day and two nightes and shewed themselues in order of battaile before the Citie This was on the .xxiiij. of September The French king was at the same time within the Citie and might behold out of his lodging of S. Poule the fiers smokes that were made in Gastenois through burning the townes and villages there by the EnglishmeÌ„ but yet he wold suffer none of his people to go forth of the citie although there was a great power of men of warre within the Citie both of such as had coasted the English army in all this iourney and also of other which were come thither by the kings commaundement beside the Burgesses inhabitants of the Citie When sir Robert Knolles perceyued that hee shoulde haue no battaile he departed and drewe towardes Aniou where they wanne by streÌ„gth the townes of Vaas and Ruelly But now in the beginning of winter there fell suche discorde amongst the English captaines through couetousnesse and enuie that finally they deuided themselues in sunder greatly to the displeasure of sir Robert Knolles theyr General who could not rule them Tho. VVals Sir Simon Minsterworth There was a knight among them named sir Iohn Mensterworth that had the leading of one wing of this army a good man of his handes as we call him but peruers of mind verie deceitful and to sir Robert Knolles to whoÌ„ he was muche beholden most vnfaythful This knight perceyuing the wilfull minds of certaine yong Lords and knights there in the army that repined at the gouernment of sir Robert Knolles as the Romains did somtime at the gouernance of Camillus The chiefe of them were these the Lorde Grantson the Lord Fitz Water and others hee did his best to pricke them forwarde sounding them in the eare that it was a great reporche for them being of noble Parentage to serue vnder such an olde rascall as he was eche of them being able to guyde theyr enterprice of themselues Bermondsey wythout his counsayle In deede this sir Robert Knolles was not discended of any high lynage Sir Robert Knolles borne in Chesshire but borne in the Countie of Chester of meane ofspring neuerthelesse through his valiant prowes and good seruice in warre growne to such estimation as he was reputed worthie of all honour due to a noble and skilfull warrior so that it was thought the King coulde not haue made his choyse of one more able or sufficient to supplie the roumth of a chieftaine than of hym but yet although this was moste true his aduice could not be hearde nor the authoritie appoynted hym by the King beare any sway for where he counsayled that they shoulde nowe vpon the approching of Winter drawe forth of Fraunce into Brytayne and there remayne for the Wynter season they would not so agree nor obey his will Wherevpon it came to passe that sir Berthram de Cleaquin Sir Robert Knolles counsaile not followed at that time newly made Conestable of Fraunce vnderstanding this diuision to grow amongst the Englishmen and that they were deuided into parts he set vpon them so much to their disaduantage that he distressed theÌ„ and tooke or slue the more part of them Discorde who coÌ„meth 〈◊〉 Caxton but sir Robert Knolles with the flower of the archers and men of warre went into Brytaine and there saued himselfe and those that followed him Here may you see how those y t before through amitie and good agreement were of such force as their enimies durst not once assay to annoy them now by strife and dissention amongst themselues were slain or taken by the same enimies and brought to confusion In this meane time that sir Robert Knolles made thys voyage throughe the Realme of Fraunce Froissart The Citie of Limoges besieged the Prince of Wales layde siege to the Citie of Lymoges whiche was reuolted to the Frenchmen There were with hym at the laying of thys siege his brethren the Duke of Lancaster and the Earle of Cambridge sir Guishard Dangle sir Loys de Harecourt the Lorde of Pons the Lorde of Partenay the Lorde of Pinane the Lorde of Tannaybouton sir Perciuall de Coulongne sir Geffray de Argenton Poictouyus and of Gascoignes the Lorde of Mountferrant the Lorde de Chaumount the Lorde de Lougueren sir Amerie de Tharse the Lordes of Pommiers Mucident de l' Esparre the Souldiche de Lestrade the Lorde of Geronde and many other of Englishe menne there were sir Thomas Percye the Lorde Ros the Lorde William Beauchampe sir Michaell de la Pole sir Stephen Goussenton sir Richarde Pontchardon sir Baldwyn Freuille sir Simon Burley sir Dangousse Sir Iohn Deuereux Sir William Menille or as some Copyes haue Neuille and many other There was also Sir Eustace Dambrethicourt and of the Companions sir Perducas Dalbreth who in the begynning of these warres beeing turned Frenche was by the perswasion of Sir Robert Knolles procured to returne agayne to the Princes seruice before the siege of Durmelle The Prince beeing thus accompanied wyth these worthie Captaynes and men of armes to the number of .xij. hundred beside a thousand archers and other footmen endeuoured by al wayes he could deuice to endomage them within In the ende he caused the walles to be vndermined and quite reuersed into the ditch Lymoges taken by force and then giuing assault entred by y e breach made an huge slaughter of them within insomuche that of men women and children for none were spared in respect of age or sexe there were slain and behedded that day aboue three thousand The Bishop with certaine knightes and captaynes were taken and had their liues graunted though the Bishop was in great daunger to haue lest his head bycause he was a chiefe doer in yeelding the Citie before vnto the Frenchmen Whilest the Prince lay at siege before Lymoges a little before he wanne it thither came to hym his brethren Polidor Froissart the Duke of Lancaster and the Earle of Cambridge the Lorde Ros sir Michaell de la Poole sir Robert Roux sir Iohn Saintlo sir William Beauchampe wyth a faire number of men of warre speares archers The Prince then after he had wonne Lymoges and executed some crueltie there to the terrour of other His maladie which still continued vpoÌ„ him rather encreased than diminished so that hee was aduised by Phisitions to returne into England in hope that chaunge of aire should restore him to health For the which consideration and other causes of businesse which he had to doe with his father The Prince returneth into England Thom VVals touching certain weighty affaires he tooke the sea came ouer into EnglaÌ„d leauing the gouernment of Aquitain vnto his brother the duke of Lancaster as his lieutenant there he landed at Plimmouth in the beginning of Ianuary The king of Nauar commeth ouer inâ—…o England Moreouer in this .xliiij. yeare of king Edward the king of Nauarre came ouer into England and at Claringdon found the king
mighty coursers they ranne togither right egeely At the firste course though they atteynted yet kepte they their saddles withoute anye perill of falling The people beholding howe stiffely Earle Dauid sate without mouing cryed that y e Scottishman was locked in his saddle He hearing this lepte besyde his Horse and right deliuerly mounted vp agayne into the saddle armed as he was to the greate wonder of the beholders This done he tooke another staffe and so togither they runne againe right fiercely the second time and yet without any great hurte on eyther part but the thirde time the Lorde Welles was borne out of the sadle and sore hurt with the fall The Lorde Welles borne out of his saddle And bycause the Earle of Crawford thus vanquished his aduersarie on saint Georges day he founded a Chanterie of seuen Priestes to sing in our Ladies Church of Dundee in memorie of Saint George which they did vnto our time not withoute singular commendation of the sayde Earle After this hee remained three monethes in Englande in sporting and feasting amongst the nobles before he returned into Scotlande highly praysed of all estates for his noble port and great liberalitie there shewed amongst them Prayse of the Earle of Crawfort Sir Roberte Morlay Not long after one Sir Roberte Morlay an Englishman came into Scotlande to trie hys manhoode in singular battel with whome so euer woulde come againste him hee vanquished one Archembald Edmounston and Hew Wallace but at length hee was ouercome by one Hewe Traill at Berwike and dyed shortly after vppon displeasure thereof conceyued The same yeere Richard King of England maried Isabell daughter to the Frenche King and soone after Richard King of Englande goeth into Irelande went into Ireland to subdue such Irishe Rebells as troubled the quiet state of the Countrey But in the meane time his Lords at home rebelled against him and determined to depose him from the Crowne so that vpon hys returne into Englande hee was apprehended and put in ward and shortly after King Richard is deposed constrayned to renounce all his righte to the Crowne and adiudged therewith to perpetuall prison yet at length He is adiudged to perpetuall prison as the Scottish Chronicle telleth he gote forth of prison disguised in womans apparell came into Galloway where hee fell in seruice with a Scottishman named Makdonald but at y e last He escapeth foorth of prison being bewrayed and knowen what he was and therevpon brought to King Robert he was right honorably by him entertained neuerthelesse knowing him selfe deposed from his royall estate hee gaue himselfe wholly to contemplation til finally he departed this world at Striueling and was buried in the blacke Friers there within the same towne as the same Scottish Chronicles vntruely do report But to the matter King Richard dieth at â—â—erling and lyeth buried there Henry the sonne of Iohn of GauÌ„t sometime Duke of Lancaster after y e King Richard was deposed Henry the fourth King of Englande is crowned 1399. I.M. 1400 was Crowned King of England at Westminster the .xiij. day of October in the yeere .1399 In the yere next ensuing that is to wit .1400 King Robert in consideratioÌ„ of a summe of money to him aforehand payd contracted couenants of mariage to be had and made betwixt his sonne the Duke of Rothsay and the Earle of Marches daughter The occasion of the falling foorth betwixt King Robert and the Earle of March but Archembalde Earle of Dowglas hauing indignation y t the Earle of March should be preferred before him by support of the Duke of Albany procured a counsel to be called in y e whiche hee founde meanes to assure his daughter the Lady Mariory vnto the sayd Duke of Rothsay and with al speede went about to consummate y e mariage betwixt them to put the matter out of all doubt The Earle of March perceiuing this dealing came to the King and required to know his pleasure if he minded to performe the couenantes coÌ„cluded concerning the mariage betwixt y e prince his daughter or not making as it were a great complainte of that which was already done to y e breach thereof and receyuing answere nothyng agreeable to his minde hee departed in a greate fume not sticking to say hee woulde be reuenged on such vntruth ere it were long Shortly after he fled into England leauyng his Castell of Dunbar The Earle of March fleeth into Eâ—… well stuffed of all thyngs necessary for defence in the keeping of his sisters sonne named Robert Maitland but when Archembald Dowglas came thither in the Kyngs name and required to haue the Castell rendred into his hands The Castell of Dunbar â—…eyâ—…ed to the Kings vse this Robert Maitland obeyed the kings commaundemente and deliuered the house to the sayd Dowglas George Earle of March enformed hereof procured all his friendes to conuey themselues into England and determined with himselfe to do all the displeasure and mischife he mighte inuente against his owne natiue countrey King Roberte sore dreading least by thus Earles procuremente some trouble might hap to folowe amongst his subiectes sente an Herald at armes into England with letters vnto him King Roberte â—â—â—th vnto the Earle of Marche promising by the tenor of the same not only to pardon him of all offences committed but also to redresse all wrongs or iniuries which he hadde any wayes forth receyued if hee woulde returne into Scotlande for as much as the Earle of March refused this offer the same Hâ—…de according to instructions giuen him at his departure froÌ„ King Roberte wente immediately to Henry King of EnglaÌ„d with other letters Sent letters also vnto the King of Englande earnestly desiring him to cause the Earle of March to depart out of hys Realme and not to receyue any Rebelles out of Scotlande into his boundes whereby the peace mighte bee violated whiche as yet remayned betwixt the two Kingdomes King Henry vpon reasonable allegations as he pretended refused to satisfye King Roberts petitions in this behalfe by reason whereof the peace brake betwixte them and their subiects withoute any further tracting of time He was named of his terrible countenance and dreadful lookes the grimme Dowglas After his deceasse his seconde sonne that hight likewise Archembald was made Earle of Dowglas for his eldest sonne William Dowglas dyed in the yeere afore his father Henry King of Englande inuadeth Scotlande Shortly after Henry King of England came into Scotland with an Army without doing any great domage to the people for hee required no more of theÌ„ that kept any Castells or strengths but only to put foorthe a Banner of his armes as he passed by At his comming to Hadington he was lodged in the Nunrie there and shewed much bounteous humanitie towards the Nunnes and al other of that house not suffering any manner of thing to be done preiuditiall to the same The like gentlenesse he vsed towardes
them of the holy Roode house at his comming to Edynburgh wherein he likewise lodged It is thoughte that in memory of the friendly entertainemente whiche his father the Duke of Lancaster founde in these Abbeys at the time of his being in Scotland when the rebellion chaunced in England through Iacke Strawe and his complices he shewed suche fauor towardes them at this present To bee briefe it shoulde appeare that King Henry came into Scotlande as it were enforced more through counsell of his nobles than for any hatred he bare towardes the Scottes as hee well shewed in returning backe againe without doing them any further iniurie The death of Queene Annabell In the yeere after deceassed the Scottishe Queene Annabell Drommond after whose decesse hir sonne Dauid the Duke of Rothsay that vnder hir gouernemente had bin well and vertuously broughte vp hauing nowe gote once the reyne at liberty The insolent outrage of the Duke of Rothsay fell to al kind of insolent outrage seeking to defyle Wiues Virgines Nunnes and al other kind of womeÌ„ in al places wher he came At length his Father perceyuing his sonnes youthful nature to rage after that manner in vnbrideled lust beyond the tearmes of all measure to the great reproch of them both wrote to his brother the Duke of Albany requiring him to take his sonne the said Duke of Rothsay into his custody and to see him so chastised for his wanton behauiour as he might learne to amend the same Here is to be noted that the Duke of Albany had of long time before desired to see the Duke of Rothsay dispatched out of the way as the person whome hee most doubted and therefore hauyng commission thus from the King to take him hee reioyced not a little trusting thereby to compasse his purpose without daunger And herevppon taking the Duke of Rothsay betwixt Dundee and S. Androwes hee brought him to Faulkland The Duke of Rothsay coÌ„mitted to prison where he shut him vp in straite prison and kept him without al manner of meate or drinke so to famish him to death It is sayde that a woman vnderstanding the Duke of Albanies intention and taking ruth of the others pitifull case found meanes to let meale fall downe through a rift of the loft of that towre wherein he was enclosed by meanes whereof hys life was certayne dayes susteyned but after thys was once knowne incontinently was the woman made away On the same maner another woman through a long reede fedde him with milke of hir owne brests and was likewise dispatched as soone as her doings were perceyued Then after this The Duke of Rothsay famished to death the Duke destitute of all worldly sustenaunce through very famine was constreyned to eate not onely all suche filth as hee could finde within the Towre but also in y e end hee gnawed off his owne fingers and so finally in this miserable state of Martirdome as I may call it ended his wretched life and was buryed in Lundoris Miracles where as the fame wente many fayre miracles were done neere to his graue till tyme that Iames the first began to punish the murtherers for sithens that time such miracles ceassed About the same time The displeasures done by George Earle of March George Earle of March did many displeasures to the Scottes makyng sundry rodes into their countrey greatly to hys profyte The Earle of Dowglas that had the gouernmente of Lowthian in those dayes tooke order The Earle of Dowglas gouernoure of Louthian that certayne Captaines of that Countrey shuld euery one for his turne with a competente number assigned to him for the time rode into England to reuenge such displeasures The first that went Thomas Holy burton was Thomas Halyburton who returned in safetie with a great pray taken of Englishmens goodes Next vnto him was Patrike Hepborne of the Halis the yonger appoynted to goe â—…oorthe as Captayne generall with a certaine number who entring into Englande gote a great bootie togither but the Englishmen following therevppon to recouer it encountred with hym at Nesbetiâ—… the Mers Patricke Hepborne slayne at Nâ—…sbet and there not onely slew him but also distressed his people Besides them that were slayne with theyr Captayne there were also many that were taken as Iohn and William Cokborne Roberte Lawder of the Bas Iohn and Thomas Haliburton with many other Almost all the floure of Lowthian as Iohannes Maior writeth perished in this battell whiche was fought the .xxij. of Iune in the yere .1402 1402 Archembald Dowglas inâ—â—deth Englande Archembald Earle of Dowglas sore displeased and wonderfully wroth in his minde for this ouerthrowe gote commission to inuade Englande with an army of tenne thousand men and hauing the same once ready with all thyngs necessary for his voyage hee set forwarde and entring into Englande brente and harried the countrey not staying till hee came as farre as Newcastell In this army there was with the Dowglas Murdock eldest sonne to Duke Robert Earle of Fife Thomas Earle of Murray The Nobles of Scotland in this army George Earle of Angus with many other Lords and nobles of Scotlande It is sayde that after the Scottes were once put to flight they gathered agayne and renewed the battell by the exhortation of Adham Gordon and sir Iohn Suynton but that dyd little auayle them for they were still beaten downe and slayne Amongst other of those that were slaine were the same sir Iohn Swynton and Adham Gordoun Men of name slayne Also Iohn Leuynston of Kalendare Alexander Ramsay of Dalhowsy with sundry other gentlemen and nobles of Scotland Prisoners taken Archembald Earle of Dowglas Mordo Stewarde eldest sonne to Duke Robert the gouernour George Earle of Angus Roberte Erskyn of Alloway the Lorde Saulton Iames Dowglas maister of Dalkeith and his two brethren Iohn and William with the most part of all the Barons of Fyfe and Lowthian were taken prisoners This battell was fought on the Roode day in Haruest in the yeere .1403 vpon a tuisday H. B. 1402 The Castell of Cocklauis beseeged Henry Percy righte proude of this victory came with the Earle of March vnto the Castell of Cokclauis in Teuidale and layde seege to the same but Iohn Greynelow Captayne thereof defended it so manfully that they gote no greate aduauntage yet at length he fell to this composition with them that if he had no reskewe within the space of three moneths A compositioÌ„ the Castell shoulde be then rendred into their hands When the gouernour of Scotlande was enformed what agreement the Captayne of Cokclauis had made he assembled the Lordes in couÌ„sell to haue their aduice for the leuying of an army against the time appoynted There were many of this opinion that it was better to lose the Castell than to ieoperde the liues of so many men as were necessary to furnish that enterprise for the sauing of it but y e gouernor shewed that hee weyed
was slain and diuerse Barons on his side although the victorie and field remayned with his sonne the maister of Crawforde who succeeded his father and was called Earle Beirdy On the Erle of Huntleys syde were slaine Iohn Forbes of Petslege Alexander Berckley of Gartulye Robert Maxwell of Telyne William Gurdun of Burrowfielde Sir Iohn Oliphant of Aberdagie and fiue hundred more on theyr syde and one hundred of the victorers were also slaine as Hector Boetius hath Who likewise reporteth that the occasion of thys battayle dyd chaunce through the varyaunce that fell ouâ—…e betwixt the Earle of Crawfordes eldest sonne Alexander Lyndsey and Alexander Ogilbye or Ogiluie as some write him aboute the office of the Balifewike of Arbroth the which the Maister of Crawforde enioying was displaced and put out by the sayde Ogiluie Wherevpon the Maister of Crawforde to recouer his right as he tooke it got a power togither with helpe of the Hamiltons and with the same seased vpon the Abbay and Ogiluie with helpe of the Erle of Huntly came thither with an armie to recouer the place againe out of his aduersaries handes and so vpon knowledge hereof gyuen vnto the Earle of Crawforde he himselfe comming from Dundee vnto Arbroth at the very instant when the battails were readie to ioyne caused first his sonne to stay after calling forth sir Alexander Ogiluie to talke with him in purpose to haue made peace betwixt him his sonne was thrust into the mouth with a speare by a coÌ„mon souldier that knewe nothing what his demaundment so that he fel downe therewith and presently died in the place whervpon togither the parties went incoÌ„tinently without more protracting of time and so fought with such successe as before ye haue heard The Erle of Huntley escaped by flight but Alexander Ogiluie being taken and sore wounded was led to the castel of Fineluin where shortly after he died of his hurtes This battaile was fought the .xxiij. of Ianuarie 1445 The Castell of Edenburgh besieged in the yeare of our Lorde .1445 This yeare also or as Hector Boetius hath in the yere next insuing the castell of Edenburgh was besieged by the space of .ix. monethes by the king the Erle of Dowglas sir WilliaÌ„ Creichton being within it At length it was giuen ouer vpon certain coÌ„ditions the said sir William restored to the office of Chancellor againe but hee would not meddle with the ordering of the kings businesse staying for a time more conuenient Sir Iames Stewarde surnamed the blacke knight husband to the Queene the kings mother Iames Steward is banished the realme was banished the realme for speaking wordes against the misgouernment of the king realme wherwith he offended the Erle of Dowglas As he passed the seas towards Flanders He dyed he was takeÌ„ by the Flemings shortly after departed this life The queen his wife being aduertised of his death died also within a while after The Queene dyed 1446 was buried in the Charterhouse of Perth the .xv. of Iuly in y e yeare 1446. Hir name was Iane Somerset daughter to the Erle of Somerset Iames the first maried hir as before ye may reade in England She had by him .viij. childreÌ„ two sonnes .vj. daughters which were all honourably maried the first named Margaret to the Dolphin of Fraunce the seconde Eleanore to the Duke of Brytayne the thirde to the Lorde of Terueer in Zelande the fourth to the Duke of Austrich the fifth to the Earle of Huntley and the sixth to the Earle of Morton And by Iames Stewarde hir seconde husbande she had three sonnes Iohn Earle of Athole Iames Erle of Buchquhan and Androw Bishop of Murrey Soone after sir William Creichton with the Bishop of Dunkelde Nicholas Oterburn a Canon of Glasgâ—…w were sent in ambassade vnto the duke of Gelderland for his daughter called Marie King Iames maryed a daughter of Gelderland to be ioyned in mariage with K. Iames. Their suite was obteyned the Ladie sent into Scotland nobly accoÌ„panied with diuerse Lordes both spirituall and temporall At hir arryuall shee was receyued by the king with great triumph and the maryage solemnized by the assistaunce of all the Nobles of Scotland with great banketting ioyfull myrth and all pleasant intertainment of those strangers that might be 1447 In the yeare 1447. ther was a Parliament holden at Edenbourgh in the which sir Alexander Leuingston of Calender late gouernor Iames Dundas and Robert Dundas knightes aâ—… the pursuite of the Earle of Dowglas were forfalted and condemned to perpetuall prison in Dunbrytan and Iames Leuingston his eldest sonne Robert Leuingston Treasorer and Dauid Leuingston knights lost their heades Iames before his execution made a very wise oration to the standers by Iames Leuingston made an Oration declaring the instabilitie of fortune chauÌ„ge of court exhorting al persons to beware thereof sith enuye euer followed high estate and wicked malice neuer suffred good men to gouerne long W. Creichton condemned In the same Parliament sir William Creichton was also forfalted for diuerse causes but principally for that his seruants would not deliuer the house of Chreichton to the kings heralde who charged them so to do This forfalture was coÌ„cluded in parliament by vertue of an act which the saide William when he was Chancellor caused to be made so being the first inuenter was also the first against whom it was practised Incursions made 1448 The yeare next ensuing were sundris incursions made betwixt Scots and EnglishmeÌ„ on the borders Dunfreis was burnt and likewise Anwike in EnglaÌ„d but shortly after a truce was concluded for .vij. yeres great offers of friendship made by the English men for to haue the warres cease on that side bicause the warre betwixt theÌ„ Fraunce was very hotely pursued and ciuill dissention disquieted the state of EnglaÌ„d which was raysed betwixt y e two houses of LaÌ„caster York 1450 English men fetch booties 〈◊〉 of Scotlande The English borderers of the west Marches fetched a great bootie of cattell out of Scotlande notwithstanding the truce in reuenge whereof the Scots inuading England wasted the countrey burnt townes and villages slue the people and with a great praye of prisoners goodes and cattel The Sâ—…ntes made Englande returned home into Scotland Herewith followed dayly rodes and forrayes made on both sides betwixt the Scottes and English men and that with such rage and crueltie that a great part of Cumberland was in maner layde wast for on that side the Scots chiefly made their inuasions bycause that from thence the first occasion of all this mischiefe might seeme to haue had the beginning WheÌ„ such things were certified to the king of Englandes counsell an army was appointed forthwith to inuade ScotlaÌ„d vnder y e leading of the Earle of Northumberland A knight named Magnus of one Magnus surnamed redbeard a captain of great experience as he that had bene trayned
meanes according as it should haue pleased hys good wil omnipotent power yet he chose this way whereby the effusion of much bloud might be auoyded whiche by ciuill battell had bin spylled if the parties hauing their harts fylled with rancoure and yre had buckeled togyther in battayle Iames Kenedy Archbishop of Saint Androws châ—…efe Chauncellor to the King But the King vsing the aduise of his kinsman Iames Kenedie Archbishop of Saint Androws compassed his purpose in the end dispatching out of the way all suche as he any wayes foorthe mistrusted of which nuÌ„ber namely were the Dowglasses whose puissance and authoritie not without cause he euermore suspected Many haue reported as before is said that in the beginning King Iames the second through feare of y e great power of these Dowglasses was in mind to haue fled the Realme but being recoÌ„forted by the counsell and authoritie of the sande Bishop Iames Kenedy he aduaunced his studie to matters of greater importaunce The sayde Kenedy turned the Earle of Angus being of the surname of the Dowglasses and brother to him by his mother to take parte with the King The practise of Bishop Kenedy He procured also diuers other of y e same bloud and surname to reuolte from the other confederates and to submitte themselues vpon promise of pardon vnto the Kings mercie and so enfeobling the forces of such as were aduersaries to the King in the ende he had them all at his pleasure It was thoughte that for so muche as the Dowglasses had their laÌ„ds lying so vpon y e west and middle Marches of the Realme that no maÌ„ might beare any rule in those partes Great power cause of suspiâ—â—â— but onely they them selues if they had happily ioined with the Englishmen considering the greate intelligence beside which they had in all other partes of the Realme what by kindred and aliaunce the Realme mighte haue falne into greate perill for truely it is a daungerous thing as Iohannes Maior saith for the estate of a Realme to haue men of greate power and authoritie inhabiting on the bordures and vttermost partes thereof for if they chaunce vpon any occasion gyuen to renounce their obedience to there naturall Prince and supreme gouernours the preiudice may bee greate and irrecouerable that oftentimes thereof ensueth as well appeareth in the Erles of March and other before mentioned in this history and likewise in Fraunce by the Dukes of Burgundy Brytayne and Normandy for till those couÌ„treys were incorporate and annexed vnto the Crowne of Fraunce the Kings of that Realme were oftentimes put to great hinderance through Rebellion by them whome they accompted for their subiects But nowe to returne where I loste after the Dowglasses were once dispatched and thyngs quieted King Iames the seconde began then to raigne and rule really not doubting the controlement of any other person Lawes ordeyned For then he ordeyned lawes for his people as seemed best to his lyking commaunding the same to be kept vnder greate penalties and forfeytures And being counselled chiefly by the Bishop of S. Androwes Iames Kenedie that was his vncle and the Earle of Orkney hee passed through all the partes of hys Realme A general pardon graunted graunting a generall pardon of all offences passed And so hee ruled and gouerned hys subiects in greate quietnesse and caused iustice so duely to be ministred on all sides that it was said in his days how he caused the rashe bush to keepe the Cowe In the yeere .1455 the King helde a Parliamente 1455 A Parliament holden in whiche were many good lawes made and established for the weale of all the Realm as in the bookes of y e actes of ParliameÌ„t is coÌ„teyned The Isles and high lande quietly gouerned He vsed the matter also in suche wise with the principall Captaynes of the Iles and of the hye lands that the same were as quietly gouerned as any part of the lowe Landes shewing all obedience aswell in paying such duties as they owed to y e King for their lands as also in readinesse to serue in the warres with greate companyes of men as became them to do Donald Earle of Rosse and Lord of the Isles Specially Donalde Lord of the Isles and Earle of Rosse who hadde before ioyned hymselfe in confederacie with the Earles of Dowglas and Crawfort agaynst the King and had taken into his hands the Kyngs house and castel of Inuernesse as before ye haue heard naming hymselfe King of the Iles. Neuerthelesse he was now at length recoÌ„ciled to the King and gaue pledges for his good demeanor and afterwards brought to the King three thousand men in ayde at the seege of Roxburgh In this meane while greate dissention rose in Englande betweene the two houses of Lancaster and Yorke the King being principall of the house of Lancaster was taken himselfe at the battell of Saint Albons Dissention in England But the Queene with hir sonne the Prince and Henry the yong Duke of Sommerset and diuers other fled into y e North parts of England and sent to the King of Scotlande to desire him of ayde who vppon good aduice taken with his counsell for that King Henry hadde euer kept well y e peace with the Realme of Scotland and also for reuenge of his vncle the Duke of Sommerset his deathe prepared an army of twentie thousande men to passe into Englande and in the meane time all the North partes of England hearing that King Iames was ready to support the Queene of England ioyned with hir and past forward into the South partes constrayning the Duke of Yorke to flee the Realme and so king Henry enioyed the gouernemente of his Realme agayne and for that time concluded an agreemente with the Duke of Yorke his aduersarie whiche lasted not long The Duke of Yorke remembring how ready king Iames was to prepare an armie in supporte of his aduersarie King Henry procured the bordurers to make incursions vpon the Scottish subiects and woulde suffer no redresse to be had nor dayes of truce kept on the borders as in time of peace the custome was King Iames inuadeth Englande Wherevpon king Iames reysed a power and in person entred with the same into EnglaÌ„d doing great hurt by destroying diuers Townes Castels and Pyles in Northumberland the Bishoprike and other partes till at length vpon faire promises made by the Englishmen hee returned into his owne countrey 1458. After this King Henry of Englande perceyuing that the Duke of Yorke by the counsell of the Earle of Warwike ceassed not to practise conspiracies against him sent eftsoones to kyng Iames requiring him of ayde against them and promised therefore to restore vnto the King of Scotland the Lands in NorthumberlaÌ„d Cumberland the Bishoprike of Duresme and suche like which the Kings of Scotland had helde before This offer was accepted and by treaties and contracts accorded sealed and enterchanged betwixt the two Princes as the Scottishmen
great warre was reysed betwixt the English of Meth and Offerolle 1373 in the whiche manye vppon both sydes were slaine In May Slaughter the Lorde Iohn Hâ—…lsey Baron of Galtrim Iohn Fitz Richarde Sherife of Meth and William Dalloâ—… were slain in Kynaleigh In the yeare .1375 1375 Thomas Archbishop of Dublyn departed this life and the same yere was Robert de Wikeforde consecrated Archebyshop there ¶ Richard the seconde EDmonde Mortimer Earle of Marche and Vlster was made the Kings Lieutenaunt in Irelande 1381 The Earle of Marche the kings lieutenant In the yeare .1383 a greate mortalitie raigned in that countrey 1383 This was called the fourth pestilence In the yeare .1385 Dublyn bridge fell 1385 Beside Edmond Mortimer Erle of Marâ—…h Campion affyrmeth that in this Richard the seconds dayes there are Iustices and lieutenants of Irelande specially recorded Roger Mortimer sonne to the sayd Edmond Philip Courtney the kings cousin Iames Earle of Ormonde and Robert Vere Erle of Oxford Marques of Dublyn lorde Chamberlaine who was also created Duke of Irelande by Parliament and was credited with the whole Dominion of the Realme by graunt for râ—â—rme of life withoute paying anye thing therefore passing all writtes and placing all officers as Chauncellor Treasurer chiefe Iustice admirall his owne Lieutenant and other inferiour charges vnder his owne tâ—…ste In the yeare .1390 Robert de Wikeforde Archebishoppe of Dublyn departed thys lyfe 1390 and the same yeare was Robert Waldeby translated vnto the Archebyshop of Dublyn an Augustine Frier 1394 King Richard goeth ouer inâ—…o Irelande In the yere .1294 K. Richard sore afflicted and troubled in minde with sorrow for the decease of his wife Queene Anne that departed this life at Whitsuntide last past not able without teares to beholde his Palaces and Chambers of estate that represented vnto him the solace past and doubled his sorrow sought some occasion of businesse and now about Michaelmasse passed ouer into Irelande where dyuerse Lordes and Princes of Vlster renued theyr homages Roger Mortimer lord lieutenant Thom. Wals and placing Roger Mortimer Erle of March his Lieutenant returned about Shrouetide In the yeare .1397 Richarde de Norshalis Archebishop of Dublyn departed this life 1397 that was the same yeare from an other Sea remoued thither He was a Frier of the order of the of the Carmelites The Fryday after his arriuall at Forde in Kenlis within the Countie of Kildare there were slaine two E. Irishmen by Ienicho de Artois a Eascoigne and such Englishmen as he had with him and the morrow after the Citizens of Duâ—…ling brake into the countrey of Obren slue .xxxiij of the enimies tooke .lxxx. men with children The .iiij. Kalends of Iuly The King commeth to Dublyn king Richard came to Dublin and remayned there for a time during the which diuerse Lordes and Princes of the couÌ„trey came in and submitted themselues vnto him by whom they were curteously vsed See more hereof in England and trayned to honourable demeanor and 〈◊〉 as much as the shortnesse of time would permit as in y e English historie you may find set forth more at large Whilest king Richard thus say in Dublin to reduce Ireland vnto due subiection he was aduertised that Henry duke of Lancaster that lately before had bene banished was returned and ment to bereaue him of the crown The sonne of which Duke togyther with the Duke of Gloucesters sonne the King shutte vp wythin the Castell of Trim and then taking the Seas he returned and landed in Wales where he founde hys defence so weake and vnsure that finally he came into his aduersaries handes and was deposed by authoritie of Parliament and then was the sayd Duke of Lancaster admytted to raigne in hys place ¶ Henrie the fourth 1400 AT Whisuntide in the yeare .1400 whiche was the first yeare of the raigne of Henry the fourth the Conestable of Dublin Castell and diuerse other at Stranford in Vlster fought by Sea with Scottes where many English men were slaine and drowned In the second yeare of king Henrie the fourth 1401 Sir Iohn Stanley lord lieutenant sir Iohn Stanley the kings lieutenant in Irelande returned into Englande leauing his vnder lieuetenant there sir William Stanley The same yeare on Bartholmew euen sir Stephen Scrope Sir Stephen Scrope deputie vnto the lord Thomas of Lancaster the kings brother and Lorde lieutenant of Irelande arriued there to supplie the rowmth of Alexander Bishop of Meth that exercised the same office vnder the sayd Lord Thomas of Lancaster before the comming of this sir Stephen Scrope which sir Stephen for his violence and extortion before time vsed in the same office vnder king Richard was sore cried out vpoÌ„ by the voyces of the poore people insomuch that the Ladie his wife hearing of such exclamations would in no wise continue with him there except he would receiue a solemne othe on the Bible that wittingly he shoulde wrong no Christian creature in that lande that truely and duly he shoulde see payment made for all expenses and hereof shee sayd shee had made a vow to Christ so determinately that onlesse it were on his part firmly promised she could not without peril of soul go with him Hir husband assented and accoÌ„plished hir request effectually recouered a good opinion for his vpright dealing reformed his caters purueyers enriched the couÌ„try mainteined a plentiful house remission of great offences remedies for persons endaungered to the prince pardons of landes and liues he graunted so charitably and so discreetly that his name was neuer recited amoÌ„g theÌ„ without many blessings and prayers and so cheerfully they were redy to serue him against the Irish vpoÌ„ all necessarie occasions The Lord Thomas of Lancaster the kings sonne and Lorde lieutenant of Ireland arriued the same yeare at Dublin vpon Saint Brices day The Maior of Dublin Iohn Drake The Irish ouerthrowne 〈◊〉 the Maior of Dublin with a band of his Citizens neare to Bre slue foure M. of the Irish Outlawes as Campion noteth out of the records of Christes Church But Marlb speaketh onely of .493 And these being all men of warre The verie same day that this victorie was atchieued to wit the .xj. day of Iulie the Church of the Friers Preachers in Dublin was dedicate by the Archbishop of that Citie The same yeare in September a Parliament was holden at Dublin during the whiche in Vrgile Sir Bartholmew Verdon Knight Iames White Stephen Gernon and other theyr complices slue the Shirife of Louth Iohn Dowdall In the yeare .1403 in May sir Walter Beterley Stewarde of Vlster a right valiant knight was slaine and to the number of .xxx. other with him The same yeare aboute the feast of Saint Martin the L. Thomas of Lancaster the kings sonne returned into England leauing the Lorde Stephen Scrope his Deputie there Stephen Scrope who also in the beginning of Lent sayled ouer into England and then
