christian_n whereupon_o he_o be_v baptize_v in_o the_o year_n 826_o and_o immediate_o restore_v to_o his_o dominion_n but_o soon_o after_o he_o renounce_v christianity_n and_o continue_v heathen_a till_o reclaim_v by_o st._n anschar_n who_o for_o his_o good_a office_n in_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n be_v make_v archbishop_n of_o hamburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 835._o 2._o eric_n succeed_v his_o brother_n harald_n with_o who_o he_o have_v be_v baptize_v in_o germany_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o cruelty_n against_o the_o the_o christian_n in_o his_o day_n about_o the_o year_n 853_o the_o dane_n first_o enter_v france_n under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o captain_n rollo_n though_o other_o more_o probable_o relate_v he_o not_o to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o of_o those_o northern_a rover_n that_o invade_v france_n but_o to_o have_v succeed_v to_o gotfrid_n and_o to_o have_v enter_v france_n about_o the_o year_n 876_o and_o not_o to_o have_v be_v peaceable_o settle_v in_o normandy_n till_o 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say_v king_n eric_n in_o his_o chronicon_fw-la every_o three_o man_n in_o denmark_n go_v by_o lot_n to_o seek_v his_o fortune_n so_o that_o those_o who_o march_v off_o overrun_v all_o prussia_n semgal_n curland_n and_o several_a other_o country_n whence_o they_o never_o return_v but_o there_o they_o and_o their_o posterity_n have_v continue_v to_o this_o day_n he_o die_v a_o heathen_a about_o the_o year_n 912._o 5._o after_o the_o death_n of_o canutus_n the_o danish_a sceptre_n be_v give_v to_o frotho_n his_o son_n so_o say_v the_o most_o credible_a historian_n though_o lindenbruch_n report_v that_o his_o brother_n sueno_n reign_v nine_o year_n he_o be_v twenty_o year_n king_n of_o england_n and_o denmark_n in_o the_o former_a of_o which_o he_o be_v baptize_v and_o die_v a_o good_a christian_n 6._o gormo_n gormund_n or_o guthrum_n surname_v hartesnute_n and_o engelend_a because_o bear_v in_o england_n succeed_v his_o father_n he_o together_o with_o his_o follower_n be_v baptize_v at_o aalre_a in_o sommersetshire_n and_o have_v our_o learned_a and_o pious_a king_n aelfr_v to_o his_o godfather_n who_o at_o the_o font_n give_v he_o the_o name_n of_o athelstane_n and_o afterward_o bestow_v on_o he_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east-angle_n from_o this_o gormo_n a_o village_n near_o huntingdon_n call_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n corrupt_o godman-chester_n have_v its_o name_n gormon-chester_n as_o cambden_n prove_v from_o that_o old_a verse_n gormonis_fw-la a_o castri_fw-la nomine_fw-la nomen_fw-la habet_fw-la i_o be_o very_o unwilling_a i_o must_v confess_v to_o confound_v this_o gormo_n with_o king_n aelfred_n godson_n who_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v learn_v from_o english_a writer_n never_o sit_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o denmark_n neither_o do_v the_o time_n agree_v but_o the_o danish_a historian_n will_v have_v it_o so_o and_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o seek_v for_o satisfaction_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o such_o confusion_n as_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o 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the_o name_n of_o helena_n about_o the_o year_n 876_o bring_v christianity_n into_o russia_n and_o die_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o sanctity_n and_o her_o anniversary_n day_n be_v july_n 11._o suetoslaw_n when_o he_o come_v to_o age_n succeed_v his_o father_n and_o jeropolick_v he_o next_o after_o he_o be_v wolodomir_n concern_v who_o we_o have_v something_o of_o certainty_n zonara_n say_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o basilius_n the_o emperor_n there_o be_v a_o bishop_n send_v from_o constantinople_n to_o convert_v the_o russes_z i_o think_v his_o name_n be_v leo_n the_o russes_z will_v not_o believe_v except_o they_o see_v a_o miracle_n whereupon_o the_o bishop_n throw_v the_o book_n of_o the_o gospel_n into_o the_o fire_n and_o after_o a_o long_a time_n take_v it_o out_o unblemished_a and_o this_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o russes_z but_o their_o solemn_a receive_n it_o be_v not_o till_o 988_o when_o their_o prince_n wolodomir_n marry_v anna_n 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potent_a prince_n and_o keep_v very_o good_a correspondence_n with_o the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o action_n of_o this_o be_v confound_v with_o those_o of_o the_o other_o wolodomir_n they_o say_v he_o die_v ann_n 1146_o which_o be_v not_o probable_a if_o he_o be_v the_o husband_n of_o that_o lady_n who_o follow_v and_o be_v not_o set_v down_o till_o 1237_o when_o reign_v george_n by_o some_o call_v gregory_n call_v by_o some_o szeveloditz_n other_o make_v wszevolod_n to_o be_v the_o father_n and_o george_n his_o son_n george_n be_v ann_n 1237_o slay_v by_o batus_fw-la a_o tartarian_a prince_n who_o subject_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o the_o tartar_n order_v that_o the_o tartar_n shall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n choose_v the_o prince_n of_o moskow_n that_o when_o they_o send_v their_o ambassador_n the_o prince_n shall_v go_v to_o meet_v and_o wait_v upon_o he_o on_o foot_n offer_v a_o platter_n of_o mares-milk_n that_o if_o the_o 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zanabeck_n the_o crim-tartar_n who_o favour_v he_o so_o much_o that_o he_o abate_v some_o part_n of_o the_o slavery_n impose_v upon_o the_o tzar_n his_o son_n ivan_n ivanowitz_n succeed_v and_o be_v whole_o subject_a to_o the_o tartar_n demetri_fw-la ivanowitz_n be_v his_o son_n who_o refuse_v to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o tartar_n make_v a_o fierce_a war_n upon_o mamai_n can_n and_o gain_v a_o very_a bloody_a victory_n the_o earth_n for_o thirteen_o mile_n together_o be_v cover_v with_o carcase_n but_o tachtanisk_a can_n in_o another_o battle_n slay_v demetri_fw-la and_o renew_v the_o power_n of_o the_o tartar_n over_o the_o russes_z vasili_n demetriwitz_n follow_v ann_n 1357_o who_o chase_v the_o tartar_n out_o of_o russia_n and_o conquer_a bulgaria_n beyond_o the_o wolga_n be_v jealous_a of_o his_o wife_n anastasia_n he_o disinherit_v his_o son_n vasili_n and_o give_v the_o empire_n to_o his_o brother_n george_n who_o at_o his_o death_n restore_v it_o from_o his_o own_o son_n to_o the_o right_a heir_n but_o those_o son_n make_v war_n upon_o vasili_n take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n therefore_o be_v he_o call_v vasili_n ciemnox_n or_o dark_a but_o the_o boiar_n be_v faithful_a to_o he_o he_o reign_v peaceable_o till_o his_o death_n and_o leave_v the_o empire_n to_o his_o son_n ivan_n vasilowich_n surname_v grotzdyn_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o give_v lustre_n and_o fame_n to_o the_o obscure_a name_n of_o the_o russes_z for_o take_v away_o the_o dukedom_n and_o government_n from_o his_o uncle_n who_o account_v themselves_o absolute_a in_o their_o dominion_n he_o unite_v the_o whole_a nation_n in_o his_o own_o person_n and_o call_v himself_o tzaar_n or_o as_o they_o pronounce_v it_o tzar_n that_o be_v king_n he_o marry_v mary_n daughter_n to_o michael_n duke_n of_o tweria_n some_o say_v severia_n or_o severski_n and_o present_o after_o chase_v he_o out_o of_o his_o
foreign_a prince_n and_o their_o manner_n model_v by_o different_a law_n the_o second_o great_a epocha_n in_o the_o swedish_n chronicle_n be_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o 108._o ericus_n ix_o surname_v the_o saint_n a_o virtuous_a and_o pious_a prince_n he_o never_o lay_v any_o tax_n or_o imposition_n upon_o his_o subject_n but_o be_v content_a with_o the_o crown-patrimony_n and_o when_o money_n be_v offer_v he_o by_o his_o people_n he_o refuse_v to_o accept_v it_o he_o build_v the_o cathedral_n church_n at_o vpsal_n and_o propagate_v christianity_n to_o the_o finlander_n this_o king_n new_o model_v all_o the_o swedish_n law_n and_o expunge_v those_o that_o any_o way_n favour_v paganism_n he_o be_v murder_v by_o a_o party_n of_o rebel_n and_o in_o the_o very_a place_n where_o they_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n there_o present_o issue_v out_o say_v loccen_n a_o spring_n of_o pure_a water_n famous_a for_o cure_v disease_n 109._o charles_n vii_o a_o peaceable_a and_o religious_a king_n who_o found_v several_a monastery_n and_o have_v a_o archbishop_n see_v grant_v he_o in_o his_o own_o dominion_n 110._o canutus_n son_n to_o ericus_n 111._o suercherus_fw-la ii_o 112._o ericus_n x_o a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a king_n 113._o john_n ay_o surname_v the_o meek_a he_o propagate_v the_o christian_a religion_n among_o the_o leiflander_n 114._o ericus_n xi_o surname_v the_o stammerer_n he_o root_v out_o paganism_n in_o tavastia_n and_o bring_v over_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n 115._o waldemarus_n son_n to_o bergerus_n jerl_n who_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o ericus_n in_o his_o father_n absence_n be_v clect_v king_n which_o his_o father_n be_v dissatisfy_v with_o at_o his_o return_n declare_v his_o displeasure_n that_o a_o unexperienced_a youth_n his_o son_n shall_v be_v advance_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o himself_o disregard_v he_o be_v thereupon_o desire_v to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o management_n of_o all_o public_a affair_n after_o his_o death_n waldemarus_n have_v absolute_a power_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o rule_v by_o his_o own_o unfortunate_a command_v he_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o people_n and_o his_o crown_n give_v to_o 116._o magnus_n i_o surname_v ladulaus_n i._n e._n the_o lock_n to_o granary_n because_o he_o make_v such_o severe_a law_n against_o steal_v corn_n and_o break_v up_o granary_n that_o in_o his_o reign_n the_o people_n use_v neither_o lock_n nor_o key_n his_o law_n be_v sufficien_fw-fr to_o secure_v they_o from_o thief_n and_o robber_n he_o build_v many_o church_n and_o make_v several_a wholesome_a law_n order_v that_o all_o offender_n instead_o of_o pay_v mulct_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v in_o build_v some_o tower_n or_o fort._n 117._o birgerus_n son_n to_o magnus_n in_o his_o time_n and_o by_o his_o mean_n carelia_n receive_v the_o gospel_n he_o manage_v affair_n imprudent_o and_o thereupon_o be_v depose_v and_o banish_v by_o his_o subject_n and_o his_o kingdom_n confer_v on_o 118._o magnus_fw-la ii_o surname_v smeek_a i._n e._n the_o flatter_a or_o cocker_v prince_n in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o rule_v peaceable_o and_o have_v the_o affection_n of_o his_o people_n but_o fall_v into_o sottishness_n and_o follow_v strange_a woman_n he_o lose_v the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v in_o a_o senate_n at_o stockholm_n public_o arraign_v for_o his_o misdemeanour_n call_v for_o to_o answer_v for_o himself_o and_o not_o appear_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n by_o they_o depose_v ericus_n xii_o son_n to_o magnus_n sometime_o during_o his_o father_n reign_n manage_v all_o business_n of_o state_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v by_o some_o reckon_v among_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n though_o without_o good_a reason_n for_o he_o be_v only_o a_o assistant_n to_o the_o king_n in_o council_n not_o a_o partner_n in_o the_o government_n the_o four_o swedish_n epocha_n be_v reckon_v from_o the_o remarkable_a alteration_n of_o affair_n under_o 119._o albertus_n of_o mecklebourg_n elect_v by_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n for_o some_o time_n he_o rule_v well_o but_o prefer_v germane_a to_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o trust_n in_o his_o kingdom_n he_o thereupon_o lose_v the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o his_o crown_n to_o boot_v after_o he_o be_v depose_v he_o retire_v into_o a_o monastery_n the_o person_n who_o succeed_v be_v 120._o margarita_n queen_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n she_o vex_v her_o subject_n with_o intolerable_a tax_n admit_v dane_n englishman_n and_o italian_n into_o public_a office_n and_o be_v thereupon_o assault_v by_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v certain_o slay_v she_o have_v she_o not_o give_v they_o fair_a promise_n and_o propose_v to_o they_o one_o to_o succeed_v she_o viz._n 121._o ericus_n xiii_o her_o nephew_n son_n to_o wartislavus_n duke_n of_o pomeren_n he_o be_v king_n of_o denmark_n norway_n and_o sweden_n at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o marry_v philippe_n daughter_n to_o henry_n iv_o then_o king_n of_o england_n for_o some_o time_n he_o reign_v happy_o but_o break_v the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o not_o observe_v his_o coronation-oath_n he_o fall_v into_o great_a trouble_n and_o at_o last_o after_o he_o have_v enjoy_v three_o crown_n for_o five_o and_o forty_o year_n be_v dethrone_v by_o his_o subject_n this_o king_n after_o he_o be_v depose_v be_v say_v to_o have_v turn_v pirate_n and_o very_o much_o infest_a the_o british_a coast_n his_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n be_v give_v to_o 122._o christophorus_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n this_o king_n revise_v and_o correct_v the_o municipal_a law_n of_o sweden_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v promulgate_v from_o he_o call_v christopher_n law_n he_o die_v sudden_o at_o helsinburg_n as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o consult_v with_o his_o noble_n at_o jenecopia_n after_o this_o king_n death_n there_o be_v a_o interregnum_fw-la for_o some_o small_a time_n during_o which_o all_o public_a business_n be_v manage_v by_o one_o benedictus_n bielke_n and_o nicolaus_n banner_n two_o principal_a officer_n of_o state_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n christophorus_n the_o five_o epocha_n be_v reckon_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la which_o be_v when_o the_o government_n be_v undertake_v by_o 123._o carolus_n viii_o canuti_n marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o stock_n of_o the_o ancient_a gothish_a king_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o throne_n he_o pretend_a title_n to_o gotlandia_n which_o the_o dane_n then_o possess_v and_o thereupon_o make_v war_n with_o christianus_n i_o king_n of_o denmark_n but_o with_o small_a success_n he_o lay_v upon_o his_o subject_n heavy_a and_o grievous_a tax_n and_o attempt_v to_o take_v away_o church_n land_n and_o pious_a donation_n lose_v the_o favour_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v by_o they_o expel_v or_o rather_o by_o the_o danish_a force_n drive_v out_o of_o his_o dominion_n his_o friend_n who_o he_o in_o his_o banishment_n trust_v himself_o with_o be_v casimirus_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o entertain_v he_o noble_o for_o seven_o year_n during_o which_o time_n sweden_n be_v govern_v by_o 124._o christiernus_fw-la i._n king_n of_o denmark_n call_v hither_o by_o the_o prevail_a faction_n but_o seize_v the_o public_a treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o commit_v many_o cruelty_n he_o be_v short_o after_o depose_v from_o be_v king_n and_o 125._o carolus_n canuti_n recall_v from_o dantzick_n and_o restore_v to_o the_o throne_n but_o be_v trouble_v with_o civil_a commotion_n at_o home_n chief_o manage_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o vpsal_n and_o endanger_v by_o the_o danish_a force_n from_o abroad_o command_v by_o the_o depose_v king_n christiernus_fw-la i._n he_o voluntary_o leave_v the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o appoint_v for_o his_o successor_n his_o nephew_n 126._o steno_n stir_v senior_n who_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o senate_n at_o stockholm_n rather_o as_o a_o protector_n than_o a_o absolute_a governor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o manage_v all_o public_a affair_n very_o happy_o and_o with_o great_a satisfaction_n to_o the_o people_n for_o a_o long_a time_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1491_o at_o which_o time_n he_o be_v accuse_v by_o the_o senate_n for_o act_v in_o several_a matter_n without_o their_o knowledge_n and_o advice_n for_o make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o riga_n against_o the_o teutonick_n order_n of_o which_o the_o russes_z taking_z advantage_n have_v make_v some_o inroad_n into_o livonia_n and_o finland_n and_o suchlike_a crime_n and_o thereupon_o by_o they_o turn_v out_o of_o all_o office_n the_o kingdom_n be_v confer_v on_o 127._o john_n ii_o son_n to_o christiern_n i._o king_n of_o denmark_n he_o take_v steno_n stir_v into_o favour_n and_o go_v as_o be_v then_o the_o custom_n to_o visit_v his_o dominion_n leave_v he_o viceroy_n at_o stockholm_n to_o manage_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o
