that_o otherwise_o we_o shall_v or_o will_v do_v and_o that_o consequent_o if_o our_o force_n at_o sea_n be_v so_o great_o impair_v it_o will_v expose_v we_o to_o the_o receive_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o injury_n and_o affront_v from_o our_o neighbour_n and_o in_o conclusion_n render_v we_o a_o despicable_a and_o miserable_a people_n objection_n to_o several_a part_n of_o the_o act_n of_o navigation_n object_n 1._o the_o inhabitant_n and_o planter_n of_o our_o plantation_n in_o america_n say_v this_o act_n will_v in_o time_n ruin_v their_o plantation_n if_o they_o may_v not_o be_v permit_v at_o least_o to_o carry_v their_o sugar_n to_o the_o best_a market_n and_o not_o be_v compel_v to_o send_v all_o to_o and_o receive_v all_o commodity_n from_o england_n i_o answer_v if_o they_o be_v not_o keep_v to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o act_n of_o navigation_n the_o consequence_n will_v be_v that_o in_o a_o few_o year_n the_o benefit_n of_o they_o will_v be_v whole_o lose_v to_o the_o nation_n it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o policy_n of_o the_o dutch_a dane_n french_a spaniard_n portugal_n and_o all_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n to_o keep_v their_o external_a province_n and_o colony_n in_o a_o subjection_n unto_o and_o dependency_n upon_o their_o mother-kingdom_n and_o if_o they_o shall_v not_o do_v so_o the_o dutch_a who_o as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v master_n of_o the_o field_n in_o trade_n will_v carry_v away_o the_o great_a of_o advantage_n by_o the_o plantation_n of_o all_o the_o prince_n in_o christendom_n leave_v we_o and_o other_o only_o the_o trouble_n of_o breed_a man_n and_o send_v they_o abroad_o to_o cultivate_v the_o ground_n and_o have_v bread_n for_o their_o industry_n here_o by_o the_o way_n with_o entire_a submission_n to_o the_o great_a wisdom_n of_o those_o who_o it_o much_o more_o concern_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o query_n whether_o instead_o of_o the_o late_a prohibition_n of_o irish_a cattle_n it_o will_v not_o have_v be_v more_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n to_o suffer_v the_o irish_a to_o bring_v into_o england_n not_o only_o their_o live_a cattle_n but_o also_o all_o other_o commodity_n of_o the_o growth_n or_o manufacture_n of_o that_o kingdom_n custom_n free_a or_o on_o easy_a custom_n and_o to_o prohibit_v they_o from_o trading_n homeward_o or_o outward_a with_o the_o dutch_a or_o our_o own_o plantation_n or_o any_o other_o place_n except_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n most_o certain_o such_o a_o law_n will_v in_o a_o few_o year_n wonderful_o increase_v the_o trade_n ship_n and_o riches_n of_o this_o nation_n query_n 2._o will_v not_o this_o be_v a_o good_a addition_n to_o the_o act_n of_o navigation_n and_o much_o increase_v the_o employment_n of_o english_a ship_n and_o seaman_n as_o well_o in_o bring_v from_o thence_o all_o the_o commodity_n of_o that_o country_n as_o supply_v that_o country_n with_o deal_v salt_n and_o all_o other_o foreign_a commodity_n which_o now_o they_o have_v from_o the_o dutch_a que._n 3._o will_v not_o this_o be_v a_o mean_n effectual_o to_o prevent_v the_o exportation_n of_o irish_a wool_n which_o now_o go_v frequent_o into_o france_n and_o holland_n to_o the_o manifest_a and_o great_a damage_n both_o of_o england_n and_o ireland_n que_fw-fr 4._o will_v not_o this_o be_v a_o fortress_n or_o law_n to_o secure_v to_o we_o the_o whole_a trade_n of_o ireland_n que._n 5._o will_v not_o this_o render_v that_o which_o now_o diminish_v and_o seem_v dangerous_a to_o the_o value_n of_o land_n in_o england_n viz._n the_o growth_n of_o
ireland_n advantageous_a by_o increase_n of_o trade_n and_o ship_n and_o consequent_o the_o power_n of_o this_o kingdom_n object_n 2._o the_o second_o ojection_n to_o part_n of_o the_o act_n of_o navigation_n be_v usual_o make_v by_o the_o eastland_n and_o norway_n merchant_n who_o affirm_v that_o in_o effect_v their_o trade_n be_v much_o decline_v since_o the_o pass_a the_o act_n of_o navigation_n and_o the_o dane_n sweed_n holstener_n and_o all_o easterling_n who_o by_o the_o say_a act_n may_v import_n timber_n and_o other_o eastern_a commodity_n have_v increase_v in_o the_o number_n of_o their_o ship_n employ_v in_o this_o trade_n since_o our_o act_n of_o navigation_n at_o least_o two_o three_o part_n and_o the_o english_a have_v proportionable_o decline_v in_o the_o number_n of_o they_o employ_v in_o that_o trade_n i_o answer_v that_o i_o believe_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n assert_v be_v true_a as_o well_o as_o the_o cause_n assign_v viz._n the_o act_n of_o navigation_n and_o yet_o this_o shall_v not_o make_v we_o out_o of_o love_n with_o that_o excellent_a law_n rather_o let_v it_o put_v we_o upon_o contrive_v the_o amendment_n of_o this_o seem_a defect_n or_o inconvenience_n the_o cure_n whereof_o i_o hope_v upon_o mature_a consideration_n will_v not_o be_v find_v difficult_a for_o which_o i_o humble_o propound_v to_o the_o wisdom_n of_o parliament_n viz._n that_o a_o law_n be_v make_v to_o impose_v a_o custom_n of_o at_o least_o 50_o l._n per_fw-la cent_z on_o all_o eastland_n commodity_n timber_n board_n pipe-stave_n and_o salt_n import_v into_o england_n and_o ireland_n upon_o any_o ship_n but_o english_a build_v ship_n or_o at_o least_o such_o only_a as_o be_v sail_v with_o a_o english_a master_n and_o at_o least_o three_o fourth_n english_a mariner_n and_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n reas._n first_o if_o this_o be_v not_o do_v the_o dane_n sweede_n and_o easterling_n will_v certain_o in_o a_o few_o year_n carry_v the_o whole_a trade_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o charge_n of_o build_v a_o ship_n fit_a for_o that_o trade_n there_o or_o here_o viz._n a_o flyboat_n of_o 300_o tun_n new_o build_v and_o set_v to_o sea_n for_o such_o a_o voyage_n may_v cost_v there_o 13_o or_o 1400_o l._n which_o here_o will_v cost_v from_o 22_o to_o 2400_o l._n which_o be_v so_o vast_a a_o disproportion_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o a_o english_a man_n to_o cope_v with_o a_o dane_n in_o that_o navigation_n under_o such_o a_o discouragement_n to_o balance_v which_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o stranger_n duty_n which_o the_o dane_n now_o pay_v which_o may_v come_v to_o 5_o or_o 6_o l_o per_fw-la ship_n per_fw-la voyage_n at_o most_o one_o with_o another_o which_o be_v incompitable_a with_o the_o difference_n of_o price_n between_o the_o first_o cost_n of_o the_o ship_n in_o either_o nation_n and_o this_o be_v so_o evident_a to_o those_o who_o be_v conversant_a in_o those_o trade_n that_o beside_o the_o decrease_n of_o our_o ship_n and_o increase_n of_o they_o that_o have_v already_o happen_v we_o in_o probability_n have_v be_v whole_o beat_v out_o of_o the_o trade_n and_o only_o dane_n and_o easterling_n freight_v have_v we_o be_v necessitate_v to_o build_v english_a ship_n and_o have_v not_o be_v recruit_v on_o moderate_a price_n by_o fly-boat_n be_v ship_n proper_a for_o this_o trade_n take_v in_o the_o late_a dutch_a war_n and_o by_o a_o further_a supply_n of_o scotch_a prize_n likewise_o through_o his_o majesty_n permission_n and_o indulgence_n reas._n 2._o because_o the_o number_n of_o stranger_n ship_n employ_v in_o the_o aforesaid_a trade_n yearly_o i_o estimtae_fw-la to_o be_v about_o two_o hundred_o sail_n which_o if_o such_o a_o law_n be_v make_v must_v unavoidable_o be_v all_o exclude_v and_o the_o employment_n fall_v whole_o into_o english_a hand_n which_o will_v be_v a_o excellent_a nursery_n and_o give_v constant_a maintenance_n to_o a_o brave_a number_n of_o english_a seaman_n more_o than_o we_o can_v or_o do_v employ_v at_o present_a reas._o 3_o the_o act_n of_o navigation_n be_v now_o of_o seventeen_o or_o eighteen_o year_n stand_v in_o england_n and_o yet_o in_o all_o these_o year_n not_o one_o english_a ship_n have_v be_v build_v fit_a for_o this_o trade_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v that_o before_o mention_v viz._n that_o it_o be_v cheap_a freight_v of_o dane_n and_o easterlin_n and_o it_o be_v so_o and_o all_o man_n natural_o lead_v by_o their_o profit_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o in_o vain_a to_o expect_v that_o ever_o this_o law_n will_v procure_v the_o build_n of_o one_o english_a ship_n fit_a for_o that_o employment_n till_o those_o stranger_n be_v exclude_v this_o trade_n for_o england_n and_o much_o more_o improbable_a it_o be_v that_o any_o shall_v now_o be_v build_v than_o it_o be_v former_o when_o the_o act_n be_v first_o make_v because_o timber_n be_v now_o at_o almost_o double_a the_o price_n in_o england_n it_o be_v then_o the_o consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o if_o timely_a provision_n be_v not_o make_v by_o some_o additional_a law_n when_o our_o old_a stock_n of_o flemish_a prize_n be_v wear_v out_o as_o many_o of_o they_o be_v already_o we_o shall_v have_v very_o few_o or_o no_o ship_n in_o this_o trade_n the_o objection_n which_o i_o have_v hear_v make_v to_o this_o proposition_n be_v viz._n object_n 1._o if_o such_o a_o imposition_n be_v lay_v on_o those_o gross_a commodity_n import_v by_o stranger_n ship_n that_o will_v amount_v to_o the_o exclude_v all_o stranger_n from_o this_o trade_n we_o shall_v want_v ship_n in_o england_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o trade_n and_o so_o the_o commodity_n will_v not_o be_v have_v or_o else_o will_v come_v very_o dear_a to_o we_o i_o answer_v â—f_o the_o commodity_n shall_v be_v somewhat_o dear_a for_o the_o present_a it_o will_v be_v no_o loss_n to_o the_o nation_n in_o general_n because_o all_o freight_n will_v be_v pay_v to_o english_a man_n whereas_o the_o freight_n pay_v to_o stranger_n which_o upon_o thâ—se_a commodity_n be_v common_o as_o much_o or_o more_o than_o the_o value_n of_o good_n be_v all_o clear_a loss_n to_o the_o nation_n 2_o dly_z if_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o present_a want_n of_o ship_n and_o the_o parliament_n shall_v please_v to_o enjoin_v we_o to_o build_v english_a ship_n for_o this_o trade_n this_o extraordinary_a good_a effect_n will_v follow_v viz._n it_o will_v engage_v we_o to_o do_v that_o we_o never_o yet_o do_v viz._n to_o fall_v to_o build_v of_o fly-boat_n great_a ship_n of_o burden_n of_o no_o force_n and_o small_a charge_n in_o sail_v which_o will_v be_v the_o most_o profitable_a undertake_n that_o ever_o english_a man_n be_v engage_v in_o and_o that_o which_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o be_v do_v if_o ever_o we_o intend_v to_o board_v the_o dutch_a in_o their_o trade_n and_o navigation_n these_o fly-boat_n be_v the_o milch-cow_n ofâ—olland_n â—olland_z from_o which_o they_o have_v suck_v manifold_o great_a profit_n than_o from_o all_o their_o ship_n of_o force_n though_o both_o i_o know_v be_v necessary_a but_o if_o at_o first_o the_o parliament_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o enjoin_v we_o only_o to_o ship_n sail_v with_o a_o enlish_a master_n and_o three_o fourth_n english_a mariner_n the_o dane_n and_o easterlin_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v put_v out_o of_o so_o great_a a_o employment_n for_o their_o ship_n we_o shall_v buy_v ship_n proper_a for_o this_o trade_n on_o easy_a term_n of_o they_o perhaps_o for_o half_a their_o cost_n which_o under_o value_n in_o purchase_n will_v be_v a_o present_a clear_a profit_n to_o england_n object_n 2._o if_o this_o be_v do_v in_o england_n may_v not_o other_o prince_n account_v it_o hard_a and_o unreasonable_a and_o consequent_o retaliate_v the_o like_a upon_o we_o to_o answer_v this_o objection_n its_o necesary_a to_o inquire_v what_o kingdom_n and_o country_n will_v be_v concern_v in_o this_o law_n 1_o st_o then_o italy_n spain_n and_o portugal_n will_v be_v whole_o unconcern_v 2_o dly_z so_o will_v france_n who_o if_o they_o be_v concern_v can_v take_v no_o offence_n while_o they_o lie_v a_o imposition_n of_o 50_o or_o 60_o per_fw-la cent_z upon_o our_o drapery_n 3_o dly_z the_o dutch_a and_o hamburger_n will_v not_o by_o such_o additional_a law_n be_v more_o exclude_v then_o now_o they_o be_v and_o the_o latter_a will_v have_v a_o advantage_n by_o it_o in_o case_n the_o dane_n shall_v as_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v they_o will_v lay_v a_o tax_n upon_o our_o ship_n there_o for_o the_o consequence_n thereof_o will_v be_v that_o much_o of_o those_o kind_n of_o commodity_n we_o shall_v fetch_v from_o hambrough_n where_o they_o be_v plentiful_o to_o be_v have_v though_o at_o a_o little_o dear_a rate_n and_o yet_o not_o so_o dear_a but_o that_o the_o dutch_a fetch_v yearly_o thence_o 350_o
