Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	king_n	time_n	year_n	19,963	5	5.0438	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A38520	Epistola Medio-Saxonica, or, Middlesex first letter to His Excellency, the Lord General Cromwell together with their petition concerning tithes and copy-holds of inheritance, presented to the supreme authority, the Parliament of England : wherein the tortious and illegal usurpation of tithes, contrary to Magna Charta, is discovered, the blemished dignity of copy-holders revived, and how lords of manors have formerly incroached upon their liberties, by imposing arbitrary fines, and multiplying of heriots : whereunto is annexed two additional cases concerning the unreasonable exactions of fines and heriots, contrary to law, in these latter times ...	Cromwell, Oliver, 1599-1658.; Wingfield, Augustus. Vindiciae Medico-Saxonicae.	1653 (1653)	Wing E3170; ESTC R5296	18,776	30

the_o say_a treatiser_n argument_n be_v full_o manifest_v and_o the_o say_a letter_n and_o petition_n clear_o vindicate_v from_o error_n and_o mistake_n by_o aug_n wingfield_n a_o member_n of_o this_o present_a parliament_n london_n print_v by_o f.l._n for_o william_n larnar_n at_o the_o blackmore_n near_o fleet-bridge_n 1653._o tithe_n total_o rout_v by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la have_v peruse_v a_o treatise_n of_o tithe_n pen_v by_o way_n of_o answer_n to_o its_o opponent_n by_o one_o as_o it_o be_v conceive_v of_o the_o long_a robe_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o give_v timely_a admonition_n that_o though_o he_o pretend_v to_o be_v a_o well_o wisher_n to_o religion_n and_o propriety_n yet_o when_o he_o speak_v fair_a man_n believe_v he_o not_o for_o there_o be_v it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v seven_o abomination_n in_o his_o heart_n who_o though_o his_o sophisticated_a argument_n be_v cover_v with_o deceit_n yet_o shall_v his_o wickedness_n be_v show_v before_o the_o whole_a congregation_n prov._n 26.25_o 26._o in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o reader_n he_o discover_v both_o his_o spirit_n and_o his_o pride_n censure_v his_o antagonist_n as_o clamorous_a malicious_a ignorant_o though_o perhaps_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o unbiased_a moderator_n more_o learned_a peaceable_a and_o more_o evangelical_o spirit_v than_o himself_o but_o fear_v lest_o his_o great_a diana_n tithe_n the_o nursery_n of_o contention_n and_o strife_n shall_v in_o these_o day_n of_o reformation_n and_o restauration_n of_o public_a freedom_n and_o liberty_n like_o dagon_n before_o the_o ark_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o come_v to_o nought_o he_o have_v therefore_o out_o of_o his_o worldly_a wisdom_n judge_v it_o very_o opportune_a both_o in_o reference_n to_o himself_o and_o also_o to_o his_o client_n the_o tith-taking_a priesthood_n and_o impropriator_n in_o this_o extremity_n of_o time_n to_o force_v into_o his_o aid_n a_o catalogue_n of_o act_n of_o parliament_n though_o to_o little_a purpose_n since_o few_o of_o they_o before_o the_o statute_n of_o h._n 8._o intimate_v so_o much_o as_o a_o right_n much_o less_o command_v the_o payment_n of_o parochial_a tithe_n to_o priest_n or_o other_o as_o if_o this_o respondent_fw-la will_v make_v we_o all_o believe_v that_o ubi_fw-la nomen_fw-la decima_fw-la ibi_fw-la argumentum_fw-la decimandi_fw-la that_o wheresoever_o in_o any_o statute_n the_o word_n be_fw-mi be_v find_v there_o be_v a_o argument_n for_o tithing_n though_o by_o his_o leave_n in_o some_o of_o they_o by_o he_o quote_v there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o name_n etc._n name_n mag._n char._n c._n 1._o marl_n c._n 5._o 25_o e._n 1._o 2d_o e._n 1._o etc._n etc._n but_o although_o he_o and_o his_o tith-taking_a brethren_n have_v a_o long_a time_n like_o simeon_n and_o dovi_n confederate_v together_o not_o only_o to_o make_v we_o ignorant_o but_o still_o to_o keep_v so_o by_o