Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	king_n	time_n	year_n	19,963	5	5.0438	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A00364	A letter sent by I.B. Gentleman vnto his very frende Maystet [sic] R.C. Esquire vvherin is conteined a large discourse of the peopling & inhabiting the cuntrie called the Ardes, and other adiacent in the north of Ireland, and taken in hand by Sir Thomas Smith one of the Queenes Maiesties priuie Counsel, and Thomas Smith Esquire, his sonne.	I. B., gentleman.; Smith, Thomas, Sir, 1513-1577. Offer and order given forth by sir Thomas Smyth knight, and Thomas Smyth hys sonne.	1572 (1572)	STC 1048; ESTC S100377	22,087	62

¶ A Letter sent by I. B. Gentleman vnto his very frende Maystet R. C. Esquire vvherin is conteined a large discourse of the peopling inhabiting the Cuntrie called the Ardes and other adiacent in the North of Ireland and taken in hand by Sir Thomas Smith one of the Queenes Maiesties priuie Counsel and Thomas Smith Esquire his Sonne SUche doubtes and exceptions frende K. C. as I haue heard alleged put for the to vnhable that enterprise of peopling replenishing with the Englishe Nation the North of Ireland whiche with the assistance of Sir Thomas Smith one of her Maiesties Counsell Mayster Thomas Smith his Sonne hath vndertook to bring to passe maketh mée that I can not holde from you my so singuler fréende those arguments wherewith through conference had with him vpon his sayde attempt by reason of our greate familiaritie hée hath fully persuaded and satisfied mée Chéefly bycause I woulde confirme you in that whiche he hathe a little broke vnto you and partly bicause I would not haue you wauer in your promise thorow the vaine allegations of some which eyther are ignorant altogither of his purpose or whose vnderstanding can not stretche to a matter of so greate aduice or of suche who are of base and cowardly courages in the executions of matters of great importance or els of enuious disposition partely also bicause I would not haue his moste commendable enterprise in his absence defaced for the greate affection I beare him whom I know most sufficient to answer euery point article and obiection can bée layd ageinst him in this behalf although I haue nothing but that whiche through muche conference I haue drawen from him And firste by the way holde this for a maxime that there hath bene at no time any notable attempt taken in hand without enuy doubt and defaring The reasō is that bicause they are actions apperteyning to the increase or furtheraunce of a whole gouernement they are also muche noted wherein euery man will haue his verdit Some as is aforesayd not knowing halfe wil answere at the first as they are affectionate to the partie or countrie Others that haue bet their braines a little to vnderstand y whiche their conceit wil not stretche vnto take it vnpossible The third that ground the lengthning of their lines terme by home dwelling and their cuntrie seruice performed if as a cipher in Agrā they fil the roume of a man proserue their own althogh many times they conceiue the likelyhode and cōmend the thing yet they neuer are inwardlye resolued of their doubtes superstitiously afrayd to enter into any vnvsual dooings but the last gréeued to sée honest woorkes attempted likely to be brought to passe while they line idle to hide their neglygence enuiouflye slaunder and deface all good purposes Suche is the nature of man but I wil now to the matter Ireland is a large Cuntrie commended wonderfully for the fertilenesse and commodious site therof wherin the Kings of England haue had footing and continuall gouenement these foure hundred yéeres and more But so as the barbarous Nation at no time fully subdued through their often rebellion haue bene rather an anoy and charge to this Kealme of England than otherwise whiche some men haue imputed to the impossibilitie therof or to the euil gouernment of Deputies which eyther haue bene neglygent or corrupt But Maister Smith to see and knowe the truthe trauayled thither in the companie of Sir V Villiam Fitzwilliams now Lord Justice there minding after serche 〈◊〉 of made for now beganne the desire of this attempt to root in his hart to declare his opinion if hée thought it myght be accepted and hath founde that the decay of the gouernment there hath not chaunced bicause that the planting at the firste of the Englishe Nation so muche as it was was not for the time substancially done nor by the negligence and corruptnesse of the gouernours there wherof within our remembraunce hath bene a successiue order of noble iust wise and sufficient persons But hathe growne by the necessitie whiche hath constrayned the gouernours to giue protections pardons vnto moste heynous rebels and outlawes after they haue spoyled murthred made hauocke of the good Subiects for lack of sufficient forces where with to attache and execute the sayde malefactours by reason of the spare supplye at all times made to thē by the Prince who at the firste inhabyting thereof mynding more the kyngdome of Fraunce and thinking all to little for that purposed Conquest neglected Ireland as a matter of smal importance then worst looked to when