pass_v all_o the_o merchant-ship_n which_o traffic_n in_o the_o baltic_a the_o breadth_n of_o it_o be_v about_o twelve_o german_a mile_n and_o the_o length_n eighteen_o this_o island_n be_v undoubted_o the_o ancient_a codanonia_n mention_v by_o pomponius_n mela_n which_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o the_o more_o modern_a word_n dania_n and_o denmark_n most_o of_o the_o danish_a etymologist_n derive_v seeland_n from_o soedland_n or_o seedland_n from_o the_o plenty_n of_o corn_n which_o this_o country_n afford_v other_o with_o great_a probability_n make_v the_o word_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o island_n or_o piece_n of_o ground_n encompass_v with_o the_o sea_n whence_o saxon_a grammaticus_n and_o several_a other_o ancient_a historian_n call_v it_o seelandia_n from_o the_o old_a danish_a word_n siam_fw-it or_o sio_n which_o be_v now_o turn_v into_o so_o and_o in_o our_o english_a tongue_n corrupt_v into_o sea_n in_o most_o or_o all_o of_o the_o ancient_a runic_a manuscript_n it_o be_v call_v soelunder_n or_o the_o seagrove_n the_o edda_n islandorum_n call_v it_o soelund_n and_o give_v we_o this_o account_n of_o the_o first_o original_n of_o the_o word_n there_o be_v former_o a_o certain_a king_n in_o sweden_n name_v gylfi_n who_o promise_v a_o asian_a sorceress_n call_v gesion_n who_o have_v please_v he_o with_o her_o melody_n as_o much_o land_n as_o four_o ox_n can_v plough_v up_o in_o one_o day_n and_o a_o night_n whereupon_o the_o old_a hag_n bring_v four_o of_o her_o son_n out_o of_o north_n jutland_n and_o turn_v they_o into_o as_o many_o ox_n cause_v they_o to_o plough_v up_o a_o large_a and_o deep_a furrow_n round_o this_o piece_n of_o ground_n which_o when_o the_o sea_n have_v fill_v up_o the_o land_n become_v a_o isle_n and_o be_v call_v seelund_n stephanius_n think_v ptolemy_n allude_v to_o this_o fable_n when_o speak_v of_o some_o island_n in_o the_o baltic_a he_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i.e._n beyond_o the_o cimbrian_a chersonese_n lie_v three_o island_n call_v alociae_fw-la from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o furrow_n copenhagen_n the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o island_n copenhagen_n copenhagen_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o east_n of_o seeland_n upon_o the_o seashore_n the_o dane_n call_v it_o kiobenhaun_n and_o the_o german_n copenhaven_n both_o which_o word_n be_v corruption_n of_o kiobmanshafen_n i.e._n portus_n mercatorum_fw-la as_o saxo_n somewhere_o call_v it_o mejerus_fw-la a_o learned_a frisian_a writer_n derive_v the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n from_o coppen_n which_o say_v he_o in_o the_o frisian_a language_n signify_v james_n and_o haven_n q.d._n st._n james_n haven_n but_o there_o be_v very_o little_a or_o no_o ground_n for_o any_o such_o derivation_n about_o the_o year_n 1168_o axil_v wide_o surname_v snare_n saxo_n call_v he_o absalon_n archbishop_n of_o denmark_n build_v a_o considerable_a fortification_n in_o the_o island_n in_o which_o now_o stand_v the_o castle_n this_o be_v call_v after_o his_o name_n axel-huys_a and_o be_v a_o good_a defence_n to_o the_o whole_a island_n against_o the_o daily_a incursion_n of_o pirate_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o this_o fort_n several_a fisherman_n and_o other_o that_o trade_v this_o way_n use_v to_o harbour_v their_o ship_n in_o security_n this_o cause_v a_o continual_a concourse_n of_o the_o native_n who_o resort_v hither_o to_o furnish_v the_o vessel_n with_o such_o provision_n as_o their_o country_n afford_v and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n lay_v the_o first_o rude_a draught_n of_o a_o city_n which_o at_o this_o day_n for_o strength_n trade_n beauty_n and_o bulk_n be_v not_o surpass_v by_o many_o in_o europe_n most_o of_o the_o danish_a king_n especial_o christian_n iu._n have_v be_v very_o active_a in_o beautify_v this_o city_n with_o a_o university_n church_n wall_n ditch_n etc._n etc._n james_n ecland_n bishop_n of_o roschild_n be_v the_o first_o that_o grant_v any_o privilege_n to_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1254._o these_o his_o successor_n ignatius_n confirm_v and_o they_o be_v afterward_o considerable_o enlarge_v by_o king_n waldemar_n in_o the_o year_n 1341_o and_o eric_n of_o pomeren_n in_o the_o year_n 1371._o christopher_n of_o bavaria_n endow_v it_o with_o municipal_a immunity_n like_o the_o other_o city_n of_o denmark_n in_o the_o year_n 1443._o all_o which_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o large_a charter_n of_o christian_a the_o three_o and_o frideric_n the_o second_o the_o citizen_n house_n till_o within_o these_o few_o year_n be_v very_o mean_a and_o low_a most_o of_o they_o patch_v up_o of_o wood_n and_o mortar_n but_o of_o late_o they_o be_v grow_v more_o curious_a and_o expensive_a in_o architecture_n and_o few_o of_o their_o street_n be_v without_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o fair_a brick_n building_n the_o cathedral_n church_n dedicate_v to_o st._n mary_n be_v beautify_v with_o a_o noble_a copper_n spire_n build_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o king_n christian_n the_o four_o the_o advowsance_n of_o this_o church_n belong_v to_o the_o professor_n in_o the_o university_n the_o marketplace_n be_v exceed_o spacious_a and_o no_o small_a ornament_n to_o the_o town_n beside_o these_o the_o king_n palace_n the_o arsenal_n which_o perhaps_o excel_v any_o thing_n that_o europe_n afford_v in_o this_o kind_n the_o observatory_n or_o runde_n taarn_v and_o the_o adjoin_a university_n church_n and_o library_n the_o exchange_n etc._n etc._n be_v place_n rich_o worth_a the_o see_n and_o deserve_v a_o large_a description_n than_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o short_a account_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n will_v permit_v the_o city_n be_v govern_v by_o four_o burgomaster_n one_o whereof_o be_v regent_n or_o precedent_n for_o his_o life_n this_o honour_n be_v at_o present_a confer_v on_o that_o worthy_a and_o learned_a person_n p._n john_n resenius_n professor_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n in_o the_o university_n at_o copenhagen_n and_o counsellor_n to_o the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n with_o he_o most_o of_o the_o other_o professor_n of_o note_n in_o this_o university_n as_o william_n langius_n former_o tutor_n to_o this_o present_a king_n christian_n the_o five_o erasmus_n vindingius_fw-la professor_n of_o history_n and_o geography_n and_o author_n of_o the_o academia_n hafniensis_n which_o give_v we_o a_o exact_a account_n of_o all_o the_o famous_a man_n that_o have_v ever_o flourish_v in_o this_o university_n thomas_n and_o erasmus_n bartholini_n both_o well_o know_v by_o their_o incomparable_a work_n etc._n etc._n be_v at_o this_o day_n minister_n of_o state_n in_o the_o court_n of_o denmark_n and_o keep_v only_o the_o title_n and_o pension_n of_o professor_n without_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o duty_n selandiae_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la daniae_fw-la insulae_fw-la chorographica_n descriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n viro_fw-la illustri_fw-la ac_fw-la gentroso_fw-la dno_fw-la georgio_n seefeldo_n haereditario_fw-la in_o reffes_n regni_fw-la daniae_fw-la senatori_fw-la ac_fw-la judici_fw-la provintiali_fw-la selandico_n domino_fw-la ac_fw-la patrono_fw-la plurimum_fw-la honorando_fw-la d._n d._n d._n johannes_n janssonius_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o great_a town_n and_o place_n of_o note_n in_o this_o island_n be_v roschild_n roschild_n 1._o roschild_n which_o take_v its_o name_n from_o a_o river_n run_v by_o the_o town_n which_o drive_v seven_o mill_n roe_n in_o the_o ancient_a danish_a tongue_n signify_v a_o king_n and_o kill_v a_o stream_n of_o water_n it_o be_v former_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o of_o late_a year_n this_o city_n have_v decay_v and_o copenhagen_n grow_v so_o fast_o that_o it_o be_v scarce_o remarkable_a for_o any_o thing_n at_o this_o day_n save_o the_o great_a old_a cathedral_n the_o bury_a place_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o some_o small_a trade_n this_o city_n be_v first_o make_v a_o bishop_n see_v by_o suenotho_n king_n of_o england_n denmark_n sweden_n and_o norway_n about_o the_o year_n 1012._o who_o give_v the_o bishopric_n of_o roschild_n which_o be_v now_o swallow_v up_o of_o copenhagen_n to_o gerebrand_n a_o monk_n afterward_o sueno_n gratenhede_v fortify_v it_o with_o a_o wall_n ditch_n and_o bulwark_n lyscander_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v once_o no_o less_o than_o twenty_o seven_o fair_a church_n in_o this_o town_n among_o these_o i_o suppose_v he_o reckon_v the_o chapel_n build_v by_o king_n harald_n svenotho_n father_n in_o which_o both_o he_o and_o his_o son_n who_o dead_a corpse_n be_v carry_v out_o of_o england_n to_o roschild_n to_o be_v bury_v be_v entomb_v in_o the_o old_a cathedral_n among_o many_o other_o rich_a monument_n in_o honour_n of_o several_a of_o the_o danish_a king_n and_o queen_n stand_v a_o fair_a marble_n pillar_n which_o margaret_n queen_n of_o denmark_n erect_v on_o purpose_n to_o hang_v thereon_o the_o whetstone_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o it_o with_o a_o chain_n which_o albert_n king_n of_o
superad_v to_o the_o title_n of_o freyherr_n to_o denote_v the_o antiquity_n of_o those_o four_o who_o bear_v this_o name_n in_o the_o rank_n of_o baron_n paurmeister_n give_v his_o opinion_n of_o the_o case_n propose_v in_o these_o word_n ego_fw-la baronum_fw-la genera_fw-la nulla_fw-la esse_fw-la arbitror_fw-la &_o quocunque_fw-la nomine_fw-la semper-freyen_a freyherrn_n edle_o herrn_n vel_fw-la singulariter_fw-la freyen_fw-mi herrn_n edle_o well_fw-mi die_v edle_n appellantur_fw-la nobilitate_fw-la ac_fw-la dignitate_fw-la pares_fw-la esse_fw-la omnes_fw-la enim_fw-la generali_fw-la vocabulo_fw-la herrn_fw-la comprehenduntur_fw-la ut_fw-la perpetuo_fw-la habet_fw-la decretorum_fw-la comitiorum_fw-la subscriptio_fw-la von_n der_fw-mi graven_n und_fw-ge herrn_fw-ge wegen_fw-ge i._n e._n i_o do_v not_o think_v there_o be_v any_o different_a kind_n of_o baron_n but_o that_o whatever_o title_n they_o may_v have_v whether_o semper-freyen_a freyherrn_n edle_o herrn_n freyen_fw-mi herrn_v or_o edle_n they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o notwithstanding_o of_o equal_a nobility_n and_o dignity_n since_o they_o all_o agree_v in_o the_o general_a title_n of_o herrn_n as_o we_o find_v the_o decree_n ancient_o pass_v in_o the_o diet_n subscribe_v von_n der_fw-mi graven_n und_fw-ge herrn_fw-ge wegen_fw-ge i._n e._n by_o assent_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o count_n and_o baron_n and_o as_o herrn_n be_v a_o common_a name_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o german_a baron_n so_o be_v herrschaft_n a_o general_a name_n for_o a_o barony_n which_o two_o word_n the_o high_a dutch_a use_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o we_o do_v lord_n and_o lordship_n we_o see_v then_o what_o the_o title_n of_o freyherr_a signify_v â—â—â—on_n â—â—â—on_n and_o in_o the_o modern_a writing_n of_o the_o german_n we_o seldom_o or_o never_o meet_v with_o the_o word_n baron_fw-fr though_o this_o be_v as_o ordinary_a in_o spain_n italy_n france_n and_o england_n as_o the_o former_a be_v in_o germany_n however_o schottelius_fw-la who_o make_v as_o diligent_a enquiry_n into_o the_o ancient_a monument_n and_o record_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n as_o any_o man_n whatever_o assure_v we_o that_o bar_n or_o baar_n in_o old_a teutonic_n manuscript_n signify_v a_o baron_n and_o be_v common_o there_o use_v instead_o of_o the_o more_o modern_a word_n freyherr_a and_o possible_o there_o may_v be_v as_o just_a ground_n for_o derive_v baro_n from_o the_o high_a dutch_a as_o either_o the_o latin_a or_o greek_a for_o the_o latin_a word_n virro_n signify_v a_o man_n separate_v and_o distinct_a from_o the_o vulgar_a by_o his_o virtue_n whence_o the_o generality_n of_o critic_n derive_v baro_n have_v in_o all_o probability_n be_v borrow_v of_o the_o high_a dutch_a in_o who_o ancient_a law_n baro_n or_o barus_n and_o foemina_fw-la do_v usual_o occur_v for_o a_o man_n or_o woman_n the_o english_a saxon_n call_v a_o man_n Æ¿er_n or_o Æ¿ar_v which_o the_o old_a frank_n turn_v into_o berinthia_n and_o afterward_o paro_n in_o junius_n edition_n of_o the_o codex_fw-la argenteus_n the_o gothic_a word_n wair_n be_v use_v for_o man_n and_z waire_z in_o the_o plural_a for_o man_n sometime_o instead_o of_o baron_n the_o german_n use_v the_o title_n of_o bannerherr_a â—â—nner-herr_a â—â—nner-herr_a or_o panner-herr_a which_o may_v be_v render_v dominus_fw-la vexillifer_fw-la and_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o banneret_n i_o can_v certain_o affirm_v that_o the_o word_n bannerherr_a though_o ordinary_o meet_v with_o in_o german_a writer_n be_v ever_o make_v use_n of_o to_o denote_v any_o high_a dutch_a title_n of_o honour_n but_o only_o to_o express_v the_o honorary_a title_n of_o other_o nation_n what_o a_o chivalier_n banneret_n or_o knight_n banneret_n which_o the_o german_n usual_o render_v bannerherr_a do_v signify_v may_v be_v learn_v from_o the_o account_n which_o the_o author_n of_o la_fw-fr division_n du_fw-fr mond_fw-fr give_v of_o it_o pour_v fair_a say_v he_o un_fw-fr chevalier_n banneret_n cest_fw-fr quant_fw-fr il_fw-fr a_o longement_n suyvy_fw-fr les_fw-fr guerre_v et_fw-fr que_fw-fr il_fw-fr a_fw-fr assez_fw-fr terres_fw-la et_fw-fr revenue_n tant_fw-fr que_fw-fr il_fw-fr peult_n tenir_fw-fr et_fw-fr soudoyer_fw-fr cinquant_n gentiles_n home_n pour_fw-fr accompagnier_fw-fr sa_fw-fr banniere_n lord_fw-mi il_fw-fr peult_n licitement_n lever_n ladit_fw-la banniere_n et_fw-fr non_fw-fr autrement_fw-fr car_fw-fr nul_fw-fr autre_fw-fr home_fw-fr ne_fw-fr pvit_fw-fr porter_n banniere_n en_fw-fr battaile_n sil_fw-fr n'a_fw-fr cinquant_a home_n prestz_fw-fr pour_fw-fr battailler_n which_o story_n of_o maintain_v fifty_o man_n under_o he_o to_o accompany_v his_o banner_n be_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o old_a print_a copy_n of_o gesta_fw-la romanorum_fw-la in_o french_a notwithstanding_o the_o assertion_n of_o some_o late_a author_n that_o a_o banneret_n need_v have_v no_o more_o than_o twenty-five_o some_o say_v ten_o man_n under_o he_o the_o german_n call_v a_o knight_n ritter_n â—â—tter_n â—â—tter_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o the_o latin_n style_v he_o eques_fw-la because_o this_o title_n be_v former_o never_o confer_v upon_o any_o man_n that_o have_v not_o perform_v some_o gallant_a exploit_n in_o the_o field_n and_o who_o be_v dub_v knight_n by_o be_v accouter_v with_o a_o sword_n and_o pair_n of_o spur_n one_o of_o our_o ancient_a english_a poet_n dan._n lydgate_n give_v we_o a_o full_a explication_n of_o the_o title_n of_o ritter_n in_o these_o word_n eques_fw-la ab_fw-la equo_fw-la be_v say_v of_o very_a right_n and_o chevalier_n be_v say_v of_o chivalry_n in_o which_o a_o rider_n call_v be_v a_o knight_n arragoner_n do_v also_o specify_v caballiero_n through_o all_o that_o party_n be_v name_n of_o worship_n and_o so_o take_v his_o '_o ginning_n of_o spur_n of_o gold_n and_o chief_o ride_v the_o first_o original_n of_o dub_a of_o knight_n with_o a_o sword_n come_v probable_o from_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o northern_a nation_n of_o gird_v their_o young_a man_n with_o a_o sword_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arms._n nihil_fw-la say_v tacitus_n speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a german_n neque_fw-la publicae_fw-la neque_fw-la privatae_fw-la rei_fw-la nisi_fw-la armati_fw-la agunt_fw-la sed_fw-la arma_fw-la sumere_fw-la non_fw-la ante_fw-la cviquam_fw-la moris_fw-la quam_fw-la civitas_n suffecturum_fw-la probaverit_fw-la tum_o in_o