persuade_v of_o we_o and_o our_o fore_a father_n that_o tithe_n be_v first_o due_n by_o divine_a law_n then_o by_o canon_n law_n and_o now_o by_o statute_n law_n yet_o be_v we_o and_o the_o good_a people_n of_o england_n resolve_v to_o be_v no_o long_o delude_v by_o they_o with_o their_o paralogism_n and_o deceitful_a reason_n and_o therefore_o that_o we_o may_v no_o long_o digress_v by_o way_n of_o preface_n we_o shall_v now_o come_v to_o reply_v and_o to_o examine_v those_o two_o grand_a objection_n which_o the_o author_n of_o the_o say_a treatise_n raise_v against_o the_o middlesex_n letter_n and_o petition_n in_o the_o expository_n open_v of_o those_o two_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la ch_n 29._o and_o 1._o r._n 2._o ch_n 14._o where_o this_o respondent_fw-la say_v pag._n 13._o that_o for_o the_o penner_n of_o the_o say_a letter_n and_o petition_n to_o make_v the_o people_n believe_v that_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n be_v against_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v such_o a_o exposition_n as_o be_v never_o make_v upon_o that_o statute_n and_o therefore_o to_o rectify_v this_o error_n as_o he_o call_v it_o he_o have_v labour_v though_o in_o vain_a to_o overthrow_v the_o say_a exposition_n and_o those_o invincible_a argument_n build_v upon_o it_o and_o to_o set_v up_o his_o own_o contrary_a interpretation_n and_o false_a affertion_n viz._n that_o tithe_n and_o the_o payment_n thereof_o by_o the_o people_n be_v confirm_v by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la ch_n 1._o under_o the_o notion_n of_o church_n right_n and_o first_o for_o proof_n thereof_o he_o say_v pag._n 14._o that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o land_n at_o the_o confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la ecclesiastical_a person_n have_v remedy_n to_o recover_v their_o tithe_n in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n and_o then_o conclude_v that_o the_o law_n give_v no_o remedy_n but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o right_n which_o assertion_n be_v very_o untrue_a for_o cook_n upon_o tithe_n say_v that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n land_n be_v undecimable_a and_o if_o undecimable_a then_o certain_o by_o that_o law_n there_o can_v be_v no_o church_n right_a to_o tithe_n neither_o to_o be_v recover_v by_o virtue_n thereof_o in_o the_o spiritual_a or_o pope_n court_n since_o the_o people_n of_o england_n be_v not_o bind_v in_o law_n by_o his_o cannon_n neither_o be_v cook_n single_a in_o his_o opinion_n for_o selden_n foe_n 291_o say_v that_o arbitrary_a disposition_n of_o tithe_n use_v by_o the_o laity_n as_o well_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la of_o right_a as_o the_o positive_a law_n then_o receive_v and_o practise_v be_v as_o de_fw-la facto_fw-la of_o deed_n and_o practice_n be_v that_o which_o wickleff_n remember_v in_o his_o complaint_n to_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n under_o r._n 2._o the_o substance_n whereof_o in_o brief_a be_v that_o the_o proud_a and_o pompous_a priest_n do_v constrain_v the_o poor_a people_n of_o england_n viz._n by_o popish_a canon_n to_o pay_v their_o tithe_n unto_o they_o whereas_o within_o a_o few_o year_n before_o they_o pay_v their_o tithe_n and_o offering_n at_o their_o own_o free_a will_n and_o pleasure_n which_o be_v also_o attest_v by_o ludlow_n a_o judge_n of_o assize_n in_o e._n 3._o who_o say_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n a_o man_n may_v give_v his_o be_fw-mi to_o what_o church_n he_o will_v which_o be_v true_a say_v judge_n brook_n in_o abridge_n the_o case_n selden_n fol._n 252._o and_o the_o say_a author_n further_o say_v foe_n 290._o that_o under_o innocent_a the_o 3d._n it_o be_v usual_a in_o fact_n for_o layman_n by_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o law_n at_o that_o time_n both_o common_a and_o canon_n to_o convey_v the_o right_n of_o their_o tithe_n as_o