England it selfe was a prise or rewarde to them that best could besturre thēselues of the houses of Yorke and Lancaster And if you wil marke the Stories you shal finde great reasons that haue moued the Prince too hée spare of charges in that cuntrie and a consequence of decay in that gouernment About the time of the first entrie of the Englishe in Ireland made that they begā to settle arose y Barons warres in England that weakened and decayed all at home Fraunce was chargeable too bée mainteyned with many garrisos a great waster bothe of men money yet a thing whereto the Princes were more bent thā to Ireland so that we may easly perceiue and iudge that the Jrishe whiche yet remayned vnsubdued taking aduantage of the time whiles the chéef that had authoritie there were called ouer to vpholde their factions here possessed againe their land and expelled the new inhabitants found without hed and scarce yet wel setled whiche could not be recouered againe so soone bicause suche as were come ouer after they had wasted themselues in Ciuile warres and had in the meane time lost their landes in Ireland lost also their credite with such as at the first aduentured vnder them by reason they had forsaken and lefte them open to the spoile nor the Princes being eaten out also with ciuile discord with the charges of France vnto which they were more addicted had the treasure to spare for the reformation therof Only king Ruhard the second in hys owne person attemptyng the same was ouertaken with Eiuile discension deposed whiche hath euer since discouraged his Successours personally to attēpt the like Thus home warres still increasing with the Armies in Fraunce a deuouring graue of this Nation and lastly the losse therof so weakned and impouerisshed the Crown of England that both people and money wanted therein much good land lying waste for lacke of inhabitaunts that it was more time to recouer by rest that which was wanting at home than to send abrode that could not be spared And the Princes contented thēselues if they myght onely preserue a footyng or entrye into Ireland wyth some small charge wherby the gouernours were cōstreyned for wante of supply by protections and pardons to appease euery rebellion which otherwise to represse and punish they were not sufficiently furnished This perceiued of the Irishe made them

as Crokes Bakers Surgeons c that will also loke for wages And bicause all these prouisiōs might be orderly done and nothing in time of néede be to seeke I haue taken it in hande therfore to 〈◊〉 of euery man according to the rate of lande he looketh for videlicet ten pounde of one foote man and twentie pounde of a horsse man so to sée all necessaries abundantly prouided If lesse wold suffise I would take lesse for I meane at the yeares ende that the Treasorer shall yelde accompte and what is not spente shal serue the seconde yeare and the lesse leuied of the companie towardes the prouision of the sayde necessaries After which time there is no manner dont but the Countrey will yeld to serue our turne sufficiently withoute any more leuying and as for them that wil deliuer corne or any other thing necessary to the rate of the saide summes it shall be accepted in lieu of money And this is the charge and aduenture of a foote man videlicet tenne pounde for his victaile sixe pounde thirtene shillings and foure pence the rest of his furniture for one whole yere and for that money will I vndertake to finde a footeman arme him giue him his liuerie paie him three pounde sixe shillings and eight pence wages and victaile him one yeare to serue in roume of him that neyther goeth him selfe nor sendeth an other furnished Nowe lette vs gather and make one summe of al the collection of one yeare sée whether it may be iudged sufficient or not of seuen hundred graunte thrée hundred horse men which pay twentie pound a péece that is sixe thousand pounde And foure hundreth 〈◊〉 after ten pound a peece whiche amounteth to foure thousand pound the whole x. thousand pound Looke you nowe euery man putting in a share that is not muche what a summe ryseth it to which I hope with good vsing wil not onely be sufficient to victuall the seauen hundred souldieurs but all other Artificers and Labourers and to pay thē their wages with all other store of Munition shipping and necessaryes for one whole yeer at the least Two yéeres charges is the vttermoste can passe without game wherfore let vs compare the charges and yeerely profite to bée looked for togither and see what euill bargaine this can be Two yéeres charges of a footeman is thrée and thirtie pound sixe shillings and eight pence for as for rente there is none to be payed till the fourth yéere the commoditie to be looked for is fortie quarters of graine at the least de claro per annum But the horsemane gaine and charge is double this is the worst bargaine For he that goeth in his owne person as yonger brothers and such like do rather saue than lose for with lesse expēces if he haue no Horse in England can he not liue for his dyet than ten pound if he bée a horseman his Horse and hee vnder twentie pound yet liue he must whither he spend the time in England or Ireland and this I