enter France till the year 876. and was not Established peaceably in Normandy till 889. or 890. 3. Eric Barn or the Child being the only Male left alive of the Royal Family after the Bloody Wars between Eric and Guthorn King of Norway But he had not been long upon the Throne before he Renewed the Persecution upon the Christians with more Cruelty then his Prodecessors had done destroying more Churches Bishops and Religious Houses then all the other Danish Kings put together He Prosecuted his Wars in Germany with great Gallantry and Conduct Slaying with his own Hands Bruno Duke of Saxony and Twelve Counts He Departed this Life in the year 902. 4. Canutus Lodneknut or the Hairy Succeeded his Father Eric In his time every Third Man in Denmark went to seek his Fortune and those who went away thus upon these Expeditions over-run all Prusia Courland Semgal and other Countries where they Established themselves and where their Posterity remain unto this day He Dyed a Pagan in the year 912. And was Succeeded by 5. Frotho his Son though some say Sueno his Brother Reigned Nine years He was twenty years King of England and Denmark being Converted to Christianity in England and Dyed a zealous Christian his next Successors was 6. Gormo Gormund or Guthram Surnaned Hartesnute and Engelander because Born in England He with his Attendants was Baptized at Aalâ—e in Somersetshire our Learned and Pious King Alfred being his Godfather and gave him the Name of Athelstanes and the Kingdom of the East-Angles 7. Harald Surnamed Blaat and Succeeded his Father Gormo In his days did the Danes make that Famous Trench between Gottorp and Sleswick called Dannewerk 8. Sueno or Suenotho Surnamed Tuiskeg that is Fork'd Beard Succeeded Harald At his first coming to the Crown he was a Pagan and Exercised great Cruelty upon the Christians but was afterwards Converted to Christianity and Erected three Bishopricks at Sleswick Ripen and Arhusen He is by some said to have Dyed in the year 1012. and was Buryed at York Others in 1014. and Intombed in Denmark 9. Canutus the Great Son to Sueno He was at once King of England Denmark Sweeden Norway Slavonia and Sambland some say too King or Duke of Normandy He was Buryed at Winchester in the year 1036. after he had been Seaven and twenty years King of Denmark twenty four of England and Seaven of Norway and was Suoceeded in the Crown of Denmark by his Son 10. Hardi-Cnute who within four years obtained the Kingdom of England upon the Death of his Brother Harald He Dyed in England in the year 1041. and was Buryed by his Father in the Cathedral of Winchester 11. Magnus King of Norway possessed himself of the Crown of Denmark by main force upon the Death of Hardi-Cnute pretending a Contract that Entituled him to it but had it not long in possession He Dyed in the year 1048. and left the Crown to 12. Sueno Esthret Son of one Vlf an English Earl He Departed this Life in the year 1074. and left behind him five Sons who all of them Enjoyed Successively their Fathers Crown 13. Harald Sueno's Eldest Son Swayed the Scepter no longer then two years being an easie efferninate timerous Prince So that the English laid hold of the Juncture shook off the Danish Yoak without any great trouble 14. St. Canutus the Second Son of King Swain in the year 1088. was Inhumanly Murdered by his own Subject at St. Albans Church in Odensee a City in the Isle of Funen which he had made his Sanctuary Now his Brother Olaf longing for the Crown Fomented a Rebellion against Canutus and effected his designs by the means of the Kings commanding his Subjects to pay Tyths according to the Custom of other Nations And this Fomented the People into such a Rage by Olafs practises that nothing could appease but their Soveraigns Martyrdome 15. Olaf the Third Son of Swain upon the Assassination of St. Canutus was Unanimously Declared King by his Partizans But he and the whole Kingdom were not long before they received their just Punishment for that Execrable Crime of Murdering their Prince for Heaven was pleas'd to send so great a Famine over all Denmark that the Kings own Family wanted Bread Olaf well knowing his Crimes had brought that Judgment upon the Realm offered up his Prayers to God that he would be pleased to divert the Stream of his Vengeance from off the People upon his Head that had offended Whereupon the very same Night he Dyed Hungry and Wretched in the year 1096 and the Famine forthwith abated 16. Eric Swains Fourth Son Surnamed the Good for his Religious Zeal