happy composition wherein the King hath his full Prerogative the Nobility and Gentry Civil and due Respect and the People in general Masters of the Estates they can get by their Labours and Endeavours a Blessing that few Countries can boast of O happy and blessed England Thy Valleys are like Eden Thy Hills like Lebanon Thy Springs as Shiloe and thy Rivers as Jordan a Paradise of Pleasure and the Garden of God enriched with all the Blessings of Heaven and Earth Her chief Cities are London Londicium of Ptolomy Ant. Tac. Lunden Ger. Londra Iâ—â— Londres Gal. the Epitome of England the Seat of our British Empire the Chamber of the King and the chiefest Emporium or seat of Traffick in the World To describe all things in this City worthy to be known would take up a whole Volume I shall only say seated she is in an Excellent Air in a Fertile Soil and on the famous Navigable River Thomas about 60 miles from the Sea in 51 degr 30 min. North Latitude In Length from East to West seven English miles and a half and from North to South two miles and a half But of late years so increased and still multiplying in Building in all her parts that there can no Bounds or Limits be set to her Circumference The Buildings fair and stately for large Piazza's for spacious strait Streets and stately Uniform Building she has not any Rival in Europe It had 130 Parish-Churches besides Chappels the Mother-Church is that of St. Paul the only Cathedral of that Name in Europe It was a Structure for length 690 foot in breadth 130 in height 102 foot and contained about three Acres and a half of Ground Built in the form of a perfect Cross in the midst whereof was raised a Tower of stone 260 foot high and on that a Spire of Timber covered with Lead 260 foot more This stately Monument of England and Glory of the City of London was Ruined by the late Dreadful Conflagration in 1666. Yet since our late Gracious Soveraign Charles the Second like another Solomon laid a New Foundation of such a Fabrick as for Magnificence Splendor Figure and Excellent Architecture the World never saw the like The Model whereof was Designed by that Incomparable Architect Sir Christopher Wren And here I cannot but give a short Account of the vast Damage and Spoil done by th forementioned Fire It hath been computed that there were â—rnt wi hin the Walls of the City 12000 Houses and without 1000 Valued at three Millions and nine hundred thousand pounds Ster ing Besides 87 P risâ—-Churches the aforementioned Cathedral the Royal Exchange the Magni icent Guild-Hal the Cuâ—m-House the many Halls of Compa iâ— the Gates with other Publick â—uildings valued at two Millions The War-Houses Stuffs Money and Goods lost and spoiled were estimated to two Millions of pounds The Money spent in Removing of â—oâ—ds and Wares in the Hiâ— of Carts Bâ—ats Porters c. modâ—ly compuâ—d at the lâ—ast two hundred thousand pounds The whole Damage amounting at the least to Nine Millions nine hundred thousand pounds And what is most Remarkable that notwithstanding these excessive Losses by Fire the Devouring Pestilence but the Year before and the Chargeable War against three Potent Nations at the same time depending yet within four or five Years the City was Rebuilt divers stately Halls and Churches erected all infinitely more Beautiful more Commodious and more Solid than before for which all praise and glory be given to God by us and Posterity The vast Traffick and Commerce of this City may be guessed at by its Customs which though moderate compared with the Impositions of other Countries did formerly amount to about 300000 l. per Annum and now are increased by Report to a much greater Value Time would fail me here to speak of its Antiquity Stately Palaces Streets Exchanges Number of Inhabitants Trade and Government of its well-fortified Tower the Grand Arsenal of the Kingdom Its incomparable Bridge Publick Colledges Schools Hospitals Work-Houses c. I shall therefore only add London is a huge Magazine of Men Money Ships and all sorts of Commodities the Mighty Rendezvous of Nobility Gentry Courtiers Divines Lawyers Physicians Ladies Merchants Seamen and all kind of Excellent Artificers of the most Refined Wits and the most Excellent Beauties in the World. Of the Universities Oxford Oxonium Lat. Calleva Ant. Oxenford Sax. Rhidichin or Rhydychen Brit. And Cambridge Camboricum Ant. Cantabrigia Beda Granchester Sax. IN the beautiful Body of the Kingdom of England the two Eyes are the two Vniversities those Renowned Nurseries of Learning and Religion which for number of Magnificent and Richly Endowed Colledges for liberal Stipends to all sorts of publick Professors for number of well furnished Libraries for Number and Quality of Students exact Discipline and Order are not to be Parallel'd in the whole World. So famous beyond the Seas and so much surpassing all other in Forreign parts that they deserve a far worthier Pen than mine to Blazon their Excellency I shall therefore only say that nothing was ever devised more singularly advantagious to Gods Church and Mans Happiness than these Vniversities from whence men of Excellent parts after seasonable time in Study are called forth to serve both in Church and State. York Eboracum Ant. Eburacum Ptol. Caerfrock vel Caer-Efroc Brit. is a City of great Antiquity esteemed the second of England Famous for its Cathedral for the Birth-place of Constantine the Great and the Burial-place of Severus the Emperor it is the Title of the Kings second Son and an Archbishoprick Canterbury Durovernum Darvenum Ant. Ptol. Durovernia Beda is remarkable for being the Seat of an Archbishop who is Primate of all England Bristol Bristolium Famous for its Trade and Commerce and for its Scituation in two Counties Norwich Norvicum for its Industry in Woollen Manufactures Salisbury Sarum for its rare Cathedral wherein there are as many Doors as Months as many Windows as Days and as many Pillars as Hours in the Year Windsor Windlesora pleasantly seated on the side of the Thames and is famous for its stately Castle and Royal Palace of his Majesty Jam. II. Gloucester is the Title of the Third Son of Great Britain seated upon the Severn near the Isle Aldney where was fought the Combat between Edmund Iron-side King of the English Saxons and Canutus the Dane I had purposed to have given a more particular description of all the rest of the principal Cities in England but must defer it for a Treatise of England wherein each County is drawn for a Pocket-Volume after a more new and compendious way than ever yet extant I shall therefore here say no more of England Of Wales WALES by Rob Morden WALES is a Principality adjoyning to and annext in Government with England Inhabited by the Posterity of the Ancient Britans who being driven out of the rest of the Land by the intruding Saxons whom they sent for over to Assist them against
the Incursions of the Scots and Picts sheltered themselves in those Mountainous parts and to this day retain their Primitive Language which hath the least mixture of Exotick words of any now used in Europe but by reason of its many Consonants is lâ—ss pleasing to the Ear The People are Faithful and very loving to one another in a strange Country and to strangers in their own Their Gentry brave and Hospital but generally subject to Choler suddenly moved to Anger and as quickly pacified and value themselves very much upon their Pedigrees and Families The Eldest Son and Heir Apparent of our Kings of England is always Qualified during the Life of his Father with the Title of Prince of Wales 'T is bounded on all sides by the Sea except towards England from which it was once separated by a great Ditch called Offa's Dike in many places yet to be seen which Dike began from the Influx of the River Wye in the Severn and reached unto Chester about 85 Miles Most Writers tell us 't is now divided by the River Dee and a Line drawn to the River Wye But Monmouth being taken from it and added to England its present Limits are the River Dee and a Line drawn to the small River Rumpney near Cardiff The Country is generally Mountainous yet not without its fertile Vallies which bears good Corn and breedeth abundance of Cattel Butter and Cheese Other Commodities are Welsh Freezes Cottons Bayes Herrings White and Red Hides Calves-skins Honey Wax It hath Mines of Lead Lead-ore Coals It is well-stored with Quarries of Free-stones and Milstones It once contained three Kingdoms viz. Gwineth Venedotia or North-Wales Deheubarth Demetia or South-Wales And Powisland or Mathraval 'T is now according to an Act of Parliament in the Reign of King Henry the Eighth severed into two parts viz. North-Wales and South-Wales each of these contain six Counties viz. in the North Anglesey Mona Tac. Caernarvon Denbigh Flint Merioneth and Montgomery In the South Brecknock Cardigan Carmarthen Glamorgan Pembroke and Radnor Whose chief Towns are Beaumarish al Beaumorish Bellomariscus of old the chief of Anglesey seated upon the Menai River founded by King Edward the first Aberfraw was the Royal Seat of the Kings of Gwineth or North-Wales And Holy-Head or Caergubi of the Welsh a noted Promontory and passage into Ireland In this Island was the ancient Seat of the Drâ—ids brought under the Roman Scepter by Julius Agricola Caernarvon Arvonia of old the best Town of that Shire strong by Nature and Art founded by King Edward the First In the Castle whereof Edward the Second the first Prince of Wales was born Bangor or Banchâ—r Bangoria Lat. Dignified with a Bishops See. Aberconway raised out of the ruins of the Banonium of Ant. Canovijostium Denbish Denbighia Lat. seated on the River Cluyd once fortified with a strong Castle and Wall. Ruthin seated in the Strat Cluyd Wrexham plenty in Lead Llâ—nsâ—inan a small Village is famous for its Cave in the side of a Rock known by the Name of Arthur's round Table St. Asaph Llan-Elwy Welsh Fannum St. Asaphi an ancient Episcopal See founded by Kentigern a Scotch Bishop of Glasco in Anno 560. Flint which giveth Name to the County Not far from Cajeruis is the famous Well of St. Winnifrid in English Holy-well a place of great note and much resorted unto for the Cure of several Diseases In this County of Flint are yet seen some Ruins of the Bonium of Ant. lying upon both sides of the Dee turned afterwards into a Monastery and named Bancornabury by Bede and Banchor by Malmesbury the first of the Britans containing 2100 persons Harlech had a strong Castle mounted upon a steep Rock but reduced to ruins 't is the place of Assizes for Merionethshire and the chief Market of the Mountaniers Bala seated near Llin-tegid or Pimblemeer through which the Dee is said to run and not to mingle with its waters Montgomery the Shire-Town is so called from Roger of Montgomery Earl of Shrewsbury in the reign of the Conqueror Lanvethlin or Llanvilling is thought to be the Mediolanium of Ptolomy and Ant. Trellin or Welshpool seated on the Severn and in a rich Vale is the greatest and best built Town in the County and its Castle called Powis-Castle is a large and stately building Machleneth the Maglona of the Notitia Mathraval the Seat sometimes of the Princes of Powis Brecknock Brichinia Lat seated at the meeting of the Rivers Hodney and Vsk over which it hath a Stone-Bridge It contains three Parish-Churches and was once strengthened with a strong Castle Built Buâ— the Bulâ—um of Ant. pleasantly seated among the Woods on the Banks of the Wie New Radnor thus distinguished from the old the Magnae of Ant. and Magae of the Notitia seated near the Springhead of the Somergil and in a pleasant Valley At Prestaine seated on the Lug are the Assizes kept Knighton is a well built Burrough-Town The west-part of this County of Radnor is very Rocky and Mountainous the strong refuge of Vortigern King of the Britains when pursued by the Saxons and the fear and hate of his own Subjects Snowden-Hill was the safe retreat of Owen Glendor Cardigan Aber tyvi Welsh Cevetica Lat. seated on a Rock on the Bank of Tywy River near the Influx into the Sea is the Shire Town and governed by a Mayor Llan-beder hath a Market on Tuesdays Aber-y-stwith seated at the mouth of the Rivers Ystwith and Ridol descending from the foot of the Philimon Mountain as doth also the Teme and Wye-River Llanbadernvaur is a well-built Town graced with a fair Church formerly an Episcopal Sea now the Parish-Church of Aberystwith Caermarden the Maridunum of Ptolomy upon the River Tovy over which it hath a fair Stone-Bridg and it is a Town Corporate governed by a Mayor two Sheriffs and sixteen Burgesses all clad in Scarlet and is also famous for the Birth-place of Merlin the British Prophet Higher upon the top of a Hill under which runneth the Tovy stood Dinevour Castle the seat of the Prince of South-Wales Newcastle on the edg of Cardiganshire on the River Tyvi thought to be the Coventinum of Ptolomy but Lyn Savatan near Brecknock is the Loventinam or Luentium Camb. In Glamorganshire the chief Towns are Landaff Fanum ad Tattam seated on the River Tavy or Taff having â— large Cathedral a Bishops See otherwise scarce comparable to an indifferent Town occasioned by its vicinity to Cardiff the fairest Town in all South-Wales Containing two Parishes and one Church A strong stately Castle 'T is governed by a Constable and twelve Aldermen c. 'T is the place of the Assizes and the best Market in the Country Neath the Nidum of Ptolomy is much frequented for Coals Swansey or Aber-taw is an ancient Port Reve Town of a good Trade by reason of its Coal-pits and industry of its Inhabitants Boverton not far from Cowbridg is the Bovium of Ant. Loghar upon the River so called is
of its Excellency in her Traffick and Commerce the goodness of her Air and general Fertility It is the least Part of all yet has produced the great Alexanders and Caesars of the Universe contains within its Bounds the principal Part of the Roman and Grecian Monarchies and which to this day furnisheth the other parts of the World with Colonies It s Scituation is all in the Northern Temperate Zone which free the Inhatants from the insupportable Heats of Africk and from those which also parch the more Southern Climes of Asia The Air is generally sweet and temperate unless in the remotest Countries of the North The Soil affords all sorts of Grain and Fruit of which the other Parts of the World are often in Want But her highest Glory and Prerogative is that she is not only Europe but Christendom and hath embraced the true Religion But alas the strange Schisms the shameful vices the lamentable dissentions the unchristian divisions about Ceremonies and Opinions are fatal Eclipses of her brightness and splendor who otherwise might justly have been stiled The Temple of Religion The Court of Policy and Government The Academy of Learning The Mistris of Arts and Sciences The Magazine of Trade The Nurse of Victorious and famous people And the Paradice of humane felicity The length of Europe is variously set down by Geographers Cluverius saith from the Cape of St. Vincent unto the mouth of the River Oby is 900 German or 3600 Italian miles I find that the true distance cannot be more than 50 degrees which multiplied by 73 for so many miles are found to be in a degree makes 3650 Geometrical or Italian miles Sansons Map of Europe makes the distance to be 55 degrees which multiplied by 73 makes 4015 which is 365 miles more than the greatest distance can be But the Great New Atlas tells us 't is 71 degrees of the Equator which multiplied by 73 makes 5183 which is but 1533 miles too large in the length of Europe Maginus tells us that the distance from Lisbon to Constantinople is 600 German or 2400 Italian miles The true distance I find cannot be more than 32½ which multiplied by 73 makes 2352 miles But Sansons Map makes the Distance to be 36 which makes 276 miles too much Heylin tells us that Europe is in length 2800 miles in breadth 1200 miles but from whence he begins or what miles he means the Reader cannot tell so that I think he had as good have said nothing The Breadth by Cluverius from Cape Matrapan of the Morea to the North Cape is reckoned to be 550 German or 2200 Italian miles Maginus makes it to be almost 600 German or 2400 Italian miles The true distance or difference of Latitude is 35 degr of the Equator which multiplied by 73 makes 2555 miles Sanson's Map makes it 38 degrees which makes 2774 miles which is 209 miles too much But the great Atlas tells us it contains about 44 degrees which makes 3212 miles 657 miles too large Toward the North Europe is bounded by the Northern Ocean otherwise called the Frozen Sea by reason of the continual Ice which incommodes those Parts Towards the West it is limited by the Western or Atlantick Ocean by the Mediterranean Sea toward the South and beyond that Sea by part of Africa As for the Eastern Bounds from the Mediterranean Sea to the North they are these The Archipelago or White Sea anciently called the Aegean Sea. 2. The Streight of Gallipoli or the Dardanells otherwise called the Arm of St. George and formerly the Hellespont 3. By Mar di Marmora formerly Mare Propontis 4. By the Streight of Constantinople or the Canal of Mar Maggiore formerly the Thracian Bosphorus 5. By the Black or Mar Maggiore formerly Pontus Euxinus 6. By the Streight of Caffa or Vespero otherwise the Mouth of St. John formerly the Cimmerian Bosphorus 7. By Mare Limen otherwise the Sea of Zabaique and Tanais formerly Palus Moeotis 8. By the River Donn or Tana formerly Tanais 9. By a Line drawn from the most Eastern Winding of Donn to the Northern Ocean near Obi Some there are that draw this Line more to the West from the Sources of Donn to the White Sea which is in Muscovy making Europe much less than it is Others inclose within the Limits of Europe all the Conquest of the Great Duke of Muscovie which are in the Asiatick Tartary Europe is divided into Continent and Islands which contain these Kingdoms or Estates viz. Towards the North the Isles of Great Britain containing the Kingdoms of England Scotland and Ireland the Principality of Wales with many Islands dependant upon them 2ly Scandinavia containing the Kingdoms of 1. Denmark with Norway and Sweden 3ly The several Kingdoms Dutchies c. of the Grand Czar of Russia and Muscovia 4. The Kingdom Estates c. of Poland and Lithuania Towards the Middle 1. The Northern Estates of Turkie in Europe viz. 1. Tartaria Europa Walachia Moldavia Transilvania and Hungaria 2. The Empire of Germania with its eight Electorates 3ly The Estates of the Republick of Switzerland The Seven Vnited Provinces The Ten Spanish Provinces 4. The Kingdoms of France with its Twelve Governments and late Acquisitions Towards the South 1. The Kingdoms and Principalities of Spain 2. The Kingdom of Portugal The Kingdoms and Estates in Italy The Estates and Dukedom of Savoy Piemont c. The Kingdoms and Isles of Sicily Sardinia and Majorca c. The Southern Estates of Turkie in Europe viz. Sclavonia Croatia Dalmatia Ragusa Bosnia Servia Bulgaria The Country of Greece containing the Kingdoms and parts of Romania or Thracia Macedonia Thessalia Albania Epirus and Graecia or Achaia and Peloponnesus or the Morea with the Isle of Negropont c. The Islands of Europe are seated either in the Ocean the Mediterranean or Baltick Seas The Islands lying in the Ocean are the British Isles aforesaid Sicily Sardinia Corsica and Candy are the biggest Islands in the Mediterranean The Islands of the Baltick Sea we shall speak of in the Description of Denmark We may consider the Estates of Europe according to their Titles without Regard to their Dignity and say that there is 1. The Estate of the Church or Pope in Italy 2. Two Empires Germany and Turkie The first half Monarchy half Commonwealth The latter only Monarchical 3. Seven Kingdoms every one Govern'd by their own Kings that acknowledg no Superior viz. England France Spain Portugal Swedeland Denmark and Poland That of France is most perfect and descends only to the Heirs Male ever since the Salique-Law The five other admit the Female All are Hereditary only Poland which is Elective There are moreover in Europe other lesser Kingdoms comprehended under these as those of Bohemia and Hungary under the Emperor of Germany That of Navarr under the King of France That of Naples in Italy Sicily Sardinia and Majorca under the Crown of Spain And those of Scotland and Ireland under the King of England 4. Eight