ipso_fw-la concilio_fw-la vel_fw-la principum_fw-la aliquis_fw-la vel_fw-la pater_fw-la vel_fw-la propinquus_n scuto_fw-la frameaque_fw-la juvenem_fw-la ornant_fw-la haec_fw-la apud_fw-la illos_fw-la toga_fw-la hic_fw-la primus_fw-la juventae_fw-la honos_fw-la ante_fw-la hoc_fw-la domus_fw-la pars_fw-la videntur_fw-la mox_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la beside_o this_o ceremony_n of_o give_v a_o lance_n or_o target_n to_o such_o as_o be_v admit_v member_n of_o the_o empire_n they_o have_v another_o way_n of_o adopt_v son_n per_fw-la arma_fw-la thus_o theodoric_n king_n of_o the_o eastern_a goth_n in_o italy_n adopt_v the_o king_n of_o the_o heruli_n by_o a_o charter_n still_o extant_a in_o cassiodorus_n northern_a history_n and_o hence_o justin_n the_o elder_a be_v about_o to_o adopt_v cosroes_n the_o king_n of_o persia_n son_n be_v advise_v by_o proclus_n his_o chancellor_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o procopius_n speak_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n that_o it_o shall_v be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n who_o do_v not_o adopt_v son_n by_o write_v but_o by_o arms._n there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o several_a order_n of_o knighthood_n in_o germany_n as_o in_o most_o other_o european_a nation_n knighthood_n order_n of_o knighthood_n if_o we_o except_o those_o who_o have_v any_o honour_n and_o title_n of_o some_o particular_a order_n send_v they_o from_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n england_n and_o denmark_n for_o from_o these_o prince_n several_a duke_n count_n and_o other_o grandee_n of_o the_o empire_n receive_v the_o honorary_a title_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n the_o garter_n and_o the_o elephant_n the_o teutonic_n order_n of_o knighthood_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v something_o before_o in_o the_o description_n of_o prussia_n be_v first_o institute_v under_o the_o wall_n of_o acon_n or_o ptolemais_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n although_o jacob_n de_fw-fr vitriaco_n polydore_n vergilius_n gretser_n and_o several_a other_o historian_n of_o good_a note_n make_v the_o order_n much_o more_o ancient_a after_o the_o city_n be_v take_v by_o the_o christian_n these_o new_a knight_n who_o be_v most_o of_o they_o citizen_n of_o lubec_n and_o bremen_n fix_v themselves_o at_o a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v sometime_o style_v equites_fw-la mariani_n here_o they_o be_v settle_v under_o henry_n walpot_n von_fw-mi passenheim_n their_o first_o great_a master_n in_o the_o year_n 1190._o afterward_o when_o the_o christian_n be_v beat_v out_o of_o syria_n they_o remove_v to_o venice_n and_o thence_o to_o marpurg_n in_o hassia_n where_o as_o in_o several_a other_o part_n of_o germany_n their_o convent_n be_v endow_v with_o fair_a revenue_n whence_o some_o fancy_n they_o first_o get_v the_o name_n of_o equites_fw-la
jo._n hawtrey_n fellow_n of_o king_n coll._n camb._n robert_n hawtrey_n esq_n of_o rillip_n in_o middlesex_n peter_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr hay_o of_o westminster_n tho._n hayes_n of_o crattfield_n in_o suffolk_n edward_n haynes_n esq_n nicholas_n hayward_n pub._n notary_n of_o london_n charles_n hearl_n tho._n henshaw_n esq_n of_o kensington_n middlesex_n john_n herbert_n esq_n sir_n john_n hew_o of_o yorkshire_n charles_n hickman_n m._n a._n of_o ch._n ch._n oxon._n samuel_n hieron_n m._n a._n of_o huniton_n in_o devon_n thomas_n hillersden_n esq_n of_o elstow_n in_o bedf._n abraham_n hill_n esq_n of_o london_n rich._n hill_n canon_n resid_v of_o sarum_n thomas_n hill_n esq_n of_o silton_n in_o shropsh_n samuel_n hoadley_n of_o tottenham-highcross_a tho._n holbech_n d._n d._n mr._n of_o emanuel_n coll._n cambridg_n tho._n holdsworth_n dean_n of_o midleham_n in_o yor._n patrick_n home_n esq_n barth_n van_fw-mi homrigh_n merchant_n in_o amsterd_n robert_n hook_n esq_n of_o gresham_n coll._n lond._n walter_n hooper_n esq_n of_o stokebury_n in_o kent_n anthony_n horneck_n b._n d._n of_o the_o savoy_n george_n horsnell_n citizen_n of_o london_n sr._n richard_n how_n bar._n of_o compton_n in_o glouc._n ferd._n hudleston_n esq_n of_o millon-castle_n cumb._n mr._n humphries_n rector_n of_o barton_n in_o the_o clay_n sr._n tho._n hussey_n bar._n of_o lincolnshire_n will._n hussey_n merchant_n of_o london_n john_n huxley_n esq_n of_o broseley_n in_o shropshire_n tho._n huxley_n fellow_n of_o jesus_n coll._n oxon._n harry_n hyrne_n of_o kensington_n in_o middlesex_n sir_n leoline_n jenkins_n principal_a secretary_n of_o state_n will._n jackson_n m._n d._n of_o nantwich_n ja._n jacobson_n esq_n mr._n of_o the_o steel-yard_n tho._n james_n d._n d._n warden_n of_o all-soul_n coll._n oxon._n will._n jane_n d._n d._n reg._n prof._n in_o oxon._n nich._n johnson_n esq_n edward_n johnson_n of_o oxford_n peter_n joy_n merchant_n of_o london_n sr._n tho._n isham_n bar._n of_o lamport_n northampt._n anthony_n earl_n of_o kent_n thomas_n kerby_n merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n charles_n killigrew_n esq_n abraham_n kick_v merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n will._n kinsmill_n of_o sydmonton_n esq_n in_o hampsh_n sir_n n._n knatchbull_n kt_n bar._n of_o marsham_n in_o kent_n john_n duke_n of_o lauderdale_n george_z earl_n of_o linlithgow_n general_n of_o his_o majesty_n force_n in_o scotland_n ferd_n alefeild_n count_n of_o langland_n and_o rixingen_n great_a chancellor_n to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n henry_n ld._n bp._n of_o london_n thomas_n ld._n bp._n of_o lincoln_n christian_n lindenaw_n chamberlain_n to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o envoy_n extraordinary_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n edward_n lake_n d._n d._n sr._n james_n langham_n bar._n of_o cottesbrook_n northamptonshire_n sr._n william_n langham_n of_o walgrave_n henry_n langly_n esq_n of_o shrewsbury_n john_n langley_n esq_n of_o amias_n shrop._n thomas_n langly_n esq_n henry_n lavor_fw-la esq_n john_n lawson_n m._n d._n london_n eldred_n lancelot_n lee_n esq_n of_o cotton_n in_o the_o county_n of_o salopp_n esq_n dan._n leblon_n merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n sr._n nicholas_n lestrange_n bar._n of_o norfolk_n roger_n lestrange_n esq_n sr._n peter_n lely_n of_o london_n vv._n levinz_n m._n d._n precedent_n of_o st._n john_n c._n ox._n thomas_n lewis_n esq_n thomas_n lewis_n merchant_n of_o london_n john_n lewknor_n esq_n of_o west_n dean_n sussex_n edm._n long_o esq_n of_o linehams_n court_n wiltsh_fw-mi sr._n james_n long_o of_o wiltshire_n mr._n lovel_n citizen_n of_o london_n john_n lloyd_n d._n d._n principal_a of_o jesus_n coll._n oxon._n will._n lloyd_n d._n d._n dean_n of_o bangor_n robert_n lovet_n esq_n richard_n lucas_n minister_n in_o coleman-street_n london_n narcissus_n lutterel_n esq_n edward_n lutwych_n esq_n james_n duke_n of_o monmouth_n chancellor_n of_o the_o university_n of_o cambridg_n james_n marquis_n of_o montross_n robert_n earl_n of_o manchester_n charles_n ld._n viscount_n mordaunt_n william_n ld._n maynard_n george_n ld._n dela_n mere_n sr._n john_n skiffiington_n of_o fishenwick_n bar._n ld._n viscount_n massereene_a loreng_n muller_n envoy_n from_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswick_n richard_n maiteland_n esq_n sr._n george_n mackenzie_n ld._n advocate_n of_o scotland_n sr._n george_n mackenzie_n ld._n of_o torbet_n ralph_n macro_n m._n d._n london_n robert_n maddox_n esq_n sr._n thomas_n mainwaring_n bar._n of_o pever_n in_o cheshire_n rawlin_fw-ge mallack_n esq_n of_o cockington_n devon_n will._n man_n esq_n swordbearer_n to_o the_o ld._n mayor_n of_o london_n thomas_n manning_n of_o london_n gerhardus_fw-la martens_n m._n a._n and_o minister_n of_o the_o german-church_n london_n narcissus_n marsh_n s._n t._n p._n provost_n of_o trinity_n college_n in_o dublin_n john_n marsham_n esq_n of_o cuxton_n kent_n thomas_n master_n esq_n of_o ciciter_fw-la sr._n john_n matthews_n robert_n maylin_n esq_n of_o binnie_n john_n morris_n esq_n of_o london_n henry_n maurice_n fellow_n of_o jesus_n coll._n ox._n isaac_n may_v merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n clement_n mayo_n esq_n edmond_n meadow_n esq_n ro._n mien_n esq_n postmaster_n of_o scotland_n sr._n richard_n meredith_n bar._n of_o denbishire_n ionas_n more_o esq_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n john_n meriton_n d._n d._n rector_n of_o st_n michael_n cornhill_n london_n roger_n meredith_n esq_n secretary_n of_o the_o king_n embassy_n in_o holland_n sr._n tho._n midleton_n bar._n of_o denbishire_n john_n millington_n esq_n of_o newich_n edward_n mill_n of_o the_o temple_n walter_n mill_n m._n d._n adiell_n mill_n citizen_n of_o london_n william_n molyneux_n of_o dublin_n owen_n morgan_n esq_n will._n morton_n d._n d._n dean_n of_o xt._n church_n dublin_n will._n moses_n esq_n of_o london_n luke_n mott_n fellow_n of_o caius_n coll._n camb._n james_n earl_n of_o northampton_n george_n earl_n of_o northumberland_n james_n ld._n norreys_n francis_n viscount_n newport_n and_o baron_n of_o high_a archoll_n charles_n ld._n north_n and_o grey_n baron_n of_o kirtling_n and_o rollston_n andrew_n newport_n esq_n sr._n john_n napper_n bar._n of_o luton_n bedfordshire_n georg_n neale_n m._n d._n of_o leeds_n yorkshire_n jasper_n needham_n m._n d._n london_n walter_n needham_n honorary_a fellow_n of_o the_o king_n coll._n of_o physician_n sr._n paul_n neile_n of_o codnor_n in_o derbyshire_n goddard_n nelthrop_n esq_n of_o charter-house-yard_n london_n edward_n nicholas_n esq_n of_o hitcham_n edward_n nicholas_n esq_n john_n nchol_n esq_n secretary_n to_o the_o ld._n chancellor_n john_n nicholls_n esq_n of_o trewane_n in_o cornw_n will._n nicolson_n fellow_n of_o queen_n coll._n oxon_n will._n nott_n bookbinder_n to_o the_o queen_n majesty_n tho._n novel_a m._n d._n london_n james_n duke_n of_o ormond_n ld._n lieutenant_n of_o ireland_n and_o chancellor_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxon._n thomas_z earl_n of_o ossory_n awbrey_n earl_n of_o oxford_n john_n ld._n bp._n of_o oxon_n sr._n thomas_n ogle_n of_o lincolnshire_n will._n oliver_n bookseller_n in_o norwich_n rich._n owen_n d._n d._n rector_n of_o st._n swithin_n and_o of_o st._n mary_n bothaw_n london_n sr._n henry_n oxenden_n bar._n of_o dean_n in_o kent_n college_n in_o oxford_n which_o have_v subscribe_v be_v all_o soul_n coll._n tho._n james_n d._n d._n warden_n brazen-nose_n tho._n yate_n d._n d._n principal_a bailioll_n john_n venn_n mr._n christ_n church_n john_n ld._n bp._n of_o oxon_n dean_n corpus_fw-la christi_fw-la dr._n newlin_n precedent_n edmund_n hall_n stephen_n penton_n principal_a exeter_n arthur_n berry_n d._n d._n rector_n jesus_n john_n lloyd_n d._n d._n principal_a st._n john_n will._n levinz_n m._n d._n precedent_n lincoln_n tho._n marshal_n d._n d._n rector_n magdalen_n henry_n clark_n m._n d._n precedent_n merton_n sr._n thomas_n clayton_n warden_n new_a coll._n dr._n beeston_n warden_n oriel_n robert_n say_v d._n d._n provost_n pembroke_n john_n hall_n d._n d._n master_n queen_n tim._n halton_n d._n d._n provost_n and_o vicechancellor_n trinity_n ralph_n bathurst_n m._n d._n precedent_n university_n obadiah_n walker_n master_n wadham_n gil._n ironside_n d._n d._n warden_n william_n ld._n herbert_n earl_n of_o powis_n charles_n earl_n of_o plymouth_n james_n earl_n of_o perth_n william_n ld._n bp._n of_o peterborough_n william_n ld._n paget_n sr._n tho._n page_n provost_n of_o king_n coll._n cambr._n justinian_n pagit_n esq_n allington_n painter_n esq_n will._n palliser_n d._n d._n reg._n prof._n in_o dublin_n thomas_n papilion_n merchant_n in_o london_n richard_n parr_n d._n d._n of_o camberwell_n george_n payn_n fell._n com._n of_o clare_n hall_n camb._n robert_n payn_n esq_n will._n peachey_n esq_n of_o new-grove_n sussex_n robert_n pease_n merchant_n in_o amsterdam_n will._n peisley_n esq_n of_o the_o temple_n john_n pell_n d._n d._n mr._n pell_v of_o st._n martin_n ludgate_n lond._n sam._n pepys_n esq_n sr._n philip_n percival_n bar._n of_o ireland_n ralph_n petley_n esq_n high_a sheriff_n of_o kent_n william_n pett_n citizen_n of_o london_n alexander_n pitfeild_n of_o hoxdon_n middlesex_n esq_n robert_n pleydall_a esq_n robert_n plott_n l._n l._n d._n of_o university_n coll._n oxon._n sr._n
which_o be_v deny_v and_o the_o island_n affirm_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o 1616_o the_o company_n send_v eight_o sail_n of_o great_a ship_n and_o two_o pinnace_n which_o be_v all_o appoint_a to_o several_a harbour_n return_v with_o full_a lade_n beside_o a_o overplus_n they_o leave_v on_o shore_n this_o year_n they_o discover_v edges-island_n where_o they_o kill_v 1000_o morss_n and_o other_o island_n northeastward_a the_o hollander_n send_v four_o ship_n who_o make_v a_o bad_a voyage_n in_o 1617._o the_o english_a send_v out_o fourteen_o ship_n and_o two_o pinnace_n they_o depart_v from_o gravesend_n april_n 24_o and_o arrive_v at_o greenland_n may_v 28_o where_o they_o meet_v with_o eleven_o sail_n of_o dutch_a fish_v in_o horn-sound_n who_o they_o force_v away_o and_o take_v from_o they_o what_o they_o have_v catch_v as_o also_o the_o king_n subject_n which_o be_v find_v in_o their_o ship_n this_o year_n they_o make_v 1900_o tun_n of_o oil_n they_o send_v also_o a_o small_a ship_n northeastward_a which_o discover_v wyches-island_n in_o 79_o deg_fw-la and_o some_o other_o place_n where_o they_o kill_v store_n of_o morss_n this_o year_n the_o hull-man_n send_v a_o ship_n or_o two_o to_o greenland_n and_o pretend_v that_o it_o be_v their_o discovery_n which_o be_v by_o oath_n in_o the_o admiralty_n prove_v to_o be_v false_a the_o dutch_a also_o do_v the_o same_o in_o 1518_o a_o hull-man_n meet_v with_o some_o zelander_n animate_v they_o to_o go_v to_o greenland_n and_o in_o horn-sound_n to_o make_v a_o voyage_n perforce_o but_o the_o english_a chase_v they_o from_o thence_o take_v some_o of_o their_o good_n beside_o some_o ordinance_n and_o ammunition_n which_o be_v afterward_o restore_v a_o new_a company_n also_o of_o some_o english_a scot_n and_o zelander_n procure_v a_o grant_n for_o set_v forth_o ship_n to_o those_o part_n which_o cause_v the_o former_a adventurer_n to_o join_v to_o they_o the_o east-india_n company_n who_o set_v out_o that_o year_n thirteen_o ship_n and_o two_o pinnace_n but_o be_v disappoint_v and_o some_o of_o they_o fight_v with_o rob_v and_o worsted_n by_o a_o fleet_n of_o twentythree_a sail_n of_o zealanders_n who_o come_v thither_o on_o purpose_n so_o that_o prove_v a_o very_a unfortunate_a voyage_n in_o 1619_o nine_o ship_n be_v send_v which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o hollander_n be_v there_o before_o they_o and_o drive_v away_o the_o whale_n from_o the_o fish_n place_n make_v also_o a_o lose_a voyage_n beside_o another_o misfortune_n for_o as_o one_o of_o their_o best_a ship_n lay_v at_o anchor_n under_o a_o mountain_n a_o great_a piece_n of_o a_o rock_n of_o ice_n break_v off_o and_o fall_v upon_o the_o ship_n kill_v divers_a and_o wound_a more_o and_o so_o break_v the_o ship_n that_o she_o be_v very_o difficult_o fit_v up_o to_o serve_v home_o and_o when_o they_o come_v home_o the_o dutch_a who_o have_v full_o jade_v so_o much_o undersell_v they_o that_o they_o be_v very_o much_o discourage_v and_o give_v over_o their_o trade_n thither_o but_o mr._n ralph_n freeman_n with_o a_o few_o more_o of_o the_o companion_n still_o continue_v and_o in_o 1620_o set_v out_o seven_o sail_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o so_o many_o hollander_n and_o dane_n return_v half_o lade_v and_o in_o 1621._o eight_o ship_n go_v out_o which_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o harm_n the_o dutch_a do_v they_o bring_v a_o reasonable_a good_a adventure_n of_o 1100_o tun_n of_o oil_n in_o 1622_o nine_o ship_n be_v send_v one_o whereof_o be_v wrack_v upon_o the_o ice_n the_o other_o bring_v home_o 1300_o tun_n of_o oil_n we_o find_v nothing_o worth_a relate_v till_o 1630_o when_o the_o company_n set_v out_o a_o ship_n wats_n â—ut_v of_o the_o relation_n publish_v by_o dr._n w._n wats_n command_v by_o william_n goodler_n who_o land_v in_o bell-sound_n and_o quick_o make_v up_o his_o lade_n send_v for_o the_o ship_n to_o come_v to_o take_v it_o in_o the_o wind_n prove_v to_o be_v contrary_a so_o the_o master_n set_v on_o shore_n eight_o of_o his_o man_n to_o kill_v they_o some_o deer_n who_o take_v with_o they_o two_o dog_n a_o gun_n two_o lance_n and_o