and Piety Dyed in his Pilgrimage towards Jerusalem and was Buried in the Isle of Cyprus in the year 1106. during his Reign Lunden in Schonen was made an Arch-Bishops See all the Danish Bishops being before that time under the Jurisdiction of the Arch-Bishop of Brement 17. Nicholas Suenos's youngest Son Succeeded his Brother but was Slain in the year 1135. by the Jutes in Revenge of the Death of Chute Duke of Flanders whom he had caused to be Assassinated in the Church 18. Eric Emund a good Religious Prince Succeeded his Uncle Nicarlus in the year 1130. was in his own Pallace Inhumanly Assassinated by one Plagsorte a Nobleman of Juitland 19. Eric Lamb Succeeded his Unckle Eric Emund But after a while laid down his Crown and retired into a Monastry at Odensce in Funen where he departed this Life in the year 1147. 20. Swain Gratenhede Eric Emunds Son got the Crown upon the Death of his Kinsman Eric Lamb. Three Kings of Denmark were at the same time in this Princes days One part of the People being for Cnute King Nicholas's Grand-Child another for Waldemar Son to Cnute Duke of Flanders After some Rancounters and Combates wherein both Swain and Cnute were Killed the whole Realm was Swayed by 21. Waldemar Surnamed the Great who was Soveraign of all the Countries on the North of the Elb and Departed this Life in the year 1182. Leaving the Crown to his Son 22. Cnutes who shewed great Conduct and Gallantry in his Wars with the German Emperour who demanded Homage of the Kings of Denmark He Dyed at Ringsted in the year 1202. 23. Waldemar the Second Succeeded his Brother He new Modelled the Danish Government Subdued Norway overcame and put to Flight the Emperour Otto who meant to render himself Master of Holstein and having Sway'd the Scepter Victoriously for Thirty Nine Years he Dyed Anno Dom. 1241. and was Succeeded by 24. Eric Plog-penning his Son who was taken at Sleswick and Slain by his Brother 25. Abel who having Reigned two years after a Wicked manner was then Assassinated by Rebels in the year 1252. and was Succeeded by his Brother 26. Christophers who having Lived in a continual War with his own Rebellious Subjects is said to have been Poysoned in the year 1259. by Arnefast Bishop of Arhusen as the Emperour Henry the Seventh was
April 1646. Elected King of Denmark and acknowledged Heir of that Crown on the 12 of June 1650 Married on the 10 of May 1667 Charlotta Landgrave of Hesse Castle the Daughter of the Landgrave William and of Hedwige Sophina Electoral Princess of Brandenburg the Ceremony of their Marriage was performed at Niccoping in the Isle of Falster in the Month of July in the same year with all the Splendour and magnificence Imaginable by this Princess the King has a numerous Issue But before I proceed to give an Account of the Royal Family it is convenient I first set down some Circumstances relating to the present King of Denmarks Person his Title Arms Dominions Patrimony Revenue and Strength his Power Prerogatives Supremacy Soveraignty and Respect And then I shall proceed to the giving an Account of the Nobility and Orders of the Knight-hood of that Kingdome with several other particulars ending with a Geographical or rather Topographical Descriptions of the several Provinces and Places belonging to that Crown And now first as to his Person having already mentioned his Birth Marriage and Coronation Than that he is possessed of all the advantages which Nature or Education could afford which have been so well Seconded by Fortune in several Expeditions into Schonen and Germany and the engagements of his Fleets that he is become the Darling of his People and the Terror and Admiration of his Enemies The King of Denmarks Title now is King of Denmark Norway of the Goths and Vandales Duke of Sleswick Holstein Stormar and Ditmarsh Count of Oldenburgh and Delmenhorst It was much more pompous formerly when he Swelled out the Catalogue of his Dominions with England Sweeden and other Provinces The Ancient Cimbrians are said to have had their Shields and Helmets Painted with the Shapes of several sorts of Wild Beasts and sometimes used to set a Brazen-Bull upon the top of their Standard as a token of Strength and Valour But at this time the King of Denmark's Coat is a Complication of Fourteen several Coats thus ordered In a Field Gules He bears a Cross Argent the Arms of the House of Oldenburgh which quarters the upper part of the Coat into four Cantons The First of these gives the Arms of Denmark Or Six half Hearts Gules three