the_o useful_a stock_n of_o the_o nation_n at_o least_o one_o three_o part_n and_o great_o â—ase_v the_o course_n of_o trade_n as_o i_o humble_o conceive_v this_o will_v do_v i_o hope_v none_o will_v deny_v but_o it_o may_v consist_v with_o the_o wisdom_n of_o parliament_n to_o create_v new_a law_n 3._o most_o of_o our_o statute_n be_v make_v in_o time_n before_o we_o understand_v trade_n in_o england_n and_o the_o same_o policy_n and_o law_n that_o be_v good_a then_o and_o may_v yet_o be_v good_a for_o a_o country_n destitute_a of_o commerce_n may_v not_o be_v so_o fit_a for_o we_o now_o nor_o for_o any_o nation_n so_o abound_v with_o trade_n as_o england_n do_v at_o present_a object_n 2._o may_v not_o this_o occasion_n many_o cheat_n and_o law_n suit_v answ._n 1._o i_o answer_v no_o experience_n manifest_v the_o contrary_a not_o only_o in_o other_o kingdom_n and_o country_n abroad_o where_o transferrance_n of_o bill_n of_o debt_n be_v in_o use_n but_o even_o in_o our_o own_o where_o we_o have_v for_o many_o age_n have_v the_o experience_n of_o endorsement_n on_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o in_o this_o present_a age_n of_o the_o pass_n of_o goldsmith_n note_n from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o which_o two_o practice_n be_v very_o like_a to_o the_o design_a way_n of_o transfer_v bill_n of_o debt_n and_o yet_o no_o considerable_a cheat_n or_o inconvenience_n have_v arisen_a thereby_o answ._n 2._o no_o man_n can_v be_v cheat_v except_o it_o be_v with_o his_o own_o consent_n and_o we_o common_o say_v caveat_n emptor_n no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v force_v to_o accept_v another_o bill_n that_o himself_o do_v not_o approve_v of_o and_o no_o man_n will_v accept_v of_o another_o man_n bill_n except_o he_o know_v he_o or_o until_o he_o have_v use_v mean_n to_o satisfy_v himself_o concern_v he_o no_o more_o than_o he_o will_v sell_v his_o good_n to_o a_o stranger_n unless_o he_o have_v some_o reason_n to_o believe_v he_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v he_o object_n 3._o will_v not_o such_o a_o law_n as_o this_o be_v very_o troublesome_a especial_o in_o fair_n and_o market_n and_o also_o to_o gentleman_n and_o lady_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v force_v for_o all_o good_n they_o buy_v above_o the_o value_n of_o 10_o l._n to_o give_v bill_n under_o their_o hand_n and_o seal_n i_o answer_v this_o law_n will_v not_o at_o all_o incomode_fw-fr gentleman_n as_o to_o what_o they_o buy_v in_o shop_n etc._n etc._n neither_o those_o that_o converse_v in_o fair_n and_o market_n for_o that_o which_o gentleman_n buy_v in_o shop_n etc._n etc._n and_o other_o in_o fair_n etc._n etc._n they_o either_o pay_v or_o promise_v ready_a money_n or_o else_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o time_n or_o payment_n which_o the_o law_n understand_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o a_o promise_n of_o present_a pay_n so_o that_o if_o they_o give_v no_o bill_n there_o be_v no_o penalty_n attend_v the_o neglect_n or_o refusal_n but_o only_o that_o the_o contract_n between_o the_o buyer_n and_o seller_n shall_v be_v presume_v in_o the_o law_n to_o be_v as_o if_o it_o be_v make_v for_o ready_a money_n chap._n vi_o concern_v a_o court_n merchant_n i_o have_v conceive_v great_a hope_n from_o the_o late_a most_o prudent_a and_o charitable_a institution_n of_o that_o judicature_n for_o determination_n of_o difference_n touch_v house_n burn_v by_o the_o late_a fire_n in_o london_n that_o this_o kingdom_n will_v at_o length_n be_v bless_v with_o a_o happy_a method_n for_o the_o speedy_a easy_a and_o cheap_a decide_n of_o difference_n between_o merchant_n master_n of_o ship_n and_o seaman_n etc._n etc._n by_o some_o court_n or_o court_n of_o merchant_n like_o those_o which_o be_v establish_v in_o most_o of_o the_o great_a city_n and_o town_n in_o france_n holland_n and_o other_o place_n the_o want_n whereof_o in_o england_n be_v and_o have_v ever_o be_v a_o great_a bar_n to_o the_o progress_n and_o grandeur_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o merchant_n happen_v to_o have_v difference_n with_o master_n and_o owner_n of_o ship_n upon_o charter-party_n or_o account_n beyond_o sea_n etc._n etc._n the_o suit_n be_v common_o first_o commence_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n where_o after_o tedious_a attendance_n and_o vast_a expense_n probable_o just_a before_o the_o cause_n shall_v come_v to_o determination_n it_o be_v either_o remove_v into_o the_o deligate_n where_o it_o may_v hang_v in_o suspense_n until_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n have_v empty_a purse_n and_o grey_a head_n or_o else_o because_o most_o contract_n for_o martain_n affair_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o land_n and_o most_o accident_n happen_v in_o some_o river_n or_o harbour_n here_o or_o beyond_o sea_n be_v not_o in_o alto_fw-mi mari_fw-fr the_o defendant_n bring_v his_o writ_n of_o prohibition_n and_o remove_v the_o cause_n into_o his_o majesty_n court_n of_o king's-bench_n where_o after_o great_a expense_n of_o time_n and_o money_n it_o be_v well_o if_o we_o can_v make_v our_o own_o council_n be_v common_a lawyer_n understand_v one_o half_a of_o our_o case_n we_o be_v among_o they_o as_o in_o a_o foreign_a country_n our_o language_n strange_a to_o they_o and_o they_o as_o strange_a to_o we_o after_o all_o no_o attestation_n of_o foreign_a notary_n nor_o other_o public_a instrument_n from_o beyond_o sea_n be_v evidence_n at_o law_n and_o the_o account_n depend_v consist_v perhaps_o of_o a_o hundred_o or_o more_o several_a article_n which_o be_v as_o so_o many_o issue_n at_o law_n the_o cause_n must_v come_v into_o the_o chancery_n where_o after_o many_o year_n tedious_a travel_n to_o westminster_n with_o black_a box_n and_o green_a bag_n when_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n have_v tire_v their_o body_n distract_v their_o mind_n and_o consume_v their_o estate_n the_o cause_n if_o ever_o it_o be_v end_v be_v common_o by_o order_n of_o that_o court_n refer_v to_o merchant_n end_v miserable_o where_o it_o may_v have_v have_v at_o first_o a_o happy_a issue_n if_o it_o have_v begin_v right_o from_o whence_o follow_v these_o national_a inconvenience_n 1._o it_o be_v a_o vast_a expense_n to_o the_o person_n concern_v 2._o it_o take_v off_o man_n from_o follow_v their_o calling_n to_o the_o public_a loss_n as_o well_o as_o the_o particular_a damage_n of_o the_o concern_v that_o time_n be_v lose_v to_o the_o nation_n that_o be_v spend_v in_o law-suit_n 3._o it_o make_v man_n after_o they_o have_v once_o attain_v indifferent_a estate_n to_o leave_v trading_n and_o for_o ease_n to_o turn_v country-gentleman_n whereas_o great_a and_o experience_a man_n be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o must_v mate_v the_o dutch_a in_o trade_n if_o ever_o we_o do_v it_o 4._o it_o be_v my_o opinion_n a_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o prodigality_n idleness_n and_o injustice_n of_o many_o of_o our_o master_n of_o ship_n in_o england_n and_o consequent_o a_o wonderful_a bar_n to_o the_o growth_n of_o our_o english_a navigation_n who_o know_v that_o their_o owner_n can_v legal_o eject_v they_o especial_o if_o the_o master_n have_v a_o part_n of_o the_o ship_n himself_o but_o that_o remedy_n to_o the_o owner_n will_v be_v worse_o than_o the_o disease_n which_o occasion_n master_n to_o presume_v to_o do_v those_o thing_n and_o be_v guilty_a of_o such_o neglect_v as_o natural_o they_o will_v not_o if_o they_o stand_v more_o upon_o their_o good_a behaviour_n i_o can_v say_v much_o more_o of_o the_o damage_n this_o nation_n sustain_v by_o the_o want_n of_o a_o law-merchant_n but_o that_o be_v so_o evident_a to_o all_o man_n experience_n that_o i_o shall_v not_o long_o insist_v upon_o it_o but_o proceed_v humble_o to_o propose_v some_o particular_n which_o be_v due_o consider_v may_v peradventure_o by_o wise_a head_n be_v improve_v towards_o the_o cure_n of_o this_o evil_a viz._n 1._o that_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v erect_v within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n a_o stand_a court-merchant_n to_o consist_v of_o twelve_o able_a merchant_n such_o as_o shall_v be_v choose_v by_o the_o livery_n man_n of_o the_o say_a city_n in_o their_o common_a hall_n at_o the_o time_n and_o in_o the_o manner_n herein_o after_o limit_v and_o appoint_v 2._o that_o the_o say_v twelve_o person_n so_o to_o be_v elect_v or_o any_o three_o or_o more_o of_o they_o sit_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o place_n and_o not_o otherwise_o shall_v be_v account_v judiciary_n merchant_n and_o authorize_v to_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o difference_n and_o demand_n whatsoever_o which_o have_v arisen_a and_o be_v not_o hitherto_o determine_v or_o may_v any_o way_n arise_v between_o merchant_n tradesman_n artificer_n master_n and_o owner_n of_o ship_n seaman_n boat-man_n and_o freighter_n of_o ship_n or_o any_o other_o person_n have_v relation_n to_o merchandize_v trade_n or_o ship_n for_o or_o concern_v any_o
in_o the_o outpart_n of_o london_n upon_o this_o point_n of_o naturalisation_n many_o man_n make_v a_o great_a doubt_n whether_o it_o be_v for_o public_a good_a to_o permit_v the_o jew_n to_o be_v naturalize_v in_o common_a with_o other_o stranger_n those_o that_o be_v against_o their_o admission_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v merchant_n urge_v these_o reason_n 1._o they_o say_v the_o jew_n be_v a_o subtle_a people_n pry_v into_o all_o kind_n of_o trade_n and_o thereby_o deprive_v the_o english_a merchant_n of_o that_o profit_n he_o will_v otherwise_o gain_v 2._o they_o be_v a_o penurious_a people_n live_v miserable_o and_o therefore_o can_v and_o do_v afford_v to_o trade_v for_o less_o profit_n than_o the_o english_a to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n 3._o they_o bring_v no_o estate_n with_o they_o but_o set_v up_o with_o their_o pen_n and_o ink_n only_o and_o if_o after_o some_o few_o year_n they_o thrive_v and_o grow_v rich_a they_o carry_v away_o their_o riches_n with_o they_o to_o some_o other_o country_n be_v a_o people_n that_o can_v mix_v with_o we_o which_o riches_n be_v carry_v away_o be_v a_o public_a loss_n to_o this_o kingdom_n those_o that_o be_v for_o the_o admission_n of_o the_o jew_n say_v in_o answer_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a reason_n viz._n 1_o st_o the_o subtle_a the_o jew_n be_v and_o the_o more_o trade_n they_o pry_v into_o while_o they_o live_v here_o the_o more_o they_o be_v like_a to_o increase_v trade_n and_o the_o more_o they_o do_v that_o the_o better_a it_o be_v for_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n though_o the_o worse_a for_o the_o english_a merchant_n who_o comparitive_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n be_v not_o one_o of_o a_o thousand_o 2_o dly_z the_o thrifty_a they_o live_v the_o better_a example_n to_o our_o people_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n more_o conduce_v to_o enrich_v a_o kingdom_n then_o thriftiness_n 3_o dly_z it_o be_v deny_v that_o they_o bring_v over_o nothing_o with_o they_o for_o many_o have_v bring_v hither_o very_o good_a estate_n and_o hundred_o more_o will_v do_v the_o like_a and_o settle_v here_o for_o their_o life_n and_o their_o posterity_n after_o they_o if_o they_o have_v the_o same_o freedom_n and_o security_n here_o as_o they_o have_v in_o holland_n and_o italy_n where_o the_o grand_a duke_n of_o tuscanâ—y_n and_o other_o prince_n allow_v they_o not_o only_o perfect_a liberty_n and_o security_n but_o give_v they_o the_o privilege_n of_o make_v law_n among_o themselves_o and_o that_o they_o will_v reside_v with_o we_o be_v prove_v from_o the_o know_a principle_n of_o nature_n viz._n principle_n 1._o all_o man_n by_o nature_n be_v alike_o as_o i_o have_v before_o demonstrate_v and_o mr_n hobbs_n have_v true_o assert_v how_o erroneous_a soever_o he_o may_v be_v in_o other_o thing_n princip_n 2._o fear_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o hatred_n and_o hatred_n of_o separation_n from_o as_o well_o as_o evil_a deed_n to_o the_o party_n or_o government_n hate_v when_o opportunity_n be_v offer_v this_o by_o the_o way_n show_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o bare_a connivance_n at_o dissenter_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n and_o a_o toleration_n by_o law_n the_o former_a keep_v they_o continual_o in_o fear_n and_o consequent_o apt_a to_o sedition_n and_o rebellion_n when_o any_o probable_a occasion_n of_o success_n present_v the_o latter_a disarm_v cunning_a ambitious_a mind_a man_n who_o want_v a_o popular_a discontent_a party_n to_o work_v upon_o can_v effect_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o government_n and_o this_o methinks_v discover_v clear_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o lutheran_n in_o germany_n protestant_n in_o france_n greek_n in_o turkey_n and_o sectary_n in_o holland_n be_v such_o quiet_a peaceable-minded-man_n while_o our_o nonconformist_n in_o england_n be_v say_v to_o be_v enclinable_a to_o strife_n war_n and_o bloodshed_n take_v away_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n will_v cease_v while_o the_o law_n be_v in_o force_n against_o man_n they_o think_v the_o sword_n hang_v over_o their_o head_n and_o be_v always_o in_o fear_n though_o the_o execution_n be_v suspend_v not_o know_v how_o soon_o council_n or_o counsellor_n time_n or_o person_n may_v change_v it_o be_v only_o perfect_a love_n that_o cast_v out_o fear_n and_o all_o man_n be_v in_o love_n with_o liberty_n and_o security_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o the_o industrious_a bee_n have_v sting_n though_o drone_n have_v not_o yet_o bee_n sting_v not_o except_o those_o that_o hurt_v they_o or_o disturb_v their_o hive_n it_o be_v say_v the_o jew_n can_v intermarry_v with_o we_o and_o therefore_o it_o can_v be_v suppose_v they_o will_v reside_v long_o among_o we_o although_o they_o be_v treat_v never_o so_o kind_o why_o not_o reside_v here_o as_o well_o as_o in_o italy_n poland_n or_o holland_n they_o have_v now_o no_o country_n of_o their_o own_o to_o go_v to_o and_o therefore_o that_o be_v their_o country_n and_o must_v needs_o be_v so_o esteem_v by_o they_o where_o they_o be_v best_a use_v and_o have_v the_o great_a security_n chap._n viii_o concern_v wool_n and_o woollen_a manufacture_n that_o wool_n be_v eminent_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o english_a riches_n i_o have_v not_o hear_v deny_v by_o any_o and_o that_o therefore_o all_o possible_a mean_n ought_v to_o be_v use_v to_o keep_v it_o within_o our_o own_o kingdom_n be_v general_o confess_v and_o to_o this_o purpose_n most_o of_o our_o modern_a parliament_n have_v strenuous_o endeavour_v the_o contrive_n of_o severe_a law_n to_o prevent_v its_o exportation_n and_o the_o last_o act_n make_v it_o felony_n to_o ship_n out_o wool_n woolfels_n etc._n etc._n notwithstanding_o which_v we_o see_v that_o english_a and_o irish_a wool_n go_v over_o so_o plentiful_o that_o it_o be_v within_o a_o very_a small_a matter_n as_o cheap_a in_o holland_n as_o in_o england_n the_o mean_n to_o prevent_v this_o evil_a by_o additional_a penal_a law_n and_o alteration_n of_o some_o of_o those_o now_o in_o be_v be_v long_o under_o debate_n by_o his_o majesty_n command_n in_o the_o council_n of_o trade_n who_o according_a to_o their_o duty_n take_v great_a pain_n therein_o and_o since_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v the_o same_o thing_n be_v under_o consideration_n in_o parliament_n so_o that_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o in_o due_a time_n we_o shall_v see_v some_o more_o effectual_a law_n enact_v to_o this_o purpose_n as_o well_o in_o relation_n to_o ireland_n from_o whence_o the_o great_a of_o this_o mischief_n proceed_v as_o in_o england_n then_o ever_o yet_o have_v be_v yet_o i_o do_v utter_o despair_v of_o ever_o see_v this_o