be Rich. A New Map of VIRGINIA By Rob t Morden NO sooner had Colonus alias Columbus made his prime discovery of the Western World when seconded by John Cabot a Venetian the Father of Sebastian Cabot in behalf by the incouragement and at the charges of Henry the Seventh King of England who in the year 1497 discovered all this Coast from the Cape of Florida in the South beyond New-found-land in the North as far as to the Latitude of 67 and half Causing the Sachims or petit-Petit-Kings to turn Homagers to the King and Crown of England This discovery by the two Cabots Father and Son did first intitle he Crown of England to the right of that vast Tract of Land. This design was after seconded by Mr. Hare bringing thence certain of the said Petit-Kings who did homage to King Henry the Eight Rediscovered by the Direction and at the charge of Sir Walter Rawleigh Anno 1584 who sending Mr. Philip Amadas and Mr. Arthur Barlow did take possession thereof in Queen Elizabeths name in honor of whom he caused all the said Tract of Land to be called Virginia Some say it was so called by the Queen her self by the Natives called Apalchen but Virginia is now circumscribed by that space of Land that lies between Mary-land which bounds it on the North and Carolina on the South New-England New-York New-Jersey Mary-land Carolina and Pensilvania have since been separated from it by particular Patents and made distinct Provinces of themselves The entrance by Sea into this Country is by the Mouth of the Bay of Chesapeac between Cape Henry and Cape Charles The chief Rivers of Virginia are 1. Powhatan now called James River on the West side of the mouth of the Bay of Chesapeac this River is at its entrance about three Miles wide and Navigable about one hundred and fifty Miles 2. Pamaunkee termed York River fourteen Miles Northward from James River Navigable now sixty or seventy Miles but with small Vessels about thirty or forty Miles farther 3. Rappahanoc antiently known by the name of Toppahanoc Navigable about one hundred and thirty Miles Besides these Navigable and more principal Rivers there are other smaller Rivers and of less note which fall into some or other of the forementioned Into Powhattan falls Apumatuc Southward Eastward Quyonycahanuc Nunsamund and Chesopeac Northward Chickâ—mabania Into Pamuunkee fall Poyankatank That part of the Country now planted by the English is divided into Nineteen Counties viz. On the Eastern Shore the Country of Northampton in Acomack on the Western Shore the Counties of Caratuck Lower-Norfolk Nansemund Isle of Wight Surry Warwick Henrico James Charles York New-Kent Glocester Middlesex Lancaster Northumberland Westmoreland Rappahanock and Hartford Of the few Towns hitherto erected in this Colony the chief is James Town the principal seat of the English and so denominated from and in honor of King James of Great Britain This Town is situated in a Peninsula on the North-side of James-River and hath in it many fair Houses whereof some are of Brick and at a little distant from the City is a fair Brick House called Green-Spring whe e the present Governor himself usually resides The other English Towns of most considerable note are only three viz. Henricopolis or Henry's Town situated about eighty Miles from James's City farther within Land Dales Gift so named from Sir Thomas Dale Deputy-Governor in the year 1610 at whose charges it was built and planted and Elizabeth's City containing several good Houses of Brick and Stone and lying on the same side of the River with James's City only nearer the mouth of the River Though English and other Foreign Coyns are not wholly wanting here upon several occasions yet the usual way of Traffick is by exchange of one Commodity for another but the general Standard by which all other Commodities receive their value is Tobacco which of all other Commodities this Country is capable of producing hath been hitherto the Subject of the Planters Industry of which there are two sorts one called Sweet-Scented the other called Oranoac which signifies as much as bright and large the first is of the greatest price the other more in quantity The Plantations that are judg'd to produce the best sort of Sweet-Scented are upon York River Of this Commodity of Tobacco there is so great a quantity planted in Virginia and imported from thence into England that the Custom and Excise paid for it in England yields the King about 50000 or 60000 Pound Sterling yearly for there are bound hither every year above one hundred and fifty Sail of Ships from England and other English Plantations merely for the taking off of this Commodity which they barter for Clothing Houshold-Stuff and all manner of Utensils and the only thing which lessens the value of it is the great quantity that is planted of it which if it were in less abundance it would be of much more esteem and yield far greater profit The Government of Virginia is by a Governor and Council deputed and authorized from time to time by the King of Great Britain the Legislative Power being in the Governor and a General Assembly which he calls to advise with and which consists of two Houses the upper House which is the Council it self and the lower which consists of chosen Bugâ—sses The chief Court of Judicature where all Civil and Criminal Causes are heard and determined and where the Governor and Council are Judges is called the Quarter-Court as being held every quarter of a year There are also Inferior Courts which are kept every Month in each of the forementioned Counties where matters not of the highest moment that is to say not relating to Life or Member or exceeding a certain limited value are tried and from whence in such Cases Appeals are made to the Quarter Courts There are likewise appointed by the Governor for the better administration of Justice in every respective Country Sheriffs Justices of Peace and other Officers of whom being deputed by the Governor to sit there these Country-Courts chiefly consist The Climate of Virginia is generally healthful and since the rectification of Diet and Lodging not disagreeable to English Bodies however at the first Plantation they were subject to a Distemper called a Seasoning though of late not frequent and much less mortal A Description of Mary-Land MAry-Land is a large and fertile Province lying between thirty eight Degrees and forty Degrees of North Latitude upon both sides of Cheasa-peak-Bay which is Navigable near two hundred Miles The Southerly Banks of the River Patow-meck divide it from Virginia on the South The Atlantick Ocean and Delaware Bay bounds it on the East Pensilvania on the North and the Meridian of the first Fountain of the River Patow-meck on the West This Province of Mary-Land his Majesty King Charles the First Anno 1632 granted by Patent to the Right Honourable Caecilius Calvert Lord Baltemore and to his Heirs and Assigns and by that Patent created him and
Geography Rectified OR A DESCRIPTION OF THE WORLD In all its Kingdoms Provinces Countries Islands Cities Towns Seas Rivers Bayes Capes Ports Their Ancient and Present Names Inhabitants Situations Histories Customs Governments c. As also their Commodities Coins Weights and Measures Compared with those at LONDON Illustrated with Seventy six MAPS The Second Edition Inlarged with above Thirty Sheets more in the Description and about Twenty New MAPS The whole Work performed according to the more Accurate Observations and Discoveries of Modern Authors By ROBERT MORDEN LONDON Printed for Robert Morden and Thomas Cockerill at the Atlas in Cornhill and at the Three Legs in the Poultrey over against the Stocks-Market MDCLXXXVIII E. A. Rouse EASTWAY A Catalogue of the Maps in this Book 1 WOrld Fol. 2 EVROPE 10 3 England Scotland and Ireland 14 4 England 17 5 Wales 26 6 Scotland 30 7 Ireland 36 8 Denmark 42 9 Sweden and Norway 54 10 Muscovia c. 60 11 Poland 68 12 Tartary in Europe 76 13 Moldavia Valachia Transilvania 81 14 Hungaria 85 15 Germany 99 16 The Vnited Provinces 140 17 The Spanish Provinces 148 18 France 156 19 Spain 168 20 Portugal 186 21 Italy 190 22 Helvetia or Schwitzerland 193 23 Savoy and Piedmont 201 24 Sicily 221 25 Sclavon Croatia Dalmatia c. 225 26 Servia Bulgaria c. 231 27 Greece 234 28 ASIA 321 29 The Turkish Empire in Asia 325 30 Canaan or the Holy Land 338 31 Cyprus the Isles of Asia Minor 353 32 Turkish Empire in general 362 33 Arabia 366 34 Persia 372 35 Tartaria in Asia 387 36 Empire of the Great Mogul 395 37 India on this side Ganges 403 38 India beyond Ganges 411 39 China 416 40 Japan 420 41 Maldives Islands 428 42 Ceylon 430 43 The Isles of Sonde 434 44 The Philippine Island 436 45 The Molucca Islands 438 46 AFRICA 441 47 Barbary 448 48 Fez and Morocco 450 49 Algier 460 50 Egypt 469 51 Biledulgerid Zaara Guiny c. 483 52 Ethiopia or Habessinia 489 53 Congo c. 492 54 Cafferia Monomotapa 494 55 Zanguebar 497 56 The Isles of Azores 499 57 The Canary-Islands 501 58 Cape Verde Islands 504 59 Madagascar c. 507 60 Malta 510 61 AMERICA 512 62 Magellanica 516 63 Chili and Paraguay 520 64 Brasil 523 65 Amazone Peru Guyana Castella del Or c. 526 66 The Western Islands 534 67 Jamaica 537 68 Barbadoes 541 69 New Spain 546 70 New Mexico 555 71 Florida and the Lakes of Canada 557 72 Carolina 559 73 Virginia and Maryland 561 74 Pensilvania and New Jersey 567 75 New England and New York 576 76 Northw part of America 589 TO HIS Most Worthy and most Honoured Friend Mr. THOMAS GODDARD OF LONDON Merchant SIR HAVING made many Considerable Improvements and Additions to my Geography in this Second Edition I have all the reason in the world to shelter it once more under the Patronage of your Name whose Affairs abroad have not only given You a better Knowledg and Experience of Foreign Parts but whose Encouragement and Bounty next to Divine Goodness have only contributed to its Production which otherwise with its poor Author must have for ever lain latent under the Horizon of unknown Obscurity and irresistible Poverty The declining therefore the Imputation of Ingratitude is my only Plea and though it may not be pleasing to You yet not to have done it in my Circumstances would have been my just Crime I humbly therefore beg your Goodness will be pleased to add to your former Kindnesses that of passing by the Imperfections of what is offered In excuse of which I can only say That as 't is not the Industry of one Age that can rectifie and compleat the Ataxie of Geography Nor the work of any one man that of Coins Weights and Measures so a well meaning Essay towards both I hope will find a Courteous Entertainment from the more judicious and unprejudiced Reader For I have this I will not say to justifie but to excuse at least my boldness and forwardness that if I had known these things to have been but tolerably performed by others I had neither troubled my Reader nor mis-spent my own time about the Rectification of them wherein although I have again made many Corrections and Amendments yet that I have made good some mens Expectations and freed them from all defects and oversights neither my fears nor my modesty will permit me to be confident of so that knowing this work which I have undertaken is liable to common Censure I am bold to shrowd it under your Protection humbly imploring your kind Reception and Pardon for this my presumption for which and for the excess of many Favours I shall ever pray for the prosperity of You and yours And for ever acknowledg my self Your Most Humble most Faithful and most Obliged Servant Robert Morden To the Reader SO great was the attempt of my first Essay in the publishing of my Geography Rectified that for my heedless presumption I can alledg no excuse unless that the zeal of my love for its Truth so transported my senses as I considered not the weight I undertook And therefore I again crave pardon for the audacity of that attempt Humbly acknowledging a Work of that concernment and difficulty in it self did well deserve the conjunction of many heads and hands and surely more advantageous had it been unto Geography to have fallen into the Endeavours of some able Advancers that might have performed it unto the life and added Authority thereto For I am not ignorant of the discouragement of contradiction of the difficulty of Disswasion from radicated beliefs of what cold requitals some have found in their Redemptions of Truth and how ingenious Discoveries have been dismissed with obliquity and censured with singularity But the kind Reception it found from several Worthy and Learned Gentlemen more especially that Influence that it received from the two most Learned Vniversities of the World Oxford and Cambridg hath once more drawn me upon the Horizon of publick View not as a Master but as a poor Labourer carrying the Carved Stones and the polished Pillars of the more skilful Architects to set them in my mean Fabrick I have indeed laid my building upon other mens foundations for who in this Subject can do otherways Nor do I hold it a Plagiary to say I have used their Richest Jewels to adorn this Work. In excuse whereof give me leave to plead That in all Arguments and Subjects which have been written upon from the infancy of Learning to this Age there hath been a continual strife and emulation amongst Writers to mend supply or methodize whatsoever hath been done before It would be too tedious to reckon up the several Authors on some one Subject being a Truth so obvious as not to need much proof nor is it less apparent that still the latter must needs have a great advantage beyond the former by adding the experience of his own times
such miles are exactly equal to a Degree I shall here note that no Country doth in all parts of its Territories make use of the same extent in measuring The Germans have their great little and ordinary miles the Leagues of France and Spain are of different lengths and so are the miles in our own Country The Earth as was said before is encompassed about with the Water which washing and surrounding the dry Land cuts out and shapes so many winding Bays Creeks and meandring Inlets and seems no where so much confined and penned as in the Straits of Magellan from whence again expatiating it spreads its self into two immense and almost boundless Oceans which give Terminaries to the four Regions of the Earth and extending it self round them all is but one continued Ocean The Water is either Ocean Seas Straits Creeks Lakes or Rivers The Ocean is a general Collection or Rendezvouz of all Waters The Sea is a part of the Ocean and is either exterior lying open to the shore as the British or Arabian Seas or interior lying within the Land to which you must pass through some Strait as the Mediterranean or Baltick Seas A Strait is a narrow part or Arm of the Ocean lying betwixt two Shores and opening a way into the Sea as the Straits of Gibralter the Hellespont c. A Creek is a small narrow part of the Sea that goeth up but a little way into the Land otherwise called a Bay a Station or Road for Ships A Lake is that which continually retains and keeps Water in it as the Lakes Nicurgua in America and Zaire in Africa A River is a small Branch of the Sea flowing into the Land courting the Banks whilst they their Arms display to embrace her silver waves Of the Names of the Ocean According to the four Quarters it had four Names From the East it was called the Eastern or Oriental Ocean from the West the Western or Occidental Ocean from the North the Northern or Septentrional and from the South the Southern or Meridional Ocean But besides these more general Names it hath other particular Appellations according to the Countries it boundeth upon and the Nature of the Sea As it lies extended towards the East it is called the Chinean Sea from the adjacent Country of China Towards the South 't is called Oceanus Indicus or the Indian Sea because upon it lies the Indians Where it touches the Coast of Persia it is called Mare Persicum So also Mare Arabicum from Arabia So towards the West is the Ethiopian Sea. Then the Atlantick Ocean from Atlas a Mountain or Promontory in Africa but more Westward near to America it is called by the Spaniards Mar del Nort and on the other side of America it is called Mar del Zur or Mare Pacificum Where it toucheth upon Spain it is called Oceanus Hispanicus by the English the Bay of Biscay The Sea between England and France is called the Channel between England and Ireland the Irish Sea Between England and Holland it is called by some the German or rather the British Ocean Beyond Scotland it is called Mare Caledonium higher towards the North it is called the Hyperborean or Frozen Sea more Eastward upon the Coast of Tartary the Tartarian Sea or Scythian Ocean c. The Names of the Inland Seas are 1. The Baltick Sea by the Dutch called the Oast Zee by the Inhabitants Die Belth lying between Denmark and Sweden the chief Entrance whereof is called the Sound 2. Pontus Euxinus or the Black Sea to which joyns Meâ—tis Palus now Mar de Zabacke The third is the Caspian or Hircanian Sea. The fourth is the Arabian Gulf Mare Erythaeum Mare Rubeum or the Red Sea. The fifth is the Persian Gulf or the Gulf de Elcatif The sixth is Mare Mediterraneum by the English the Straits by the Spaniards Mar de Levant the beginning or entrance of it is called the Straits of Gibralter rather Gibal-Tarif Now that all Places Cities Towns Seas Rivers Lakes c. may be readily found out upon the Globe or Map all Geographers do or should place them according to their Longitude and Latitude the use of which in the absolute sense is to make out the position of any Place in respect of the whole Globe or to shew the Scituation and distance of one place from and in respect of any other Longitude is the distance of a place from the first Meridian reckoned in the degrees of the Equator beginning by some at the Canaries by others at the Azores by reason of which Confusion I have made the Longitudes in this English Geography to begin from London and are reckoned Eastward and Westward according as they are situated from London on the top of the Map. And have also added the Longitude from the Tenerif round about the Globe of the Earth at the bottom of the Map as usually in the Dutch Maps that so you may by inspection only see the Truth or Error if you compare them with the Tables or Maps formerly Extant The Latitude of a place is the distance of the Equator from that place reckoned in the degrees of the great Meridian and is either North or South according as it lies between the North and South-Poles of the Equator EVROPE is divided into these Kingdoms or Estates  Cities Modern Cities Old. Northwards The Isles of Great Britain or England Scotland Wales and Ireland c. London Londinium Edinburgh Alata Castra Welshpool Trillinum Dublin Eblana Scandinavia contains the Kingdoms of Denmark Norway Sweden Copenhagen Haphnia Berghen Bergae Stockholm Holmia The several Kingdoms of Russia or Moscovia L'Arcangel Archangelopolis Moskow Moscha The Estates of the Kingdom of Poland Cracow and Cracovia Dantzick Gedanum In the Middle The Northern Estates of Turkie in Europe Tartaria Europa Walachia Moldavia Transilvania Hungaria Caffa Theodosia Tarvis Targoviscum Jassy Jassium Weissemburg Alba Julia Buda Sicambia The Empire of Germany Vienna Ala Flaviana The Estates or Republicks of Switzerland 7Vnited Provinces 10 Spanish Provinc Zurick Tigurium Amsterdam Amsterodamum Antwerpen Andoverpum Kingdom or 12 Gover. of France Paris Lutetia Southwards Kingdoms Principal of Spain Madrid Madritum The Kingdom of Portugal Lisbon Olysippo Estates of the Duke of Savoy c. Chambery Cameriacum Kingdoms and Estates in Italy Rome Roma The Kingdom and Isle of Sicily Messina Messana The Southern Estates of Turkie in Europe Sclavonia Croatia Dalmatia Ragusa Bosnia Servia Bulgaria Romania Zagrab Sisopa Vihitz Vihitza Zara Jadera Ragusa Epidaurus Bosna Serai Jayeza Belgrade Alba Graeca Sophia Sardica Constantinople Byzantium The Estates of Greece Athini Athaenae The Islands of Negropont Candia Sardinia c. Negropont Eubaea Candia Matium Cagliari Calaris Of Europe EVROPE by Robt. Morden EVROPE one of the four great Parts of the World is also the most considerable in Respect of the Beauty of her Kingdoms and Commonwealths the Politeness of her Inhabitants the Excellent Government of her Cities as also in Regard
Electorates Mayence Treves Cologn Bohemia Bavaria Saxony Brandenburgh and the Palatinate of the Rhine 5. One Arch-Duke the Duke of Austria 6. Two Great Dukes of Moscovy and Toscany The Prince of the first assumes the Title of Emperor and indeed it is a Dukedom on which depends thirty other Dutchies and three Kingdoms This Duke is absolute over his Subjects and is called by the general Name of Gran Czar 7. Six Sovereign Dukedoms besides those that are under the Empire Savoy Lorrain Mantua Modena Parma and Curland 8. Four Principalities that depend upon the Turks Transilvania Walachia Moldavia and the lesser Tartary 9. Seven Commonwealths the Seven Vnited Provinces Switzerland Venice Genoa Geneva Luca and Ragusa To which some add the Commonwealth of Marine in Italy Lastly A great number of Principalities and Imperial Free Towns enjoying a Soveraignty in their Territories but yet they acknowledg a Superior Power The Ecclesiastical Government of Europe in general is either Papal owning the Pope as Supream or Episcopal owning the King as Supream in all Cases and Archbishops and Bishops under him Or Superintendant which is a kind of Episcopal among the Lutherans but yet owning no Head of the Church on Earth neither Pope nor King nor Civil Magistrate There is also the Presbyterian or Synodical owning a Presbytery a Synod or Lay-Elders c. as Supream but no Bishops or Superintendants There are four Principal Languages reckon'd to be spoken in this Part of the World Tutonick Latin Greek and Sclavonian The Tutonick is of three sorts High Dutch in Germany Saxon in England and Scotland Danish in Denmark Sweden Norway and Ireland The Latin is corrupted into Italian French and Spanish The Greek had formerly four Dialects the Attick Ionick Dorick and Aeolick The Sclavonian Language runs through all Sclavonia Bohemia Poland and Moscovy and all the Turkish Empire in Europe There are also seven other Languages of less Note which are used in Europe The Albanian or Epirotick in Epirus and Macedonia The Cosack or Tartarian in part of Poland and Tartary The Hungarian or Bulgarian in Servia Bosnia Bulgaria and Hungary c. the Finick in Finmark and Lapland Irish in Ireland and Scotland The British is spoken in Wales Cornwal and in Britany in France Biscayn is spoken only in Biscany neer to the Cantabrian Ocean or Bay of Biscay ENGLAND SCOTLAND IRELAND by Robt. Morden Of the British Isles UNDER this Title are Comprehended several distinct and famous Islands the whole Dominion whereof now United is under the Command of the King of Great Britain c. Bounded on the North and West with the Hyperborean and Ducalidonean Ocean on the South divided from France with the English Channel on the East separated from Denmark and Belgia with the British by some call'd the German Ocean But on all sides environed with Turbulent Seas guarded with Dangerous Rocks and Sands defended with strong Forts and walled with a Potent and Royal Navy Of these Islands one is very large formerly called Albion now Great Britain comprehending two Kingdoms England and Scotland The other of lesser extent makes one Kingdom called Ireland The other smaller adjacent Isles are comprehended under one or other of these three Kingdoms according to the Situation and Congruity with them Many are the Changes and Alterations that these Islands have received in their Governments since their Original discovery they were first