Leycester where the Burgesses receiued him into the towne at his coming thither From thence he marched to Notingham burning and wasting the houses and manors of the Barons and other of his enimies and specially those that belonged to the Erle of Leycester Here he also gathered more people Some write that Iohn de Ballioll and Robert de â—…bruys and Peter de Bruys came to him here and not before Mat. VVest and so encreased his power insomuch that diuerse noble men as Roger Clifforde Henrie Percy Richarde Grey Philip Basset Richard Sward and Hubert Earle of Kent doubting the lacke of power in theyr companions reuolted incontinently to the kings syde He sent his sonne Prince Edward into Darbyshyre Mat. VVest and Staffordshire with a strong power where he wasted the Manours and possessions of Robert de Ferrers Earle of Darby The Castell of Turburie defaced and namely he ouerthrew and defaced the castell of Turbury Wheresoeuer the kings armie or that which his son Prince Edward led chaunced to come there folowed spoyling burning and killing The Barons on the other side sate not still for the Lorde Iohn Gyfford with other that were appoynted by the Erle of Leicester to kepe Killingworth castell which was furnished with all things necessarie maruellously and with such strange kind of engines as had not bin lightly heard of nor seene in these parties tooke by a policie the Castell of Warwike The Castell of Warwike takeÌ„ and William Manduit Earle of Warwike with his wife and familie within it and leading them to Kenilworth there committed them to prison The cause was for that they suspected him that hee woulde take part with the 〈◊〉 agaynst them The Castell of Warwike raâ—…ed The Castell of Warwike 〈◊〉 â—…xed downe least the kings people shoulde taâ—… 〈◊〉 for their refuge In the Passion weâ—…e the Iewes that inhabited in London beeing detected of treason The Iewes are killed whiche they had deuised agaynst the Barons and Citizens were staâ—… almoste all the whole number of them and great ryches founde in their houses which was taken and caried away by those that ransacked the same houses In the end of April the Barons hearing where the King was departed from London with a great multitude of the Citizens whom they placed in the vawarde and marched forth towardes the king and comming neare to the place where he was lodged set downe their Tentes and encamped themselues a little beside him Eyther here or by the way as they came forward The Barons send a letter to the king the barons deuised a letter and sent it vnto the K. conteyning an excuse of their doings and a declaration of their well meanings both towardes him and the wealth of the realme and herewith accusing those that were aboute him and with euill counsaile misenformed him both agaynst them agaynst the publike wealth of the lande and hys owne honor This letter was dated the tenth of May and subscribed with the names of a great number of noble men of the which the more part doe here ensue but yet not all Sir Simon de Mountford Erle of Leycester and high steward of Englande Sir Gylbert de Clare Earle of Gloucester Robert Ferreys Earle of Darbye Hugh Spencer Lorde chiefe Iustice and Henry Mountford sonne and heyre to the Erle of Leycester Richarde Grey Henrie Hastings Iohn Fitz Iohn Robert de Veepont Iohn Gynuile Robert Roos William Marmion Baldwyn Wake Gylbert Gyfforde Nicholas de Segraue Godfrey de Lucy Iohn de Veisie William de Mounthenisey with other The King answered this letter in charging them wyth rebellion The answere to the Barons and mouing of open warre agaynst him to the great disquieting of the Realme Also hee layde vnto theyr charge the burning of the Manours houses and places of his nobles and counsaylers and herewith defied them by the same answere He defieth them which was dated at Lewes aforesayd the xij of May. Also the king of Romaines and prince Edwarde sent their defiaunce vnto the Barons the same time in writing vnder their seales for that the Barons in their letter to the king had burthened them and other with misleading the king with vntrue informations and sinister counsaile Thus as they write to and fro such nipping letters all the treatie of peace was forgotten layde asyde so that they prepare to battaile The king had in deede the greater number of armed men but many of them were vnfaythfull Mat. VVâ—… and â—…ared not greatly though the losse fell to his syde and so whilest they go to it without order and enaduisedly they fight at aduenture and continue but faintly Nic. Triâ—… His Captaines made three battailes of theyr armie the fore warde the Lorde Edwarde led The ordeâ—… of the bâ—… and with him William de Valence Erle of Pembroke and Iohn de Warrenne Earle of Surrey and Sussex In the seconde the king of Almaine with his sonne Henrie were chieftains The thirde the king gouerned himselfe Other write otherwise of this battell at Lewes affirming Polidor that not only the Kyng of Romaynes but that also Kyng Henry hymself hauing his horse thrust through on both sides was taken and likewise his sonne Prince Edwarde with other on their side to the number of fiue and twentie Barons and Banerets And that moreouer there dyed on the Kings side that day in the battell and chase a sixe thousande and fyue hundred men as Polidore noteth howbeit Ri. Southwell sayth there dyed on both parties only 3400. But Math. West writeth that as the report wente there dyed a fiue thousande on bothe sides and amoÌ„gst other these he nameth as chiefe William de Wilton one of the Kings Iustices and the Lorde Foulke Fitz Waryne a Baron that tooke the Kings parte On the Barons side the Lord Raufe Heringander a Baron also Mat. VVest Lords taken on the Kings side and William Blunt the Earles Standerthearer Of them that were taken on the Kings syde beside such as before are recited we find these named Humfrey de Bohun Earle of Hereforde William Lord Bardoll Robert Lord of Tateâ—…hale Roger Lord Somery Henry Lord Percy Iohn de Balioll Robert de Bruis and Iohn Comin with other Barons of ScotlaÌ„d hauing lost all their footemen whiche they had broughte with them to the Kings ayde Fabian Nic. Triuet Mat. VVest Moreouer it shoulde appeare by some writers that the King being thus in captiuitie was constreyned to make a new graunt that the statutes of Oxford should stand in force and if any were thought vnreasonable the same shoulde bee reformed by foure noble menne of the Realme of Fraunce two of the spiritualtie and two of the temporaltie And if those foure could not agree then the Earle of Aniou and the Duke of Burgoigne shuld be Iudges in the matter But if either those or the other were appoynted to be arbitrators like it is that the former report touching the successe of the battell
aswell in diuinitie as philosophie and humanitie bothe in verse and prose Also Steephen Langton that for his singuler knowledge was made high chancelor of the Vniuersitie of Paris and at length was admitted archebishop of Canterbury againste the will of Kyng Iohn in whiche quarell so greate trouble ensued as before ye haue partly heard Ralfe Coggeshall also liued in kyng Henryes dayes that wrote the appendix vnto the chronicle of Raufe Niger he was abbot of Coggeshall abbey in Essex wherof he tooke his surname William Lanthonie Peter of saint Sauiour a Chanon of the house called S. Sauior or of the trinitie by London Alexander Hales a frier of the order of the minors who wrote many treatises in diuinitie Richard surnamed Medicus a moste lerned phisition and no lesse expâ—… Philosophie the Maâ—…tals Ther is also remembred by maâ—…ter Bâ—…e the Earle of Chester Randulf the thâ—… and laste of that name who hauing greate knowledge and vnderstanding in the lawes of this lande compiled a booke of the same lawes as a witnesse of his greate skill therin Alexander Wendock Bishop of Chester Iohn Bâ—…e Edmund Riche Robert Riche â–ª Henry Bratton that is excellent lawyer who wrote the booke commonly called Bracton after his name entituled de consuâ—… inibus Anglicanis Richard surnamed Theologus Walter de Euesham Raufe Fresborne Laurence Somerâ—…oâ—… brother as is thought to Roberte Somerâ—…oâ—… at that time a cardinall of the Romaine Churche Nicholas Fernham a phisition Robert Bacon a notable diuine Simon Langton brother to the Archebishoppe of Canterbury Stephen Langton Richarde Fisaker Simon Stokes Iohn of Kent or Kantianus William Shirwoode Michaell Blaunpaine Iohn Godarde Vincent of Couentrye Albeâ—…e Vâ—…er Richarde Wiche Iohn Basing alias de Basing Stoke Roger Waltham Wylliam Seningham Robert Grosted that lerned byshop of Lincolne whose memorie amongst the lerned will remayn whilest the world lasteth Edward the fyrste 1272. An. reg 1. EDVVARDE the firste of that name after the Conquest beganne hys reigne ouer the Realme of of Englande â—…Vil Harison 〈◊〉 his chronoâ—…gie the xvj daye of NoueÌ„ber in the yere of the world 5239. of our Lorde .1272 of the Saxons â—…4 after the conquest 206. the vacation of the Empire after the deceasse of Frederike the the seconde as yet enduring though shortly after in the yere next following Radulf of Habspurge was elected Emperor in the third yeare of Philippe the third as then reigning in Fraunce and Alexander the thirde as yet lyuyng in gouernemente of the Scottishe Kyngdome Thys Edwarde the first when his father dyed beyng aboute the age of .xxxv. yeares olde was as then in the holy lande or rather in his iourney homewards but wheresoeuer he was at that present the nobles of the â—…aÌ„d after his father was departed this life 〈◊〉 VVest â—…vve Seale â—…de assembled at the new TeÌ„ple in London and causing a new scale to be made they ordeyned faithfull ministers and officers which shuld haue the treasure in keeping and the administration of iustice for the mayntenaunce of peace and tranquilitie wythin the lande and on the .xxij. daye of Nouember hee was proclaymed Kyng 〈◊〉 Dunst who after he had remained a time in the holy laÌ„d and perceyued himselfe destitute of suche ayde as hee looked for at the handes bothe of the Christians and Tartarians â—…at VVâ—… he left in the Citie of Acon certayn stipendarie souldiers and taking the sea sailed homewards 1273. arriuing first in Sicill where of Charles Kyng of that lande hee was honorably receiued and conueyed til he came vnto Caâ—…ta Vecchia in Italy where Pope Gregorye as then laye with his Courte of whome as of his olde friende that had bene wyth hym in the holy land he obteined that Erle Aldebrandino Roffo and Guy of Mountfort that had murthered the Lord Henry eldest sonne to Richarde Kyng of Almain might be sent for Earle Aldebrandino purged hymselfe â—…y de Montâ—… excoâ—…e but Guye de Mountfort was excommunicate as a violatour of the churche a murderer and a Traytour so as he was disenherited turn vnto the fourth generation til he had reconciled hymselfe to the church After this it is wonderfull to remember with what great honor kyng Edward was receyued of the Cities as he passed throughe the countreys of Tuskayne and Luâ—…ldy At his comming ouer the mountains at Ehâ—…n in Burgundy he was at a Iustes and tourny which then was there holden by the french men against the Englishmen the honor wherof remained with the Englishmen In this Torney the fight of the footmen was greate for the Englishemenne beeyng sore prouoked slewe manye of the Frenche footemenne but bycause they were but raskalles no greate accompte was made of them for they were vnarmed gaping for the spoyle of them that were ouerthrowen King Edward passing foorth came to the Frenche court where of his cousin germayn king Phillippe he was ioyfully receyued Here King Edwarde doing homage to the Frenche Kyng for the landes whiche he ought to holde of hym in Fraunce passed into Guyenne An. Reg. 2. Mat. VVest A disme graunted to the king and his brother A Tenthe of of the Clergye was graunted this yeare to the Kyng and to his brother Edmund Erle of Leycester and Lancaster by the Popes appointment for two yeares a chaplein of the Pope a Eascoin borne named Reymond being sent into EnglaÌ„d for that purpose who gaue parte vnto them and parte thereof he kept to himselfe 1274 towardes hys charges but the moste parte was reserued to the Popes disposing Whilest the Kyng remained in Gascoigne he had somewhat to doe againste certaine rebelles as Gaston de Bierne and other that were reuolted from hym The Castelles belongyng to the saide Gaston he subdued but his person he coulde not meete with Finally after he had set order in things aswell in Guyenne as in other places in the partes of beyonde the seas he hasted homewards Nic. Triuet K. Edvvard his returne home and came to London the seconde daye of August where he was receyued wyth all ioye that might be deuised The streetes were hanged wyth riche cloths of silke arras and tapestrie Mat. VVest the Aldermen and Burgesses of the citie threwe out of theyr wyndows handfulles of golde and siluer to signifye the greate gladnesse which they had conceyued of his safe returne the Cundits ran plentifully wyth white wine red that eche treature myght drink his fill Vpon the xix day of Auguste in this seconde yeare of hys raygne he was crowned at Westminster togyther with his wife Quene Elianor by the hands of Robert Kilwarby Archbishop of Canterbury At this coronation were present Alexander Kyng of Scottes and Iohn Earle of Britayn with their wiues that were sisters to Kyng Edward The Kyng of Scots did homage vnto Kyng Edward for the Realme of Scotlande in like maner as other the kyngs of Scotlande before hym had done to other Kyngs of England auncetours to this Kyng
returned out of Gascoigne The Lorde Tiptost setting vpon them tooke them with little a doe and sleaing neare hand the thirde part of all the Mariners sent the ships into England â—…rd earle â—…ancaster 〈◊〉 to the â—…ch king In the meane time K. Edwarde sendeth his brother Edmond Erle of Lancaster to be his attorney to make answere for him before all such Iudges as might haue hearing of the matter but the Iudges meaning nothing lesse thaÌ„ to trie out the truth of the cause admit no reasons that the Erle could allege in his brothers behalf so pronounce K. Edward a rebel decree by arest â—…ng Edward â—…emned in 〈◊〉 French â—…gs Court that he had forfeyted all his right vnto the Duchie of Guienne These things thus done he sendeth priuy messengers vnto Burdeaux to procure the citizens to reuolt froÌ„ the Englishmen â—…old de â—…le sent inâ—… Gascoigne 〈◊〉 an army appointed the Conestable of France the L. Arnold de Neall to follow with an army who coÌ„ming thither easily brought theÌ„ of Burdeaux vnder the French dominion being alredy minded to reuolt through practise of those that were lately before sent vnto them from the French king for that purpose After this the said Conestable brought the people neare adioyning vnder subiection partly moued by the example of the chiefe and head Citie of all the Countrey and partly enduced thervnto by bribes and large giftes The English men that were in the Countrey after they perceiued that the people did thus reuolt to the French king withdrew incoÌ„tinently vnto the townes situate neare to the sea side but especially they fled to a towne called the Rioll which they fortifie with all speed Thus sayth Polidor 〈◊〉 Triuet Nicholas Triuet writing hereof declareth the beginning of this warre to be on this maner The English Marchants being diuersly vexed vpon the seas made coÌ„plaint to the K. for losse of their marchandice â—…ie eare of â—…olne The king sent the Erle of Lincoln Henrie Lacie vnto the French king instantly requiring that by his assent there might some way be prouided with speed by them and their counsel for some competent remedie touching such harmes and losses by sea as his people had susteined In the meane time whilest the Earle tarieth for answere a nauie of the parties of Normandy coÌ„teyning two C. ships and aboue being assembled togither that they might the more boldly assayle their enimies and the more valiantly resist suche as should encounter them sailed into Gascoigne determining to destroy all those of their aduersaries that should come in their way But as these Norman ships returned back with wines glorying as it were that they had got y e rule of the sea onely to themselues they were assayled by .lx. English ships which toke them and brought theÌ„ into EnglaÌ„d the Fryday before Whitsunday all the men were eyther drowned or slaine those only excepted which made shift to escape by boates The newes hereof being brought into France did not so much moue the K. the counsel to wonder at the matter as to take therof great indignation The king of England hearing this message The Bishop of London sent with an answer vnto the french king tooke therein deliberation to answere and then sent the Bishop of London accompanied wyth other wise and discreete persons into Fraunce to declare for aunswere vnto the French King and his Counsayle as followeth that is Where as the King of Englande hath his regall Courte without subiection to any man if there were therefore anye persones that founde themselues hurt or endomaged by hys people they myght come to hys Court and vppon declaration of theyr receyued iniuries they shoulde haue speedie iustice and to the ende they might thus do without all daunger whosoeuer mynded to complayne hee woulde giue vnto them a safeconducte to come and goe in safetye through hys lande But if this way pleased not the Frenche King then he was contented that there shoulde bee Arbitratours chosen on bothe sydes the whiche weighing the losses on bothe partyes might prouide howe to satisfie the complaynts and the King of Englande woulde for hys parte enter into bondes by obligation to stande to and abyde theyr order and iudgement herein so that the French king would likewise be bound for his part and if any such doubt fortuned to arise which could not be decyded by the sayde arbitrators let the same be reserued vnto the kings themselues to diseasse and determine and the king of Englande vpon a sufficient safeconduct had woulde come ouer to the Frenche King if he woulde come downe vnto any haâ—…n towne neare to the Sea coast that by mutuall assent an ende might be had in the businesse but if neither this waye shoulde please the Frenche king nor the other then let the matter bee committed to the order of the Pope to whom it apperteyned to nourish concorde among Christian Princes of bycause the Sea was as then voyde â–ª let the whole Colledge of Cardinals or part of them take order therin as should be thought necessarie that strife and discord being taken away and remoued peace might again flourish betwixt them and their people as before time it had done The French counsaile weyed nothing at all these offers would not so much as once vouchsafe to giue an answere vnto the English Ambassadors earnestly requiring the same Finally the French king sent vnto the Citie of Aniou which is knowne to belong vnto the Duchie of Guienne The king of England cited to appeare where he there caused the king of England to be cited to make his appearance at Paris at a certaine day to answere to the iniuries and rebellions by him done in the Countrey of Gascoigne at the which day when he appeared not the French king fitting in the seate of iudgement in hys owne proper person Sentence geueÌ„ against the king of Englande gaue sentence there agaynst the king of Englande for making default and withall commaunded the high Conestable of Fraunce to cease into his handes all the Duchie of Guienne and eyther take or expulse al the king of Englandes officers souldiours and deputies which were by him placed within the sayde Duchie The king a little before had sent thither a valiant knight named the Lord Iohn Saint Iohn which had furnished all the Cities townes Castels and places with men munition and vyttayles for defence of the same An. Reg. 22. In the meane time the king of Englande desirous to be at quiet with the French men appoynted his brother Edmunde Earle of Lancaster as then soiourning in France to go vnto the Frenche kings counsaile to procure some agreement which both might be allowed of the French king and not bee dishonourable vnto him But when the Erle could not preuaile in his sute hee tooke his iourney towardes Englande vtterlye dispayring to procure any peace But eâ—…e be came to the sea side 1294 he was
sent for backe againe by the two Queenes of Fraunce Ioan wife to King Philip and Marie his mother in lawe whiche promised to frame some accorde betwene the 〈◊〉 kings so therevpon after diuerse comâ—…ons by them had in the matter with the said 〈◊〉 of Lancaster at length it was accorded that for the sauing of the French kings honour which seemed to bee touched by things done by the king of Englandes ministers in Gascoigne The 〈◊〉 thâ—… 〈◊〉 sixe Castels shoulde remaine at the sayde kings pleasant as Sanctes Talemonde Turnim Pomorall Penne and Mount Flaunton Also there should be let a seruant or sergeant in the Frenche kings name in euerie Citie and Castell within all the whole Duchie of Guienne except Bâ—…rdeâ—… Bayon the Rioll And further hostages should be deliuered at the French kings pleasure of all ministers to be placed by the king of England in Gascoigne and other places throughe all the Countrey These things done the French king shoulde reuoke the summonance published and pronounced in the Court of Paris agaynst the king of England Also he should restore all the Castels his seruants being remoued which he had placed in the same togither with the pledges incontineÌ„tly at the request of the same Queenes or of either of them The king of Englande hauing a safe conduct should come to Aâ—…iens that there meeting with the French king peace and â—…ie might be confirmed betwixt them Then â—…re there writings made and engrossed touching the foresayd Articles of agreement one part deliuered to the erle sealed with the seales of the Queenes and other remayned with the foresayd Queenes sealed with the seale of the Earle The k. of EnglaÌ„d certified hereof Lâ—… 〈◊〉 sent his letters patents directed vnto all his officers ministers in Gascoigne commaunding them to obey in all things the French kings pleasure These letters patents were first sent vnto the Erle of LaÌ„caster that he might cause theÌ„ to be conueyd into Gascoigne when he should see time The Earle hauing receyued those letters doubting whether the French king would obserue the agreement which the Queenes had made concluded or not he required of theÌ„ that he might heate the French K. speake the worde that he would stande vnto that which they had concluded Whervpon in the presence of the said Erle his wife Blanch Queene of Nauaâ—…re mother to the French Queene also of the duke of Burgoigne Hugh Veâ—…on to the Erle of Oxford of a Chaplain cleped sir Iohn Lacie the French king promised in the fayth of a Prince that he would fulfill the promises of the said Queenes and the couenants by them accorded Shortly herevpon was sent into Gascoigne a knight of the Erles of Lancaster called sir Geffrey de Langley with letters from the French K. directed to the Conestable Sir Gâ—… Laâ—… to call him back again from his appoynted enterprise And the foresayd Chaplaine sir Iohn Lacy was sent also thither with the letters patents of the king of England directed vnto his officers there in forme as is aboue mentioned wherevpon the Lorde Iohn Saint Iohn the king of Englands lieutenant in Gascoigne vnderstanding the conclusions of the agreemeÌ„t sold all such prouisions as he had made and brought into the Cities townes and fortresses for the defence of the same and departing out of Gascoigne came towardes Paris to returne that way into England But beholde what followed The Frenche â—…ings minde â—…aunged sodainly by the enimie of peace was the French kings minde quite chaunged And where the king of England was come vnto Canterburie and kept there his Easter that immediately vpon the receyt of the safeconduct he might transport ouer the seas and so come to Amiens according to the appointment made by the agreement â—…s vniest â—…ing now not only the safeconduct was denied but also the first letters reuocatorie sent vnto the Conestable to call him backe by other letters sent after were also made voyde and he by the latter letters appoynted to keepe vpoÌ„ his iourney so that y e Conestable entring into Gascoine with a power found no resistance the Captains officers submitting themselues with the townes fortresses at his pleasure according to the tenor of the letters patents lately to them deliuered All the officers and captains of the fortresses were brought to Paris as captiues and pledges Within a few dayes after the Erle of Lancaster required the Queenes that they would ' cal vpon the king to grant his safeconduct for the K. of EnglaÌ„d to reuoke the citatioÌ„ or summonaÌ„ce to restore the lands taken from him and to delyuer the pledges 〈◊〉 French K. â—…unceth â—…t he had â—…e but the French king by the mouthes of certain knights sent vnto the Erle renouÌ„ced al such couenants as before had bin coÌ„cluded The Earle of Lancaster then perceyuing that both he and his brother king Edward were mocked thus at the French kings hands returned into Englande and informeth the king and hys counsaile from poynt to poynt of all the matter Herevpon a Parliament being called at Westminster at the which the king of Scotlande was present it was decreed by the estates that those landes which were craftily taken so from the king should be recouered againe by the sworde And the king herewith sent vnto the French King a Frier Preacher named Hugh of Manchester â—…h of Manâ—…er a Frier â—…to the â—…ch king and a Frier Minor called William de Gaynesbourgh both being wise and discreete men and Doctours of Diuinitâ—… to declare vnto him that sithe he woulde not obserue suche agreements as had beene concluded betwixt their ancesters and further had broken such couenantes as were now of late agreed vpon betwixt theÌ„ by the trauaile of hys brother Edmonde Earle of Lancaster The king of England renounceth the French king there was no cause why hee ought to accounte hym being King of Englande and Duke of Guien as hys liegeman neyther did he intende further to bee bounde vnto hym by reason of hys homage About the same time did the King of Englande sende the Archebishop of Dubline Ambassadorâ—… sent into Germanâ—…e and the Bishop of Dutesme into Germanie aboute the concluding of a league with Adolph King of Romaines to whom was giuen a great summe of mony as was sayd vpon couenantes that he shoulde ayde the king of Englande agaynst the French king with all his maine force that neyther of them should conclude peace with the sayd French king without consent of the other About the Ascention tide Wolles stayed Fabian king Edward stayed the woolles of this lande aswell belonging to spirituall men as temporall men till the marchants had fined with him for the same A subsidie raysed of woolles so that there was a subsidie payed for all surpliers of wool that went out of the realme and in semblable wife for felles and hydes He also sent an army by sea into Gascoigne A
forraine coine to bee receyued and payde as steeling mony wythin his dominion commaunding by the same proclamation that two peeces of them shuld go for one sterlyng vntill the feast of Easter There were diuers moneyes in those dayes currant wythin this realme as Pollardes Crocards Staldinges Egles Leonines Sleepinges and all these were white monyes artificially made of siluer copper and sulphur so that it was an y◅ tyme for base moneyes and muche choppyng and chaunging was vsed in buying and selling of thynges At Easter following the King vtterlye forbad that any of those moneyes shoulde be currant at all Forreyne moneys forbidden to go as currāt and helde his exchaunge in sundry places and to be rydde of them men gaue fiue or sixe of them for one sterling not caring for them bycause of theyr basenesse and yet wythin one yeare after that men had learned the skill by proofe howe to trie the mettall with melted leade in the fire they founde that twoo peeces of those base moneys were in valewe worthe one sterling and many became riche by the exchange whiche had boughte good store of them when they were so smally esteemed but the Kyng caused enquirie to be made of them that vsed suche exchaunge wythout his licence and put them to theyr fines At a Parliament holden at London in lent this yeare the Kyng renued the confirmation of the charters and made certain new statutes concerning fines and Gaole deliueries very profitable to the common wealth Aboute the feaste of Sainct Iohn Baptist Abyngdon The king goth vvith an armye into Scotlande Kyng Edwarde went wyth an armye into Scotlande and there graunted a truce to the Scots that inhabited the mountaine countryes to endure for eleuen Moneths that is to wit till Whitsontide nexte ensuing As the Kyng was vppon hys iourney forewardes in the Northe partes hys late married wyfe Quene Margaret was deliuered of hys first sonne at Brotherton Thomas of Brotherton borne the firste of Iune a place in Yorkshire not farre from Pontfret he was named Thomas and tooke the surname of Brotherton of the place where he was borne Moreouer Pope Boniface at the sute of the Scottes wrote his letters vnto kyng Edward commaunding hym by the same and by the Archebishoppe of Canterbury whome hee appoynted to delyuer the same letters by other letters to hym directed that he should not only release and set at libertie all suche Scottes as he had in prison but also giue ouer his warres which he made against the realm of Scotlande and if he ment to make any claime to the same then to send his procurators vnto the court of Rome and there to shewe what euidence hee coulde for hys righte thereto where the matter as he mainteined was to be heard decided and iudged and not else where The Archebyshoppe according to the Popes commaundement did the message and presented the Popes letters vnto the King who deferred the answer vnto the assemblie of the estates in parliament and hereof the Archebishop aduertised the Pope accordingly as in the letters to hym directed hee was commaunded Euersden This yeare also on Sainct Remigius day whiche is the firste of October dyed Edmunde Earle of Cornewall the sonne of Earle Rycharde that was also Kyng of Almayne and bycause he left no issue behynde him to inherite that Erledom the same returned to the crown An. reg 29. Mat. VVest Croxden In the xxix yere of king Edwards raigne on Sainct Oswaldes daye or as some haue written the Fryday after the feast of Peter ad vincula his wyfe Queene Margaret was deliuered of hir seconde sonne 1301. that had to name Edmunde of Woodstocke surnamed so of the place where hee was borne The Kyng also this yere after Christmasse helde a Parliament at Lincolne to the whiche the Earles and Barons of the realme came in armour to the end as it is saide that they myghte procure of the Kyng the more speedye execution of the charter of Forrestes whiche by hym had hitherto bene delaied but nowe that hee perceiued theyr earnestnesse and importunate suite hee condiscended to their willes in all thynges Pope Boniface inhibiteth the king of Englād further to vexe the Scottes Pope Boniface beeyng solicited by the instant suite of the Scottishemen and offended also that the landes in Englande whiche beelonged vnto Edwarde Bailloll the sonne of Iohn Baillol were not to the same Edwarde restored hee eftsoones wrote to Kyng Edward forbidding hym from thence foorthe any further to vexe the Scottes by warres bycause that the kingdome of Scotlande was surrendred alreadye into hys handes by the generall consent of the Scottishemen themselues and therefore was it in hys power to bestowe and take awaye the same to whome or from whome soeuer it shoulde please hym N. Triuet There were reasons alledged why the King of Englande seemed to doe wrong in chalenging as then the kingdome of Scotlande and amongest other one was that suche homage as had bene done of auncient time to the Kings of Englande by the Kynges of the Scottes was onely meant for Tyndale Penreth and suche other landes as the Scottishe Kynges helde within England and not for the Realme of Scotlande And whereas the Kyngs of Scotlande had aided the Kyngs of Englande in theyr watres againste the Rebells of theyr Realme of Englande and bene present at theyr coronation the same was done of speciall fauour and not of dutie Kyng Edwarde hauyng receyued the Popes prescript and well considered the whole contentes thereof sent in writing his answere so at large prouing by euident reasons that the right of propretie of the kingdome of Scotlande did moste iustly apperteyne vnto hym and that the allegations were not true but forged whiche had bene by surmised information presented againste hym Beside the kyngs letters whiche hee wrote in his owne behalfe there was an other letter deuised and written by all the Lordes temporall of the lande assembled in parliament at Lincolne in which letter they aunswered in name of all the estates there gathered vnto that pointe wherein the Pope pretended a right to be iudge for the title of the Realme of Scotlande protesting flatly that they would not consent that theyr Kyng shuld doe any thyng that might tende to the disenheriting of the ryght of the crowne of Englande and plaine ouerthrow of the state of the same realme and also hurt of the liberties customs and lawes of theyr fathers sith it was neuer known that the kings of this land had answered or ought to answere for theyr rights in the same Realme afore any iudge Ecclesiasticall or secular The Tenour of whiche letter beginneth thus TO our most holy father in Christe Boniface by gods prouidence high Byshoppe of the holye Romaine and Vniuersall Churche his deuoute sons Iohn Earle Warren Thomas Erle of Lancaster Rafe de Monthermer Earle of Gloucester and Hertforde Humfrey de Bohun Earle of Hereford and Essex and Connestable of England