disease_n perfect_o cure_v till_o the_o cause_n thereof_o be_v remove_v which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v one_a height_n of_o interest_n in_o england_n which_o a_o abatement_n by_o law_n to_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z will_v cure_v two_o want_v of_o hand_n which_o a_o act_n of_o naturalisation_n will_v cure_v three_o compulsion_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n which_o some_o relaxation_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n i_o hope_v will_v effectual_o cure_v for_o while_o our_o neighbour_n through_o the_o cheap_a valuation_n of_o their_o stock_n can_v afford_v to_o trade_n and_o disburse_v their_o money_n for_o less_o profit_n than_o we_o as_o have_v be_v i_o think_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o foregoing_a discourse_n and_o have_v more_o hand_n to_o employ_v than_o we_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o large_a immunity_n and_o privilege_n they_o give_v both_o to_o native_n and_o foreigner_n there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o they_o will_v be_v able_a to_o give_v a_o better_a price_n for_o our_o wool_n than_o we_o can_v afford_v ourselves_o and_o they_o that_o can_v give_v the_o best_a price_n for_o a_o commodity_n shall_v never_o fail_v to_o have_v it_o by_o one_o mean_n or_o other_o notwithstanding_o the_o opposition_n of_o any_o law_n or_o interposition_n of_o any_o power_n by_o sea_n or_o land_n of_o such_o force_n subtlety_n and_o violence_n be_v the_o general_a course_n of_o trade_n object_n but_o some_o may_v say_v and_o take_v it_o as_o well_o from_o what_o i_o have_v write_v elsewhere_o as_o from_o their_o own_o observation_n will_v not_o the_o well-making_a of_o our_o woollen-manufacture_n contribute_v much_o to_o the_o keep_n of_o our_o wool_n natural_o within_o our_o own_o kingdom_n i_o answer_v doubtless_o it_o will_v have_v a_o great_a tendency_n thereunto_o but_o can_v never_o effect_v it_o till_o the_o aforesaid_a radical_a cause_n of_o this_o disease_n be_v remove_v which_o bring_v i_o to_o the_o next_o question_n viz._n what_o will_v improve_v our_o woollen-manufacture_n in_o quality_n and_o quantity_n this_o be_v a_o very_a great_a question_n and_o require_v very_o deliberate_a and_o serious_a consideration_n but_o i_o shall_v write_v my_o present_a thought_n concern_v it_o
desire_v those_o gentleman_n pardon_n from_o who_o i_o may_v differ_v in_o opinion_n have_v this_o to_o say_v for_o myself_o that_o i_o do_v it_o not_o rash_o this_o be_v a_o business_n that_o i_o have_v many_o year_n consider_v of_o and_o that_o not_o solitary_o but_o upon_o converse_n with_o the_o most_o skilful_a man_n in_o our_o several_a english_a woollen_a manufacture_n 1._o then_o i_o say_v those_o three_o forementioned_a particular_n which_o will_v natural_o keep_v our_o wool_n at_o home_n will_v as_o natural_o increase_v our_o woollen-manufacture_n 2._o negative_o i_o think_v that_o very_o few_o of_o our_o law_n now_o in_o force_n to_o this_o purpose_n though_o our_o statute-book_n be_v replenish_v with_o many_o have_v any_o tendency_n thereunto_o nor_o any_o thing_n i_o have_v yet_o see_v in_o print_n for_o 1_o st_o all_z our_o law_n relate_v to_o the_o aulnegeor_n duty_n every_o body_n know_v signify_v nothing_o to_o the_o increase_n or_o well-making_a our_o manufacture_n but_o be_v rather_o chargeable_a and_o prejudicial_a 2_o dly_z all_o our_o law_n that_o oblige_v our_o people_n to_o the_o make_n of_o strong_a substantial_a and_o as_o we_o call_v it_o loyal_a cloth_n of_o a_o certain_a length_n breadth_n and_o weight_n if_o they_o be_v due_o put_v in_o execution_n will_v in_o my_o opinion_n do_v more_o hurt_n than_o good_a because_o the_o humour_n and_o fashion_n of_o the_o world_n change_n and_o at_o sometime_o in_o some_o place_n as_o now_o in_o most_o slight_a cheap_a light_a cloth_n will_v sell_v more_o plentiful_o and_o better_a than_o that_o which_o be_v heavy_a strong_a and_o true_a wrought_v and_o if_o we_o intend_v to_o have_v the_o trade_n of_o the_o world_n we_o must_v imitate_v the_o dutch_a who_o make_v the_o worst_a as_o well_o as_o the_o best_a of_o all_o manufacture_n that_o we_o may_v be_v in_o a_o capacity_n of_o serve_v all_o market_n and_o all_o humour_n 3_o dly_z i_o conclude_v all_o our_o law_n limit_v the_o number_n of_o loom_n number_v or_o kind_n of_o servant_n and_o time_n of_o work_v to_o be_v certain_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o clothing_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n though_o they_o be_v advantageous_a to_o some_o particular_a man_n or_o place_n who_o first_o procure_v those_o law_n of_o restriction_n and_o limitation_n 4_o thly_a i_o think_v all_o those_o law_n be_v prejudicial_a that_o prohibit_v a_o weaver_n from_o be_v a_o full_a tucker_n or_o dyar_n or_o a_o full_a or_o tucker_n from_o keep_v a_o loom_n 5_o thly_a i_o conculde_v that_o stretch_n of_o cloth_n by_o tentor_n though_o it_o be_v sometime_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o cloth_n be_v yet_o absolute_o necessary_a to_o the_o trade_n of_o england_n and_o that_o the_o excess_n of_o strain_v can_v be_v certain_o limit_v by_o any_o law_n but_o must_v be_v lâ—ft_v to_o the_o seller_n or_o exporter_n discretion_n who_o best_o know_v what_o will_v please_v his_o customer_n beyond_o the_o sea_n beside_o if_o we_o shall_v whole_o prohibit_v strain_v of_o cloth_n the_o dutch_a as_o they_o have_v often_o do_v will_v buy_v our_o unstrain_a cloth_n and_o carry_v it_o into_o holland_n and_o there_o strain_v it_o to_o six_o or_o seven_o yard_n per_fw-la piece_n more_o in_o length_n and_o make_v it_o look_v a_o little_a better_o to_o the_o eye_n and_o after_o that_o carry_v it_o abroad_o to_o turkey_n and_o other_o market_n and_o there_o beat_v we_o out_o of_o trade_n with_o our_o own_o weapon_n but_o some_o may_v then_o ask_v i_o whether_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v for_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o england_n to_o leave_v all_o man_n at_o liberty_n to_o make_v what_o cloth_n and_o sâ—uffs_n they_o please_v how_o they_o will_v where_o and_o when_o they_o will_v of_o any_o length_n or_o size_n i_o answer_v yes_o certain_o in_o my_o judgement_n it_o will_v be_v so_o except_o such_o species_n only_o as_o his_o majesty_n &_o the_o parliament_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o make_v staple_n as_o suppose_v colchester_n bayeâ—_n perpetuanoes_n cheanye_n and_o some_o other_o sort_n of_o norwich_n stuff_v to_o be_v allow_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o public_a seal_n by_o which_o to_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v here_o and_o beyond_o sea_n as_o if_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o public_a faith_n of_o england_n and_o wherever_o such_o seal_n be_v allow_v or_o shall_v be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v affix_v to_o any_o commodity_n i_o will_v desire_v the_o commodity_n shall_v be_v exact_o make_v according_a to_o the_o institution_n and_o always_o keep_v to_o its_o certain_a length_n breadth_n and_o goodness_n but_o in_o case_n any_o shall_v make_v of_o the_o say_a commodity_n worse_a than_o the_o institution_n i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v most_o for_o the_o public_a advantage_n to_o impose_v no_o penalty_n upon_o they_o but_o only_o deny_v they_o the_o benefit_n and_o reputation_n of_o the_o public_a seal_n to_o such_o bay_n or_o stuff_n as_o shall_v be_v so_o insufficient_a which_o in_o my_o opinion_n will_v be_v punishment_n 〈…〉_o those_o that_o shall_v make_v worse_o than_o thâ—_n standard_n and_o advantage_n enough_o to_o those_o that_o shall_v keep_v to_o it_o 2._o for_o all_o cloth_n and_o stuff_v not_o be_v make_v staples_n i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v of_o very_o great_a use_n that_o the_o maker_n do_v weave_v in_o their_o mark_n and_o affix_v their_o own_o seal_n contain_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o the_o piece_n as_o have_v be_v provide_v in_o some_o statute_n and_o that_o no_o maker_n under_o severe_a penalty_n shall_v use_v another_o mark_n or_o seal_n with_o such_o penalty_n to_o every_o marker_n or_o seller_n who_o cloth_n or_o stuff_n shall_v not_o contain_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n set_v upon_o the_o seal_n as_o his_o majesty_n and_o the_o parliament_n shall_v think_v sit_v 3._o if_o the_o maker_n of_o all_o stuff_n whatsoever_o for_o exportation_n whether_o sâ—aples_n or_o not_o which_o be_v common_o sell_v by_o the_o piece_n and_o not_o by_o the_o yard_n or_o ell_n be_v oblige_v to_o make_v they_o no_o short_a than_o ancient_o they_o have_v be_v make_v the_o particular_a length_n of_o each_o sort_n whereof_o may_v be_v provide_v for_o and_o express_v in_o the_o act_n this_o good_a effect_n will_v follow_v upon_o it_o viz._n at_o all_o foreign_a market_n where_o we_o pay_v a_o great_a custom_n by_o the_o piece_n according_a to_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n currant_n in_o the_o several_a country_n we_o shall_v pay_v but_o the_o same_o custom_n abroad_o for_o a_o piece_n of_o full_a length_n which_o now_o we_o do_v for_o one_o that_o iâ—_n short_a notwithstanding_o i_o conceive_v it_o will_v be_v expedient_a to_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o maker_n discretion_n to_o make_v their_o piece_n as_o much_o long_a as_o they_o please_v chap._n ix_o concern_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n that_o the_o greatness_n of_o this_o kingdom_n depend_v upon_o foreign_a trade_n be_v acknowledge_v and_o therefore_o the_o interest_n of_o trade_n not_o unbecoming_a person_n of_o the_o high_a rank_n and_o of_o this_o study_n as_o well_o as_o other_o it_o may_v be_v say_v there_o be_v a_o infinite_a in_o it_o none_o though_o of_o the_o large_a intelect_v and_o experience_n be_v able_a to_o fathom_v its_o utmost_a depth_n among_o other_o thing_n relate_v to_o trade_n their_o have_v be_v much_o discourse_n of_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n the_o right_a understanding_n whereof_o may_v be_v of_o singular_a use_n and_o serve_v as_o a_o compass_n to_o steer_v by_o in_o the_o contemplation_n and_o propagation_n of_o trade_n for_o public_a advantage_n the_o balance_n of_o trade_n be_v common_o understand_v two_o way_n 1._o general_o something_o whereby_o it_o may_v be_v know_v whether_o this_o kingdom_n gain_v or_o lose_v by_o foreign_a trade_n 2._o particular_o something_o whereby_o we_o may_v know_v by_o what_o trade_n this_o kingdom_n gain_v and_o by_o what_o trade_n it_o lose_v for_o the_o first_o of_o these_o it_o be_v the_o most_o general_a receive_v opinion_n and_o that_o not_o ill_o ground_v that_o this_o balance_n be_v to_o be_v take_v by_o a_o strict_a scrutiny_n of_o what_o proportion_n the_o value_n of_o the_o commodity_n export_v out_o of_o this_o kingdom_n bear_v to_o those_o import_v and_o if_o the_o export_n exceed_v the_o import_v it_o be_v conclude_v the_o nation_n get_v by_o the_o general_a course_n of_o its_o trade_n it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o over-plush_n be_v import_v in_o bulloin_n and_o so_o add_v to_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n gold_n and_o silver_n be_v take_v for_o the_o measure_n and_o standard_n of_o riches_n 2._o this_o rule_n be_v not_o only_o common_o apply_v to_o the_o general_a course_n of_o foreign_a trade_n but_o to_o particular_a trade_n to_o and_o from_o this_o nation_n to_o any_o other_o now_o although_o this_o notion_n have_v much_o of_o
answer_v yes_o certain_o there_o be_v quest._n 2._o his_o lordship_n second_o question_n be_v may_v not_o a_o private_a merchant_n be_v or_o seem_v to_o be_v owner_n of_o much_o ship_n drive_v a_o great_a trade_n receive_v and_o send_v out_o many_o good_n and_o yet_o decline_v and_o grow_v poor_a notwithstanding_o all_o his_o tumble_a and_o bussel_v i_o answer_v yes_o certain_o he_o may_v but_o this_o will_v soon_o appear_v either_o while_o he_o live_v or_o at_o his_o death_n and_o his_o great_a trade_n will_v come_v to_o be_v but_o a_o small_a one_o or_o none_o at_o all_o but_o that_o man_n who_o drive_v a_o great_a trade_n and_o be_v owner_n or_o employer_n of_o much_o ship_n and_o do_v all_o his_o day_n continue_v and_o increase_v in_o trade_n and_o ship_n and_o his_o son_n or_o successor_n after_o he_o and_o after_o he_o his_o grand_a son_n etc._n etc._n this_o will_v be_v a_o indisputable_a evidence_n that_o that_o person_n or_o family_n do_v thrive_v by_o their_o trade_n for_o if_o they_o have_v not_o thrive_v their_o trade_n will_v not_o have_v long_o continue_v muchless_a increase_v this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o nation_n and_o this_o through_o god_n goodness_n be_v the_o case_n of_o england_n as_o bad_a as_o we_o be_v at_o present_a the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v as_o evident_a as_o the_o first_o for_o where_o a_o great_a trade_n be_v drive_v especial_o where_o much_o ship_n be_v employ_v whatever_o become_v of_o the_o poor_a merchant_n that_o drive_v the_o trade_n multitude_n of_o people_n will_v be_v certain_a gainer_n as_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o officer_n of_o custom_n beside_o shipwright_n butcher_n brewer_n baker_n rope-maker_n porter_n seaman_n manufacturer_n carman_n lighter-man_n and_o all_o other_o artificer_n and_o people_n that_o depend_v on_o trade_n and_o ship_n which_o indeed_o more_o or_o less_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n do_v but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v again_o if_o this_o increase_n of_o trade_n depend_v upon_o and_o proceed_v from_o our_o ordinary_a importation_n for_o which_o our_o ready_a money_n go_v out_o it_o will_v impoverish_v we_o i_o answer_v in_o some_o case_n it_o may_v be_v so_o and_o in_o some_o case_n as_o i_o have_v already_o demonstrate_v it_o may_v be_v otherwise_o but_o that_o will_v best_o be_v know_v by_o the_o effect_n for_o if_o we_o be_v impoverish_v our_o general_a trade_n and_o our_o ship_n will_v necessary_o and_o visible_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o and_o must_v rational_o and_o unavoidable_o do_v so_o for_o that_o be_v impoverish_v we_o shall_v lose_v our_o tool_n our_o stock_n to_o drive_v a_o great_a trade_n with_o whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o our_o