possessed by divers People independent one upon the other supposed to be the Britains descended from the Gauls for at the Entrance of the Romans the Island of Great Britain was divided into several Nations each Governed by its own King and particular Princes different in their Ends and Counsels and so the more easily subdued by the United Roman Force After the Romans the English Saxons were called in by the Britains to aid them against the Picts The Inhabitants of Scotland who after the common manner of forreign Auxiliaries soon seized the better Part for themselves and established Seven Kingdoms commonly called the Saxon Heptarchy Forcing the Britains the Ancient Proprietors to retire some into Britain in France from whence some think they first came but most of them into the Western and Mountainous Part called by the Saxons Walish Land now Wales where their Posterity still remains The State of England in the time of Ptolomy living in the Reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius about the year of Rome 892 and about 95 years since the Conquest thereof by the Emperour Claudius Caesar Also a Table of the Saxon Heptarchy Ancient Inhabitants Counties Names Ancient Names of the Towns. The present Names Saxon Heptarchy The Cantii of Kent Durovernum Rutupiae or Ritupis Canterbury Richborough vulgo Rochester Kingdom of Kent The Rhegni or Rhegini of Surry Sussex Naeomagus or Noviomagus Vindonis Woodcot-Hill near Wimbleton Wilchelsey Kingdom of the South Saxons The Iceni or Simeni of Norfolk Suffolk Cambridgshire and Huntingtonshire Venta Icenorum Villa Faustini Caster St. Edmondsbury Kingdom of the East Angles The Trinobantes or Trinoantes Middlesex Essex Hartfordshire Part Londinium Camudolanum or Camulodunum or Camalodunum London Maldon in Essex Kingdom of the East Saxons The Brigantes The Otalini or Otadenii York shire Cumberland Lancashire Durham Westmerland Northumberland Isurium Eboracum Olicana Camulodunum Epiacum Rhigodunum Vinovium Caturactonium Calatum Curia Bremenium Aldburrow York Inkley Almondbury Papcastle Riblechester Binchester Catarick in Richm. Wheallep Castle Corbridg Rochester The Kingdom of the Northumbers which was divided into two Kingdoms viz. Deira and Bernicia Catvellani or Catyeuchlani Coritani or Coritavi Dobuni or Dodunni Cornavii Part of the Silures Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire Part of Hartfordshire Lincolnshire Leicestershire Rutlandshire Northamptonshire Nottinghamshire Darbyshire Glocestershire Oxfordshire Cheshire Shropshire Staffordshire Worcestershire Warwickshire Herefordshire Salenae Lactodurum Verolamium Lindum Ragae or Ratis Bennaventa Corinium Deva or Devana Viroconium Brannogenium Manduessedum Ariconium Sanday Stonystratford Verulam Lincoln Leicester Wedon Cirenchester Westchester Wroxcester Worcester Manchester Kenchester The Kingdom of Mercia Dummonii Belgae Durotriges Atrebati Cornwall Devonshire Somersetshire Wiltshire Hantshire Dorsetshire Barkshire Uxela or Uzela Voliba Isca Augusta Aquae Calidae Venta Belgarum Dunium or Durnovaria Nalcaea or Caleva Lystwithiel Falmouth Exceter Bath Winchester Dorchester Wallingford The kingdom of the West Saxons After this the Danes broke in like a Violent flood upon the Northumbers and though often vanquished yet being as often victorious they at last seized on the Monarchy of England which was sometimes held by the Danes sometimes by the Saxons till William Duke of Normandy took it from Harold and established the Monarchy which hath ever since continued in a Succession of Seven and twenty Princes down to our Present Gracious Soveraign King James the Second Of ENGLAND ENGLAND by Roâ—â— Morden A Table containing the Counties or Shires their Titles Cities and Towns their Latitude computed distance and Measured distance from London The number of Market-Towns of Parliament-men of Parishes in each County and their ancient Name
Title Counties or Shires Titles Cities and Towns. Latitude Com Dist Me. Dist M T. P. M Par. Con. Old Names  Bedfordshire E. Bedford 51 8 40 94 9 4 116 Bedfordia E. Barkshire  Reading 41 23 32 60 1â— 9 140 Readingum  Bâ—ckinghamsa D.M. Buckingham 52 00 44 40 15 4 185 Buckingamia  Cambridgshire E. Cambridg * 52 15 44 52 7 6 163 Camboritum    Ely B. C. 52 26 57 68    Eliâ— Â Cheshire C. P.  Chester B. C. 53 17 140 182 1â— 4 68 Deva D. Corâ—wal  Launceston 50 49 175 210 â—â— 44 161 Lanstaphadonia    Trâ—ro 50 27 211 263     D. Cumberland E. Carlile B. C. 54 59 229 â—01 16 6 58 Luguvallum  Dâ—â—byshire S. â—arby 52 58 98 1â—â— 12 4 106 Derbia E. Devonshire E. Exeter B. C. 50 4â— 140 172    Isca Damiâ—â—orum   Z. Plymouâ—â— 50 â—â— 184 â—1â— 4â— â—â— 35◠〈◊〉 E. Dorsetshire â— Dorchester â—â— 41 100 1â—3 â—â— â—â— â—â— Dâ—â—â—n  Dâ—â—ham  Darnam B. C. 54 49 20â— â—â— â— â— 6â— Dâ—â—lâ—â—n E. Essex V. C Colchester 51 â—â— 44 â—â— â—â— â— 415 Colonia    Chelmsford 51 47 25 â—â— Â Â Â Canoniâ—m  Glocestersâ— D. Glocester B.C. 51 54 â—3 1â—5 â—â— 8 180 Cleram  Hartfordshire  Hartford 51 49 20 21 1â— â— 1â—â— Hartfordâ— Â Â E. St. Albons 51 45 20 21    Verâ—lâ—miâ— Â Hampshire M. Winchester C. B. 51 3 54 67 20 26 24â— Venta Pâ—lâ—â—rum   ◠Southampton 50 5â— â—2 â—5    Clauâ—â—nâ—â—a  Herefordâ—hire V. C. Hereford B C. 51 8 102 130 8 8 176 Herefordia E. Hantingtoâ—â—â— E. Hentington 52 10 48 5â— 6 4 71 Hantingdonia E. Kent A. B. Canterbury C. â—â— 19 4â— â—7 28 â—0 â—â—â— Daroâ—ernam   E. Rochester B. 51 24 2â— â—â— Â Â Â Râ—fa  Lancashire C. P.  Lancaster â—4 27 187 2â—2 2â— 14 61 Longoâ—â—is   E. Manchester â—â— 35 1â—7 1â—â— Â Â Â Mancunium  Leicestershire E. Leicester 52 40 7â— 9â— 1â— 4 2â—0 Rhagae  Lincolnshire E. Lincoln 53 15 102 1â—â— â—1 12 631 Lindum E. Middlesex  London B. C. 51 31 0 0 5 8 73 Londinum    Westminster 51 â—0 1 1    Vestmonasteriâ—m D. Monmouth  Monmouth 51 52 100 127 7 3 156 Monumetia D. Norfolk  Norwich B. C. 52 42 90 108 34 12 625 Norâ—â—um   E. Yarmouth 52 44 100 122    Gariannâ—rum E. Northampton E. Peterborough BC 52 35 62 76 13 9 326 Petroburgum   F. Northampton 52 10 54 66    Antona Borealis D. Northandâ—â—and D M E Newcastle 55 1 212 276 11 8 40 Gabrosentum E. Nottingham E. Nottingham 52 59 96 112 9 8 168 Nottinghamia  Oxfordshire F. Oxford B. C. 51 46 47 59 12 10 208 Oxonium F. Rutland  Oâ—â—hâ—m 52 42 74 94 2 12 47 Uxocona  Shropshire F. Shrewsbury 52 46 124 157    Salopia    Ludlow 52 27 105 136 16 12 170 Ludloâ— D. Somersetshire E Bristol C. B. 51 28 94 115    Bristolium   E. Bath B. C. 51 23 87 96 34 18 385 Aâ—pâ—e Calidae E. Staffordshire F. Litchfield B.C. 52 45 94 118 19 9 1â—0 Lichfâ—ldia E.   Stafford 52 53 104 133    Staffordia  Suffolk V. C. Ipswich 52 10 60 68 30 15 464 Gippevicum E.   Bary 52 20 60 66    Villa Faâ—stini  Surâ—y F. Guilford 51 12 25 30 11 14 140 Neomagus   E. Kingston 50 23 10 12    Regiopolis E. Sussex E. Chichester B. C. 50 48 50 63 17 26 312 Cicestria  Warwickshire E. Warwick 52 20 67 90 15 6 158 Praesidium   E. Coventry B. C. 52 28 74 92    Conventria E. Westmorland  Kendal 54 23 203 258 8 â— 26 Concangium  Wâ—â—ashire E. Salisbury B. C. 51 3 70 8â— 21 34 804 Sorbiodunum    Wilton 51 4 73 86      Worcestershire M.E. Worcester B.C. 52 18 85 112 11 9 152 Bannogenium  Yorkshire D. York A B. C. 53 58 150 192 58 30 563 Eboracum   D. Richmond 54 24 185 40    Richmondia THE better Part of the best Island in the whole Earth anciently together with Scotland as was said before called Great Britain and sometimes Albion was by Egbert the 18th King of the West Saxon advanced to the Honour of an intire Monarchy who having with prosperous Arms subdued the principal Kingdoms of the Saxon Heptarchy stiled himself the first Monarch and commanded this South Part of Britain should be called Angle or Engle-lâ—nd from the Angles a people of the lower Saxons of whom he was descended by the French Angleterre by the Germans Englandt and by the Inhabitants England It is in length from Berwick in the North to the Isle of Wight in the South 375 Miles and from Dover in the East to the Lands-End in Cornwall in the West about 328 of the same Miles whereof 73 make a Degree In Compass about 1300 Miles in Shape Triangular and by computation contains about 30 Millions of Acres being about the Thousandth part of the Globe and the Three hundred thirty third Part of the habitable Earth England was in the time of the Romans divided into Britania Prima Britania Secunda and Maxima Caesariensis the first of these contained the South Part of England the second all the Western Part now called Wales and the third the Northern parts beyond Trent After the Britans had received the Christian Faith they divided the same into three Provinces or Archbishopricks viz. of London which contained that of Britania Prima of York which contained that of Maxima Caesariensis of Caerlion under which was Britania Secunda But afterwards the Saxons divided it into Seven Kingdoms as aforesaid At present England according to its Respect of Church and State is subject to a fourfold division First into two Provinces or Archbishopricks Canterbury and York and under these are 22 Bishops or Episcopal Diocesses of which Canterbury hath 21 therefore called the Primate and Metropolitan of all England and that of York three Then there are Deanries 60 Arch Deanries Prebendaries and other Dignities 544 with 9725 Parochial Benefices and Vicaridges besides of good Competency for the Encouragement of the Clergy who for ability of Learning are not to be parallel'd in the World. A Catalogue of the Archbishopricks and Bishopricks of England Wales with what Counties are under their Jurisdictions and the Number of Parishes and Impropriations that are in each Diocess Archbishopricks and Bishopricks Countries under each of their Jurisdictions Par. in Dioces Imp. Dioc Canterbury Hath Canterbury and part of Kent besides peculiar in the Diocess of Canterbury 257 140 57 14 York Hath
Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire 581 336 London Essex Middlesex and part of Hartfordshire 623 189 Durham Durham Northumberland and the Isle of Man. 135 87 Winchester Hampshire Surry Isle of Wight Gernsey and Jersey and Alderny 362 131 Bath and Wells Somersetshire 385 160 Oxford Oxfordshire 195 88 Bangor Carnarvanshire Anglesey Merionethshire and part of Denbighshire 107 36 Rochester Part of Kent 98 36 Ely Cambridgshire and part of Ely. 141 75 Chichester Sussex and part of Hartfordshire 250 112 Salisbury Wiltshire and Barkshire 248 109 Worcester Worcestershire part of Warwickshire 241 76 Lincoln Lincoln Leicester Bedford Huntington Buckingham and part of Hartfordshire 1255 577 St. Asaph Part of Flintshire and part of Denbighshire 121 19 St. Davids Pembrokeshire and Carmarthenshire 308 120 Peterborough Northampton and Rutlandshire 293 19 Landaff Glamorganshire Monmouth Brecknock and part of Radnorshire 177 98 Carlile Cumberland and part of Westmerland 93 18 Exeter Devonshire and Cornwall 604 239 Chester Cheshire part of Yorkshire Lancashire part of Flint and part of Cumberland 256 101 Bristol Dorsetshire 236 64 Norwich Norfolk and Suffolk 1121 385 Glocester Glocestershire 267 125 Hereford Herefordshire Shropshire part of Worcestershire and part of Radnorshire 313 166 Lichfield Staffordshire Darbyshire part of Warwickshire part of Shropshire 557 250 The second Division was by King Henry the Second into six Circuits appointed to the Itinerary Judges who are twice in a year in the chief Town of each County in their respective Circuit to determine Causes and administer Justice for the Ease of the People The third is the Military Division for the Raising of Horse and Foot for the Kings Service It is also divided by the Kings Justices in Eyre of the Forest and by the King of Arms into North and South of Trent The last Division is that of Shires or Counties first ordained by King Alford which are subdivided into Hundreds or Wapentakes and those again into Tythings He also appointed a Vice-compt or Sheriff whose Office was to look after the Peace and Welfare of the Shire To Execute the Kings Writs and Precepts and perform several other duties necessary for the Execution of Justice and Welfare of the People And these Sheriffs are generally chosen out of the chiefest of the Gentry King Edward the Third ordained in every Shire certain Civil Magistrates intituled Justices of the Peace whose Duties are to look after the Disorders that arise in the Shire or Hundred in which they reside and to punish Offenders There are in all England 25 Cities 680 Great Towns called Market-Towns 9725 Parishes and in many of which are contained several Hamlets or Villages as big as ordinary Parishes England is blest with a sweet and temperate Air the Cold in Winter being less Sharp than in some parts of France and Italy which yet are seated far more Southernly And the Heat in Summer is less scorching than in some Parts of the Continent that lie much more Northward For as in Summer the Gentle Winds and Frequent Showres qualifie all violent Heats and Droughts so in Winter the Frosts do only meliorate the Cultivated Soil and the Snow keeps warm the tender Plants The whole Country is exceeding Fertile abounding with all sorts of Grain Rich in Pasture containing innumerable quantities of Cattel yielding great plenty of all sorts of Fowl Wild and Tame Its Seas and Rivers infinitely stored with all variety of excellent Fish In its Bowels are found Rich Mines of Lead Tinn Iron Copper and Coal as useful as advantageous to the Nation Nor doth it want Mines of Silver though rare and but in small quantities It hath excellent H t Baths and divers Medicinal Springs It is bravely furnished with Variety of pleasant Orchards and Gardens luxuriant with all sorts of excellent Fruits Plants and Flowers The English are Governed by several Laws viz. Common Law Statute Law Civil Law Canon Law and Martial Law besides particular Customs and By-Laws The Common Law of England is a Collection of the General Common Custom and Usages of the Kingdom which have by length of time and immemorial Prescription obtained the Force of Laws for Customs bind not the people till they have been tried and approved time out of mind These Laws were first reduced all into one body by King Edward the Elder about the year 900 revived by King Edward the Confessor William the Conqueror added some of the Customs of Normandy since which Edward the First did settle divers fundamental Laws ever since practised in this Nation Where the Common Law is silent there we have excellent Statute-Laws made by the several Kings of England by and with the advice and Consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons of England by their Representatives the Knights Citizens and Burgesses duly Elected in Parliament Where Common and Statute-Law take no Cognizance As in matters transacted beyond the Seas and relating to the Admiralty c. Use is made of the Civil Law which ought to be the Product of the Common Reason and Wisdom of all Mankind and fitted for the Interest and Welfare not only of one Nation but taking Care for the general Affairs of all people The Canon-Law is the many ancient General Councils of National and Provincial Synods the divers Decrees and Judgments of the Ancient Fathers c. received by the Church of England by which she proceeds in her Jurisdiction as chiefly for the Reforming of the inward man and matters accounted of a spiritual Nature as Cases Matrimonial Testamentary Scandals Offences against good Manners c. Forest-Laws are for regulating offences committed in or relating unto some Forest or Chase for preservation of the Game c. Martial Law extends only to Soldiers and Mariners and is not to be practised in times of Peace but only in War and then and there where the Kings Army is afoot The Doctrine of the Church of England is Apostolical contained either in Express words of the Holy Scripture or in the 39 Articles and the Book of Homilies in all things agreeable thereunto the Worship and Discipline is in the Liturgy and Book of Canons By all which it will appear to impartial Eyes that the Church of England is the most exact and perfect Pattern of all the Reformed Churches in the World. Let Italy glory in this that she is the Garden of the Earth it may truly be said of England that it is the Court and Presence-Chamber of the Great Jehovah which should engage us the more by Holy Lives to walk suitable to such Mercies and not to forfeit those inestimable Priviledges by our crying sins for how can we expect that God should always continue so Gracious to us if we continually turn his Grace into Wantonness England is a Free Hereditary Paternal Monarchy Governed by one Supream Independent and Undeposeable Head according to the known Laws and Customs of the Kingdom A Monarchy that without Interruption hath been continued 1000 years in a word a Government of a perfect and
the Leuearum of Ant. Pembroke the chief Shire-Town seated on Milferd Haven so large and capacious that it may safely contain a 1000 sail of Ships over which it hath two fair Bridges a place of good strength fortified with a Wall and a strong Castle seated on a Rock St. Davids Menevia Fanum Davidis once a City of good account now only notable in that it is a Bishops See and a fair Cathedral Haverfordwest is the Town where the Assizes are kept Tenby is seated upon a Rock having a commodious Road for Ships Fishgard is the Abergwaine of the Welsh The Description of SCOTLAND SCOTIAE Nova Descriptiō per. Robert Morden SCOTLAND is separated from England by the Rivers Tweed and Solway and the Cheviot Hills The Ancient Inhabitants were the Britains divided by Ptolomy into many lesser Names by Dion and Xiphilinus into two only general viz. the Calidonii and Meatae Afterwards called the Picts towards the wain of the Roman Empire from their Paintings and for their better distinction from the civil and clothed Britains distinguished by Am. Marcellinus into the Picts Ducalidoniae and the Vecturiones The Scots a Colony of the bordering Irish intruding amongst and conquering the Picts or Britains all other Names worn out the whole are now accounted Scots The Length of Scotland I find set down by Heylin to be 480 Miles but the breadth in no place more than 60 Miles the truth of which will appear if you consider the Latitude of Solway-Frith near Carlisle the most Southern part of Scotland and Straitsby-head the most Northern you will find the greatest length can be but 260 English Miles and the breadth in the broadest place more than 160 Miles as you will easily see by the Map. Scotland according to its Situation may be divided by the River Tay into two parts viz. North and South commonly distinguished by the Names of Highland and Lowland The first was the Ancient Kingdom of the Scots The other the Old Habitation of the Picts The People of the former are by Nature and Disposition rude and uncivil The Inhabitants of the latter in Disposition Civility Language and Habit are much resembling the English and are thought to be Descended of the Saxons On the West part of Scotland are many Woods Mountains and Lakes Towards the East it is more Fruitful in Corn especially Barley and Oats Their Fruits are not very Excellent nor plentiful but they have abundance of Fish and Fowl not much Cattel nor big Their chief Commodities are Coarse Clothes Freezes Fish Lead Oar Feathers Allows Iron Salt-petre Linnen cloth Train-Oyl some Hides and Tallow The Kingdom of Scotland consists of the Nobility Gentry and Commons These with the Lords Spiritual Assemble together in Parliament when called by Writ from the King of Great Britain who by Reason of his Residence in England constituteth and appoints a Vice-Roy to Act under him at the said Session of Parliament called Lord Commissioner who at present is William Duke of Queensbury As to their Courts of Judicature they have several the Chief is the Session or Colledg of Justice consisting of a President fourteen Senators seven of the Clergy and as many of the Laisy whereunto is now added the Chancellor who is chief and four Lords of the Nobility besides as many Advocates and Clerks as the Senators see convenient These sit and administer Justice every day from nine to twelve except Sundays and Mondays from the first of November to Christmas-Eve and from the first of January to the last of February and from Trinity-Sunday to the first day of August But now by Act of Parliament the Summer-Sessions are taken away and instead thereof they are to be kept in March. This Court is of great state and order the Clerks write all the Material heads that are pleaded at the Bar. And after the parties are removed the Senators consider the Arguments and give sentence and the major part carries it Their final Sentence or Decrees determines all business there being no appeal only to the Parliament who may receive and repeal their decisive sentence The next supream Court is the Justice-Court where all Criminals are tried it consists of a Lord Justice General and of a Lord Justice Clark who is his assistant This Order was changed Anno 1669 and by Act of Parliament four Judges were appointed to sit in this Court with the Lord Justice General c. The Jury is made up of fifteen the major part determines the matter Besides this Court there are in every Shire or County Inferior Civil Judicatories or Courts kept wherein the Sheriff of the Shire or his Deputy decideth Controversies and Law-Suits but from these there are Appeals to the Sessions or Higher Court of Equity There are likewise Judicatories called Commissarials for Ecclesiastical Affairs The Shires of Scotland are viz. Edinburg Barwick Peeblis Selkirk Roxburg Dumfreis Wightown Air Renfrew Lanrick or Lanock Dumbritton or Dunbarton Boot Inner Ara Perth Striveling or Sterling Linlithgow Clackmanan Kinros Couper Fife Forfar Kinkardin Marrischals Aberdeen Bamf Errols Elgin Nairn Innerness Ross Cromarty Tayn Dornock Weik Orkney The Constabulary of Haddington The Stewartries of Strath-yern Monteith Annannaile Kirkubright The Baileries of Kyle Carriek Cunningham Scotland is also divided into several Counties or Parts Lothien Merch Teifidal or Tiviotdale Eskdale Easkdale Liddesdale Annandale Nithisdale Galloway Carrick Kyle Cunningham Clidesdale Lennox Striveling or Sterling Mentieth Fife Strathern Argile Lorn Cantire Arran Albany or Braid Albin Perth Athol Anguis Mernis Buquihan or Buchan Marr Marray Lochabyr Rosse Southerland Strathnavern Cathnes The Government whereof is divided into two Arch-Bishopricks Saint Andrews and Glasco under whom are several Suffragan Bishops It s chief places are 1. Edinburgh the Metropolitan City of this Kingdom Situate in a high and wholsome Air and a Fertil Soil consisting chiefly of one Street about a Mile in length out of which runs many smaller Lanes and Streets 'T is strongly begirt with a Wall and Fortified by a fair and strong Castle seated on the top of a Rock a place Adorned with many fair Edifices Dignified with the Courts of Judicature High Court of Parliament and a University 2. St. Andrews of Old Fanum Reguli hath a fair Prospect towards the Sea near the fall of the Ethan Fortified with a fair and strong Castle Dignified with an Archbishops See. 3. Glasco pleasantly seated on the River Cluyd over which it hath a fair Bridge A place of good Account Dignified with an Arch-Bishops See and a University Glasquum Script Scot. 4. Sterling a place of good strength and Fortified with a strong Castle Strivilingum vel Strevelinum seu Sterlinga 5. Dunbritton a place of great strength having the strongest Castle in all Scotland both by Nature and Art. Castrum Britonum 6. Falkland pleasantly seated for Hunting 7. Perth or St. Johns Town a place of good Account pleasantly seated at the Mouth of the River Tay between two Greens 8. Aberdeen