mentioned betwixt the King of Englande and Fraunce at the sute of the Pope so that K. Edwarde shoulde haue resigned hys title and clayme to the Crowne of Fraunce and y e FreÌ„ch King should haue giuen ouer vnto him y e whole Duchie of Guyenne to holde the same freely without knowledging of resort or superioritie or doing any manner of homage for the same but suche delayes were made and the sute so prolonged by the Pope that the Earle of Derby whiche with others were sente to him aboute thys matter returned withoute speede of his purpose for the whych he went The same yeare in October an Englishe archer of the gaâ—…ison of Caleis named Iohn of Dancaster by licence of the Lord deputie of Caleis tooke with him threescore persons menne of armes and archers and in the nighte that goeth before the feast day of Saint Vincent in the last quarter of the same nighte hee commyng to the Castell of Guynes founde as well the watch as other fast a sleepe wherevpon hee passed a water that adioyned to the Castell wading vp to the girdell and so came to the wall where he and hys company rearing vp ladders mounted by y e same so secretely that slaying the watche beeing not past three or four persons that were on y e walles they entred the Castell The Castell of Guynes wonne and finding the Frenchmen a sleepe sleWe those that vppon their wakening made anye defence and tooke the residue whome they suffered to departe and by thys meanes they wanne the Castell finding greate store of vittayles within and so as they founde it they kepte it to the Kyng of Englande vse The French histories declare that one GuilliaÌ„ de Beauconroy that was Captayne of this Castell betrayed y e place to y e englishmeÌ„ for a suÌ„me of money and when the Frenche King required restitution â—…lidor bycause the truce was not yet expired he was shifted off with this forged answer y e nothing was excepted by the assurance of the truce concerning things that shoulde be bought and solde The Frenchman that betrayed it was shortly after put to execution at Amiens â—…otes and â—…e grotes â—…st coigned In this yeare were the first peeces of siluer called groates and halfe groates of foure pence and two pence the peece stamped by the Kinges appoyntment through the counsell of William de Edington Byshop of Winchester Lorde Treasorer Before that time there were no other coignes but the Noble halfe noble and quarter noble with the peeces of siluer called sterlings Bycause these newe peeces wanted of the weight of the olde sterling coigne the prices as well of vittayles as of other wares did dayly rise and seruauntes and workemen waxing more craftie than beforetime they had bin demaunded greater wages This yeare 1352 An. reg 26. vpon the euen of the Assumption of our Lady Sir Iohn Bentley Knight as theÌ„ Lord warden of Britaigne fought with the L. Guy de Nealle Marshall of Fraunce lately ransomed out of captiuitie in the parties of Britaine neere to a place called Movron Movron betwixte Rennes and Pluremell where the sayd Marshal was slayne togither with the Lorde of Briquebeke the Chateline of Beauvais and dyuers other both Britons and Frenchmen 135â—… An. reg 27. â—…ho VVals 〈◊〉 the printed â—…ooke of staâ—…tes it should â—…peare that â—…is ParliameÌ„t â—…s rather â—…olden in the â—…5 yeare of â—…his Kings â—…oigne In the seuen and twentith yeare of his raigne King Edwarde helde a Parliamente at Westminster after the feast of Easter in which an ordinance was deuised what wages seruauntes and labourers should be allowed prohibiting theÌ„ to receyue aboue the rate whiche they were accustomed to take before the yeare of the great mortalitie Seruantes and labourers were in deede growen to bee more subtill than before time they had bin but by reason that the prices of thinges were enhaunced it is like they demaunded greater wages than they hadde done before time and one cause of the dearth was imputed to the newe coigne of money beeing of lesse weight in the alley thereof than before it had bin so that the Bishoppe of Winchester being Lord Treasorer who hadde counselled the king to ordeine those groates and halfe groates was euill spoken of amongest the people In this Parliament there were statutes also made â—…tatutes for â—…aking of â—…othes that clothes should in length and breadth through the Realme beare the same assise as was ordeined in the ParliameÌ„t holden at Northampton Also that all weares milles Weares and â—…illes and other lettes should be remoued forth of riuers that might be any hinderance for ships botes or lighters to passe vp and down the same But these good ordinaunces tooke little or none effect by reason of bribes that walked abroad and friendshippe of Lordes and greate men that sought rather their owne commodities than the common wealthes Shortely after the feaste of Pentecoste Creations of noble men the Earle of Derbie and Lancaster was made Duke of Lancaster and Raufe Lord Stafforde was created Earle of Stafforde Whereas there had bin a treatie betwixte the lordes of Britaine and the king of Englande not onely for the deliueraunce of the lorde Charles of Bloys The Lorde Charles of Blois but also for the matching of his eldest sonne in marriage with one of king Edwards daughters and so to enioy the Dukedome in peace This matter was so farre forewardes that in the yeare last passed the said lorde Charles leauing two of his sonnes and a daughter in pledge for the paymeÌ„t of .xl. M. florens agreed vpon for his raunsome hee was permitted to retourne into Britaine to prouide that money and withall to procure a dispensation that his eldest sonne might marrie with one of king Edwards daughters notwithstanding that otherwise they were within the degrees of coÌ„sanguinitie prohibiting them to marrie Heerevppon this yeare about Michaelmas hee retourned into Englande with the same dispensation but bycause aboute the same time the Britons had taken by stelth an Ilande wyth a Castell therein that the Englishmen had kepte and put all those whiche they founde therein to the sworde the saide Lorde Charles otherwise Duke of Britaine lost the Kings fauour so that he woulde heare no more of any suche aliance by way of marriage as had bin coÌ„muned of before by reason wherof the Brittish lords that were in great number come ouer with the lorde Charles de Blois were coÌ„streined to returne home without atchieuing any part of their purpose leauing the saide lorde Charles and his children behinde them still here in Englande Debate betwixt the Dukes of Brunswike Lancaster The fourth daye of September the Duke of Brunswicke and the Duke of Lancaster should haue fought a combate in Paris about certayne wordes that the Duke of Lancaster shoulde speake in derogatioÌ„ of the Duke of Brunswikes honor for the which the sayd Duke had appealed him in the Court of Fraunce but when
of armes and archers a greater number than in Parliamente was firste to hym assigned hee sette from Plimmouth on the daye of the natiuitie of oure Lady They were in all three hundred sayle and finding the winde prosperous they passed ouer into Gascoigne where of the Gascoignes they were ioyfully receyued In August the Englishmen that were in Britaine warring agaynste the Frenchmenne that tooke parte with the Lorde Charles de Bloys slewe many of them and tooke the Lorde of Beaumanor the vicount of Roan and dyuers other This yeare also aboute Michaelmas the King hauing sommoned an army to be ready at Sandwich passed ouer to Caleis with the same There wente ouer with him his two sonnes Lionell of Andwerp Earle of Vlster and Iohn of Gant Earle of Richmont He found at Caleis a thousand men of armes that came to serue hym for wages forthe of Flaunders Brabant and Almaigne so that hee had about three thousand men of armes and two thousand archers on horsebacke beside archers on foote in great number â—…e Citie of â—…don The Citie of London had sente to hym fiue and twentie men of armes and fiue hundred archers all in one sute or liuerti at their owne costes and charges The second of Nouember he set from Caleis marching foorthe towardes Saint Omers wasting the Countrey by the way as he passed The Frenche Kyng beeyng the same tyme within the Towne of Sainte Omers â—…e king inâ—…eth France â—…e lord Bouâ—…t sente the Lord Bousicant vnto the Kyng of Englande that vnder colour of communication hee might viewe the Kyngs power who made such reporte thereof vppon hys returne backe to the Frenche Kyng that he determined not to fighte with the King of Englande but rather to passe before hym and so to destroy vittayles that for wantâ—… thereof the Kyng of Englande shoulde hee constreyned to returne And as he determined so it came to passe for the vittayles were so cutte off that the Englishmenne for three dayes togither dranke nothing but water â—…oissart â—…e Kyng for â—…t of victuâ—… returneth When therefore Kyng Edwarde had followed his enimies so farre as Heyden where hee brake the Parke and brents the houses within and about the Parke although he entred not into the Towne nor Castell at length for defence of vitrayles he returned backe and came agayâ—… to Caleis on Saint Martins day Auesburie being the teÌ„th after his setting foorth from thence The morrow after beeing Thursday and the twelfth of Nouember 〈◊〉 CoÌ„nestable of FraÌ„ce â—…e Conestaâ—… of France â—…mmandeth â—…tayle and other Frenchmenâ—… came to the ende of the caulsey of Caleis with letters of credeneâ—… offering battaile the twesday nexte following vnto the King of Englande in presence of the Duke of Lancaster the Earles of Northampton and the Lord Walter de Manne who in the Kings behalfe declared to the Câ—…nnestable that the King of Englande â—…e answere â—…de to him to eschew shedding of bloud woulde fight with the French King body to body so to â—…ie their right and if he liked not of that matche then if hee woulde choose three or foure Knightes to him that were neerest to hym is bloud hee shoulde choose the like number but when this offer would not be accepted the English Lordes offered battell the next day beeyng Fridaye or else on Saterday following at the Frenchemennes choyce but the Connestable of Fraunce and his company continuing on theyr first oâ—…r refused both those dayes Then the Englishe Lordes accepted the days by â—…hâ—…th assigned with condition that if they be ougthe not King Edwarde to giue that â—…yle that daye they woulde 〈…〉 prisoners so that the Frenchmenne woulde â—…wise vndertake for theyr Kâ—…ng The Contestable 〈◊〉 no aunswere ready stayed a â—…hile and after flatly refused to make any such couenaunt Finally when the English Lordes perceyued there aduersaries not to â—…e battayle as theyr wordes of the first pretended they brake ast and both parties returned home The King of Englande stayed till the twesday and payd the straungers their wages and so came backe into England The sixth of Nouembre whilest the Kyng was thus abroade in Picardy Berwike taken by Scottes the Scottes very earely in the morning of that daye came priuily to Berwike entred by fleâ—… into the towne and sâ—…eaing there or foure Englishmenne tooke it with all the goodes and persons within it those excepted which got to the Castell In a Parliamente summoned this yeare A parliament the Monday after the feast of Saint Edmonde the King the Lords and commons graunted to K. Edward 50. ss of euery sacke of woolle that shuld be carried ouer the sea for the space of sixe yeares next ensuing By this grant it was thoughte y e the K. might dispeÌ„d a M. markes sterling a day such went of woolles had the English merchants in that season The Parliament being ended the K. about S. Andrews tide set forward towards Scotland held his Christmas at new Castell About which time by letters seat froÌ„ y e Prince y e K. was aduertised of his proceedings after hys arriuall in Gascoigne wher being ioyfully receiued of the nobles other y e people of that couÌ„trey as before ye haue heard he declared to them the cause of his thither coÌ„ming tooke aduice with them how to proceede in his businesse and so about y e truth of October he set forward to passe against his enimies first entring into a countrey called Iuliake which to get her with the fortresses The procedinges of the prince of Wales in Aquitayne yeelded whom witholde any great resistaÌ„ce TheÌ„ he rode through y e countrie Armignac wasting spoiling the countrey and so passed through the landes of the vieountes de la Riuiere and after entred into the countie de l Eseraâ—… and passing through y e some came into the countie of Commyges finding the Towne of Saint Matan voyde being a good towne and one of the best in that countrey After this he passed by the lande of the Earle of â—…le till hee came within a league of Tholouse where the Earle of Armignac beeyng the French Kings Lieutenaunt in those parties and other great Lords and nobles were asseÌ„bled The Prince with his army carried there a two dayes and after passed ouer riuer of Garonne after ouer an other riuer thereaboutes a league aboue Tholouse lodging that nighte a league on the other side of Tholon seâ—… and so they passed through Tholouzaine taking daylye Townes and Castels wherein they found great riches for the countrey was very plentifull Vpon Alhallowen euen they came to Castell Naudarie and from thence they tooke the way to Carcasson Carcasson into the whiche a greate number of men of armes and commons were withdrawen But vpon the approch of the Englishmen they slipt away and got them to a strong Castell that stoode neere at hand The thirde daye after the Englishmen brente the Towne and passing foorth
deuyse to the Kyng and where hee perceyued by hys cheere and countenaunce that hys heart was full of pensiue griefe carefull thought and heauynesse he comforted hym in the beste maner that hee myght and sayd to him Moste noble King there is no cause wherefore your grace shoulde be pensiue The Prince cheereth the French king though God this daye didde not consente to followe youre will For your noble prowes and dignitie royall wyth the supreme type of youre Kyngly Maiestye remayneth whole and inuiolate and whatsoeuer maye rightly bee called yours so that no violente force of time shall blotte out or diminishe the same Paulus Aâ—…milius the Almightie God hath determined that the chaunce of warre shall rest in his disposition and will as all other things Your elders haue atchieued bothe by lande and sea many noble enterprices The whole compasse of Europe al the East parts of the world all places and countreys bothe farre and neare are full of monumentes witnessing the noble victories attained by the Frenche people The cause of godlie liuing and religion the dignity and preheminence of Christianitie hathe bene defended and augmented by you againste the moste mightie and puissaunt capitaines of the infidels enemies to the said Christian religion All ages shall make mention of your worthie praises no nation there is but shall confesse it selfe bounden at one time or other for benefites receiued at your handes neyther is there any people but suche as hope to be hereafter bounden to you for reliefe and benefites to proceede from you in time to come one or twoo batails haplye haue chaunced amongest so many triumphs otherwise than you wold haue wished Chaunce woulde it shoulde be so whiche maye enfeeble and make weake the power of horses armor and weapon your inuincible courage and royall magnanimitie lyeth in your power to reteyne neyther shall this day take any thing from you or yours And this realme of Fraunce whiche hathe procreate and brought foorth norished so many of my noble progenitors shall perceyue my good meanyng towardes hir and not forgetfull of myne elders and towarde your maiestie if you will vouchsafe that I shoulde glorye of that name a most humble kinsman There are manye occasions of loue and freendshippe betwixte you and my father whiche I truste shall take place for I knowe all his thoughtes and inwarde meanings you shall agree and come to an attonement right easily togither and I pray God he neuer take me for his sonne except I haue you in the same degree of honour reuerence and faithfull loue whiche I owe towardes hym The king as reason wold acknowleged this to proceede of great curteste The Frenche King thanketh the Prince shewed towardes him in the prince and thanked him accordingly And the Prince performing in deede that whiche hee spake with worde ceased from further vsing of fire or other endomaging of the Frenche dominions taking his way through the countreys of Poictow and Xaintonge by easie iourneys The prince returneth to Berdeaux Froissart he and his people came to Blay and so passed ouer the water to Burdeaux in good safetie with all their riches and prisoners The Prince gaue to the lorde Iames Audeley who hadde receiued in the battaile many sore woundes v. C. The lord Audley revvarded markes of yearely reuenues assigned foorth of his landes in Englande the whiche gifte the knight graunted as freelye as he hadde receiued it vnto foure of his Esquiers whyche in the battaile hadde bene euer attendaunt aboute his person without whose ayde and valiant support he knewe well that he had bene slaine sundrie times in the same battaile by his enimies When the Prince hearde that he hadde so done hee marueiled what his meaning was therby and caused him to be brought beefore his presence and demaunded of hym wherefore he hadde so lightlie giuen away that rewarde whiche hee had bestowed vpon hym and whether hee thought that gifte to meane for him or not The Lorde Audeley so excused himselfe in extosting the good seruice done to him by his Esquiers throughe whome he hadde so many times escaped the daungers of deathe that the Prince did not onelie confirme the resignation of the fiue hundred marks giuen to the esquiers but also rewarded the lord Audley wyth vj. C. markes more of like yearely reuenues in maner and forme as her had receiued the other When the newes of this greate victorie came into Englande of the ouerthrowe of the Frenchemen and taking of the Frenche king yee may bee sure there was greate ioy shewed by outwarde tokens as bonfiers made Bonfiers feastes and banquets kept throughe the whole realme likewise the Gascoignes and englishemen beeing come to Burdeaux made greate reuell and pastime there spending freely that gold siluer which they had won in the battell of Poictiers and else where in that iourney This yeare in Aprill the Prince of Wales tooke shipping with his prisoners at Burdeaux and the fifthe of Maye arriued at Plimmouth 1357 An. reg 32. The foure and twentieth day of May bee was with greate honour ioyfully receiued of the citizens into the citie of London Ad. to Merimouth The prince bringeth the Frenche King ouer into Englande and so conueyed to the pallace of Westminster where the Kyng sitting in Westminster hall receyued the Frenche king and after conueyed hym to a lodging appointed for him where he laye a season but after hee was remoued to the Savoy whiche was at that time a goodly house apperteining to the Duke of Lancaster though afterwardes it was brent and destroyed by Wat Tyler and Iacke Strawe and theyr companie In this place the Frenche Kyng laye and kept house a long time after In the Winter followyng were royall Iustes holden in Smithfielde at the whiche were presente the Kings of England A Iustes holden Smithfielde Fraunce and Scotland with many greate estates of all their three kingdomes of the whiche the more parte of the straungers were as then prisoners It was reported that the French kyng could nor so dissemble nor cloke his inwarde thought but that there appeared some tokens of griefe in his countenaunce whilest hee behelde these warlike pastimes and when the king of Englande The Frenche King fâ—…vvfull and his sonne Prince Edwarde with comfortable wordes required hym after supper to put all pensiue cares out of his fantasie and to bee merrie and sing as other did he shoulde make this aunswere with a smyling countenaunce Quomodo cantabimus canticum in terra alienae Tho. VVals Frâ—…rt Aboute the same time there came ouer into Englande twoo Cardinalles the one called Talirande beyng bishoppe of Alba and commonly named the Cardinall of Pierregort Caâ—…a 〈◊〉 Englands and the other hight Nicholas intitled Cardinall of Saint Vitale or as Frossart hath of Dargell they were sente from Pope Innocent the sixte to entreate for a peace betwixte the Kinges of Englande and Fraunce but they coulde not
and ther talked with him of suche matters as they had to conclude betwixt them two But for that the K. of Nauarre could not assure the king of such couenants as should haue passed betwixt them two Polidor it was not thought meete by the kings counsayle to worke to farre vpon his bare worde that had before time shewed apparaunt proufes of his inconstant dealing And surely this doubt rose not wythout cause The king of Nauarres conâ—…tancie suspected Froissart as his doings shortly after declared for although he seemed nowe at thys present to be a very enimie to the French King yet shortly after hee was reconciled to him agayne and became his great friend for the time it lasted 1371 An. reg 45. This yeare in the moneth of Februarie was a Parliament called in the which there was demaunded of the spiritualtie a subsidie of fiftie M. Caxton A Subsidie poundes and as much of the Laitie The temporall men soone agreed to that payment but the Cleargie excused themselues with fayre wordes and shyfting answeres Insomuch that the king tooke displeasure with them and deposed certaine spirituall men from their offices of dignitie Spirituall men deposed as the Chancellour the Priuie seale the Treasorer and such other in whose rowmes he placed temporal men The Bishop of Winchester and the Bishop of Beanuoys being both Cardinalles were put in commission by Pope Gregorie the .xj. Cardinals appoynted to treate of peace to treate betwixt the kings of England and France for a peace but howbeit they did their endeuour therein and moued both kings to the vttermoste of theyr powers yet theyr mocions tooke none effect and therefore was the warre pursued to the vttermost betwixt the parties and namely in Aquitaine where the Fortresses were so intermedled one with an other some Englishe and some French that one knew not howe to beware of an other nor to auoyde the daunger so that the Countrey of Poictow and other the marches thereabout were in great tribulation Sir Robert Knolles sir Thomas Spencer Polidor sir Iohn Triuet and sir Hugh Hastings deuiding theyr powers in sunder went to recouer Townes some in one quarter and some in an other and certaine they assayed but preuayled not the Inhabitantes doubting to bee punished for theyr vntruthes made suche stoute resistaunce After this the Duke of Lancaster appoynted sir Robert Knolles to repayre agayne to Calais and by the way if occasion serued to attempt the recouerie of Ponthieu Sir Robert taking his iourney through Fraunce by Paris The feare which the enimies had of sir Rob. Knolles came into the marches of Picardie and bycause in comparison to this manne all the Englishe Captaines were little feared of the French men Sir Berthram de Cleaquin Sir Berthram de Cleaquin the Conestable of Fraunce leauing the fortresses in the marches of Aquitaine sufficiently stuffed with men of war and munition followed sir Robert Knolles still readie to assayle the hyndermost companies or else to set on the sydes of his enimies So that there chaunced manye skirmishes betwixt them and many men were slaine on both partes but at length wheÌ„ sir Robert Knolles saw no likelihood to atchieue his purposed entent in recouerie of the townes of PoÌ„thieu as Abuile and other he drew streight to Calais the Conestable retired backe into Fraunce In this .xlvj. yeare sir Robert Ashton was sent into Ireland as Lord Deputie there 1372 An. Reg. 46. and in the same yeare the Duke of Lancaster being as theÌ„ a widower maried the Lady CoÌ„staÌ„ce eldest daughter to Peter king of Spaine whiche was slaine by his bastarde brother Henrie as before yee haue hearde Also the Lorde Edmonde Earle of Cambridge maried the Ladie Isabell sister to the same CoÌ„stance Their other sister named Beatrice affianced to Don Ferdinando sonne to Peter king of Portingale was departed this life a little before this tyme at Bayonne where they were all three left as hostages by theyr father when the Prince went to bring him home into his Countrey as before ye may reade Froissart writeth that the Duke maried the Ladie Constance in Gascoigne and that shortly after he returned into Englande with his sayde wife and hir sister leauing the Capital de Bueffz and other Lordes of Gascoigne and Poictou in charge with the rule of those Countreys By reason of that mariage the duke of Lancaster as in right of his wife being the elder sister caused himselfe to be intituled king of Castile and his sayde wife Queene of the same realme The Earle of Hereforde being sent to the sea with certaine shippes of warre was encountred by the Flemish fleete before an hauen in Brytain called the Bay where was fought a sore battaile and long continued for the space of three houres howbeit finally the victorie abode with the English menne notwithstanding that the Flemings were more in number and better prouided for the matter There were taken of them .xxv. shippes with theyr Admirall Iohn Peterson They had bene at Rochelle for wine and now were come to the Bay for salt vpon theyr returne homewards and hearing that the English men woulde come that way stayed for them and first gaue the onset For ye must remember that by reason that the Earle of Flaunders had maried his daughter to the duke of Burgoine whiche he had first promised to the Earle of Cambridge there was no perfite friendship betwixt the Realme of Englande and the Countreys of the sayd Erle of Flaunders Sir Guichard Dangle a knight of Poictou that was come ouer with the Duke of Lancaster to procure the king to sende some newe ayde into Aquitaine Sir Guisshard Dangle made knight of the Garter Polidor Caxton was for his approued valiauncie and tryed truth to the king of Englande made knight of the Garter And moreouer at his instaunce the king rigged a nauie of shippes and appoynted the Earle of Pembroke as generall to sayle wyth the same into Aquitayne and there to remoue the siege which the Frenchmen had laid to Rochell The Erle of Pembroke sent into Guienne The Earle according to his commission tooke the Sea with a fleete of .xl. shippes prepared for him but ere he could enter the hauen of Rochelle he was assayled by an huge fleete of Spaniards and there vanquished taken prysoner and 〈◊〉 into Spaine The Spaniards had for captaines foure â—…full warriours Ambrose Bouque negre Froissart Cabesse de Vake or Vakadent Dom Ferand dâ—… Pâ—… and Rodigo de la Rochelle who had vnder there gouernment .xl. great carreuelles and thirtâ—… trymme Barques throughly furnished and appoynted with good mariners and men of wâ—…e The Earle of Pembroke had with him nothing the like number of shippes nor men for as Froissart writeth he had not past .xxij. knightes with him or as other haue not past .xij. being for the more part of his owne retinue of housholde and yet those fewe Englishmen and Poictouins
nauie of Shippes The Earle of Salisbury well furnished with men of armes and archers lay vpon the coast of Brytayne all that tyme and greatly comforted them wythin Brest insomuche that he came on lande and offred battaile to the Conestable if hee woulde haue come forward and receyued it In the moneth of Iulie in this .xlvij. yeare of King Edwardes raigne Polidor The Duke of Lancaster sent ouer into France with an army the Duke of Lancaster was sente ouer vnto Calays with an armie of thirtie thousande men as some wryte but as Froissart hath they were but thirtene thousande as three thousande men of armes and ten thousande archers Iames Mair Froissart This voyage had bin in preparing for the space of three yeares before The Duke of Brytaine was there with them and of the English nobility beside the duke of Lancaster that was their generall Noble men that went with him in that iourney there were the Erles of Warwike Stafford and Suffolke the L. Edward Spencer that was Conestable of the host the Lordes Willoughby de la Poole Basset diuerse others Of knights sir Henry Percy sir Lewes Clifford sir William Beauchampe the Chanon Robertsart Walter Hewet sir Hugh Calnerley sir StepheÌ„ Cousington sir Richard Ponchardon and many other When they had made redie their cariages and other things necessarie for such a iourney whiche they had taken in hande that is to wit to passe through y e realm of France vnto Burdeaux they set forward hauing their army deuided into three battayles The Erles of Warwike and Suffolk led the fore warde the two Dukes of Lancaster and Brytaine the middle warde or battaile and the rerewarde was gouerned by the Lord SpeÌ„cer Conestable of the host They passed by S. Omers by Turrouane and coasted the Countrey of Arthois and passed the water of Some at Corby They passed through the country without assaulting any townes They destroyed the Countreys as they went and marched not past three leagues a day They assayled none of the strong townes nor fortresses For the French king had so stuffed theÌ„ with notable numbers of men of warre that they perceyued they should trauaile in vaine about the winning of them At Roy in Vermandois they rested them seuen dayes and at their departure set fire on the towne bycause they could not win the church which was kept against them FroÌ„ thence they drew towards Laon so marched forward passing the riuers of Ysare Marne Saine and Yonne The Frenchmen coasted them but durst not approch to giue them battaile Neare to Ribanmont about .lxxx. Englishe men of sir Hugh Caluerleys companie were destressed by sir score FreÌ„chmen and likewise beside Soyssons Fabian six score English speares or as other writers haue fiftie speares and xx archers were vanquished by a Burgonian knight called Sir Iohn de Vienne that had with him three huÌ„dred French speares Of more hurt by any encounters I read not that the English men susteyned in this voyage The FrenchmeÌ„ ment not to fight with the Englishmen For the French men kept them aloofe and ment not to fight with their enimies but onely to keepe them from vittayles and fetching of forrage abrode by reason whereof the English men lost many horses and were in deed driuen to great scarcitie of vitailes When they had passed the riuer of Loire and were come into the Countrey of Berry Polidor they vnderstoode how the French men layde themselues in sundrie Ambushes to distresse them if they might espie the aduauntage But the duke of Lancaster placing his light horsmen with part of the archers in the fore ward The 〈◊〉 the Dâ—… of Lancaster 〈◊〉 â—…y in â—…ching and in the battail the whole force of his footemen with the menne at armes deuided into wings to couer that battaile wherein he himselfe was the residue of the horsmen with the rest of the archers he appointed to the rereward and so causing them to keepe close togither marched forth till he came into Poictou and then in reuenge of the Poictouins that had reuolted from the English obeysance he began a new spoyle killing the people wasting the Countrey and burning the houses and buildings euery where as hee passed He coâ—… into Bâ—… Froissart The Archâ—… Raâ—… 〈◊〉 from the 〈◊〉 and so finally about Christmasse came to Burdeaux Whilest the duke of Lancaster was thus passing through the realm of France Pope Gregory the .xj. sent the Archbishop of Rauenna and the Bishop of Carpentras as Legates from him to treate for a peace betwixt the Realmes of England and France they rode to and fro betwixt the French king and his brethren and the Duke of Lancaster but the Duke and the Englishe men kept on their way and so finally aboute Christmasse came to Burdeaux The Legates pursued their treatie but the parties were so harde that no reasonable offers woulde be taken The two Dukes of Lancaster and Brytaine lay in Burdeaux all the residue of the winter and the Lent following The same yeare that the duke of Lancaster made this iourney through Fraunce the king of England sent certain Ambassadors to the Pope Caxton Messengeâ—… sent to the pope abâ—…â—…seruation of benefices requiring him not to meddle with the reseruations of benefices within his realme of Englande but that those which were elected bishops mighte enioy their seas be confirmed of their metropolitane Archb. as of auncient time they had bin accustomed The Pope woulde not at that present determin any thing herein but coÌ„maunded them that were sent that they should certifie him again of the kings pleasure and further meaning in those Articles and other touching hym and his realme Also this yeare it was decreed in Parliament Cathedrall Churches that Cathredral Churches might enioy the right of their elections and that the king shoulde not hinder them that were chosen but rather helpe them to their confirmations In the same Parliament was graunted to the King a disme of the cleargie a .xv. of the laitie Moreouer at the sute of the Popes Legates a respite of warre was granted betwixt the kings of England and Fraunce but so that the English men lost in Gascoigne a greate number of Castels and townes by reason of a composition made before that if they were not reskued by the myddest of August they shoulde then yeelde themselues French And bycause the truce was agreed vpon the endure till the laste of August the English men tooke no heed to the matter It was further agreed that in the begynning of September there shoulde meete in the marches of Picardie the Duke of Lancaster CoÌ„missioners appointed to meet coÌ„mune of peace and other of the Englishe parte as Commissioners to entreat of peace And the Duke of Anion and other on the Frenche part the Popes Legates to be there also as mediators When this agreement was thus accorded the Duke of Lancaster and the Duke of Brytayne with
thought that whatsoeuer we did the same had bin done by his authoritie Finally when we had got power ynough that we needed not to feare any force that might be made forth against vs we would haue slayne all such noble men as mighte either haue giuen counsell or made anye resistance againste vs specially the Knightes of the Rhodes and lastly wee woulde haue kylled the Kyng and all menne of possessions with Byshoppes Monkes Chanons and parsons of Churches onely Friers Mendicants we would haue spared that myghte haue suffised for the ministration of the Sacramentes and when we hadde made a riddance of all those wee woulde haue deuised lawes according to the whych the subiectes of thys Realme shoulde haue liued for we woulde haue created Kyngs as Watte â—…ler in Kente and other in other Countreys 〈◊〉 bycause thys oure purpose was disappoynted by the Archbyshoppe of Caunterbury that woâ—…e not permitte the King to come vnto vs we sought by all meanes to dispatch hym out of the way as at length we did Moreouer the same euening that Watte Tiler was kylled wee were determined hauyng the greatest parte of the commons of the Citie bent to ioyne with vs to haue sette fyre in foure corners of the Citie and so to haue deuided amongst vs the spoyle of the chiefest ryches that myghte haue beene founde at oure pleasure and thys sayde hee was oure purpose as God maye help me now at my last ende Thus maye you see after what sorte they were conspired to the destruction of the Realme And least this one mans confession might seeme insufficiente diuers other of them confessed the same or muchwhat the lyke in effect when they sawe no remedie but presente deathe before their eyes To declare the occasion why suche mischiefes happened thus in the Realme wee leaue to the iudgemente of those that maye coniecture a troth thereof by conferring the manners of that age and behauior of all states then sith they that wrote in those dayes maye happely in that behalfe misse the trueth in construing things according to theyr affections but truely it is to bee thoughte that the faultes as well in one degree as other specially the synnes of the whole nation procured suche vengeaunce to rise The câ—…e of the late â—…multes whereby they myghte bee warned of theyr euill doings and seeke to reforme the same in tyme conuenient But as it commeth still to passe when the daunger is once ouershotte repentaunce lykewise is putte ouer and is no more regarded till an other scourge commeth eftsoones to putte menne in remembraunce of theyr duetie so in lyke manner as seemeth it chaunced in this Kynges dayes as by that whiche followeth it may more playnely appeare In thys meane tyme that these troubles were at the hottest in Englande the Duke of Lancaster beeyng in Scotlande so behaued hymselfe in the treatie whyche hee hadde in hande with the Scottes dissembling the matter so as if he had not vnderstoode of any trouble in Englande at all A truce 〈◊〉 Scotlande Tho. VValâ—… Froissart that finallye before the Scottes hadde knowledge thereof a truce was concluded to endure for two yeares or as other haue for three yeares When hee hadde made an ende there and that all thyngs were agreed vppon and passed for the confirmation of that accorde hee returned to Berwike but at his comming thither the Captayne sir Mathew RedmaÌ„ would not suffer him to enter y e towne The captain of Berwyke will not suffer the duke of Lancaster to enter into the town bycause of a commaundement giuen to him froÌ„ the Earle of Northumberlande Lord Warden of the marches wherefore the Duke was glad to returne into Scotlande agayne obteyning licence of the Scottes to remayne amongst them till the Realme of England was reduced to better quiet Herevpon the Commons in England that fauored hym not tooke occasion to reporte the worst of hym that myghte bee deuised calling him nowe in tyme of their rebellious commotions a traytor to the Realme declaring that hee hadde ioyned hymselfe to the Scottes and meant to take part with them against his owne natiue countrey The Kyng indeede hadde sente commaundemente during the time of the rebellious troubles vnto the Earle of Northumberlande that hee shoulde haue good regard to the safekeeping of all the Townes and Castels vnder his rule and not to suffer anye person to enter the same hauing forgot to except the Duke of Lancaster beeyng then in Scotlande wherevppon the Duke tooke no small displeasure with the Earle of Northumberlande as after hee well shewed at hys coÌ„ming home But before hee returned foorth of Scotlande he wrote to the Kyng to vnderstaÌ„d his pleasure in what sort he should returne humbling hymselfe in such wise as hee made offer to come with one Knight one Esquier a grome if it should please the Kyng so to appoynt him or if it so were that by his presence it was thoughte the Realme was like to fall in anye trouble hee was ready to departe into exile neuer to returne into his Countrey agayne if so bee that through his absence the King and Realme mighte enioy peace and quietnesse The Kyng hearing such offers wrote to him that his pleasure was to haue hym to returne home with all hys whole trayne and if the same were not thoughte sufficiente to guarde him hee should take of euery Towne by the which he passed a certayne nuÌ„ber of men to attend hym vnto the next Towne for hys safegarde and so it was done the Kyng sending him commission to that effect and thus coÌ„ming to the Courte he was of the Kyng right honorably receyued Within a few dayes after his commyng hee exhibited a greeuous complaynte agaynst y e Erle of Northumberland for abusing hym in dyuers sortes The Duke of Lancaster that 〈◊〉 the earle of Northumâ—… ioyth â—…alty crimes in time of the late troubles so as his honor was greatly thereby touched for whych the Earle was sente for and commaunded to come vnto Barkhamsteede where all the Lordes in manner of the land were assembled in Counsell Heere after the Duke had laâ—…de dyuers things so the Earles charge for his disobedience vnfaithfulnesse and ingratitude the Earle after the manner of his Countrey not able to forbeare brake out into reprochfull wordes againste the Duke although hee was commaunded by the Kyng to ceasse where the Duke kept silence in humble manner at the first word when the king commaunded hym to holde his peace so that by reason of the Earles disobedience in that behalfe he was arrested But yet the Erles of Warwike and Suffolke vndertaking for his appearance at the nexte Parliament he was suffered to depart and so the Counsell brake vp About the feast of all Sainctes The duke of Lancaster and the Earle of Northumberland come to the parliameÌ„t with greate troupes of armed men the Parliamente beganne to the whiche the Duke of Lancaster came bringing with him an exceedyng number