trade_n in_o the_o gross_a bulk_n of_o it_o though_o we_o may_v decline_v in_o some_o do_v still_o increase_v especial_o our_o ship_n for_o a_o long_a tract_n of_o year_n it_o be_v infallible_a proof_n of_o our_o thrive_a by_o our_o trade_n and_o that_o we_o be_v still_o get_v more_o tool_n more_o stock_n to_o trade_v with_o some_o there_o be_v will_v limit_v this_o discovery_n to_o the_o increase_n and_o dimunition_n of_o our_o coin_n and_o bulloin_v but_o because_o that_o be_v more_o secret_a and_o indiscernible_a it_o can_v i_o conceive_v afford_v so_o clear_a a_o demonstration_n as_o the_o other_o if_o any_o at_o all_o for_o that_o money_n seem_v to_o vulgar_a observer_n most_o plentiful_a when_o there_o be_v least_o occasion_n for_o it_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a more_o scarce_o as_o the_o occasion_n for_o the_o employment_n thereof_o be_v more_o numerous_a and_o advantageous_a according_a to_o which_o we_o shall_v seem_v to_o have_v most_o money_n when_o we_o have_v the_o least_o trade_n and_o yet_o then_o certain_o the_o nation_n get_v least_o this_o be_v apparent_a to_o those_o that_o will_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o east-india-company_n have_v a_o great_a sale_n to_o make_v than_o money_n be_v general_o find_v to_o be_v scarce_o in_o london_n not_o that_o be_v so_o in_o reality_n more_o than_o at_o other_o time_n but_o because_o that_o extraordinary_a occasion_n engage_v man_n to_o employ_v quantity_n which_o they_o provide_v and_o lay_v aside_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o a_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n make_v money_n seem_v scarce_o because_o every_o man_n then_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o can_v make_v up_o a_o small_a sum_n send_v it_o into_o the_o goldsmith_n whereof_o more_o be_v say_v before_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o this_o discourse_n i_o answer_v that_o though_o the_o study_n of_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n in_o this_o last_o mention_v respect_n be_v a_o study_n very_o ingenious_a and_o commendable_a yet_o in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n the_o enquiry_n whether_o we_o get_v or_o lose_v do_v not_o so_o much_o deserve_v our_o great_a pain_n and_o care_n as_o how_o we_o may_v be_v sure_a to_o get_v the_o former_a be_v of_o no_o use_n but_o in_o order_n to_o the_o latter_a and_o this_o therefore_o lead_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o other_o balance_n of_o trade_n as_o most_o useful_a and_o necessary_a viz._n what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o england_n to_o improve_v the_o trade_n thereof_o to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o to_o equalise_v or_o overbalance_n our_o neighbour_n in_o our_o national_a profit_n by_o our_o foreign_a trade_n i_o answer_v this_o be_v a_o large_a and_o extensive_a question_n and_o require_v to_o resolve_v it_o the_o great_a skill_n and_o experience_n both_o in_o affair_n of_o state_n and_o trade_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v only_o make_v a_o essay_n towards_o it_o which_o the_o whole_a discourse_n foregoing_a be_v and_o therefore_o i_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v accept_v of_o my_o good_a affection_n to_o my_o country_n herein_o though_o he_o meet_v not_o with_o that_o full_a satisfaction_n he_o may_v expect_v and_o wish_v foâ—_n the_o method_n i_o propose_v for_o the_o further_o answer_v of_o this_o great_a question_n be_v follow_v my_o own_o principle_n that_o if_o trade_n be_v great_a and_o much_o english_a ship_n employ_v it_o will_v be_v good_a for_o the_o nation_n in_o general_n whatever_o it_o may_v be_v for_o private_a merchant_n first_o to_o lay_v down_o some_o general_a rule_n for_o the_o enlargement_n of_o trade_n in_o england_n and_o then_o some_o way_n of_o reduce_v those_o general_a rule_n into_o use_n and_o practice_n the_o general_a rule_n for_o the_o enlargement_n of_o trade_n be_v not_o many_o 1._o increase_v hand_n in_o trade_n 2._o increase_v stock_n in_o trade_n 3._o make_v trade_n easy_a and_o ncessary_a i._n e._n make_v it_o our_o interest_n to_o trade_n 4._o make_v it_o the_o interest_n of_o other_o nation_n to_o trade_n with_o we_o 1._o to_o increase_v hand_n in_o trade_n the_o follow_a particular_n will_v much_o contribute_v one_a a_o act_n of_o naturalisation_n beforementioned_a 2._o some_o enlargement_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o society_n of_o merchant_n as_o before-limitted_n 3._o a_o more_o easy_a and_o free_a admission_n of_o inhabitant_n merchant_n and_o artificer_n to_o be_v burgher_n of_o our_o city_n and_o bourough_n 4._o not_o to_o hinder_v any_o man_n from_o keep_v as_o many_o servant_n as_o he_o can_v nor_o loom_n working-tool_n etc._n etc._n 5._o to_o abate_v the_o interest_n of_o money_n as_o aforesaid_a 6._o some_o relaxation_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n will_v keep_v our_o own_o people_n at_o home_n and_o invite_v other_o to_o we_o and_o consequent_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o our_o hand_n in_o trade_n 7._o employ_v educate_v and_o relieve_v the_o poor_a so_o as_o they_o may_v neither_o be_v idle_a nor_o perish_v for_o want_n or_o leave_v the_o land_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o misery_n 8._o give_v such_o honour_n and_o perferment_n to_o merchant_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o their_o experience_n &_o education_n have_v fit_v they_o for_o will_v doubtless_o increase_v their_o number_n te_fw-la increase_v our_o stock_n in_o trade_n 1._o all_o the_o six_o foregoing_a particular_n will_v very_o much_o contribute_v especial_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n because_o bring_v in_o of_o more_o stock_n for_o that_o the_o person_n engage_v in_o trade_n must_v necessary_o bring_v in_o their_o stock_n with_o they_o if_o they_o have_v any_o and_o for_o artiâ—icers_n that_o have_v none_o their_o labour_n in_o consequence_n will_v generate_v stock_n to_o the_o nation_n and_o increase_v that_o we_o have_v already_o 2._o a_o law_n for_o transferrance_n of_o bill_n of_o debt_n as_o beforementioned_a will_v much_o and_o speedy_o augment_v our_o useful_a stock_n 3._o the_o restrain_v of_o the_o trade_n of_o our_o own_o plantation_n whole_o to_o england_n and_o prevent_v all_o kind_n of_o abuse_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o act_n of_o trade_n and_o navigation_n will_v tend_v much_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o stock_n in_o trade_n 4._o the_o secure_n
english_a cloth_n and_o from_o who_o territory_n we_o receive_v great_a quantity_n of_o currant_n purchase_v with_o our_o ready_a money_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o advantageous_a for_o england_n that_o that_o importation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o importation_n of_o wrought-glasse_n drinking-glass_n and_o other_o manufacture_n from_o thence_o shall_v be_v discourage_v it_o be_v suppose_v we_o can_v now_o make_v they_o as_o well_o ourselves_o in_o england_n the_o trade_n for_o cannary-wine_n i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o most_o pernicious_a trade_n to_o england_n because_o those_o island_n consume_v very_o little_a of_o our_o manufacture_n fish_n or_o other_o english_a commodity_n neither_o do_v they_o furnish_v we_o with_o any_o commodity_n to_o be_v further_o manufacture_v here_o or_o re-exported_n the_o wine_n we_o bring_v from_o thence_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n purchase_v with_o ready_a money_n so_o that_o to_o my_o apprehension_n something_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v do_v to_o compel_v those_o islander_n to_o spend_v more_o of_o our_o english_a commodity_n and_o to_o sell_v their_o wine_n cheap_a which_o every_o year_n they_o advance_v in_o price_n or_o else_o to_o lessen_v the_o consumption_n of_o they_o in_o england_n i_o have_v in_o this_o last_o discourse_n of_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n as_o well_o as_o in_o my_o former_a confine_v myself_o to_o write_v only_o general_a head_n and_o principle_n that_o relate_v unto_o trade_n in_o general_n not_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a trade_n because_o the_o several_a trade_n to_o several_a country_n may_v require_v distinct_a and_o particular_a consideration_n respect_v the_o time_n place_n competitor_n with_o we_o and_o other_o circumstance_n to_o find_v out_o wherein_o our_o advantage_n or_o disadvantage_n lie_v and_o how_o to_o improve_v the_o former_a and_o prevent_v the_o latter_a but_o as_o this_o will_v be_v too_o great_a a_o work_n for_o one_o man_n so_o i_o fear_v it_o will_v make_v this_o too_o great_a a_o book_n to_o be_v well_o read_v and_o consider_v but_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o this_o treatise_n i_o have_v brief_o mention_v many_o particular_a trade_n that_o we_o have_v lose_v and_o be_v lose_v and_o by_o what_o mean_n and_o many_o trade_n that_o we_o yet_o retain_v and_o be_v increase_a and_o how_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v so_o which_o may_v give_v some_o light_n to_o a_o clear_a discovery_n and_o inspection_n into_o particular_a trade_n unto_o which_o ingenious_a man_n that_o have_v heart_n to_o serve_v their_o country_n in_o this_o so_o necessary_a work_n at_o this_o time_n may_v add_v and_o further_o improve_v by_o the_o advantage_n of_o ability_n to_o express_v their_o sentiment_n in_o a_o more_o intelligible_a and_o pausible_a style_n but_o when_o i_o and_o other_o have_v say_v all_o we_o can_v a_o low_a interest_n be_v as_o the_o soul_n to_o the_o body_n of_o trade_n it_o be_v the_o sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la to_o the_o prosperity_n and_o advancement_n to_o the_o land_n and_o trade_n of_o england_n chap._n x._o concern_v plantation_n the_o trade_n of_o our_o english_a plantation_n in_o america_n be_v now_o of_o as_o great_a bulk_n and_o employ_v as_o much_o ship_n as_o most_o of_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o kingdom_n it_o seem_v not_o unnecessary_a to_o discourse_n more_o at_o large_a concern_v the_o nature_n of_o â—lantations_n and_o the_o good_a or_o evil_a consequence_n of_o tâ—em_n in_o relation_n to_o this_o and_o other_o kingdom_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o some_o gentleman_n of_o no_o mean_a capacity_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o his_o majesty_n be_v plantation_n abroad_o have_v very_o much_o prejudice_v this_o kingdom_n by_o drain_n we_o of_o our_o people_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o which_o opinion_n they_o urge_v the_o example_n of_o spain_n which_o they_o say_v be_v almost_o ruin_v by_o the_o depopulation_n which_o the_o west-indies_n have_v occasion_v to_o the_o end_n therefore_o a_o more_o particular_a scrutiny_n may_v be_v make_v into_o this_o maâ—ter_n i_o shall_v humble_o offer_v my_o opinion_n in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n and_o then_o give_v those_o reason_n of_o probability_n which_o present_o occur_v to_o my_o memory_n in_o confirmation_n of_o each_o proposition_n 1._o first_o i_o agree_v that_o land_n though_o excellent_a without_o hand_n proportionable_a will_v not_o enrich_v any_o kingdom_n 2._o that_o whatever_o tend_v to_o the_o depopulate_v of_o a_o kingdom_n tend_v to_o the_o impoverishment_n of_o it_o 3._o tâ—at_n most_o nation_n in_o the_o civilise_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v more_o or_o less_o rich_a or_o poor_a proportionable_o to_o the_o paucity_n or_o plenty_n of_o their_o people_n and_o not_o to_o the_o sterility_n or_o fruitfulness_n of_o their_o landâ—_n 4._o i_o do_v not_o agree_v that_o our_o people_n in_o england_n be_v in_o any_o considerable_a measure_n abate_v by_o reason_n of_o our_o foreign_a plantation_n but_o propose_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_n 5._o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o we_o â—ad_v immediate_o before_o the_o late_a plague_n many_o more_o people_n in_o england_n then_o we_o have_v before_o the_o inhabit_v of_o virginia_n new-england_n barbadoe_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o american_n plantation_n 6._o that_o all_o colony_n or_o plantation_n do_v endamage_v their_o mother-kingdom_n whereof_o the_o trade_n of_o such_o plantation_n be_v not_o confine_v by_o severe_a law_n and_o good_a execution_n of_o those_o law_n to_o the_o mother-kingdom_n 7._o that_o the_o dutch_a will_v reap_v the_o great_a advantage_n by_o all_o colony_n issue_v from_o any_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n whereof_o the_o trade_n be_v not_o so_o strict_o confine_v to_o the_o proper_a mother-kingdom_n 8._o that_o the_o dutch_a though_o they_o thrive_v so_o exceed_o in_o trade_n will_v in_o probability_n never_o endamage_v this_o kingdom_n by_o the_o growth_n of_o their_o plantation_n 9_o that_o neither_o the_o french_a spaniard_n nor_o portugeez_n be_v much_o to_o be_v fear_v on_o that_o account_n not_o for_o the_o same_o but_o for_o other_o cause_n 10._o that_o it_o be_v more_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o england_n that_o newfoundland_n shall_v remain_v vnplanted_a than_o that_o colony_n shall_v be_v send_v or_o permit_v to_o go_v thither_o to_o inhabit_v with_o a_o governor_n law_n etc._n etc._n 11._o that_o new-england_n be_v the_o most_o prejudicial_a plantation_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n i._o that_o land_n though_o in_o their_o nature_n excellent_o good_a without_o hand_n proportionable_a will_v not_o enrich_v any_o kingdom_n this_o first_o proposition_n i_o suppose_v will_v ready_o be_v assent_v to_o by_o all_o judicious_a person_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v only_o allege_v matter_n of_o fact_n the_o land_n of_o palestine_n once_o the_o rich_a country_n in_o the_o universe_n since_o it_o come_v under_o the_o turk_n dominion_n and_o consequent_o unpeople_v be_v now_o become_v the_o poor_a andaluzia_n and_o granada_n former_o wonderful_a rich_a and_o full_a of_o good_a town_n since_o dis-peopled_n by_o the_o spaniard_n by_o expultion_n of_o the_o moor_n many_o of_o their_o town_n and_o brave_a country_n house_n be_v fall_v into_o rubbish_n and_o their_o whole_a country_n into_o miserable_a poverty_n though_o their_o land_n natural_o be_v prodigious_o fertile_a a_o hundred_o other_o instance_n of_o fact_n may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o like_a purpose_n ii_o whatever_o tend_v to_o the_o populate_v of_o a_o kingdom_n tend_v to_o the_o improvement_n of_o it_o the_o former_a proposition_n be_v grant_v i_o suppose_v this_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v and_o of_o the_o mean_n viz._n good_a law_n whereby_o any_o kingdom_n may_v be_v populate_v and_o consequent_o enrich_v be_v in_o effect_n the_o substance_n and_o design_n of_o all_o my_o forego_n discourse_n to_o which_o for_o avoid_v repartition_n i_o must_v pray_v the_o reader_n be_v retrospection_n iii_o that_o most_o nation_n in_o the_o civilise_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v more_o or_o less_o rich_a or_o poor_a proportionable_a to_o the_o paucity_n or_o plenty_n of_o their_o people_n this_o three_o be_v a_o consequent_a of_o the_o two_o former_a proposition_n and_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v a_o witness_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o the_o seven_o unite_a province_n be_v certain_o the_o most_o populous_a tract_n of_o land_n in_o christendom_n and_o for_o their_o bigness_n undoubted_o the_o rich_a england_n for_o its_o bigness_n except_o our_o forest_n waste_v and_o commons_o which_o by_o our_o own_o law_n and_o custom_n be_v bare_v from_o improvement_n i_o hope_v be_v yet_o a_o more_o populous_a country_n than_o france_n and_o consequent_o rich_a i_o say_v in_o proportion_n to_o its_o bigness_n itaâ—y_n in_o like_a proportion_n more_o populous_a than_o france_n and_o rich_a and_o france_n more_o populous_a and_o rich_a than_o spain_n etc._n etc._n iv_o i_o do_v not_o agree_v that_o our_o people_n in_o england_n be_v in_o any_o considerable_a
