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alteration_n in_o the_o weight_n of_o our_o money_n the_o particular_a evidence_n of_o the_o time_n i_o can_v discover_v but_o it_o have_v be_v make_v plain_a and_o evident_a that_o between_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n edw._n i._n and_o the_o end_n of_o king_n hen._n viii_o our_o money_n lose_v 2_o part_n in_o 3_o of_o its_o weight_n which_o it_o have_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edw._n i._n and_o this_o i_o think_v must_v pass_v as_o a_o indisputable_a truth_n our_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v often_o relate_v to_o the_o usage_n of_o our_o neighbour_n and_o especial_o those_o of_o france_n and_o paris_n stat._n 28_o edw._n i._o 20._o gold_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o touch_n of_o paris_n and_o stat._n edw._n iii_o before_o there_o shall_v be_v but_o 18_o d._n per_fw-la lib._n allow_v for_o the_o fashion_n of_o silver_n vessel_n as_o they_o do_v at_o paris_n stat._n 5_o rich._n ii_o 2._o complain_n of_o the_o great_a mischief_n which_o the_o kingdom_n then_o suffer_v by_o carry_v gold_n and_o silver_n in_o money_n and_o plate_n into_o foreign_a part_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n so_o that_o in_o effect_n there_o be_v none_o thereof_o leave_v such_o transportation_n be_v by_o this_o act_n severe_o forbid_v so_o 8_o hen._n vi_o 24._o complain_v that_o merchant_n alien_n of_o late_a have_v take_v up_o a_o custom_n that_o when_o they_o sell_v good_n within_o the_o realm_n they_o will_v not_o demand_v nor_o receive_v payment_n in_o silver_n but_o will_v be_v pay_v in_o gold_n noble_n half_a noble_n and_o farthing_n of_o gold_n which_o they_o carry_v into_o foreign_a country_n and_o by_o that_o
jewel_n which_o penda_n reject_v and_o anno_fw-la 655._o oswy_a overthrow_v and_o kill_v penda_n in_o battle_n holinshead_n fol._n 113._o say_v that_o about_o anno_fw-la 650._o osunus_n brother_n of_o oswald_n king_n of_o northumberland_n obtain_v peace_n of_o cadwallo_n by_o great_a gift_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n fol._n 119._o say_v egbert_n king_n of_o kent_n and_o oswy_a king_n of_o northumberland_n send_v wighart_n a_o priest_n of_o good_a reputation_n to_o the_o pope_n about_o anno_fw-la 666._o with_o great_a gift_n and_o rich_a vessel_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n desire_v that_o wighart_n may_v be_v ordain_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n speed_z fol._n 227._o the_o kentish-man_n in_o anno_fw-la 690._o buy_v their_o peace_n of_o ina_n the_o west_n saxon_a king_n for_o 30000_o mark_n of_o silver_n this_o ina_n in_o anno_fw-la 727._o new-built_a and_o garnish_v the_o abbey_n of_o glassenbury_n and_o especial_o the_o chapel_n with_o gold_n silver_n and_o rich_a ornament_n as_o altar_n chalice_n censer_n candlestick_n basin_n for_o holy_a water_n bucket_n image_n and_o all_o for_o the_o altar_n so_o as_o the_o gold_n therein_o bestow_v amount_v to_o 333_o pound_n weight_n of_o that_o mettle_n and_o the_o silver_n to_o 2835_o pound_n weight_n beside_o precious_a gem_n embroach_v upon_o the_o celebrate_v vestment_n fol._n 313._o so_o offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n anno_fw-la 775._o give_v pope_n adrian_n rich_a gift_n to_o make_v alban_n a_o saint_n build_v he_o a_o abbey_n anno_fw-la 795._o with_o revenue_n to_o maintain_v 100_o monk_n holinshed_a fol._n 132._o he_o cause_v his_o saint_n bone_n to_o be_v put_v in_o a_o rich_a shrine_n adorn_v with_o gold_n and_o rich_a stone_n both_o these_o king_n go_v to_o rome_n and_o give_v the_o pope_n peter_n pence_n of_o their_o several_a kingdom_n which_o baker_n fol._n 6._o call_v the_o king_n alm_n enjoin_v every_o one_o of_o those_o king_n subject_n who_o have_v in_o their_o house_n the_o value_n of_o 20_o penny_n in_o one_o sort_n of_o good_n to_o pay_v a_o