being incensed against the duke of Lancaster 1385 meant that he shuld haue bin arrested and arraigned of certain points of treason before sir Robert Tryssyllyan chiefe Iustice as Tho. Walsing sayth and peraduenture there might be some suche reporte that suche was the Kings meaning But yet how this may stand considering he was to be tried by his peeres in case that any the like matter had bin pretended I see not The Duke of Lancaster getteth him to hys castell of Pontfaet and fortifyeth it But how soeuer it was he being warned therof by some of the counsell got him to his castell of Pontâ—…ret which he fortified and banded him self so with his frendes that it appeared he wold defend his cause with force of armes rather than to come to his tryall by order of lawe afore such a Iudge and by reason hereof it was greately doubted least some ciuile warre wold haue broken foorth The Princesse of VVales maketh an attonement betvvene the kyng the duke of Lancaster But through the earnest labor of the kings mother that notwithstanding hir indisposition of bodie to trauaile by reason of hir corpulencie riding to and fro betwixt them made an agreement betwixt the Kyng hir sonne and the Duke to hir greate comforte and contentation of mynde and no lesse suretie of quietnesse to the whole realme About the same tyme the Frenche kyng had a great fleete of Shippes in Flaunders so that it was doubted leaste he meant some inuasyon into Englande Wherevppon there was sente to the sea the Lorde of Saincte Iohnes and 〈◊〉 Thomas Percye wyth a strong Nauyesâ—… they didde no good sufferyng the Frenche 〈◊〉 dyuers tymes to passe by them and not 〈◊〉 offered to sette vpon them But the Shippes 〈◊〉 Portesmouth and Dertemouth bestirred thâ—…-selues better for entirng into the riuer of Sayâ—… The 〈◊〉 Pâ—… 〈…〉 beâ—… 〈…〉 they drowned foure of theyr enimyes shyppes and tooke other foure wyth a Barque of the Lorde Clissons one of the fayrest that was to be founde eyther in Fraunce or Englande In these vesselles the Englishemenne hâ—… a ryche praye of Wynes and other Merchâ—…dyses The Kyng vppon some occasion tooke great displeasure agaynst William Courteney Archbishoppe of Canterburye stormyng against him so as fewe durste speake any thyng in hys excuse The Lord Chancellour Michael de la â—…le seemyng to fauour his cause was lykely to haue runne in hygh displeasure Syr Thomas Triuet and Syr Iohn Deuereux intreatyng for hym were sore rebuked at hys handes Yet at length after that the Archebyshoppe was wythdrawne had kept hym close for a tyme he was thorough mediation of some freendes recounciled to the kinges fauour About the same tyme the Frenche kyng 〈◊〉 into Scotlande the Admyrall of Fraunce Ia. Mâ—…r Froissart The Frenche king 〈…〉 the 〈◊〉 with a thousande men of armes knyghtes and Esquiers besides Crossebowes and other to ioyne with the Scots and to make warres in EnglaÌ„d The Scottes encouraged wyth thys newe ayde sente to them out of Fraunce leuyed a power and so together wyth the Frenchemenne The Scoâ—… made the â—…tion of 〈◊〉 enter into the Englyshe confynes and beginne to rob and spoyle and further tooke certain Castels and houses of defence The King of Englande aduertised hereof An. reg 9. assembled an huge power of menne of warre and fyrste sente before hym the Duke of Lancaster wyth parte of the Armye The K. goeth vvith an anye agaynst the Scottes and afterward followed hymselfe wyth all conuenyent speed 〈◊〉 myght bee At hys commyng into the parties aboute Yorke he was enformed that the Scottes and Frenchemen were withdrawne vppon the duke of Lancasters approche towardes them but the kyng thought to kepe on his iourney Whylest hee was lodged in those parties a greate myschaunce happened by reason of variaunce that fell betwixte certayne persones of the retinewe of Sir Iohn Hollande brother vnto the Earle of Kente Variaunce â—…tvvene sâ—… Holland â—…uants 〈◊〉 Richard Staffordeâ—… and halfe brother to the Kyng and other of the retinue of the Lorde Rycharde Stafforde sonne to the Earle of Stafforde The cause of their falling out was aboute a knight of Boheme called sir Miles that was come to see the Queene This Knight kepte companie moste an end with the L. Richarde Stafforde and chauncing to be at words with twoo of Sir Iohn Hollandes seruantes there came twoo Archers perteynyng to the Lorde Stafford which blamed them that were so aboute to mysuse the stranger in words as they tooke it the strife hereby grewe to that point in the ende The Lord Richard Stafford â—…layne by Sir Iohn Holland that one of the archers shotte at one of sir Iohn Hollandes seruantes and slewe him This mishap being reported to sir Iohn Holland sette him in suche a furie by reason of the loue which he had to his seruant that immediatly he rushed foorth of his lodging to reuenge his deathe and throughe misfortune meeting with the Lorde Stafforde slewe hym doubting in what sorte his deede myghte be taken fled straight vnto Beuerley there tooke Sanctuarie The Erle of Stafford tooke this misaduenture right heuily as reason was yet bycause he would not trouble the hoste nor disappoint the iourney whiche they had in hand vppon the kings promise that he would doe vpright iustice in the mater as should be thought meete and conuenient he bare his griefe so patiently as he might so that he wanne himselfe muche praise for his wisdome therin shewed The King aduauncing forwards with his army Hâ—… Boetius K. Richard enâ—… 〈◊〉 Scotland and spoyâ—… dyuers â—…s and â—…aces came to y t borders entring into ScotlaÌ„d passed thorough Mers and Louthian wasting spoiling all the towns houses and villages in his way The abbeis of Melros Dryburgh Newebottell were brente and those Monkes and other prople that were founde in the same were slaine Edenborough 〈◊〉 by king Richarde At his comming to Edenburghe he founde all the people fled out of the towne but the houses buildings hee consumed with fier togither with the Churche of saint Giles At the humble sute of his vncle the Duke of LaÌ„caster Holyrood house was preserued from hurt for that the same Duke in tyme of the rebellion of the commons here in England was lodged in that house and found muche gentlenesse and frendshippe in the Abbot Conuent Thus when the King had reuenged the displesure afore receyued at the Scots frenchmeÌ„s hands remained in Edenburgh a fiue dayes he retourned without proffer of battell or any notable encounter The Admirall of Fraunce was earnestly in hande with the Scottish lords to perswade them to haue gyuen battell to the Englishe army The Frenche admirall perswadeth the Scottes to 〈◊〉 vvith the English hâ—…e till he diuers other Knights of Fraunce were brought to the top of a mouÌ„taine from whence they might beholde all the Englishe army as the same passed
vnderneath them by a passage that laye by the foote of that mountaine for after that they had viewed the puissaunce of the Englishmen and as neare as they could numbred theÌ„ they had no such care mindes to fight with them as before for they estemed them to be a sixe M. men of armes a .lx. M. archers other men of warre where the Scots and Frenchmen were not paste a M. speares and .xxx. M. of all other sortes and the moste parke of those but euill armed Therefore they determined vpon an other point which was to inuade England in an other quarter whilest the englishmen brente vp their country and so they set forwards toward the west borders The Scotts invade England vvhilsst King Richarde is a spoiling Scotlande Cumberlande sore spoiled by the Scottes passing ouer the moâ—…tains that deuide Northumberland from Scotland they entred into Cumberlande doing muche hurte in y e landes that belonged to the Lorde Mowbray to the Earles of Nottingham and Stafford to the baron of Graystock and to the Musgraues Lastly they came to Careleill and boldly assaulted the Citie Carlell assaulted by the Scottes but sir Lewes Clifforde and sir Thomas Musgraue Dauye Holgraue and diuers other worthie capitaines being within it so defended the walles gates that their enimies gâ—… small aduantage and finally hearing that the englishe army was returning homewardes the Scots and frenchemen drewe backe into Scotlande doubting to be enclosed by the Englishmen as they had bin in deed if the Duke of Lancaster and his brethreÌ„ vncles to the king might haue bin beleued Good counsell neglected who counselled the king to pursue the enimies and stop the passages through which they must needs passe in their comming backe But the Earle of Oxforde being moste in fauour and credit with the king in those dayes as one that ruled all things at his pleasure did aduise him to the contrarie by putting him in beliefe as was saide that his vncles went about to being him in daunger to be loste and surprised of his enimies wherevppon hee tooke the nexte way home and so brake vp his iourney When the Scottes and Frenchemen were returned into Scotlande Polidor the Scottishe Kyng hauing conceyued a iust displeasure towardes the frenche Admirall for that by his meanes the realme of Scotland had susteined such damage in that season A noble reuenge caused him and his frenchemen to bee dispoiled of the most part of their goods and sente them so away out of hys countrey that the Scottes might receiue some euen sorte by those warres This yeare was the battell of Algâ—…ta in Portingale There vvere 600. EnglishmeÌ„ vvho vvith their bovves did greate seruice as bâ—… 〈◊〉 and â—…or is appeareth where Iohn king of Portingal discomfyted a great host of Spaniards freÌ„chmen by the helpe policie of certain englishmeÌ„ which he had there with him vnder the leading of two Esquiers Norbery and Hartelle Theâ—… were slaine diuers Erles and greate Lordes of Spaniardes but for that our writers doe not note rightly the Spanish names but write theÌ„ corruptly as strangers vse to doe wee here omit them The King of Portingale sendeth sixe Caleis to King Richardes â—…de The king of Portingale after this victorie obteined againste his enimies sent sixe Galleis vnto the king of England to aide him agaynste his aduersaries the whiche were well receyued and highlye made of by the Londoners and other so that the Portingales had no cause to repent of their comming hither The Frenche king this yeare besieged and wanne the towne of Dam after he had bin at greate charges aboute it Whilest his Nauie returned from Scluis wher the same had laine at Ancre a long time the ships by tempest were scatered and wederdriuen so that in the feast day of the Exaltation of the crosse two of their galleis a great ship a barge and .vij. balengers were caste a shore aboute Callais and the Calisians tooke .v. C. frenchemen and Normans that escaped to land An other day .lxxij. french ships as they were comming from Scluis to passe by Calleis A good victory of them of Callais againste the Frenche fleete were mette wyth by them of Callais who behaued themseues so manfully that they tooke .xviij. of those frenche ships and a great Barke in whiche three score armed meÌ„ were slaine before it coulde be taken Within three dayes after this the Calisians mette .xlv. other frenche ships and after .vj. houres fight obteyned the victorie taking three of the moste principall vessels wherof one being a Hulke of Eastlande was hired by the Normans to gard the residue The other .ij. that were taken were of suche molde that they coulde not enter into the Hauen at Callais and therefore were sente to Sandwiche the one of them beeing a newe shippe the lord Clisson had bought at Scluis paying for hir three thousand frankes On S. Denis day the souldiors of Callais and other English fortresses there abouts The Calisians others make a roade into Fraunce and vvinne greate booties made a secrete iourney into Fraunce and got a bootie of foure M. sheepe and three hundreth heade of greate cattell whiche they droue towards theyr holdes and as y e lord de Rambures gouernor of Bollongne wold haue recouered y e pray he was vnhorsed with the rencounter of an english speare being releued by his companie and mounted againe withdrewe himself not attempting to trie any further mastries and so the englishmeÌ„ safely passed forthe with their bootie of cattell and aboue a hundreth good prisoners which they had taken at this roade In this .ix yeare aboute the feast of saint Martin Fabian the king called his highe Courte of parliament at Westminster Creation of Dukes and Earles at the parliament in the whiche amongst other thinges there concluded he created two Dukes a Marques and .v. Earles First Edmund Langley erle of of Cambridge the Kinges vncle was 〈◊〉 Duke of Yorke Thomas of Woodstoâ—… other vncle Erle of Buckingham was 〈◊〉 Duke of Gloucester Robert Vere erle of Oxforde was made Marques of Deuelin Henry of Bollingbrooke sonne and heire to Iohn de Gaunt duke of Lancaster Henry of 〈…〉 Earle of Dâ—… 〈◊〉 King was created Earle of Darbie Edwarde Plantagenet sonne and heire to the Duke of Yorke was made erle of Rutlande Michaell lorde de la Poole chauncellor of England was created erle of Suffolk and sir Thomas Moubray erle of Notingham was made earle Marshall Also by auctoritie of this parliament Roger lorde Mortimer earle of March The Lorde Mâ—… 〈◊〉 of Marche 〈…〉 appeare in the 〈◊〉 sonne and heire of Edmund Mortimer Earle of Marche and of the Lady Phillippe eldest daughter and heire vnto Lionell Duke of Clarence thirde sonne to king Edwarde the third was established heire aparant to the crown of this realme and shortlye after so proclaimed The whiche erle of Marche anone after the end of the same parliament sailed
brother 〈◊〉 mothers syde that was lately returned to 〈◊〉 Spaine where hee hadde beene wyth the 〈◊〉 of Lancaster was nowe made Earle of â—…tingdon Also in this .xij. yeare were commissiâ—… appoynted to meete at Balingham 1389 betwixt â—…lais and Bollongne to treate a truce to bee had betwixt the realmes of England Fraunce Comi 〈◊〉 sent to 〈◊〉 truce betwixt Englande Fraunce and Scotlande and Scotlande Walter Skitlow Bishop of Durham that had beene lately before remoued 〈◊〉 Bathe vnto Durham from whence Iohn Fordham had beene translated vnto Elie was sent as head commissionce for the king of England and with him were ioyned sir Iohn Clanbow and sir Nicholas Dagworth knightes and Richarde Rowhale Clearke a doctor of law By Froissart it appeareth that the Earle of Salisburie was one Froissart sir William Beauchamp Lorde Deputie of Calais poynted likewise as an assistant with them The Bishop of Bayenâ—… the Lorde Valeâ—… Earle of Saint Poule sir Guillam de Melin sir Nicholas Bracque sir Iohn le Mercier came thither for the French king And for the king of Scottes there appeared the Bishop of Aberdyne sir Iames and sir Dauid Lindsey and sir Walter Sanckler knights After long treatie and muche adoe at length a truce was concluded to begin at Midsommer next and to endure for the space of three yeares next ensuing Whilest the Commissioners were occupied in the Marches betwixt Calais and Bollongne about this truce The Scots in the time of treatie spoyle the â—…try of Northuâ—… the Scottes entring into Northumberland did much mischiefe leading away many prisoners of men and women beside other great booties prayes which they got abroade in the countrey The Lord Thomas Mowbray erle of Notingham was sent with fiue C. speares to reueÌ„ge those attempts of the enimies but for that his power was small in comparison to theirs he preuayled litle or nothing against them sir Iohn Clanbow and sir Richard Rouale Clerke tooke the French kings othe and the Erle of S. Paule that had maried the Ladie Mawde Courtency with other noble men came into Englande and receiued the kings othe here for the confirming of this last mentioned truce The Scots hauing prouided as aâ—…my to 〈◊〉 england haâ—…ly perswaded to accept the truce The Scots might not without muche adoe be perswaded to accept this truce being ready the same time with an army to enter into England but yet through the diligeÌ„ce of suche Frenchmen as went thither for that purpose at length they agreed This yeare the King by counsayle of some that were aboute hym called the Nobles and greate menne of the Realme togyther and as they were set in the Counsaile Chamber staying till hee came at length he entring into the same Chamber The kings question to his lords others in the counsel chamber and taking his place to sit among theÌ„ demaunded of them of what age he was nowe Wherevnto answere was made that he was full twentie yeares olde then sayde hee I am of yeres sufficient to gouerne mine owne house and family and also myne Kingdome for it seemeth agaynst reason that the estate of the meanest person within my kingdome shoulde be better than myne Euerie heyre that is once come to the age of .xx. yeares is permitted if his father be not lyuing to order his businesse himselfe then that thing whiche is permitted to euery other person of meane degree by lawe why is the same denied vnto me When the Barons herewith astonied made answere that there shoulde bee no right abridged from him but that he might take vpon hym the gouernment as of reason was due Well sayde hee ye knowe that I haue beene a long time ruled by tutors so as it hath not beene lawfull to mee to doe any thing were it of neuer so small importance without their consents Now therefore I will that they meddle no further with matters perteyning to my gouernment and after the maner of an heyre come to lawfull age I wil call to my counsaile such as pleaseth mee The K. taking vppon him the gouernement of al things displaceth diâ—…ers officers and setteth others in their roomes and I will deale in mine owne businesse my selfe And therefore I will first that the Chauncellor resigne to me his seale When the Archbishop of Yorke who in the yeare last past had bin remoued from Ely vnto Yorke and Alexander Neuill displaced had delyuered to him the seale the King receyuing it of him put it in his bosome and sodainly rysing departed forth of the Chamber and after a little while returning sate downe againe Wickham Bishop of Winchester made â—…ouncelor and delyuered the Seale to the Bishop of Wynchester William Wickham and so made him Chancellor although sore agaynst the same Bishops will he made also many other new officers remouing the olde and vsed in all things his owne discretion and authoritie The Duke of Gloucester the Earle of Warwicke and other honourable and worthie men were discharged and put from the Counsaile and others placed in theyr rowmethes such as pleased the king to appoynt The same time he made fiue new Iustices An. reg 14. â—…erlâ—…ists â—…ease In this season the followers of Wicklifes doctrine maruellously increased specially in the Diocesse of Sarum where they had many that tooke vpon them as Ministers both to preach the worde and to dispence the Sacraments This they did in secrete but they were discouered by one that had beene of theyr fellowship who declared to the Bishoppe of Salisburie at his Manour of Sonning all the whole circumstaunces therof as he knewe There were of them that preached in those dayes earnestly agaynst pylgrimages callyng such Images as y e people had in most veneratioÌ„ as that at Walsingham and the Roode of the North doore at Paules in London rotten stocks and worme eaten blocks through which the vnskilfull people being mocked and deceyued were compelled most manifestly to commit idolatrie The Bishops sayth Thomas Walsingham hearing beholding knowing these things with much more to be true did little or nothing to redresse the same saue only the bishop of Norwich who stirred coales swearing and storing that if any of that sect presumed to preache any peruerse doctrine within his diocesse he would cause them either to hop headlesse or to frie a fagot for it he was therefore not a little praysed and extolled by the Monks and other religious men as should appeare for that his zeale In Nouember The Duke of Lancaster returneth into England forth of Gascoigne the Duke of Lancaster came forth of Gascoigne into England after he had remayned first in Spaine and after in Gascoigne three yeares togither Of his successe in Spaine is spoken before and likewyse of the agreement betwixte the King of Castille and the sayde Duke whiche was not in all poyntes confyrmed till a little before his returne nowe into Englande About the same time the King had called a counsaile of
in their liueries crying Kyng Richard King Richard At the StaÌ„dert in Cheape was a right sumptuous stage ordeyned on whiche were set dyuers personages and an Angell that set a rich crowne of golde garnished with stone and pearle vppon the Kings head as hee passed by and likewise an other on the Queenes head This done the King rode to Poules there offered and so tooke his horse againe and rode to Westminster where the Maior and his companie taking their leaue returned to London On the morrow the Maior and his breethren went againe to Westminster More giâ—…es by the Londoâ—… to the king and there preâ—…ented the King with two basens gilte and in 〈◊〉 two thousand nobles of golde besâ—…eching 〈◊〉 be good and gracious Lord to the Citie he receyued their present in courteous manner and gifte them many comfortable words Tho. VVaâ—… The liberties of London â—…tified by King to Richard The thirde daye after they receyued a newe confirmation of all their olde liberties at the least suche as might he an aide to the Citie and no detriment to Forreyners wherefore by counsell of their friends they ordeined a table for an auiter of siluer and giâ—… engrauen with imagerie and enameled in most curious wise conteyning the story of Saint Edwarde it was valued to be worth a M. markes This was presented to the King the whiche hee shortly after offered to the shrine of Saint Edward within the Abbey The Londoners beleeued that by these gifts they had bin quite ridde of all danger but yet they were coÌ„pelled to giue the K. after this tenne thousand pounds which was collected of the commons in the citie not without great offence and grudging in their mindes The same time the Duke of Gloucester hauing receyued money to leauie an army whiche hee shoulde haue conueyed ouer into Ireland The duke of Gloucester made Duke of Irelande of which countrey a good while before that present the king had made him Duke was nowe readye set forward when suddainely through y e malice of some priuie detractours about the King His iourney into Irelande vnluckely stayed hee was contermaunded and so hys iourney was stayed to the great hinderance and preiudice of both the Countreys of Englande and Irelande for euen vppon the fame that was bruted of hys comming into Irelande in manner all the Irish Lords determined to submit themselues vnto him so greatly was his name both loued reuereÌ„ced and feared euen among those wilde and sauage people This yere Robert Veere Veere aâ—…te Duke of Ireland â—…ieth a Louayne late Earle of Oxford Duke of Ireland departed this life at Lâ—…uaigne in Brabant in great anguishe of mind miserable necessitie which yong geÌ„tleman doubtlesse was apt to al coÌ„mendable exercises partes fitte for a noble maÌ„ if in his youth he had bin wel trained and brought vp in necessarie discipline This yeare after Christmas 1393 Tho. VVaâ—… A Parliament at Winchester a Parliamente was called at Winchester in which only a grant was made by the Cleargie of halfe a tenth for the expeÌ„ces of the Duke of Lancaster and Gloucester that wer appointed to goe ouer into FraÌ„ce to treate of peace betwixte the two kingdomes The Courtes of the kings bench and Chauncerie The Chauncerie and Kings bench â—…eâ—…e at Yorke and from thence remoued to London whiche hadde bene remoued from Westminster to Yorke either in disfauour only of the Londoners or in fauoure of the Citizens of Yorke for that the Archbishoppe of that Citie being Lorde Chancellor wished to aduaunce so farre as in him lay the commoditie and wealthe therof were neuerthelesse about this season brought backe againe to Westminster after they had remayned a small time at Yorke to the displeasure of many This yere the Lord Aubrey de Veere Vncle to the late Duke of Ireland was made Earle of Oxford The two and twentith of Februarie Iohn Eures Eures Connestable of Douer Castel and Lord Steward of the Kings house departed this life in whose roomth the Lord Thomas Percy that before was Vicechamberlayne was created Lord Steward and the Lord Thomas Beaumont was made Connestable of Douer Lord Warden of the cinque Portes and the Lorde William Scrope was made Vicechamberlaine who aboute the same time bought of the Lorde William Montagewe the I le of Man The I le of Man with the regalitie thereof for it is a Kingdome as Thomas Wals affirmeth The Dukes of Lancaster and Gloucester â—…cisco FraÌ„ce to â—…ents of a â—…eâ—…e The Dukes of Lancaster and Gloucester went ouer vnto Calais and down to Bulloigne came y e Dukes of Berry and Burgoigne These noble men were sufficiently furnished with auctoritie to conclude a perfect peace both by Sea and land betweene the two Realmes of Fraunce and England and all their Alies The place appoynted for theÌ„ to treate in was at Balingham where tentes and pauilions were pight vp for the ease of both parties They mette there twice or thrice a weeke in a fayre tent prepared for the purpose about nyne of the clocke in the forenoone This was aboute the beginning of May. When they entred first into communication and had seene eache others authoritie one of the first demaundes that the Frenchmen made The Frenche â—…ssioners would haue Caleys rased 〈◊〉 the ground was to haue Calais rased in such wise as there should neuer bee anye habitation there after that tyme. The Dukes of Lancaster and Gloucester aunswered heerevnto howe they had no authoritie to conclude so farre but that England shoulde hold Calais still as in demeyne and true inheritaÌ„ce and therefore if they purposed to enter anye further in the treatie of peace they should ceasse from that demaund and speake no more thereof When the Dukes of Berrie and Burgoigne heard their two Cousins of Englande aunswere so roundly they spake no more of that matter The demands 〈◊〉 the English commissioners Then the Dukes of Lancaster and Gloucester demaunded to haue restitution of all suche lands as hadde bin deliuered either to King Richard or to King Edward the thirde or to anye their deputies or commissioners and also to haue fully payde the summe of Florens that was lefte vnpaid at the time when the warre renued betwixt England and Fraunce and this the English Lawyers proued to stande with equitie and reason but neuerthelesse the Lords and Chauncellor of Fraunce argued to the contrary and so agree they could not in so much as the Frenche men required that if the Englishmen meant to haue any conclusion of peace they should drawe to some neerer paynts Order taken that the demaundes on eyther side should be sette downe in writing the better to be considered of At length the four Dukes tooke order that all their demaundes on eyther side shoulde bee sette downe in writing and deliuered to eyther partie interchangeably that they might be regarded at length and suche as shoulde bee founde
vnreasonable to be rased or reformed After they had communed togithers dyuers times and remayned there a fifteene dayes they appointed to aduertise the two Kings of theyr whole doyngs and after nine dayes space to meete againe The Frenche Dukes rode to Abbeuile where the Frenche King then laye and the Englishe Dukes returning to Calais wrote to the King of England of all the whole matter The Duke of Gloucester was harder to deale with in eache behalfe concerning the conclusion of peace than was the Duke of Lancaster for he rather desired to haue had warre than any peace excepte such a one as shoulde bee greatly to the aduantage and honor of the Realme of Englande and therefore the commons of Englande vnderstanding hys disposition agreed that hee should be sent rather than any other For where in times past y e Englishmenne hadde greatly gayned by the warres of Fraunce as well the commons The Englishe Gentlemen maynteyned by the French warres as the Knightes and Esquiers who had by the same mainteyned their estate they could not giue their willing consents to haue any peace at all with the Frenchmen in hope by reason of the warres to profyte themselues as in times past they had done The Frenche King and the nobles of Fraunce were greately enclined to peace and so likewise was the King of England the Duke of Lancaster But the Frenchmen were so subtile The subtiltie of the Frenchmen and vsed so many darke and coloured words that the Englishmen had much adoe to vnderstaÌ„d them whiche offended much the Duke of Gloucester But neuerthelesse at the daye prefixed these foure Dukes met againe at Balingham and with the French Lords came the King of Armony newly retorned into France foorth of Grecia for into his owne countey â—…e durst not come The commissioners meete agayne the Turkes hauing conquered it except the strong Towne of Coniche The King of Armony which the Genewayes held The K. of Armonye woulde gladly that peace mighte haue bin established bitwixt Fraunce and Englande in hope to procure the sooner some ayde of the Kings to recouer his kingdome But to coÌ„clude after that the Dukes and other with them associate as assistants had diligently perused and examined the articles of their treatie they would not passe nor seale to anye Obscure and doutfull words to be opened till all darke and obscure words were cleerely declared opened and made perfect so that no generall peace mighte be concluded A truce for .4 yeres betwene Englande and Fraunce Notwithstanding yet as Froyssarte hath a truce for four yeares vppon certayne articles was agreed to be kept as well by sea as by lande It was thought that when they were at poynt to haue growen to agreement concerning many articles if the French King had not newly fallen into his former disease of frensie there had better effect followed of this treatie but by occasion of his sicknesse eache man departed before that anye principall articles coulde be fully ordered and made perfect The same time Sir Thomas Percy the yonger was made Lorde Warden of Burdeaux and Aquitaine An. reg 17. Great tempestes In September muche hurte was done thorough exceeding greate thunder lightning and tempestes whiche chaunced in many partes of Englande but speciallye in Cambridge shire where manye houses were brente with no small quantitie of corne Greate inundations and flouds of water followed shortly after in October Muche hurte done by great flouds in Suffolke whiche did muche hurt at Bury and New-market in Suffolke where it ouerthrew walles of houses and putte men and women in greate daunger of drowning A great plage in Essex In Essex also in September greate mortalitie fell by pestilence amongst the people whereof many died The Towne of Chierburg was restored againe to the King of Nauarre who had engaged it to the King of England for two thousand markes 1394 A Parliamente was holden at Westminster whiche began in the Octaues of Saint Hillarie The King purposing to goe ouer into Ireland required a subsedie the Cleargie graunted to him a whole teÌ„th toward the furnishing forth of that iourney if he wente himselfe if he wente not yet they agreed to giue to him the moâ—… of a tenth In time of this Parliamente there appeares great euill will to remayne betwixt the Duke of Lancaster and the Earle of Arundell for the Duke imposed to the Earle that about the exaltation of the Crosse Varlâ—… 〈…〉 duke of Lancaster and the Erle of â—…â—…ell hee lay wyth a company of armed men in the castell of Holte by Chester the same time that the country there rose against the Duke with their Capitaine Nicholas Clifton and his complices whome he ment as the Duke alledged to haue aided against him but the Erle this flatly denyed and with probable reasons so excused himselfe as the quarrell at length was taken vp and the parties for the time well quieted This yeare on Whitsonday beeing the seauenth of Iune Queene Anne departed this life The death of Queene Anne to the great griefe of hir husband King Richard who loued hir entierly She deceassed at Sheâ—…e and was buried at Westminster vpon y e South side of Saint Edwards Shrine The King tooke suche a conceyte with the house of Shene where she departed this life The K. deficeth the house of Shene bycause the queene dyed there that hee caused the buildings to bee throwen downe and defaced whereas the former Kings of this lande beeing weery of the Citie vsed customarilye thither to resorte as to a place of pleasure and seruing highly to theyr recuâ—…tion Thus the King the Duke of Lancaster and his sonne the Earle of Derby were widdowers all in one season for the Lady Constance Duches of Lancaster daughter to Peter Kyng of Spaine deceassed the last yeare whilest hir husbande the Duke of Lancaster was at the treatie in Fraunce and the same tyme also deceassed the Countesse of Derby wife to the Lorde Henry Earle of Derby Moreouer in this yeare .1394 Isabell Duchesse of Yorke departed this life that was halfe sister to the Duchesse of Lancaster beeing borne of one mother She was buried at Laâ—…gley This yeare in August An. reg 〈◊〉 A proclamation that 〈…〉 reâ—… 〈◊〉 their 〈◊〉 was a proclamation sette foorthe that all Irishmenne shoulde auoyde this lande and returne home into their owne Countrey before the feast of the Natiuitie of our Lady on payne of life The occasion of whiche proclamation was for that such multitudes of Irishmen were come ouer into this region in hope of gaine that the Countreys in Ireland subiect to England The English 〈…〉 almost 〈…〉 were in manner lefte voyde of people so that the enimies spoyled and wasted those Countreys at theyr pleasure finding fewe or none to withstande them And where King Edwarde the third had placed in Ireland his benche and Iudges with his Eschecker for the good administration of Iustice and