measure_n abate_v by_o reason_n of_o our_o foreign_a plantation_n but_o propose_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_n this_o i_o know_v be_v a_o controvert_v point_n &_o do_v believe_v that_o where_o there_o be_v one_o man_n of_o my_o mind_n there_o may_v be_v a_o thousand_o of_o the_o contrary_a but_o i_o hope_v when_o the_o follow_a ground_n of_o my_o opinion_n have_v be_v thorough_o examine_v there_o will_v not_o be_v so_o many_o dissenter_n that_o very_o many_o people_n now_o go_v and_o have_v go_v from_o this_o kingdom_n almost_o every_o year_n for_o these_o sixty_o year_n past_a and_o have_v and_o do_v settle_v in_o our_o foreign_a plantation_n be_v most_o certain_a but_o the_o first_o question_n will_v be_v whether_o if_o england_n have_v no_o foreign_a plantation_n for_o those_o people_n to_o be_v transport_v unto_o they_o can_v or_o will_v have_v stay_v and_o live_v at_o home_n with_o we_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n they_o neither_o will_v nor_o can_v to_o resolve_v this_o question_n we_o must_v consider_v what_o kind_n of_o people_n they_o be_v and_o be_v that_o have_v and_o do_v transport_v themselves_o to_o our_o foreign_a plantation_n new-england_n as_o every_o one_o know_v be_v original_o inhabitate_v and_o have_v since_o successive_o be_v replenish_v by_o a_o sort_n of_o people_n call_v puritan_n which_o can_v not_o conform_v to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n of_o england_n but_o be_v weary_v with_o church_n censure_n and_o persecution_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v their_o father_n land_n to_o find_v out_o new_a habitation_n as_o many_o of_o they_o do_v in_o germany_n and_o holland_n as_o well_o as_o at_o new-england_n and_o have_v there_o not_o be_v a_o new-england_n find_v for_o some_o of_o they_o germany_n and_o holland_n probable_o have_v receive_v the_o rest_n but_o old_a england_n to_o be_v sure_o have_v lose_v they_o all_o virginia_n and_o barbadoes_n be_v first_o people_v by_o a_o sort_n of_o loose_a vagrant_a people_n vicious_a and_o destitute_a of_o mean_n to_o live_v at_o home_n be_v either_o unfit_a for_o labour_n or_o such_o as_o can_v find_v none_o to_o employ_v themselves_o about_o or_o have_v so_o mis-behaved_n themselves_o by_o whoreing_n thieve_v or_o other_o debauchery_n that_o none_o will_v set_v they_o on_o work_n which_o merchant_n and_o master_n of_o ship_n by_o their_o agent_n or_o spirit_n as_o they_o be_v call_v gather_v up_o about_o the_o street_n of_o london_n and_o other_o place_n clothe_v and_o transport_v to_o be_v employ_v upon_o plantation_n and_o these_o i_o say_v be_v such_o as_o have_v there_o be_v no_o english_a foreign_a plantation_n in_o the_o world_n can_v probable_o never_o have_v live_v at_o home_n to_o do_v service_n for_o their_o country_n but_o must_v have_v come_v to_o be_v hang_v or_o starve_v or_o die_v untimely_a of_o some_o of_o those_o miserable_a disease_n that_o proceed_v from_o want_n and_o vice_n or_o else_o have_v sell_v themselves_o for_o soldier_n to_o be_v knock_v on_o the_o head_n or_o starve_v in_o the_o quarrel_n of_o our_o neighbour_n as_o many_o thousand_o of_o brave_a english_a man_n be_v in_o the_o low_a country_n as_o also_o in_o the_o war_n of_o germany_n france_n and_o sweeden_n etc._n etc._n or_o else_o if_o they_o can_v by_o beg_v or_o otherwise_o arrive_v to_o the_o stock_n of_o 2_o s._n 6_o d._n to_o waft_v they_o over_o to_o holland_n become_v servant_n to_o the_o dutch_a who_o refuse_v none_o but_o the_o principal_a growth_n and_o increase_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a plantation_n of_o virginia_n and_o barbadoes_n happen_v in_o or_o immediate_o after_o our_o late_a civil_a war_n when_o the_o worsted_n party_n by_o the_o fate_n of_o war_n be_v deprive_v of_o their_o estate_n and_o have_v some_o of_o they_o never_o be_v breed_v to_o labour_n and_o other_o make_v unfit_a for_o it_o by_o the_o lazy_a habit_n of_o a_o soldier_n life_n there_o want_v mean_n to_o maintain_v they_o all_o abroad_o with_o his_o majesty_n many_o of_o they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o aforesaid_a plantation_n and_o great_a number_n of_o scotch_a soldier_n of_o his_o majesty_n army_n after_z worcester_z fight_n be_v by_o the_o then_o prevail_a power_n voluntary_o send_v in_o thither_o another_o great_a swarm_n or_o accession_n of_o new_a inhabitant_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a plantation_n as_o also_o to_o new-england_n jamaica_n and_o all_o other_o his_o majesty_n plantation_n in_o the_o west-indies_n ensue_v upon_o his_o majesty_n restauration_n when_o the_o former_a prevail_a party_n be_v by_o a_o divine_a hand_n of_o providence_n bring_v under_o the_o army_n disband_v many_o officer_n dis-placed_n and_o all_o the_o new_a purcharser_n of_o public_a title_n dispossess_v of_o their_o pretend_a land_n estate_n etc._n etc._n many_o become_v impoverish_v destitute_a of_o employment_n and_o therefore_o such_o as_o can_v find_v no_o way_n of_o live_v at_o home_n and_o some_o which_o fear_v the_o re-establishment_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n under_o which_o they_o can_v not_o live_v be_v force_v to_o transport_v themselves_o or_o sell_v themselves_o for_o a_o few_o year_n to_o be_v transport_v by_o other_o to_o the_o foreign_a english_a plantation_n the_o constant_a supply_n that_o the_o say_v plantation_n have_v since_o have_v have_v by_o such_o vagrant_a loose_a people_n as_o i_o beforementioned_a pick_v up_o especial_o about_o the_o street_n and_o suburb_n of_o london_n and_o westminster_n and_o by_o malefactor_n condemn_v for_o crime_n for_o which_o by_o the_o law_n they_o deserve_v to_o die_v and_o some_o of_o those_o people_n call_v quaker_n banish_v for_o meet_v on_o pretence_n of_o religious_a worship_n now_o if_o from_o the_o premise_n it_o be_v due_o consider_v what_o kind_n of_o person_n those_o have_v be_v by_o which_o our_o plantation_n have_v at_o all_o time_n be_v replenish_v i_o suppose_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o such_o they_o have_v be_v and_o under_o such_o circumstance_n that_o if_o his_o majesty_n have_v have_v no_o foreign_a plantation_n to_o which_o they_o may_v have_v resort_v england_n however_o must_v have_v lose_v they_o to_o illustrate_v the_o truth_n whereof_o a_o little_a further_o let_v we_o consider_v what_o captain_n grant_v the_o ingenious_a author_n of_o the_o observation_n upon_o the_o bill_n of_o mortality_n say_v pag._n 76._o and_o in_o other_o place_n of_o his_o book_n concern_v the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o say_v but_o undeniable_o prove_v viz._n that_o the_o city_n of_o london_n let_v the_o mortality_n be_v what_o it_o will_v by_o plague_n or_o otherwise_o repair_v its_o inhabitant_n once_o in_o two_o year_n and_o pag._n 101._o again_o if_o there_o be_v encouragement_n for_o a_o hundred_o person_n in_o london_n that_o be_v a_o way_n how_o a_o hundred_o may_v live_v better_o then_o in_o the_o country_n the_o evacuate_a of_o a_o four_o or_o three_o part_n of_o that_o number_n must_v soon_o be_v supply_v out_o of_o the_o country_n who_o in_o a_o short_a time_n remove_v themselves_o from_o thence_o hither_o so_o long_o until_o the_o city_n for_o want_v of_o receipt_n and_o encouragement_n regurgitate_v and_o send_v they_o back_o 1._o what_o he_o have_v prove_v concern_v london_n i_o say_v of_o england_n in_o general_a and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o any_o kingdom_n or_o country_n in_o the_o world_n such_o as_o our_o employment_n be_v for_o people_n so_o many_o will_v our_o people_n be_v and_o if_o we_o shall_v imagine_v we_o have_v in_o england_n employment_n but_o for_o one_o hundred_o people_n and_o we_o have_v bear_v and_o breed_v among_o we_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o people_n i_o say_v the_o fifty_o must_v away_o from_o we_o or_o starve_v or_o be_v hang_v to_o prevent_v it_o whether_o we_o have_v any_o foreign_a plantation_n or_o not_o 2._o if_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o accommodation_n of_o live_v in_o our_o foreign_a plantation_n we_o have_v evacuate_v more_o of_o our_o people_n then_o we_o shall_v have_v do_v if_o we_o have_v no_o such_o plantation_n i_o say_v with_o the_o aforesaid_a author_n in_o the_o case_n of_o london_n and_o if_o that_o evacuation_n be_v grow_v to_o a_o excess_n which_o i_o believe_v it_o never_o do_v bare_o on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o plantation_n that_o decrease_n will_v procure_v its_o own_o remedy_n for_o much_o want_n of_o people_n will_v procure_v great_a wage_n and_o great_a wage_n if_o our_o law_n give_v encouragement_n will_v procure_v we_o a_o supply_n of_o people_n without_o the_o charge_n of_o breed_v they_o as_o the_o dutch_a be_v and_o always_o have_v be_v supply_v in_o their_o great_a extremity_n object_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v be_v not_o the_o facility_n of_o be_v transport_v into_o the_o plantation_n together_o with_o the_o entice_a method_n customary_o use_v to_o persuade_v people_n to_o go_v thither_o and_o the_o encouragement_n of_o live_v there_o
with_o a_o people_n that_o speak_v our_o own_o language_n strong_a motive_n to_o draw_v our_o people_n from_o we_o and_o do_v they_o not_o draw_v more_o from_o we_o than_o otherwise_o will_v leave_v we_o to_o go_v into_o foreign_a country_n where_o they_o understand_v not_o the_o language_n i_o answer_v 1_o st_o it_o be_v not_o much_o more_o difficult_a to_o get_v a_o passage_n to_o holland_n than_o it_o be_v to_o our_o plantation_n 2_o dly_z many_o of_o those_o that_o go_v to_o our_o plantation_n if_o they_o can_v not_o go_v thither_o will_v and_o must_v go_v into_o foreign_a country_n though_o it_o be_v ten_o time_n more_o difficult_a to_o get_v thither_o then_o it_o be_v or_o else_o which_o be_v worse_o as_o have_v be_v say_v will_v adventure_v to_o be_v hang_v to_o prevent_v beg_v or_o starve_v as_o too_o many_o have_v do_v 3._o i_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o facility_n of_o get_v to_o the_o plantaâ—ions_n may_v cause_v some_o more_o to_o leave_v we_o than_o will_v do_v if_o they_o have_v none_o but_o foreign_a country_n for_o refuge_n but_o then_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o our_o plantation_n spend_v most_o our_o english_a manufacture_n and_o those_o of_o all_o sort_n almost_o imaginable_a in_o egregious_a quantity_n and_o employ_v near_o two_o three_o of_o all_o our_o english_a ship_n do_v therein_o give_v a_o constant_a sustenance_n to_o it_o may_v be_v two_o hundred_o thousand_o person_n here_o aâ—_n home_o then_o i_o must_v needs_o conclude_v upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n that_o we_o have_v not_o the_o few_o but_o the_o more_o people_n in_o england_n by_o reason_n of_o our_o english_a plantatioâ—s_n in_o america_n object_n 2._o but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v be_v not_o this_o infer_v and_o argue_v against_o sense_n and_o experience_n do_v not_o all_o the_o world_n see_v that_o the_o many_o noble_a kingdom_n of_o spain_n in_o europe_n be_v almost_o depopulate_v and_o ruinate_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o people_n flock_v over_o to_o the_o west-indies_n and_o do_v not_o all_o other_o nation_n diminish_v in_o people_n after_o they_o become_v possess_v of_o foreign_a plantation_n ans._n 1._o i_o answer_v with_o submission_n to_o better_a judgement_n that_o in_o my_o opinion_n contend_v for_o uniformity_n in_o religion_n have_v contribute_v ten_o time_n more_o to_o the_o depopulate_v of_o spain_n than_o all_o the_o american_n plantation_n what_o be_v it_o but_o that_o which_o cause_v the_o expulsion_n of_o so_o many_o thousand_o moor_n who_o have_v build_v and_o inhabit_v most_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n and_o town_n in_o andaluzia_n granada_n arragon_n and_o ooth_a part_n what_o be_v it_o but_o that_o and_o the_o inquisition_n that_o have_v and_o do_v daily_o expel_v such_o vast_a number_n of_o rich_a jew_n with_o their_o family_n and_o estate_n into_o germany_n italy_n turkey_n holland_n and_o england_n what_o be_v it_o but_o that_o which_o cause_v those_o vast_a and_o long_a war_n between_o that_o king_n and_o the_o low_a country_n and_o the_o effusion_n of_o so_o much_o spanish_a blood_n and_o treasure_n and_o the_o final_a loss_n of_o the_o seven_o province_n which_o we_o now_o see_v so_o prodigious_a rich_a and_o full_a of_o people_n while_o spain_n be_v empty_a and_o poor_a and_o flanders_n thin_a and_o weak_a in_o continual_a fear_n of_o be_v make_v a_o prey_n to_o their_o neighbour_n 