rent-charge_n or_o the_o like_a to_o what_o church_n or_o monastery_n they_o please_v and_o such_o conveyance_n be_v clear_o good_a and_o whereas_o the_o author_n of_o the_o say_a treatise_n p._n 14._o quote_v mr._n selden_n for_o his_o authority_n of_o parochial_a right_n he_o be_v clear_o mistake_v since_o mr._n selden'_v judgement_n in_o the_o same_o place_n immediate_o follow_v be_v clear_o to_o the_o contrary_a and_o that_o which_o be_v here_o allege_v as_o the_o treatiser_n main_a argument_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o canonist_n recite_v by_o mr._n selden_n and_o by_o he_o in_o the_o same_o and_o follow_a page_n full_o confute_v pag._n 144_o 146._o moreover_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v in_o 25_o e._n 1._o call_v the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n adjuge_v and_o declare_v to_o be_v the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o if_o true_a as_o it_o be_v most_o true_a than_o tithe_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o name_v much_o less_o confirm_v by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v not_o due_a by_o the_o common_a law_n as_o the_o say_v respondent_fw-la weak_o suppose_v and_o so_o not_o at_o all_o under_o ecclesiastical_a cognisance_n but_o he_o object_v and_o say_v that_o tithe_n be_v contain_v in_o these_o word_n the_o church_n right_n mag._n char._n cap._n 1._o for_o further_a satisfaction_n whereof_o see_v cook_n exposition_n upon_o the_o very_a same_o word_n where_o he_o say_v that_o ecclesiastical_a person_n shall_v enjoy_v their_o lawful_a jurisdiction_n and_o other_o their_o right_n but_o not_o one_o word_n of_o tithe_n without_o diminution_n and_o that_o no_o new_a right_n be_v give_v unto_o they_o hereby_o but_o such_o as_o they_o have_v before_o confirm_v now_o if_o no_o new_a right_n be_v give_v than_o not_o tithe_n since_o the_o author_n of_o the_o say_a treatise_n confess_v p._n 14._o that_o the_o common_a right_n of_o tithe_n due_a to_o the_o rector_n of_o the_o parish_n be_v but_o from_o the_o time_n of_o k._n john_n and_o then_o as_o m._n selden_n who_o he_o quote_v p._n 146._o declare_v not_o so_o much_o as_o in_o opinion_n establish_v whereby_o it_o be_v evident_a not_o only_o by_o selden_n and_o his_o own_o confession_n but_o also_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o gook_z that_o at_o

friend_n god_n friend_n and_o their_o country_n friend_n shall_v now_o at_o length_n be_v leave_v to_o remain_v in_o bondage_n and_o gibeonitish_a slavery_n whilst_o their_o enemy_n riot_n and_o abound_v in_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n wherefore_o we_o humble_o desire_v that_o all_o copy-holders_n of_o inheritance_n may_v according_a to_o your_o several_a declaration_n of_o the_o seven_o of_o april_n 1646._o and_o of_o march_n 1648._o be_v restore_v to_o christian_n freedom_n and_o liberty_n the_o fruit_n of_o conquest_n and_o the_o just_a reward_n of_o their_o expense_n and_o hazard_n that_o so_o of_o victor_n they_o may_v not_o become_v slave_n and_o vassal_n in_o their_o estate_n to_o their_o conquer_a lord_n who_o they_o begin_v already_o to_o feel_v and_o be_v daily_o like_a to_o find_v more_o cruel_a and_o unreasonable_a than_o ever_o if_o they_o shall_v return_v again_o to_o reign_v over_o they_o with_o the_o full_a sail_n of_o usurp_a power_n thus_o hope_v that_o the_o same_o god_n who_o have_v even_o miraculous_o give_v you_o victory_n over_o your_o enemy_n rest_n from_o war_n peace_n in_o your_o habitation_n and_o put_v a_o power_n into_o your_o hand_n to_o do_v righteous_a thing_n for_o the_o good_a of_o this_o nation_n will_v also_o put_v into_o your_o heart_n and_o mind_n to_o do_v these_o thing_n represent_v unto_o you_o and_o what_o else_o you_o in_o your_o wisdom_n shall_v know_v to_o be_v for_o the_o good_a and_o welfare_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n and_o we_o shall_v ever_o pray_v etc._n etc._n the_o case_n of_o copy-holders_n state_v