politike gouernemente to bee vsed there hee receiued from thence yeerely in reuenewes and profites comming to his owne cofers The yerely 〈◊〉 of Ireland in K. Edward the 〈◊〉 his days the summe of thirtie thousande poundes the King nowe layde forthe no lesse a summe to repulse the enimies whiche by absence of those that were come ouer hither could not otherwise be resisted sith the power of the Rebels was so increased and the force of the Countreys subiect thorough lacke of the former inhabitantes so deminished About the feast of the Natiuitie of oure Lady the King set forward to passe into Irelande hauing made such preparation for that iourney as the like for Ireland had not bin heard of at anye time before There weÌ„t ouer with him the Duke of Gloucester the Earles of Marche Nottingham and Rutland the Lord Thomas Percy Lord Stewarde and diuers other of the Englishe Nobilitie The Duke of Lancaster that in the thirtenth yeare of King Richards raigne had bin created by authority of Parliament Duke of Aquitaine was about this presente time sent thither with a fiue hundred men of armes The Duke of Lancaster sayâ—… into Aâ—…yne with 〈◊〉 â—…ay and a thousande archers to take possession of that Duchie according to the Kings graunt by his letters patents thereof had made and confirmed with his seale in presence of the most part of all the Nobles and great Lords of England to hold all that Countrey to the saide Duke and his heires for euer in as large manner and forme as his father Kyng Edwarde the third or any other Kings of Englande or Dukes of Aquitaine before time hadde holden and as King Richard at that season had and held the same the homage alwayes yet reserued to the Kings of Englande for euer But all this notwithstanding at his comming thither so farre were the Gascoignes The Gascoines flatly refuse to accept the Duke of Lancaster for their soueraigne and other people of those marches from receiuing him with ioy and triumph that they plainely tolde him they would not at turne to him nor be vnder his iurisdiction at any hande although he had brought ouer with him commissioners sufficiently authorised both to discharge them of their former allegiaunce to the King and to inuest him in possession of that Duchie in manner and forme as before is sayde But now to returne to King Richard ye shal vnderstand that when all his prouision and royall army was ready about Michaelmas King Richard passeth ouer into Irelande with a mighty armye he tooke the Sea and landed at Waterford the second of October and so remayned in Irelande all that Winter his people were lodged abroade in the Countrey and lay so warely as they myght for although the Irishmen durst not attempte anye exployte openly against the Englishmen after the kings arriuall with so puissante an army yet they woulde steale sometimes vpon them where they espyed any aduantage and disquiet them in their lodgings but when the Englishmen still preuailed diuers of the greatest Princes amongst them came in and submitted themselues Also the same time after the Octaues of the Epiphanie the Duke of Yorke Lord Warden of England now in the Kings absence caused a Parliament to be called at Westminster A Parliament at Westminster King Richard being in Ireland to the whiche was sente forthe of Ireland the Duke of Gloucester that he might declare to the coÌ„mons the Kings necessitie to haue some graunte of money to supply his want hauing spent no smal quantitie of treasure in that iourney made into Irelande The Dukes words were so wel heard and beleeued that a whole Tenth was graunted by the Cleargie and a fiftenth by the Laitie but not without protestation that those paimeÌ„ts were graunted of a meere free will for the loue they bare to the King and to haue his businesse goe forwards The same time those that followed Wicklifes opinions The Wickleuists wrote against the Cleargie set vp publiquely on the Churche dore of Paules in London and the Church dores of Westminster certayne writings conteyning accusations of the Cleargie and conclusioÌ„s such as had not commonly bin heard against Ecclesiasticall persons and the vse of the Sacraments as the Churche then maynteyned they were encouraged thus to doe as it was sayde by some noble men and Knightes of great worship as sir Richard Sturrie Sir Lewes Clifford sir Thomas Latimer Sir Iohn Montagew and others who comforted and pricked forwarde those kinde of men then called Heretikes and Lollardes to the confounding of Monkes Friers and other Religious persons by all wayes they myghte Heerevpon the Archbishop of Yorke the Bishop of London and certaine other as messengers froÌ„ the whole state of the Cleargie passed ouer into Irelande The Cleargie complaine to the king of the Wickleuists and their fauorers where to the King they made a greeuous complaint as well againste those that had framed and set forth suche writings as agaynste them that mainteyned them in their doings and therefore besoughte him with speede to returne home into England there to take such order for the restreining of those misordered persons as to the reliefe of the Church might be thought expedient beeing then in great daunger of susteyning irrecouerable losse and domage if good reformation were not the sooner had King Richard hearing these things vppon good deliberation had in the matter determined to returne home but first vpon the day of the annuntiation of our Lady he made the four aboue remembred Kings King Richard Knighteth the four Irishe Kings and others to wit O Nele Brine of Thomond Arthur Mackmur and Conhuâ—… Knightes in the Cathedrall Churche of Dublin and likewise one Sir Thomas Orphen Froissart Sir Ioatas Pado and his cousin sir Iohn Pado This done and nowe after that they were set in quiet in that Countrey the Rebels not beyng so hardy as to stirre whilest suche a mighty army was there ready at hande to assayle them K. Richard â—…turneth 〈…〉 Ireland the K. about Easter came backe into Englande without any more adoe â–ª so that the gain was thought nothing to couÌ„teruayle the charges whiche were very greate for the King had ouer with hym in that iourney foure thousand men of armes and thirtie thousande archers as Froissart saith hee was enformed by an English Esquier that had bin in that iourney The King at his comming ouer did not forget what complaint the Archbyshop of Yorke and the Bishop of London hadde exhibited to him againste those that were called Lollards and Heretikes K. Richardâ—…s dealinges againste the fauours of the Wicleuists wherevpon immediately hee called afore him certaine of the noble men that were thoughte and knowen to fauour suche kinde of men threatning terribly if from thenceforth they shoulde in anye wise comforte and releeue them Hee caused Sir Richard Sturry to receyue an oth that he should not maynteyne froÌ„ that day forward anye such erronious opinions menacing
him and as it were couenaunting with him by an interchangeable othe that if euer he might vnderstand that he did violate and breake that oth he should die for it a most shamefull death This yeare the Danes that lay rouing on the Seas did much hurt to the English Merchants taking and robbing many English Shippes when the hauen townes alongst the Coastes of Northfolke made forth a number of Shippes The Danes robbe the English marchâ—… on the seas ventured to fighte with those Pirats they were vanquished by the Danes so that manye were slayne and manye taken prisoners whiche were constreined to pay great ransomes The enimies also found in ransacking the Englishe Shippes Great prises wonne by thâ—… Daâ—…lâ—…hâ—…peâ—… 〈◊〉 of the english men twentie M. poundes which the Englishe Merchants had aboorde with theÌ„ to buy wares with in place whither they were bound to goe The same yere Wil. Courtney Archb. of Canterbury hauing more regard to his own priuate coÌ„modity thaÌ„ to the discoÌ„modity of others purchased a Bull of the Pope whereby hee was authorised to leauie through his whole prouince four pence of the pound of all Ecclesiastical promotions as well in places exempt as not exeÌ„pt no true nor lawfull cause being shewed or pretended why he ought so to doe and to see y e execution of this Bull put in practise the Archbyshop of York the Bishop of London were named appoynted many that feared y t censures of suche high executioners chose rather to paye the money forthwith than to goe to the lawe and be compelled happely maugre their good willes Some there were that appealed to the Sea of Rome meaning to defende their cause and to procure that so vnlawfull an exaction myghte be reuoked Specially the prebendaries of Lincolne stoode most stiffely againste those Byshops but the death of the Archbyshop that chanced shortly after made an ende of those so passing great troubles This yeare Iohn Waltham Byshoppe of Salisburie Waltham bishop of Salisbury buried at Westminster amongst the kings and Lorde Treasorer of Englande departed this life and by King Richarde hys appoyntmente hadde the honor to haue his bodye enterred at Westminster among the Kings After his deceasse Roger Walden that before was Secretarie to the Kyng and Treasorer of Calais was now made Lord Treasorer An. reg 19. Ye haue hearde that in the yeare .1392 Robert Veer Duke of Ireland departed this life in Loname in Brabant King Richarde therefore thys yeare in Nouember caused his corps being embaulmed to be conueyed into Englande and so to the Priorie of Colney in Essex The Duke of Irelandes corps â—…eyed froÌ„ Iâ—…yn into Englande and 〈◊〉 royally â—…red appoynting him to bee layde in a Coffine of Cypres and to be adorned with princely garmentes hauyng a chayne of golde about his necke and riche ryngs on his fingers And to shew what loue and assertion hee bare vnto him in his life time the Kyng caused the Coffine to bee opened that hee mighte beholde his face bared and touche him with hys hands he honored his funerall exequies with hys presence accompanyed with the Countesse of Oxforde mother to the sayde Duke the Archbyshop of Canterburie and many other Byshops Abbots and Priors but of noble men there were very few for they had not yet disgested the enuie and hatred whiche they hadde conceyued against hym Froisart In this meane whyle the Duke of Lancaster was in Gascoigne treating with the Lordes of the Countrey and the inhabitantes of the good Townes whiche vtterly refused to receyue hym otherwise than as a Lieutenaunte or substitute to the Kyng of England and in the ende addressed messengers into Englande to signifie to the Kyng that they hadde bin accustomed to be gouerned by Kings The Gascoyns â—…de vnto K. Rich signify 〈◊〉 vnto hym 〈◊〉 ought 〈◊〉 to be deâ—…ed from 〈◊〉 â—…wne and meant not now to become subiectes to any other contrary to all reason sith the King could not sauing his othe alyene them from the Crowne The Duke of Lancaster vsed all wayes hee mighte deuise howe to winne theyr good willes and hadde sente also certayne of his trustie counsellors ouer hither into Englande as Sir William Perreer Sir Peter Clifton two clearkes learned in the lawe the one called master Iohn Hucch and the other master Iohn Richardes a Chanon of Leycester to pleade and solicite hys cause but to bee briefe suche reasons were shewed and suche matter vnfolded by the Gascoignes why they ought not bee separated from the Crowne of England that finally notwithstanding the Duke of Gloucester and certayne other were againste them it was decreed that the Countrey and Duchie of Aquitayne shoulde remayne still in demayne of the Crowne of Englande The graunt of the duchie of Aquitayne to the duke of Lancaster reuoked least that by thys transportyng thereof it myghte fortune in tyme that the heritage thereof shoulde fall into the handes of some straunger and enimie to the Englishe nation so that then the homage and soueraignetie mighte perhappes be lost for euer Indeede the Duke of Gloucester beeyng a Prince of an hygh minde and loth to haue the Duke of Lancaster at home being so hyghly in the Kyngs fauoure coulde haue beene well pleased that hee shoulde haue enioyed hys gifte for that hee thoughte thereby to haue borne all the rule about the Kyng for the Duke of Yorke was a man rather coueting to lyue in pleasure than to deale with muche businesse and the weightie affayres of the Realme Aboute the same tyme or somewhat before the Kyng sente an Ambassade to the Frenche Kyng the Archebyshoppe of Dublin the Earle of Rutlande the Earle Marshall Ambassadours sente into France to treat a mariage betvvene K. Richarde and the French kings daughter the Lorde Beaumonde the Lorde Spencer the Lorde Clifforde named Lewes and twentie knightes with fortie Esquiers The cause of theyr going ouer was to intreate of a marriage to be had betwixt hym and the Lady Isabell daughter to the French king shee beeyng as then not past an eighte yeares of age whiche before hadde beene promised vnto the Duke of Britaignes sonne but in consideration of the greate benefite that was lykely to ensue by thys communication and alliance with Englande there was a meane founde to vndoe that knotte though not presently These Englishe Lordes at their comming to Paris were ioyfully receyued and so courteously entertayned banqueted feasted and cherished and that in most honorable sorte as nothyng coulde bee more all their charges and expenses were borne by the Frenche Kyng and when they shoulde departe they receyued for aunswere of theyr message very comfortable wordes and so with hope to haue their matter spedde they returned But nowe when the Duke of Lancaster had by laying foorthe an inestimable masse of treasure purchased in a manner the good willes of them of Aquitayne Tho. VVals and compassed hys whole desire hee was suddaynely
countermaunded home by the King and so to satisfie the kings pleasure hee returned into Englande and commyng to the Kyng at Langley where hee helde hys Christmas was receyued with more honor than loue as was thoughte wherevpon 1396 hee roade in all hast that might be to Lincolne where Katherine Swinforde as then laye whome shortly after the Epiphanie hee tooke to wife This woman was borne in Haynaulte daughter to a Knighte of that Countrey called sir Paou de Ruer shee was broughte vp in hir youth The Duke of Lancaster marieth a Ladye â—…a meane estate whome he had kept as his concubine in the Duke of Lancasters houses and attended on his first wife the Duchesse Blanche of Lancaster and in the dayes of his seconde wyfe the duchesse Constance he kept the foresaid Katherin to his Concubine who afterwardes was married to a Knight of England named Swinford that was nowe deceassed Before shee was married the Duke had by hir three children two sonnes and a daughter one of the sonnes highte Thomas de Beaufort and the other Henry who was brought vp at Aken in Almaine prooued a good Lawyer and was after Byshoppe of Winchester For the loue that the Duke had to these his children he married their mother y e sayd Katherine Swinfort being now a widow wherof men maruelled muche considering hir meane estate was farre vnmeete to matche with hys highnesse and nothing comparable in honor to his other two former wiues And indeede the great Ladies of EnglaÌ„d as the Duches of Gloucester the Countesses of Derby Arundell and others discended of the bloud royall greately disdeyned that she should be matched with y e Duke of Lancaster and by that meanes be accompted seconde person in the Realme and preferred in roomth afore them and therefore they sayde that they woulde not come in anye place where shee should be present for it should be a shame to them that a woman of so base birthe and Concubine to the Duke in his other wiues dayes shoulde goe and haue place before them The Duke of Gloucester also being a man of an high minde and stoute stomacke misliked with his brothers matching so meanely but the Duke of Yorke bare it well ynough and verily the Lady hir selfe was a woman of suche bringing vp and honorable demeanor that enuie coulde not in the ende but giue place to well deseruing Wicleuistes encrease About this season the doctrine of Iohn Wickliffe still mightely spred abroade heere in Englande and the scisme also still continued in the Churche betwixt the two factions of Cardinals Frenche and Romanes for one of their Popes coulde no sooner be dead but that they ordeyned an other in his place In this eighteenth yeare also was a wonderfull tempest of winde in the monethes of Iuly and August and also most specially in September by violence whereof in sundry places of this Realme greate and wonderfull hurte was done both in Churches and houses The Ambassadors that hadde bin lately in Fraunce about the treatie of the marriage as before you haue heard 〈…〉 An. reg 〈◊〉 A trâ—… 〈…〉 yeres bâ—… England and Fraunce Tho. VVâ—… wente thither 〈◊〉 so after that the two Kings by sending 〈◊〉 fro were light vppon certaine poyntes 〈◊〉 â—…nauntes of agreemente the Earle Maâ—… letters of procuration married the Lady 〈◊〉 in name of King Richarde so that from thâ—… forth she was called Queene of England Amongst other couenauntes and Articles of this marriage there was a truce accorded to â—…dure betwixt the two Realmes of England and Fraunce for tearme of thirtie yeares The Pope wrote to king Richard besieching him to assist the Prelates againste the Lâ—…s as they tearme them whome hee pronounceâ—… be traytors both to the Church and Kingdome and therefore hee besoughte him to take order for the punishmente of them whome the Prelates should denounce to be Heretikes The same time The Popes 〈◊〉 to 〈…〉 the Wâ—… hee sente a Bull reuocatâ—… concerning religious men that had either at hys hands or at the handes of his Legates or Nâ—…cios purchased to be his Chaplaines accompting themselues thereby exempt from their order so that nowe they were by this reuocatorie Bull appointed to returne to their order and to obserue all rules thereto belonging This liked the Fâ—…ers well namely the Minors that sought by all meanes they mighte deuise how to bring theyr breethren home againe which by suche exemptions in being the Popes Chaplayne were segregate and deuided froÌ„ the residue of their brethren K. Rich gâ—… ouer to Câ—… The King in this tweÌ„tith yere of his raigne went ouer to Calice with his vncles the Dukes of Yorke and Gloucester and a greate manie of other Lordes and Ladies of honor and thyther came to him the Duke of Burgoigne and so they communed of the peace There was no enimie to the conclusion thereof but the Duke of Gloucester who shewed well by his words that he wished rather war than peace in so muche as the King stoode in doubt of him least hee woulde procure some rebellion againste him by his subiects whome he knewe not to fauor greatly thys new aliaunce with Fraunce The King after the Duke of Burgoigne had talked with him throughly of all things and was departed from him returned into Englande leauing y e Ladyes still at Calais to open the couenauntes of the marriage and peace vnto his subiects and after hee hadde finished with that businesse and vnderstoode theyr myndes hee went againe to Calais and with him hys two Vncles of Lancaster and Gloucester and dyuers Prelates and Lordes of the Realme and shortly after came the Frenche Kyng to the bastide of Arde accompanyed with the Dukes of Burgoigne Berrie Britaigne and Burbonne The 〈◊〉 of the â—…vievv 〈◊〉 King 〈◊〉 and 〈…〉 Kyng There were set vp for the king of Englande aright faire and riche pauillion a little beyonde Guysnes within the English pale and an other the lyke pauillion was pight vp for the Frenche king on this syde Arde within the Frenche dominion Fabian so that betweene the sayde Pauillions was the distaunce of .lxx. paces and in the midwaye betwixte them bothe was ordeyned the thyrde Pauillion at the whyche bothe Kings comming from eyther of theyr Tentes sundrye tymes shoulde meete and haue communication togyther The distance betwixte the two tentes was beset on eyther side in tyme of the enterview with knights armed with theyr swordes in their hands Froissart that is to say on the one side stood .iiij. C. French knights in armure with swords in their hands on the other side foure hundred English knightes armed with swordes in theyr handes making as it were a lane betwixte them through the whiche the two kings came and mette Fabian wyth suche noble men as were appoynted to attende them And a certaine distance from the two first pauillions were appointed to stande suche companies of men as either of them by appointment had couenanted
scrupulositie as if they might not with safe consciences bee presente where iudgement of bloud shoulde passe they appoynted a laye man to be their prolocutor to serue that turn To conclude at length all maner of Charters of pardon were made voyde The charters of pardon granâ—…ted to the leads â—…de voide by Pâ—…ent for that the same seemed to impeach the suretie of the Kings person When sir Iohn Bushy and his associats had obteined that reuocation it was further by them declared that the Erle of Arundel had yet a other speciall charter of pardon for his owne person which he had obteined after the first And therfore sir Io. Bushy earnestly requisted in inâ—…re of the Communaltie that the same might likewyse be reuoked The question then was asked of the bishops who declared themselues to be of the lyke opinion touching that Charter as they were of the other At that selfe tyme tâ—…e Archbishop of Canterbury absented himselfe from the Parliament Tho. VVals in hope that the king woulde be his friende and stande his verie good Lorde for that he had promised nothing should be done against 〈◊〉 the parliament whilest he was absent but neuerthelesse The archbishop of Canterbury condempned to perpetuall banishment .vi. dayes hath Grafton at the importunate suite of the sayd sir Iohn Bushy and others the Archbishop was condemned vnto perpetuall exile and apoynted to auoyd the realme within six weekes And therwith the king sente secretly to the Pope for order that the Archebishoppe might be remoued from his sea to some other whiche suite was obteyned and Roger Walden Lorde Treasoner was ordeyned Archbishop in his place as after shal appeare The Earle of Arundell areigreigned On the frast day of Saint Matthewe Rich. Fitz Aâ—…leyn Earle of Arundel was broughte foorthe to swere before the king and whole Parliamente to suche Articles as he was to be charged with And as he stoode at the barre The Duke of Lancaster highe Stevvarde of England at this arreinement the Lorde Neuill was commaunded by the Duke of Lancaster which sate that day as high steward of Englande to take the hoode from his necke and the gyrdle from his waste Then the Duke of Lancaster declared vnto him that for his manyfolde rebellions and treasons against the kings maiestie he hadde bin arrested and hytherto kepte in warde and nowe at the petition of the Lordes and commons he was called to aunswere suche crimes as were there to be obiected agaynst him and so to purge himselfe or else to suffer for his offences suche punishement as lawe appointed Fyrst he charged him for that he had trayterously ridde in armour against the king in companye of the duke of Gloucester and of the Erle of Warwike to the breache of peace and disquieting of the realme His answere herevnto was The Earle of Arundell his aunsvveres to the pointes of his indirement that he didde not this vpon any euill meaning towardes the kings persone but rather for the benefite of the King and realme if it were interpreted aright and taken as it ought to be It was further demaunded of hym why hee procured letters of pardon from the kyng if he knewe hymselfe giltlesse He aunswered that he did not purchase them for any feare he hadde of faultes by him committed but to staye the malicious speache of them that neyther loued the K. nor hym He was agayne asked whether he would denye that he made any such roade with the persones before named and that in companye of them he entred not armed vnto the kings presence against the kings will and pleasure â–ª To this he answered that he coulde not deny it but that he so did Then the speaker sir Iohn Bushy with open mouth besought that iudgemeÌ„t might be had against such a traitour and your faithful coÌ„mons said he to the K. aske and require that so it may be don The Erle turning his head aside quietly said to him not the kings faithfull coÌ„moÌ„s require this but thou and what thou art I knowe Then the eight appellants standing on the other side cast their gloues to him and in prosecuting their appeale which already had bin red offred to fyght with him man to man to iustifye the same Then sayde the Earle if I were at libertie and that it myght so stande with the pleasure of my Soueraigne I woulde not refuse to proue you all lyers in this behalfe Then spake the duke of Lancaster saying to him What haue you further to say to the pointes before layde against you He answered that of the Kings grace he hadde his letters generall pardon which he required to haue allowed Then the duke told him that the pardon was reuoked by the Prelates and noble men in the parliamente and therefore willed hym to make some other answere The Erle tolde him agayn that he had an other pardon vnder y e kings great seale graunted him long after of the kings owne motion whiche also hee required to be allowed The Duke tolde hym that the same was lykewyse reuoked The Earle of Arundell condemned After this when the Earle had nothing more to saye for himselfe the duke pronounced iudgement against him as in cases of treason is vsed But after he had made an ende and paused a little he sayd The king oure soueraigne Lorde of his mercie and grace bicause thou art of hys bloud and one of the peeres of the realme hath remitted all the other paines sauing the last that is to wit the beheadyng and so thou shalt onely lose thy head and forthwith he was had away and ledde through London vnto the tower hill There went with him to see the execution don vj. great lords of whom there were three Erles Notingham that had maried his daughter KeÌ„t that was his daughters son and Huntington being mounted on greate horsses with a greate companie of armed men the fierce bands of the Cheshire meÌ„ furnished w t axes swerdes bowes arrowes marching before behynde him who only in this parliament had licence to bear weapon as some haue written When he should depart the palaice he desired that his handes might be lewsed to dispose suche money as he had in his purse betwixte that place and Charingcrosse This was permitted and so he gaue suche money as he had in almes with his owne handes but his armes were still bound behynde hym When he came to the Tower hill she 〈◊〉 men that were about him moued him right â—…nestly to acknowledge his treason agaynste the king But heâ—…re no wise wold so doe but mayâ—…teyned that he was neuer traytour to worde in deede and heerewith perceyuing the Earles of Notingham and Kent that stood by with other noble men busy to further the execution being as ye haue heard of kin and alyed to him he spâ—…ke to them and sayd Truly it woulde haue beseemed you rather to haue bin absente than heere at this businesse But the tyme will
Cobham condemned But now to proceede In this Parliament holden at Shrewsburye the Lorde Reignolde Cobham beeing a verye aged manne simple and vpright in all his dealings was condemned for none other cause but for that in the xj yeare of the Kings raigne hee was apointed with other to be attendaunt about the king as one of his gouernors The actes and ordinaunces also deuised and established in the parliament holden in that .xj. yeare were likwise repealed Moreouer in this Parliament at Shrewesbury it was decreed that the Lorde Iohn Cobham shoulde be sente into the Isle of Gernesey there to remaine in exile hauyng a small portion assigned hym to liue vpon The king so wroughte that hee obteyned the whole power of bothe houses to be graunted vnto certaine persones as to Iohn duke of Lancaster Edmunde duke of Yorke Edmunde Duke of Aumerle The auctoritie of bothe houses in parliament grauÌ„ted to certaine persons Tho. duke of Surrey Iohn duke of Excester Iohn Marques Dorset Rog. erle of Marche Io. erle of Salisbury Henry erle of Northumberland Tho. erle of Gloucester Wil. erle of Wiltshire Iohn Hussey Henry Cheimeswick Robert Tey and Io. Goulofer knights Tho. VVals or to .vij. or .viij. of them These were appointed to heare determine certaine petitions and maters yet depending and not ended but by vertue of this graunt they proceeded to conclude vpon other thinges whiche generally touched the knowledge of the whole parliameÌ„t in derogation of the states thereof to the disaduantage of the kyng perillous example in time to come When the king had spente much money in time of this parliameÌ„t he demanded a disme a halfe of the clergie and a .xv. of the temporaltie Finally a generall pardon was graunted for all offences to all the kinges subiects â—…0 only excepted whose names he wold not by any meanes expresse but reserued them to his owne knowledge that when any of the nobilitie offended him he might at his pleasure name him to be one of the number excepted and so keepe them still within his daunger To the ende that the ordinaunces iudgementes and actes made pronounced and established in this Parliamente mighte be and abide in perpetuall strengthe and force the Kyng purchased the Popes 〈◊〉 which were conteined greuous censures â—…ses The king 〈…〉 againâ—… 〈…〉 pronounced agaynst al suche as did 〈◊〉 means go about to break violate the statuteâ—… the same parliamente ordeined These 〈◊〉 were openly published and red at Paules 〈◊〉 in London in other the most publike places of the realme Many other things were 〈◊〉 in this parliameÌ„t to the displeasure of no 〈◊〉 number of people namely Rightfull 〈…〉 for that diuers rightfull heires were disinherited of their lands and liuings by auctoritie of the same parliament with which wrongfull doings the people wâ—… muche offended so that the K. and those that were about him chiefe in counseâ—… come 〈◊〉 greate infamy and slaunder In deede the king after he had dispatched the duke of Gloucestâ—… and the other noble men was not a little 〈◊〉 for that he knewe them still ready to disappoâ—… him in all his purposes therefore being 〈◊〉 as it were carelesse did not behaue hymselfe 〈◊〉 some haue written in such discreete order Polidor at many wished but rather as in time of prosperitie it often happeneth he forgot hymselfe Kyng Richarde his euill gouernement and beganne to rule by will more than by reason threatning deathe to eche one that obeyed 〈◊〉 his inordinate desires by meanes wherof the lords of the realme began to feare their owne estates being in danger of his furious outrage whome they tooke for a manne destitute of sobrietie and wisedome and therefore coulde not like of him that so abused his auctoritie Herevpon there were sundry of the nobles that lamented these mischiefes and specially shewed their griefes vnto such by whose naughty couÌ„sell they vnderstoode the king to be missed and this they did to the ende that they being aboute him might either turne their copies and giue him better couÌ„sell or else he hauing knowledge what euill reporte went of him might amende his maners But all was in vaine for so it fell forthe that in this parliameÌ„t holdeÌ„ at Shrewsbury Henry Duke of Hereford The Duke of Hereforde appealeth the duke of Norfolk of oftetimes accused Tho. Mowbray duke of Norfolke of certaine wordes which he shuld vtter in talke had betwixt them as they roade togyther lately before betwixte London and Brainforde sounding highely to the kings dishonor Thom. VVaâ—… And for further proofe thereof he presented a supplication to the K. wherin he appealed the duke of Norfolke in field of battaile for a traitour false and disloiall to the K. and enimy vnto the realme This supplication was redde beefore bothe the Dukes in presence of the Kyng whiche done the Duke of Norfolke tooke vppon hym to aunswere it declaring that whatsoeuer the Duke of Hereforde hadde sayde agaynste hym other than well hee lyed falsely like an vntrue Knighte as he was And wheÌ„ the king asked of the duke of Hereforde what he saide to it he taking hys hoode off his heade said 〈◊〉 soueâ—… Lorde euen as the supplication whiche I tooke you importeth right so I say to â—…ruthe that Thomas Moubray duke of Norfolke is a traitoâ—… false and disloyall to your toâ—… Maiestie was crowne and to all the sâ—…s of your realme Then the Duke of Norfolke beeyng asked what he said to this he answered Right dâ—… Lord with your fauour that I make aunswere vnto your cousin here I say your reuerence saued that Henry of Lancaster duke of Hereforde like a false and disloyall traitour as he is dothe lye in that he hath or shall say of mee otherwise than well No more saide the Kyng wee haue hearde enough and herewyth commaunded the Duke of Surrey for that tourne Marshall of Englande to arrest in his name the twoo Dukes The Duke of â—…ry Marshal and the Duke of Aumarle câ—…able of Englande the Duke of Lancaster father to the Duke of Hereforde the Duke of Yorke the Duke of Aumarle Constable of Englande and the duke of Surrey Marshal of the realm vndertook as pledges body for body for the duke of Herford but the duke of Norfolke was not suffred to put in pledges and so vnder arrest was led vnto Windsor castel and there garded wyth keepers that were appointed to see hym safely kept Nowe after the dissoluing of the Parliament at Shrewsbury there was a day appointed about a sixe weekes after for the K. to come vnto Winsor to hear and to take some order betwixte the twoo dukes which had thus appealed eche other The order of the proceeding in this appeale There was a greate skaffold erected within the castell of Windsore for the king to sit with the Lordes and Prelates of his realme and so at the day apointed he with the saide lords prelats being come
were compelled to put their hands and seales to certaine blankes whereof yee haue hearde beefore in the whiche when it pleased hym hee might write what hee thought good There was also a newe othe deuised for the sheriffs of euery county through the realme to receiue finally many of the kings liege people were throughe spite 〈…〉 malice 〈◊〉 cased apprehended and put in prison Indirect dealings and after broughts before the constable 〈◊〉 Marshall of Englande in the Courte of Chiâ—…aâ—…yâ—… and myght not otherwise bee deliuered except thâ—… coulde iustifie themselues by 〈◊〉 and fighting in lisâ—… against their acusers haÌ„d to hand although the accusters for the moste parte were lustie yong and baliant where the parties accused were perchaunce olde impotent mained and sirkly Wherevppon not onely the greate distruction of the realme in generall but also of euery singular person in particular was to bee feared and looked for In this meane time the King being aduertised that the wilde Irishe dayly wasted Polidore and destroyed the towâ—…s and â—…ges within the english Palâ—… had slaine many of the souldiours whiche lay there in garison for defence of that county determined to make eftsoones a volage thither and prepared al things necessary for his passage nowe against the spring Pioners set a vvorke to cutte dovvne vvoodes Moreouer there were two thousande .v. C. Pioners set a work to cut down the wooddes and to make passages throughe and so then the englishmen entred and by force got throughe for the Irishmen sore feared the english bowes but yet now and then they espying their aduantage assailed oftentimes the englishmen wyth their darts and slew diuers that went abroade to fetch in forrage The Vncle of Macmur with a wythie or withe about hys necke came in and submitted hymselfe and lykewise many other naked and bare legged so that the Kyng seemyng to pitye theyr myserable state pardoned them and afterward he also sent vnto Macmur promysing that if he woulde come in and require pardon as his vncle had done he would receyue him to mercy but Macmur vnderstanding that for want of victuals the king must needes retire within a shorte time he refused the kinges offer The King wyth his army remaining in those partes .xj. dayes was in the ende constrained to come backe when all their victualls were spent for more than they brought wyth them they could not get They lost many horses in thys iourney for wante of prouision and forrage Macmur seÌ„deth to the king offering a parley As the Kyng was wythdrawen towardes Dubline marching throughe the countrey in despite of his enimies that houered still aboute his army Macmur sent to the Kyng offering to talke of an agreement if it should please him to sende any noble manne to meete hym at a place appointed The Erle of Gloucester The king herevpon commaunded the Erle of Gloucester to take wyth hym twoo hundreth launces and a thousande archers and to go to trie if he might by persuasion cause him to come in and submit himselfe The earle went and coÌ„ming to talk with hym found him so obstinate that their parley straightways brake off so taking leaue eche of other they departed and the Earle retourned to the Kyng to aduertise hym what hee hadde done and perceyued by the communication whiche hee had had with Mâ—…mur The King was sore offended with the obstinatenesse of the rebell that would not agree otherwise but so as he myght remaine still at libertie without daunger to suffer any mâ—… of punishment for his passed offences Wherevppon the king after his comming to Dubâ—… An. reg 〈◊〉 He câ—… to Dublin the 〈…〉 of 〈…〉 Henry Mâ—… saâ—… and that the army hadde rested there and in the countrey nere to the citie for the space of 〈◊〉 daies hee deuided his people into three partes and sent them abroade into the country to pursue the enimies and withall made proclamation that whosoeuer could bring Macmur vnto his presence should haue for his recompence a greate rewarde for he determined not to departe the countrey till he had hym eyther deade or aliue But he knew full little then what incidents to hinder his purposed intention 〈◊〉 after followe The same daye that he sent abroade his â—…my thus into .iij. seuerall partes The Duke of 〈◊〉 the Duke of Aumarle wyth an C. saile arriued of whose comming the king was ryght ioyfull and although he had vsed no small negligence 〈…〉 he came no sooner according to order before appointed yet the king as he was of a genâ—…â—…ture courteously accepted his excuse whâ—… he was in fault or not I haue not to say â–ª but veryly he was greatly suspected that he â—…e not well in tarying so long after his time assigned But nowe whilest the king resteth at Dublin hys people so demeaned themselues that the most parte of the rebells what by manhood and pollicie were subdued and brought vnder subiection and as is to be thought if no trouble vse had risen in Englande to haue called hym backe he ment to haue rid vp the woodes and made some notable conquest at that time vpon the rebelles that yet helde out But whilest he was thus occupied in deuising howe to reduce them into subiection and takyng orders for the good staye and quyet gouernement of the countrey diuers of the nobilitie aswel Prelats as other and likewise many of the magistrats and rulers of the cities Townes and Communaltie here in Englande perceyuing dayly how the realme drewe to vtter ruine not like to be recouered to the former state of wealche whilest king Richarde liued and reigned as they tooke it deuised with great deliberation The Duke of Lanâ—… 〈…〉 and considerate aduise to sende and signifye by letters vnto Duke Henry whome they nowe called as he was in deede Duke of Lancaster and Hereforde requiring hym with all conuenient speede to conueye hymselfe into England promising hym all theyr aide power and assistaunce if he expulsing King Richard as a man not meete for the office he bare would take vpoÌ„ him the scepter rule and diademe of his natiue land and region he therfore being thus called vppon by messengers and letters from hys friends and chiefly through the earnest perswasion of Thomas Arundell late Archbishoppe of Canterburie who as before ye haue heard had bin remoued froÌ„ his sea and banished the realme by king Richardes meanes got hym downe into Britaine togither with the said Archbishop where he was ioyfully receiued of the Duke and Duchesse The duke of Britaâ—… a gâ—… friends 〈◊〉 duke of Lancaster and found such frieÌ„dship at the Dukes handes that there were certaine shippes rigged and made readie for him at a place in base Britaigne called le Porte Blanc as we finde in the Chronicles of Britaigne and when all his prouision was made ready The Duke of Lancaster and his adherences 〈◊〉 Englande he tooke the sea togither with the said Archbishop of Canterburie and hys