2._o i_o answer_v we_o must_v wary_o distinguish_v between_o country_n &_o country_n for_o though_o plantation_n may_v have_v drain_v spain_n of_o people_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o they_o have_v or_o will_v drain_v england_n or_o holland_n because_o where_o liberty_n and_o property_n be_v not_o so_o well_o preserve_v and_o where_o interest_n of_o money_n be_v permit_v to_o go_v at_o 12_o per_fw-mi cent_z there_o can_v be_v no_o considerable_a manufacture_v and_o no_o more_o of_o tillage_n and_o graze_v than_o as_o we_o proverbial_o say_v will_v keep_v life_n and_o soul_n together_o and_o where_o there_o be_v little_o manufacture_v and_o as_o little_a husbandry_n of_o land_n the_o profit_n of_o plantation_n viz._n the_o great_a part_n thereof_o will_v not_o redound_v to_o the_o mother-kingdom_n but_o to_o other_o country_n wherein_o there_o be_v more_o manufacture_n and_o more_o production_n from_o the_o earth_n from_o hence_o it_o follow_v plantation_n thus_o manage_v prove_v drain_v of_o the_o people_n from_o their_o mother-kingdom_n whereas_o plantation_n belong_v to_o mother-kingdom_n or_o country_n where_o liberty_n and_o property_n be_v better_a preserve_v and_o interest_n of_o money_n restrain_v to_o a_o low_a rate_n the_o consequence_n be_v that_o every_o person_n send_v abroad_o with_o the_o negro_n and_o utensil_n he_o be_v constrain_v to_o employ_v or_o that_o be_v employ_v with_o he_o it_o be_v customary_a in_o most_o of_o our_o island_n in_o america_n upon_o every_o plantation_n to_o employ_v eight_o or_o ten_o black_n for_o one_o white_a servant_n i_o say_v in_o this_o case_n we_o may_v reckon_v that_o for_o provision_n clothes_n and_o household-good_n seaman_n and_o all_o other_o employ_v about_o material_n for_o building_n fit_v and_o victual_v of_o ship_n every_o english_a man_n in_o barbadoes_n or_o jamaica_n create_v employment_n for_o four_o man_n at_o home_n 3_o dly_z i_o answer_v that_o holland_n now_o send_v as_o many_o and_o more_o people_n yearly_a to_o reside_v in_o their_o plantation_n fortress_n and_o ship_n in_o the_o east-indies_n beside_o many_o into_o the_o west-indies_n than_o spain_n and_o yet_o be_v so_o far_o from_o decline_v in_o the_o number_n of_o their_o people_n at_o home_n that_o it_o be_v evident_a they_o do_v monstruous_o increase_v and_o so_o i_o hope_v under_o the_o next_o head_n to_o prove_v that_o england_n have_v constant_o increase_v in_o people_n at_o home_n since_o our_o settlement_n upon_o plantation_n in_o america_n although_o not_o in_o so_o great_a a_o proportion_n as_o the_o dutch._n v._o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o we_o have_v immediate_o before_o the_o late_a plague_n more_o people_n in_o england_n than_o we_o have_v before_o the_o inhabit_v of_o new-england_n virginia_n barbadoes_n &_o c_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o at_o best_o i_o know_v can_v but_o be_v conjectural_a but_o in_o confirmation_n of_o my_o opinion_n i_o have_v i_o think_v of_o my_o mind_n the_o most_o industrious_a english_a calculator_n this_o age_n have_v produce_v in_o public_a viz._n captain_n grant_v in_o the_o forementioned_a treatise_n pag._n 83._o his_o word_n be_v upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n we_o may_v therefore_o conclude_v that_o the_o people_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n do_v increase_v and_o consequent_o the_o decrease_n of_o winchester_n lincoln_n and_o other_o like_a place_n must_v be_v attribute_v to_o other_o reason_n than_o that_o of_o refurnish_v london_n only_o 2._o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o aforesaid_a worthy_a author_n calculation_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o london_n and_o part_n ajacent_a have_v increase_v to_o almost_o double_a within_o this_o sixty_o year_n and_o that_o city_n have_v usual_o be_v take_v for_o a_o index_n of_o the_o whole_a i_o know_v it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o although_o london_n have_v so_o increase_v other_o part_n have_v as_o much_o diminish_v whereof_o some_o be_v name_v before_o but_o if_o to_o answer_v the_o diminution_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o some_o particular_a place_n it_o be_v consider_v how_o other_o be_v increase_v viz_o yarmouth_n hull_n scarbrough_n and_o other_o port_n in_o the_o north_n as_o also_o liverpoole_n westchester_n and_o bristol_n portsmouth_n lime_n and_o plymouth_n and_o withal_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v what_o great_a improvement_n have_v be_v make_v these_o last_o sixty_o year_n upon_o break_v up_o and_o enclose_v of_o waste_v forest_n and_o park_n and_o drain_n of_o the_o fen_n and_o all_o those_o place_n inhabit_v and_o furnish_v with_o husbandry_n etc._n etc._n then_o i_o think_v it_o will_v appear_v probable_a that_o we_o have_v in_o england_n now_o at_o least_o have_v before_o the_o late_a plague_n more_o people_n than_o we_o have_v before_o we_o first_o enter_v upon_o foreign_a plantation_n notwithstanding_o likewise_o the_o great_a number_n of_o man_n which_o have_v issue_v from_o we_o into_o ireland_n which_o country_n as_o our_o law_n now_o be_v i_o reckon_v not_o among_o the_o number_n of_o plantation_n profitable_a to_o england_n nor_o within_o the_o limit_n of_o this_o discourse_n although_o peradventure_o something_o may_v be_v pick_v out_o of_o these_o paper_n which_o may_v deserve_v consideration_n in_o relation_n to_o that_o country_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v if_o we_o have_v more_o people_n now_o thâ—n_v in_o former_a age_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o four_o and_o five_o and_o other_o time_n former_o we_o can_v raise_v such_o great_a army_n and_o employ_v they_o in_o foreign_a war_n and_o
yet_o retain_v a_o sufficient_a number_n to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n and_o cultivate_v our_o land_n at_o home_n i_o answer_v first_o the_o bigness_n of_o army_n be_v not_o always_o a_o certain_a indication_n of_o the_o numerousness_n of_o a_o nation_n but_o sometime_o rather_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o government_n and_o distrubation_n of_o the_o land_n as_o for_o instance_n where_o the_o prince_n and_o lord_n be_v owner_n of_o the_o whole_a territory_n although_o the_o people_n be_v thin_a the_o army_n upon_o occasion_n may_v be_v very_o great_a as_o in_o east-india_n turkey_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o fez_n and_o morocco_n where_o taffelet_n be_v late_o say_v to_o have_v a_o army_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o or_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n although_o every_o body_n know_v that_o country_n have_v as_o great_a a_o scarcety_n of_o people_n as_o any_o in_o the_o world_n but_o since_o freeholders_n be_v so_o much_o increase_v in_o england_n &_o the_o servile_a tenor_n alter_v doubtless_o it_o be_v more_o difficult_a as_o well_o as_o more_o chargeable_a to_o draw_v great_a number_n of_o man_n into_o foreign_a war_n 2._o since_o the_o introduction_n of_o the_o new_a artillery_n of_o powder_n shoot_v and_o fire-arm_n in_o the_o world_n all_o war_n be_v become_v as_o much_o rather_o a_o expense_n of_o money_n as_o man_n and_o success_n attend_v those_o that_o can_v most_o &_o long_a spend_v money_n rather_o than_o man_n and_o consequent_o prince_n army_n in_o europe_n be_v become_v more_o proportionable_a to_o their_o purse_n then_o to_o the_o number_n of_o their_o people_n vi_o that_o all_o colony_n and_o foreign_a plantation_n do_v endamage_v their_o mother-kingdom_n whereof_o the_o trade_n of_o such_o plantation_n be_v noâ—_n confine_v to_o their_o say_a mother_n kingdom_n by_o good_a law_n and_o severe_a execution_n of_o those_o law_n 1._o the_o practice_n of_o all_o the_o government_n of_o europe_n witness_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n the_o dane_n keep_v the_o trade_n of_o izland_n to_o themselves_o the_o dutch_a surrenham_n and_o all_o their_o settlement_n in_o east-india_n the_o french_a st_n christopher_n and_o their_o other_o plantation_n in_o the_o west-indies_n the_o portugeeze_n brazil_n and_o all_o the_o coast_n thereof_o the_o spaniard_n all_o their_o vast_a terriories_fw-la upon_o the_o main_a in_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o many_o island_n there_o and_o our_o own_o law_n seem_v to_o design_n the_o like_a as_o to_o all_o our_o plantation_n in_o new-england_n virginia_n barbadoes_n etc._n etc._n although_o we_o have_v not_o yet_o arrive_v to_o a_o complete_a and_o effectual_a execution_n of_o those_o law_n 2._o plantation_n be_v at_o first_o furnish_v and_o afterward_o successive_o supply_v with_o people_n from_o their_o mother_n kingdom_n and_o people_n be_v riches_n that_o loss_n of_o people_n to_o the_o mother_n kingdom_n be_v it_o more_o or_o less_o be_v certain_o a_o damage_n except_o the_o employment_n of_o those_o people_n abroad_o do_v cause_n the_o employment_n of_o so_o many_o more_o at_o home_n in_o their_o mother_n kingdom_n and_o that_o can_v never_o be_v except_o the_o trade_n be_v restrain_v to_o their_o mother_n kingdom_n which_o will_v not_o be_v doubt_v by_o any_o that_o understand_v the_o next_o proposition_n viz._n vii_o that_o the_o dutch_a will_v reap_v the_o great_a advantage_n by_o all_o colony_n issue_v from_o any_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n whereof_o the_o trade_n be_v not_o so_o strict_o confine_v to_o their_o proper_a mother_n kingdom_n this_o proposition_n will_v ready_o be_v assent_v unto_o by_o any_o that_o understand_v the_o nature_n of_o low_a interest_n and_o low_a custom_n where_o the_o market_n be_v free_a they_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o have_v the_o trade_n that_o can_v sell_v the_o best_a pennyworth_n that_o buy_v dear_a and_o sell_v cheap_a which_o national_o speak_v none_o can_v do_v but_o those_o that_o money_n at_o the_o low_a rate_n of_o interest_n and_o pay_v the_o least_o custom_n which_o be_v the_o dutch_a and_o this_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n why_o before_o the_o act_n of_o navigation_n there_o go_v ten_o dutch_a ship_n to_o barbadoes_n for_o one_o english_a viii_o that_o the_o dutch_a though_o they_o thrive_v so_o exceed_o in_o trade_n will_v in_o probability_n never_o endamage_v this_o kingdom_n by_o the_o growth_n of_o their_o plantation_n 1._o in_o fact_n the_o dutch_a never_o do_v much_o thrive_v in_o plant_v for_o i_o do_v remember_v they_o have_v about_o twenty_o year_n past_a tabago_n a_o most_o fruitful_a island_n in_o the_o west-indies_n apt_a for_o the_o production_n of_o sugar_n and_o all_o other_o commodity_n that_o be_v propagate_v in_o barbadoes_n and_o as_o i_o have_v hear_v planter_n affirm_v better_o accommodate_v with_o river_n for_o water-mill_n which_o be_v of_o great_a use_n for_o grind_v of_o the_o cane_n this_o island_n be_v still_o in_o their_o possession_n and_o corasoa_n and_o some_o other_o and_o about_o sixteen_o or_o seventeen_o year_n past_a they_o be_v so_o eager_a upon_o the_o improvement_n of_o it_o that_o beside_o what_o they_o do_v in_o holland_n they_o set_v up_o bill_n upon_o the_o exchange_n in_o london_n proffer_v great_a privilege_n to_o any_o that_o will_v transport_v themselves_o thither_o notwithstanding_o all_o which_o to_o this_o day_n that_o island_n be_v not_o the_o ten_o part_n so_o well_o improve_v as_o jamaica_n have_v be_v by_o the_o english_a within_o these_o five_o year_n neither_o have_v the_o dutch_a at_o any_o other_o time_n or_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n make_v any_o improvement_n by_o plant_v what_o they_o do_v in_o the_o east-indies_n be_v only_o by_o war_n trade_n and_o building_n of_o fortify_v town_n and_o castle_n upon_o the_o seacoast_n to_o secure_v the_o sole_a commerce_n of_o the_o place_n and_o with_o the_o people_n which_o they_o conquer_v not_o by_o clear_v break_v up_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o plant_v as_o the_o english_a have_v do_v this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n of_o fact_n to_o my_o present_a purpose_n 2._o the_o second_o argument_n to_o prove_v this_o proposition_n be_v from_o reason_n i_o have_v beforementioned_a the_o several_a accident_n and_o method_n by_o which_o our_o foreign_a plantation_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n come_v to_o be_v people_v and_o emprove_v now_o the_o dutch_a be_v void_a of_o those_o accident_n be_v destitute_a of_o the_o occasion_n to_o emprove_v foreign_a plantation_n by_o dige_v and_o delve_v as_o the_o english_a have_v do_v for_o 1_o st_o in_o holland_n their_o interest_n and_o custom_n be_v low_a together_o with_o their_o other_o encouragement_n to_o trade_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o treatise_n give_v employment_n to_o all_o their_o people_n bear_v and_o breed_v among_o they_o and_o also_o to_o multitude_n of_o foreigner_n 2._o their_o give_a liberty_n or_o at_o least_o connivance_n to_o all_o religion_n as_o well_o jew_n and_o roman-catholic_n or_o sectary_n give_v security_n to_o all_o their_o inhabitant_n at_o home_n and_o expel_v none_o nor_o put_v a_o necessity_n upon_o any_o to_o banish_v themselves_o upon_o that_o account_n 3._o their_o careful_a and_o wonderful_a provide_v for_o and_o employ_v their_o poor_a at_o home_n put_v all_o their_o people_n utter_o out_o of_o danger_n of_o starve_v or_o necessity_n of_o steal_v and_o consequent_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o hang_v i_o may_v add_v to_o this_o that_o they_o have_v not_o for_o a_o long_a time_n have_v any_o civil_a war_n among_o they_o and_o from_o the_o whole_a conclude_v that_o the_o dutch_a as_o they_o do_v never_o so_o they_o never_o can_v or_o will_v thrive_v by_o plant_v and_o that_o our_o english_a plantation_n abroad_o be_v a_o good_a effect_n proceed_v from_o many_o evil_a cause_n ix_o that_o neither_o the_o french_a spaniard_n or_o portugeeze_n be_v much_o to_o be_v fear_v on_o the_o account_n of_o plant_v not_o for_o the_o same_o but_o for_o other_o reason_n that_o the_o french_a have_v have_v foot_v in_o the_o west-indies_n almost_o as_o long_a as_o the_o english_a be_v certain_a and_o that_o they_o have_v make_v no_o considerable_a progress_n in_o plant_v be_v as_o certain_a and_o find_v it_o so_o in_o fact_n i_o have_v be_v often_o exercise_v my_o thought_n about_o enquiry_n into_o the_o reason_n thereof_o which_o i_o attribute_v especial_o to_o two_o first_o because_o france_n be_v a_o absolute_a government_n have_v not_o until_o very_o late_o give_v any_o countenance_n or_o encouragement_n to_o navigation_n and_o trade_n second_o and_o principal_o because_o the_o french_a settlement_n in_o the_o west-indies_n have_v not_o be_v upon_o freeholders_n as_o the_o english_a be_v but_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o french_a west-india_n company_n which_o company_n be_v under_o the_o french_a king_n as_o lord_z proprietor_n of_o the_o place_n they_o settle_v