a_o tinderbox_n the_o first_o day_n they_o kill_v fourteen_o deer_n but_o be_v weary_a and_o the_o night_n come_v on_o they_o lay_v they_o down_o to_o sleep_v in_o the_o convenient_a place_n they_o can_v find_v the_o next_o day_n prove_v very_o foggy_a and_o so_o much_o ice_n be_v get_v betwixt_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o ship_n that_o the_o ship_n be_v force_v to_o stand_v so_o far_o off_o into_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o lose_v the_o sight_n of_o she_o so_o they_o resolve_v to_o hunt_v till_o they_o come_v to_o green-harbour_n where_o they_o will_v stay_v for_o their_o ship_n in_o this_o passage_n they_o kill_v eight_o deer_n more_o with_o which_o they_o jade_v their_o shallop_z and_o come_v to_o green-harbour_n where_o when_o they_o arrive_v they_o find_v that_o the_o ship_n be_v go_v thence_o they_o resolve_v therefore_o to_o hasten_v to_o bell-sound_n to_o their_o captain_n and_o for_o the_o more_o speed_n they_o cast_v their_o venison_n overboard_o into_o the_o sea_n so_o they_o sail_v all_o that_o night_n and_o the_o next_o day_n but_o have_v no_o compass_n they_o wander_v to_o and_o again_o so_o long_o till_o the_o ship_n be_v depart_v thence_o also_o these_o eight_o person_n see_v themselves_o in_o almost_o a_o desperate_a condition_n resolve_v however_o not_o to_o be_v want_v to_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o therefore_o they_o present_o go_v about_o to_o get_v provision_n for_o the_o long_a winter_n the_o first_o day_n they_o kill_v seven_o deer_n and_o four_o bear_n the_o next_o six_o deer_n but_o the_o night_n come_v upon_o they_o and_o leave_v their_o provision_n in_o their_o shallop_z there_o arise_v a_o very_a high_a wind_n which_o sink_v their_o shallop_z and_o in_o the_o morning_n they_o find_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o their_o store_n swim_v by_o the_o shore_n which_o with_o great_a labour_n and_o some_o danger_n they_o recover_v as_o also_o their_o shallop_z which_o by_o main_a force_n they_o hale_v upon_o the_o shore_n the_o next_o thing_n be_v to_o provide_v their_o habitation_n for_o which_o purpose_n they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o tent_n wherein_o the_o cooper_n use_v to_o work_v which_o be_v make_v of_o timber_n and_o board_n cover_v with_o flemish_a tile_n which_o be_v unable_a to_o resist_v the_o cold_a they_o build_v another_o tent_n or_o house_n within_o it_o twenty_o foot_n long_o and_o sixteen_o broad_a and_o stow_v the_o distance_n with_o earth_n bone_n of_o fish_n fritture_v of_o whale_n and_o such_o old_a timber_n as_o they_o can_v gather_v up_o of_o break_a shallop_n and_o the_o like_a of_o which_o they_o make_v the_o best_a provision_n they_o can_v lay_v it_o upon_o the_o beam_n that_o be_v under_o the_o tile_n they_o make_v also_o four_o cabin_n two_o to_o a_o cabin_n and_o furnish_v they_o with_o the_o skin_n of_o bear_n deer_n and_o fox_n they_o have_v catch_v beside_o piece_n of_o old_a sail_n they_o find_v there_o have_v accommodate_v these_o thing_n they_o go_v out_o again_o to_o search_v for_o more_o provision_n and_o upon_o the_o ice_n they_o find_v two_o morss_n sleep_v they_o kill_v they_o both_o and_o roast_v they_o in_o their_o tent_n and_o eat_v they_o at_o leisure_n review_v their_o provision_n they_o find_v it_o unsufficient_a to_o serve_v half_o the_o winter_n and_o therefore_o they_o first_o limit_v themselves_o to_o one_o meal_n a_o day_n and_o afterward_o cut_v off_o one_o meal_n in_o a_o week_n more_o and_o so_o many_o meal_n they_o feed_v upon_o the_o fritture_v of_o the_o whale_n reserve_v their_o venison_n for_o sickness_n and_o holiday_n this_o they_o preserve_v by_o roast_v and_o stow_v it_o in_o their_o empty_a cask_n which_o they_o find_v there_o before_o they_o be_v well_o provide_v they_o begin_v to_o want_v light_n for_o from_o october_n the_o fourteen_o till_o february_n the_o three_o they_o have_v not_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o in_o clear_a weather_n they_o want_v not_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v a_o great_a advantage_n and_o consolation_n unto_o they_o for_o look_v out_o on_o a_o bright_a moon-shining_a day_n they_o espy_v a_o great_a she-bear_a with_o her_o cub_n come_v towards_o the_o tent_n they_o fight_v with_o and_o kill_v she_o but_o the_o cub_n escape_v they_o hale_v she_o into_o their_o tent_n and_o feed_v upon_o she_o twenty_o day_n her_o flesh_n be_v tolerable_o pleasant_a and_o wholesome_a but_o the_o liver_n make_v their_o skin_n to_o peel_n off_o which_o be_v also_o observe_v by_o the_o dutch_a that_o winter_a in_o nova-zembla_n many_o bear_n afterward_o come_v to_o visit_v they_o at_o least_o forty_o but_o they_o can_v kill_v no_o more_o than_o seven_o one_o
each_o side_n four_o foot_n a_o head_n like_o a_o acorn_n with_o four_o horn_n 2._o the_o sawfish_n which_o have_v a_o long_a snout_n on_o either_o side_n set_v with_o tooth_n like_o a_o saw_n he_o seldom_o give_v over_o the_o whale_n till_o he_o have_v kill_v he_o he_o eat_v up_o his_o tongue_n and_o nothing_o else_o 3._o the_o hay_n from_o two_o to_o three_o fathom_n long_o round_o and_o small_a a_o sharp_a snout_n and_o three_o row_n of_o tooth_n in_o his_o mouth_n with_o which_o he_o will_v bite_v great_a piece_n out_o of_o the_o whale_n and_o sometime_o eat_v up_o all_o the_o fat_a the_o fisherman_n have_v find_v whale_n half_o devour_v by_o they_o they_o be_v take_v with_o a_o bait_n fasten_v to_o a_o hook_n with_o a_o iron_n chain_n for_o a_o rope_n they_o will_v present_o sheer_a asunder_o the_o whale_n when_o the_o sea_n begin_v to_o freeze_v go_v southward_o disperse_v themselves_o some_o unto_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n some_o few_o this_o way_n and_o many_o keep_v in_o the_o deep_a and_o wide_a ocean_n where_o the_o basques_n who_o say_v that_o the_o whale_n follow_v the_o light_n use_v to_o fish_n for_o they_o before_o greenland_n be_v discover_v and_o i_o have_v hear_v that_o the_o dutch_a catch_v a_o whale_n near_o japan_n that_o have_v stick_v in_o her_o a_o harp_v iron_n lose_v at_o greenland_n willoughbies-island_n the_o dutch_a have_v no_o way_n to_o take_v from_o sir_n hugh_n willoughby_n the_o honour_n of_o first_o adventure_v upon_o these_o northern_a coast_n which_o he_o do_v by_o the_o commission_n and_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o six_o but_o at_o the_o advice_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o great_a seaman_n sebastian_n cabot_n grand_a pilot_n of_o england_n but_o by_o bestow_v on_o he_o a_o imaginary_a title_n of_o a_o island_n which_o they_o call_v willoughbies-island_n and_o which_o they_o place_n near_o nova-zembla_n beside_o what_o we_o have_v speak_v to_o this_o matter_n in_o the_o description_n of_o greenland_n 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ship_n set_v out_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o sir_n francis_n cherry_n touch_v upon_o it_o and_o find_v there_o some_o lead_n and_o a_o morss_n tooth_n but_o stay_v not_o to_o fish_v because_o the_o year_n be_v too_o far_o spend_v however_o they_o call_v it_o in_o honour_n of_o sir_n francis_n cherry_n for_o who_o use_n they_o take_v possession_n of_o it_o cherry-island_n in_o 1604_o morss-fishing_a morss-fishing_a a_o ship_n set_v sail_v mr._n welden_n the_o merchant_n and_o steven_n bennet_n the_o master_n from_o london_n april_n 15_o and_o arrive_v at_o colam_z in_o lapland_n may_v 1_o they_o stay_v in_o lapland_n till_o july_n 1_o and_o july_n 8_o they_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o cherry_n and_o they_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n on_o the_o south-south-east_n side_n but_z because_o of_o the_o stream_n can_v not_o land_n so_o that_o they_o sail_v round_o about_o the_o isle_n and_o at_o length_n anchor_v two_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n go_v on_o land_n one_o of_o they_o with_o his_o gun_n 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employ_v with_o two_o bark_n to_o the_o same_o search_n the_o first_o land_n he_o come_v to_o he_o name_v the_o land_n of_o desolation_n and_o be_v one_o part_n of_o groneland_n then_o he_o arrive_v in_o 64_o deg_fw-la 15_o min._n in_o gilbert_n sound_v where_o they_o find_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o that_o oar_n which_o frobisher_n bring_v into_o england_n and_o also_o lapis_fw-la specularis_fw-la thence_o they_o go_v to_o 66_o deg_fw-la 40_o min._n to_o mount_n raleigh_n totness_n sound_v etc._n etc._n where_o they_o see_v some_o few_o low_a shrub_n but_o nothing_o else_o worth_a note_n in_o 1586_o he_o make_v a_o second_o voyage_n to_o the_o same_o place_n where_o he_o find_v among_o the_o native_n copper_n oar_n as_o also_o black_a and_o red_a copper_n thence_o they_o search_v many_o place_n westward_o and_o return_v with_o good_a hope_n of_o discover_v the_o desire_a passage_n in_o 1587._o he_o make_v a_o three_o voyage_n to_o 72_o deg_fw-la 12_o min._n the_o compass_n vary_v 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and_o the_o sedition_n of_o his_o man_n from_o return_v home_o in_o 1612_o james_n hall_n return_v into_o england_n hall_n james_n hall_n and_o with_o he_o william_n baffin_n who_o discover_v cockin_n sound_v in_o the_o height_n of_o 65_o deg_fw-la 20_o min._n which_o differ_v in_o longitude_n from_o london_n 60_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n westward_o they_o see_v also_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o great_a beast_n they_o suppose_v a_o elk_n or_o the_o like_a james_n hall_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o boat_n by_o a_o native_a pretend_v to_o trade_n with_o they_o they_o try_v the_o mine_n at_o cunninghams_n river_n which_o the_o dane_n have_v dig_v before_o and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v nothing_o worth_a there_o be_v rock_n of_o very_a pure_a stone_n fine_a and_o white_a than_o alabaster_n and_o angelica_n grow_v plentiful_o in_o many_o place_n which_o the_o savage_n use_v to_o eat_v in_o 1615_o mr._n baffin_n be_v send_v again_o baffin_n mr._n baffin_n he_o find_v fair-point_n to_o differ_v in_o longitude_n from_o london_n 74_o deg_fw-la and_z 5_o min._n westward_o but_o the_o chief_a thing_n they_o discover_v be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o passage_n in_o the_o north_n of_o davis_n strait_n it_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o great_a bay_n but_o that_o profit_n may_v be_v make_v by_o fish_v for_o whale_n morss_n and_o unicorn_n of_o which_o there_o be_v good_a store_n in_o 1616_o mr._n baffin_n go_v again_o in_o sir_n tho._n smith_n sound_v 78_o deg_fw-la lat._n their_o compass_n vary_v 56_o deg_fw-la westward_o the_o great_a variation_n that_o be_v any_o where_o know_v despair_v to_o discover_v their_o desire_a northwest_n passage_n they_o return_v home_o and_o since_o that_o we_o hear_v of_o no_o more_o voyage_n make_v from_o england_n upon_o that_o design_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n also_o dane_n by_o the_o dane_n partly_o to_o advance_v the_o trade_n of_o his_o own_o and_o partly_o to_o renew_v his_o ancient_a pretence_n to_o that_o country_n if_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v 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lindenaw_n admiral_n and_o james_n hall_n pilot-general_n they_o bring_v away_o five_o of_o the_o native_n in_o 1607_o james_n hall_n be_v send_v again_o but_o the_o seaman_n mutine_a as_o soon_o as_o he_o come_v to_o the_o coast_n bring_v the_o ship_n back_o again_o into_o denmark_n without_o any_o thing_n do_v the_o king_n of_o denmark_n set_v out_o two_o ship_n more_o under_o christian_a richardson_n a_o holsteiner_n with_o norwegian_a and_o iselandish_a mariner_n who_o return_v before_o they_o see_v shore_n more_o of_o their_o expedition_n we_o know_v not_o till_o 1619_o when_o he_o send_v out_o john_n monk_n with_o two_o ship_n they_o arrive_v safe_a at_o cape_n farewell_o 60_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n where_o their_o tackle_n be_v so_o freeze_v and_o full_a of_o icicle_n that_o they_o can_v not_o handle_v they_o the_o next_o day_n be_v so_o hot_a
black_a sea_n for_o fear_v of_o the_o guard_n which_o be_v always_o keep_v by_o the_o turk_n in_o the_o ancient_a ruin_n which_o they_o call_v aslan-korodick_a tawan_n be_v the_o great_a and_o easy_a passage_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o river_n not_o be_v above_o five_o hundred_o pace_n broad_a be_v all_o in_o one_o channel_n the_o last_o pass_v and_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o nieper_n be_v oczacow_n where_o the_o river_n be_v three_o mile_n broad_a yet_o both_o the_o tartar_n and_o other_o pass_v it_o frequent_o in_o this_o manner_n they_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o flat-bottomed_a boat_n at_o the_o stern_a whereof_o they_o fasten_v across_o pole_n of_o a_o good_a length_n upon_o which_o they_o tie_v the_o head_n of_o their_o horse_n as_o many_o on_o the_o one_o side_n as_o the_o other_o to_o balance_v they_o they_o put_v their_o baggage_n in_o the_o boat_n and_o row_v it_o over_o and_o with_o it_o the_o horse_n the_o turk_n pass_v over_o in_o this_o manner_n forty_o thousand_o 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thing_n be_v speak_v of_o these_o little_a creature_n as_o that_o they_o have_v slave_n and_o punishment_n etc._n etc._n sounaky_a a_o kind_n of_o goat_n be_v desire_v for_o his_o beautiful_a sattin-like_a fur_n and_o white_a shine_a smooth_a delicate_a horn_n he_o have_v no_o bone_n in_o his_o nose_n and_o can_v feed_v except_o he_o go_v backward_o thy_o have_v many_o wild_a horse_n but_o of_o no_o value_n only_o for_o their_o flesh_n which_o they_o sell_v in_o the_o market_n and_o think_v it_o better_o than_o beef_n or_o veal_n when_o these_o horse_n come_v to_o be_v old_a their_o hoof_n so_o straiten_v their_o foot_n be_v never_o pare_v that_o they_o can_v hardly_o go_v as_o if_o that_o beast_n be_v so_o make_v for_o man_n use_n that_o without_o his_o care_n he_o be_v unprofitable_a novissima_fw-la poloniae_fw-la regni_fw-la descriptio_fw-la nobiliss_n &_o tam_fw-la dignitate_fw-la â—…ueris_fw-la quan_fw-mi meritis_fw-la ac_fw-la patriam_fw-la honoratiis_fw-la viro_fw-la d._n no_o nicolao_n pahl_n in_fw-la celeberrimo_fw-la maris_fw-la balthici_n emporio_fw-la urbe_fw-la gedanensi_fw-la praeconsuli_n &_o vicepraesidi_fw-la bonarum_fw-la artium_fw-la patrono_fw-la ac_fw-la fautori_fw-la observantiae_fw-la ergò_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joannes_n janssonius_n poland_n polonia_n or_o poland_n call_v by_o the_o native_n polska_n take_v its_o name_n as_o some_o conjecture_n from_o pole_n which_o in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n here_o common_o speak_v signify_v a_o plain_a and_o champain_n country_n such_o as_o this_o kingdom_n for_o the_o most_o part_n consist_v of_o other_o suppose_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n from_o their_o first_o captain_n lechus_n or_o lachus_n be_v call_v po-lachi_a that_o be_v the_o posterity_n of_o lachus_n and_o by_o corruption_n polani_n and_o poloni_n impart_v their_o name_n to_o their_o country_n and_o in_o favour_n of_o this_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o they_o call_v themselves_o polacci_fw-la the_o italian_n polacchi_fw-la the_o russian_n greek_n and_o tartar_n call_v they_o lachi_n and_o lechitae_n the_o hungarian_n lengel_n probable_o for_o lechel_n the_o same_o with_o po-lachi_a but_o hartknoch_n find_v the_o bulanes_n place_v by_o ptolemy_n among_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o sarmatia_n and_o observe_v the_o poloni_n to_o be_v call_v bolani_n and_o bolanii_n by_o the_o german_a writer_n think_v he_o have_v make_v the_o fair_a discovery_n of_o the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n nevertheless_o cromerus_n affirm_v that_o the_o present_a name_n either_o of_o the_o country_n or_o people_n have_v not_o be_v in_o use_n above_o nine_o hundred_o year_n certain_o in_o the_o time_n of_o alfred_n king_n of_o england_n about_o the_o year_n 880_o this_o country_n be_v call_v weonodland_n and_o before_o that_o by_o the_o roman_n general_o sarmatia_n as_o be_v the_o best_a know_a part_n of_o that_o great_a country_n only_o that_o branch_n of_o poland_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o weissel_n belong_v to_o old_a germany_n and_o as_o ptolemy_n acquaint_v we_o be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o aelvaeones_n the_o luti_fw-la omanni_n longi_fw-la diduni_n and_o luti_fw-la buri_n with_o other_o german_a colony_n by_o some_o writer_n the_o same_o be_v assign_v to_o vandalia_n and_o the_o vistula_n call_v vandalus_n have_v be_v for_o a_o time_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o vandal_n the_o people_n of_o poland_n be_v the_o undoubted_a offspring_n of_o the_o slavi_n slavini_n or_o slavonian_n seat_v in_o justinian_o time_n as_o jornandes_n relate_v on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n from_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o weasel_n to_o the_o niester_n and_o thence_o extend_v themselves_o westward_o to_o the_o danube_n and_o eastward_o to_o the_o euxin_n sea_n from_o which_o part_n they_o then_o make_v inundation_n into_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o their_o first_o expedition_n they_o be_v join_v with_o the_o antae_fw-la and_o vinidae_n or_o venedi_n or_o rather_o in_o