nephew Thomas Arundell sonne and heyre to the late Earle of Arundell beheaded at the Tower hill 〈◊〉 to â—…oâ—… There were also with hym Reginalde Lord Cobham Sir Thomas Erpingham and Sir Thomas Ramston knightes Iohn Norbury Roberte Waterton and Frauncis Coint esquiers few else were there for as some write he had not past a .xv. launces as they tearmed them in those dayes Tho. VVals that is to wit men of armes furnished and appointed as the vse then was yet other write Châ—…s that the duke of Britaigne deliuered vnto hym three thousand men of warre to attende hym and that he had .viij. ships well furnished for the warre wher Froissart yet speaketh but of three Froissart Moreouer where Froissarte and also the Chronicles of Britaine auouche that he should lande at Plimmouth Th. VVals by our English writers it seemeth otherwise for it appeareth by their assured reporte that he approching to the shore did not straight take lande but laye aloofe houering and shewed himselfe nowe in this place and nowe in that to see what countenaunce was made by the people whether they meante enuiouslie to resiste him or friendely to receyue him When the lorde gouernour Edmond duke of Yorke was aduertised that the duke of Lancaster kepte still the sea and was ready to arriue but where hee meant first to sette foote a lande there was not any that vnderstoode the certaintie hee sente for the Lorde Chauncellour â—…sell takeÌ„ by the duke of Yorke Lorde 〈◊〉 of Englande how to deale agaynste the duke of Lancaster Edmonde Stafforde Bishoppe of Exeter and for the Lorde Treasurer Wyllyam Scrope Earle of Wiltshire and other of the Kynges priuy counsell as Iohn Bushye Wyllyam Bagot Henrye Greene and Iohn Russell Knightes of these he required to knowe what they thought good to bee done in this matter concerning the Duke of Lancaster beeyng on the Seas Theyr aduise was to depart from London vnto Sainct Albons and there to gather an armye to resist the Duke in his landing but to howe small purpose theyr counsell serued the conclusion thereof plainely declared for the moste parte that were called The commoÌ„ deny to resiste the Duke of Lancaster when they came thither boldely protested that they woulde not fight againste the Duke of Lancaster whome they knewe to bee euill dealte with The Lorde Treasorer Bushye Bagot and Greene perceyuyng that the commons woulde cleane vnto and take parte wyth the Duke slipped away leauing the Lorde gouernour of the Realme and the Lorde Chauncellour to make what shift they coulde for themselues Bagot got hym to Chester and so escaped into Irelande the other fledde to the Castell of Bristowe in hope there to bee in safetye At his commyng vnto Doncaster the Erle of Northumberlande and his sonne Sir Henrie Percy wardens of the Marches agaynste Scotland with the Earle of Westâ—… lande came vnto hym The Duke of LaÌ„casters othe to the Lords that ayded hym where hee sware vnto those Lordes that hee woulde demaund no more but the landes that were to hym discended by inheritance from hys father and in right of his wife Moreouer hee vndertooke to cause the payment of taxes and â—…allages to bee sayde downe and to bring the King to good gouernemente and to remoue from hym the Cheshire menne which were enuyed of many for that the Kyng esteemed of them more than of any other happely bycause they were more faythfull to hym than other readye in all respectes to obey hys commaundements and pleasure From Doncaster hauing now gote a mightie armie about hym hee marched forth with all speede through the Countreys comming by Euesham vnto Berkeley within the space of three dayes all the Kyngs Castels in those parties were surrendred vnto hym The Duke of Yorke whome King Richard had left as gouernour of the Realme in hys absence hearing that his nephewe the Duke of Lancaster was thus arriued and had gathered an armye The harts of the commons wholly addicted to the Duke of Lancaster hee also assembled a puissant power of men of armes and archers as before yee haue hearde but all was in vayne for there was not a man that willingly woulde thrust out one arrow against the Duke of Lancaster or his partakers or in any wise offende him or his friends The Duke of Yorke therefore passing forthe towardes Wales to meete the Kyng at hys commyng forth of Irelande was receyued into the Castell of Barkeley and there remayned til the comming thither of the Duke of Lancaster whome when he perceyued that hee was not able to resist on the Sonday after the feast of Saint Iames whiche as that yeare came about fell vpon the Friday he came forth into the Church that stoode without the Castel and there communed with the Duke of Lancaster with the Duke of Yorke were the Byshops of Norwiche the Lord Barkeley the Lord Seymour and other with the Duke of Lancaster were these Thomas Arundell Archbyshop of Canterburie that had bin banished the Abbot of Leicester the Erles of NrothumberlaÌ„d and Westmeâ—…and Thomas Arundel son to Richard late Erle of AruÌ„del y e Baron of Greistock the Lords Willoughby and Ros with diuers other lords Knightes and other people which daily came to him froÌ„ euery part of the Realm those that came not were spoyled of all they had so as they were neuer able to recouer themselues againe for their goodes being then taken away were neuer restored thus what for loue what for fear of losse they came flocking vnto him from euery part At y e same present ther wer arested comitted to safe custodie the B. of Norwiche Sir Wil. Elmam Sir Walter Burley Knights Laâ—…rente Drew and Iohn Golofer Esquiers The Duke of Lancaster â—…cheth 〈◊〉 Bristowe The morow after y e foresayd Dukes w t their power wente towardes Bristow where at their comming they shewed theÌ„selues before y e towne and Castell beeing an huge multitude of people The Souldiers being well bente to fighte in his defence besoughte him to be of good cheere promising with an othe to stand with hym againste the Duke and all his partakers vnto death but this coulde not encourage him at all so that in the nyght nexte ensuing King Richard stealeth away from his army and taketh the Castell of Flint he stale from his armye and with the Dukes of Exeter and Surrey the Byshop of Careleil and Sir Stephen Scrope and about halfe a score of others hee gote him to the Castell of Comwey where hee founde the Earle of Salisburie determining there to holde himselfe till he might see y e worlde at some better stay for what counsell to take to remedie the mischiefe thus pressing vppon hym hee wist not On the one parte hee knewe hys title iust true and infallible and his conscience cleane pure and without spotte of enuie or malice he had also no small affiance in the Welchmen and Cheshire men On the other
Earle of Northumberlande that he for insufficiencie which doe knewe himselfe to bee of to occupie to greate a charge as to gouerne the Realme of Englande he would gladly leaue off and renounce his â—…ight title as well of that as of his â—…le to the crowne of Fraunce and his maiestie royall vnto Henrie Duke of Hereforde and that to doe in such conuenient wife as by the learned men of this lande it shoulde most sufficiently be deuised and ordeyned To the whiche rehearsall the king in ouer sayde presences answered beningly and said that such promise he made and so to doe the same he was at that houre in ful purpose to performe and fulfill sauing that he desired first to haue personal speache with the sayde Duke and with the archbishop of Canterburie his cousins And further he desired to haue a bill drawne of the sayd resignation that he might bee perfite in the rehearsall thereof After which â—…il drawne a copie therof to him by me the saye Erle deliuered we the sayd Lords and other departed and vpon the same after noone the king loking for the coÌ„ming of the duke of LaÌ„caster at the last the sayd duke with the Archb. of Cant. and the persones afore recited entred the foresayde Chamber bringing wyth them the Lords Roos Burgeyny and Willoughâ—… with diuerse other Where after due obeysance done do theÌ„ vnto the king hee familiarly and with a glad countenance as to them and vs appeared talked with the sayde Archbishop and Duke a good season and that communicatioÌ„ finished the king with glad countenance in presence of vs and the other aboue rehearsed sayde openly that he was readie to renounce and resigne all his kingly Maiestie in maner and forme as hee before had promised And although he had and might sufficiently haue declared his renouncement by the reading of an other meane person yet for the more fiftene of the matter and for that the sayd resignation shoulde haue his full force and strength himselfe therfore read the scroll of resignation in maister and forme as followeth IN the name of God Amen The tenor of the instrumeÌ„t wherby king Richard resigneth the crowne to the D. of Lancaster I Richard by the grace of God king of Englande and of Fraunce 〈◊〉 Lorde of Irelande 〈…〉 aâ—…soyle all Archbishops Bishoppes and other Prelates secular or religious of what dignitie degree state oâ—… condition so euer they 〈◊〉 of and also al Dukes Marquesâ—… Erles 〈◊〉 Lordes and all my liege men both spirituall and secular of what maner or degree they 〈◊〉 from their othe de fealtie and homage and all other deedes also priuiledges made vnto me and from all manner bondes of allegiance regalme and lordshippe 〈◊〉 which they were or be bounden to mee or any otherwise constrayned and them then heyres and successors for euermore from the same bandes and othes I release deliuer and acqâ—…e and set them for free dissolued and acquiâ—…ite and to â—…re harmelesse for as much as longeth to my person by any maner way or tytle of right that to mee might follow of the foresayde things or any of them And also I resigne all my kingly dignitie Maiestie and crowne with all the Lordshippes power and priuiledges to the foresayde kingly dignitie and Crowne belonging and all other Lordshippes and possessions to me in any maner of wise perteyning what name or condition they be of except the landes and possessions for mee and mine obite purchased and bought And I renounce all right and all maner of title of possession which I euer had or haue in the same lordshippes and possessions or any of them with any maner of rightes belonging or apperteyning vnto anye parte of them And also the rule and gouernaunce of the same kingdome and Lordshippes with all ministrations of the same and all things and euerye eche of them that to the whole Empyre and iurisdictions of the same belongeth of right or in any wise may belong And also I renounce the name worship regaltie and kingly highnesse clearly freely singularly and wholy in the most best maner and fourme that I may and wyth deede and worde I leaue off and resigne them and goe from them for euermore sauing alwayes to my successours kings of Englande all the rightes priuiledges and appurtenaunces to the sayde kingdome and Lordships abouesayde belonging and apperteyning For well I wote and knowledge and deeme my selfe to bee and haue beene vnsufficient and vnable and also vnprofitable and for my open desertes not vnworthie to bee put downe And I sweare vpon the holy Euangelysts here presently with my handes touched that I shall neuer repugne to this resignation demission or yeelding vp nor neuer impugne them in any manner by worde or by deede by my selfe nor by none other nor I shall not suffer it to bee impugned in as much as in mee is priuily or apert But I shall haue holde and keepe this renouncing dimission and leauing vp for fyrme and stable for euermore in all and euery part thereof so God mee helpe and all Saintes and by this holy Euangelist by me bodily touched and kissed And for more recorde of the same here openly I subscribe and signe this present resignation with mine owne hande And forthwith in our presences and other be subscribed the same and after deliuered it vnto the Archbishop of Caunterburie saying that if it were in his power or at his assignment hee woulde that the Duke of Lancaster there present should be his successour and King after him And in token hereof hee tooke a Ring of gold from his finger being his Signet and put it vpon the sayde Dukes finger desiring and requyring the Archebishoppe of Yorke and the Byshoppe of Hereforde to shewe and make reporte vnto the Lordes of the Parliament of his voluntarie resignation and also of his intent and gâ—… minde that hee bare towardes his cousin the Duke of Lancaster to haue him hys Successour and theyr King after him And thys done euery man tooke theyr leaue and returned to theyr owne Vpon the Morrowe after beeing Tuesday and the last day of September all the Lords spirituall and temporall with the Commons of the sayde Parliament assembled at Westmynster where in the presence of them the Archbishoppe of Yorke and the Bishoppe of Hereforde according to the Kings request shewed vnto them the voluntarie renouncing of the king with the fauor also whiche he bare to his cousin of Lancaster for to haue him his successor And moreouer shewed vnto them the scedule or byll of renouncement signed with king Rychardes owne hand which they caused to be read first in Latine as it was written and after in Englishe This done the question was first asked of the Lordes if they would admit and allow that renouncement K. Richarde resâ—â— confirmed by the parliament The which when it was of them graunted and confirmed the like question was asked of the commons and of them in like maner confirmed After
this it was then declared that notwithstanding the foresayde renouncing so by the Lords and Commons admitted and confirmēd it were necessarie in auoyding of all suspitions and surmises of euill disposed persons to haue in wryting and registred the manifolde crymes and defaults before done by K. Ri. to y e ende that they might first bee openly declared to the people and after to remaine of recorde amongst other of the kings recordes for euer which was done accordingly for the articles which before ye haue heard were drawne and engrossed vp and there shewed ready to be read but for other causes more needful as thē to be preferred the reading of those articles at that season was deferred Then forasmuch as the Lordes of the Parliament had well considered the voluntarie resignation of king Richarde and that it was behouefull and as they thought necessary for the weale of the realme to proceede vnto the sentence of his deposing there were appoynted by the authoritie of al the estates there in Parliamēt assembled the Bishop of Saint Asaph the Abbot of Glastenburie the Erle of Gloucester the Lorde Berkley William Thirning iustice and Tho. Expingham Th. Gray knights y t they shuld giue pronoūce the opē sentence of the deposing of king Richarde Wherevpon the sayde Commissioners taking counsaile togither by good and deliberate aduise therein had with one assent agreed that the B. of S. Asaph shoulde publish the sentence for them and in their names as followeth IN the name of God Amen We Iohn B. of S. Asaph The publica◅io◅ of King Richards deposing Iohn Abbot of Glastenburie Thomas erle of Gloucester Thomas L. Barkley Wil. Thirninge Iustice Thomas Erpingham and Thomas Gray knights chosē deputed speciall cōmissaries by the thre estates of thys present Parliament representing the whole body of the realme for all such matters by the sayde estates to vs committed we vnderstanding considering the manifold crymes hurts and harmes done by Richarde king of England and misgouernance of the same by a long time to the great decay of the sayd land and vtter ruine of the same shortly to haue bin had not the speciall grace of our God therevnto put the sooner remedie and also furthermore aduerting that the sayd king Richard by acknowledging his own insufficiencie hath of his owne mere volunte and free will renounced and giuen ouer the rule and gouernance of this lande with all rights and honors vnto the same belonging and vtterly for his merites hath iudged himselfe not vnworthily to be deposed of all kingly Maiestie and estate roial We the premisses well considering by good and diligent deliberation by the power name and authoritie to vs as aboue is said committed pronounce discern and declare the same king Richard before this to haue bin and to be vnprofitable vnable vnsufficient vnworthy to the rule and gouernaunce of the foresayde realmes and Lordships and of all rights and other the appurtenances to the same belonging And for the same causes we depriue him of al kingly dignitie and worship and of any kingly worship in himself And we depose him by our sentence definitiue forbidding expresly to all Archbishops Bishops all other prelates dukes Marquesses Erles Barons and Knights and al other men of the foresayde kingdome and Lordships subiects and lieges whatsoeuer they be that none of them from this day forward to the foresayd Richard as K. lord of the foresaid realmes and lordships be neither obedient nor attendant After which sentence thus openly declared the said estates admitted forthwith the forenamed cōmissioners for their procurators to resigne and yeeld vp vnto king Richard al their homage and fealty which in times past they had made ought vnto him and also for to declare vnto him if need were all thinges before done that concerned the purpose and cause of his deposing the which resignation was respited till the morow folowing Immediatly as the sentence was in this wise passed that by reason therof the realm stood void without head or gouernor for the time the Duke of Lancaster rising from the place where he before sate and standing where all those in the house might behold him in reuerent maner made a sign of the crosse on his forehed likewise on his brest after silence by an officer cōmaūded said vnto y e people there being present these words following IN the name of the father and of the son The Duke of Lancaster claymeth the Crowne and of the holy ghost I Henrie of Lancaster clayme the realme of England and the crowne with all the appurtenances as I that am discended by right line of the bloud cōming frō that good Lord king Henrie the thirde and through the right that God of his grace hath sent to me with the helpe of my kyn and of my friends to recouer the same which was in poynt to be vndone for default of good gouernance and due iustice After whiche words thus by him vttered he returned and sate him down in the place where before he had sitten After the Archbishop had ended wishing that it might so come to passe the people answered Amen The wordes of the elected king The king then standing on his feet said vnto the Lordes and Cōmons there present I thanke you my Lordes both spirituall and temporal and all the states of this lande and doe you to witte that it is not my will that any man thinke that I by the way of conquest would disinherite any man of his heritage franches or other ryghtes that him ought to haue of right nor for to putte him out of that which he now enioyeth and hath had before time by custome of good law of thys realme except such priuate persons as haue beene against the good purpose and the common profit of the realme When hee had thus ended then all the Sherifes and other officers were put in their authorities againe to exercise the same as before whiche they could not doe whilest the kings royal throne was voyde Tho. VVals Moreouer a Proclamation was made that the states shoulde assemble againe in Parliament on Monday then next ensuing beeing the feast day of S. Fayth whiche is the sixt of October and that the Monday then next following being the .xiij. of the same Moneth and the feast day of Saint Edward the king The coronatiō proclaymed and Confessor the coronation should be solemnised and that al such as had to clayme any seruice to be done by them at the same by any tenure they shoulde come to the white Hall in the kings Palace afore the steward Marshall and Conestable of Englande on Saterday next before the same day of y e Parliamēt The parliamēt and presenting their petitions that were due and rightfull they should obteyne that to them apperteyned Excuse was also made on the kings behalfe for calling a Parliament vpon so short a warning so as the knights and Burgesses were not chaunged but
treatises of hystoricall matters the oâ—…e intituled Chronicon 40 annorum the other Chronicon 60. an Simon Bredon borne in Winchcombe a doctor of Phisicke and a skilfull Astronomer Iohn Thompson borne in Norffolk in a village of that name and a Carmelite frier in Blackney Thomas Winterton borne in Lincolnshyre and an Augustine Frier in Stamford William Packington Secretarie sometime to the blacke Prince an excelleÌ„t historiographer Geffray HinghaÌ„ a ciuilian Iohn Botlesham borne in Cambridgeshire a black Frier William Badby a Carmelite frier Bishop of Worcester and confessor to the Duke of Lancaster William Folleuille a Frier minor borne in Lincolnshire Iohn Bourgh parson of CollinghaÌ„ in NotinghaÌ„shire a doct of diuinity and Chancellor of the vniuersitie of Cambridge William Sclade a Monke of Buckefast Abbay in Deuonshire Iohn Thoresbie Archbishop of Yorke and Lord Chauncellor of England was admitted by Pope Vrbane the fifth into the Colledge of Cardinals but he died before K. Richard came to the Crowne aboute the .xlviij. yeare of king Edwarde the thirde in the yeare of our lord 1374. Thomas Ashborne an Augustine Frier Iohn Astone an earnest follower of Wicklifes doctrine and therefore condemned to perpetuall prison Casterton a Monke of Norwiche and an excellent diuine Nicholas Radclife a monke of S. Albones Iohn Ashwarby a diuine and a fauorer of Wicklifs doctrine Richard Maydston so called of the towne in Kent where hee was borne a Carmelite Frier of Aylefford Iohn Wardby an Augustine Frier and a great diuine Robert Waldby excellently learned as well in diuinitie as other artes Adunerfis Episcopus for the which he was first aduaunced to a Bishoprike in Gascoigne and after he was admitted Archbishoppe of Dubline William Berton a doctor of diuinitie and ChaÌ„cellor of the Vniuersitie of Oxford an aduersarie to Wicklif Philip RepingtoÌ„ Abbot of Leycester a notable diuine defeÌ„der of Wicklife Thomas Lombe a Carmelite Frier of Lynne Nicholas Hereford a secular priest a doctor of diuinitie and scholer to Wicklife Walter Britte also another of Wicklifs scholers wrote both of diuinitie and other arguments Henry Herkley Chauncellour of the vniuersitie of Oxford an enimie to Wicklife and a great Sophister Robert Iuorie a Carmelite Frier of London and the .xx. prouinciall of his order here in Englande Lankine a Londoner an Augustine Frier professed in the same Citie a doctor of diuinitie an aduersarie to Wicklife Wil. Gillingham a Monke of Saint Sauiours in Canterburie Iohn Chilmarke a fellow of Marton Colledge in Oxford a great Philosopher and Mathemetician Iohn Sharpe a Philosopher and a diuine wrote many treatises a great aduersarie to Wicklife Richard Lauingham borne in Suffolke and a Frier of Gipswich an excellent Logitian but a sore enimie to theÌ„ that fauored Wicklifes doctrine Peter Pateshull of whom ye haue heard before it is sayde that hee was in the ende constrayned for doubt of persecution to flie into Boheme William Woodforde a Franciscane Frier a chosen champion agaynst Wicklife beeing nowe dead procured thereto by the Archbishop of Canterburie Thomas Arundell Iohn Bromyard a Dominicke Frier both a notable lawyer and a diuine a sore enimie also to the Wicklinistes Marcill Ingelne an excellent Philosopher and a diuine one of the first teachers of the Vniuersitie of Heydelberg which Robert duke of Baniere and Counte Palatine of the Rhine had instituted about that season Richarde Northall sonne to a Maior of London as is sayd of that name he became a Carmelite Frier in the same Citie Thomas Edwardson Prior of the Frier Augustines at Clare in Suffolke Iohn Sommer a Franciscan Frier at Bridgewater an enimie to the Wickliuistes Richard Withe a learned Priest and an earnest follower of Wicklif Iohn Swafham a Carmelite Frier of Linne a student in Cambridge and became bishop of Bangor a great aduersarie to the Wickliuists William Egumonde a Frier Ermite of the sect of the Augustines in Stamford Iohn Tyssington a Franciscane Frier a mainteyner of the Popes doctrine William Rymston or Rimington a Monke of Salley an enimie also to the Wicklinistes Adam Eston well seene in the tongues was made a Cardinall by Pope Gregorie the xi but by Pope Vrban the sixt he was committed to prison in Genoa but at the contemplation of king Richarde he was taken out of prison but not fully delyuered till the dayes of Boniface the ix who restored him to his former dignitie Iohn Beaufu a Carmelite of Northamton proceeded doctor of Diuinitie in Oxforde and was made Prior of his house Roger Twiford alias Good-luck an Augustine Frier Iohn Trenise a Cornish man borne and a secular Priest Vicar of Berkley he translated the Byble Bart. de Propriâ—…tatibus Polichron of Ranulfe Higeden and diuerse other treatises Raufe Spalding a Carmelite Frier of StaÌ„ford Iohn Moone an Englishman borne but a student in Paris who compyled in the Frenche tongue the Romant of the Rose translated into English by Geffrey Chaucer William Shirborn Richard Wichingham borne in Norffolke and diuerse other King Henrie the fourth H. the fourth WHen king Richarde had resigned as before is specified the scepter crown HeÌ„rie PlaÌ„tagenet borne at Bullingbroke in y e countie of Lincolne duke of Lancaster Heref. erle of Derby Leycester Lincolne son to Iohn of Gant duke of Lancaster with generall consent both of the lords commons was published proclamed and declared king of England and of France lorde of Ireland the last day of September in the yeare of the world .5366 of our Lord .1399 of the raigne of the Emperor Wenceslaus the .22 of Charles the sixt king of Fraunce the .xx. and the tenth of Robert the third king of Scottes 〈◊〉 officers 〈◊〉 Forthwith he made certaine new officers And first in right of his Erledome of Leicester he gaue the office of high steward of England belonging to the same Erledome vnto his second sonne the Lord Thomas who by his fathers coÌ„maundemeÌ„terexercised that office being assited by reason of his tender age by Thomas Percy Earle of Worcester The Erle of Northumberland was made Conestable of England sir Iohn Scyrley Lord Chauncellor Iohn Norburie Esquier L. Treasorer sir Richard Clifford lord priuie seale Forasmuch as by king Richards resignation the admitting of a newe king all pleas in euery Court and place were ceassed and without daye discontinued now writtes were made for summoning of the Parliament vnder the name of king Henrie the fourth â—…e parliameÌ„t â—…mmoned the same to be holden as before was appointed on Monday next ensuing â—…d Turris Vpon the fourth day of October the Lorde Thomas seconde Sonne to the King satte as Lorde high stewarde of Englande by the kings commaundement in the Whitehall of the kings Palace at Westminster and as belonged to his office he cause inquitie to be made what offices were to be exercised by any maner of persons the day of the kings coronation and what fees were belonging to the same causing proclamation to be made
that what noble man or other that could claime any office that day of the solemnising the kings coronation they should come and put in their bylles comprehending their demaundes Where vpon diuerse offices and fees were claymed Clayming of offices at the coronation as well by billes as otherwise by speeche of mouth in fourme as here ensueth First the Lord Henrie the kings eldest sonne to whom he as in right of his Duchie of Lancaster had appointed that office claimed to beare before the king the principall sword called Curtana Curtana and had his suyt graunted Iohn Erle of Somerset The Earle of Sommerset to whom the king as in right of his Erledome of Lincoln had granted to be Caruer the day of his coronation claymed that office and had it confirmed Henrie Percie Erle of Northumberland The Earle of Northūberlād and high Conestable of England by the kings grant claymed that office and obteyned it to enioy at pleasure The same Earle in right of the I le of Man The Isle of Manne which at that present was graunted to him and to his heyres by the king claimed to beare on the kings left side a naked sworde with whiche the King was gyrded when before his coronation hee entred as Duke of Lancaster into the parties of Holdernesse Lancaster sword which sworde was called Lancasters sworde Rauf Erle of Westmerland The Earle of Westmerland Erle Marshal of England by the kings grant claymed y e same office and obteyned it notwithstanding that the attorneys of the duke of Norffolke The Duke of Norfolke presented to the Lord steward their petition on the dukes behalfe as Erle Marshal to exercise the same Sir Thomas Erpinghā knight Sir Thomas Erpingham exercised the office of Lord great Chamberleyn and gaue water to the king when he washed both before after dinner hauing for his fees the Bafon Ewer and Towels with other things whatsoeuer belonging to his office notwithstanding Aubrey de Veer Erle of Oxford put in his petitions to haue that office as due to him from his auncesters Thomas Beauchampe Earle of Warwicke by right of inheritance The Earle of Warwicke bare the thirde sworde before the king and by lyke right was Panter at the coronation Sir William Argentine knight Sir William Argentyne by reason of the tenure of his Mano◅ of Wilmundale in the Countie of Hertford serued the king of the firste cup of drinke which he tasted of at his dinner the day of his coronation the cap was of siluer vngylt which the same knight had for his fees notwithstanding the petition which Iuon Fitzwarren presented to the Lord steward Ivon Fitzwarē requiring that office in right of his wife y e Lady Mawd daughter and heyre to sir Iohn Argentine knight The L. Furniual Sir Thomas Neuill Lord Furniual by reason of his Manour of Ferneham with the hamlet of Cere whiche hee helde by the courtesie of England after the deceasse of his wife the Lady Ioan deceassed gaue to the king a gloue for hys right hand and susteyned the kings right arme so long as he bare the scepter The L. Grey The Lorde Reginald Grey of Ruthen by reason of his manor of Ashley in Norffolke couered the tables and had for his fees all the Table-clothes as well those in the Hall as else where when they were taken vp notwithstanding a petition exhibited by sir Iohn Draiton to haue had that office Great spurres The same Lorde Gray of Ruthen bare the kinges great spurres before him in the time of his coronation by right of inheritance as heyre to Iohn Hastings Erle of Pembroke The second worde Iohn Erle of Somerset by the kings assignment bare the seconde sworde before him at his coronation notwithstanding that the sayd Lorde Grey of Ruthen by petition exhibited before the Lorde Stewarde demaunded the same office by reason of his Castell and Tower of Pembroke and of his towne of Denbigh The Earle of Arundel Thomas Earle of Arundel chiefe Butler of Englande obteyned to exercise that office the day of the coronation and had the fees thereto belonging graunted to him to wit the Goblet wyth which the king was serued and other things to that his office apperteyning the vessels of Wine excepted that lay vnder the bar which were adiudged vnto the sayd Lorde steward the sayd erle of Arundels clayme notwithstanding The citizens of London The Citizens of London chosen forth by the Citie serued in the hall as assistants to the Lord chiefe Butler whilest the king sat at dinner the day of his coronation and when the king entred into his Chamber after dinner called for wine the Lorde Maior of London brought to hym a cuppe of golde with wine and had the same cup giuen to him togither with the cuppe that conteyned water to allay the wine After the king had drunke the sayd Lorde Maior and the Aldermen of London had their table to dine at on the left hand of the king in the hall Thomas Dimmocke Thomas Dymocke in right of his mother Margaret Dymocke by reason of the tenure of his manor of Scriuelbie claymed to be the kings Champion at his coronation and had hys suyte granted notwithstanding a clayme exhibited by Baldwin Freuill Baldwin freuil demaunding that office by reason of hys Castell of Tamworth in Warwikshire The sayde Democke had for his fees one of the best coursers in the kings stable with y e kings saddle and all the trappers and harneys apperteyning to the same horse or Courser he hadde likewise one of the best armors that was in the kings armorie for his owne bodie with all that belonged wholy therevnto Iohn Lorde Latimer The Lorde Latimer although he was vnder age for himselfe and y e Duke of Norffolke notwithstanding that his possessions were in the kings hands by his attourney sir Thomas Grey knight claimed and had the office of Almouer for that day by reason of certaine landes which somtyme belonged to the Lorde William Beauchampe of Bedford They had a Towel of fine lynnen cloth prepared to put in the siluer that was appoynted to be giuen in almes and likewise they had the destribution of the cloth that couered the Pauement floores from the kings Chamber doore vnto the place in the Churche of Westminster where the Pulpet stoode The residue that was spred in the Church the Sexten had William le Venour W. le Ven◅ by reason he was tenant of the Manour of Liston claymed and obteyned to exercise the office of making Wafers for the king the day of his coronation The Barons of the fiue Portes claymed The bar◅ of the fiue portes and it was granted them to beare a Canapie of cloth of golde ouer the king with four staues and foure belles at the foure corners euerie staffe hauing foure of those barons to beare it Also to dine and sit at