penny_n to_o the_o pope_n there_o lie_v before_o i_o a_o paper_n of_o collection_n concern_v specimen_n of_o the_o wealth_n of_o england_n in_o silver_n and_o gold_n in_o all_o the_o time_n of_o our_o present_a period_n viz._n till_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n hen_n 3._o but_o i_o forbear_v for_o brevity-sake_n to_o insert_v they_o here_o but_o will_v proceed_v to_o examine_v and_o collect_v the_o value_n and_o weight_n of_o rich_a mettle_n and_o the_o money_n of_o those_o time_n the_o king_n may_v acquire_v some_o riches_n and_o money_n but_o the_o people_n pay_v their_o tax_n and_o fine_n for_o their_o offence_n in_o cattle_n or_o corn_n and_o that_o there_o may_v be_v more_o dispatch_n and_o less_o dispute_n in_o such_o case_n a_o book_n of_o rate_n be_v establish_v among_o they_o as_o by_o the_o annal_n of_o dr._n brady_n fol._n 64._o they_o know_v the_o name_n of_o skill_a and_o have_v two_o sort_n of_o they_o one_o sort_n of_o two_o thrimsa_n as_o another_o of_o three_o and_o this_o their_o book_n of_o rate_n ordain_v that_o a_o steer_v of_o twelve_o month_n old_a shall_v be_v a_o valuable_a payment_n or_o satisfaction_n for_o a_o lesser_a skilling_n of_o 2_o thrimsa_n and_o a_o stter_n of_o 16_o month_n old_a for_o a_o great_a skill_a of_o 3_o thrimsa_n and_o so_o a_o cow_n and_o her_o calf_n for_o two_o such_o skilling_n and_o a_o half_a two_o plough-oxen_n for_o five_o skillings_n one_o good_a ox_n for_o three_o skilling_n a_o steer_v of_o four_o year_n old_a at_o 2_o s._n a_o sound_a horse_n for_o 6_o s._n a_o mare_n of_o coition_n 3_o s_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v some_o evidence_n that_o the_o saxon_a money_n at_o their_o first_o conquest_n be_v count_v a_o pound_n troy_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n in_o weight_n to_o every_o pound_n of_o their_o money_n so_o count_v in_o the_o expense_n of_o glassenbury_n and_o that_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o three_o time_n the_o weight_n of_o our_o last_o money_n of_o the_o heavy_a and_o that_o the_o silver_n of_o that_o time_n be_v seven_o time_n the_o value_n of_o that_o mettle_n in_o our_o time_n whence_o three_o time_n seven_o be_v twenty_o one_o it_o seem_v their_o money_n or_o skilling_n be_v at_o least_o the_o value_n of_o twenty_o time_n our_o present_a money_n and_o let_v we_o examine_v our_o quote_v price_n by_o this_o rule_n viz._n a_o steer_v of_o a_o year_n old_a at_o a_o skilling_n of_o our_o twenty_o or_o twenty_o one_o one_o sixteen_o month_n old_a at_o a_o like_a rate_n of_o the_o great_a skillings_n a_o cow_n and_o her_o calf_n for_o 2_o s._n 6_o d._n come_v to_o 2_o l._n 13_o s._n at_o increase_v of_o 21._o two_o plow-oxen_n 5_o s._n make_v 5_o l._n 5_o s._n at_o our_o proportion_n a_o good_a one_o 3_o s._n make_v 3_o l._n 3_o s._n a_o sound_n work_n horse_v at_o 6_o s._n make_v 6_o l._n 6_o s._n a_o mare_n at_o 3_o s._n make_v 3_o l._n 3_o s._n these_o rate_n show_v that_o i_o be_o rather_o short_a of_o the_o value_n of_o those_o time_n than_o beyond_o it_o and_o for_o corn_n their_o book_n of_o rate_n set_v 30_o schessils_n of_o rye_n 40_o of_o barley_n and_o 60_o of_o oat_n each_o at_o a_o like_a rate_n viz._n each_o to_o pass_v at_o the_o value_n of_o a_o skilling_n of_o 3_o thrimsa_n if_o we_o take_v these_o schessils_n for_n peck_v here_o will_v be_v 30_o peck_v of_o rye_n for_o 21_o s._n and_o barley_n at_o little_a more_o than_o 6_o d._n a-peck_n and_o oat_n at_o a_o little_a more_o than_o a_o groat_n a-peck_n whence_o the_o proportion_n of_o 1_o to_o 21._o seem_v rather_o too_o little_a than_o too_o much_o i_o can_v go_v on_o and_o show_v that_o in_o succeed_a time_n to_o that_o of_o king_n alfred_n who_o reign_v from_o anno_fw-la 872._o to_o 901_o the_o plenty_n of_o silver_n increase_v and_o its_o value_n and_o esteem_n fall_v from_o 7_o time_n our_o value_n to_o 5_o time_n our_o value_n