their first and more wonted name of Irish The first Onset it received by way of Invasion was by the Saxon Monarchs who made themselves Masters of some places but could not long continue in possession of them The next that in Hostile manner Visited it were the Northern Nations Danes Swedes and Normans who scowring along the Sea-coasts by way of Piracy and afterwards finding the weakness of the Island made an Absolute Conquest of it under the Conduct of one Tungâ—sus but were soon routed out by the Policy of the King of Meath After this the petty Princes enjoyed their former Dominions till the Year 1172 at what time the King of Leinster having forced the Wife of the King of Meath was driven by him out of this Kingdom who applying himself to Henry the Second of England for uccour received Aid under the Leading of Richard de Clare Sirnamed Strongbow Earl of Pembroke by whose good Success and the Kings presence the pâ—tty Kings or great Lords submitted themselves promising to pay him Tribute and acknowledg him their Chief and Sovereign Lord. But as the Conquest was but slight and superficial so the Irish submissions were but weak and fickle Assurances to hold in Obedience so considerable a Kingdom though the Charter was confirmed by Pope Hadrian So that it was not till the latter end of Queen Elizabeth's Reign that the same was wholly subjugated and the Foundation laid of a lasting Peace with Ireland which soon after was very far proceeded in by King James and fully perfected according to all Humane appearance by our Gracious Sovereign King Charles the Second So that now Ireland is a Flourishing Island Civil in its self and a good additional strength to the British Empire Ireland called by the Latins Hibernia by the Greeks Irnia by Pomponius and Sâ—linus called Juverna by Ptolomy Juernia by Orpheus Aristotle Strabâ— Stephanus and Claudianus Jerna by Eustathius Vernia by Diodorus Irim by the Welsh Yverdhon by the Inhabitants Eryn Irlandt Germanis Irlanda Italis Irlande Gallis Is in length 300 and in breadth 130 miles about half as big as England and was Anciently Divided into five Provinces each one a Kingdom in its self viz. 1. Leinster 2. Meath 3. Vlster 4. Connaught And 5. Munster But now the Province of Meath is reckoned for a Member or part of Leinster These four Provinces compose that Kingdom as beautiful and sweet a Country as any under Heaven being stored with many goodly Rivers Replenished with abundance of all sorts of Fish sprinkled with brave Islands and goodly Lakes adorned with goodly Woods full of very good Forts and Havens The Soil most Fertile and the Heavens most mild and temperate but not so clear and subtil as the Air in England and therefore not so favourable for the Ripening of Corn and Fruits as to the Grass for all kind of Cattel And in the Winter more subject to Wind Clouds and Rain than Snow or Frost It is an Island of great strength as well by Nature as Art by reason of its Situation in such dangerous Seas and the several Fortificaons and Castles that the English have built since they were Masters of it It s chief Rivers are the spacious Shannon the rolling Liffie the sandy Slany the pleasant Boyne the Fishy Banne swift Awiduffe or Blackwater sad Trowis wide Mayre now Bantry Bay the Woody Barrow the spreading Lee the Baleful Oure or Shoure Besides these Rivers there are several Lakes of which Lough Erne is the greatest being about 30 miles in length and 15 in breadth and this as all other of its Lakes are well stored with Fish The Irish have had the Character of being Religious by which perhaps some understand Superstitious Amorous Patient of Labour Excellent Horsemen and the meaner sort extreamly Barbarous till Civilized by the Neighbourhood and intermixture of the English yet still the wild Irish retain several of their absurd and ridiculous Customs accounting ease and idleness their greatest liberty and riches The Ecclesiastical Government of Ireland is committed to the care of four Arch-Bishops under whom are 19 Suffragan-Bishops The Temporal Government is now by one Supreme Officer sent over by the King of England who is called the Lord Lieutenant or Lord Deputy of Ireland who for Majesty State and Power is not inferiour to any Vice-Roy in Europe The present Lord Deputy is the Earl of Tyrconnel Their Laws are correspondent with those of England and they have their several Courts of Justice as Chancery Common-Pleas Kings-Bench Exchequer Courts of Parliament and Justices of the Peace in every County The Commodities of this Island are Cattel Hides Tallow Butter Cheese Honey Wax Furs Salt Hemp Linnen Cloth Pipe-staves VVool of which they make Cloth and several Manufactures as Freezes Ruggs Mantles c. Its Seas yield great plenty of C d-fish Herrings Pilchers and other Fish The Bowels of the Earth afford Mines of Lead Tin and Iron The Province of Leinster by the Natives called Leighingh contains the Counties of Kilkenny Caterlough Queens-County Kings-County Kildare East-Meath VVest-Meath VVestford VVicklo and Dublin in which are comprehended 926 Parishes whereof 47 are Towns of Note 102 Castles well Fortified by the English Vlster being the largest Province of all Ireland called by the Irish Cui Guilly is divided into the Counties of 1. Lough 2. Cavan 3. Fermanagh 4. Down 5. Monaghan 6. Armagh 7. Colvane 8. Dunnaâ—l or Tyrcâ—nnel 9. Tir-Oen And 10. Antrim In which are comprehended 214 Parishes whereof 14 are Towns of Note for Commerce and Traffique and 30 Castles for defence of the Country Connaught by the Irish Conaughly is divided into these five Shires or Counties 1. Iâ—trim 2. Roscommon 3. Majo 4. Mego 5. Galloway 6. Thomond or Clare-Country in which are comprehended but eight Towns of any consequence for Commerce and Traffique and a-about 24 Cas les of old Erection besides Fortresses as have been raised in its later Troubles the whole contains 366 Parishes Munster is now distinguished into the Counties of 1. Limâ—rick 2. Kery 3. Cork 4. VVaterford 5. Tipperary And in these Counties are comprehended 24 Towns of Note and Trading 66 Castles of old Erection including in the whole 80 Parishes It s chief places are 1. Dublin a City Rich and Populous as being the Metropolis of all the Island the Seat of the Lord-Deputy an Arch-Bishops See and an University Adorned with many fair Buildings viz. the Castle the Cathedral the Church the Arch-Bishops Palace the Collegiate Church called Christ-Church the Town-Hall the Colledg c. 2. VVaterford the chief City of Munster on the River Shoâ—r a well Traded Port a Bishops See and the second City of the Kingdom endowed with many ample Priviledges Being safe and commodiously seated for the Use of Shipping for though a good distance from the Sea yet Ships of the greatest Burthen may safely Sail to and ride at Anchor before the Key and also for the conveniency of sending Commodities in smaller Vessels to several Towns in
the adjacent Countries 3. Galloway the principal City of the Province of Connaught a Bishops ee and the third City of Ireland for Beauty Bigness and Strength Situate near the Fall of the great Lake or River Corbles in the Western Ocean a noted Emporie well Inhabited and of a good Trade by reason of its commodious Haven or Road for Ships 4. Limrick the second Principal of the Province of Munster and the fourth in Estimation of all Ir land Situate in an Island compassed about with the River Shannon well Fortified with a strong Castle a Bishops See and well frequented distant from the Main Ocean about 60 miles yet the River so large and Navigable that Ships of Burthen come up close to the very Wall. Beautified with a Cathedral Church and a fair Stone-Bridg 5. Kingsale upon the Mouth of the River Bany a Commodious Port being the only s fe and ready Port in all Ireland for our English Ships and others to Victual at and Refresh themselves when Bound for and returning from the West-Indies and other parts of the VVorld 6. Cork a Bishops See well Walled and fitted with a commodious Haven Inhabited by a W althy and Industrious People generally English the Shire-Town and the only Through-fare of all English Goods and Commodities s nt this way most commonly out of England for the two Remarkable Towns of â—imrick and Galloway Armagh Dublin Cassil and Tuam are the four Arch-Bishopricks VVicklow seated on the Sea whose Castle is a strong Rock Newcastle is guarded by its Sands Trim on the River Boyne Longford is the title of an Earldom Kildare a Bishops See much celebrated in the Infancy of the Irish Church for the Holy Virgin St. Brigid VVexford the Menapa of Ptol. seated at the mouth of the River Slane is a fair Town and a good Haven Inish Corthy is a Borough and Town Corporate Kilk nny on the Nure is a fair and wealthy Town and honoured with the See of the Bishop of Ossery London-Derry is a fair and well built Town Dunagan gives its name to the County St. Patricks Purgatory is a Vault or narrow Cave in the ground of which strange stories are reported by the Irish Cloghar dignified with the See of a Bishop Dungannon the ancient residence of the O-neals Antrim gives name to the County Knock-fergus or Carikfergus seated on a large Bay the Vinderius of Ptolomy not far from which once stood the famous Monastry of Magio so much commended by Bede Down and Conner are dignified with an Episcopal See. Tredath or Droghdagh with its good Haven is a well frequented Town Carlingfort is a well frequented Port-Town Owen Maugh the ancient Seat of the Kings of Vlster is near to Armagh the Arch-Bishoprick and Primate of all Ireland Craven is seated on the Lake Cane Kilmore on the Lake Navity Belturbet and Inish Killing on the Lake Earne Clare giveth Title to an Earldom Kylaloe is dignified with an Episcopal See near the Lake Derg on the Shannon Roscommon not far from Loegh Ree Elphen is honoured with the See of a Bishop Athlone on the Lake Ree under the Curlew Hills is defended by a Castle and beautified with a Stone-Bridge Letrim seated in a fertile soil near the L. Alyne Cassile is an Arch-Bishoprick by Eugenius the third Bishoâ— of Rome Holy Cross on the River Shoure once a place much frequented by Pilgrims The North part of Tipperary beareth the Name of Ormond and is Honoured in giving Title to James Butler Duke Marquess and Earl of Ormond Earl of Brecknock and Ossery c. Dingle hath a commodious Port. Ardfart or Ardart is a Bishops See. Yoghil on the River Broadwater is well fortified and hath a good Haven as also is Dungannon Of Denmark DENMARK by Robt. Morden at the Atlas in Cornhil LONDON DENMARK is a Monarchy which in former times was very formidable both to France and England and tho the English for many years have minded no other Interest in this Country but that of the Baltick and North Trade yet since these two Crowns are now come to a closer Union it may be worth our while to look back and consider the State of that Monarchy wherein the English hath so great an Interest by the late Marriage of George Prince of Denmark with the Princess Ann. Concerning the Original of the Dane we read not in any of the more ancient Greek and Latin Authors excepting Jornandes and Venantius Fortunatus who yet but slightly mention them In the French and English Histories they are often remembred first in the reign of Theodorick King of Austrasia about the year 516 under their King Cochliarius foraging upon the Sea-coast of Gaul-Belgick slain in their return by Theodebert Son to Theoderick After this in the reign of Charles the Great under their Prince Gotricus or Godfrey then warring upon the Obertriti the Inhabitants about Rostock teste Krantzio and Invading Freisland with a Fleet of 200 Sail threatning the Neighbouring Saxons with Subjection and much endangering the Empire of the French if the death of Godfrey and the Quarrels about Succession had not prevented Afterwards their mention is very frequent and famous during the race of the French Kings of the Caroline Line and of the Monarchy of the English Saxons with sundry Fleets and Armies unresistible invading France and England conquering and subduing the English Saxon Nation and giving the Name of Normandy to part of France for by that common Name of Normans the Danes as well as the Norweeis and Swethes were then called The word Dane Saxo Gramaticus Krantzius and others fabulously derived from one Dan a King hereof about the year of the World 2898. Becanus from Henen or Denen signifying a Cock in the Danish Language the Arms of the Alani their Progenitors But how they got thither is very uncertain Andreas Velleius in Cambden from the Dahi a people of Asia and Marck signifying a border Ethelwardus from Donia a Town sometimes since seated herein Montanus from Aha signifying water in regard of the Situation of the Country The more Judicious fetch their Name from the Bay or Strait of the Sea called by Mela Sinus Codanus about which Strait and in the Islands adjacent these people since their first being known have to this day inhabited From this Name hath the Country been called Denmark A Nation famous a long time for Arms and their many and great Victories atchieved abroad Themselves never conquered by foreign power Lords sometimes of England and Swethland Yet such is the Vicissitude of Kingdoms that Denmark was in the compass of four years viz. 1657 58 59 and 1660 almost conquered by the Swedes the History of which Wars are well written by Sir Roger Manley there you will find the King of Sweden fighting with a wonderful resolution and continued Successes the King of Denmark with an undaunted and indefatigable courage endeavours to check his Career till by the Mediation of the Dutch and English the Treaty of Roschilt in
the loss of Martial Guebriant 1643 for being a Retreat to the Cimbri when beaten by the Romans Wimpsel or Winfelun signifying Weibspris for the unheard cruelties of the Huns upon that Sex. Here Fortune triumphed over Valour and Magnus Duke of Wirtemburg died in the Battel 1622. Lastly to name no more Guemund Gaudia mundi noted for its Turnaments and otherdastimes Of BAVARIA THE Circle of Bavaria Bayern incolis Baviere Gallis Baviera Hisp Italis Olim Boioaria Vindilicia is divided into the Dutchy and Palatinate The Dukedom is divided into three parts the Higher the Lower and the Bishoprick of Saltzbourg a district and distinct Jurisdiction of it self The Higher Bavaria is generally overspread with Woods cold and barren The Lower somewhat more fruitful and abundantly more pleasant In the Upper Bavaria chief places are Munchen Monachium or Munick upon the River Iser the Residence of the Dukes of Bavaria and one of the fairest Palaces in Europe enjoying a most sweet and happy Situation among the Woods Gardens and Rivers famous also for its seizure by the King of Sweden who found a vast Treasury herein In the Lower Bavaria are 1. Ingolstat Ingolstadium a noted University founded in the year 1471 and is famous for putting the first Affront upon the King of Sweden in Germany and forced him to raise the Siege by Lewis Duke of Bavaria 2. Regensperg or Regensbergh Ratisbona famous for the Diets held there and for its long Bridg a fair and large City beautified with a great number of Churches Chappels and other places dedicated to Religious uses 'T is a Bishops See and Town Imperial 3. Passaw Patavium Boiodurum Ptol. Ant. and Batava of the Author of the Notitia then a Garison-Town of the Romans the station of the Cohort of the Batavians now a Bishops See seated at the meetings of the Rivers Danube Inn and Ills and divided into three Towns Passaw Instat and Ilstat Donavert was a Free City till the year 1607 at what time it incurred the Imperial Ban or Proscription which was executed by the Duke of Bavaria who brought it into Subjection and holds it still under his Laws Confined withâ—n the Dukedom of Bavaria lies the Archbishoprick of Saltzburg of a dry Rocky and barren Soil some fresher Vallies excepted rich chiefly in Minerals The only Town of Note is Saltzburg Salisburgum al. Juvaria of Ant. Castrum Juvaviensi of the Notitia the Mansion then and fixed Residence of part of a Cohort of Roman Soldiers now an Archbishops See whose Revenues are the largest in all Germany seated upon the River Saltzach where lies Interred the Body of Paracelsus The Country of the Upper Palatinate or Nortgow from the more Northern Situation of it as to the Dukedom is a Country rough and hilly rich chiefly in Minerals of Iron Amberg Amberga Cantiaebis Ptol. teste P. App. upon the River Ills enriched chiefly by the Commodity of Iron digged out of the Neighbouring Hills The Castle of Luchtemburg mounted upon a Hill gives Name to the Lantgraves so called Newburg upon the Swartzach is the place whereof are stiled the Princes Palatine of Newburg The second Branch of the House of the Elector of the Rhine to whom this Palatinate did belong but in the year 1623 the Emperor Ferdinand the Second transferred this Palatinate with the Electoral Dignity from Frederick the Fifth Count Palatine to Maximilian Duke of Bavaria and the Munster-Treaty conferred to Bavaria the first Electorship and an eight place was new erected for Charles Lewis of the Rhine provided that if the Gulielmine Branch happen to fail before the Rodolphine the latter shall re-enter into their ancient Electorship and the new created one shall be wholly abolished The only Arch-Dutchy in Europe is Austria or Oost-reich divided into the Upper and Lower Austria and hath united to it as Hereditary possession of that House the Provinces or Dukedoms of Stiria Carinthia Carniola the County of Tirol with that of Chilly and Marquisate of Windish-Marck Of AVSTRIA THE particular Dukedom of Austria extended on both sides of the Danube is a Country pleasant healthy and abundantly fruitful in Corn and excellent Wines It s chief Cities and Places are 1. Vienna Juliobona Ptol. Vendum Strab. Vindibona Ant. Vnidomana of the Author of Notitia Ala Flaviana Fabiana Heyl. Wien Ger. Wetsch Petz Turcis Berch teste Brown. Viena Italis Wiedun Polonis Widen Bohemii Vienne Gallis the Metropolis of Germany seated upon the South-side of the Danube the greatest River in Europe In Circuit about 5000 Geometrical paces It is Famous for her University for four great Piazza's adorned with Marble Fountains and Statues for its Cathedral of St. Stephen whose Steeple is about 465 foot high consisting of hewen stone and carved into various Figures of Men Birds and Beasts the Emperor's Treasury the Arch-Dukes Gallery the Treasury of the Church and the Sepulchre of Otho The Arsenal the College of the Jesuits the Church and Convent of the Benedictines of the Dominicans and of the Franciscans are worthy of Remarque Within the City there was also the Hochbrug or High Bridg which is made by the crossing of two Streets at equal Angles the ground of one Street being as high as the tops of the Houses of the other so that to continue it they were forced to build a Bridg or Arch in the lower Street to pass over In the Suburbs the greatest Curiosities were the Favorith or the Empresses Garden that of the Bishop and of the Earl of Thaun of the Prince of Ausburg and others the Church and Monastry of the Carmelites of the Augustines the Hermitage of the Capuchins and the Spanish Monastry Remarkable also for plenty of Wine of Craw-fish and Sallets in Winter 'T is likewise accounted the Bulwark of this Country against the Turks being as strong as well Fortified built with part of the Money obtained for the Ransome of Richard the First King of England taken Prisoner in his return from Palestine by Leopold the fifth Duke of Austria Famous for the Repulse it gave Solyman and the whole power of the Turkish Empire when of 200000 Men he brought before it he carried away but 118000 Anno 1529. And as Famous for this last Repulse of September the 12th 1683 for being closely besieged by the Prime Vizier with 200000 Turks Tartars Cossacks and Hungarian Malecontents on the 12th of July 1683 and as valorously defended by that Magnanimous Hero Ernestus Rudiger Count Starenbergh as Governour was then manfully relieved by the Invincible Prince John King of Poland the Electors of Bavaria and Saxony the Duke of Lorrain Prince Waldeck P. Salme P. Louis of Baden and the Marquis of Brandenburgh Baraith c. During this Siege the Turks were said to have lost 70000 and in the Battel more then 20000 men that the Christians lost 10000 or 15000 during the Siege and about 3 or 400 on that great and Signal Victory when the Turks formidable Army was totally