and_o charles_n ix_o who_o the_o swede_n have_v set_v up_o king_n in_o his_o place_n these_o gustavus_n adolphus_n continue_v and_o in_o they_o overrun_v almost_o all_o liefland_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1629_o a_o truce_n be_v make_v for_o six_o year_n upon_o these_o term_n that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n shall_v enjoy_v all_o he_o have_v win_v this_o truce_n be_v again_o renew_v for_o 26_o year_n more_o a.d._n 1635._o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o ambassador_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n and_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o whilst_o a_o great_a part_n of_o lithvania_n be_v lay_v waist_n by_o the_o moscovite_n charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n before_o the_o 26_o year_n be_v expire_v proclaim_a war_n against_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n allege_v among_o other_o thing_n as_o a_o reason_n for_o his_o proceed_n that_o the_o polish_v ambassador_n at_o stockholm_n have_v protest_v against_o his_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n at_o the_o beginning_n the_o fortune_n of_o the_o war_n go_v much_o on_o his_o side_n but_o within_o a_o short_a while_o the_o dane_n make_v incursion_n into_o sweden_n force_v he_o to_o quit_v poland_n and_o be_v more_o concern_v to_o defend_v what_o he_o have_v at_o home_n then_o to_o seek_v for_o new_a conquest_n abroad_o however_o the_o war_n still_o continue_v till_o a.d._n 1660._o when_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n gustavus_n peace_n be_v establish_v between_o the_o two_o kingdom_n at_o oliva_n a_o monastery_n near_o dantzic_n of_o which_o these_o be_v some_o of_o the_o article_n that_o john_n casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n shall_v for_o ever_o renounce_v all_o pretension_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n and_o principality_n of_o finland_n that_o he_o shall_v only_o challenge_v the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o sweden_n for_o his_o life_n but_o not_o make_v use_n of_o it_o in_o any_o of_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o swedish_n king_n that_o he_o shall_v deliver_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n all_v that_o part_n of_o liefland_n which_o lie_v beyond_o the_o river_n duna_n and_o disclaim_v all_o right_a and_o title_n to_o esten_n and_o oesel_n and_o whatever_o on_o this_o side_n the_o duna_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n during_o the_o truce_n that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n shall_v still_o keep_v the_o southern_a liefland_n in_o which_o be_v reckon_v duneburg_n rositen_n luzen_n marienhusen_n etc._n etc._n this_o country_n be_v long_o subject_a to_o paganism_n and_o idolatry_n until_o about_o the_o year_n 1158_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v frequent_v by_o merchant_n from_o lubeck_n who_o get_v leave_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o build_v a_o small_a chapel_n in_o a_o island_n upon_o the_o duna_n thence_o call_v kircholm_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o christian_a worship_n afterward_o menard_n a_o monk_n of_o segeberg_n be_v consecrate_v bishop_n of_o liefland_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n and_o send_v over_o by_o the_o merchant_n to_o propagate_v christianity_n in_o these_o part_n his_o seat_n be_v at_o vxkel_n a_o small_a village_n upon_o the_o duna_n not_o far_o from_o riga_n bertholdus_n a_o monk_n of_o bremen_n of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n paul_n succeed_v he_o in_o his_o bishopric_n he_o be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o riga_n whither_o he_o remove_v his_o see_n but_o live_v not_o long_o to_o enjoy_v it_o there_o for_o endeavour_v to_o promote_v christianity_n more_o by_o the_o sword_n than_o spirit_n he_o be_v overcome_v and_o slay_v by_o the_o pagan_n albertus_n bertholdus_n immediate_a successor_n fortify_v riga_n and_o make_v it_o a_o city_n that_o do_v he_o join_v himself_o to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sword_n bearer_n a_o order_n of_o knighthood_n confirm_v by_o pope_n innocent_a the_o three_o about_o the_o year_n 1204_o hope_v thereby_o to_o be_v better_a able_a than_o his_o predecessor_n have_v be_v to_o oppose_v the_o rage_n of_o the_o heathen_a not_o long_o after_o when_o this_o order_n be_v change_v into_o the_o teutonic_n order_n the_o bishop_n of_o riga_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o society_n subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n of_o prussia_n the_o master_n of_o which_o have_v power_n give_v he_o to_o appoint_v a_o provincial_n of_o liefland_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o prussian_a bishop_n of_o culm_n pomesen_n and_o sambland_n do_v though_o not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o advance_v the_o power_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o riga_n make_v he_o a_o archbishop_n and_o themselves_o his_o suffragans_fw-la only_o the_o bishop_n of_o warm_a as_o have_v never_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n will_v not_o yield_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o member_n of_o the_o province_n of_o riga_n in_o this_o state_n the_o church_n of_o liefland_n continue_v for_o a_o long_a time_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1513_o william_n plettenberg_n the_o xli_o provincial_n of_o liefland_n buy_v off_o all_o homage_n to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n in_o prussia_n and_o be_v himself_o make_v absolute_a prince_n of_o liefland_n his_o successor_n live_v and_o enjoy_v their_o dominion_n in_o peace_n till_o the_o day_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n but_o afterward_o what_o with_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a war_n and_o the_o continual_a incursion_n of_o the_o moscovite_n polander_n swede_n and_o dane_n the_o country_n be_v bring_v to_o be_v a_o mere_a medley_n of_o man_n and_o religion_n at_o this_o day_n those_o part_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o dane_n and_o swede_n do_v general_o profess_v the_o lutheran_n religion_n most_o of_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n adhere_v to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n though_o some_o be_v lutheran_n in_o some_o part_n of_o esten_n the_o poor_a ignorant_a rustic_n be_v half_a pagan_n liefland_n be_v former_o divide_v into_o two_o part_n only_o let_v and_o esten_n to_o which_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sword_n bearer_n add_v curland_n some_o have_v divide_v the_o whole_a country_n into_o six_o part_n curland_n semigal_n esten_n let_v harland_n and_o virland_n but_o semigal_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o province_n of_o curland_n and_o harland_n and_o virland_n part_n of_o esten_n of_o these_o curland_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o its_o own_o duke_n who_o nevertheless_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n some_o part_n also_o of_o let_v which_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o south_n liefland_n be_v since_o the_o treaty_n at_o oliva_n in_o that_o king_n possession_n the_o curoni_n ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o curland_n and_o semigal_n be_v think_v by_o some_o to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o caryones_n mention_v by_o ptolomey_n there_o be_v not_o far_o from_o windaw_n a_o small_a village_n which_o still_o bear_v their_o memory_n in_o its_o name_n be_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o this_o day_n call_v curon_n the_o most_o notable_a place_n in_o it_o be_v 1._o mitaw_fw-mi the_o seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n mauss_n take_v by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o but_o restore_v a.d._n 1629._o the_o town_n be_v but_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a but_o the_o castle_n magnificent_o rebuilt_a by_o some_o of_o the_o late_a duke_n 2._o windaw_n or_o winden_n as_o the_o german_n write_v it_o though_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v it_o kies_n seat_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n windaw_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n here_o former_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o provincial_n of_o liefland_n afterward_o the_o general_a parliament_n or_o great_a council_n of_o curland_n have_v their_o session_n in_o this_o city_n which_o make_v it_o exceed_o populous_a at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v little_a appearance_n of_o its_o ancient_a splendour_n nor_o be_v it_o frequent_v by_o any_o but_o a_o few_o dutch_a merchant_n who_o be_v here_o lade_v with_o tar_n pitch_n and_o wax_n it_o be_v a_o mistake_n very_o ordinary_a among_o the_o historian_n that_o write_v of_o this_o country_n to_o confound_v this_o city_n with_o wenden_n in_o let_v tell_v we_o that_o this_o too_o be_v call_v by_o the_o polander_v kies_n and_o the_o old_a dutch_a sea-cart_n mention_v a_o kind_n of_o castle_n with_o three_o tower_n upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o windaw_n but_o never_o take_v notice_n of_o of_o any_o sea-port-town_n in_o this_o place_n 3._o pilten_a or_o piltyn_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o curland_n build_v by_o waldemar_n king_n of_o denmark_n a.d._n 1219._o the_o southern_a or_o polish_v liefland_n contain_v only_o a_o few_o small_a town_n or_o village_n among_o which_o there_o be_v nothing_o worth_a take_v notice_n of_o but_o duneburg_n a_o castle_n as_o its_o name_n intimate_v seat_v on_o the_o river_n duna_n volhinia_n podolia_n etc._n etc._n though_o the_o polish_v dominion_n reach_v former_o a_o considerable_a
knight_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n have_v make_v their_o master_n in_o the_o year_n 1525_o it_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o the_o teutonick_n order_n shall_v be_v whole_o extirpate_v and_o that_o part_n of_o prussia_n which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v call_v ducal_z prussia_n shall_v be_v govern_v by_o the_o say_a marquis_n with_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o the_o rest_n or_o regal_a prussia_n remain_v still_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o duke_n shall_v always_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o as_o a_o member_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v precedent_n of_o the_o king_n council_n last_o john_n casimir_n the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n grant_v first_o in_o the_o year_n 1657_o and_o again_o 1663._o full_a and_o absolute_a power_n and_o dominion_n over_o ducal_z prussia_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n on_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o dukedom_n upon_o defect_n of_o male_a issue_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o supreme_a landlord_n and_o be_v confer_v on_o the_o duke_n of_o onoldsbach_n and_o culmbach_n as_o feudatary_n muscovy_n muscovy_n how_o affair_n stand_v at_o present_a between_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n and_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n may_v appear_v by_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n sign_v by_o both_o party_n a.d._n 1667_o speak_v of_o before_o but_o former_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v lay_v claim_n and_o make_v good_a their_o title_n either_o by_o justice_n or_o the_o sword_n to_o several_a large_a territory_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n for_o first_o jorislaus_n duke_n of_o russia_n be_v force_v to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n a.d._n 1018._o afterward_o a.d._n 1069_o boleslaus_n ii_o possess_v himself_o of_o kiow_n and_o indeed_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o russia_n over_o which_o he_o set_v jesaslaus_n a_o tributary_n duke_n after_o his_o death_n continual_a war_n be_v between_o the_o two_o nation_n till_o casimir_n the_o great_a in_o the_o year_n 1340_o reduce_v the_o southern_a russia_n into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o province_n but_o how_o little_a of_o that_o remain_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o present_a king_n of_o poland_n we_o have_v show_v before_o several_a of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v style_v themselves_o king_n of_o sweden_n sweden_n sweden_n upon_o no_o other_o pretence_n then_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o liefland_n but_o this_o title_n cease_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o john_n casimir_n their_o late_a king_n as_o have_v already_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o description_n of_o liefland_n of_o the_o pretension_n of_o foreign_a prince_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n we_o have_v see_v to_o what_o kingdom_n and_o country_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v in_o former_a age_n claim_v a_o right_a and_o title_n and_o we_o may_v perhaps_o find_v as_o many_o king_n and_o prince_n of_o other_o nation_n who_o have_v challenge_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o as_o good_a ground_n but_o to_o omit_v the_o many_o conquest_n obtain_v by_o the_o russian_n bohemian_o hungarian_n and_o other_o over_o the_o pole_n enough_o to_o entitle_v any_o potent_a prince_n to_o their_o kingdom_n the_o strong_a pretension_n to_o this_o crown_n be_v those_o of_o the_o emperor_n for_o the_o most_o of_o the_o polish_v historian_n tell_v we_o that_o boleslaus_n i._o be_v create_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o emperor_n otto_n iii_o before_o which_o time_n the_o prince_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v only_a duke_n this_o story_n be_v confirm_v by_o beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a writer_n of_o poland_n a_o ancient_a epitaph_n find_v in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o posen_n in_o which_o among_o other_o commendation_n of_o boleslaus_n i._o be_v the_o follow_a rhythm_n tu_fw-la possedisti_fw-la velut_fw-la athleta_fw-la christi_fw-la regnum_fw-la slavorum_n gothorum_fw-la seu_fw-la polonorum_fw-la caesar_n praecellens_fw-la a_o te_fw-la ducalia_n pellens_fw-la and_o again_o ob_fw-la famam_fw-la bonam_fw-la tibi_fw-la contulit_fw-la otto_n coronam_fw-la propter_fw-la luctamen_fw-la sit_fw-la tibi_fw-la salus_fw-la amen_n however_o though_o the_o historian_n of_o poland_n grant_v that_o boleslaus_n receive_v the_o title_n of_o king_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o emperor_n yet_o they_o deny_v stubborn_o that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v ever_o subject_a or_o tributary_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n but_o conringius_n a_o ingenious_a and_o learned_a german_a physician_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v de_fw-fr finibus_fw-la germanici_fw-la imperii_fw-la c._n 18._o have_v demonstrate_v the_o contrary_a for_o not_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a who_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a conquer_a poland_n as_o well_o as_o silesia_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o miecislaus_fw-la the_o first_o christian_a prince_n of_o poland_n pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o imperial_a crown_n and_o the_o polish_v writer_n be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o otto_n iii_o remit_v all_o homage_n due_a otherwise_o to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n when_o he_o