Lyons Passant Guardant Azure with Crowns of the First This Coat is parted with the Arms of Norway Gules a Lyon Crowned Or holding in his paws an Hatchet Argent with an haft of the Second The Second Canton carries Gules a Leopard in Chief Or the Field Sown with nine Hearts of the Second which are the Arms of Gothland these are parted with Gules a Dragon Crowned Or the Ancient Coat of the Vandals or Slavonians the Third Canton gives Azure Three Crowns Or to Denote the Union of the Three Kingdoms of Denmark Norway and Sweeden This Coat is parted with Gules a Paschal-Lamb Argent holding a Cross Or at which hangs a Streamer of the Second charged with a small Cross of the First The first Original of this Coat is said to have been this In the Year 1218. when King Waldemar the Second Engaged in a Sharp and Bloody War with the Lifelanders the Danish Troops having lost their Standard began to be disheartned to that Degree that they gave Ground and were ready to fling down their Arms out of dispair and yield the Victory to the Heathens When a new Standard of a suddain fell from Heaven Displaying a White Cross in a Bloody-Flag At the sight whereof the Danes forthwith Rallyed their Forces that were Dispersed with that Vigour and Courage as rendered them in a short time Masters of the Field The Kings of Denmark kept the Holy Flag in Remembrance of so Miraculous a Deliverance with all the care and Veneration imaginable Believing their Future Success did in a high Degree depend upon the Safety of so Sacred a Banner But though the Danish Historians do Assert this to be the source of this part of the Arms of their Kings yet it is much more reasonable to believe that this Banner was bestowed by the Pope upon their King when he undertook that expedition into Lifeland since the main Design of that War was the Conversion of those Infidels But to proceed the Fourth Canton bears Or two Lyons Passant Azure which are the Arms of Sleswic these are parted with Gules an headless Fish stuck on a Stake and Crown'd Argent which is the Coat of Iseland In the Center of these four Cantons and the middle of the great Cross hangs a Scutcheon bearing Azure a Horse-Man in compleat Armour Argent holding a Sword in his Right-Hand of the same with the Hilt Or his Horse covered with a Cloath of the Second which are the Arms of Dithmarse The lower part of the Arms contains four Coats more Whereof the First is Gules three Pinks some call them Nails of our Saviours Passion and three Leaves of Nettles which are intermixed and meet in Angles at the Heart of the Coat which is charged with a small Scutcheon Argent for Holstein The Second which is the Coat of Stormaria is Axure a Swan Argent with a Coronet round her Neck Or. The Third belonging to the County of Delmenhorst is Or two Bars Gules The Fourth and last Coat which belongs to Jutland is Azure a Cross Patty at the bottom of it Achet Or below the Arms is usually hung in a Chain Or the Scutcheon of the Order of the Elephant The Helmet Or Embroidered and Damasked the sights covered and wanting Bars above with a Crown Or encircled with four Circles and Adorned with precious Stones On the top of this a Globe Or and above all a Cross Patty Argent The Crest is a Leopard Passant over the Crown Or eight Streamers Azure a plain Cross Argent four Spears bending to the Dexter side and as many to the Sinister Or. Supported by two Savages Crowned and girt with Ivy Proper Armed with two pointed Clubs The Mantle Or Sown with Hearts Gules and Lions Azure doubled Ermine The Ancient Dominions of the King of Denmark were of a much Vaster extent than they are at this day that Crown possessing in the time of Canutus the Great England Denmark Sweeden Norway Slavonia Sambland and Normandy with several Islands Whereas now his swayreaches only over Juitland Holstein Zealand Norway Iseland Freezland Greenland the Feroe and some other Islands of small Note with the Counties of Oldenburg Stormaria and Dithmarsh and alternatively Slezwick as shall be shown more at large hereafter besides some Fortresses and Colonies in the East and West-Indies and upon the Coast of Africa The Kings of Denmark have certain Lands Annexed to the Crown which are inalienable and in case upon the Necessities of some Junctures any of them be alienated for the Publick Weale yet the same Prince or any of his successours may reunite them again let the consideration be what it will of their Alienation But it is no easie matter to State the account of