captayne was taken and shortly after put to deth as diuerse other were which the Burgonians bought of the English men that had taken them prisoners The Tower that stoode at the ende of the Bridge coulde not bee woonne At an other bickering also it chaunced that the Englishe men vnder the leading of the Earle of Augus or Kyme had the vpper hande Harding and tooke many prysoners which the Duke of Burgoigne woulde that they shoulde haue beene lykewise put to death as traytors to theyr Countrey but the sayd Earle of Angus answered for himselfe and the residue of the Englishmen that they woulde rather dye all in the place than suffer theyr prysoners to be vsed otherwyse than as men of warre ought to bee that is to haue their laies saued and to be raunsomed according as the law of Armes requyred and by that meanes they were preserued The Duke of Burgoigne hauing the worlde at will for the Duke of Orleans immediatelye after the losse of Saint Clou departing from S. Deuys got him into the highe Countryes sent home the Englishmen with heartie thanks and great rewardes This yeare Recor. Turris Creations of noble men the king created his brother Thomas Beauford Erle of Dorset and his sonne the Lord Thomas of Lancaster that was Lord stewarde of Englande and Erle of Aubemarle hee created duke of Clarence Iohn duke of Burgoigne Hall hauing now the gouernance both of the French king and his realme so persecuted the Duke of Orleauns and hys complyces The Orliancial faction sueth to the k. of England for ayde that finally they for theyr laste refuge requyred ayde of King Henrie sending ouer vnto hym certayne persons as theyr lawfull procuratours of the whiche one hight Alberte Aubemont a manne of greate witte learning and audacitie to offer in name of the confederates vnto the sayde Kyng Henrye and to hys sonnes certayne conditions whiche were made and concluded the yeare of our Lord .1412 the eight of May. The confederates of the Orleancial faction The names of the chiefe confederates were these Iohn duke of Berrie and Erle of Poictou Charles Duke of Orleans and Valois Earle of Blais Beamound Lorde of Coucie and Ach Iohn Duke of Bourbon and Auvergne Earle of Clearmont Forest and Lysle Lorde of Beauieu and Casteau Chinou Iohn Duke of Alanson Bernarde Earle of Arminacke and others The Articles of couenants which they offered to the k. of Englande The effect of the Articles which these confederates were agreed vpon touching their offer to the king of England were as followeth 1 First they offred their bodies finances and landes to serue the king of Englande his heyres and successors in all iust causes and actions sauing alwayes their allegiances knowing that he would not further enquire of them 2 Secondly they offred their sonnes daughters neces and nephewes and al other their kinsfolke to bee bestowed in mariages according to the pleasure of the king of England 3 Thirdly they offred their Castels townes treasures and all their other goodes to serue the foresayde king 4 Fourthly they offered theyr friendes allies and well wyllers to serue hym beeing the moste part of all the Nobles of Fraunce Churchmen Clearkes and honest Citizens as it should well appeare 5 Fiftly they offred to put him in possession of the Duchie of Guienne which they were ready to protest to belong to the king of Englande in lyke and semblable wyse in lybertie and franchises as any other king of Englande his predecessor had held and enioyed the same 6 Sixtly that they woulde bee readie to recognise the landes whiche they possessed within that Duchie to hold the same of the king of England as of the verye true Duke of Guienne promising all seruices homages after the best maner that might be 7 Seuenthly they promised to deliuer vnto the king as much as lay in them all townes and Castels apperteyning to the royaltie and seigniorie of the king of England which are in number xx townes and Castels and as to the regarde of other townes and fortresses whiche were not in their handes they would to the vttermost of their powers help the king of England his heyres to win them out of his aduersaries handes 8 Eightly that the duke of Berrie as vassall to the king of Englande and likewise the duke of Orleans his subiect and vassall should holde of him by homage and fealtie the landes and seigniories hereafter following that is to say the Duke of Berrie to holde onely the Countie of Ponthieu during his life and the Duke of Orleans to holde the Countie of Angulesme during his life and the Countie of Perigourt for euer and the Earle of Arminacke to holde foure Castels vpon certaine sureties and conditions as by Indenture should be appoynted For the which offers couenants and agreements they requested of the king of England to condiscend vnto these conditions ensuing 1 First that the king of England The condition which they ret◅ quested of the k. of England as Duke of Guienne shoulde defende and succor them as hee ought to do against al mē as their very lord and soueraigne and specially vntil they had executed iustice fully vpon the Duke of Burgoigne for the crime which he committed vpon the person of the Duke of Orleans 2 Secondly that hee shoulde assyst them agaynst the sayde duke of Burgoigne and his fautors to recouer againe their goodes which by occasion of the sayd duke and his friendes they had lost and bene depriued of 3 Thirdly that he shoulde likewise ayde them in all iust quarelles for recouering of domages done to their friends vassals and subiects 4 Fourthly to helpe and assyst them for the concluding and establishing of a firme peace betwixt both the realmes so farre as was possible And further they besought the king of England to send vnto them .viij. M. men to ayd thē agaynst the Duke of Burgoigne and his complices whiche dayly procured the French king to make warre vpon them seeking by al wayes and meanes how to destroy them The king of Englande louingly enterteyned the Messengers and vpon consideration had of their offers as wel for that he detested the shamefull murther of the Duke of Orleans which remayned vnpunished by support of such as mainteyned the duke of Burgoigne who as it appeared woulde keepe promyse no longer than serued his owne turne as also for that the same offers seemed to make greatly both for hys honour and profite thought that by the office of a King hee was bounde in duetie to succour them that cryed for Iustice and coulde not haue it and namely sithe in right they were his subiectes and vassalles hee oughte to defende them in mayntenaunce of his superioritie and Seigniorie Herevpon as Duke of Guienne he tooke vpon him to succour and defend them against all men The king of Englande taketh vpon him to defend the Orleantial faction as their verie Lorde and soueraigne and so
cōfessed that for a greate summe of money which they had receyued of the Frenche king they entended verily eyther to haue deliuered the Kyng alyue into the handes of hys enimies or else to haue murthered him before he shoulde arriue in the duchie of Normandie Hall When King Henrie had heard al things opened whiche he desired to know he caused all his nobilitie to come before his presence before whō he caused to be brought the offēders and to them sayd King Hearleso vvordes to the ◅ts If you haue conspired the death and destruction of me which am the head of the realme gouernour of the people without doubt I must of necessitie thinke that you lykewyse haue cōpassed the confusion of all that here be with me and also the finall destruction of youre natiue countrey And although some priuate scorpion in your heartes or some wylde worme in your heads hath caused you to conspire my death and confusion yet you should haue spared that diuelishe enterprise which can not continue without a capitayne nor be directed without a guyde nor yet with the destruction of your owne bloud and nation you should haue pleased a foreyn enimie Wherfore seing that you haue enterprised so gret a mischiefe to the intent that your fautours being in the armie maye abhore so detestable an offence by the punishement of you haste you to receyue the payne that for youre demerites you haue deserued and that punishmente that by the lawe for your offences is prouided And so immediately they were hadde to execution whiche done The E◅rle of Cambridge the other tray◅ executed the K. callyng his Lords afore him spake these or the like wordes in effecte See you not the madde imagination of men which persecute me that dayly study and hourely laboure for the aduancement of the publike welth of this realm and for that cause I spare no payne The kinges speache to his lo◅ds touching ◅e ◅o◅ers nor refuse any tyme to the intente to doe good to all men and hurte to none and thus to doe is my duetie and to this as I thinke I am borne I pray to God that there be none among you that be infected with so much vntruth y t had liester see me destroyed brought to confusion than to see his countrey flourish encreased with honor and empire I assure you that I conceyue no such opinion in any of you but put in you bothe trust cōfidence if I may haue your helpe to recouer the old honor of myne auncestours by subduing the Frenche nation I for my selfe will forget al perill and payne and be youre guide lodesman and conductor and if you drawe backe and will not moue forewarde beleeue mee God will so dispose that hereafter you shall be deceyued and so repent had Iwyst When the king had finished his saying al the noble men kneeled downe and promised faythfully to serue him and duly to obey him and rather to die than to suffer him to fall into the handes of his enimies Thys doone the Kyng thoughte that surely all sebition and ciuill conspiracie had bin vtterly extinct but he saw not the fyre which was newely kindled and ceassed not to encrease till at lengthe it burste out into suche a flame that embracing the walles of his house and familie his lyne and stock was clean destroyed and consumed to ashes whiche at that tyme mighte preaduenture haue bin quenched and put oute For diuers write that Richard erle of Cambridge did not conspire with the Lorde Scrope and Thomas Grey for the murthering of King Henry to please the Frenche King withall but onely to the intente to exalte to the crowne his brother in law Edmund Erle of March as heire to Lyonell Duke of Clarence after the death of whyche Earle of Marche for diuers secrete impedimentes not able to haue issue the Earle of Cambridge was sure that the crowne shoulde come to him by his wyfe and to his children of hir begotten And therefore as was thoughte he rather confessed himselfe for neede of moneye to be corrupted by the French king than he wold declare hys inwarde mynde and open his verye intent and secrete purpose whiche if it were espyed he sawe plainely that the Earle of Marche shoulde haue drunken of the same cuppe that hee tasted and what shoulde haue come to his owne children hee muche doubted And therefore beeing destitute of comforte and in despaire of life to saue hys children he fayned that tale desiring rather to saue hys succession than himselfe which he did in deede for his sonne Richarde Duke of York not priuily but openly claimed the crown and Edwarde his sonne bothe claymed it and gayned it as after it shall appeare Which thing if Kyng Henrye had at this tyme eyther doubted or foreseene had neuer bin like to haue come to passe as Hall saith But whatsoeuer hath bin reported of the confession of the Earle of Cambridge certain it is that endited he was by the name of Richard erle of Cambridge of Conesburgh in the countie of York knight The effect of the Earle of Cambridge hys in dicement and with him Tho. Grey of Heton in the countie of Northumberlande knighte for that that they the xx day of Iulye in the thirde yeare of K. Henry the fifth at Southamton and in diuers other places within this Realme had conspired together with a power of men to them associate without the kings licence to haue ledde awaye the Lorde Edmunde Earle of Marche into Wales and then to haue procured hym to take vpon him the supreme gouernment of the realme in case that King Richarde the seconde were dead and heerewith had purposed to sette foorth a proclamation there in Wales in name of the sayde Earle of Marche as heire of the crown against king Henry by the name of Henry of Lancaster the vsurper to the ende that by suche meanes they might drawe the more number of the kings liege people vnto the said Earle further to haue conueyde a baner of the armes of England and a certain crown of Spayne set vpon a pallet laide in gage to the said Earle of Cābridge by the king together with the sayd erle of Marche into the parties of Wales aforsaid further A Ievvell that the said Earle of Cambridge sir Tho. Grey had appointed certain of the Kinges liege people to repaire into Scotland to bring from thence one Thomas Trumpington also an other resembling in shape fauor countenāce K. Richard and Henry Percie togither wyth a great multitude of people to fight with the king and him to destroy in opē field Beside this that they had ment to win certain castels in Wales and to kepe them against the K. and many other treasons they had contriued as by the inditement was specified to the intēt they might destroy the king his brethren y e dukes of Bedford Gloucester and other the great lords
all bloudie at the gate of the Clink which after was buried in the Churche adioyning Then were diuerse persons apprehended and indyted of treason whereof some were pardoned some executed Tho. Thorpe Thomas Thorpe seconde Baron of the Eschequer was committed to the Tower where he remayned long after for that he was knowne to be great friend to the house of Lancaster An. reg 39. During this trouble a Parliament was summoned to begin at Westminster in the month of October next following In the meane time the Duke of Yorke aduertised of all these things VVhethaÌ„sted The Duke of Yorke commeth forth of Ireland sayled from Dubline towardes Englande and landed at the redde banke neare to the Citie of Chester with no smal companie and from Chester by long iourneys hee came to the Ciâ—… of London which he entred the Fryday before the feast of S. Edward the Confessor VVhethaÌ„sted with a sword borne naked befor him with trumpets also sounding and accompanied with a great traine of men of armes and other of hys friends seruants At his coÌ„ming to Westm he entred the palace passing forth directly through the great hall stayed not till he came to the chamber wher the King and Lordes vsed to sit in the Parliament time A strange demeanor of the D. of Yorke coÌ„monly called the vpper house or chamber of the Peeres and being there entred stept vp vnto the throne royall theyr laying his hande vppon the cloth of estate seemed as if hee ment to take possession of that whiche was hys ryght for hee helde his hande so vpon that cloth a good pretie while and after withdrawing hys hande turned hys face towardes the people beholding theyr preassing togither and marking what countenance they made Whilest he thus stoode and behelde the people supposing they reioyced to see his presence the Archbishop of Canterburie Thomas Bourcher came vnto him and after due salutations asked him if he would come and see the King Wyth which demaunde he seeming to take disdaine answered briefely and in fewe wordes thus His bold speeâ—… I remember not that I know any within this realm but that it beseemeth him rather to come and see my person than I to goe and to see his The Archbishop hearing his answere went backe to the King and declared what answere he hadde receyued of the Dukes owne mouth After the Archbishop was departed to the king that lay in the Queenes lodging the Duke also departed and wente to the moste principall lodging that the king hadde within all his Palace breaking vp the lockes and doores and so lodged himselfe therein more lyke to a King than a Duke continuing in the same lodging for a time to the great indignation of many that could not in any wise lyke of such presumptuous attempts made by the sayde Duke to thrust himselfe in possession of the Crowne and to depose King Henrie who had raigned ouer them so long a time Maister Edwarde Hall in his Chronicle maketh mention of an Oration which the Duke of Yorke vttered sitting in the regall seate there in the Chamber of the Peeres eyther at this hys first comming in amongst them or else at some one tyme after the which we haue thought good also to set downe although Iohn Whethamsted the Abbot of Saint Albones who liued in those dayes and by all likelyhoode was there present at the Parliament maketh no further recytall of any wordes which the Duke shoulde vtter at that time in that his booke of Recordes where hee entreateth of this matter But for the Oration as maister Hall hath written thereof wee finde as followeth During the time sayth he of this Parliament the Duke of Yorke with a bolde countenance entred into the chamber of the Peeres and sat down in the throne roial vnder the cloth of estate which is the kings peculiar seate and in the presence of the nobilitie as well spirituall as temporall after a pause made he began to declare his title to the Crowne in this forme and order as ensueth MY singular good Lordes The Duke of Yorkes 〈◊〉 made to the Lords of the Parliament maruayle not that I approche vnto this throne for I sit here as in the place to mee by very iustice lawfully belonging and here I rest as to whoÌ„ this chaire of right apperteineth not as hee which requyreth of you fauour parcialitie or bearing but egal right friendlye indifferencie and true administration of Iustice For I beeing the partie grieued and complaynant cannot minister to my self the medicine that should helpe me as expert Leches and chirurgiaÌ„s may except you be to me both faithful ayders and also true Counsaylers Nor yet this noble Realme and our naturall Countrey shall neuer be vnbuâ—…led from hir dayly Feuer except I as the principall Phisition and you as the true and trustie Apothecharies consult togither in making of the potion and trie out the cleane and pine stuffe froÌ„ the corrupt and putrifyed drugges For vndoubtedly the root and bottom of this long festured canker is not yet extyrpate nor the feeble foundation of this fallible buylding is not yet espied which hath been and is the daylie destructioÌ„ of the nobilitie and the continual confusion of the poore comunaltie of this realme kingdome For all you know or should know that the high and mightie prince K. Richarde the seconde was the true vndoubted heire to the valiant conqueror renowmed prince K. Edward the third as son beire to the hardie knight couragious captaine Edward prince of Wales duke of Aquitaine and Cornwal eldest sonne to the said K. Edward the third which king was not onely in deed but also of all men reputed taken for the true and infallible heire to the wise and politique prince king Henrie the third as son heire to king Edwarde the seconde sonne and heire to king Edwarde the first the verie heyre and first begotten sonne of the sayd noble and vertuous prince king Henrie the thirde Whiche king Richarde of that name the second was lawfully and iustly possessed of the Crown and Diademe of this realme and region till Henrie of Darbie Duke of Lancaster and Hereforde sonne to Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster the fourth begotten sonne to the sayde king Edward the thirde yonger brother to my noble auncester Lionel duke of Clarence the third begotten sonne of the sayd king Edward by force and violence contrarie both to the dutie of his allegiance and also to his homage to him both done and sworne raysed warre and battayle at the castell of Flinte in Northwales agaynst the sayde king Richarde and him apprehended and imprisoned within the tower of London during whose life and captiuitie he wrongfully vsurped and intruded vpon the royall power and high estate of this realm and region taking vpon him the name stile and authoritie of king and gouernour of the same And not therewith satisfyed and contented coÌ„passed and
naughte comparing this manner presente with this last nightes cheere in so fewe houres so great a change maruellously misliked Howbeit sith he could not get away and keepe hymselfe close he woulde not least hee shoulde seeme to hyde hymselfe for some secrete feare of hys owne faulte whereof hee sawe no suche cause in himselfe He determined vpon the suretie of hys owne conscience to goe boldly to them and inquire what this matter myghte meant whome 〈◊〉 as they sawe they began to quarrel with him and say that he intended to set distaunce betweene the King and them and to bring them to reâ—…sion but it should not lie in his power And when he began as he was a very well spoken in all in goodly wise to excuse himselfe they tarried not the ende of his aunswere The Lorde Riuers put in warde but shortly tooke hym and put him in ward and that done forthwith wente to Horsebacke and tooke the way to Stony Stratforde where they founde the King with hys companie readie to leape on Horsebacke and departe forwarde to leaue that lodging for them bycause it was to straight for both companyes And assoone as they came in his presence they lighte adowne with all theyr companie about them To whome the Duke of Buckingham sayde goe afore Gentlemen and yeomen keepe your twines And thus in a goodly aray they came to the King and on their knees in very humble will salued his grace whiche receyued them in verye ioyous and amiable manner nothing earthly knowing nor mistrusting as yet But euen by and by in his presence they piked a quarrell to the Lorde Richarde Grey The Lorde Grey the Kings other brother by his mother saying that he with y e Lorde Marques his brother and the Lord Riuers hys Vncle had compassed to 〈◊〉 the King and the Realme and to set variance among the states and to subdue and destroy the noble proud of the Realme Towarde the accomplishing whereof they sayd that the Lord Marques had entred into the Tower of London and thence taken out the Kings treasure and sente menne to the Sea All which things these Dukes wist wel were done for good purposes necessarie by the whole counsayle at London sauing that somewhat they must say Vnto whiche wordes the Kyng aunswered What my brother Marques hathe done I cannot say But in good faithe I dare well aunswere for mine vncle Riuers and my brother heere that they be innocent of anye such matter Yea my liege quoth the Duke of Buckingham they haue kept theyr dealing in these matters farre fro the knowledge of youre good grace And forthwith they arested the Lord Richard and Sir Thomas Vaughan Knighte in the Kings presence and brought the King and all backe vnto Northampton where they tooke againe further Counsell And there they sente away from the Kyng whome it pleased them and set new seruauntes about hym suche as lyked better them than him At whiche dealing hee wepte and was nothing contente but it booted not And at dinner the Duke of Gloucester sent a dish from his owne table to the Lord Riuers praying him to bee of good cheere all shoulde bee well ynough And hee thanked the Du e and prayed the messenger to beare it to his nephewe the Lord Richard with the same message for his comfort who bee thoughte hadde more neede of comforte as one to whome such aduersitie was strange But hymselfe hadde bin all hys dayes in vre therewith and therefore could beare it the better But for all thys comfortable curtesie of the Duke of Gloucester hee sente the Lorde Riuers The death of the L. Riuers and other and the Lorde Richarde with sir Thomas Vaughan into the North Countrey into dyuers places to prison and afterwarde all to Pomfraite where they were in conclusion beheaded In this wise the Duke of Gloucester tooke vpon hymselfe the order and gouernaunce of the yong Kyng whome with much honor humble reuerence hee conueyed vpwarde towarde the Citie But anone the tidyngs of thys matter came hastily to the Queene a little before the midnighte following and that in y e sorest wise that the King hir sonne was taken hir brother hir sonne and hir other friendes arrested and sent no man wist whither to bee done with GOD wot what With whyche tydyngs the Queene in greate flighte and heauinesse bewayling hyr childes raigne hir friendes mischance and hyr owne infortune damning the tyme that euer she disswaded the gathering of power about the King gate hir selfe in all the hast possible with hir yonger sonne and hir daughters out of the palace of Westminster in which she then lay into the Sanctuarie The Q taketh Sanctuary lodging hir selfe and hir coÌ„panie there in the Abbots place Nowe came there one in likewise not long after midnight fro the Lord Chamberlayne 〈◊〉 to the Archbyshoppe of Yorke then Chancellor of England to his place not farre from Westminster And for that hee shewed his seruauntes that he hadde tidings of so greate importaunce that his maister gaue him in charge not to forbeare his rest they letted not to wake hym nor hee to admitte this messenger into his beds 〈◊〉 Of whome hee hearde that these Dukes were gone backe with the Kings grace from Stonie Stratford vnto Northampton Notwithstanding Sir quoth hee my Lorde sendeth youre Lordshippe worde that there is no feare for â—…ee assureth you that all shall bee well I assure him quoth the Archebyshoppe be it as well as it vpoÌ„ â–ª it will neuer be so well as we haue seene it And therevpon by and by after the messenger departed he caused in all the hast all his seruauntes to bee called vp and so with hys owne househoâ—… about hym and euerye man weaponed he tooke the greate seale with hym and came yet before day vnto the Queene About whome he founde muche heauinesse rumble hast and businesse cariage and conueyance of hir stuffe into Sanctuarie chestes coffers packes fardels trussed all on mens backes no man vnoccupyed some lading some going some discharging some comming for more some breaking downe the walles to bring in the nexte way and some yet dâ—… to them that holp to carrrie a wrong way The Queene hir selfe sate alone 〈◊〉 on the rushes all desolate and dismayde whome the Archbyshop comforted in the best manner hee coulde shewyng hir that hee trusted the matter was nothyng so sore as she tooke it for And that hee was putte in good hope and out of feare by the message sent hym from the Lord Chamberlayne Ah wo worth him quoth she for he is one of them that laboureth to destroy 〈◊〉 my bloud Madame quoth he be yee of good cheers for I assure you if they Crowne anye other 〈◊〉 than youre sonne whome they nowe 〈◊〉 with them wee shall on the morrowe Crowne hys brother whome you haue heere with 〈◊〉 And heere is the greate scale whiche in lykewise as that noble Prince youre husband deliuered it vnto me so
Chandew of Britain his especial frend he made erle of Bath Sir Giles Daubency was made lord Daubeney sir Robert Willoughby was made L. Brooke And Edward Stafforde eldest sonne to Henrye late Duke of Buckingham he restored to his name dignitie and possessions which by king Richard were confiscate and attainted Beside this in this parliament was this notable acte assented to and concluded as followeth To the pleasure of Almightye God wealth prosperitie and suretie of this Realme of England and to the singular comfort of all the kinges subiectes of the same in auoyding all ambiguitie and questions An acte for the establishing of the Crovvne Be it ordeined established and enacted by this present parliament that the inheritance of the crowne of this realme of England and also of Fraunce with all the preeminēce and dignitie royal to the same apertaining and all other seigniories to the king belongyng beyond the sea w t the appurtenāces therto in any wise due or apertaining shal rest remain abide in the most royal person of our nowe soueraigne lord K. Henry the seuēth and in the heires of his body laufully coming perpetually with y e grace of god so to endure in none other And beside this act al atteynders of this K. enacted by king Edward and Kyng Richard were adnichilate and the recorde of the same adiudged to be defaced and all persones attented for his cause and occasion were restored to their goods landes and possessions Diuers acts also made in this time of king Edward and king Richard were reuoked and other adiudged more expedient for the cōmon wealthe were put in their places and concluded After the dissolution of this parliament the king remembring his frends left in hostage beyonde the seas that is to wit the Marques Dorset and sir Io. Bourchier he with all conueniēt spede redemed them sente also into Flanders for Iohn Morton Bishop of Ely These actes performed he chose to bee of his counsayle a conuenient number of right graue and wyse counsellours Although by this meanes al things seemed to be brought in good and perfect order yet ther lacked a wrest to the harpe to set all the strings in a monacorde and perfecte tune which was the matrimonie to be finished betwene the king and the Lady Elizabeth daughter to king Edward which like a good Prince according to his othe promise King Henrye the seuenthe taketh to vvife Elizabeth eldeste daughter of Edvvard the fourthe 1486 did both solemnise cosummate shortely after that is to saye on the .xviij. day of Ianuarie by reason of whych mariage peace was thought to descende out of heauen into Englād considering that the lynes of Lancaster Yorke were now brought into one knot and connexed togither of whose two bodies one heire myghte succeede to rule and enioye the whole monarchie and realme of Englande Shortly after for the better preseruation of his royall person he constituted and ordeyned a certaine number as well of good Archers as of dyuers other persons hardie strong and actiue to giue dayly attendance on his persone whome he named yeomen of his garde Yeomen of the garde firste brought in which president men thought that he lerned of the French king when he was in France For it is not remembred that any Kyng of Englande before that daye vsed any such furniture of dayly souldiours In the same yeare a newe kynde of sicknesse inuaded sodeynly the people of this lande Another parliament the same yeare passing thorough the same from the one ende to the other It began about the .xxj. of September and continued till the latter end of October beyng so sharpe and deadly that the lyke was neuer hearde of to any mannes remembrance before that tyme. For sodeynely a deadely burnyng sweate so assayled theyr bodies The svveating sickenesse and distempered their bloud wyth a moste ardent heat that scarse one amongst an hundred that sickned did escape with life for all in maner as soone as the sweat tooke them or within a short tyme after yelded vp the ghost besyde the great number which deceassed within the citie of London two Mayres successiuely died within viij days .vj. Aldermē At length by the diligent obseruatiō of those that escaped whiche marking what things had done thē good holpen to their deliuerance vsed the lyke agayne when they fell into the same disease A remedye for ◅e svveating ◅sse the second or thirde tyme as to dyuers it chaunced a remedie was founde for that mortall maladie which was this If a man on the daye tyme were taken with the sweate then should he streight lye downe withal his clothes and garments and continue in hys sweat .xxiiij. houres after so moderate a sort as might bee If in the nyghte hee chaunced to be taken then shoulde he not ryse out of his bedde for the space of .xxiiij. houres so castyng the cloathes that he myght in no wyse prouoke the sweate but so lye temperately that the water mighte distyll out softly of the owne accord and to abstein from all meat if he might so long suffer hunger to take no more drinke neyther hot nor colde thā wold moderatly quench assuage his thirstie appetite And thus with lukewarme drinke temperate heate and measurable clothes manye escaped fewe whiche vsed this order after it was founde out dyed of that sweat Mary one point diligētly aboue all other in this cure is to be obserued that he neuer put out his hande or feete out of the bed to refreshe or coole himself which to do is no lesse ieopardie than short and present death Thus this disease comming in the first yeare of king Henries reigne was iudged of some to be a token and signe of a troublous reigne of the same king as the profe partly afterwardes shewed it selfe The king standing in neede of money to discharge suche debtes and to maynteyn such port as was behouefull sente the Lorde Treasourer with Maister Reignold Bray and others vnto the Lord Mayre of London requiryng of the Citie a prest of sixe thousand markes Whervpon the sayd Lord Mayre and his brethren with the Commons of the Citie graunted a preast of two thousande poundes whiche was leuyed of the companies and not of the wardes and in the yeare next ensuyng it was well and truly agayne repayde euery penny to the good contentation and satisfying of them that disbursed it The king considering that the suretie of his royall estate and defence of the realme consisted chiefly in good lawes and ordinaunces to bee hadde and obserued among his people summoned eftsoones his highe courte of Parliamente therein to deuise and establishe some profitable actes and statutes for the wealth and commoditie of his people and then after hauyng sette thinges in quiet about London hee tooke his iorney into the North partes there to purge all the dregges of malicious treason that myghte rest in the heartes of vnquiet persons and namely
Irelande where hee so sette foorth the mater vnto the nobilitie of that countreye Thomas Gerardine Chaâ—…celor of Iâ—… that not onely the Lorde Thomas Gerardine Chauncellour of that lande deceiued through his craftie tale receyued the counterfaite Earle into his Castell with all honour and reuerence but also many other noble men determined to ayde hym with all their powers as one descended of the bloud royall and lyneally come of the house of Yorke whiche the Irishe people euermore hyghly fauored honoured and loued aboue all other By this meanes euery manne throughout all Irelande was willyng and ready to take his parte and to submit themselues to him already reputing and calling him of all hands king So that nowe they of this secte by the aduice of the Prieste sente into England certayn priuie messangers to get friendes here also they sent into Flanders to y e Ladie Margarete Margaret Duâ—…châ—… of Bâ—…â—…gne sister to â—…g Edvvard the fourthe sister to King Edward late wyfe to Charles Duke of Burgogne to purchase ayde and helpe at hir handes Thys Ladie Margarete bare no smal rule in the low countreys and 〈◊〉 verie deede sore geudged in hir heart that Kyng Henrye being descended of the house of Lancaster should reigne and gouerne the realme of Englande and therfore though she well vnderstoode that thys was but a coloured matter â—…t to woorke hir malicious intention against K. Henry she was glad to haue so fitte an occasion and therefore promised the messengers all the ayde that she should bee able to make in furtheraunce of the quarrell and also to procure al the frendes she could in other places to be aiders and partakers of the same conspiracie Kyng Henrye aduertized of al these doings was greately vexed therwith and therefore to haue good aduise in the matter hee called togyther his counsell at the Charterhouse besyde his manour of Richmond and there consulted with theÌ„ by which meanes best this begon conspiracie might be appesed and disappointed without more disturbaunce It was therfore determined that a generall pardon should be published to all offenders that were content to receyue the same This pardon was so freely graunted that no offence was excepted no not so muche as high treason committed agaynste the Kinges royall person It was further agreed in the same Counsell for the tyme then present that the Erle of Warwike should personally be shewed abroade in the citie and other publike places whereby the vntrue reporte falsly spred abroade that he shoulde be in Irelande myght be amongest the comminaltie proued and knowen for a vayne imagined lye In this solemne counsel diuers many things for the wealth of the realme were debated concluded and amongest other it was determyned Lady Elizabeth late vvife to King Edvvarde the fourthe adiudged to forfeit 〈◊〉 hir landes that the Lady Elizabeth wyfe to King Edward the fourth should leese and forfayte all hir lands and possessions bycause she had voluntarily submitted hir selfe and hir daughters wholly to the handes of king Richarde contrarye to hir promise made to the Lordes and nobles of thys realme in the beginnyng of the conspiracie made against king Richard wherby she did inough to haue quayled all the purpose of them that ioyned with hir in that mater But thoughe hir faulte was greeuous yet was it iudged by some men that shee deserued not by equitie of Iustice so greate a losse and punishement But suche was hir chaunce by that hir lightnesse and incoustancie she wanne the displeasure oâ—… many manner and for that causely pâ—… after 〈◊〉 the abbey of Beâ—…ndsey besyde Soâ—…hwarke a wretched and a miserable lyfe where not manye yeeres after she deceassed and is buryed with hir husband at Windsore Though Fortune thus ruleth many thynges at his pleasure yet one woorke that this Queene accomplished can not bee forgotten For in the lyfe tyme of hir husbande Kyng Edwarde the fourth Queenes colledge in Cambridge founded by the Lady Elizabeth Kyng Edvvarde the fourthe hys vvidovve shee founded and erected a notable Colledge in the vniuersitie of Cambridge for the fynding of Scholers and studentes of the same vniuersitie and endowed it with sufficient possessions for the long mayntenaunce of the same whyche at thys daye is called the Queenes Colledge When all thyngs in thys counsell were sagely concluded and agreed to the kings mynde he retourned to London giuing in commaundement that the next Sunday ensuyng Edward the young Earle of Warwike shuld be brought from the Tower thorough the moste publyque streetes in all London to the Cathedrall Churche of Saint Paule where hee wente openlye in Procession that euery man myght see him hauing communication with many noblemen and with them especially that were suspected to bee partakers of the late begonne conspiracye that they myght perceyue howe the Irishmenne vppon a vayne shadowe moued warre againste the Kyng and his realme But this medicine little auayled to euill disposed persons For the Earle of Lincolne sonne to Iohn de la Poole Duke of Suffolk and Elizabeth sister to king Edwarde the fourth thynking it not meete to neglect and omitte so ready an occasion of newe trouble determyned to vpholde the enterprise of the Irishmenne and other complices of this conspiracie Whervppon consultyng wyth Syr Thomas Broughton and certayne other of hys moste trustye friendes purposed to sayle into Flaunders so his Aunte the Lady Margaret duchesse of Burgogne trusting by hir helpe to make a puissant armie and to ioyne with the companions of the newe raised sedition Therefore after the dissolution of the Parliamente whiche then was holden he fledde secretly into Flaunders vnto the sayd Ladie Margarete where Francis Lorde Louell landed certaine dayes before Here after long consultation had howe to proceede in their businesse it was agreed that the Earle of Lyncolne and the Lorde Louell shoulde goe into Irelande and there to attend vpon the duchesse hir counterfaite nephue to honor him as a K. and with the power of the Irishemen to bryng hym into Englande and if their dooyngs hadde good successe then the foresayde Lamberte myâ—â—amed the Erle of Warwike shoulde by the consente of the counsell bee deposed and Edwarde the true Earle of Warwike to bee delyuered out of prison and anoynted king King Henry supposyng that no man woulde haue bin so madde as to haue attempted anye further enterprise in the name of that new found counterfayted Earle hee onely studyed howe to subdue the seditions conspiracie of the Irishmen But hearyng that the Earle of Lincolne was fledde into Flaunders he was somwhat moued therwith and caused Souldiors to bee put in a readynesse out of euery part of his Realme and to bring them into one place assigned that when his aduersaries shoulde appeare hee mighte sodeynely sette vppon them vanquishe and ouercome them The Marques Dorset committed to the Tovver Thus disposing things for his suretie he went towardes Saint Edmundes Burye and beeing certifyed that the Marques