their_o weight_n hold_v still_o the_o same_o to_o be_v 3_o time_n as_o heavy_a as_o we_o but_o the_o value_n be_v then_o but_o 5_o time_n more_o than_o we_o whence_o value_v of_o alfred_n time_n be_v to_o we_o but_o as_o 15_o to_o 1_o so_o as_o a_o juror_n 40_o s._n a_o year_n then_o be_v equal_a to_o 30_o l._n ayear_n now_o the_o value_n of_o silver_n go_v on_o decrease_v as_o the_o metal_n grow_v more_o plentiful_a and_o king_n athelstan_n grandchild_n to_o alfred_n who_o reign_v till_o 940._o make_v a_o law_n that_o if_o any_o one_o above_o the_o age_n of_o 12_o year_n steal_v above_o the_o value_n of_o 12_o d._n he_o shall_v be_v attach_v for_o felony_n this_o 12_o d._n be_v the_o value_n of_o 15_o s._n in_o alfred_n time_n not_o so_o at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n but_o of_o about_o 14_o s._n and_o yet_o still_o it_o stand_v in_o terminis_fw-la as_o a_o snare_n to_o juror_n who_o will_v not_o hang_v a_o small_a thief_n and_o therefore_o though_o it_o appear_v clear_o that_o the_o steal_a good_n be_v worth_a 5_o s._n or_o more_o they_o do_v ordinary_o say_v upon_o their_o oath_n that_o they_o be_v worth_a but_o 10_o d._n or_o 12_o d._n which_o stand_v need_n of_o a_o redress_n by_o restore_v the_o old_a value_n as_o other_o thing_n also_o do_v evidence_n may_v be_v collect_v of_o silver_n decrease_v in_o value_n till_o the_o end_n of_o our_o present_a period_n and_o by_o what_o degree_n but_o for_o brevity_n we_o be_v content_v at_o present_a to_o say_v it_o do_v so_o the_o pound_n of_o silver_n in_o money_n still_o continue_v the_o same_o viz._n every_o pound_n in_o money_n weigh_v a_o full_a pound_n troy_n or_o 12_o ounce_n in_o weight_n and_o every_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v in_o the_o end_n of_o king_n henry_n iii_o be_v reign_n value_v at_o 20_o d._n we_o have_v take_v his_o reign_n for_o the_o begin_n of_o our_o last_o period_n during_o which_o we_o may_v hope_v to_o find_v more_o certain_a assistance_n from_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n than_o we_o have_v in_o the_o former_a period_n in_o our_o way_n we_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o when_o the_o saxon_n come_v first_o into_o england_n and_o prevail_v over_o the_o roman_a province_n there_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n settle_v themselves_o in_o spain_n the_o lombard_n in_o italy_n the_o allemans_n in_o germany_n the_o frank_n in_o france_n and_o that_o all_o those_o nation_n be_v nortman_n and_o have_v one_o fountain_n or_o original_a who_o bring_v out_o of_o their_o common_a country_n much_o the_o same_o or_o the_o like_a custom_n one_o of_o they_o to_o the_o other_o also_o the_o like_a weight_n and_o usage_n about_o their_o money_n a_o pound_n troy_n of_o silver_n be_v count_v and_o call_v a_o pound_n of_o their_o money_n among_o
true_a and_o therefore_o let_v we_o no_o more_o coin_n money_n of_o the_o ancient_a weight_n pag._n 3._o he_o say_v if_o the_o price_n of_o gold_n be_v not_o bring_v down_o we_o can_v keep_v our_o silver_n i_o say_v let_v we_o bring_v down_o the_o weight_n of_o our_o silver_n money_n and_o then_o we_o shall_v keep_v it_o against_o all_o the_o effort_n which_o the_o gold_n can_v make_v upon_o we_o he_o make_v a_o long_a objection_n against_o his_o opinion_n but_o it_o be_v like_o those_o which_o man_n common_o produce_v in_o like_a case_n viz._n a_o very_a weak_a one_o that_o man_n can_v transport_v silver_n because_o it_o be_v forbid_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n if_o that_o accompanied_z with_o most_o rigorous_a punishment_n can_v have_v serve_v the_o turn_n the_o kingdom_n can_v never_o have_v swarm_v with_o clipper_n and_o coiner_n as_o it_o do_v next_o he_o say_v other_o pretend_v that_o the_o value_n or_o price_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v rise_v over_o all_o europe_n this_o he_o deny_v and_o say_v