have upon all occasions been renewed by those Princes and more particularly after the conclusion of the late Peace with Sweeden when the present King drew his Army about that Town which though not sufficient to force such a City yet coming at first as near it as he pleased by means of the Neighbourhood of Altena raised Batteries for his Artillery and Bombes with which he might have easily Incommoded the Town Whereupon several Princes Vigorously Interposing for an accommodation it was provisionally concluded on the First of November 1679. The Rights of the King of Denmark and of the City of Hamburg Remaining as they were until that the point of Homage and the other differences which depended betwixt his Danish Majesty and that Town should in an amicable way be decided by course of Law Now the chief condition of that accommodation was an obligation by the Town of Hamburg to pay at five Terms to his Danish Majesty the Sum of two hundred and twenty thousand Crowns In consideration whereof that King Remitted the Indignation he had conceived against that Town Renounced the Pretentions that he had to the Land Jointly possessed by Hambourg and Lubeck and promised to restore the Ships Goods Commodities and Inhabitants of Hambourg which had been Seized upon the account of these pretentions Other Towns of Note are 1. Gluckstadt Built and well Fortified by King Christian the Fourth and much improved by His Successors It commands the passage of the Elb so that it highly concerns the Hamburgers to be at Peace with the King of Denmark 2 Crempe seated on a small River of the same Name and is one of the Keys of the Kingdom of Denmark 3. Litzehoa 4. Bredenbourg one of the Neatest little Towns in all the King of Denmark's Territories As for Holstein it self it taketh up the Inland parts between Stormar and Juitland save that it hath an Out-let into the Baltick on the South-VVest of VVagerland the chief Towns are Kiel seated upon a Navigable Arm of the Baltick 2. Rensbourg the best fortified Town in the Dukedome 3. VVilstor a Neat and well Built City 4. Niew-Munster on the North-VVest of the Stor and not far from the Head of it And now for Juitland it comprehendeth all that part of the Cimbrick Chersonese that is divided from the Dukedom of Holstein by the River Eyder the Ancient boundary betwixt the Saxons and the Danes but principally by a long Trench and Wall from one Sea to the other of such bredth that a Chariot or two Horsemen a Breast might Ride upon it Godfrey King of Denmark first Building this Trench in the time of Charlemain or Charles the Great in Immitation of the Picts Wall in England for hindring the Incursions of the Saxons or stopping the Carrier of the said Emperours Victories The Tract of this Wall being still manifest to be seen is call d Dennewark or the Danes work to this very day Juitland was so called from the Juites who together with the Angli and Neighbouring Saxons made a Conquest of the best part of Brittain But the Ancient Inhabitants of this Province in the time of Prolomy and before were the Cobandi Chaly Phundusi Charudes and in the most Northern Tracts the Cimbri of whom the four first were but Tribes or Nations Upon that great expedition against Spain made by the Vandals on the Roman Empire the Juits and Angli though fit to Inlarge and shift their Habitations each taking possession of such quarters as lay nearest to them Those Juites or Getae being a People of Scandia or Schonen and there placed by Ptolomy for he went up the Northern parts of the Cimbrick Charsonese and gave it the Name of Juitland the other being a People of the Suevi dwelling on the South of the Elb possessed themselves of those parts which lay next their old Friends and Confederates the Saxons their chief Town being Sleswick where Angelen now an obscure Village but of great note in former times doth preserve their memory Upon the Angli's joyning with the Saxons in the Conquest of Brittain the Danes took that opportunity of Invading it in the absence of the Natives and having Conquered it as far as the River Eyder they planted it with Colonies of their own Nation and made it a part of that Kingdom The Air of this Country is much more mild than that of the other Provinces of these Northern Parts being temperated by the warm vapours of the Sea The Soyl of Juitland is extremely rich producing and affording all things necessary for the life of man The Country being for the most part plain little swelled with Mountains the Inhabitants reaping this double advantage from their Fields