Brennoburgum a Bishops See and the first Seat of the Marquisses giving Name to the Country The Metropolis of the New is Francfurt Francofurtum ad Oderam a University 1506 enjoying a pleasant Situation among Corn-fields and Viney-downs so that Ceres and Bacchus seems both enamoured of it Berlin Berlinum seated in the midst of the Province is the place of the Prince Electors Residence Costrinum Costriin Custrin Kustrin is a very strong Fortress said never yet taken Havelburg is the Seat of a Bishop Besides this Marquisate whereunto the Electoral Dignity is annexed there belongs to this Prince the Dutchy of Prussia in Poland The Dutchy or moiety of Pomerania The Reversion of the Dutchy of Magdeburg The Dutchy of Cleves and Earldom of Mark The Principalities of Halberstat in Brunswick and Minden in Westphalia which he had in lieu of his Resignation of the Higher Pomerania to the Swede The Dutchy of Crossen and Lordship of Pregnitz in Silesia The Jurisdiction of Cotbuss or Cotwis and other Towns in Lusatia or Laussnitz The Branches of this Family are the Marquisses of Cutembach and Onspach Of Pomerania or Pomeren POmerania lies extended all along the shore of the Baltick Sea divided into the Upper and Lower Pomeren now Royal and Ducal Pomerania the first belonging to the Swedes the latter to the Elector of Brandenburg A Country plain populous and abundantly fruitful in Corn Pasturages Honey Butter Wax and Flax. Chief Places in Pomerania Royal are Stettin Stetinum memorable for its brave Siege and as brave defence in the year 1676. when taken from the Swedes since restored again 2. Wollin when Julinum a flourishing Emporium Anno 1170. sacked by Waldemarus King of Denmark 3. Gripswald a noted University 4. Wolgast over against the Isle Vsedom 5. Straelsundt alias Sundis a well Traded Empory over against the Isle Rugen Chief Places in Ducal Pomeran are Camin a Bishops See over against the Isle Wollin Colberg at the mouth of the River Persandt Coslin upon the River Radnie Newgâ—rten upon the Hamersbeck Stargard upon the Ina. Rugenwal upon the Wipper are all considerable Towns. This shall suffice for the Higher Saxony or the Eighth Circle of the Empire come we next to that of the Lower Saxony which contains Of the Dutchy of Mecklenburg MEckelburgiensis sive Megalopolitani Ducatus lies next to Pomerania along the Coast of the Baltick Sea of a fruitful Soil and rich in Corn. The Princes or Dukes whereof are now divided into two Branches the chiefs whereof make their Residence at Suevin or Schwerin and at Gusteen or Gustrow and have now each of them a moiety of the Dutchy and are said to be derived from the Vandal Princes However in the late German Wars the Emperor made these Princes feel the weight of his indignation giving their Lands to Wallestein a Silesian Gentleman a great Captain indeed and renowned Soldier who by a strange Ingratitude and Devilish ambition came to a miserable end the Duke of Biron and the Earl of Essex had such like designs and as Tragical Catastrophies Nevertheless they reentred into it by the Arms of the Great Gustavus their Cousin-German 1631. And tho Munster-Treaty took Wismar yet gave them in Exchange the Bishopricks of Ratzeburg and Suerin turned into Principalities Other chief places are Wismar Wismaria a Hans-Town and noted Port upon the Baltick founded out of the Ruins of the great and ancient City of Mecklenburg or Megalopolis Anno 1240. taken by the Elector of Brandenburg 1676 from the Swedes but restored again 2. Rostock Rosarum Vrbs Rhodopolis a Hans-City noted Port large rich and well Traded a University founded Anno 1415. Come we next in course to Holstein which is under the Homage and right of the Empire but being in possession of the House of Denmark we shall refer its Description to that Kingdom and speak of the Dutchies of Brunswick and Lunenburg Of the Dutchies of Brunswick and Lunenburg THIS was a part of the ancient Dukedom of Saxony till the Proscription of Henry Sirnamed the Lion by the Emperor Frederick Barbarosa but by the Mediation of Henry the Second King of England his Father-in-law being reconciled unto the Emperor had the Cities of Brunswick and Lunenburg with their Countries restored unto him afterwards erected into a Dukedom by the Emperor Frederick the Second whose posterity enjoyed these Dukedoms jointly till the year 1430. when they were divided between William the Victorious who had the Title of Brunswick and his Uncle Bernard who had the Title of Lunenburg and in their posterity both these Dutchies do still continue Of Brunswick al. Brunswigensis Appiano The South and East parts towards Hessen c. swell with Woody Mountains and Hills parts of the ancient Hercinian the Northern part more plain and fruitful in Corn and other Commodities Chief Places are Brunswiick al. Braunswyck Brunsviga the Tulisurgiam of Ptol. teste Appiano upon the River Oacer and one of the chief Hans-Towns containing about seven miles in compass fair populous and strongly fortified with a double Wall peopled with industrious Inhabitants jealous of their Liberty Governed in manner of a Free Estate held under the right of the Princes It s chief Trade is in Hides and Mum. 2. Goslar Gâ—slaria a Town Imperial 3. Wolfenbuttel a very strong Castle and the Residence of the Dukes of Brunswiick where is a famous Library within these Territories were also included the Principality of Halberstat now under the Elector of Brandenburg and the Bishoprick of Hildersheim the Abbey Quedelnburg whose Abbatess was sometimes Princess of the Empire now subject to the House of Saxony Hannover is the Seat and Title of another Branch of the Dukes of Brunswick whose Duke is a Catholick in whose Territories are Calemburg Grubenhagen Gottingen and Hamelen where the Inhabitants keep the Records of the famous Piper who in 1284. drew the Boys of the Town into a Cave who were never after heard of Lunaeburgensis Ducatus Hertzogthumb Lunenbourg incolis Dutche de Lunebourg Gallis The Country is plain the Air sharp and healthful and the Soil fruitful The chief Town is Lunenburg Lunaeburgum upon the River Vlme now one of the Six Hans-Towns large populous and adorned with fair Buildings whose chief Trade is in Salt. Cell or Zell is the Residence of the Dukes Of Bremen Episcopatus Bremensis THIS Diocess or Arch-Bishoprick of Bremen is a Country whose extreme parts along the Elbe and Weser are very fertile for Corn and Pasturages the more inner parts wild and barren Bremen an Arch-Bishops Sea gives name to the Country it is seated upon the right side of the Weser large populous rich and well Traded and strongly fenced and is famous for its Art of dressing Leather and Cloth and for their Fish Stada Stadt a noted Hans-Town accounted the most ancient in Saxony and once the Staple of the English Merchant-Adventurers now the place where the Ships pay Tole strongly fortified Bremersforde a Castle and Village where the Arch-Bishop
resides Charlsstat is a strong Fort built by the Swedes near the mouth of the River Weser This Country with the Principality of Ferden in Westphalia now belongs to the Swedes by the Treaty of Munster Of Lawenburg THIS Dutchy gives Name to the Princes of Saxon Lawenburg who are Branches of the same House with the Princes of Anhalt It s chief place is Lawenburg or Laubenburg upon the Elb a fine Town but the Castle is ruined and the Duke lives at Ratzeburg though he hath nothing there but the Castle the Town belonging as was said to the Duke of Mecklenburg Of Magdeburg Ditio Magdeburgensis THIS Diocess lies extended on both sides of the Elb betwixt Brandenburg and the proper Saxony The chief Town is Magdenburg Magdenburg incolis Magdburg al. Magdeburg antiquis monumentis Pathenopolis Mesuium Ptol. testis Appiano A Burgraveship of the Empire and Arch-Bishops See giving name to the Country Reedified by Editha Wise unto the Emperor Henry the First and Daughter to Edmund King of England and thus named in Honour of her Sex. Her Effigies in stone is in the Cathedral Church with 19 Tuns of Gold which she gave thereunto though others say it was from the Worship of the Virgin Diana A place of great state large and fair and strongly fortified once the Metropolitan City of Germany famous in the Protestant Wars for a whole years years Siege against the Emperor Charles the Fifth But sacked and burnt by Tilly and 36000 persons put to the Sword and destroyed 1631. and the Town almost ruined 'T was also famous for the first Turnament which was in Germany which was performed here in the year 637. by the Emperor Henry Sirnamed the Fowler These are the chief parts of the Lower Saxony and contain the ninth Circle of the Empire Of BOHEMIA BOiemum Tac. Beiohemum Paterc Bomi Ptol. Boheim Germ. Boheme Galliâ— Boemia Hispanis Bohemia Italis Czeskazem incolis teste Brieto This Kingdom is environed about with Mountains and Forests as it were with Fortifications The Air sharp and piercing the Country rough and hilly rich in Minerals and yielding sufficient plenty of Corn and other necessary Provisions Wine excepted First inhabited by some of the Germans who were dispossessed by the Boii who gave Name unto the Country The Boii were routed by the Marcomanni a people of Germany And these were also ejected by the Sclaves under Zechus Brother unto Lechus the Founder of the Polish Monarchy about the year 649. called in their own Country-language Czechi but named from the Country they seized upon Boiohaemi upon their first arrival This people were Governed by Dukes until about the year 1086. when Vratislaus or Vladislaus was created the first King of Bohemia in a Diet at Mentz by the Emperor Henry the Fourth about the year 1199. Power was given to the States to chuse their Princes before being Elected by the Grace of the Emperors since which time the Kingdom continued Elective though most commonly enjoyed by the next of blood until the Royal Line being extinct the Kingdom was devolved upon the House of Austria Chief Places are Praga Italis Prag incolis Prague Gallis Marobudum Ptol. teste Sans Briet the Capital and Royal City of the Kingdom of Bohemia seated upon the River Muldaw by the Bohemians Vltave it consisteth of three Towns the Old the New and the Lesser 'T is an Arch-Bishoprick and University where in the year 1409. were reckoned above 40000 Students under the Rectorship of John Hus. The greatest remarks are the Emperors Palace and Summer-house A fair Cathedral Church built 923. The Palace and Garden of Colaredo The Palace of Count Wallestein Duke of Freidland The Bridg being 1700 Foot long and 35 foot broad with two Gates under two High Towers of Stone at each end Near Prague that deciding Battel was fought Novemb. 8. 1620 between Frederick Prince Palatine of the Rhine Elected King of Bohemia and the Emperor Ferdinand the Second where the Victory fell unto the Imperialists Prague forced to yield and King Frederick and his Queen forced to fly into Silesia Teutchin Broda by the River Saczua a strong place when taken by Zisca who then forced the Emperor Sigismund to fly out of Bohemia Janikaw where was fought that famous Battel of Febr. 24. 1643. between Torstenson and the Imperialists the success gave the Swedes the advantage of proceeding further Czaslaw is the place where Zisca was buried that famous Bohemian General who fought when he was blind and when dead wished his friends to make a Drum of his Skin Guttenburg or Cottenburg is famous for its Silver Mines Egra is a strong City accounted the second of Bohemia and chief Magazine of the Country The Mountains of the Giants in Bohemia called Riphaei or Cerconossi are famous for three things for their Signification and Prognosticks of all Tempests for the rarity of Plants Stones and Gems there growing and for a Spectrum called Ribenzal which is said to walk about those Mountains in the form of a Huntsman Anselmus de Boot tells us that Rudolphus the second King of Bohemia had a Table of Jewels which he calls the Eighth Wonder of the World it was wrought with uch Art that the Jewels which were set together with invisible joints presented a most pleasant Landskip naturally representing Woods Rivers Flowers Clouds Animals c. the like not to be found in the World. The Waters of Carolina al. Karsbad found out Anno 1370. in the time of Charles the Fourth will in a Nights time turn Wood into a stony crust That the Loadstones of Bohemia will give the point of the World but not draw Iron and that a Needle touched with one of those Stones never points directly North but decline eight or more degrees to the last That Mummies as good as any in Egypt have been found in Bohemia a whole man of Myrrh Amber Bones of Giants and Unicorns horns are dig'd out of the Mountains See the Hlstory of Bohemia Bohuslao Balbino Soc. Jes in fol. Prag 1679. Other chief Towns are Pilsen large and Walled Tabor upon the River Lauznitz Koningsgratz Ger. Hradium Reginae Kralowikradetz Boh. Kuttenburg Ger. Kutnahora Boh. Budereiss Ger. al. Budeiowice Boh. Leitmeritz Ger. al. Litomierzitze Boh. To these we may add the County of Glatz upon the Borders of Silesia Of Moravia Marherin or Mahren IS a Country lying open only towards Austria and the South upon the other sides environed with Mountains and Forests plain within and exceedingly populous pleasant and fruitful for Corn Wine and Pasturage The Air somewhat unhealthy being debarred from the cleansing East and Northern Winds Once a Kingdom now a Marquisate subject to the Bohemians an Appendant of that State since Anno 1417. when Sigismund the Emperor gave it to Albertus King of Bohemia Chief Places are Olmutz or Olmuntz Germ. Olmuez Olomucium Olomuncium Latino Holemane Boh. the Eburum of Ptol. teste Pyram Appiano rather Barouua teste Laz. A University seated
into three Parts 1. Lega Della Casa Dio or Foedus Domus Dei. 2. Lega Grisa 3. Dicci Dritture or Foedus decem Jurisdictionum Sion Ital. Sitten Ger. Sedunum Caes Plin. is the chief Town of Valesiae or Wallislands reaching along the Course of the Rhosne A Bishop-See seated upon the Rhosne in a Plain under a steep biforked Mountain spiring up in manner of two high and precipitious Rocks upon the top of the one is the Cathedral Church and the Houses of the Canons upon the other which is much higher The strong Castle called Thurbile in Summer-time the pleasant Recess of the Bishops the Key of the Country Martinack is the Octodurus of Caes Civit. Valensium Ant. St. Mauriaz Agaunum now St. Moritz closed with a Castle and two Gates upon the Bridg and the Mountains which shut up the Country which is within most pleasant fruitful and happy in Corn and excellent Pasture where is also Salt Springs discovered An. 1544. near Sitten Also divers Fountains of hot Medicinal waters Without the Country is environed with a continual Wall of horrid and steep Mountains The surprise of it alarmed all Europe when seized upon by the Count Fuentes for the King of Spain Mellingen Bremgarten and Meienberg chief Places of Wagenthal lie upon the Russ River Biel appertaineth to the Bishops of Basil Newenburg to the House of Longeville in France both confederate with Bern. The chief Places of Targow are St. Gal seated amongst Mountains not far from the Rhine and the Lake Bodenzee or Constance The City is Rich and well Governed inhabited by an industrious People in making Stuffs and Linnen Clothes From the famous Monastry hereof are named the Abbots Princes of the Empire and of great Power and Reverence in this Country Frawenfeld is the chief belonging to the confederate Cantons Chief Places in the Italian Prefectures are Locern Lorcarnum seated in a pleasant and fruitful Plain betwixt high Mountains and the Head of the Lake Magione the Verbanus Lucas Strab. Plin. and Of the SEVENTEEN PROVINCES Or the LOW-COUNTRIES BY the Latins that Tract is called Belgium from the Belgi the most Potent People heretofore of all these parts which upon the Confusion of those Ancient Limits of Germany and France did contain 17 distinct Estates or Provinces It is also called Germania Inferior by the English the Low-Countries by the Dutch Netherlandt by the Italians Spaniards and French Flanders from whence the Inhabitants were generally called Flemmings 'T is a Country seated very low between the Banks of the Rhine and the Sea-shore from which 't is Defended by extraordinary Charge and Industry with Banks and Ramparts For Hubandry 't is the best cultivated for multitude of Towns and Villages the best Peopled for their neatness the most Remarkable and by reason of their several Manufactures the most Rich of any Country in Europe 'T is bounded on the North with the German or British Ocean which also separates it from Great Britain on the West and on the South and East it borders upon France and Germany The Ancient Inhabitants were partly Subdued by L. Drusius in the time of Augustus Caesar the other were before overcome by Julius Caesar After which subjection they remained under the Roman Empire until the Expiration of that Empire when they were involved in that Publick Calamity under the Victorious French who here succeeded the Romans the whole was contained under the Name and Kingdom of Austrasia or Oostinreich After that the French Monarchy became divided amongst the Posterity of the Emperor Lewis the Godly this part hereof broke into sundry new Principalities and Governments and became divided into 17 States or Provinces whereof some Entitled their Governours Dukes others Earls others Lords Their Names are these Four Dukedoms Brabant Limburg Luxemburg and Guelderland Seven Earldoms Holland Zeland Zutphen Flanders Artois Hainault and Namur One Marquisate of the Holy Empire comprehending Antwerp Five Signories or Lordships Malins Vtrecht Over-Yssel Friesland and Grâ—ningen Two of these Flanders and part of Artoise appertained to the Soveraignty of the Kings of France quitted unto Philip the Second King of Spain by Henry the Second French King in the League of Cambray Brabant Flanders part of Artois Limberg with Malines and the Marquisate of the Sacred Empire became added to the Dominion and Family of Burgundy by Philip the Hardy Holland Zealand West-Freisland Hainalt Luxemburg and Namur by Philip the Good Gelderland Zutphen Vtreicht Over-yssel and Groningen by the Emperor Charles the Fifth Since this Union they were Governed in manner of Free Estates by their Princes and Magistrates making a distinct Nation and Commonwealth by themselves Duke Charles the Fighter Prince hereof had an intent to unite the parts then under his Government into one entire Kingdome by the name of Burgundy But the Provinces being Soveraign and had their several Laws Priviledges c. this project took no effect In the reign of Philip the Second King of Spain Heir of the House of Burgundy and in the year 1566. began those memorable Civil broils so long afflicting those rich and flourishing Countries continued with the spoil and ransacking of all their chief Towns and Cities with the unspeakable misery and calamity of a bloody War of 48 years a War which cost the King of Spain the Lives of 600000 men and 150 Millions of Crowns and England not fewer than 100000 men and above a Million of Money At last part of the Provinces were forced to continue under the Spanish Yoak and part recovered their Liberty so that now there are in the Low Countries two Estates or Dominions far differing one from another for the one is a Republick or rather several Republicks United and Confederated in one and therefore called the Vnited Provinces and commonly from the Principal Province Holland The other for the most part did belong to the King of Spain as Heir to the House of Burgundy and is called the Spanish Provinces or Flanders but of the late Years the French King hath Conquered most part thereof As the Country is divided so is also their Religion for the Spaniards strictly follow the Romish and the States-General indulg the free Use of all Religions but countenance only that of the Reformed Churches according to Calvin The Men for the most part are well proportioned unmindful of good Turns and Injuries of good Invention Frugal and of indefatigable Industry The Women generally of good Complexions Familiar Active Laborious and conversant in Affairs in the Shops and Houses Their Language for the most part is Dutch with little difference in the Dialect but in the Provinces adjoining to France they speak a corrupt and imperfect French from their Language called Walloons The Air is Temperate and more wholesome than formerly the Winter more long than cold and the Summer like the Spring in Southern Countries The Soil towards Germany is Woody and Hilly but towards the Sea full of Pasture and Meadow-ground which breed great