create_v he_o king_n after_o boleslaus_n death_n miecislaus_fw-la ii_o his_o successor_n be_v compel_v to_o pay_v the_o usual_a tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n ii_o after_o this_o several_a of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n very_o willing_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o emperor_n and_o other_o be_v force_v out_o of_o their_o obstinate_a refusal_n at_o last_o in_o the_o long_a vacancy_n of_o the_o imperial_a throne_n soon_o after_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n during_o which_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o elect_a emperor_n whilst_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n be_v in_o a_o confuse_a distraction_n the_o polander_n take_v occasion_n to_o shake_v off_o the_o german_a yoke_n to_o which_o they_o can_v never_o since_o be_v reduce_v this_o be_v part_n of_o the_o relation_n which_o conringius_n give_v we_o of_o the_o ancient_a state_n of_o poland_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o german_a empire_n found_v chief_o upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o dithmarus_fw-la mersburgensis_n and_o helmoldus_n man_n of_o unquestionable_a veracity_n in_o their_o history_n hartknoch_n endeavour_v to_o evade_v the_o force_n of_o his_o argument_n by_o say_v that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o polander_n have_v former_o pay_v some_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o the_o emperor_n by_o who_o it_o be_v demand_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o tribute_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o necessary_o suppose_v any_o dependence_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n for_o it_o be_v ordinary_a even_o with_o the_o emperor_n themselves_o to_o buy_v peace_n with_o money_n and_o thus_o the_o english_a buy_v their_o peace_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o make_v lewis_n xi_o king_n of_o france_n pay_v for_o he_o but_o let_v he_o consider_v first_o whether_o the_o word_n of_o helmoldus_n chron._n slau._n lib._n 1._o c._n 1._o num_fw-la 9_o can_v be_v proper_o understand_v of_o any_o such_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o be_v usual_o pay_v by_o any_o nation_n upon_o the_o ratification_n of_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n when_o he_o say_v seruit_fw-la &_o ipsa_fw-la speak_v of_o poland_n sicut_fw-la bohemia_n sub_fw-la tributo_fw-la imperatoriae_fw-la majestati_fw-la here_o the_o historian_n tell_v we_o plain_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v in_o his_o time_n as_o much_o tributary_n to_o the_o emperor_n as_o bohemia_n and_o how_o true_o that_o be_v under_o his_o subjection_n every_o historian_n will_v show_v again_o it_o be_v not_o very_o considerate_o do_v to_o instance_n in_o the_o tribute_n pay_v by_o the_o english_a to_o the_o dane_n or_o by_o lewis_n xi_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o both_o these_o be_v doubtless_o acknowledgement_n of_o subjection_n and_o homage_n the_o dane_n all_o know_v be_v absolute_a lord_n of_o our_o land_n for_o 26_o and_o make_v almost_o continual_a incursion_n into_o it_o for_o the_o space_n of_o 250_o year_n dane-gelt_a which_o perhaps_o hartknoch_n as_o some_o of_o our_o own_o historian_n have_v do_v mistake_v for_o a_o tribute_n or_o composition-money_n pay_v the_o dane_n upon_o any_o invasion_n be_v at_o first_o only_o a_o subsidy_n gather_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o stand_a army_n to_o oppose_v the_o danish_a fury_n afterward_o indeed_o the_o word_n be_v use_v to_o denote_v a_o tribute_n sometime_o amount_v to_o 72000_o pound_n levy_v yearly_a in_o england_n and_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o refusal_n of_o which_o payment_n the_o english_a be_v sure_a to_o feel_v the_o weight_n of_o that_o king_n displeasure_n this_o tribute_n be_v certain_o a_o sign_n of_o a_o true_a and_o real_a subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n which_o may_v have_v last_v long_o have_v not_o the_o saxon_a and_o danish_a line_n be_v peaceable_o unite_v in_o the_o pious_a king_n
edward_n the_o confessor_n as_o to_o the_o tribute_n pay_v by_o lewis_n xi_o of_o france_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o then_o that_o it_o be_v well_o know_v upon_o what_o ground_n our_o king_n especial_o henry_n v._n and_o henry_n vi_o the_o latter_a of_o which_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o france_n in_o paris_n pretend_v a_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n before_o his_o day_n and_o what_o reason_n they_o have_v to_o demand_v a_o tribute_n so_o that_o hartknoch_n argument_n draw_v from_o these_o two_o example_n amount_n to_o no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n have_v never_o any_o more_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n than_o the_o danish_a king_n have_v have_v to_o the_o throne_n of_o england_n or_o the_o english_a to_o the_o sceptre_n of_o france_n and_o what_o kind_n of_o pretension_n those_o be_v historian_n can_v inform_v we_o sveciae_fw-la norvegiae_fw-la et_fw-la daniae_fw-la nova_fw-la tabula_fw-la sweden_n scandia_n or_o scandinavia_n probable_o so_o name_v from_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n who_o call_v themselves_o schaanau_n or_o shane_n though_o junius_n think_v it_o may_v be_v very_o well_o so_o call_v from_o the_o ancient_a word_n schans_n signify_v a_o fortification_n the_o situation_n of_o the_o country_n be_v well_o fence_v by_o the_o greek_n baltia_n or_o basilia_n â—â—tion_n â—â—anâ—â—d_v its_o â—â—tion_n be_v a_o large_a peninsula_n lie_v betwixt_o 55_o and_o 72_o degree_n of_o northerly_a latitude_n and_o about_o 25_o and_o 65_o of_o longitude_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o west_n and_o north_n by_o the_o vast_a ocean_n on_o the_o east_n by_o part_n of_o muscovy_n and_o the_o sinus_n finnicus_n and_o on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o baltic_a sea_n which_o peninsula_n be_v inhabit_v by_o divers_a nation_n as_o the_o suiones_n or_o sueci_n queni_fw-la northmanni_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v account_v the_o store-house_n of_o man_n and_o original_a of_o thirty_o potent_a nation_n disperse_v into_o most_o part_n of_o the_o habitable_a world_n but_o we_o shall_v now_o at_o this_o time_n speak_v only_o of_o the_o principall_a part_n of_o it_o situate_v towards_o the_o most_o easterly_a point_n wherein_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o a_o great_a and_o powerful_a empire_n which_o have_v of_o late_o spread_v itself_o very_o large_o out_o of_o this_o peninsula_n command_v by_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n his_o dominion_n comprehend_v all_o from_o the_o freeze_a sea_n on_o the_o north_n the_o dofrine_n hill_n or_o scar_n on_o the_o west_n the_o lake_n ladoga_n and_o onega_n and_o part_n of_o russia_n on_o the_o east_n and_o the_o sund_n or_o oresund_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o south_n omit_v for_o the_o present_a the_o new_a accession_n in_o livonia_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o in_o due_a place_n that_o we_o may_v speak_v distinct_o of_o this_o great_a empire_n â—â—viâ—â—_n â—â—pâ—â—nd_v â—â—viâ—â—_n we_o will_v begin_v first_o of_o all_o with_o the_o north_n which_o be_v inhabit_v by_o a_o sort_n of_o people_n call_v lap_n or_o laplander_n all_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o subject_n of_o the_o swede_n the_o easterly_a part_n be_v under_o the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o westerly_a under_o the_o dane_n however_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o they_o indistinct_o their_o manner_n language_n and_o custom_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o 1._o lapland_n muscovitick_a lapland_n muscovitick_a lapland_n call_v by_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n biarmia_n at_o present_a by_o the_o swede_n trennis_n by_o the_o russes_z tarchanavoloch_n and_o by_o the_o native_n pyhinienni_n take_v in_o all_o the_o maritime_a tract_n of_o ground_n which_o lie_v from_o about_o kola_n to_o the_o white_a sea_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n or_o province_n 1._o mourmanskoy_n or_o maritime_a leporie_n 2._o tersa_n or_o terskoy_n leporie_n and_o 3._o bellamoreskoy_n leporie_n the_o exact_a description_n whereof_o be_v not_o accurate_o know_v to_o we_o 2._o lapland_n norwegian_a lapland_n norwegian_a lapland_n former_o call_v scrickfinnia_n by_o jornandes_n scretfennia_n now_o finmark_n or_o the_o province_n of_o wardhuus_n run_v all_o along_o the_o norwegian_a shore_n from_o the_o lake_n tornetresk_n near_o the_o dofrine_n hill_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o wardhuus_n but_o how_o much_o more_o easterly_a be_v not_o exact_o discover_v to_o we_o all_o this_o province_n or_o lieutenancy_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n 3._o swedish_n lapland_n or_o as_o the_o swede_n call_v it_o lapland_n swedish_n lapland_n lapmark_n it_o contain_v all_o that_o most_o southern_a and_o inland_n part_v of_o lappia_n from_o the_o province_n of_o helsingia_a in_o sweden_n to_o the_o lieutenancy_n of_o wardhuus_n or_o quite_o to_o the_o north_n sea_n it_o be_v count_v by_o some_o to_o be_v of_o equal_a extent_n with_o almost_o all_o sweden_n proper_o so_o call_v andr._n buraeus_fw-la say_v it_o contain_v in_o length_n above_o four_o hundred_o english_a mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o this_o lapland_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o lesser_a part_n or_o province_n call_v markar_n i._n e._n land_n all_o which_o have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o most_o remarkable_a river_n that_o run_v through_o each_o of_o they_o 1._o the_o first_o and_o most_o northerly_a of_o all_o be_v tornelapmark_n lapland_n the_o province_n of_o swedish_n lapland_n extend_v itself_o from_o the_o further_a corner_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o bothnia_n all_o along_o or_o near_o to_o the_o north_n sea_n call_v by_o our_o seaman_n north-cape_n 2._o next_o to_o this_o lie_v kimilapmark_n wind_v from_o the_o north_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o bound_v on_o one_o side_n by_o the_o eastern_a bothnia_n on_o another_o by_o that_o part_n of_o lapland_n which_o belong_v to_o russia_n and_o on_o a_o three_o side_n by_o cajania_n and_o carelia_n 3._o west_n of_o tornelapmark_n lie_v lulalapmark_n which_o have_v on_o the_o westside_n the_o dofrine_n hill_n and_o also_o on_o the_o south_n 4._o pithalapmark_n a_o province_n very_o mountainous_a and_o barren_a 5._o next_o to_o this_o vmalapmark_n bound_v as_o the_o former_a upon_o the_o west_n bothnia_n and_o the_o dofrine_n hill_n 6._o south_n of_o which_o lie_v angermandlandslapmark_n border_v upon_o angermannia_n and_o temptia_n though_o angermandlandslapmark_n and_o vmalapmark_n be_v by_o many_o author_n reckon_v for_o one_o because_o they_o be_v both_o govern_v by_o one_o lieutenant_n yet_o be_v they_o distinct_a province_n each_o of_o these_o province_n be_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o the_o country_n subdivide_v into_o lesser_a part_n call_v by_o the_o swede_n byar_n division_n their_o lesser_a division_n and_o be_v equivalent_a to_o our_o shire_n and_o the_o pagi_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o ancient_n which_o be_v not_o village_n or_o country_n town_n but_o large_a part_n of_o a_o country_n there_o be_v several_a of_o these_o shire_n or_o pagi_n in_o each_o province_n except_o angermandlandslapmark_n which_o make_v but_o one_o pagus_n vulgar_o call_v aosahla_n vmalapmark_n have_v four_o vma_n lais_n or_o raanby_n granby_n and_o vapsteen_n pithalapmark_n have_v seven_o graotreskby_n arfwejerfsby_n lochteby_n arrieplogsby_n wisierfby_n norvesterby_n westerby_n lulalapmark_n have_v five_o jochmoch_n sochjoch_n torpinjaur_n zerkislocht_v and_o rautomjaur_n tornelapmark_n have_v nine_o tingewaara_o siggewaara_n sondewara_fw-mi ronolaby_o pellejerf_n kiedkajerf_n mansialka_n saodankyla_n and_o kithilaby_n so_o that_o all_o the_o territory_n be_v divide_v into_o thirty-three_a byars_n in_o each_o of_o these_o there_o be_v several_a clan_n or_o family_n which_o the_o swede_n call_v rakar_n in_o the_o byar_n call_v aosahla_n there_o be_v about_o thirty_o in_o other_o more_o or_o less_o according_a as_o they_o be_v in_o bigness_n and_o fertility_n distinguish_v by_o several_a name_n each_o of_o which_o have_v a_o certain_a alotment_n of_o ground_n assign_v they_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o themselves_o and_o their_o cattle_n not_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o country_n farm_n but_o of_o a_o very_a great_a length_n and_o breadth_n so_o as_o sometime_o to_o contain_v river_n lake_n wood_n and_o the_o like_a which_o all_o belong_v to_o one_o clan_n or_o family_n who_o enjoy_v it_o all_o in_o common_a without_o appropriate_v it_o to_o several_a person_n and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o division_n of_o lapland_n not_o late_o make_v except_o that_o under_o charles_n ix_o some_o clan_o have_v certain_a allotment_n assign_v they_o but_o derive_v from_o very_o ancient_a time_n as_o appear_v from_o hence_o that_o neither_o the_o laplander_n have_v know_v nor_o the_o swede_n give_v they_o any_o other_o since_o the_o country_n have_v be_v under_o their_o subjection_n and_o it_o may_v not_o seem_v improbable_a that_o this_o manner_n of_o possess_v be_v begin_v immediate_o after_o the_o flood_n propriety_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o populousness_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o lapland_n suppose_v the_o
dedicate_v to_o he_o so_o stately_a and_o magnificent_a that_o by_o the_o relation_n of_o johannes_n magnus_n who_o tell_v prodigious_a story_n of_o the_o golden_a roof_n etc._n etc._n the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o cuzco_n be_v but_o a_o poor_o adorn_v chapel_n to_o it_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o stupendous_a fabric_n their_o god_n be_v set_v upon_o a_o bed_n or_o couch_n with_o a_o crown_n upon_o his_o head_n adorn_v with_o twelve_o star_n and_o a_o sceptre_n in_o his_o hand_n upon_o his_o right_a hand_n stand_v oden_n or_o othen_n arm_v like_o a_o soldier_n cap_n a-pie_n not_o unlike_o the_o roman_a god_n mars_n on_o his_o left_a be_v place_v the_o goddess_n freia_n their_o venus_n hold_v a_o sword_n in_o one_o and_o a_o bow_n in_o the_o other_o hand_n these_o three_o deity_n be_v have_v in_o special_a reverence_n among_o they_o votary_n come_v from_o very_o remote_a part_n every_o nine_o year_n to_o visit_v the_o temple_n and_o pay_v their_o devotion_n offer_v the_o most_o precious_a gift_n they_o can_v provide_v and_o sacrifice_n for_o nine_o day_n together_o pythagorean-like_a count_a nine_a a_o auspicious_a number_n and_o on_o every_o day_n nine_o sort_n of_o animal_n three_o of_o every_o sort_n not_o spare_v their_o servant_n friend_n child_n nor_o even_o their_o own_o self_n from_o be_v part_n of_o such_o bloody_a victim_n this_o they_o do_v not_o by_o choice_n every_o votary_n strive_v to_o be_v present_v a_o sacrifice_n to_o his_o god_n but_o by_o lot_n take_v he_o on_o who_o the_o lot_n fall_v tie_v a_o cord_n about_o his_o middle_n and_o so_o let_v he_o down_o alive_a into_o a_o large_a well_o dig_v close_o by_o the_o temple_n for_o that_o purpose_n if_o he_o expire_v quiet_o and_o without_o any_o great_a struggle_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n they_o conclude_v that_o their_o god_n be_v please_v and_o their_o petition_n hear_v if_o otherwise_o and_o he_o seem_v to_o die_v with_o any_o reluctancy_n they_o suppose_v their_o god_n be_v angry_a and_o thereupon_o present_o make_v ready_a another_o suchlike_a sacrifice_n to_o appease_v the_o wrath_n when_o the_o body_n be_v draw_v up_o out_o of_o the_o well_o if_o a_o please_a sacrifice_n they_o think_v it_o not_o fit_a to_o bury_v it_o in_o the_o ground_n the_o ordinary_a way_n but_o hang_v it_o up_o upon_o a_o tree_n in_o the_o consecrate_a grove_n and_o for_o ever_o after_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v instate_v in_o a_o place_n of_o happiness_n and_o esteem_v it_o as_o one_o of_o their_o demigod_n in_o these_o cruel_a sacrifice_n their_o king_n themselves_o be_v not_o only_o present_a but_o sometime_o when_o the_o lot_n fall_v upon_o they_o offer_v up_o to_o their_o god_n be_v attend_v to_o the_o place_n of_o execution_n with_o great_a joy_n and_o acclamation_n by_o the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o subject_n who_o promise_v themselves_o great_a and_o last_a happiness_n by_o so_o noble_a a_o victim_n beside_o these_o three_o principal_a they_o worship_v many_o other_o 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only_a district_n at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o a_o plaintiff_n commence_v a_o action_n against_o the_o defendant_n he_o with_o two_o able_a housekeeper_n go_v to_o his_o house_n and_o summons_n he_o to_o the_o court_n if_o he_o appear_v the_o first_o second_o or_o three_o court_n day_n it_o be_v well_o if_o not_o he_o lose_v the_o action_n and_o distress_n be_v make_v upon_o his_o good_n in_o case_n of_o murder_n adultery_n etc._n etc._n punishable_a by_o death_n if_o the_o guilty_a person_n fly_v bud_n kaffla_fw-mi or_o hue_n and_o cry_n be_v send_v out_o after_o they_o which_o be_v to_o go_v through_o the_o whole_a precinct_n and_o to_o be_v continue_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o by_o the_o delivery_n of_o a_o staff_n the_o sign_n of_o authority_n a_o woman_n convict_v of_o adultery_n by_o six_o witness_n lose_v her_o dowry_n her_o estate_n and_o if_o her_o husband_n please_v her_o life_n too_o