in that they yield interchangeably both Fish and Corn for during one three years they plough the Land and constantly reap the Fruits of it and for the next three let the Pools overflow the Land to the end the Fish may eat up the Grass whom they catch as often as they please and the Mud which is left behind enriches the Soyle Juitland too aboundeth so in Cattle that sendeth yearly into Germany 50000 Oxen besides great store of Butter Cheese Tallow Hides Horses and Swine having such plenty of excellent Hams that most of those which pass here in England under the name of Westphalia's come from thence It hath all manner of Game Fowl either for diversion necessaries or luxury It 's Pools Lakes and Rivers are furnish'd with all sorts of fresh Fish especially most excellent Salmons and in great abundance It 's commodious Bays provide with plenty all sorts of Foraign Commodities as well as the Sea doth Whitings Soles Herrings Mackeril Pilchards Oysters Smelts Sprats Shrimps Lobsters Crabs Thornback Rusfes Muscles Prawns Cockles Conge Turbots Mades Scute Escalops Cod c. Neither is it wanting of good Fruits It has excellent Timber both for building for Shipping and for Firing In short hardly any Country furnishes more towards the necessities nay and the amuzement and the diversions too of life than this does In regard of the Climate it cannot be expected that its Vines should come to any perfection they being only to be ripened by the heat of the Sun but it s own Commodities procure it the best Wines of all Countries which nevertheless it does not stand in need of it producing vast plenty and most excellent Barley whereof they make their Ale and other Liquors which if not more toothsome yet perhaps more natural to their bodies and constitutions It likewise Transports into other Countries great Stores of Equipage for Shipping Armors Ox-hides Buck-skins Wainscot Fir-wood and the like Juitland is divided into North and South the latter containeth many considerable Towns as first Flensbourch a deep safe and commodious Port Halem upon the German Ocean near the mouth of the River Eyder Itadersleeve a Bishops See Sondenberg in the Peninsula called Eyderstede over against the Strandt an Island of the German Ocean Sternberg the ordinary Residence of the King of
a Bell made so full of holes by Cannon Bullets that the King has thought fitting the marks thereof should remain visible by causing all the places that were pierced to be guilt The Exchange is richly worth the seeing and will merit a more ample Description than this Compendium of the whole Kingdom will admit The Citizens Houses till within these few years were very mean and low most of them patcht up of Wood and Mortar indeed the first rise of this City was but very mean for about the year 1168. Axil Wide sirnamed Snare Archbishop of Denmark built a considerable Fortification in this Island wherein now stands the Castle This was called after his Name Axel-huys and was a good defence to the whole Island against the daily incursions of Pyrats Under the protection of this Fort several Fishermen and others that Traded this way used to Harbour their Ships in security this caused a continual concourse of the Natives who resorted hither to furnish the Vessels with such Provisions as their Country afforded and in a short time laid the first rude Draughts of a City which at this day for Strength Trade Beauty and Bulk is not surpassed by many in Europe for of late the Citizens are grown more curious and experienced in Architecture and few of their Streets are without a considerable number of stately brick Buildings It s Haven also being one of the best in Europe Amaga Amagri is Amagra or Ammak is a small Island on the East of Copenhagen about six English Miles in length and four in breadth it abounds wonderfully in all manner of Fowl and Venison has in it plenty of Corn and furnishes the Market at Copenhagen with weekly supplies of Milk Butter Cheese c. This Isle of Ammak contains four or five Villages and has two Parish Churches But before we leave this Island it will not perhaps be ungrateful to relate an Encounter which happened in it at the Siege of Copenhagen in 1660. which was so much the more considerable because both the Northern Kings were personally engaged in the action The Swede observing that the Dane daily fetched Provisions from the aforementioned Isle the Ammak was resolved to make a Descent in order to burn the Villages and destroy whatever might afford sustenance or relief to the