according_a to_o the_o it_o the_o quando_fw-la lex_fw-la accommodatur_fw-la ad_fw-la causam_fw-la &_o personam_fw-la &_o non_fw-la è_fw-la contra_fw-la when_o the_o law_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o cause_n and_o person_n not_o they_o to_o it_o lesbian_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n in_o the_o corrupt_a time_n of_o monarchy_n wherein_o be_v clear_o prove_v that_o no_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n of_o copy-holds_a of_o inheritance_n can_v take_v for_o a_o fine_a where_o as_o they_o say_v uncertain_a of_o his_o copyhold_n tenant_n two_o year_n clear_v yearly_a value_n of_o the_o land_n first_o because_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o popham_n chief_a justice_n clench_v gaudy_n and_o fenner_n justice_n of_o the_o upper_a bench_n in_o the_o 42._o and_o 43_o eliz._n between_o hubbard_n and_o hammon_n that_o if_o the_o fine_n of_o copy-holders_n of_o a_o manor_n be_v incertain_a upon_o admittance_n yet_o the_o lord_n may_v not_o demand_v or_o exact_v a_o excessive_a or_o unreasonable_a fine_a and_o if_o he_o do_v the_o copyholder_n may_v deny_v to_o pay_v it_o without_o forfeiture_n and_o according_a to_o this_o resolution_n it_o be_v then_o say_v that_o it_o have_v be_v former_o adjudge_v in_o the_o same_o court_n in_o one_o hoddesdons_n case_n cook_n report_n lib._n 4to_fw-la now_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n and_o maxim_n that_o all_o excessivenesse_n be_v abhor_v in_o law_n and_o that_o all_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v interpret_v with_o equity_n and_o moderation_n as_o put_v case_n the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n where_o fine_n through_o his_o tyranny_n be_v incertain_a have_v take_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n about_o a_o year_n value_n not_o much_o under_o nor_o over_o if_o there_o one_o of_o his_o copyhold_n tenant_n shall_v improve_v his_o land_n by_o great_a charge_n and_o industry_n from_o 5_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o be_v worth_a 20_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o then_o die_v and_o after_o the_o lord_n shall_v set_v two_o year_n fine_a viz._n 40_o l._n upon_o his_o heir_n this_o will_v be_v a_o excessive_a and_o most_o unreasonable_a fine_a first_o because_o where_o a_o lord_n have_v usual_o take_v about_o a_o year_n though_o a_o little_a under_o or_o over_o there_o to_o take_v a_o year_n and_o half_a though_o according_a to_o the_o value_n before_o improvement_n be_v excessive_a and_o so_o illegal_a if_o the_o rule_n of_o right_a reason_n moderation_n and_o equity_n be_v close_o hold_v to_o and_o keep_v next_o it_o be_v altogether_o unreasonable_a because_o through_o this_o improvement_n of_o the_o tenant_n with_o a_o vast_a expense_n and_o charge_n perhaps_o treble_a to_o the_o land_n the_o lord_n now_o come_v to_o take_v in_o a_o little_a compass_n of_o time_n at_o a_o year_n and_o half_n fine_a six_o year_n year_n value_n at_o two_o year_n fine_a eight_o year_n value_v according_a to_o the_o yearly_a rent_n and_o worth_n of_o the_o land_n before_o improvement_n so_o that_o now_o a_o covetous_a and_o unconscionable_a lord_n as_o too_o many_o there_o be_v will_v take_v advantage_n to_o enrich_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o tenant_n vast_a expense_n and_o industry_n contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n equity_n and_o honesty_n second_o and_o last_o no_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n can_v by_o the_o present_a law_n take_v two_o year_n clear_v yearly_a value_n for_o a_o fine_a where_o as_o lawyer_n say_v they_o be_v uncertain_a though_o repugnant_a to_o those_o great_a authority_n in_o the_o letter_n before_o recite_v and_o contrary_a to_o their_o own_o maxim_n and_o abundant_o savour_v of_o tyranny_n upon_o the_o admittance_n of_o a_o copyhold_n tenant_n as_o be_v clear_o resolve_v in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n