the vnderstanding of the case and still they assayed if they coulde by any meanes procure the Queene to call backe hir Appeale whiche she vtterly refused to doe The king mystrusteth the legates of seking delayes The King woulde gladly haue had an ende in the matter but when the Legates droue tyme and determined vpon no certaine point be conceyued a suspition that this was done of purpose that their doings might draw to none effect or conclusion Whylest these thinges were thus in hande the Cardinall of Yorke was aduised that the King had set his affection vpon a yong Gentlewoman named Anne the daughter of Syr Thomas Bulleyn vicount Rochfort whiche did wayt vpon the Queene This was a great grief vnto the Cardinal as he that perceyued aforehande that the king woulde marie the sayd Gentlewoman if the diuorce tooke place wherefore he began wyth all diligence to disappoynt that matche which by reason of the myslyking that he had to the woman he iudged ought to be adâ—…eyded more than present death Whylest the matter stoode in this state and that the cause of the Queene was to be hearde and iudged at Rome The secrete vvorking and dissimulation of Cardinal VVosley by reason of the appeale which by hir was put in the Cardinall required the Pope by letters and secrete messengers that in any wise he shuld deferre the iudgemeÌ„t of the diuorce till hee might frame the Kinges minde to his purpose but he went aboute nothing so secretly The king conceyuet a displeasure against the Cardinall but that the same came to the kings knowledge who toke so highe displeasure with suche his cloaked dissimulation that he determined to abase his degree sith as an vnthankfull person he forgotte himselfe and his dutie towardes him that had so highly aduanced him to all honor and dignitie Hall When the nobles of the realme perceyued the Cardinall to bee in displeasure they began to accuse him of suche offences as they knewe myght be proued against him Articles exhibited againste the Cardinall and therof they made a booke conteyning certayne articles to whyche diuers of the kings counsell set their handes The king vnderstanding more playnly by those articles the great pride presumption and couetousnesse of the Cardinall 〈◊〉 â—…ued against him but yet kepte his purpose secrete for a whyle and first permitted Cardinal Campeius to departe backe agayne to Rome not vnrewarded Shortly after a Parliament was called to beginne at Westminster the third of Nouember next ensuyng In the meane tyme the King being infourmed that all those thyngs that the Cardinall had done by his power Legantine within thâ—… realme were in the case of the Prâ—…ite and prouision caused his atturney Christofer Hales The Cardinall fued in a Preâ—…nire to sue out a â—…te of Premuâ—…re againste hym in the whiche he licenced him to make his attourney And further the .xvij. of NoueÌ„ber the King sent the two Dukes of Norfolke and Suffolke to the Cardinalles place at Westminster The great seale taken from the Cardinall to fetche away the greate Seale of Englande Sir William Fitz William knighte of the Garter and Treasorer of his house and doctor Stephen Gardiner newely made Secretarie were also sent to see that no goodes shoulde be conueyed out of his house The Cardinall him selfe was appointed to remoue vnto Ashere besyde Kingston there to tary the kings pleasure and had things necessarie deliuered vnto hym for his vse After this in the Kings benche his matter for the Premunice beyng called vpon Iohn Sents K. Edmâ—…nd â—…eâ—… two atturneys whiche he had authorised by hys warrant signed with his owne hande The Cardinall condemned in 2 Premunire confessed the action and so had iudgement to forfeit all hys landes tenementes goodes and cattelles and to be out of the Kings protection but the king of hys clemencie sente to hym a sufficient protection and lefte to hym the Byshoprickes of Yorke and Winchester wyth place and stuffe conuenient for his degree The Bishoppricke of Duresme was gyuen to Doctor Tunstall Bishoppe of London and the Abbey of Sainct Albons to the Priour of Norwiche Also the Bishopricke of London being nowe voyde was bestowed on Doctor Sâ—…okesley then Ambassadoure to the Vniuersities beyonde the Sea for the Kyngs marryage The Ladye Margaret duchesse of Sauoye aunte to the Emperour and the Ladye Loyse Duchesse of Angolesme mother to the French Kyng mette at Cambreye in the beginnyng of the Moneth of Iune to treate of a peace where were presente Doctour Tunstall Bishoppe of London and Sir Thomas Moore then Chancellour of the Duchie of Lancaster coÌ„missioners for the K. of EnglaÌ„d At length through diligence of the sayde Ladies a peace was coÌ„cluded betwixt the Emperour the Pope the Kings of Englande and France This was called y e womans peace proclaimed by Heralts with sound of trumpets in y e City of London to y e great reioycing of the Merchauntes who during the warres had susteyned much hinderance The frenche King was bound by one article among other to acquite the Emperour of fourescore and ten thousand crownes which he ought to the King of England The four and twentith of Nouember was Sir Thomas More made Lorde Chancellor and the nexte day led into the Chancerie by the Dukes of Norffolke Suffolke ther sworne The Parliament beginâ—… At the day appointed the Parliament began and Tho. Audeley Esquier attorney of the Duchie of Lancaster was chosen speaker for the coÌ„mons of the lower house In this Parliament the commons of the nether house beganne to common of their greefes wherwith the spiritualtie had sore oppressed theÌ„ and namely sixe great causes wer shewed wherin the Cleargie greatly abused the temporaltie The first in the excessiue fines The commoÌ„s of the lower 〈◊〉 compayne against the Cleargie whiche the ordinaries tooke for probate of Testamentes The second in the extreame exactions vsed for takyng of corps presentes or mortuaries The thyrde that Priests contrary to their order vsed the occupying of Fermes graunges and pastures for grasing of Catell c. The fourth that Abbots Priors and other of the Cleâ—…gie kepte tanne houses and bought and solde wolle cloth and other merchandises as other common merchants of the temporaltie did The fifth cause was the lacke of residence whereby both the poore wanted necessary refreshing for sustenance of their bodyes and all the parishoners true instructions needefull to the health of their soules The sixth was the pluralitie of benefices and the insufficiencie of the incumbents where diuers well learned schollers in the Vniuersities had neyther benefice nor exhibition Herewith were three hilles deuised for a reformation to be had in such cases of great enormities as firste one bill for the probate of testaments also an other for mortuaries and the third for none residence pluralities and taking of Fermes by spirituall men There was sore hold about these billes before they might passe the vpper house
7. Fines Ingram Lord. 726.11 Firy impressions seene in the ayre 1834.40 and. 1870.46 and. 1872.21 Finch Thomas knight Camp maister in the iourney of S. Quintines 1767.58 he appointed to be knight marshal at Newehauen is drowned 1838.30 Foquesolles Seneschal of Bullogne slaine 1599.17 Fos◅ew Andrian knight attainted and executed 1570.54 Fore Richard chosen bishop of Exceter sent ambassadour into Scotland 1432.6 sent ambassadour into Fraunce 1439.35 bishop of Durhā and owner of Northam castle 1448.21 Ambassadour into Scotland 1449. 2. asswageth by letters the displeasure of the Scottishe king 1452.18 is desired of the Scottes to come and speake with hym ibidem is a meane for the mariage of the kyngs daughter vnto the Scot. eadem 55. made Bishop of Winchester 1455.43 Foxe Richard Bishop of Winchester one of the priuie Councel to king Henrye the eight 1464.48 Forthere succeedeth Aldhelme in the Bishopricke of Shireburne 192.5 Forthere leaueth his Bishoprik and goeth to Rome 192.9 Foure great high wayes in Britaine begun 23.46 Foure great high wayes in Britaine finished 24.60 Fosse way where it begynneth and endeth 24.66 Fore Iohn cited 154.56 and .223.78 and 263.13 Foxe Iohn deceyued 235.52 Forestes and parkes disparked by king Iohn to let y e game abrode to destroye the corne in the fieldes 568.44 Fountaine floweth with bloud 329.40 Foure and twentye gouernors appoynted in England 752 45. Foure sunnes seene in the Element besides the naturall Sunne 942.8 Iohn Fordham Bishop of Durham fleeth 1070.36 a Foulgiers castle taken and vtterly destroyed 409.50 Foure kings in Kent and their names at Cesars commyng 42.97 Fouke earle of Aniou returneth out of the holy land 359.17 Foukes de Brent aduaunced to mariage by king Iohn 596.44 Fordher a knight slaine attending vppon king Edwine 159.75 Focas Emperour 153.50 Formalis Archbishop of Erier dyeth at Northampton 480 48. Forest Frier hanged burnt 1570.10 Fourty thousand knightes fees and vpward in Englande 757.77 Forth in Scotland in British werd 140.9 Fornham battaile fought by the Nobles on the part of Kyng Henry the second against the Nobles on the part of Henry his sonne 431.83 Forz William earle of Albemarle moneth sedition 618.31 Forfeylure for killing the kings Deere 366.7 Fouke earle of Aniou becommeth friende to kyng Henry the first 356.38 Forz William earle of Albemarle dyeth 528.44 Forestes deuided into foure quarters to be gouerned by foure Iustices 459.93 Folioth Robert made bishop of Hereford 432.57 Follioth Gilbert bishop of London sent ambassadour into France 406.43 Follioth Gilbert Bishoppe of London sent Ambassadour to the Pope 406.58 Foure bishops onely to goe out of Englād to the Popes general Councel 452.40 Fountneyes Abbey founded 394.27 Foure Archbishoprickes ordeyned in Ireland 386.31 Fodringhey castle taken by the Earle of Albemarle 618.55 Forestes seised into the kynges handes 313.73 Forcers of women to lose their geni◅als 316.44 Forestes ordred by kyng Henry the third 626.70 fougiers taken by the Englishe from the Duke of Britaine pag. 1274. col 1. lin 52. Floudes great in the Thames 1834.31 Lewes Earle of Flanders promiseth to marye Kyng Edwarde the thirds daughter 940.23 b. Flammocfe Thomas a Lawice and Rebel 1446.15 is put to death 1447.47 Flemmings released of dets and interdiction 912.46 a. Earle of Flāders arested 817. 6. a. fleeth into France 903.20 a. Lewes Earle of Flaunders slayne at Gresfey 934.32 b. Flanders interdyeted 908.1 a. Floudes 943.34 b. 1084.40 a. Flemmings dicomfited by the Bishop of Norwich 1043.20 a. Flix by feeding on fruites 1079.5 b. Flemmings moue Kyng Edward the third to take vppon hym the title of France 905.10 b. sweare fealtie to him 906.20 b. ayded the Earle of Henault 909.39 b. Flauius Victor Nobilissimus assistant with his Father Maximius in the Empire 97.63 Flauius Victor Nobilissimus slayne 97.96 Floud so great that a Ladde of eighteene yeares was drowned in a chanel of London 1870.6 Flemmings hope and iolitie in England layed in the dust 432.33 Flires of blood vexe the people of England 242.15 Flemmings discomfited at Cadfant 901.30 b. Florence of Gold coyned 922. 23. b. disanussed 924.23 a. Floriacensis cited 287.73 Fleetwood William Recorder of London 390.2 Florye Abbey in France 232.26 Flouddes in England 547.51 Flanders a great part drowned by breaking in of the Sea 347.16 Flatterers currifauourres sow sedition betweene king Henry the second and his sonne Henry 423.33 Flemmings sent home into theyr owne countrey 436.13 Floudes great dooing much harme in many places which are particularly set downe 1854.1 Flatterye in fooles wisely reproued 262.69 Flemmings comming ouer into England haue places appoynted them to inhabite 347.18 Flouddes 796.48 b. 897.25 a. 904.35 a. Flemmings banished 841.20 b. Fraunces of Lutzenburg sent Ambassadour from y e french kyng 1436.55 Fraunces Duke of Britaine dyeth 1434.38 France interdicted by y e Popes Legate 546.47 Frith Iohn burnt 1563.41 Frost extreame 1834.55 Frenchmen discomfited at Roche Darien 941.6 a. Frost 969.42 b. Frereyes suppressed 1471.32 Frenchmen spoyle the West countrey 1018.10 b. Frenchmen ayde the Scots 1048.30 b. Frier Randoll prisoner in the Tower of London pa. 1198 col 1 lin 51. French shippes taken by them of Calais 1050.20 a. Frost extreme pag. 1256. col 2 lin 6. pag. 1263. col 2. lin 48. French shippes taken 1056.21 b. French fleete disappoynted by tempest 1057.1 a. Frier Pynkye Prouinciall of the Augustine fryers pag. 1377. col 1. lin 2. his Sermon eadem lin 21. Frenchmen discomsited at Caen. 950.50 a. French army entreth Brytaine 916.6 b. Fruites of warre pag. 1254. col 1. lin 36. Friers burned at London 962 56. a. Frenchmen discomfited by the Archdeacon of Vnfort 928.33 b. Hugh de Fresnes Earle of Lincoln dyeth 899.35 b. French king followeth the duke of Lancaster 955.40 b. Frenchmen assist Duke William of Normandie in hys conquest of England 285.51 Frenchmen sent to ayde the Scots 915.40 a. French armie enter Gascoyn 928.24 a. Frenchmen discomfited at Aubaroch 927.7 b. French preparation to inuade England 1053.39 a. French men slaine at Creffy 935.50 a. French men discomfyted by Sir Iohn Harleston 1012.26 b. French armie assembled to raise the siege at Calais 941.40 b. Frenchmen slaine in Brytaine by the Englishmen 916.45 b. French king lyeth encamped at Bouins 912.3 a. French shippes taken by the English men 1045.20 b Froward dealing of the Earles Marshall and Hereford 830.44 a. 830.57 a. 834. a. 30. French men slayne in Guyen 874.26 b. inuade England 904.4 a. French Kyng dissembleth 543.100 French Nauie 908.44 a French fleete vanquished by Englishe men 615.58 Frost of a wonderful continuance 309.45 Fraunces the french king takē prisoner 1533.48 deliuered 1537.10 is made knight of the Garter 1541. 20. sendeth a defiance vnto the Emperour 1541.25 his speache vnto the Emperours Ambassadour in a solemne assembly 1546.50 chalendgeth the Emperour to the combat 1547.50 Fraunces the french kyng desireth to meete with Kyng Henry 1507.6 meeteth him in the bale of Audrien 1510 40. commeth to Guisnes 1511.11 Iusteth 1511. 14.
wordes agaynst hym 235.3 Kingdome of Eastangles ceaseth 211.40 Kingdome of East Angles subdued by king Edward 221.101 Kybius Corinnius Bishop of Anglesey 94.55 Kingdome of the South Saxons and the bounds thereof 125.65 Kings and great princes of Ireland come and submyt them selues to king Henry the second 419.60 Kylwarby Robert made Archbishop of CaÌ„terburi 782.38 Kineard and his conspiratours slaine 198.56 Kings of England and Scotland made friendes 708.67 Kingdome of Breâ—â—tia builded 140.6 Kinton Godfrey consecrated Archbyshop of Cantorburye at Rome 755.17 King Edward the fifth kept house at Ludlow pa. 1360. col 1. lin 8. came towarde London lin 7. returned by the Duke of Gloucestar to Northampton pa. 1362. col 1. lin 15. came to London pa. 1363. col 2. lin 34. conuayed to the Towre pa. 1370. col 1. lin 37. murdered Kinewulf slaine 196.40 Kinges of England when â—â—â—â—ly to be to accoumpted 231.94 King Henry the sixt proclaymed pag. 1220. col 1. lin 19. Kildare Earle restored to hys office of lorde Deputie of Ireland 1525.23 Kinarde Ferie Castle razed to the very ground 433.24 Kingdome of Kent bounded 119.6 Kinmatus looke Kynimacus Kings of England and France like pagies attâ—â—d vpon the Popes stirrop 401.74 Kingdome of West Saxons and the bounds therof 131.3 and. 137.79 Kingdome of Eastangles bouÌ„ded 126.85 Kimarus slayne by hys owne subiectes 29.57 Kilkenâ—…y William keeper of the great seale 723.3 Kingdome of East Saxons bounded 131.33 Kynimacus dyeth and is buried at Yorke 22.13 Kingdome of Mercee begun and bounded 143.39 Kirgils looke Cinegiscus 155. Killingworth Castle kept and furnished by the Barons 767.28 deliuered to Kyng Henry the thyrd 777.73 Kyrthling ii Eastangle 235.109 Kynwith Castle 214.67 King Henry the sixte hys part discomfited pa. 1311. col 2. lin 54. fled to Scotland pa. 1312. col 1. line 51. Kyng of Scots supported HeÌ„ry the sixt pag. 1312. col 2. lin 32. King of Churles 259.21 Kingdome of Mercia endeth 218.88 Kentishmen make an hurly burley pag. 1325. col 1. lin 37. Knightes made if they coulde spend xv poundes landes 732.2 and. 743.1 Knightes and men of warre commaunded to cut theyr heares short 359.81 Knights of the Bath pa. 1120. col 2. lin 46. Knightes made pa. 1177. col 1. lin 13. pag. 1187. col 2. lin 11.1189 col 2. lin 29. pa. 1212. col 1. lin 2. Knought sonne to Swanus looke Cnute Knightes see how many acres of land it containeth 312.105 Knightes murtherers of Archbyshop Thomas Becket flee after the deede and their death also described 417.6 Knightes made 1846.44 Knights made 1853.55 Sir Robert Knolles winneth Auxer 962.43 b. Knights made 1578.55 Knights of the Bath pa. 1387. col 1. lin 14. Knights of the Bath made 1560.30 Knights made 1528.30 Knights made 1521.16 Robert Knolles sent into Fraunce with an armie 981 50. a. destroyeth the countrey to Paris 991. a. his byrth 990.55 a. Knights names that slue Archbyshop Thomas Becket 415.61 Knyghts made 1487.27 Knyghts made pag. 1306. col 1. lin 1. Knyghts made 1632.18 and. 1633.50 Knights made 1493.49 Krikelade 252.29 Kreekers see aduenturers L. Lacy Roger sent into Normandie with men of armes 551.107 Lanfranke sickneth and dyeth 320.46 Lanfranke a good husband to the See of Canterburie 320.74 Lawes ordeyned by king William nothing so equal nor easie to be kept as the old lawes of England 303.58 Lammeth Church fyrst founded by Baldwyn Archbyshop of of Canterburie 537.1 rased by the commaundement of the Pope 577.27 and. 539.30 Laurence made Archbyshop of Canterburie 152.61 Laurence reproued for that he went about to forsake his flocke 158.42 Laurence scourged in a vision 158.40 Lacy Hugh conformed in al the landes of Meeth 421.35 Lacye Hugh made keeper of Dublin citie and Lord chiefe Iustice of Ireland 421.40 Lauerdyn Buchard expelleth his father out of the Earledome of Vandosme 432.47 Lawes of king Henry the first commaunded by king Iohn to be obserued in England 582.5 Lambert William translatour of the Saxon lawes into Latine 188.14 Lambert elected Archbyshop of Canterburie 199.23 Lago or Iago cousin to Gurgustius taketh vpon him the Gouernment of Britayn 21.104 Lacy Walter goeth about to take the Lord Curcie prisoner 552.53 Lacy Roger Constable of Chester taken prisoner 556.67 Lawes of the Realme perused and amended 395 44. Blanche Duches of Lancaster dyeth 981.28 a Lawes and officers after the Englishe manner appoynted to be vsed in Ireland by King Iohn 570.4 Langton Stephen chosen Archbyshop of Cantorbury by the Popes appoyntment 564.48 Iohn Duke of Lancastar passeth with an armie through Fraunce 994.2 a. returneth into England 995.12 a Latter thoughtes better aduised than the first 438.26 Lacy Roger Constable of Chester sworne to King Iohn 542.85 Lacy Roger made gouernour of Pomfret Castle 546.13 Lacy Roger delyuereth hys sonne and heyre to K. Iohn as an hostage of his loyaltie faithful obedieÌ„ce 546.14 Laurence Archbyshop of Dublin sent Ambassadour to K. Henry the second 441.95 Labienus one of the Romane Tribunes slayne 39.23 Thomas Earle of Lancastar taken 866.32 b. executed 867.24 a. Iohn Duke of Lancastar passeth into Fraunce with an armie 979.48 a. spoyleth many countryes in France 980.32 a. Langton Thomas Byshop of Winchester dyeth 1455.36 Lanfranke praysed for mayntayning Monkes in Cathedral Churches 320.98 Laton Richard knight sent into Britaine 1434.10 Law nor reason permit the sonne to iudge or condemne the father 405.93 Earles of Lancastar and Lincolne discoÌ„fited 810.27 b. Earle of Lancastar sent into Gascoine 815.31 b. putteth the French men to flyght 815.50 b. dyeth at Bayon 816.27 a. Landed men charged with furniture of warre 925.30 b. Iohn Duke of Lancastar goeth into Scotland 1075.22 b. Iohn Duke of Lancastar goeth into Spaine with an armye 1051.34 a. returneth again 1052.40 b. his daughter promised to the Prince of Spaine 1053.1 a. Duke of Lancaster created Duke of Aquitane 1076.58 a. his creation reuoked 1087.1 b. Duke of Lancaster accused of treason 1004.55 a Iohn Duke of Lancaster made Lieutenant of Aquitain 991.36 a. maryeth the eldest daughter of Peter King of Spaine 991.55 b. Laford Castle 605.30 Duke of Lancastar goeth into Aquitaine 1085.24 a. the Gascoynes denye to obey him 1085.5 b. Lambert alias Iohn Nicholson appealeth and is heard condemned and burnt 1571 50. Edmund of Langley created duke of Yorke 1050.58 a Simon Langham Archbishop of Canterbury made Cardinal 975.32 b Lambert William translated king Edmondes lawes into latine 228.51 Duke of Lancaster gouernor of England 997.44 b Laughing heard in the Romane Courtes Theater no man being there 60.116 Lancaster Castle deliuered to the Bishop of Durham 516 46. Lancaster sword 1119. co 2 lin 26. Latimer burned 1764.54 Henry sonne to the earle of Lancaster created Earle of Derby 900.13 b Laabin one of the names of Hercules 5.103 Henrye Earle of Lancaster against the Queene 892.37 a. Duke of Lancaster goeth to Scotland to treate of peace 1023.55 b. Duke of Lancaster goeth to sea with a Nauie 949.40 b Lanpeder vaur castle buylt
escapeth from the battaile of Lewes 770.88 S. Seuces takē 813.10 a Scots and Picts sore disquiet the Romaine subiects in Britaine 95.17 Scottes and Pictes vanquished by the Saxons 112.22 Scena son to Androgeus Erle of London 43.80 Scot Iohn Earle of Chester poysoned to death by his wife 650.20 Schollers of oxforde withdraw to Northamptō to studie 766.67 fight against King Henrye the third 766.69 Scottes vanquished and put to flight by Erle Siward 275.58 Scottes sommoned to appeare at Yorke 832.32 a Sroope Archbyshoppe of Yorke deuised articles againste Henry the .iiij. page 1137. col 1. line 4.1 Scottes inuade the English borders page 1188. colum 2. line 28. resisted line 30 Scottishe title discussed 800.47 a Scottish nobilitie sweare fealtie to the Kyng of England 803.40 a Scotlād spoyled 899.30 a Scotlande inuaded by the Duke of Lācaster 1046.7 b Scots conclude a league with the French 815.39 a Scholemaster of Paules page 1375. col 1. line 3 Geffrey Scrope Iustice dyeth 915.11 b Scots inuade Englande and besiege Careleile 818.26 a. enter Englād agayne 819.27 b. seeke for peace 827.25 a Richarde Scrope put frō the office of Chancellor 1040.1 a Scottish Lordes submitte them to King Edwarde the third 898.27 b Scottes spoyle the North parties 870.6 b Scurfa a Danishe Earle slayne 220.64 Scelton Richard a Tayler counsellor to Perkin Warbecke 1449.58 Scots spoyle the Northe Countrey 1022.2 a Scotte William 1447. line 20 Salerne Prince with others commeth to see his Maiestie 1579.54 Scrope Thomas alias Radley 1462.22 William Scrope created Erle of Wiltshire 1097.30 b. fleeth to Bristowe 1105.12 b. beheaded 1106 14. b. Scottes spoyle Cumberland 1049.16 b. Scottishe Kyng sendeth Ambassadors to Kyng Iohn 545.60 Scory Doctor Bishop of Hereford 1803.9 Scots ayde the Britaines against the Saxons 120. line 10 The Scriptures translated into English by Tindall Ioy and other forbidden 1555.1 Scottes brenne in Northumberland page 1132. colom 1. line 18. ouerthrowen page 1135. col 1. line 10.49 Scottes Picts and Saxons inuade the Romane prouince in Britaine 106.60 Scottes inuade England 853.40 b. 854.48 a. 858.4 b. 890.20 a. Scotlande spoyled by the Englishmen 1047.50 a. Scots make dayly reifes and inuasions into England 368.15 Scottish King renounceth his homage 819.10 b A Schoole foūded at Bedford 1816.30 Schoole-built by the company of the Merchaunt Taylers 1814.50 Schoole erected at Cambridge 30.93 Scotlande resigned into King Edward the thirds hands 955.6 a Scottes inuade England page 1291. col 1. line 1 Scots giue their daughters in marriage to the Pictes vpon condition 67.57 Scotland inuaded by the Romaines 69.87 Scottes inhabiting the furthermost parte of Scotlande discouered by the Romaines 70.10 Scottes and Pictes driuen out of Britaine by the aid of the Romaines 100.6 Scots and Picts breake downe the wall and enter again into Britaine 100.20 Scots and Picts returne into Britaine by sea and inhabite the North parts of the I le 100.72 Scottes and Picts enter vpon the Britaines and chase them out of theyr Townes 101.6 Scottes and Picts when firste they came to inhabite Britaine 102.15 Scotland interdited 855.21 a. Dauid King of Scottes inuadeth England 939.37 a. taken 940.3 a. Scottish Kings subiecte to the Kings of England 222.62 Scottes subdued by Sea and land by Kyng Adelstane 225.69 Scottes take an othe to bee true vnto King Edredus 229 45 Scottes submit thēselues and do homage to King Arthur 133.52 Scottishe King sendeth Ambassadors into Normandye to King Iohn 542.95 Scottes sue earnestly to the Englishmenne for peace and obteyne it 37.43 Scottes subdued by King Adelstane 225.21 Scottes acknowledge to holde their Kyngdome of the King of England 225.27 Scottes get parte of the English confines within Cumberlande 225.33 Scottishe Kyng came to Kyng Iohn to Lincolne and there did homage 550.5 Scottes inuade the English Frōtiers 1046.36 b Scarborrough Castel deliuered to the King 396. line 27 Scottes inuade the Englishe marckes with an armye vnto Careleile 366.67 Scots inuade the North partes of England with an army 306.114 Scottishe Kings to do homage to the King of England for the Realme of Scotland 307.62 Scottish King refuseth to come to Kyng Iohn 545.80 Scots inuade Englande and are repulsed wyth losse of their owne dominions 396.80 Scottish K. Alexander cōpoundeth for peace with K. Iohn 568.30 and deliuereth .ij. of his daughters for hostage 568.31 Scottishe Ambassadoures not suffered to passe thorough England to king Iohn into Normandye 543.5 Scottishe King promiseth to doe homage to Kyng Iohn 542.103 Scottish King offereth his seruice to Kyng Iohn 543.1 Scottishe K. requireth restitution of Northumberlande and Cumberland 542.98 Scorastan battaile fought by the Danes against the Englishmen 251.87 Scottishe King returneth home 550.30 Scottes inuade Northūberland with an armye 322.24 Scottes sue for peace and retire 322.32 Scottes vtterly discomfited slayne or taken by the Englishmen 324. line 69 Scottes moue warre and are brought to obediēce by the Englishmen 261. line 64 Scottishe King doeth homage to Henrye eldest sonne to King Henry the second 401.78 Sceorstan battaile fought betweene the Englishmen and Danes wyth equall victorie 254.41 Scottes eftsoone inuade Northumberlande 369. line 41 Scotttes discomfited and put to flight 370.44 Scots breake truce with the Englishmen 310.77 Scotney Walter arraigned and cōdemned 754.20 hee is executed at Winchester 754.34 Scottish Churche in Ireland disagreeth in some pointes from the Romaine Church 156.1 Scottish K. Alexander goeth through Englande to the siege of Douer and there did homage to Lewes 603.25 Scots beaten downe and put to flighte by the Englishmen at Alnewike 434.72 Scotus Iohn murthered by his Schollers in the Abbey of Malmesburie 218.34 Scottes repulsed out of Northumberlande and from the siege of Careleile 428.3 Scottishe kings to doe homage and fealtie to the kings of England being necessarily therevnto required 440.41 Scottish Bishops renoūce their obedience to the Churche of Englande 443.9 Scottes sende aide to the Britaine 's againste the Romaines 39.36 Scottes not once named by the auntient Romane writers 59.36 Scots from whence they came into Britaine 108. line 25 Scots and Picts inuade Britaine and wast the Countrey 111.27 Lamberte Semnell counterfet Erle of Warwike is receyued with greate honour in Ireland 1428.40 is proclaymed King 1430.40 is taken prisoner and made firste a tourne broach and then a Fawkener 1431.22 Secular Priestes smally regarded 234.29 Secular Priestes make complaint of the wrong done vnto them 235.86 Secular priestes constreyned to auoyd their Colledges and leaue them to Monkes Nunnes 234.31 Secular priests with their wiues brought into Monasteries 235.100 Secular Priests sute dasshed by the counsell of Winchester 236.9 Seymer Edwarde made Knyghte 1526.40 is created Viscunt Beauchamp 1561.55 is created Earle of Hertford 1571.4 made Lieutenāunte of the Northe partes 1592.10 entreth Scotlande wyth an armye committyng greate wast eadem 50. hys honorable iourney in Bolognois 1599.33 entring Scotland with a power destroyeth all the townes in the middell Marches 1602.37 eftsoones inuadeth Scotlande burnyng a greate parte
the Earles of Warwicke Suffolke and Stafforde the Lordes Spencer Wylloughbie and others tooke the Sea at Burdeaux the eight of Iuly returned into Englande This yeare the fifth of Iune died William Wittelsey Archbish of Canterburie Death of the Archb. of Cant. after whose death the Monkes chose to that sea the Cardinal of Winchester with which election the king was nothing contented so that after muche money spent by the Monkes to obteyne theyr purpose at length they were disappoynted 〈◊〉 â—…udbury elected Archbishop and Doctor Symon Sudberie was admitted to that dignitie that before was Bishoppe of London beeing the lvij Archebishoppe that hadde ruled that See He was chosen by the appoyntment of the king and consent of the Pope for alreadâ—… was that decree worne out of vse whereby the election of Bishoppes should haue rested in the voyces of them of the Cathedrall Churche for not onely thys Simon Archbishop of Canterburie but other also were ordeyned Bishops from thenceforth by the wyll and authoritie of the Popes and Kings of thys Realme till at length it came so to passe that onely the Kinges instituted Bishoppes and the Bishoppes ordeyned other gouernours vnder them of meaner degâ—… so that the Popes within a while lost al their authoritie which they had before time within â—…is realme in the appointing of Bishops other râ—…lers of churches and in like maner also they lost shortly after their authoritie of leuying 〈◊〉 of spirituall promotions the which they in foâ—… times had vsed to the great detriment of y e 〈◊〉 which lost nothing by this newe ordinance for the English people were not coÌ„pelled afterwards to departe with their money vnto straungers so largely as before and so then they beâ—… to taste the benefit For this Edward the thiâ—… was the first that caused an act to be made The beginning 〈◊〉 statute of 〈…〉 that 〈◊〉 â—…der a great penaltie shoulde seeke to obteyne anâ—… spirituall promotions within this real 〈◊〉 the Pope or bring any sutes to his court 〈◊〉 by way of appeale And that those that were y e orders of any such offenders against this act shoulde run in daunger of the same paine which acte by those kings that succeeded was not onely coÌ„maunded to be kept but also coÌ„firmed with new penalties and is called the statute of Premunire Caxton 1375 An. reg 49. Aboute Candlemasse there met at Bruges as CoÌ„missioners for the king of England the duke of Lancaster the Erle of Salisburie the Bishop of London For the French king The coÌ„missioners meet at Bridges the Dukes of Aniou Burgoine the Erale of Salchruce and the Bishop of Amiens with others Finally wheÌ„ they could not agree vpon no good conclusion for peace A truce taken betwixt England France they accorded vpon a truce to endure to the first of May next ensuing in al y e Marches of Calais vp to the water of Some but y e other places were at libertie to be stil in warre Fabian by report of other writers the truce was agreed vpon to continue till the feast of all Saints next ensuing About the same time that the foresayde Commissioners were at Bruges intreating of peace Froissart the duke of Britaine did so much with his father in law king Edwarde that about the beginning of April Thom. VVals An army sent ouer into Britaine with the Duke he sent ouer with him into Brytaine the Erles of CaÌ„bridge Marche Warwike Stafford the L. Spencer sir Thomas HollaÌ„d sir Nicholas Camois sir Edw. Twiford sir Richard Ponchardon Sir Iohn Lesselles sir Thomas Grandson sir Hugh Hastings and diuerse other worthie captains with a power of three thousand Archers and two thousand men of Armes A little before the concluding of this truce the Englishe men and others wythin the Fortresse of Saint Sauiour le Vicount in the I le or rather Close as they call it of Constantine which had beene long besieged made a composition that if they were not rescued by a certaine day then shoulde they yeelde vp the place to the Frenchmen Nowe bycause this truce was agreed before the daye appoynted for the rescue of that place with condition that eyther parte should enioye and holde that which at that present they hadde in possession during the tearme of the truce the Englishe men thought that Saint Sauiour le Vicount shoulde be saued by reason of that treatie but the Frenchmen to the contrarie mouched that the first couenaunt ought to pass the laste ordinance So that when the day approched the French king sent thither six M. speares knights and esquiers Saint Sauiour le Vicount yelded beside other people and bycause none appeared to giue them battail they had the towne deliuered to them In this xlix yeare of king Edwards raigne a great death chaunced in this lande Tho. VVas Fabian and in dyuerse other Countries so that innumerable numbers of people dyed and perished of that contagious sicknesse Amongst other the Lorde Edwarde Spencer died the same yere The 〈…〉 Polidor The erle of Pembroke 〈…〉 a man of great renowme and valiancie Also the Erle of Pembroke hauing coÌ„pounded for his raunsome as hee was vpon his returne from Spaine comming homewardes through France he fel sike and being brought in an horslitter to Arras he died there on the xvj day of Aprill leauing a sonne behinde hym not past two yeares of age begotte of the Countesâ—… his wyfe called Anne daughter vnto the Lorde Walter de Manny Polidore mistaking the matter sayth that the Countesse of Pembroke Marie that buylded Pembroke Hall in Cambridge was wife to this Earle of Pembroke Iohn Hastings where as in deede she was wife to his auncester Aymer de Valence Earle of Pembrooke as Iohn Stow in hys Summarie hathe truely noted Iohn 〈◊〉 She was daughter to Guy Earle of Saint Poule a worthie ladie and a vertuous tendering so muche the wealthfull state of this lande a greate parte whereof consisteth in the good bringing vppe of youth and trayning them to the knowledge of learning that for maintenaunce of studentes the beganne the foresayde commendable foundation about the yeare of Christ 1343. vppon a plotte of grounde that was hir owne hauing purchased lycence thereto of the King to whome shee was of kinne During that grieuous mortalitie and cruell pesistence before remembred the Pope at the instant request of the English Cardinalles graunted vnto all those that dyed in Englande beeing shâ—… and repentant of theyr sinnes cleane remission of the same by two Bulles enclosed vnder leade The Duke of Lancaster about the feaste of all Saintes Froissart Câ—… 〈…〉 peace mette with the French Commissioners againe at Bruges There was wyth him the Duke of Britaigne the Earle of Salisburie and the Bishop of London For the French king there appeared the Duke of Burgoyne the Earle of Salebrâ—…che and the Bishop of Amiens And at Saint Omers laye the Duke of