who has set up a Parliament and built a very strong Cittadel to secure it It is observed of Tournay that it was taken four several times upon St. Andrews day 1. By Henry the VIII King of England 2. By the Emperor Maximilian the First 3. By the Emperor Charles the Fifth 4. By the Duke of Parma Douay Dracum upon the Confines of Artois and Haynault is indifferent strong the Church of Nostredam is about 1200 Years old It is a Staple of Corn and Honoured with an University Courtray Cortracum upon the Lis an Ancient Town and of great Importance by reason of its Situation 't is the best in the County next the Capital places and the Inhabitants are excellent Artists in Diapring Linnen-Cloaths Dunkirk Dunquerea Duinkerk a Town of great Importance by reason of the conveniency of the Port and is one of the most considerable Purchases of the French King taken by the Duke of Orleance 1644. Graveline Gravelinga Grevelinghen not far from it a very considerable and strong Town Furna Furnes the Residence of Lovis the XI during his Retirement with the Duke of Burgundy The Soil is so fertile that the Low-Countries as the Natives say would have produced as much Riches as the Indies had all their Territories been as fruitful as that of Furnes Near Niue or Neoportus was fought that memorable Battel betwixt the Arch-Duke Albert and the States where by the valour of the English and the excellent conduct of those Noble and gallant persons Sir Francis and Sir Horatio Vere the Victory next under God was gained for the States Artois Artesia United to the Crown of France by the Pyraenean Treaty from which it was dismember'd is a Province extraordinary fertile in Corn. Arras Gallis Artrebatum the Origiacum Ptol. Atrecht Belgis the Capital City thereof consists of a High and Low Town both very strong since the last Conquests of the French King the River which belongs to it has been made Navigable for Vessels to go beyond Doway Hesdin Hesdinum is a Regular Hexagon by which the River was Navigable as far as Montrevil Bapaume Bapalma is a place that cannot well be Besieged because there is no Water in all the Neighbourhood Lins is famous for the Victory of the French in the year 1648. where the Prince of Ligne and the Marquis of Grana were taken with 20 Captains 6000 and 200 common Soldiers 40 Great Guns and 90 Insigns Bethune makes excellent good Cheese And Terroane Tervanna Terwin is known by its Ruins St. Omers Audomaropolis Fannum S. Aadomari is a strong City surrounded with Marshes wherein there are Floating Islands Haynault Hannona by the Dutch Henegow according to the Report of the Inhabitants and the Records of the Province acknowledgeth only God and the Sun for their Supreme Lords however it has now two other Lords the French King and the King of Spain Mons Montes by the Dutch Bergben the Capital City Fortified with three Moats is Governed by a Soveraign Council Independent from the Parliament of Malines It has also Canonesses that prove their Nobility for 300 Races and are permitted to Marry Near Mons the valiant Earl of Ossory did wonders and so desperately engaged the French that the Duke of Luxemburg was never so roughly handled This County of Hainault contains four Principalities Barbancon Chimai Conde and Ligne 3 Marquisates Aisaux Terlon Vergnies and 15 Counts The Estate is ancient being sometimes a part of the great Earldom of Ardenne from which it was divided and made a distinct Earldom by Alberick Sirnamed the Orpheline one of the youngest Sons of Brunulph Count of Ardenne slain by Dagobert a French King who had this part with title of Earl given him by Sigebert King of Austrasia to be held under the Soveraignty of the French Kings After long continuance and often changes it was by Jaqueline the last Princess wanting Heirs surrendered together with Holland Zealand and West-Friesland united in Families unto Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy her next Kinsman In whose House the right but the possession in the French King now remaineth at least the greatest part Valentiennes Valentiana is a great fair and well fortified place taken by the French 1677. lying upon the Scheld Quercetum Quesnoy Landdecium Landrecy Avenna Avesnes Philippevilla Philipville and Marienburgh Mariaburgum are strong places all in the French Kings Power as also Aeth Athum a considerable Town together with Binch Binchium Marimont not far from it was one of the fairest Houses in all the Country Mary Queen of Hungary having omitted nothing that might adorn the Structure The Battel of Senef 1674. was one of the most remarkable Exploits of that exquisite General the Prince of Conde Luxemburgensis Ducatus The Dutchy of Luxemburg Luceburgum so called from the Image of the Sun there worshipped It is a strong place of Defence but surrendred to the French 1684. It was sometimes a part of the Principality of Aâ—â—enne By â—â—e Emperor Charles the Fourth made a Dukedom in the person of his brother Wenceslaus By Elizabeth the last Princess wanting Heirs it was sold to Philip the Good Duke of Burgoign Has a City that bears the same Name Thionville Theodonis Villa Lewis the 14th of France was not much advanced in the fifth year of his Age ere he began to triumph over his Enemies at the memorable Battel of Rocroy 1643. and the gaining of Thionville by the Conduct of the Duke D'Anguien Montmedi Mons Medius Danvilliers Damuillâ—rium belong to the French King And Yuoix Yuodium by the French Carigan There are some Lands in the Forest of Arden that belong to the Bishop of Liege that is to say Bovilion Bullionium with the Title of a Dutchy and a strong Castle upon the Rock or high Hill whereof was named that famous Godfry of Builâ—on Duke of Lorrain and the first of the Latins King of Jerusalem St. Hubert to whom the Huntsmen make particular Devotions And Rochefort that beheld the French Victors over the Spaniards at the Battel of Avin in the year 1635. Brabant Brabantia in the middle of the Low-Countries has four Capital Cities of as many Countries Brussels Lovaine Breda and Boisleduc Brussels Bruxella is a City very well Peopled the Seat of the Governour in whose Palace is room enough to lodg several Kings The Channel that runs to Antwerp is one of the greatest Undertakings in the Low-Countries wherein there are prodigious Sluices for the Making whereof Sums of Money no less prodigious were expended The Church of St. Gudula is one of the fairest in all the Country The Neighbourhood of the Forest of Sognies lies very convenient for Hunting Lovaine Lovanium which some affirm to be the Capital City of Brabant is one of the biggest Cities of Europe with a famous University which gives the Natives occasion to call it a City of Scholars Brussels a City of Curtesans Antwerp a City of Merchants and Malines a City of Advocates by reason of its Parliament Tillemont was taken
Peerships and divers of new Creation a great number of Principalities Dukedoms Marquisates Earldomes Baronies and other Lordships Eleven Parliaments eight Chambers of Accounts 22 Generalities or Publick places of Receipt of the Kings Revenue There are four Principal Rivers the Seine whose Water is accounted the strongest in the World and more wholesome to drink than Fountain-water The Loire King of the French Rivers the Garonne most Navigable and the Rhone or Rosne most rapid By others thus Characterized the Loire the sweetest the Rhone the swiftest the Garonne the greatest and the Seine the richest The Seine riseth in Burgundy watering Paris and Roan disburdening it self into the English Channel The Sequana of Caesar The Loyre riseth about the Mountains of Avergne being the highest in France watering Nantes and Orleance and augmented with 72 lesser Rivers mingleth its sweet Waters in the Biscain or Gascogne Sea. The Ligeris of Caesar The Rhone or Rhosne springeth up about three miles from the Head of the Rhine watering Lions Avignon c. and taking in 13 lesser Rivers falleth into the Mediterranean Sea near Arles The Rhodanus of Caesar The Garone running from the Pyrenean Hills glideth by the Walls of Bourdeaux and Tholouse and with the addition of 16 other Rivers dilates it self into the Aquitain now Biscain Ocean The Garumna of Caesar The Mountains by Ancient Authors were the Gebâ—nna by Caesar Cammani Ptol. Ital. running along by Languedâ—c Chevennes and Avergne now les Sevennes The Jura Caes Jurassus Ptol. which divideth the French County from Savoy and the Swisses now called by several Names The Vogesus almost Encircling Lorrain and dividing it from Alsatia and Bourgondie now Dauge Mons c. There are several Divisions of France which respect the Church the Nobility the Courts of Justice and the Finances But it suffices here to say that the general state of the Kingdom was held Anno 1614 after the Majesty of Lovis the XIII and that then all the Provinces met under 12 great Governments Four of these Governments lie toward the North upon the Seine and those other Rivers that fall into it viz. Picardy Normandy the Isle of France and Champagne Towards the middle adjoyning to the Loire Bretagne Orlenoise Bourgogne Liâ—nnoise The other four toward the South near the Garonne viz. Guienne Languedoc Dauphine and Provence Under the Orlenoise is comprehended Maine Perche and Beauce On this side of the Loire Nivernois Tâ—uraine and Anjâ—u above the said River beyond it Poiciou Angoumois and Bâ—rry Burgundy hath Brest Under Lionnois are comprehended Lionnois Auvergne Bourbonnois and Marche Under Guienne is Bearne Gascogne and Guienne it self Saintonge Perigort Limâ—sin Querci and Rovergue Under Languedâ—c is Cevennes In each of these Governments are several great Cities the chief of which I shall speak of in Order viz. In Picardy the Storehouse of Paris for Corn is 1. Calais called by Caesar Portus Tecius Portus Britannicus Morinerum Plin. Prom. Icium Ptol. held by the English near 200 Years being taken by Edward the III. after eleven Months Siege in Anno 1347. and unfortunately lost by Queen Mary 1557. seated opposite to Dover in England from which it is distant about ten Leagues A strong Town of great Importance and accounted the Key of France Not far from Calais at a place called Agincourt was the Flower of the French Nobility taken and slain by King Henry the Fifth of England viz. 5 Dukes 8 Earls 25 Lords 8000 Knights and Gentlemen and 15000 common Soldiers 2. Bulloign Cesoriacum Navale Ptol. Portus Morinorum Plin. Civit. Bononensium Ant. Portus Gessoriacus of Caesar a strong Frontier-Town taken by Henry the VIII of England 1544. at which time the Emperor Maximilian bore Arms under the English Cross 3. Amiens Samarobrina Caes Samarobriga Ptol. Civit. Ambianensis Ant. a Walled Town seated upon the Seine well Fortified with an Impregnable Cittadel built by Henry the IV. But most Famous for its Cathedral so beautified within and adorned without that 't is the fairest and most lovely Structure in the West of Europe 4. St. Quintin Augusta Romanduorum Ptol. Civit. Veromannorum Ant. Quinctinopolis Fanum St. Quinctine in Scriptis Gall. two Leagues from Augusta Veromanduorum now Vermand Baud. Crecie the French Cannae famous for their great Overthrow and the Victory of the English in the Reign of Philip the Sixth A strong Frontier-Town Memorable for the Battel there Anno 1557. where King Philip the II. of Spain with the English under the Command of the Earl of Pembroke overthrew the whole Forces of the French. Laon a Bishops Sea whose Bishop is one of the Twelve Peers of France Laudunum Ant. Soissons Augustata Vessonum Ptol. a Bishops See the last place the Romans held in Gaul driven out by Clovis the Fifth 5. Guise of most Note for the Dukes of Guise a Family that in a little time produced two Cardinals and six Dukes besides many Daughters married into the best Houses of France In Normandy formerly Neustria are 1. Rouen or Roan Rothamagus Ptol. Rotomagentium Ant. seated on the Banks of the River Seine over which there is a Famous Bridge of Boats. Taken by Henry the Fifth after six Months Siege where were famished 50000 and 12000 Starvelings turned out of the Town An Arch-Bishops See and Parliament In the Chief Church called Nostre-Dame is the Sepulchre of John Duke of Bedford It is a place of as great a Trade as any in France and one of the Principal Cities where Exchanges are used 2. Dieppe a City of some Trade being a common Landing-place for the English in their Passage into France And is famous for its fidelity and allegiance to Henry the Fourth when the Guisian Faction in derision called him King of Dieppe 3. Falaise once a strong Town Memorable for the Story of Arlet the Skinners Daughters of whom Duke Robert begat William the Conqueror in spight to whom and disgrace to his Mother the English call Whores Harlots Here also was the Roy d' Juidot and Verneil when besieged by Philip the Second of France King Richard the First of England to keep his promise broke through the Palace of Westminster and raised the Siege Haure de Grace Newhaven by the English in Latin Franciscopolis a Cautionary Town to Queen Elizabeth Portus Gratiae of old Auranches Ingena Ptol. Civit. Abrincantum Ant. Constances Constantia Ant. Cherbourg Caesaris Burgum a strong Sea-coast Town Bayeux Cit. Bajocassium Ant. Caen Cadomum graced with a University founded by King Henry the Fifth King of England and the Abbey with the Tombs of William the Conqueror and Maud his Wife Lyseux Cit. Lexoviorum Ant. Eureux Mediolanum Ptol. c. The third Government is the Isle of France whose City is Paris formerly Lutetia because seated in a Clayie Soil A City that for its Riches Power and Number of Inhabitants may contend with any in Europe Seated on the Seine and on a Soil so fertile that no City knows such Plenty 't
is Dignified with the Ordinary Residence of the King its Chief Ornaments are the Palace of the Louvre so much fam'd abroad The Palaces of the Nobility viz. That of Luxemburg its Palace Royal its Church of Nostredame its University containing five Colleges the Halls of Justice the Courts of Parliament The English held it for 16 years and there Crowned King Henry the Fifth King of France In this Province about three miles from Paris is seated St. Dennis famous for the Sepulchres of the French Kings The Beautiful House of Fountain-Belle-eau esteemed one of the fairest Palaces in Europe As also the Royal Mansion of St. German seated on the Ascent of a Hill seven miles from Paris down the Water And Bois de Vincennes in which Henry the Fifth ended his days Senlis is the chief City of the Dukedom of Valois which gave name to the French Kings of the Second Branch of the Capets which begun in Philip Valois Ann. 1328. in his Reign was fought the Battel of Crecie Anno 1343. where was slain John King of Bohemia 11 Princes 80 Barons 120 Knights and 30000 common Soldiers In Champaigne the chief City is Rheimes Famous for being the place where the French Kings are commonly Crowned and Anointed Therein also is Langres Andomatanum of Ptol. the Seat of the Twelve Peers of France Trois the meeting-place of Charles the Sixth and Henry the 5th Kings of France and England where the Victorious King was espoused to Katherine Daughter to King Charles aforesaid Bretaigne or Britany of old Armorica so called from the Britains who flew thither in the time of the Saxons Tyranny over them in England Formerly the Titles of the Earls of Richmond It s Sea-Port Towns are Brest Vendana Portus seated upon a spacious Bay the Key the Bulwark and best Harbour in France St. Maloes Aletha Maclovium built on a Rock a strong fair and populous City yet often spoiled and damaged by the English Inland Towns are Nants Condivincum Ptol. Cit. Namnetum Ant. seated on the Banks of the Loyre and Rennes Condate of Ptol. Cit. Rodanum Ant. the Parliament-City for this County Vannes Dariorigum Ptol. Cit. Venetum Ant. Situate on a capacious Bay the chief Town of the Old Veneti Quimper Corentin Corisopitum Ant. Orleance as it comprehends Maine Perch Beauce Nivernois Touraine Anjou the Title of Henry the Second King of England and Earl of Anjou now the Title of the third Son of France Poictou Angonnois and Berry hath these chief Cities 1. Orleance of Old Gennabum of Caes Strab. Cenabum Ptol. Aurelia It s pleasant Situation on the Loire makes it very beautiful and delightful Once the Seat Royal of its own Kings now the Title of the Second Son of France It long felt the force of an English Siege where died Great Montacute Earl of Salisbury On the chief Bridg of this City is the Statue of Joan the Pucelle de dieu or Maid so assistant to the French in Repelling the English and raising the Siege of Orleance May the 12th 1429. Burnt alive by the English Anno 1431. after which time the Affairs of the English grew worse and worse for in Anno 1435. Charles the Burgundian fell off and in 1453. Talbot a man of great Valour and Conduct was slain and nothing was left to the English but Calice of all that the English had got in two and forty years 2. Mans Cit. Cenomannorum by Antonius by Ptol. Vidinum Vendosme which gave Name to Antonio Father to Henry the Fourth 3. Chartes Carnutum Ant. Ptol. Autricum seated on the Loire a fair and pleasant City Dignified with a University for the Study of the Civil Law. 4. Nevers Noviodunum Caesar Nivernum al. Nivernium Ant. upon the Loire Dignified with an Ancient Dukedom 5. Tours Caesarodunum Ptol. Turonum Ant. where the Protestants are said first to have begun in France and were called Hugonots Nigh to this place it was that Charles Martel Father of King Pepin in Anno 732. discomfited an Army of about 400000 Saracens of which were slain near 370000. Blois pleasantly seated and in a good Air where the Duke of Guise the first mover of the Civil Wars and contriver of the Massacre at Paris was slain by the command of Henry the Third 6. Angiers by Ptolomy called Juliusmagus Andeglaevum Ant. of a large Circuit well built seated in a good Air and made a University Beaufort belonging to the Duke of Lancaster nigh which Town was the Duke of Clarence Brother to Henry the Fifth slain 7. Poictiers by Ptolomy Augustoritum Pictavium Ant. a University Famous for the Study of the Civil Law and for greatness said to be next to Paris In the Vine-fields two Leagues from the City was fought that memorable Battel between John of France and Edward the Son of King Edward the III. Sirnamed the Black Prince who with 8000 men overcame the French Army of 40000 whereof 10000 were slain besides Nobles Prisoners taken were King John and his Son Philip 70 Earls 50 Barons and about 12000 Gentlemen 8. Rochel seated on the Acquitane Ocean a place of great Trade and of greater strength before it was dismantled 1627. witness its many Sieges Anno 1570. by Jarvil Anno 1573. by Byron with an Army of 50000. men and 60 Pieces of Artillery 1575. and 76. it was attempted by Landâ—riau in 1577. by Lansac In the troubles of 1585. and 88. it was the Retreat of the King of Navarre and Prince of Conde Her Commodities Rochel-Wine Salt and Brandy Rupella Ant. Mortus Santorum Ptol. 9. Angoulesme Enculisma al. Cit. Etolinensium Ant. 10. Bourges a Town of great strength by Nature and well Fortified by Art Situate in a low Flat amongst deep impassible Bogs and Marshes 'T is an Arch-Bishoprick and one of the best Universities in France called Avaricum in Caesar's time of old Bituricum Ant. Varicum Ptol. Sancerre a strong Town memorable for a desperate and long Siege in the Reign of Charles the Ninth In the Province of Bourgondy once a Kingdom is first Dijon Divionum built by the Emperor Aurelian proud in her Parliament and for giving Birth to St. Bernard seated upon the Soasne Next are Auxerre Antissiodorum Ant. Chalon Cabullinum Strab. Caballinum Ptol. Cavillonium Caesar Castrum Gaballionense Ant. Mascon Castrum Matisconense Ant. seated upon the Soasne the best Hold of King Charles the Seventh in his hard Wars against the English Alize now a small Village formerly Alexia the chief Fortress of Vercingeterix who had 70000 Men in the Town when Besieged by Caesar and an Army of 300000 Gauls at the back of Caesar to relieve their fellows notwithstanding all which the Town was yielded to Caesar and Vercingeterix sate at his feet and became his Prisoner Philip the third Grandchild to Philip the Hardy united to this Dutchy almost all the Belgick Provinces but Charles his Son in the War against Lewis the Eleventh lost his Men Money and Life at the Battels of Granson Morat and Nancy 1476. afterwards this