the_o swedish_n nation_n have_v make_v a_o law_n among_o his_o subject_n that_o if_o any_o of_o they_o kill_v or_o injure_v a_o swede_n he_o shall_v pay_v only_o half_a the_o mulct_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v if_o he_o have_v do_v the_o like_a to_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o 33._o atislus_n a_o warlike_a and_o magnificent_a king_n 34._o hotherus_fw-la who_o wage_v war_n with_o the_o dane_n and_o russes_z and_o die_v of_o a_o wound_n he_o receive_v in_o battle_n 35._o rodericus_fw-la king_n of_o denmark_n and_o swedland_n at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o either_o leave_v or_o lose_v the_o former_a he_o retire_v into_o the_o latter_a and_o there_o end_v his_o day_n 36._o attilus_n who_o kill_v wermundus_n king_n of_o denmark_n in_o single_a duel_n and_o be_v himself_o afterward_o slay_v by_o wermundus_n two_o son_n after_o this_o king_n time_n the_o succession_n for_o about_o 600_o year_n be_v much_o interrupt_v who_o enjoy_v the_o kingdom_n be_v uncertain_a botvildus_n charles_n two_o ericus_n two_o and_o six_o more_o be_v mention_v but_o little_o more_o know_v of_o they_o than_o their_o name_n he_o who_o historian_n first_o pitch_n upon_o to_o have_v certain_o succeed_v be_v 46._o alricus_n who_o challenge_v gestiblindus_n king_n of_o the_o goth_n to_o duel_n thereby_o lose_v both_o his_o life_n and_o kingdom_n 47._o ericus_n iii_n surname_v the_o wise_a and_o by_o some_o the_o eloquent_a a_o happy_a and_o peaceable_a prince_n he_o reign_v according_a to_o johannes_n magnus_n computation_n about_o four_o and_o thirty_o year_n before_o our_o saviour_n birth_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o gothish_a king_n who_o reign_v short_o after_o their_o transmigration_n out_o of_o scandia_n while_o they_o dwell_v about_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n near_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trojan_a war_n collect_v out_o of_o wolf_n lazius_n upon_o who_o credit_n you_o be_v to_o take_v they_o 1._o telephus_n well_o know_v for_o his_o exploit_n in_o the_o trojan_a war._n 2._o bericus_n or_o beget_n 3._o filimar_n 4._o frogradus_fw-la 5._o aringis_fw-la 6._o eurypilus_n 7._o tomyris_n 8._o antriregus_n after_o this_o succession_n of_o king_n in_o scythia_n europea_n the_o goth_n either_o weary_a of_o that_o country_n or_o drive_v out_o of_o it_o by_o some_o of_o their_o potent_a neighbour_n be_v say_v by_o the_o same_o author_n though_o i_o find_v not_o his_o opinion_n second_v by_o any_o swedish_n writer_n to_o have_v return_v into_o gothia_n and_o particular_o to_o have_v pitch_v upon_o the_o isle_n gotland_n as_o the_o fit_a seat_n for_o their_o king_n a_o long_a series_n of_o who_o may_v seem_v not_o very_o necessary_a to_o be_v set_v down_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o same_o with_o the_o swedish_n king_n before_o mention_v 48._o haldanus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o hunns_n overrun_v gothia_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o king_n dominion_n build_v hunnaberg_n a_o ancient_a city_n in_o ostrogothia_a and_o after_o some_o continuance_n in_o the_o country_n be_v by_o this_o king_n at_o last_o utter_o expel_v 49._o sivardus_fw-la or_o sigvardus_fw-la in_o who_o time_n commotion_n arise_v in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o goth_n elect_v a_o separate_a king_n of_o their_o own_o name_v carolus_n who_o some_o make_v to_o be_v 50._o charles_n iii_o 51._o ericus_n iv_o slay_v by_o haldanus_n king_n of_o denmark_n 52._o haldanus_n who_o get_v the_o kingdom_n by_o his_o valour_n of_o this_o king_n be_v report_v several_a prodigious_a story_n as_o of_o his_o gigantic_a stature_n his_o pull_v up_o tree_n by_o the_o root_n and_o such_o like_a not_o inferior_a to_o those_o which_o poet_n relate_v of_o hercules_n and_o the_o giant_n 53._o vngvinus_n who_o to_o his_o own_o kingdom_n unite_v gothia_n for_o a_o long_a time_n govern_v by_o distinct_a king_n 54._o ragvaldus_n or_o regnaldus_n 55._o amundus_n 56._o haquinus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o goth_n elect_v one_o sivardo_fw-la king_n of_o gothia_n 57_o ostenus_fw-la i._n who_o entertain_v a_o implacable_a hatred_n against_o the_o norwegian_n send_v a_o great_a army_n against_o they_o subdue_v their_o country_n make_v the_o inhabitant_n tributary_n to_o the_o swedish_n crown_n and_o as_o a_o opprobrium_fw-la to_o the_o nation_n set_v a_o dog_n to_o be_v chief_a governor_n over_o they_o to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v all_o subjection_n and_o swear_v allegiance_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o lose_v one_o hand_n and_o one_o foot_n this_o be_v mention_v both_o in_o the_o swedish_n and_o norwegian_a chronicle_n 58._o alverus_n or_o alaricus_n elect_v say_v krantzius_n out_o of_o the_o noble_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o happy_a reign_n stab_v by_o his_o brother_n ericus_n who_o be_v impatient_a to_o obtain_v the_o crown_n which_o he_o think_v he_o may_v procure_v after_o his_o death_n but_o vain_o for_o the_o government_n be_v confer_v on_o 59_o ingo_n i._o elder_a son_n to_o alverus_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o order_v the_o election_n of_o king_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o moresten_n near_o vpsal_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o which_o see_v what_o be_v say_v in_o suecia_n about_o this_o time_n the_o kingdom_n be_v govern_v by_o judge_n the_o next_o king_n be_v 60._o ingellus_fw-la i._n kill_v by_o his_o brother_n 61._o germunder_o in_o a_o war_n against_o denmark_n take_v prisoner_n and_o hang_v up_o upon_o a_o gibbet_n 62._o haquinus_n 63._o egellus_n after_o who_o time_n succeed_v several_a king_n johannes_n magnus_n reckon_v twenty_o concern_v who_o nothing_o very_o remarkable_a be_v set_v down_o by_o historian_n the_o next_o great_a epocha_n be_v count_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o 84._o bero_n or_o biorno_n iii_o the_o first_o christian_a king_n in_o sweden_n convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o one_o herebretus_n at_o his_o request_n send_v to_o he_o by_o charles_n the_o great_a emperor_n of_o germany_n 85._o brautamundus_n or_o amundus_n in_o some_o civil_a commotion_n in_o his_o kingdom_n kill_v by_o his_o brother_n and_o successor_n 86._o sivardus_fw-la ii_o who_o in_o his_o expedition_n against_o norway_n be_v with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n overcome_v in_o battle_n the_o enemy_n force_n most_o consist_v of_o woman_n 87._o herotus_fw-la or_o haraldus_n betwixt_o who_o and_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n a_o war_n break_v out_o concern_v the_o province_n of_o schonen_fw-mi which_o this_o king_n at_o last_o free_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o his_o signal_n prudence_n and_o valour_n 89._o charles_n vi._n 90._o biorno_n iu._n 91._o ingellus_fw-la ii_o in_o who_o time_n helsingia_n and_o several_a other_o province_n in_o suecia_n have_v their_o distinct_a governor_n these_o he_o under_o colour_n of_o friendship_n invite_v to_o a_o banquet_n and_o when_o he_o have_v make_v they_o drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n he_o cause_v a_o fire_n to_o be_v set_v on_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v and_o so_o destroy_v they_o all_o and_o seize_v on_o their_o possession_n to_o revenge_v this_o cruelty_n gramus_fw-la duke_n of_o sudermannia_n and_o hauno_n duke_n of_o ostrogothia_a raise_v force_n and_o come_v against_o he_o but_o with_o no_o good_a success_n at_o last_o for_o under_o pretence_n of_o a_o parley_n they_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o at_o ingellus_n command_n burn_v to_o death_n 92._o olaus_n from_o his_o command_v many_o thick_a wood_n to_o be_v cut_v down_o surname_v tratelia_n or_o tree-feller_n he_o be_v say_v by_o some_o to_o have_v embrace_v christianity_n at_o the_o persuasion_n of_o ansgarius_n a_o learned_a bishop_n send_v into_o sweden_n by_o lewis_n ii_o emperor_n of_o germany_n but_o though_o he_o himself_o perhaps_o do_v favour_v christian_a religion_n it_o get_v small_a foot_n among_o his_o subject_n for_o paganism_n be_v say_v for_o a_o long_a time_n to_o have_v prevail_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o succeed_a prince_n 93._o ingo_n ii_o 94._o ericus_n vi_o surname_v windy-cap_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v a_o cap_n by_o hold_v up_o of_o which_o he_o can_v cause_v the_o wind_n to_o blow_v from_o what_o point_v he_o please_v for_o which_o and_o such_o like_a magical_a exploit_n he_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n be_v elect_v king_n 95._o ericus_n vii_o surname_v victorious_a 96._o ericus_n viii_o surname_v aarsel_n i.e._n rich_a in_o corn._n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v countenance_v christianity_n which_o have_v be_v from_o the_o time_n of_o bero_n till_o his_o reign_n very_o much_o suppress_v and_o endeavour_v by_o law_n to_o establish_v it_o in_o his_o kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v by_o the_o fury_n of_o his_o subject_n tear_v in_o piece_n and_o martyr_v for_o his_o good_a intention_n towards_o they_o 97._o olaus_n surname_v scotkonung_n i.e._n infant-king_n because_o advance_v to_o the_o crown_n when_o young_a he_o embrace_v christianity_n and_o send_v to_o ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n to_o furnish_v he_o with_o able_a minister_n
forty_o german_a mile_n from_o pleskow_n and_o as_o many_o from_o novogardia_n 2._o nieslot_n or_o neuschlos_n i._n e._n new_a fort_n not_o far_o from_o the_o lake_n peipus_n upon_o the_o river_n narva_n 2._o viria_n wiria_n or_o wilandia_n viria_n viria_n which_o have_v alentakia_n on_o the_o east_n harria_n on_o the_o west_n the_o finnic_a bay_n on_o the_o north_n and_o jervia_n on_o the_o south_n place_n remarkable_a in_o it_o be_v 1._o wesenberg_n not_o far_o from_o the_o river_n weissenaa_n which_o a._n d._n 1581._o be_v take_v by_o the_o swede_n from_o the_o muscovite_n 2._o tolsburg_n twelve_o mile_n distant_a from_o wesenberg_n 3._o borcholm_n 3._o harria_n or_o harrenland_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o wicia_n on_o the_o east_n with_o viria_n and_o on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n with_o the_o finnic_a bay_n in_o this_o division_n be_v revalia_n the_o metropolis_n of_o liefland_n a_o little_a but_o handsome_a pleasant_a and_o well_o fortify_v city_n lie_v in_o 59_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n of_o longitude_n in_o the_o year_n 1374_o it_o be_v sell_v to_o the_o great_a master_n of_o livonia_n in_o 1561_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o muscovite_n it_o commit_v itself_o to_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v subject_n to_o they_o here_o be_v ancient_o a_o bishop_n see_v but_o since_o lutheranism_n spread_v itself_o into_o these_o part_n that_o title_n be_v here_o discontinue_v and_o all_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n manage_v by_o superintendent_o for_o the_o promote_a of_o learning_n and_o good_a education_n this_o city_n have_v one_o public_a gymnasium_n wherein_o professor_n and_o tutor_n be_v maintain_v to_o read_v and_o teach_v humanity_n and_o all_o the_o liberal_a arts._n the_o chief_a church_n be_v dedicate_v to_o st._n olaus_n not_o far_o from_o this_o place_n be_v the_o monastery_n of_o st._n bridget_n seat_v upon_o the_o finnic_a coast_n and_o the_o fort_n pade_n or_o badis_n lie_v upon_o the_o river_n assa_n 4._o vikia_fw-la wicia_n or_o wikke_n which_o have_v in_o it_o these_o three_o place_n of_o note_n 1._o habsalia_n habsel_n lie_v upon_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n former_o viz._n in_o the_o time_n of_o frideric_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o dane_n afterward_o a._n d._n 1575._o take_v by_o the_o muscovite_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1581._o gain_v by_o john_n iii_o king_n of_o sweden_n 2._o lode_n 3._o leal_n 4._o wickel_n or_o wyck_n all_o fort_n of_o good_a strength_n and_o consideration_n 5._o jervia_n which_o lie_v landward_o almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o other_o district_v it_o contain_v wittenstein_n oberpalen_n and_o lau_n or_o lais_n place_n of_o moment_n ii_o odepoa_n bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o lake_n peipus_n on_o the_o north_n with_o embeck_n and_o the_o river_n fela_fw-mi and_o pernavia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o great_a bay_n of_o livonia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o lettia_n in_o it_o be_v these_o place_n of_o note_n viz._n 1._o derpat_o derbat_n dorpat_o or_o as_o the_o russes_z call_v it_o juriogoord_n a_o large_a city_n build_v most_o of_o stone_n and_o brick_n and_o secure_v by_o strong_a stonewall_n where_o be_v former_o a_o bishop_n seat_n it_o be_v heretofore_o under_o the_o tzar_n of_o muscovy_n a._n d._n 1230._o under_o the_o pole_n a._n d._n 1582._o afterward_o take_v from_o they_o by_o charles_n duke_n of_o sudermannia_n but_o by_o they_o regain_v a._n d._n 1603._o in_o the_o year_n 1625_o when_o gustavus_n adolphus_n send_v force_n into_o livonia_n under_o the_o command_n of_o jacobus_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr gardie_n this_o city_n be_v gain_v to_o the_o swedish_n crown_n and_o ever_o since_o remain_v as_o a_o part_n of_o its_o possession_n here_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o commodity_n of_o life_n and_o the_o healthfulness_n of_o the_o air_n gustavus_n adolphus_n ann_n 1632_o at_o the_o desire_n of_o one_o john_n skytte_n baron_n in_o ouderof_o who_o have_v sometime_o be_v tutor_n to_o that_o king_n institute_v a_o university_n and_o appoint_v and_o stipend_v one_o rector_n and_o several_a professor_n for_o theology_n history_n mathematics_n etc._n etc._n 2._o warbeck_n upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n embeck_n 3._o kannelek_n 4._o the_o fort_n ringen_n 5._o odepoa_o a_o small_a town_n whence_o the_o whole_a district_n have_v its_o name_n 6._o nienhausen_n a_o strong_a fort_n upon_o the_o border_n of_o muscovy_n 7._o marienburg_n another_o fort_n not_o far_o from_o the_o lake_n peipus_n 8._o tarne_a a_o place_n ancient_o of_o good_a importance_n but_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o muscovite_n it_o be_v besiege_v by_o the_o polander_n and_o at_o last_o by_o they_o take_v and_o when_o they_o quit_v it_o so_o demolish_v that_o though_o the_o swede_n have_v spend_v some_o charge_n in_o repair_v it_o it_o have_v not_o at_o present_a attain_v its_o ancient_a strength_n and_o splendour_n 9_o felinum_n fellin_n fifteen_o german_a mile_n from_o 10._o parnavia_n parnow_n upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n a_o town_n of_o great_a trade_n for_o all_o commodity_n corn_n especial_o first_o of_o all_o add_v to_o the_o swedish_n dominion_n by_o ericus_n fourteen_o king_n of_o sweden_n a_o 1562_o afterward_o take_v by_o the_o pole_n and_o regain_v from_o they_o an_z 1617._o 11._o sales_n or_o lemsael_n with_o some_o other_o less_o remarkable_a town_n and_o fort_n iii_o lettia_n bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o part_n of_o muscovy_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o