besieged for which purpose he put aboard about 1200 Foot and 400 Horse and the King himself would needs be of the Party thinking nothing so well done as where he was present as well as naturally ambitious of sharing personally in the glory of every brave action Coming to the height of the Draker he forced his Landing upon the Point of the Isle and constrained them upon the Guard to abandon their Post He marches up the Isle and destroys all before him and the Danes fearing he came to fortifie some Post on that side set fire to the Village next adjacent to the Town as the Swede had done to the rest Having done this work the Swede retreats to his Boats too securely some scattered from the Body others encumbred with Plunder Mean while the Danish King Sallies out in person with three hundred Horse and two hundred Dragoons besides some few Commanded Foot mounted behind falls in upon the Swedish Rear flew several of them and put the rest in disorder The Swedish King mounted upon an unruly Horse bounding and curveting with him ran great hazard of falling that day into the Danish hands But the Dane either not knowing all his advantages or not willing to be drawn too far from his Town by an over eager pressing upon an Enemy who out numbred him sounded a seasonable retreat The next place of Note is Roschild which takes its name from a River running by the Town which drives scaven Mills It was formerly the Metropolis of the whole Kingdom fortified with a Wall Ditch and Bulwark and contained no less than 27 fair Churches This Town was made a Bishop's See by Suenotho King of England Denmark Sweden and Norway about the year 1012. who gave the Bishoprick of Roschild which is now swallowed up by Copenhagen to Gerebrand a Monk In the Cathedral Church of this Town are to be seen very fair and sumptuous Tombs of many of the Danish Kings Elseneur the chief Ornament and Strength of which Town lies in Cronenburg is seated on that neck of the Sea called Orisundt or the Sound which parts Sealand from Schonen Cronenburgh is built of hewn Free-stone brought hither out of Scotland and this undertaken with incredible pains and charge by King Fredrick the Second without a penny Subsidy from the Subjects tho he covered it with Coper the Foundation of it being laid on huge Stone sunk into the Sea and so fastened together that no Storm or Tempest how violent soever is able to shake it well fortified as well as founded and mixt of a Palace and of a Fort having for many years been the Seat of the Danish Kings who had from hence one of the most pleasant and profitable prospects of the whole Kingdom every Ship that passes this Streight being obliged to strike Sail to Croneburg and that done the Master is to come to a Composition in the City for Custom upon the pain of the Confiscation and Loading Fredericksberg seated amongst pleasant Woods of Beech and about the middle way between Elseneur and Copenhagen this Fabrick was first began by one Harlef a Danish Nobleman who sold it to King Fredrick the Second who fell upon enlarging and beautifying it to a high degree After this King's death his Son Christian the Fourth spared no charges in compleating what his Father left unfinished adorning it with the richest Pictures Statues Hangings the Locks and bars in the Windows being all of beaten Silver so as it not only surpasses all that is in the North but the World can hardly paralel this piece The adjoyning Park has amongst other Foreign Beasts a Stock of Foreign Deer transported hither out of England in the 24 of Q. Eliz. Ringstede a Town of the greatest Antiquity of any except Roschild in Denmark many of the Danish Kings lying buried in the place particularly King Waldemar the First and Eric the Godly its scituation being in the very Center of the Land its want of Trade makes it daily decay Sora of old being beautified with a goodly Monastery the Revenues whereof at the alteration of Religion were converted to the maintenance of a Free-School built here by Fredrick the First But in the year 1623. Christiern the fourth adding hereunto the Revenues of two other dissolved Monasteries the one of the Isle of Laland and the other in Juitland founded here a new University for the maintenance of several learned men who were to be employed in writing and publishing the History of the Acts and Monuments of the Kings and other Heroes of Denmark and for the better supply of Learned Ministers for the Churches of Denmark and Norway which before could not be provided for out of Copenhagen