Dutchy was seized on by the French. Adjacent to and in the Government of Bourgondy is Brest the chief Town thereof is Bourg or Briss a place well built and so strongly Fortified that it is esteemed impregnable This Country was by the Duke of Savoy delivered to Henry the IV. of France in lieu of the Marquisate of Saluces 1600. In the Province of Guien wherein are the Provinces of Gascoign Guien and Bern are many Cities the chief whereof are Bourdeaux Burdegala Strab. Ptol. Cit. Burdegalensium Ant. seated upon the Banks of the River Geronne famous for being the Birth-place of King Richard the II. of England At present Honoured with an University and Parliament and is a place of good Trade Near to this City is the small Village called Greve which yields those Excellent Wines called Graves Wine About the year 1259. Lewis of France gave unto Henry the Third of England the Dutchy of Guien conditionally that he should renounce all Title to his other Inheritances It continued English till 1452. In the particular Guien is the Province Saintonge whose chief place is Saintes Mediolanum of old Strab. Mediolanium Ptol. Cit. Santorum Ant. 2. The Province of Perigort whose chief place is Perigueux Vessuna of Ptol. Cit. Petrogoriorum Ant. Environed with Viney-Downs divided into two Towns. 3. The Province of Limosin whose chief place is Limoges Ratiastum Ptol. Lemovicum al. Lemavicum Am the Prison of Beggers 4. The Province of Querci whose chief place is Cahors Dueona Ptol. Cit. Cadorcorum Ant. a Rich and Fair City 5. The Province of Rovergue whose chief place is Rodez Segodunun Ptol. Cit. Rotenorum Ant. In the Province of Gascoign are several Countries whose chief Cities or Towns are Bazas Cossium of Ptol. Cit. Vasatum Ant. Dax or D'Acqs Aquae Augustae of Ptol. Cit. Aqueâ—sium Ant. Auch Augusta of Ptol. Cit. Ausciorum Ant. an Archbishops See. Agen Aginium Ptol. Agennensium Ant. Condom Condomum a Bishoprick Bajonne Baiona Merc. near Spain In the middle of the small River Vidosa between France and Spain is the Island Faisans not mention'd by any Geographer I know of where Cardinal Mazarine and Don Lewis of Harro began the Pyrenean Treaty the 13 Aug. 1659. and whence in the year 1660. hapned the Interview between the two Kings and the Reception of the Iafanta when the Island was divided in the middle and a House built so that at the Table where the two Kings sate to eat the King of France sate in France and the King of Spain in Spain In the Government of Lionoise are the several Provinces of Lionoise Avergne Bourbon and March. In Lionoise the chief City is Lyons by the Ancients Lugdunum seated upon the conjunction of the Rosne with the Soane esteemed the second City of France a Famous Mart-Town Ancient and the See of an Arch-Bishop who is Primate of all France In Avergne is Cleremont Claro Montium upon its high Mountain In Bâ—urbon Moulins the Centre of France Molinum of old much resorted unto from all parts of France for its Hot Medicinal Baths Gergobia al. Gergobina Caesar teste Parad. Belfor In March Gueret and Bellac are the most considerable In the Government of Languedoc are 1. Tholouse Talosa Caes Strab. Ptolomy Seated on the Garonne the Seat of an Arch-Bishop and an University near whose large Fields called by old Writers Campi Catalaunici which I rather think to be the Fields near Chalons memorable for the overthrow of Attila King of the Huns whose Army consisted of 500000 of which 180000 that day lost their lives by Aetius the Roman Lieutenant who was rewarded by Valentinian Emperor of the West with the loss of his Head. 2. Narbon Narbo of Caes Plin. Narbona Suet. A. Mar. in the Roman Infancy the most Populous and greatest Town in France and the first Roman Colony Carthage Excepted To which Archelaus Son to Herod King of the Jews was banished by Augustus 3. Montpillier Montpessulanus seated on a high Mountain twelve miles from the Sea an University for the Study of Physick the Country about affording variety of Medicinal Herbs memorable for the Resistance it made against Lewis the XIII in the last Civil War about Religion Nismes Nemausus Strab. Mel. Nemausium Plin. Ptol. Nemausensium Ant. In the year 1270. Languedoc returned to the Crown in the days of Philip the Third In the Government of Dolphin which is the Title of the first Son of France is Vienna Situate on the Rosne an A. B.'s See and the chief of this Province 2. Valence a Bishops See and University for the Civil Law a Rich Strong and well Traded Town the Title of Caesar Borgia when he cast off his Cardinals Hat. 3. Grenoble Cit. Gratianopolita Ant. Accusionorum Col. Ptol. Grationopolis Sido P. Diac. a Parliament-Seat Briancon Bigantio Ant. Gap Cit. Apencensium Ant. c. Of the Seven Wonders of Dauphine see Allard Sylva in Latin Verse which are 1. The Burning Fountain 2. The Tower Sane Venin 3. The inaccessible Mountain 4. The Wine-Fats of Sassinage 5. The Vinous Fountain 6. The Manna of Briancon 7. And the Fountain of Barberon Provence took its name from the Romans who being called in by the Marsillians possessed themselves of this Country until Stilico called in the Burgundians of which Kingdom it was a member until the time of the Ostrogoths Anno 504. In the year 1480. Rhene Grandchild to Lewis Duke of Anjou Brother to Charles the First gave it to the Lewis the Eleventh King of France Chief Towns are 1. Marseilles Massillia commodiously seated on the Mediterranean Sea enjoying an Excellent Haven and Road for Ships a place of great Trade and well frequented with Merchants and a Colony of the Phocians 2. Aix Aqua Sextiae a Parliament Seat near this Town the Cimbri consisting of 300000 fighting men as they passed by Marius asked his Soldiers what Service they would command them to Rome but in their march through the Alpes having divided themselves Marius put them all to the Sword who had slain Q. Servilius Caepio and his whole Army after his surprisal and pillaging of the Aurum Tolosanum 3. Arles Arelate Plin. Arelatum Col. Ptol. 4. Toulon Tauroentium Ptol. Taurentium Strab. the best Sea-port Town in all France On the North-West of Provence lies the Principality of Orange whose chief place is Orange Arausia Plin. Arusio Strab. Col. Arausiorum Ptol. C. Arausinorum Ant. Famous for many Rare and Wonderful Antiquities belonging of Ancient Right to his Illustrious Highness the Prince of Orange but of late years seized upon by the French King. South of which lies the County of Venasin so called from Avenio now Avignon the chief City of it Famous for being the Ancient Seat of the Popes for about 70 years said to have 7 Parish-Churches 7 Monasteries 7 Nunneries 7 Palaces 7 Inns and 7 Gates to its Walls To these Governments might be added Lorrain the French Comte Alsace most part of the Spanish Provinces
very ancient Extraction and maintain themselves in Mountains and Fortresses that are inaccessible Some of their Cities that terminate in Pore seem to retain the memory of Porus as others by Scander the Name of Alexander The Dominions of the great Mogul are larger than the Persians and equal to those of the great Turk His strength lies in the Number of his Subjects the Vastness of his Wealth and the Extent of his Empire his Revenue exceeding the Persian and the Turks both put together but the Sophi surpasses him in Horse in Arms and warlike People And with the Turk he keeps a good Correspondence as being both of the same Religion Guzerat yields him yearly above 18 Millions of Gold and the Merchants of that Country are accounted the best in all India It contains 3 fair Cities Amadabat Cambaya and Surat with about 30 others very considerable Amadabat Amacastis Ptol. teste Herb. Amadavastis in Arrian one of the greatest Cities in India and of a vast Trade The Buzzar is Rich and Uniform The Castle Strong large Moated The Mausâ—leum Stately compassed at a little distance with the Dormitories of many Cambayan Potentates and two Miles off are the curious Gardens and Palace of Chawn-channa a Persian Cambaya Camane Nigro Barigaza teste Baud. Syrastene teste Stuchio was call'd the Indian Caire as well for its Greatness as also for its Traffick and the Fertility of the Soil Here they shape the fair Agats that come from the Indies into several sorts of Workmanship and in the Suburbs they make Indico The Tides are so swift to the North of the Gulph that a Horse at full Speed cannot keep pace with the first Wave The Streets were formerly lock'd up every Night but the Sea and its Trade is fallen away from it Suraâ— the Muziâ—is of Prol. Herb. Siâ—astia Sans about 40 days Journy from Agra drives as great a Trade as any of the Cities of Asia though the Access to it be very dangerous and the River Tappy or Tindy which rising out of the Decan Mountains glides through Brampore and in Meanders runs by the Walls of Surat and after 14 or 15 Miles circumgyring to and fro discharges itself into the Ocean so shallow at the Mouth that it will hardly bear a Bark of 70 or 80 Tuns so that the Ships are forc'd to unlade at Soali or Swali remarkable for the mischance of Capt. Woodcock who at the taking of Ormus had lighted upon a â—rigat laden with about a Million of Ryals which he seized and coming into this Swali Road the Whale sunk Alas the uncertainty of fading Pelf The English and Dutch have there their Presidents and Factories making it the greatest Mart in the East-Indies Baroche is of a great Trade for Cottons the English have a very fair House there not far from which place Tavernier tells us That of a dry Stick a Mountebank in less than half an hour made a Tree four or five Foot high that did bear Leaves and Flowers Broudra is a great City in a fertile Soil and of a great Trade for Calicuts At Navapour near Surat grows the best Rice in the World. The famous Port of Bombay the Milizigeris of Ptol. belongs to the King of England where is built a strong Fort and Mony is coined there The Portugals have had frequent Quarrels with the Mogul about their Fortress of Diu the Patola of Ptol. teste Nig. Pinet Patalena Hid spa Plin. Strab. Petacal Castaldo Barace of Ptol. Adriano Here after Alexander had sail'd down the Indus and arrived at this place he invaded the Country of the Oxydracans and stormed the principal place of the Mallyans where temerariously mounting the Parapet and violently leaping into the Town followed but by 2 Officers he had perished by the Darts and Weapons of his Enemies had not the Army as Men desperate in his Rescue enforced their speedy Entrance This Island is about a League long and four Musquet-shot broad the Haven is barr'd with an Iron Chain being under the command of the Cannon of the Castle It was Nobly defended in the years 1539 and 1546 against prodigious Armies so that the Mogul was forc'd to let them settle there to his extreme dissatisfaction But the last Relations from those Parts brings News that the Portugals have been at length constrain'd to abandon it Agra was of old as some tell us called Nagara before that Dionysiopolis founded by Bacchus Nissa Justino vide Hacluyt fol. 489. It contains the Capital City of the Empire able to raise 200000 fighting Men upon occasion The Prince receives a great Revenue for about 200 Stows that are therein It is twice as big as Ispahan but ill built and without Walls and has been enlarged since 1566 when Eckbar resided there and having built a stately Castle or Palace gave it the Name of Eker-Ahad Deli or Dehly was the Residence of the Mogul before Agra and so continues since Sha Jehan had built the new City and called it by his Name Jehan Abad or Gehanabat where the Mogul hath a stately Palace half a League in Circuit Gouleor is a Castle where the Mogul imprisons the Princes of the Blood which he suspects Lahor is the Metropolis of that Kingdom built upon one of the five Rivers that descend from the Mountains to swell the River Indus It is the Rendezvous of the Caravans and was the ancient Bucephalus and has been by Report 24 Leagues in Compass Naugracut shews an Idol to which many come in Pilgrimage Fettipore if the Water had been good by this time had triumphed over all the Cities in India Bannaras on the Banks of Ganges is full of mishapen Pagods Cabul the Chabura of Ptol. by some thought to be the Alexandria Arachosia which the Macedonian built near the Mount Caucasus whose City bears the same Name is large and well fortified of great Trade for Horses Sheep and other Cattel and is in the great Road from Labor to Samarcand Mando is one of the fairest Towns of the Province of Malva fortified with Walls and a Castle on the top of a Hill. Siranaker is the chief City of Cassimere Multan is of a rich Soil and great Trade for Callicoes but decayed Attok or Atek Tau is one of the best and strongest Gaâ—isons the great Mogul has and no Stranger is permitted to enter without the King's Passport Buckar stands where the Rivers Rawey and Chaul fall into the Indus Lourebander and Diul are the Ports to Tatta Janagar is the chief City of Soret Beisher of Bankish Dankalus of Kakares Hardware of Siba Jambu gives Name to its Province as also doth Sambal Bikanar is chief of Bakar and Narual that of Meuat Pitan and Patna give Name to their respective Provinces between the Kingdoms of Cambaya and Bengala are the Provinces of Candis Chitor Malucy Berar and Ranas whose chief places are Brampore Chitor Rantipore Shapor the Sora of Ptel by Baud. and Gurchitto Jesselmere is the City where Ekbar was
Barbarians others are free people Of the Jews some are Natives others are Strangers divided they are into several Tribes Wealthy and Numerous but despised and abominated by the Turks and Moors The Caffers or Libertines hold many Athiestical Tenents live together without Ceremonies like our Familists or Adamites inhabiting from Mosambique all along the Coast beyond the Cape of Good Hope The Idolaters are numerous in Negroland in both the Aethiopia's and towards the Great Ocean The Mahumetans possess the greatest part of Africa Aegypt and most of the Coast or the Red Sea and almost all Barbary belongs to the Turk excepting the Kingdoms of Morocco and Fez which are govern'd by Kings of their own the Cities of the Pirates and some others upon the Coasts that belong to the Christians Aethiopia Nubia Congo and Monomotopa have their particular Kings There are also Arabian Cheiques in Belledulgerid and Sarra The Country of the Blacks is under several Petty Sovereigns whose Jurisdiction is bounded somtimes within the limits of a Town The Kings of England and Portugal and the Hollanders have several Ports upon the Sea-coast for the better accommodation of their Trade into the Inland Country The French also possess some places of Trade in Barbary Guiney and in the Island of Madagascar which they call the Dolphins Island The grand Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem is Lord of the Island of Maltha Of BARBARY West BARBARJE by Rob t Mordon East BARBARJE by Robt. Morden BY the Name of Barbary was that part of Africa known to the Ancients which we call Zanguebar whereas the modern Barbary lies all along upon the Mediterranean Sea being the best and best peopled Country of all Africa by reason of the convenience of Trade The Romans the Sarazens the Vandals the Arabians the Moors the Turks have been successively Lords thereof and have called the Cities by different Names But at this day a great part of it is under the Turk The Emperor of Fez and Morocco Rules the North-west part The Spaniards Portugals English and Dutch possess several places upon the Coast Susaon Constantine Couco Labes are little Kingdoms that lie in the Mountains Saly Tituan Algier Tunis and Tripoly belong to the Pirats the three last under the Protection of the Grand Signior who sends a Basha to each though they have but very little Authority The French hold the place called the Bastion of France and the Genoeses the Island Tabarque Barbary is inhabited by the Africans or Bereberes oftner called Moors There are also some Arabians who setled themselves there in the Year 999. They live in the open Field in Adouares or Commonalties compos'd of several Families which they call Baraques where they have an 100 or 200 Tents set up in a Round The Inhabitants are generally of a duskish or rather blackish Complexion naturally Ingenious and given to Arts and Literature studious in their Law very distrustful inconstant crafty malicious when angred very active good Horsemen of a stately gate costly in their Apparel and jealous of their Wives who are of a comely Body well featured of delicate soft Skins and in their Dress exceeding sumptuous The Language spoken at present in most of the Maritime Towns is the Arabick but in Fesse and Morocco the Punick or old African the ancient Language of the Country 'T is situate between 30 and 35 degrees of Northern Latitude the longest Summers day about 13 hours one quarter increased to 14 and one quarter in the most Northern parts it is extended in length from the Atlantick Ocean to Egypt in breadth from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlas Mountains Barbary comprehends several Kingdoms that contain Cities of the same Name Morocco Fez Telensen or Tremisen Algier Tunis Tripoly and Barca Of the Kingdom of Fez. A New Map of the Kingdoms of FEZ MAROCCO by R. Morden THis Country lies between the Mediterranean Sea and Morocco on the North and South and between the Ocean Atlantick and the Argierine Territories on the West and East and contains the ancient Mauritania Tingitania 'T is now divided into seven Parts or Provinces viz. Temesne Fez Azgar Habat Errife Garret and Chaus The chief places of the Province of Temesne are 1. Rabat Opinum olim Episcopalis Tingitanae built after the Model of Morocco with its Aqueduct 12 Miles long by King Mansor Anfa and Anafe on the Coast seated in a delightful Plain was once one of the most famous Cities of Africa for its Trade with the English and Portugals and for its Riches but being addicted to Piracy was the cause of its Ruine and of that of Almansor Muchatia on the Guer is now famous only for the Tomb of one of their Morabuts or Saints Adendum is noted for its many Iron Mines about it Tegaget for its store of Grains The Province of Fez lies between the Rivers of Suba Sabur teste Marm. Cast and Baragrag the Salu of Plin. Ptol. c. the Ornament of this Province nay of all Barbary is Fez which the Mahometans call The Court of the West about a degree from the Ocean and as much from the Mediterranean Sea Volubilis Tingitanae Ptol. Volubile Plin. teste Marmol 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Seldeni the fairest and best City of all Barbary but the Romantick Description by Heylin Blome c. is very different from our later Relations so that I can write nothing of it with certainty The City of Mahmora fell into the hands of the Portugals in 1515 but retaken by the King of Fez who there defeated 10000 Christians and got 60 pieces of Artillery taken again by the Spaniards 1614. and fortified having a good Port. Sally or Sale is the Salu Plin. Ptol. Sol. Sella Jo. Leoni Cela Marm. is composed of two Cities the Old and New its Fortress is on a rising Ground with an high Tower in its Castle is the magnificent Tomb of King Manson and others it hath a Trade with the English French Dutch and Genouese but 't is most enriched by its Piracies Michness between Sally and Fez is encompassed with Gardens of excellent Fruits as Pomegranates Citrons Oranges Lemmons Figs Olives Grapes c. Asgar or Azgar towards the Sea affords Fens and Marshes where they catch store of Eels And store of Forests whence they have Charcoal and Wood whose chief places were Elgiumha or Elgiuhma now only a Granary where the Arabs store up their Corn. Casar-Elcaber or Alcazar is a place of pleasure built by King Mansor famous for the Battel which Don Sebastian King of Portugal lost in 1578. fought near this place in which all three of the Competitors lost their Lives Don Sebastian was slain in the Field Muly Mahomet of Fez was drowned and Abdelmelech of Morocco the Conqueror died either with the labour and pains or with the sickness with which he was seized before the Battel and amongst several others of eminent Quality was that famous infamous English Rebel Stuckley slain Lharais or Larrach
in the year 1486 was by them rejected who therefore sent his Brother to King Henry the Seventh of England which Messenger whether being taken Prisoner by Pyrates and detained along while or deferred at Court after his Address we find not certainly related but true it is that in the mean time Christopher Columbus conceiving the offer of his service neglected apply'd himself to the Court of Spain where after six years attendance he was at last furnished with three Ships only for discovery with which he sailed upon the Ocean more than sixty days and could see no Land so that the Spaniards began to mutiny and Columbus was forced to promise to return again if they could not see Land in three days time when toward the end of the third day one of 〈◊〉 pany descried Fire The place discovered was an Island on the Coast of Florida by the Natives called Gunahani now Salvador where landing his Men he took possession of this New World for Ferdinando King of Arragon and Isabella his Wife Queen of Castile October 11 1402. After whom John Cabâ—â— a Venetian in behalf of King Henry the Seventh of England in the year 1497 discovered all the North East Coast thereof from Cape Florida to the South beyond Newfoundland in the North causing the Royalers to turn Homagers to that King and to the Crown of England Next after him succeeded Americus Vespusius a Florâ—ntine employed by Emanuel the King of Portugal Anno 1501. upon a design of finding out a nearer way to the Moluccos than by the Cape of good Hope who though he passed no further than the Cape of Augustine on the Coast of Brasil yet from him this Country is called America As for this vast Tract of Ground in general it has the advantage of being temperate and fruitful by reason of its great and fair Rivers and the fresh Breezes that blow in the Torrid Zâ—â—e whereby we find that the cause of violent or remiss heats does not always proceed from the nearness or distance of the Sun but many times from the Situation of the place the disposal of the Mountains or Lakes the Quality of the Soil and the Nature of the Winds that blow The wealth of America is so vast that Spain has drawn and still draws from thence prodigious quantities of Gold and Silver and the Mines of Potasi have furnished him with many Millions There are no Treasures comparable to those related to be found in possession of Attabalippa and Guimacapa Kings of Peru and to the precious Houshold-stuff of the City of Cusco It was no extraordinary thing in the Reigns oâ— those Kings to behold Temples all plated with Silver and to see Houses covered with slates of Gold. The Spaniards affirm that their Kings Revenue amounts to above twelve Millions yearly by means of the Impositions which he lays upon goods transported thence as Gold Silver Pearls Emraulds Skins Sugar Tobacco Cochenille Sarsa-parilla Ginger and other things The first expence upon the discovery of America came but to fifteen thousand Ducats which were advanced to Columbus by the Spanish Secretary of State and not taken out of the Treasuries of the King. As for the Original of this People it is most probable that they did descend from the Tartars if so be that the West side of America be continent with Asia or disjoyned but by a very small strait as 't is described in some Maps But from whatsoever Root they did first come certain it is that they had setled here many Ages since and overspread all the parts and quarters of this large Continent But their numbers are much wasted since the Spaniards discovery for some Authors affirm that they put to death above fifteen Millions of Natives in less than fifty years and that the blood of those that perished in the Mines where they were forced to labour weighed more than all the Gold and Silver drawn from thence At the first Arrival of the Spaniards they found the People naked reasonably fair and clear little inclining unto that blackness which is natural to most of the Africans and to some of the Asiaticks that inhabit under the same Clime Ignorant they were of all things they had not seen wondering exceedingly at the Spaniards Ships and Horses and strangely admired to see them know the Health and Affairs of one another by reading a Letter yet 't is reported the Mexicans had some knowledge of the Deluge that they believed the Soul could not die and the Body should revive that those that lived honestly and justly or offered up their Lives for defence of their Country should find a place of everlasting peace and happiness So natural is the knowledge of the Souls Immortality and of some Vbi for the future reception of it They have as many Languages as Towns which may be the reason we have so little knowledge of their Original They are naturally active swift Runners and good Swimmers The Mexicans and Pernans were the only Americans that lived in Cities which Cities though founded by People which we call Savages were no way inferior to ours in Europe either for bigness or Magnificence The Spaniards possess the largest the richest and the most fertile Provinces among the rest Mexico and Peru formerly two famous Kingdoms the first Elective the other Hereditary and claim it all as their right by virtue of the donation of Pope Alexander the Sixth in the year 1493. But the other Nations would not give their consent The Portugueses have the Coast of Brasil The French have their Colonies in Canada in several Islands and upon the firm Land. The English are fairly seated all along the Coast of North America and in the Islands And of late the Dutch have gotten many places on the Continent and on the Islands For so rich a Prize could not be kept by the Spaniards who hoped indeed to have had a Monopoly of so wealthy a Country and to have enjoyed without a Rival the possession of so fair a Mistress The Seas that compass this Continent are on the East that commonly called the North Sea or Mar del Nort on the West the South Sea or Mar del Zur and on that part which hides its self under the Pole of the Erymanthean Bear to the South of the Straits of Magellan the North and South Seas meet and embrace together dividing it as is supposed from either Pole. Divided it is into two great parts or Peninsula's by the Isthmus of Panama viz. Mexicana on the North and Peruana on the South Of Peruviana or South America THIS Part of the two great Peninsula's into which the vast Continent of the New World doth now stand divided extends it self from about the twelfth Degree of the Equator North unto the four and fiftieth Southerly and is now by Geograghers divided into these Kingdoms or Parts viz. Castella del Or by some called Terra Firma Guiana The Amazons Peru Chili Brasil Peraguay or La Plata and Terra Magellanica It s