am sure of that whatsoeuer hée maye saue of his dyet in a yéer héere in England by lying in his fréends house he shal spēd in apparaile for that Cuntrie of Ireland requireth rather lasting warm clothes than gorgeous and déere garmentes Besides this in consideration of leading his life in Ireland hée is too enioy a good and commodious péece of Land yéelding thrée score quarters of graine yéerely towards his maintenaunce beeing a footeman or a hundred and twentie if he be a horsman and so by proportion Shall I tel you my conscience héerin I can not see how Fathers that haue many Sonnes or landed men that haue many yonger brothers cā do better for their punées than to prefer them and set them forthe in this Jorney with me who séeke to persuade nothing but that I wil go in person to execute not a whit the more fearful because I am the onely sonne of Sir Thomas Smith And nowe that I haue resolued you of your doubte as I hope and performed my promise in the ende I will leaue you for this time Thus muche Mayster R. C. was our conference at that time which so néere as I could remember I haue repeated word by worde but to diuers other obiections his answers which I haue learned at sūdry méetings wil I now declare Many say that they shal go into a place where they shall want meate housing all things necessarye for that no Prince yet hath bene able to victuall his Army ther sufficiently in their iorneys besides that the Souldiour is alwayes constrayned to march thorow the Bogges and riuers and in the nighte to lodge vppon the Grasse without meat and Fire This in déede is great miserie but they that threaten this in his iorney are altogither ignorant of his procedings nor consider not the difference that is betweene the Deputies iorneyes who séeketh still to apprehend the Rebelles bodies following them thorowe Bogge thorowe plaine wood hoping with perseuerance and long iorneyes to wery them and bring them in and his enterprise who desireth the Land onely not any reuenge vpon the Jrish and who purposeth not to spend him selfe with long iorneyes but to proceede slowely inhabite builde and fortifie him selfe as he goeth contenting himselfe too obtein his portion of Land wel defended in safetie not coneting otherwise with losse and discourmoditie of his menne too séeke to anoy the Jrishe as afore is sayd procéeding on this sorte He dothe minde at his first landing to fortifie him selfe vppon the sea shore and the frontier of his countrey and builde there his store house and houses of prouision which he will carefully and spéedely sée broughte thither to be readie before it be wanting a place for Artificers to lie safely in and in the meane time that it is building and raising to lodge all his men in campe vnder canuas tents and hales wherein he hathe promised to take order with his associates that will peraduenture be one thrée monethes worke Then after the store house and key of his countrey built and left sufficiently garded he will remoue v. vi more or lesse miles as the countrey shall some and there erecte vppon the liste an other fortresse able in receiue and nowe a sufficience crewe of souldiours to be ready always in defence of the frontier incamping and lodging his men there as before tel that forte also be done and furnished Thus will he procéede in his iourney all the Sommer till the entrie of his countrey be sufficiently fortified Towards the winter 〈◊〉 deuiding his soldioures into the said strengthes there to lie in garrison vpon the ennimie for the more safetie of the countrie as at the beginning I haue alreadie solde you What miserie I pray you nowe can this bring the soldiour in what scant and scarcitie of victaile shall they be at any time constrained to by reason it can not be brought to them if otherwise it be wāting

garrison and some resting them selues at home in the Country it may be which I hope in my time to sée all Irelande reformed and no neede of garrison in al the countrey when y seruice shall cease also This portion sayde I that you speake of me thinke if it be in fée so easily rented should make your enterprise a fit matche for yonger brothers such as haue but annuities stipendes and deade stockes to liue on For by this meanes should they be proutded of an house and pretie lande belonging vnto it sufficiente to yeelde wherewith to make a friend drinke and many such farmes make a man rich But I feare me it can be onely profitable to suche as dwell vppon the same as it is in some places of England where the Gentlemen haue vpon their wide Lordships great prouision of corne and cattel wherin most of their rent is payde but that is so cheape there that a greate deale to be solde yeldeth but a little money wherby they may giue meat and drinke to a number but paye wages to a fewe so that he that should not dwell there him selfe after the souldioure were founde and the rente paide shoulde either haue little or nothing for his owne share bisides if the owner him selfe be not there to manure or to sée the same manured howe shoulde he gather profite thereof or who woulde farme it for him or yéelde him rente for his lande This is a doubte in deede that wil make many stay I tel you who wold