it_o be_v absolute_o false_a and_o argue_v the_o case_n from_o many_o topic_n of_o which_o he_o give_v no_o more_o assurance_n than_o his_o own_o assertion_n in_o which_o we_o have_v find_v divers_a mistake_n before_o nor_o seem_v the_o objection_n great_o material_a against_o his_o opinion_n nor_o deserve_v of_o any_o long_a examination_n as_o be_v rather_o amuse_v than_o instructive_a pag._n 4._o he_o say_v again_o silver_n be_v now_o at_o 6_o s._n 2_o d._n the_o ounce_n and_o if_o we_o coin_v new_a money_n to_o be_v currant_n at_o 5_o s._n 2_o d._n the_o ounce_n it_o will_v sink_v into_o the_o melting-pot_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v coin_v and_o then_o pass_v to_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o water_n and_o with_o less_o ceremony_n than_o he_o mention_n and_o so_o we_o can_v never_o hope_v to_o have_v any_o plenty_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o new_a money_n and_o i_o say_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o assertion_n be_v so_o evident_a in_o itself_o that_o it_o must_v needs_o pass_v for_o undeniable_a he_o propound_v a_o opinion_n that_o give_v 3_o d._n a_o ounce_n for_o bring_v silver_n into_o the_o mint_n will_v remedy_v this_o but_o he_o reject_v it_o as_o a_o frivolous_a opinion_n to_o think_v that_o to_o gain_v 3_o d._n any_o man_n will_v lose_v 9_o d._n for_o who_o say_v he_o will_v give_v 6_o s._n 2_o d._n a_o ounce_n for_o silver_n and_o then_o bring_v it_o to_o the_o mint_n to_o be_v debase_v by_o the_o coinage_n to_o the_o rate_n and_o value_n of_o 5_o s._n 2_o d._n though_o 3_o d._n be_v allow_v for_o the_o bring_n to_o the_o mint_n i_o say_v that_o herein_o we_o be_v perfect_o agree_v and_o that_o all_o this_o be_v clear_o true_a and_o that_o the_o only_a remedy_n to_o avoid_v these_o apparent_a mischief_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v by_o lightning_n the_o weight_n of_o our_o money_n to_o the_o set_v it_o at_o somewhat_o a_o high_a rate_n than_o bullion_n as_o before_o have_v be_v prove_v and_o will_v both_o bring_v silver_n into_o the_o kingdom_n and_o keep_v it_o there_o when_o it_o be_v coin_v into_o money_n as_o much_o as_o the_o king_n be_v foreign_a necessity_n will_v permit_v next_o he_o say_v there_o be_v no_o way_n to_o sink_v the_o price_n of_o silver_n and_o keep_v our_o money_n when_o coin_v but_o by_o sink_v the_o price_n of_o gold_n i_o answer_v that_o nothing_o that_o england_n can_v do_v be_v able_a to_o alter_v the_o price_n of_o silver_n in_o other_o place_n of_o europe_n from_o whence_o we_o must_v acquire_v and_o obtain_v it_o and_o therefore_o our_o seek_v to_o sink_v it_o will_v be_v a_o vain_a endeavour_n but_o we_o can_v raise_v the_o value_n of_o it_o and_o money_n in_o our_o own_o country_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n draw_v it_o into_o the_o kingdom_n as_o we_o do_v the_o guineas_n and_o keep_v it_o by_o make_v it_o pass_v at_o somewhat_o a_o high_a value_n here_o than_o it_o do_v in_o the_o neighbour_n nation_n and_o this_o i_o conceive_v be_v the_o only_a way_n to_o bring_v silver_n and_o money_n into_o england_n where_o it_o have_v be_v for_o a_o long_a time_n too_o much_o sink_v by_o a_o low_a value_n at_o home_n which_o have_v be_v the_o general_a reason_n of_o transport_v it_o to_o our_o neighbour_n who_o set_v a_o high_a value_n and_o esteem_v upon_o it_o well_o but_o still_o he_o say_v sink_v of_o gold_n at_o home_n will_v sink_v the_o silver_n without_o mention_v his_o reason_n of_o the_o consequence_n or_o the_o manner_n how_o it_o shall_v work_v which_o i_o confess_v pass_v my_o understanding_n and_o beside_o we_o find_v by_o dear_a experience_n that_o he_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v in_o this_o assertion_n for_o now_o the_o price_n of_o gold_n have_v be_v sink_v very_o low_a among_o we_o for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o