upon_o and_o tax_v the_o inhabitant_n at_o pleasure_n as_o the_o king_n do_v they_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a they_o shall_v make_v that_o successful_a progress_n in_o plant_v propriety_n freedom_n and_o inheritance_n be_v the_o most_o effectual_a spur_n to_o industry_n 2._o though_o some_o who_o have_v not_o look_v far_o into_o this_o matter_n may_v think_v the_o spaniard_n have_v make_v great_a progress_n in_o plant_v i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o english_a since_o the_o time_n they_o set_v upon_o this_o work_n have_v clear_v and_o emprove_v fifty_o plantation_n for_o one_o and_o build_v as_o many_o house_n for_o one_o the_o spaniard_n have_v build_v this_o will_v not_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o imagine_v if_o it_o be_v consider_v first_o that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o fifty_o or_o sixty_o year_n since_o the_o english_a intend_v the_o propagate_a foreign_a plantation_n second_o that_o the_o spaniard_n be_v possess_v of_o the_o west-indies_n about_o our_o king_n henry_n the_o 7_o th_n time_n which_o be_v near_o two_o hundred_o year_n past_a three_o that_o what_o the_o spaniard_n have_v do_v in_o the_o west-indies_n have_v be_v ten_o time_n more_o by_o conquest_n then_o by_o plant_v fourtly_n that_o the_o spaniard_n find_v in_o the_o west-indies_n most_o of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n ready_a build_v and_o inhabit_a and_o much_o of_o the_o ground_n emprove_v and_o cultivate_v before_o their_o come_n thither_o five_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o they_o find_v there_o and_o subdue_v be_v such_o a_o people_n with_o who_o some_o of_o the_o spaniard_n can_v and_o have_v mix_v from_o whence_o have_v proceed_v a_o generation_n of_o people_n which_o they_o call_v mestise_n whereas_o the_o english_a where_o they_o have_v set_v down_o and_o plant_v either_o find_v none_o or_o such_o as_o be_v mere_a wild_a heathen_a with_o who_o they_o can_v not_o nor_o ever_o have_v be_v know_v to_o mix_v six_o that_o now_o after_o such_o a_o long_a series_n of_o time_n the_o spaniard_n be_v scarce_o so_o populous_a in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o west-indies_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v a_o army_n of_o ten_o thousand_o man_n together_o in_o a_o month_n time_n from_o all_o which_o i_o conjecture_v one_a that_o his_o majesty_n have_v now_o more_o english_a subject_n in_o all_o his_o foreign_a plantation_n in_o sixty_o year_n than_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v spaniard_n in_o all_o his_o in_o two_o hundred_o year_n 2d_o that_o the_o spaniard_n progress_n in_o plant_v bear_v no_o proportion_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o english_a plantation_n 3_o d._n that_o see_v the_o spaniard_n in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o great_a prosperity_n and_o under_o so_o many_o advantage_n have_v be_v such_o indifferent_a planter_n and_o have_v make_v such_o slow_a progress_n in_o people_v those_o part_n of_o the_o west-indies_n which_o they_o possess_v it_o be_v not_o much_o to_o be_v fear_v that_o ever_o the_o english_a will_v be_v mate_v by_o the_o spaniard_n in_o their_o foreign_a plantation_n or_o production_n of_o the_o native_a commodity_n of_o those_o part_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o spaniard_n be_v so_o thin_a of_o people_n in_o the_o west-indies_n i_o take_v to_o be_v such_o as_o these_o follow_v viz._n first_o and_o principal_o because_o they_o exercise_v the_o same_o policy_n and_o government_n civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a in_o their_o plantation_n as_o they_o do_v in_o their_o mother-kingdom_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o their_o people_n be_v few_o and_o thin_a abroad_o from_o the_o same_o cause_n as_o they_o be_v empty_a and_o void_a of_o people_n at_o home_n whereas_o although_o we_o in_o england_n vain_o endeavour_v to_o arrive_v at_o a_o uniformity_n of_o religion_n at_o home_n yet_o we_o allow_v a_o amsterdam_n liberty_n in_o our_o plantation_n it_o be_v true_a new-england_n be_v a_o more_o independent_a government_n from_o this_o kingdom_n than_o any_o other_o of_o our_o plantation_n and_o the_o people_n that_o go_v thither_o more_o one_o peculiar_a sort_n or_o sect_n than_o those_o that_o go_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o plantation_n they_o do_v for_o some_o year_n past_a exercise_v some_o severity_n against_o the_o quaker_n but_o of_o late_o they_o have_v understand_v their_o true_a interest_n better_o insomuch_o as_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v of_o any_o act_n of_o that_o kind_n for_o these_o five_o or_o six_o year_n last_o notwithstanding_o i_o be_o well_o inform_v that_o there_o be_v now_o among_o they_o many_o more_o quaker_n and_o other_o dissenter_n from_o their_o form_n of_o religious_a worship_n than_o be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o great_a severity_n which_o severity_n have_v no_o other_o effect_n but_o to_o increase_v the_o new-english_a nonconformist_n 2_o d._n a_o second_o reason_n why_o the_o production_n of_o the_o spanish_a west-india_n commodity_n be_v so_o inconsiderable_a in_o respect_n to_o the_o english_a and_o consequent_o why_o their_o progress_n in_o plant_v have_v be_v and_o be_v like_a to_o be_v much_o less_o than_o the_o english_a as_o also_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o people_n i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o dearness_n of_o the_o freight_n of_o their_o ship_n which_o be_v four_o time_n more_o than_o our_o english_a freight_n and_o if_o you_o will_v know_v how_o that_o come_v to_o be_v so_o twelve_o per_fw-la cent_n interest_n will_v go_v â—_o great_a way_n towards_o the_o satisfy_n you_o although_o there_o be_v other_o concomitant_a lesser_a cause_n which_o whosoever_o understand_v spain_n or_o shall_v careful_o read_v this_o treatise_n may_v find_v out_o themselves_o 3_o d._n a_o three_o reason_n i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o custom_n in_o old-spain_n for_o undoubted_o high_a custom_n do_v as_o well_o dwarf_n plantation_n as_o trade_n 4_o the_o the_o spaniard_n intense_a and_o singular_a industry_n in_o their_o mine_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n the_o work_n wherein_o destroy_v abundance_n of_o their_o people_n at_o least_o of_o their_o slave_n do_v cause_v they_o to_o neglect_v in_o great_a measure_n cultivate_v of_o the_o earth_n and_o produce_v commodity_n from_o the_o growth_n thereof_o which_o may_v give_v employment_n to_o a_o great_a navy_n as_o well_o as_o sustenance_n to_o a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o people_n by_o sea_n and_o land_n 5_o the_o their_o multitude_n of_o friar_n nun_n and_o other_o reclust_n and_o ecclesiastical_a person_n which_o be_v prohibit_v from_o marriage_n 3._o the_o three_o sort_n of_o people_n i_o be_o to_o discourse_n of_o be_v the_o portugeeze_n and_o and_o they_o i_o must_v acknowledge_v to_o have_v be_v great_a planter_n in_o the_o brazeil_n and_o other_o place_n but_o yet_o if_o we_o preserve_v our_o people_n and_o plantation_n by_o good_a law_n i_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o portugeeze_fw-mi except_o they_o alter_v their_o politic_n which_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o they_o to_o do_v can_v never_o bear_v up_o with_o we_o muchless_a prejudice_n our_o plantation_n that_o hitherto_o they_o have_v not_o hurt_v we_o but_o we_o they_o be_v most_o apparent_a for_o in_o my_o time_n we_o have_v beat_v their_o muscovado_n and_o paneal_a sugar_n quite_o out_o of_o use_n in_o england_n and_o their_o whites_n we_o have_v bring_v down_o in_o all_o these_o part_n of_o europe_n in_o price_n from_o seven_o and_o eight_o pound_n per_fw-la l._n to_o fifty_o shilling_n and_o three_o pound_n per_fw-la l._n and_o in_o quantity_n whereas_o former_o their_o brazeil-fleet_n consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o to_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o chest_n of_o sugar_n they_o be_v now_o reduce_v to_o about_o thirty_o thousand_o chest_n since_o the_o great_a increase_n of_o barbadoes_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o decay_n of_o the_o portugeeze_n production_n in_o brazeil_n be_v certain_o the_o better_a policy_n that_o our_o english_a plantatition_n be_v found_v upon_o that_o which_o principal_o dwarf_n the_o portugeeze_v plantation_n be_v the_o same_o beforementioned_a which_o hinder_v the_o spaniard_n viz._n extraordinary_a high_a custom_n at_o home_n high_a freight_n high_a interest_n of_o money_n ecclesiastical_a person_n etc._n etc._n from_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v plantation_n in_o general_a i_o draw_v these_o two_o principal_a conclusion_n 1_o st_o that_o our_o english_a plantation_n may_v thrive_v beyond_o any_o other_o plantation_n in_o the_o world_n though_o the_o trade_n of_o all_o of_o they_o be_v more_o severe_o limit_v by_o law_n and_o good_a execution_n of_o those_o law_n to_o their_o mother-kingdom_n of_o england_n exclusive_a to_o ireland_n and_o new-england_n 2_o that_o it_o be_v in_o his_o majesty_n power_n and_o the_o parliament_n if_o they_o please_v by_o take_v off_o all_o charge_n from_o sugar_n to_o make_v it_o more_o entire_o a_o english_a commodity_n than_o white-herring_n be_v a_o dutch_a commodity_n and_o to_o draw_v more_o profit_n to_o this_o
kingdom_n thereby_o than_o the_o dutch_a do_v by_o that_o and_o that_o in_o consequence_n thereof_o all_o plantation_n of_o other_o nation_n must_v in_o a_o few_o year_n sink_v to_o little_a or_o nothing_o x._o that_o it_o be_v more_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o england_n that_o new_a find_v land_n shall_v remain_v unplanted_a than_o that_o colony_n shall_v be_v send_v or_o permit_v to_o go_v thither_o to_o inhabit_v under_o a_o governor_n law_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v before_o discourse_v of_o plantation_n in_o general_a most_o of_o the_o english_a be_v in_o their_o nature_n much_o a_o like_a except_o this_o of_o newfoundland_n and_o that_o of_o new-england_n which_o i_o intend_v next_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o advantage_n newfoundland_n have_v bring_v to_o this_o kingdom_n be_v only_o by_o the_o fishery_n there_o and_o of_o what_o vast_a concernment_n that_o be_v be_v well_o know_v to_o most_o gentleman_n and_o merchant_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o west_n part_n of_o england_n from_o whence_o especial_o this_o trade_n be_v drive_v it_o be_v well_o know_v upon_o undeniable_a poof_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1605._o the_o english_a employ_v 250._o sail_v of_o ship_n small_a and_o great_a in_o fish_v upon_o that_o coast_n and_o it_o be_v now_o too_o apparent_a that_o we_o do_v not_o so_o employ_v from_o all_o part_n above_o eighty_o sail_n of_o ship_n it_o be_v likewise_o general_o know_v and_o confess_v that_o when_o we_o employ_v so_o many_o ship_n in_o that_o trade_n the_o current_a price_n of_o our_o fish_n in_o that_o country_n be_v communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la seventeen_o rial_n which_o be_v eight_o shilling_n six_o penny_n per_fw-la qunital_a and_o that_o since_o as_o we_o have_v lessen_v in_o that_o trade_n the_o french_a have_v increase_v in_o it_o and_o that_o we_o have_v annual_o proceed_v to_o raise_v our_o fish_n from_o seventeen_o rial_n to_o twenty_o four_o rial_n or_o twelve_o shilling_n communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la as_o it_o now_o sell_v in_o the_o country_n this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o england_n in_o relation_n to_o this_o trade_n it_o be_v certain_o worth_a the_o enquiery_a one_a how_o we_o come_v to_o decay_v in_o that_o trade_n two_o what_o mean_n may_v be_v use_v to_o recover_v our_o ancient_a greatness_n in_o that_o trade_n or_o aâ—_n lest_o to_o prevent_v our_o further_a diminution_n therein_o the_o decay_n of_o that_o trade_n i_o attribute_v first_o and_o principal_o to_o the_o grow_a liberty_n which_o be_v every_o year_n more_o and_o more_o use_v in_o romish_a country_n as_o well_o as_o other_o of_o eat_v flesh_n in_o lent_n and_o on_o fish-day_n 2._o to_o a_o late_a abuse_n creep_v into_o that_o trade_n which_o have_v much_o abate_v the_o expense_n within_o these_o twenty_o year_n of_o that_o commodity_n of_o send_v over_o private_a boat-keeper_n which_o have_v much_o diminish_v the_o number_n of_o the_o fishing-ship_n 3._o to_o the_o great_a increase_n of_o the_o french_a fishery_n of_o placentia_n and_o other_o port_n on_o the_o backside_n of_o newfoundland_n 4._o to_o the_o several_a war_n we_o have_v have_v at_o sea_n within_o these_o twenty_o year_n which_o have_v much_o empoverish_v the_o merchant_n of_o our_o western_a part_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o carry_v on_o a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o trade_n at_o bottumry_n viz._n money_n take_v upon_o adventure_n of_o the_o ship_n at_o twenty_o per_fw-la cent_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la 2._o what_o mean_n may_v be_v use_v to_o recover_v our_o ancient_a greatness_n in_o that_o trade_n or_o at_o least_o to_o prevent_v our_o far_a diminution_n therein_o for_o this_o two_o contrary_a way_n have_v be_v propound_v 1._o to_o send_v a_o governor_n to_o reside_v there_o and_o to_o encourage_v people_n to_o inhabit_v there_o as_o well_o for_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n against_o invasion_n as_o to_o manage_v the_o fishery_n there_o by_o inhabitant_n upon_o the_o place_n this_o have_v often_o be_v propound_v by_o the_o planter_n and_o some_o merchant_n of_o london_n 2._o the_o second_o way_n propound_v and_o