otherwyse aduenture Nay in good soothe is it not sayd he as you shall héereafter perceiue So soone us wée shall ariue in Ireland and haue proclaymed that all such at the Irishe as will 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and manure the ground vnder vs shal be welcome defended from the enemie haue no coine liuerie nor cease layed vppon them but whatsoeuer bargain they make that iustly performed There is no doubt but ther will great numbers of the Husbandmen which they call Churles came and offer to liue vnder vs to ferme our grounds both such as are of the Cuntry birth and others bothe out of the wilde Irishe and the Englyshe pale For the Churle of Ireland is a very simple royleseme man desiring nothing but that he may not bée eaten out with ceasse Coyne nor liuerie Coyne and liuerie is this There will come a Kerne or Galliglas whiche be the Irishe Souldiours to lie in the Churles house whiles he is there bée wil be maister of the house hée will not onely haue meate but money also allowed him and at his departure the beste things he shall see in the Churles house be it 〈◊〉 cloth a shirte Mantel or such like Thes is the Churle eaten vp so that it Dearth fall in the Cuntry where he dwelleth he should be the first starued not béeing Maister of his owne From which exactions that he might be frée there is no part of the Cuntrie but he would séeke to and geue for Lande wonderfull rents paying them in suche cōmoditie as the ground will yéeld be it Corne Butter or Cattel You may haue Farmers out of the I le of Man and other poore men out of England so they may be ayded at the firste with some stock of Corne and Cattel It is but a little care at the begynning after the lande is deuided I for my part wil indeuer my self to persuade the one freendly to depart his commoditie with an other but I feare the swéetnesse whiche the owners shall find in the Irish Churle giuing excessiuely wil hinder the Countrie muche in the peopling of it with the Englishe Nation makyng men neglygent to prouide Englishe Farmours but thereof there is one prouiso in our instructions from her Maiesties Counsel Now wil I tel you what rent the owner may reap of his Land videlicet Mony Corne Butter Parne Cattel such like my counsell shal be that euery man sith their land is deliuered suche as is errable should continue the same vnder tillage and receiue his rent in Corn which tilling of their Land that it be so done is also prouided for in the sayd instructions bicause it settleth the occupier and what with tending his fallowe reaptyde séede time thrashing it bindeth alwayes the occupier to the Lande and is a continuall occupation of a great number of persons a helper and a mainteyner of Ciuilitie in my opinion As for the rent I wuld haue one rate therof thorow all the Cuntry of euery plowland a like I think two pecks Irishe doo conteine foure Englishe Busshels of an Irish Acre which is two English Acres and a half quarter were reasonable betwéene the Lord and Tenant so that the Tenant should pay onely that rente for the errable grounde hauing the Medowe and Pasture into the bargaine for maintenaunce of his Teame Of this rent by my counsell the one parte should beare Wheate and the other parte Otes and Barly By which meanes one plowlande may yéelde yéerely to the owners thirtie quarters of Wheare and asmuche Otes and Barlie towards the finding of his Souldiour and payment of his rent As for the victualing of his sootman souldiour I parpose to vndertake for v. quarters of Wheat and fiue quarters of Barley sufficiently to finde euery suche footeman and for ten quarters of Wheat and ten of Barley Otes to find euery horse man and his horse in continual garrison for one whole yeere The footemans wages and the rente wil be disdischarged for ten quarters more the horsemans wages and rent for twentie Peraduenture you wil say I allowe with the most and that lesse will serue yet hath the owner of one plowland forty quarters of Corne de claro at the yéers end and the owner of two plowland foure score But what shal he do with that Corne will you say Mary sell it for ordinaryly Corne beareth the same price there that it beareth in England saue of very late yeeres it hath bene accustomed too bee alwayes déerer And yet there is another way more aduantageous than the sale of Corne in Ireland that wil be acloyd therwith if at the beginning before our parte bée thorowly peopled wée fall to turning all the Lande as afore is sayd to Tilling not béeing able to spende it therefore is it necessary and I am fully persuaded that the Quéenes Maiestie furthering the inhabiting ciuilitie of the North whiche encreaseth more by kéeping men occupyed in Tyllage than by idle followyng of heards as the Tartarians Arabians and Irishe men doo will giue ful libertie for the transportation of Corne out of y sayd Cuntries into England Fraunce Spaine or other place whereas the Market shall serue best and therupon will lay a reasonable Custome For this cause shal there be one Hauen with common Oranyers made vpon the Key sufficient for the receipt of the Corne of the Cuntry and one Porte Town builded so soon as we may begin to be any thing settled More of the order