month_n or_o more_o and_o what_o effect_n have_v we_o find_v of_o it_o be_v the_o price_n of_o bullion_n sink_v by_o it_o not_o at_o all_o but_o rather_o increase_v what_o then_o why_o it_o have_v drive_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o gold_n to_o seek_v a_o new_a settlement_n in_o other_o country_n where_o they_o set_v a_o great_a price_n and_o value_n upon_o it_o a_o guinea_n he_o have_v tell_v we_o go_v at_o the_o rate_n of_o 1_o l._n 7_o s._n in_o holland_n and_o be_v it_o so_o hard_a to_o get_v guineas_n over_o thither_o in_o specie_fw-la that_o those_o who_o have_v they_o will_v rather_o choose_v to_o vent_v they_o here_o at_o 22_o s._n than_o to_o send_v over_o and_o make_v the_o rate_n of_o 27_o s._n of_o they_o or_o pass_v they_o in_o ireland_n at_o 26_o s._n no_o man_n can_v doubt_v but_o the_o set_v this_o low_a rate_n upon_o they_o have_v make_v they_o fly_v into_o foreign_a part_n again_o and_o will_v in_o time_n utter_o banish_v they_o from_o this_o kingdom_n as_o it_o have_v do_v our_o silver_n and_o the_o money_n of_o it_o and_o then_o we_o may_v become_v such_o animal_n as_o his_o sophistry_n pretend_v to_o make_v we_o without_o money_n either_o of_o gold_n or_o silver_n among_o we_o of_o which_o condition_n we_o have_v at_o present_a a_o very_a bitter_a taste_n and_o a_o deep_a sense_n upon_o all_o our_o apprehension_n and_o this_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n have_v be_v the_o true_a and_o sensible_a effect_n of_o our_o state_n follow_v his_o advice_n for_o the_o sink_n of_o guineas_n so_o low_a as_o to_o drive_v the_o use_n of_o they_o from_o among_o we_o at_o a_o time_n when_o clip_v money_n may_v not_o pass_v and_o new_a money_n be_v not_o coin_v to_o any_o degree_n that_o can_v be_v serviceable_a to_o the_o kingdom_n prove_v what_o may_v be_v expect_v in_o future_a from_o our_o reliance_n and_o the_o conduct_n of_o such_o state_n politic_n in_o his_o postscript_n he_o say_v it_o be_v assert_v by_o some_o and_o i_o have_v quote_v he_o for_o one_o of_o those_o assertor_n that_o a_o guinea_n now_o in_o holland_n be_v worth_a 27_o s._n english_a it_o seem_v strange_a he_o do_v not_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o must_v be_v mean_v of_o our_o clip_v shilling_n but_o he_o find_v another_o evasion_n upon_o that_o point_n and_o say_v you_o must_v conceive_v that_o when_o i_o say_v a_o guinea_n there_o be_v worth_a 27_o s._n the_o exchange_n or_o price_n of_o return_n of_o money_n from_o england_n to_o holland_n be_v put_v into_o the_o account_n this_o price_n of_o return_n at_o 20_o per_fw-la cent._n be_v 4_o s._n per_fw-la lib._n but_o say_v he_o this_o 4_o s._n to_o our_o 22_o s._n both_o make_v 26_o s._n but_o neither_o so_o do_v the_o witness_n of_o his_o computation_n agree_v together_o for_o 26_o be_v not_o 27_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v i_o dare_v not_o trust_v he_o any_o long_o upon_o his_o bare_a word_n or_o assertion_n but_o desire_v it_o may_v be_v inquire_v per_fw-la page_n how_o far_o he_o be_v to_o be_v believe_v in_o this_o particular_a in_o which_o we_o may_v be_v soon_o certain_o resolve_v upon_o their_o daily_a experience_n and_o to_o which_o in_o this_o point_n i_o be_o willing_a to_o refer_v myself_o thus_o have_v i_o examine_v our_o author_n book_n and_o two_o letter_n all_o of_o this_o sort_n that_o come_v to_o my_o hand_n of_o his_o write_n without_o omit_v any_o thing_n material_a even_o to_o his_o very_a postscript_n and_o upon_o the_o whole_a i_o find_v a_o great_a inclination_n in_o myself_o to_o conceive_v that_o his_o whole_a progress_n tend_v rather_o to_o the_o promote_a of_o a_o design_n viis_fw-la &_o modis_fw-la than_o to_o a_o sincere_a delivery_n of_o the_o truth_n in_o this_o matter_n i_o have_v before_o observe_v that_o he_o abominate_v the_o injustice_n as_o he_o call_v it_o in_o make_v creditor_n and_o landlord_n take_v