which_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o former_a be_v by_o the_o west-country_n merchant_n and_o owner_n of_o the_o fishing-ship_n and_o that_o be_v to_o have_v no_o governor_n nor_o inhabitant_n permit_v to_o reside_v at_o newfoundland_n nor_o any_o passenger_n or_o private_a boat-keeper_n suffer_v to_o fish_n at_o newfoundland_n this_o latter_a way_n propound_v be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o my_o proposition_n and_o if_o it_o can_v be_v effect_v i_o be_o persuade_v will_v revive_v the_o decay_a english-fishing-trade_n at_o newfoundland_n and_o be_v otherwise_o great_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o that_o for_o these_o follow_a reason_n 1._o because_o most_o of_o the_o provision_n the_o planter_n which_o be_v settle_v at_o newfoundland_n do_v make_v use_n of_o viz._n bread_n beef_n pork_n butter_n cheese_n clothes_n and_o irish-bengal_n cloth_n linen_n and_o woollen_a ireish-stocking_n as_o also_o net_n hook_n and_o line_n etc._n etc._n they_o be_v supply_v with_o from_o new-england_n and_o ireland_n and_o with_o wine_n oil_n and_o linen_n by_o the_o sâ—lt_n ship_n from_o france_n and_o spain_n in_o consequence_n whereof_o the_o labour_n as_o well_o as_o the_o feed_v and_o clothe_v of_o so_o many_o man_n be_v lose_v to_o england_n 2._o the_o planter_n settle_v there_o be_v most_o loose_a vagrant_a people_n and_o without_o order_n and_o government_n do_v keep_v dissolute_a house_n which_o have_v debauch_a seaman_n and_o divert_v they_o from_o their_o laborious_a and_o industrious_a call_v whereas_o before_o there_o be_v settlement_n there_o the_o seaman_n have_v no_o other_o resort_n during_o the_o fish_n season_n be_v the_o time_n of_o their_o abode_n in_o that_o country_n but_o to_o their_o ship_n which_o afford_v they_o convenient_a food_n and_o repose_n without_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o excess_n 3_o if_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o all_o trade_n nation_n principal_o to_o encourage_v navigation_n and_o to_o promote_v especial_o those_o trade_n which_o employ_v most_o ship_n than_o which_o nothing_o be_v more_o true_a nor_o more_o regard_v by_o the_o wise_a dutch_a then_o certain_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o england_n to_o discountenance_v and_o abate_v the_o number_n of_o planter_n at_o newfoundland_n for_o if_o they_o shall_v increase_v it_o will_v in_o a_o few_o year_n happen_v to_o we_o in_o relation_n to_o that_o country_n as_o it_o have_v to_o the_o fishery_n at_o new-england_n which_o many_o year_n since_o be_v manage_v by_o english_a ship_n from_o the_o western_a port_n but_o as_o plantation_n there_o increase_v fall_v to_o be_v the_o sole_a employment_n of_o people_n settle_v there_o and_o nothing_o of_o that_o trade_n leave_v the_o poor_a old_a englishman_n but_o the_o liberty_n of_o carry_v now_o and_o then_o by_o courtesy_n or_o purchase_n a_o ship_n load_v of_o fish_n to_o bilvoa_n when_o their_o own_o nâ—w-english_a ship_n be_v better_a employ_v or_o not_o at_o leisure_n to_o do_v it_o 4._o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o before_o there_o be_v boat-keeper_n or_o planter_n at_o newfoundland_n fish_n be_v sell_v cheap_a than_o now_o it_o be_v by_o about_o 40_o per_fw-la cent_z and_o consequent_o more_o vent_v the_o reason_n whereof_o i_o take_v to_o be_v this_o the_o boat-keeper_n and_o planter_n be_v general_o at_o first_o able_a fisherman_n and_o be_v upon_o the_o place_n can_v doubtless_o afford_v their_o fish_n cheap_a than_o the_o fish_n ship_n from_o old_a england_n so_o doubtless_o they_o do_v at_o first_o as_o well_o at_o new-england_n as_o at_o newfoundland_n until_o they_o have_v beat_v the_o english_a ship_n out_o of_o the_o trade_n after_o which_o be_v free_v from_o that_o competition_n they_o become_v lazy_a as_o to_o that_o laborious_a employment_n have_v mean_n otherwise_o to_o live_v and_o employ_v themselves_o and_o thereupon_o enhance_a the_o price_n of_o their_o fish_n to_o such_o a_o excess_n as_o in_o effect_n prove_v the_o give_v away_o of_o that_o trade_n to_o the_o french_a who_o by_o our_o aforesaid_a impolitic_a management_n of_o that_o trade_n have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v able_a to_o under-sell_a we_o at_o all_o market_n abroad_o and_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o those_o that_o can_v sell_v cheap_a will_v have_v the_o trade_n 5._o this_o kingdom_n be_v a_o island_n it_o be_v our_o interest_n as_o well_o for_o our_o preservation_n as_o our_o profit_n not_o only_o to_o have_v many_o seaman_n but_o to_o have_v they_o as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v within_o call_v in_o a_o time_n of_o danger_n now_o the_o fish_n ship_n go_v out_o in_o march_n and_o return_v home_o for_o england_n in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n yearly_o and_o there_o be_v employ_v in_o that_o trade_n two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o ship_n which_o may_v carry_v about_o ten_o thousand_o seaman_n fisherman_n and_o shore_n man_n as_o they_o usual_o call_v the_o
young_a person_n which_o be_v never_o before_o at_o sea_n i_o appeal_v to_o the_o reader_n whether_o such_o a_o yearly_a return_n of_o seaman_n abide_v at_o home_n with_o we_o all_o the_o winter_n and_o spend_v their_o money_n here_o which_o they_o get_v in_o their_o summer-fishery_a be_v not_o a_o great_a access_n of_o wealth_n and_o power_n to_o this_o kingdom_n and_o a_o ready_a supply_n for_o his_o majesty_n navy_n upon_o all_o emergency_n 6._o the_o fish_v ship_n yet_o be_v and_o always_o have_v be_v the_o breeder_n of_o seaman_n the_o planter_n and_o boat-keeper_n be_v general_o such_o as_o be_v breed_v and_o become_v expert_a at_o the_o cost_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o fish_v ship_n which_o planter_n and_o boat-keeper_n enter_v very_o few_o new_a or_o green_a man_n 7._o by_o the_o build_n fit_a victual_v and_o repair_v of_o fishing-ship_n multitude_n of_o english_a tradesman_n and_o artificer_n beside_o the_o owner_n and_o seaman_n gain_v their_o subsistence_n whereas_o by_o the_o boat_n which_o the_o planter_n and_o boat-keeper_n build_v or_o use_v at_o newfoundland_n england_n get_v nothing_o object_n but_o against_o all_o that_o i_o have_v say_v those_o that_o contend_v for_o a_o governor_n at_o newfoundland_n object_n 1._o that_o without_o a_o governor_n and_o government_n there_o that_o country_n will_v be_v always_o expose_v to_o the_o surprisal_n of_o the_o french_a or_o any_o foreigner_n that_o shall_v please_v to_o attack_v it_o 2._o that_o the_o disorder_n of_o the_o planter_n which_o i_o complain_v of_o and_o some_o other_o which_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o have_v not_o mention_v can_v be_v remedy_v without_o a_o governor_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v first_o that_o when_o we_o can_v preserve_v our_o colony_n by_o our_o ship_n or_o so_o awe_v our_o neighbour_n by_o our_o fleet_n and_o ship_n of_o war_n that_o they_o dare_v not_o attempt_v they_o our_o case_n will_v be_v sad_a and_o our_o propriety_n will_v be_v lose_v or_o in_o eminent_a danger_n not_o only_o abroad_o but_o at_o home_o likewise_o 2_o dly_z all_o the_o fish_n that_o be_v kill_v at_o newfoundland_n in_o a_o summer_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o maintain_v strength_n enough_o on_o shore_n to_o defend_v two_o fish_v harbour_n against_o ten_o man_n of_o war_n whereas_o that_o country_n have_v more_o harbour_n to_o defend_v than_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o old_a england_n 3_o dly_z if_o a_o governor_n be_v establish_v the_o next_o consequence_n will_v be_v a_o tax_n upon_o the_o fish_n and_o the_o least_o tax_n will_v increase_v the_o price_n of_o fish_n and_o that_o unavoidable_o will_v give_v the_o trade_n away_o whole_o into_o the_o french_a hand_n 4_o thly_a a_o government_n there_o be_v already_o of_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o master_n of_o the_o fishing-ship_n to_o which_o the_o fisherman_n be_v enure_v and_o that_o free_a from_o oppression_n and_o adapt_v to_o the_o trade_n insomuch_o that_o although_o a_o better_a may_v be_v wish_v i_o never_o hope_v to_o see_v it_o xi_o that_o new-england_n be_v the_o most_o prejudical_a plantation_n to_o this_o kingdom_n i_o be_o now_o to_o write_v of_o a_o people_n who_o frugality_n industry_n and_o temperance_n and_o the_o happiness_n of_o who_o law_n and_o institution_n do_v promise_n to_o themselves_o long_o life_n with_o a_o wonderful_a increase_n of_o people_n riches_n and_o power_n and_o although_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o envy_v that_o virtue_n and_o wisdom_n in_o other_o which_o themselves_o either_o can_v or_o will_v not_o practise_v but_o rather_o to_o commend_v and_o admire_v it_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o every_o good_a man_n primary_o to_o respect_v the_o welfare_n of_o his_o native_a country_n and_o therefore_o though_o i_o may_v offend_v some_o who_o i_o will_v not_o willing_o displease_v i_o can_v omit_v in_o the_o progress_n of_o this_o discourse_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o some_o particular_n wherein_o old_a england_n suffer_v diminution_n by_o the_o growth_n of_o those_o colony_n settle_v in_o new-england_n and_o how_o that_o plantation_n differ_v from_o those_o more_o southerly_a with_o respect_n to_o the_o gain_n or_o loss_n of_o this_o kingdom_n viz._n 1._o all_o our_o american_n plantation_n except_o that_o of_o new-england_n produce_v commodity_n of_o different_a nature_n from_o those_o of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o sugar_n tobacco_n cocoa_n wool_n ginger_n sundry_a sort_n of_o die_a wood_n etc._n etc._n whereas_o new-england_n produce_v general_o the_o same_o we_o have_v here_o viz._n corn_n and_o cattle_n some_o quantity_n of_o fish_n they_o do_v likewise_o kill_v but_o that_o be_v take_v &_o save_v altogether_o by_o their_o own_o inhabitant_n which_o prejudice_v our_o new_a found-land_n trade_n where_o as_o have_v be_v say_v very_o few_o be_v or_o aught_o according_a to_o prudence_n to_o be_v employ_v in_o those_o fishery_n but_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o old_a england_n the_o other_o commodity_n we_o have_v from_o they_o be_v some_o few_o great_a mast_n fur_n and_o train-oyl_n whereof_o the_o yearly_o value_n amount_v to_o very_o little_a the_o much_o great_a value_n of_o return_n from_o thence_o be_v make_v in_o sugar_n cotton_n wool_n tobacco_n and_o such_o like_a commodity_n which_o they_o first_o receive_v from_o some_o other_o of_o his_o majesty_n plantation_n in_o barter_n for_o dry_a codfish_n salt_n mackerel_n beef_n pork_n bread_n beer_n flower_n pease_n etc._n etc._n which_o they_o supply_v barbadoes_n jamaica_n etc._n etc._n with_o to_o the_o diminution_n of_o the_o vent_n of_o those_o commodity_n from_o this_o kingdom_n the_o great_a experience_n whereof_o in_o our_o own_o west-india_n plantation_n will_v soon_o be_v find_v in_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o value_n of_o our_o land_n in_o england_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o vast_a and_o almost_o incredible_a supply_n those_o colony_n have_v from_o new-england_n 2._o the_o people_n of_o new-england_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o primitive_a charter_n be_v not_o so_o strict_o tie_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n do_v sometime_o assume_v a_o liberty_n of_o trading_n contrary_a to_o the_o act_n of_o navigation_n by_o reason_n whereof_o many_o of_o our_o american_n commodity_n especial_o tobacco_n and_o sugar_n be_v transport_v in_o new-english_a ship_n direct_o into_o spain_n and_o other_o foreign_a country_n without_o be_v land_a in_o england_n or_o pay_v any_o duty_n to_o his_o majesty_n which_o be_v not_o only_a loss_n to_o the_o king_n and_o a_o prejudice_n to_o the_o navigation_n of_o old_a england_n but_o also_o a_o total_a exclusion_n of_o the_o old_a english_a merchant_n from_o the_o vent_n of_o those_o commodity_n in_o those_o port_n where_o the_o new-english_a vessel_n trade_n because_o there_o be_v no_o custom_n pay_v on_o those_o commodity_n in_o new-england_n and_o a_o great_a custom_n pay_v upon_o they_o in_o old_a england_n it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o new-english_a merchant_n will_v be_v able_a to_o afford_v his_o commodity_n much_o cheap_a at_o the_o market_n than_o the_o old_a english_a merchant_n and_o those_o that_o can_v sell_v cheap_a will_v infallible_o engross_v the_o whole_a trade_n soon_o or_o late_a 3._o of_o all_o the_o american_n plntation_n his_o majesty_n have_v none_o so_o apt_a for_o the_o build_n of_o ship_n as_o new-england_n nor_o none_o comparable_o so_o qualify_v for_o the_o breed_n of_o seaman_n not_o only_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o natural_a industry_n of_o that_o people_n but_o principal_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o cod_n and_o mackerel_n fishery_n and_o in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o prejudicial_a and_o in_o prospect_n more_o dangerous_a to_o any_o mother_n kingdom_n than_o the_o increase_n of_o ship_n in_o their_o colony_n plantation_n or_o province_n 4._o the_o people_n that_o evacuate_v from_o we_o to_o barbados_n and_o the_o other_o west-india_n plantation_n as_o be_v before_o hint_v do_v common_o work_v one_o english_a man_n to_o ten_o or_o eight_o black_n and_o if_o we_o keep_v the_o trade_n of_o our_o say_a plantation_n entire_o to_o england_n england_n will_v have_v no_o less_o inhabitant_n but_o rather_o a_o increase_n of_o people_n by_o such_o evacuation_n because_o that_o one_o english_a man_n with_o the_o ten_o black_n that_o work_n with_o he_o account_v what_o they_o eat_v use_v and_o wear_v will_v make_v employment_n for_o four_o man_n in_o england_n as_o be_v say_v before_o whereas_o peradventure_o of_o ten_o man_n that_o issue_n from_o we_o to_o new-england_n &_o ireland_n what_o we_o send_v to_o or_o receive_v from_o they_o do_v not_o employ_v one_o man_n in_o england_n to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n and_o to_o do_v right_a to_o that_o most_o industirous_a english_a colony_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o though_o we_o lose_v by_o their_o unlimited_a trade_n with_o our_o foreign_a plantation_n yet_o we_o be_v very_o great_a gainer_n