undertake it Of Canada or Nova Francia CAnada so called from the River Canada which hath its Fountains in the undiscovered parts of this Western Tract sometimes inlarging it self into greater Lakes and presently contracted into a narrow Chanel with many great windings and falls having embosomed almost all the rest of the Rivers After a known Eastern course of near fifteen hundred Miles it empties it self into the great Bay of St. Lawrence over against the Isle of Assumption being at the Mouth thirty Leagues in breadth and one hundred and fifty fathom deep On the Northside whereof the French following the Tract of the said Cabot made a further discovery of the said Northern parts by the Name of Nova Francia The Country is full of Stags Bears Hares Martins and Foxes store of Conies Fowl and Fish not very fruitful or fit for Tillage the Air more cold than in other Countries of the same Latitude The chief places are Brest Quebeck and Taduosac a safe but small Haven The French Trade here for Bever Mouse-skins and Furs and are said to be about five thousand what discoveries have been made of late years of the Southern parts of this Country may be seen in the Map of Florida c. Nova Scotia COntains that part of Land which the French call Accadie or Cadie being so much of the main Land as lieth between the River Canada and the large Bay called Bay Francoise from the River of St. Croix upon the West to the Isle of Assumption on the East first discovered by Sebastian Cabot who setting sail from Bristol at the charge of King Henry the Seventh made a discovery of it unto the Latitude of sixty seven and a half Which being neglected after this the French planted on the North-side of the River Canada And after that Monsieur du Monts settled on part of that Land called Nova Scotia but in the year 1613 was outed by Sir Samuel Argal And in the year 1621 King James by Letters Patents made a donation of it to Sir William Alexander afterwards Lord Secretary of Scotland calling it Nova Scotia in pursuance of which Grant he in the year 1622 sent a Colony thither And I am informed that it was after by Acts of Parliament annexed to the Crown and Kingdom of Scotland however I think the French have now a Colony at Port Royal and are the only possessors of that Country Of Newfoundland THIS was first discovered by the two Cabots John and his Son Sâ—bastian employed by King Henry the seventh 1497 the business laid aside was afterward revived by Thorn and Elliot two of Bristol who ascribed to themselves the discovery of it and animated King Henry unto the enterprise Anno 1527. In the mean time the French and Portugals resorted to it But the English would not relinquish their pretensions to the Primier Seisin and therefore in the year 1583 Sir Humphrey Gilbert took possession of it in the name of the Queen of England who being Shipwrack'd in his return the sending of a Colony was discontinued till the year 1608 when undertook by John Guy a Merchant of Bristol and in the year 1626 Sir George Calvert Knight then principal Secretary of State afterward Lord Baltimore obtained a Patent of part of Newfoundland which was erected into a Province and called Avalon where he caused a Plantation to be setled and a stately House and Fort to he built at Ferriland 'T is an Island for extent they say equalizing England from whence it is distant about five hundred and forty Leagues situate between the Degrees of forty five and fifty three Northern Latitude and is only severed from the Continent of America by an Arm of the Sea as England is from France It is famous for many excellent Bays and Harbors it hath great plenty of Fish Land and Water Fowl and is sufficiently stockt with Deers Hares Otters and Foxes which yield great Fur it affords stately Trees fit for Timber Masts Planks and other uses The Soil is esteemed fertile the Climate wholsom but the rigor of Winter and excessive Heats of Summer much detract from its praise Before the Island at the distance of twenty Leagues from the Raze lieth a long Bank or Ridge of Ground extending in length about two hundred and forty Leagues in breadth in the broadest place about five and twenty Leagues by Cabot called Bacalaos from the great multitude of Codfish which swarmed there so numerous that they hindred the passage of the Ships and is now called the Grand Bank where our Ships salt and dry their Fish There is no part of Newfoundland more happy for multiplicity of excellent Bays and Harbors than the Province of Avalon and there are vast quantities of Fish yearly caught by the English at Ferriland and at the Bay of Bulls though the whole Coast affords infinite plenty of Cod and Poor John which is grown to a setled Trade and were the English diligent to inspect the advantage of setling Plantations upon the Isle and raising Fortifications for the security of the place they might ingross the whole Fishery Of ICE-LAND ICe Land or the antient Thule supposed by some to be as large as Ireland Our English Masters who have fished there many years give this Account of it That the most Southerly part of it called Ingulf foot is in the Latitude of sixty four Degrees and twenty five Minutes And the most Northerly part is Rag-point in the Latitude of sixty six Degrees and five Minutes whereas our Maps as also the Great Atlas makes the Island above eighty eight Degrees of Nothern Latitude which gross mistake is refuted not only by Observation but also by the Suns continuance two hours above the Horizon in the middle of December in the most Northern part of the Island It is seated North Westerly from the North of Scotland viz. from the Start or Head Land of Orkney to the S. W. Head of Fero is fifty five Leagues and from thence to Ingulf-foot is eighty five Leagues more It hath four remarkable Mountains in it of which Hecla is the most famous which burns continually with a Blew Brimstone-like and most dreadful Flame vomiting up vast quantities of Brimstone and that when it burns with greatest vehemency it makes a terrible rumbling like the noise of loud Thunder and a fearful Crackling and Tearing that may be heard a great way off See more of this in Martineres Northern Voyage page 134. In the Philosophical Transaction Number 103 Dr. Paul Biornonius Resident informs us That it abounds with hot Springs of which some are so Hot that in a quarter of an hours time they will sufficiently boil a piece of Beef Arugreim Jonas tell us It was inhabited by the Norwegians Anno 874 afterwards by the Danes under whose Government and Religion it now is The Island is well peopled but they live only in the Vallies and towards the Sea-shore Their Dwellings are rather Caves than Houses The Inhabitants are said to be a Lusty
the Winter January the fifteenth they perceived so much Light as to read by it February the twelfth they saw the light of the Sun on the tops of the Mountains Those that wintered in Nova Zembla 1â—9 in the seventy six Degree on October the twenty third saw the Sun not fully above the Earth After October the twenty fifth they saw the Sun no more till January the twenty fourth they saw the edge of the Sun above the Horizon These also tells us That in seventy four Degrees the Water was as green as Grass And that at Cherry or Bear Island in the seventy fourth Degree and thirteen Minutes the variation was thirteen Degrees The first we read of that searched for the North-West passage was Martin Frobisher in Anno 1576 with two Barks coming to the Latitude of sixty two Deâ—rees sound a great Inlet of sixty Leagues in length and Main Land on both sides called by him Frobishers Strait He found there a certain Oar which he thought to be Gold and the next year made a Voyage to fetch a quantity of it but it prov'd but black Lead And upon Smiths Isle they found several Stones out of which they melted Gold but in very small quantities They found also a dead Fish of about twelve foot long in shape like a Porpoise having a Horn six foot long growing out of his Snout which is still kept at Winsor In 1583 Sir Humphry Gilbert went to the great River of Saint Lawrence in Canada took possession of the Country and setled a Fishing Trade here In 1585 Mr. John Davis was employed for search of the North-West passage The first Land he came to he called the Land of Desolation then he arrived in Gilberts Sound in the Latitude of sixty four Degrees and sixteen Minutes Thence they went to sixty six Degrees and forty Minutes to Mount Raleigh â—otnes Sound c. In 1586 he made a second Voyage to the same place found amongst the Natives some of Frobishers Oar as also Lapis Specularis Copper Oar as also black and red Copper and returned after search of many places with hopes of discovering the desired Passage So that in the year 1587 he made a third Voyage to seventy two Degrees and twelve Minutes where the Compass varied to eighty two Degrees Westward the Land he called London Coast and there they found an open Sea forty Leagues between Land and Land which he called Fretum Davis In the year 1610 Mr. Hudson proceeded one hundred Leagues further than any before had done and gave names to certain places viz. Desire-Provokes Isles of Godmercie Prince Henrys Cape King James Cape Queen Anns Cape c. but the Ice hindred him from going further and the mutiny of his Men from returning home In 1612 James Hall and with him William Baffin discovered Cockings Sound in the Latitude of sixty five Degrees and twenty Minutes which differ'd from London sixty Degrees and thirty Minutes where James Hall was killed in the Boat by a Native pretending to trade They saw Rocks of pure Stone finer and whiter then Alablaster and Angelica growing plentifully 1615 Baffin was sent again he found Fair-point to differ from London seventy four Degrees and five Minutes and found that there was no passage through Davis Strairs it being only a great Bay. 1626 Baffin went again And in Sir Thomas Smith's Sound their Compass varied fifty six Degrees Westward but finding no passage returned home â—â—â—l Willoughby 1553 in his discovery for North-East passage 〈◊〉 by a large Country by the Westside whereof he sailed for 〈◊〉 days together and therefore could not be a small Island as the Dutch make it We have nothing of the Voyage but those short Notes which were found lying upon his Table after his Death which was that in August the second they parted from Seynam August the fourâ—â—â—â—th they were one hundred and sixty Leagues North Easterly from Seynam that they continued sailing till September the fourteenth where they landed on a Country high Rocky and uninhabited from whence the Cold and Ice forced them to return more Southerly which they did till they came to Arzina a River in Lapland where the next Spring they were found all frozen to death in the Ship. 1556 Steven Burrows who searching a passage by the North-East unto the Indies arrived in â—â—2 Degrees and twenty five Minutes of Longitude seventy six of Latitude and so sailed to eighty Degrees and eleven Minutes and thence to Nova Zembla 1580 Arthur Pet and Charles Jackman sailed all over those Seas And that no Nation but English frequented those Northern Seas till 1578 that a Dutch Ship came to Cola and a year or two after another to Saint Nicholas and that by the encouragement of an English Man that set himself against the Russia Company which was Incorporated in 1553. Afterwards the Dutch crept in more and more and in 1594 they employed Barents and others to find out a passage Barents separating from his Company sailed to the North East of Nova Zembla where he lost his Ship and himself died In the Latitude of seventy four Degrees and thirteen Minutes the variation of the Needle was thirteen Degrees which was at Cherry or Bear Island In 1608 Henry Hudson was sent forth to discover the North Pole who went to eighty two Degrees as did also Thomas Marmaduke of Hull 1612 who saw divers Islands beyond that And in the year 1610 the Company set out the Ship Amity Jonas Pool Commander for Whale fishing who fell upon the Land formerly discovered and called it Greenland and gave names to many of the eminent places viz. Horn-sound where they found a Unicorns Horn as they called it Ice-point Bel-point Black-point Lowns Island Cape Cold Ice-sound Knotty-point Fowl-sound Deer-sound And in Cross Road seventy nine Degrees and fifteen Minutes Latitude the Variation was eighteen Degrees and sixteen Minutes North-West he seised upon the Country to the use of his Masters by setting up a Red Cross and fastning a Writing to it there he made the first Oyl And in 1611 the Company sent out two Ships and six Barques to fish for Whales where the first Whale they killed yielded them twelve Tuns of Oyl In the year 1614 the English set out thirteen great Shipâ— and two Pinnaces well armed and the Dutch eighteen whereof four were Men of War. The English took possession of divers parts of the Country for the King setting up a Cross and the Kings Arms in Lead And the Dutch did the like afterwards in the same places for the Prince of Orange In the year 1615 the King of Denmark sent three Ships Men of War to demand Customs for Fishing upon this Island which was denied and the Island affirmed to belong to the King of England In the year 1616 the Company sent eight Sail of great Ships and this year discovered Edges Island In the year 1617 the English sent out fourteen Ships and two Pinnaces April 24 they set sail from Gravesend and
of a Channel which Drusus formerly made stands Deventer Daventria Davontria a Capital City being a famous Passage over the Yssel first taken by the Earl of Leicester for the States And in Drent stands Coeverden Coverdia one of the most Regular Pentagons in Europe And Zwol the Suvolla of old Friesland Frissia affords good and strong Horses and Cattel of an excessive bigness It has been Governed by Princes and Dukes and as they say by Kings too who kept their Courts at Staveren Stauria Franiker Franicheria is an University Leuwarden Levardia Leovardum has a Parliament and Dockum Docum the Admiralty of the Province Schelling Schellingia is a small Island upon the Coast wherein are several Towers that give Signals to Vessels Groeningen that has the last Voice in the Assembly of the States-General has but two Cities Groeningen Groninga and Dam Damum Groningen is of that consequence by reason of its Situation on the Frontiers that the Duke of Alva had designed a Cittadel there In the year 1672. the Bishop of Munster not able to take that City yet took several other Towns from the Dutch. The Province is full of Pasturage which affords good stuff for firing The chief Commodities of the Natural growth of these Provinces are Butrer and Cheese the rest being Manufacturies which they make out of such Materials as they fetch out of other Countries But the Commodity that hath been of greatest Advantage to them is Fish and that not caught upon their own Coast neither Their Herring-Trade by computation is worth 450000 l. per Annum And that of Cod-fish 150000 l. Sterling Yearly Generally the people are inclined to Navigation and a Sea-faring Life and many being Born on Shipboard and bred up at Sea know no other Country so that their Natural inclination and necessity of employing themselves that way hath exceedingly increased their Shipping so that 't is thought they are Masters of more Ships and Vessels of all forts than almost all Europe besides But that which is the just Admiration of all Men these Seven Provinces are become greater and more potent than Seventeen in riches and power Nay they have out-done some of the greatest Princes in Europe Their Cities are many and splendid and yet there are more Sects among them than Cities and almost as many Creeds as Heads yet so Wise in their Meetings as never to Discourse of Religion Their Country in general for its Dimensions is fullâ—r of People Cities Towns Castles Forts Bulwarks c. for Military Defence than any one Country in Europe Their Naval Forces prodigious befitting Wonders rather than Words even a terrour to the great Princes of the World. For their Trade it far exceeds that of the Neighbouring Princes and in the Oeconomy of it much more prudently managed To every Town they Assign some Staple Commodity as to Dort the German Wines and Corn to Middleburgh the French and Spanish Wines to Rotterdam formerly now to Dort the English Cloth To Harlem Knitting and Weaving c. which maketh their Towns so equally rich and populous One Miraculous Accident I must not forget because mentioned by all Writers viz. That Margaret Sister to Earl Floris the 4th being about 42 years of Age brought forth at one Birth 365 Children half Males half Females the odd one a Hermaphrodite they were all Christened by Guido Suffragan to the Bishop of Vtrecht in two Basons which are yet to be seen at the Church of Lasdunen the Males John the Females Elizabeths immediately after they all died and their Mother also Of the SPANISH Netherlands The Spanish PROVINCES vulgo FLANDERS by Robert Mordon at the Atlas in Cornhil THESE Provinces are so called because Subject to the Monarchy of Spain It carries also the Name of Flanders from that Province which is the fairest the richest and the best Peopled part Of these Spanish Provinces four are Frontiers of France the Counties of Flanders Artois Hainault and the Dutchy of Luxemburgh Five in the middle viz. The Dukedom of Brabant the Marquisate of the Holy Empire the Signory of Malines the County of Namur and the Dutchy of Limburgh There are also two Feifs of the Empire the Bishoprick of Leige and the Arch-Bishoprick of Cambray The Kings of Spain were once Masters of these Provinces and for the preservation thereof have expended a good part of their Gold and Silver brought from the Indies in the Wars they maintained against the Dutch and French. The County of Flanders Flandria Latinis Vlaenderen by the Inhabitants Flandre French Flandes Spaniards Flandra Italians is so full of People that it seems to be but one great City and the loveliest County in Christendom All along the Coast lie banks of Sand that cover very Rich places In the Neighbouring Sea are several Sands and Shelves nevertheless Ships Ride there safe enough It formerly was divided into Dutch Flanders Gallican Flanders and Imperial Flanders This belonged sometimes unto the Kingdom of West France and held by the Princes thereof under the Fief of this Crown quitted unto Philip the Second King of Spain and to the Heirs of the House of Burgundy by Henry the Second King of France and the League of Cambray In Flanders the principal places are Gaunt Bruges Ipres and Lille Gaunt Gandaurum Ghendt Gand by the French is one of the biggest Cities of Europe But though it have several Rivers that still bring a Trade to it yet has it not the five and thirty thousand Families that Anciently it had when it was able to Arm four and twenty thousand Men. 'T is famous for the birth of Charles the Fifth and of John Duke of Lancaster commonly called John of Gaunt Bruges Brugae is the best Built in the Province and the Citizens are the handsomest and most Gentile in all the Low-Countries The Spaniards who had the Channel of this City stopped up by the taking of Sluce have some few years since made another able to receive Vessels of four hundred Tun. Ostend Ostenda is a Town whose Haven they can never block up and which was once the Theater of War when it held out a Siege for above three years being Garisoned by the English and under Sir Horatio Vere who was then Governour thereof at which Siege the Spaniards are said to have lost one hundred thousand men Ypres has so many Channels and conveyances of Water under ground that it is said the Foundations are of Lead Lille Insula Gal. L'Isle Incol Ryssel or Ter Issel upon Dole the Capital of Walloon-Flanders is one of the best in the Low-Countries by Reason of its Wealth and Commerce All the other places of Flanders are generally considerable either for their Beauty or for their Fortification for eminent Sieges or Remarkable Battels Tournay Tornacum Dornick Baganum of Ptol. Civit. Turnacensium of Ant. an Ancient City is fair great strong rich and well Peopled This was the first Town that submitted to the King of France after a formal Siege