between_o stallon_n and_o brady_n commence_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o king_n james_n in_o the_o court_n of_o common_a plea_n where_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n do_v set_v a_o fine_a at_o two_o year_n clear_v yearly_a value_n which_o the_o tenant_n deny_v to_o pay_v be_v unreasonable_a the_o lord_n enter_v and_o thereupon_o the_o tenant_n bring_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n and_o after_o five_o year_n demur_n consultation_n be_v have_v with_o all_o the_o ludge_n and_o great_a lawyer_n of_o england_n it_o be_v at_o length_n viz._n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o king_n james_n by_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o say_a court_n of_o common_a plea_n full_o and_o unanimous_o resolve_v that_o the_o say_v fine_a of_o two_o year_n be_v unreasonable_a and_o so_o no_o forfeiture_n by_o the_o tenant_n denial_n now_o from_o hence_o it_o must_v be_v conclude_v that_o for_o any_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n to_o demand_v a_o year_n and_o a_o half_n fine_a be_v the_o very_a utmost_a rigour_n and_o extremity_n of_o the_o law_n as_o it_o have_v flow_v to_o we_o out_o of_o the_o impure_a fountain_n of_o monarchy_n and_o all_o those_o who_o have_v exact_v more_o have_v do_v illegal_a and_o unwarrantable_a act_n according_a to_o that_o lesbian_a rule_n but_o where_o tenant_n have_v at_o their_o great_a charge_n make_v improvement_n as_o be_v above_o declare_v there_o for_o the_o lord_n to_o take_v a_o year_n much_o more_o a_o year_n and_o half_a be_v altogether_o unconscionable_a and_o against_o the_o rule_n of_o equity_n the_o case_n of_o intolerable_a oppression_n in_o point_n of_o heriot_n a_o copyhold_n tenant_n hold_v a_o 100_o acre_n of_o land_n worth_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la 5_o s._n per_fw-la acre_n and_o 20_o s._n rend_v yearly_a and_o for_o which_o the_o lord_n claim_v a_o heriot_n upon_o death_n the_o tenant_n alien_n his_o land_n to_o a_o hundred_o man_n now_o by_o our_o book-law_n make_v in_o corrupt_a time_n mere_o in_o favour_n of_o lord_n and_o to_o oppress_v poor_a people_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n shall_v have_v his_o 20_o s._n rent_n and_o beside_o a_o heriot_n for_o every_o acre_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o every_o particular_a tenant_n for_o this_o reason_n which_o be_v no_o reason_n because_o a_o heriot_n be_v a_o indivisible_a service_n so_o that_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o lord_n shall_v have_v heriot_n in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o the_o value_n of_o one_o thousand_o pound_n whereas_o the_o whole_a be_v not_o worth_a five_o hundred_o pound_n and_o beside_o a_o poor_a man_n have_v a_o acre_n of_o his_o land_n not_o worth_a five_o pound_n and_o die_v seize_v the_o lord_n shall_v enter_v upon_o his_o good_n and_o take_v away_o for_o a_o heriot_n a_o cow_n or_o horse_n worth_a six_o or_o eight_o pound_n to_o the_o utter_a ruin_n of_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n now_o from_o a_o division_n of_o land_n to_o urge_v a_o multiplication_n of_o heriot_n have_v neither_o ancient_a law_n reason_n nor_o honesty_n in_o it_o notwithstanding_o those_o slight_a argument_n and_o fond_a distinction_n of_o heriot_n service_n and_o heriot_n custom_n which_o be_v use_v to_o the_o contrary_n reader_n these_o name_n shall_v have_v be_v place_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o 13_o page_n col._n pride_n aug._n wingfield_n robert_n cromwell_n col._n potter_n henry_n arundel_n nich_n beale_n finis_fw-la vindiciae_fw-la medio-saxonicae_a or_o tithe_n total_o rout_v by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o a_o reply_n to_o a_o answer_n of_o middlesex_n letter_n and_o petition_n in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o a_o tract_n call_v a_o treatise_n of_o tithe_n wherein_o the_o invalidity_n of_o