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A42508 The poetical histories being a compleat collection of all the stories necessary for a perfect understanding of the Greek and Latine poets and other ancient authors / written originally in French, by the learned Jesuite, P. Galtruchius ; now Englisht and enricht with observations concerning the gods worshipped by our ancestors in this island, by the Phœnicians, and Syrians in Asia ... ; unto which are added two treatises, one of the curiosities of old Rome, and of the difficult names relating to the affairs of that city, the other containing the most remarkable hieroglyphicks of Ægypt, by Marius d'Assigny ...; Histoire poétique pour l'intelligence des poéts. English Gautruche, Pierre, 1602-1681.; D'Assigny, Marius, 1643-1717. 1671 (1671) Wing G384; ESTC R15913 274,012 534

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all Italy but they vvere all defeated by this excellent Commander But before the Consuls did enter into their Office they did Sacrifice to the Gods and imploy the Augures to make their Observations This vvas practised by all the other Magistrates at their first admittance into their Offices The marks of the dignity of the Consuls vvere the Bundles of Rods carried before them by 12 Serjeants as before the King and the Sella eburnea a Chair of Ivory placed upon an open Chariot and therefore named curulis à curru The Consuls also vvere cloathed vvith a Purple Robe called trabea These Consuls did command the Roman Armies dispose of the Revenues of the Provinces punnish all offendors call the Senators together assemble the People treat vvith forreign Princes and mannage many other Affairs of the Empire The Censors vvere first appointed to ease the Consuls of part of their Burden for vvhen the Empire began to flourish and the Enemies of it began to multiply the Consuls were continually imployed in the preservation of the Publick Interest from forreign Invasion and in forcing the Neighbour Nations to yield obedience to the Roman Eagles so that they could not mind the domestick Affairs Therefore the Censors were chosen by the People and enabled with a Power not much less than that of the Consuls Their office did oblige them to look to the Publick Revenues to take an account of every Citizens Estate and ability to correct misdemeanors and publick disgraces They were able to depose the Senators to degrade the Equites and take from them their Ornaments when they did commit actions unworthy of the Roman name This discipline did encourage virtue and prevent the mischiefs which Vice doth commonly bring upon a Nation If any did neglect his Patrimony and Estate and make no improvement of it or if any did suffer his ground to be untill'd or if any was not well furnished with Arms and necessaries for the War Or if any person did neglect his office and spend his time in debauchery the Censors were to punish them according to their deservings By this means the Roman Empire did flourish when there was an exact care taken to oblige every man to his duty and imployment Idleness is a dangerous Vice in a Kingdom that causeth nothing but poverty and misery I could wish that in this our Countrey some order might be taken to imploy our poorer sort of People and drive the wealthier from the Taverns and Ale-houses where many spend their days and Estates It is strange that most Corporations do svvarm with Beggers whereas they have most means to imploy them for the advantage of the Publick Our Laws are as good as the Romans and as much conducing to the universal Interest But our Country officers our Mayors of Towns have not many times that Generous Spirit in them which their Offices and the general Interest requires We may ascribe to the Idleness to the Sloath and negligence and to the small imployment of the native Commodities of our Land all the evils and want which do cause our murmurings These Censors did continue in their Offices five years compleat And as often as the Romans did take a view of all the Censors and Members of the City If any was left out of the Roll he was degraded for some misdemeanor It was no little Honor to be named first omongst the Senators and the Equites they were named Principes senatorum and Equitum The Censors were also to take care of the Ornaments of the Temples of the Sacrifices of the publick Ways and Bridges and to see that all things relating to the Publick Interest might not suffer any dammage Every five years the Censor was to Lustrare exercitum Romanum to purge by Sacrifice the Army of the Romans The custom was to lead a Sow a Bull and a Ram round about the People encampped in the Field of Mars and then to Sacrifice these Beasts to this God of VVar. The Praetors were appointed instead of the Consuls to administer Justice to the Publick Two were commonly chosen Praetor major or Vrbanus for the Affairs of the Roman Citizens and Praetor peregrinus or minor to do Justice to strangers Before their admittance into their Offices they did swear to observe the Laws of the Common-wealth The number of these Praetors did increase in the flourishing State of the Empire to 16 or 18. The Praetors did judge of all sorts of Causes the criminal Causes were called Causae capitales The Officers of the Court were the Lictores the Scribes the Accensi or Baylifs who did summon the people to appear Their Marks of Honour were a Sword and a Spear which were placed by them in the Court VVhen they first did enter into their Offices they did cause several Rules or Laws to be written in a Table which was to be hang'd out in publick to give notice to every one how the Praetors did intend to Judge This was called Edictum Praetoris At last a certain Praetor gave Rules for the rest to govern themselves by in the administration of Justice his Edict was called Edictum Perpetuum When the Sentence was given against any man the party who did overcome did lay his Hand upon the looser or upon the thing in dispute and did use this form of words Ego hunc hominem or hanc rem ex jure Quiritum meum vel meam esse dico then the Praetor did confirm his saying by adding addico I do so adjudge it The Commonwealth at last was forced to yield to the ambition of Julius Caesar and his Successors who were chosen Emperors For when the Civil Wars were ended the Senate of Rome being moved by the Creatures of Julius Caesar bestowed upon him most glorious titles of Honour and Dignity and established him in the Supreme power during his life they stiled him a perpetual Dictator the Father of the Countrey a Consul for 10 years Sacrosanctus Imperator a Holy Person and Emperor This last name had been given after some notable Victory to the Roman Generals by the Soldiers Augustus added another Title to the Emperors for after Him they were named Augusti a Sir-name proper to all holy and sacred places and things They were also called Pontifices maximi the chief Pontifs Their power was far greatet than any other Magistrate before for they did what they pleased without controll The Princes of the Roman youth were such as were designed for Emperors They were Honoured with the title of most Noble Caesars when they had been chosen to succeed in the Empire and declared worthy of that Dignity in the Senate Augustus brought in that custom which was observed by his Successors In England we have the Princes of Wales who succeed in the Throne to our Kings In France the Dauphin the eldest Son of the French King reigns after his Father Thus in Germany there are the Kings of the Romans who