livonian_a bay_n on_o the_o north_n with_o odepoa_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o river_n dwina_n it_o be_v chief_a city_n be_v 1._o riga_n a_o arch-bishop_n see_v lie_v in_o 48_o deg_fw-la of_o longitude_n and_o 57_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n of_o latitude_n upon_o the_o dwina_n at_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n it_o be_v defend_v with_o a_o strong_a wall_n bulwark_n tower_n a_o extraordinary_a large_a trench_n and_o three_o row_n of_o great_a gun_n which_o be_v put_v in_o good_a order_n and_o readiness_n chief_o by_o the_o care_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n king_n of_o sweden_n here_o be_v a_o note_a harbour_n for_o ship_n much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n from_o germany_n holland_n england_n etc._n etc._n who_o come_v hither_o in_o the_o summertime_n and_o be_v lade_v with_o hemp_n flax_n wax_n pitch_n tar_n with_o plank_n also_o and_o wood_n ready_a hew_v for_o build_v ship_n with_o skin_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o of_o bear_n elk_n fox_n etc._n etc._n and_o fur_n of_o castor_n sables_n martron_n ermine_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v bring_v to_o this_o city_n out_o of_o muscovy_n and_o poland_n in_o the_o wintertime_n over_o the_o ice_n and_o snow_n upon_o sledd_n and_o make_v ready_a for_o sale_n against_o the_o time_n when_o the_o merchant_n usual_o arrive_v the_o citizen_n common_o speak_v either_o swedish_n german_n curlandish_a or_o livonian_a and_o have_v their_o divine_a service_n which_o be_v reform_v according_a to_o the_o augustan_n confession_n always_o celebrate_v in_o some_o one_o of_o those_o language_n in_o the_o year_n 1581._o this_o city_n be_v take_v by_o stephen_n king_n of_o poland_n from_o the_o emperor_n and_o by_o his_o successor_n sigismond_n iii_o endow_v with_o many_o notable_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n and_o by_o he_o keep_v in_o possession_n till_o 1605_o at_o what_o time_n gustavus_n adolphus_n prince_n of_o sweden_n bring_v a_o army_n into_o livonia_n and_o after_o six_o week_n close_a siege_n have_v it_o surrender_v up_o to_o he_o since_o which_o time_n it_o have_v always_o be_v under_o the_o swedish_n power_n 2._o dunamund_n i._n e._n the_o mouth_n of_o the_o duna_n or_o dwina_n so_o call_v from_o its_o situation_n be_v place_v upon_o the_o dwina_n two_o mile_n from_o riga_n at_o its_o very_a entrance_n into_o the_o livonian_a bay_n it_o be_v a_o fort_n of_o great_a importance_n command_v the_o whole_a river_n so_o that_o without_o leave_n have_v from_o the_o governor_n here_o no_o ship_n can_v pass_v into_o or_o come_v out_o of_o the_o harbour_n of_o riga_n and_o because_o the_o dwina_n at_o this_o place_n break_v forcible_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o often_o in_o the_o spring-time_n especial_o bring_v huge_a flake_n of_o ice_n along_o with_o it_o very_o much_o alter_v the_o channel_n and_o thereby_o make_v the_o passage_n into_o the_o river_n very_o dangerous_a there_o be_v wait_v here_o a_o sort_n of_o experience_a guide_n call_v pilosen_v or_o pilot_n who_o for_o small_a wage_n conduct_v all_o stranger_n along_o the_o safe_a way_n either_o up_o to_o riga_n or_o back_o again_o into_o the_o baltic_a 3._o kakenhusen_n kockehaus_n a_o strong_a fort_n where_o be_v ancient_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o riga_n 4._o ascherad_n with_o many_o lesser_a town_n
come_n of_o the_o asian_o into_o these_o part_n say_v odin_n or_o woden_n the_o great_a captain_n of_o the_o asae_n spread_v his_o language_n over_o saxony_n as_o well_o as_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o norway_n add_v further_o that_o within_o awhile_o the_o asian_a tongue_n be_v general_o speak_v in_o all_o the_o neighbour_a country_n the_o strong_a argument_n to_o prove_v a_o difference_n between_o this_o tongue_n and_o the_o old_a teutonic_n may_v be_v have_v from_o a_o diligent_a enquiry_n into_o the_o various_a phrase_n and_o propriety_n of_o speech_n use_v in_o both_o of_o they_o but_o when_o we_o consider_v how_o much_o the_o idiom_n of_o the_o high_a and_o low_a dutch_a differ_v and_o how_o vast_o the_o syntax_n of_o our_o english_a language_n be_v alter_v from_o the_o danish_a and_o german_a we_o shall_v have_v reason_n to_o confess_v before_o we_o pronounce_v these_o last_o two_o distinct_a primitive_a language_n that_o time_n be_v able_a strange_o to_o alter_v the_o physiognomy_n of_o tongue_n as_o well_o as_o man_n however_o the_o dispute_n be_v like_o short_o to_o have_v a_o end_n and_o the_o dane_n will_v in_o a_o little_a while_n if_o they_o do_v not_o already_o speak_v good_a dutch._n for_o the_o german_a tongue_n be_v now_o ordinary_o speak_v in_o copenhagen_n and_o most_o of_o the_o chief_a trade_n city_n in_o denmark_n to_o let_v pass_v the_o story_n of_o king_n dan_n government_n government_n who_o some_o historian_n make_v to_o reign_v in_o this_o kingdom_n three_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o unquestionable_a testimony_n of_o the_o best_a roman_a writer_n that_o denmark_n be_v a_o monarchy_n in_o the_o consulship_n of_o catulus_n and_o marius_n near_o a_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n afterward_o we_o have_v a_o certain_a account_n of_o gothric_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a from_o who_o the_o present_a king_n 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son_n have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n and_o heir_n of_o norway_n the_o election_n in_o ancient_a time_n be_v common_o have_v in_o this_o solemn_a manner_n as_o many_o of_o the_o noble_n as_o be_v senator_n and_o have_v power_n to_o give_v their_o voice_n agree_v upon_o some_o convenient_a place_n in_o the_o field_n where_o seat_v themselves_o in_o a_o circle_n upon_o so_o many_o great_a stone_n they_o give_v their_o vote_n this_o do_v they_o place_v their_o new_a elect_a monarch_n in_o the_o middle_n upon_o a_o stone_n high_o than_o the_o rest_n and_o salute_v he_o king_n in_o seland_n to_o this_o day_n there_o be_v such_o a_o company_n of_o stone_n which_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o kongstolen_a or_o the_o king_n seat_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n tell_v we_o the_o same_o story_n of_o a_o great_a stone_n call_v by_o the_o vicenage_n morastaen_n near_o vpsal_n in_o sweden_n near_a st._n buriens_fw-la in_o cornwall_n in_o a_o place_n which_o the_o cornish-man_n call_v biscow-woune_a be_v to_o be_v see_v nineteen_o stone_n set_v in_o a_o round_a circle_n distant_a every_o one_o about_o twelve_o foot_n from_o the_o other_o and_o in_o the_o very_a centre_n one_o pitch_v far_o high_a and_o great_a than_o the_o rest_n this_o cambden_n fancy_n to_o have_v be_v some_o trophy_n erect_v by_o the_o roman_n under_o the_o late_a emperor_n or_o else_o by_o athelstane_n the_o saxon_a when_o he_o have_v subdue_v cornwall_n and_o bring_v it_o under_o his_o dominion_n but_o wormius_n more_o probable_o guess_n that_o in_o this_o place_n some_o danish_a or_o saxon_a king_n be_v elect_v by_o his_o follower_n and_o i_o conceive_v the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o long_n meg_n and_o her_o daughter_n near_o little_a salkeld_n in_o cumberland_n but_o to_o return_v to_o denmark_n of_o late_a year_n the_o dane_n in_o their_o election_n have_v follow_v the_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n till_o frederic_n iii_o in_o the_o year_n 1660_o who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o venture_v to_o exercise_v the_o authority_n of_o a_o absolute_a prince_n and_o to_o shake_v off_o the_o dependence_n his_o ancestor_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v upon_o the_o good_a will_n of_o their_o subject_n procure_v with_o fair_a word_n and_o threat_n a_o law_n to_o be_v establish_v that_o for_o the_o future_a the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n shall_v immediate_o upon_o the_o king_n death_n descend_v upon_o his_o lawful_a heir_n whereupon_o the_o present_a king_n christian_n v._o be_v the_o same_o night_n his_o father_n die_v without_o any_o previous_a election_n or_o consent_v ask_v of_o the_o nobility_n proclaim_v king_n the_o rite_n of_o coronation_n be_v usual_o perform_v at_o copenhagen_n where_o the_o king_n be_v anoint_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o roschild_n the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n which_o have_v hitherto_o be_v publish_v king_n catalogue_n of_o their_o king_n be_v so_o imperfect_a and_o contradictory_n one_o to_o another_o that_o it_o be_v utter_o impossible_a to_o give_v a_o 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for_o many_o of_o they_o to_o be_v dub_v knight_n upon_o any_o considerable_a piece_n of_o service_n do_v their_o king_n or_o country_n the_o dane_n call_v their_o knight_n ridders_n i._n e._n equites_fw-la rider_n and_o all_o their_o offspring_n have_v the_o title_n of_o riddersmens_n man_n the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o knighthood_n in_o denmark_n elephant_n knight_n of_o the_o elephant_n be_v that_o of_o the_o elephant_n of_o which_o we_o can_v have_v a_o better_a account_n than_o be_v give_v we_o by_o the_o learned_a elias_n ashmole_n esquire_n windsor_n herald_n at_o arm_n in_o his_o famous_a work_n of_o the_o institution_n law_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n p._n 120._o observe_v say_v he_o some_o difference_n among_o writer_n touch_v the_o institution_n collar_n and_o ensign_n of_o this_o order_n i_o be_v in_o doubt_n what_o to_o say_v till_o at_o length_n i_o haply_o meet_v with_o better_a satisfaction_n from_o a_o letter_n write_v 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sixtus_n the_o four_o and_o that_o the_o badge_n be_v a_o ensign_n mere_o military_a ancient_o give_v as_o a_o memorial_n and_o incitement_n to_o the_o danish_a prince_n who_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o defence_n of_o christianity_n against_o the_o moor_n and_o african_n it_o be_v great_o presume_v that_o this_o book_n which_o we_o hope_v may_v short_o be_v publish_v will_v furnish_v the_o world_n with_o many_o choice_a thing_n relate_v to_o the_o antiquity_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o institution_n ensign_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o royal_a order_n heretofore_o the_o knight_n wear_v a_o collar_n of_o gold_n compose_v of_o elephant_n and_o cross_n fashion_v something_o like_o cross_n ancree_n mennenius_n call_v they_o spur_n at_o which_o hang_v the_o picture_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n to_o the_o middle_n hold_v christ_n in_o her_o arm_n and_o surround_v with_o a_o glory_n of_o sunbeam_n but_o they_o have_v long_o since_o lay_v this_o collar_n aside_o and_o now_o wear_v only_o a_o 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they_o be_v publish_v by_o mr._n lambard_n you_o have_v the_o other_o two_o sort_n describe_v the_o first_o that_o thorough_o abolish_v all_o kind_n of_o ordale_n in_o denmark_n be_v king_n waldemar_n the_o second_o about_o the_o year_n 1240_o at_o the_o request_n of_o pope_n innocent_a the_o three_o who_o think_v it_o a_o intolerable_a and_o heinous_a impiety_n thus_o to_o tempt_v god_n barclay_n in_o his_o icon_n animorum_fw-la wonder_n that_o such_o innumerable_a swarm_n of_o man_n shall_v sally_v out_o of_o these_o part_n as_o be_v able_a to_o overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n whereas_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v such_o a_o scarcity_n of_o inhabitant_n that_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v hardly_o able_a to_o wage_v war_n with_o any_o of_o his_o neighbour_n without_o a_o supply_n of_o soldier_n out_o of_o foreign_a country_n but_o this_o be_v no_o such_o great_a miracle_n when_o we_o consider_v how_o the_o vast_a empire_n in_o the_o world_n assyria_n egypt_n 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divide_v former_o the_o dukedom_n of_o holstein_n from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n before_o the_o invention_n of_o gun_n and_o other_o terrible_a engine_n of_o war_n now_o use_v by_o all_o the_o european_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o know_a world_n the_o only_a fortification_n and_o rampart_n be_v strong_a wall_n and_o ditch_n which_o the_o ancient_n fancy_v as_o indeed_o they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o arrow_n and_o battleax_n the_o only_a weapon_n then_o in_o use_n of_o their_o barbarous_a neighbour_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o chinois_n think_v their_o empire_n secure_v from_o the_o incursion_n of_o their_o bloody_a neighbour_n the_o tartar_n when_o their_o famous_a king_n tzinzow_n have_v hedge_v they_o in_o with_o a_o wall_n of_o some_o hundred_o of_o mile_n in_o length_n thus_o the_o best_a expedient_a the_o roman_n can_v find_v of_o put_v the_o border_n of_o their_o british_a dominion_n in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n against_o 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turui_fw-la kunu_n sina_fw-la tanmarkur-bat_n i.e._n gormo_n the_o king_n erect_v this_o tomb_n for_o thyra_n his_o queen_n danebode_v or_o repairer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n this_o inscription_n can_v be_v a_o epitaph_n write_v after_o queen_n thyra_n death_n see_v all_o the_o danish_a writer_n assert_v positive_o that_o she_o outlive_v her_o husband_n gormo_n many_o year_n and_o after_o his_o death_n take_v the_o danewirk_n in_o hand_n so_o that_o its_o more_o than_o probable_a the_o surname_n of_o danebode_v be_v give_v she_o for_o the_o many_o good_a office_n she_o have_v do_v the_o nation_n in_o repair_v several_a old_a decay_a castle_n and_o fort_n and_o build_v a_o great_a many_o new_a one_o king_n eric_n the_o eight_o in_o his_o danish_a chronicle_n say_v thyra_n build_v the_o fort_n of_o wood_n which_o witfield_n understand_v of_o the_o fence_a the_o rampire_n with_o stake_n as_o bulwark_n be_v guard_v in_o our_o modern_a fortification_n other_o make_v harald_n blaatand_v queen_n thyra_n son_n the_o first_o author_n of_o this_o work_n after_o he_o have_v drive_v the_o emperor_n otho_n out_o of_o jutland_n which_o erasmus_n laetus_n the_o danish_a virgil_n allude_v to_o when_o speak_v of_o this_o king_n harald_n he_o say_v hic_fw-la ille_fw-la est_fw-la solido_fw-la primn_v qui_fw-la cimbrica_n vallo_fw-la munijt_fw-la arva_fw-la solique_fw-la ingens_fw-la e_fw-la corpore_fw-la dorsum_fw-la eruit_fw-la immani_fw-la quod_fw-la se_fw-la curvamine_fw-la longos_fw-la incitat_fw-la in_o tractus_fw-la mediumque_fw-la perambulat_fw-la isthmum_fw-la et_fw-la maris_fw-la eoi_fw-fr ripas_fw-la cum_fw-la littore_fw-la jungit_fw-la hesperio_fw-la ac_fw-la tenuem_fw-la sleswici_fw-la respicit_fw-la urbem_fw-la king_n eric_n decide_v this_o controversy_n by_o tell_v we_o that_o thyra_n build_v a_o wooden_a fortification_n and_o afterward_o advise_v her_o son_n to_o strengthen_v the_o work_n by_o trench_n and_o rampire_n of_o earth_n notwithstanding_o all_o these_o relation_n of_o other_o historian_n both_o pontanus_n and_o wormius_n agree_v that_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a the_o rude_a draught_n of_o this_o fort_n be_v first_o draw_v by_o king_n gothric_n and_o only_o repair_v and_o improve_v by_o queen_n thyra_n king_n harald_n and_o other_o succeed_a prince_n waldemar_n the_o first_o build_v a_o wall_n of_o brick_n seven_o foot_n broad_a and_o eighteen_o high_a to_o strengthen_v it_o after_o so_o many_o improvement_n the_o fort_n be_v reckon_v impregnable_a for_o soon_o after_o king_n waldemar_n reparation_n when_o henry_n duke_n of_o saxony_n surname_v the_o lion_n intend_v to_o have_v endeavour_v a_o breach_n through_o this_o fort_n into_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n he_o be_v dissuade_v from_o the_o enterprise_n by_o his_o chief_a counsellor_n bernhard_n razburg_n who_o represent_v the_o undertake_n as_o a_o thing_n impossible_a to_o be_v effect_v assure_v he_o danewirkae_n custodium_fw-la danorum_fw-la sexaginta_fw-la millibus_fw-la mandatum_fw-la esse_fw-la i.e._n that_o danewirk_n be_v defend_v by_o a_o garrison_n of_o sixty_o thousand_o dane_n hence_o king_n sueno_n find_v himself_o unable_a to_o force_v his_o way_n through_o so_o strong_a and_o so_o well_o mane_v a_o rampire_n endeavour_v to_o work_v his_o passage_n by_o corrupt_v the_o keeper_n of_o wiglesdor_n the_o only_a gate_n lead_v through_o this_o wall_n into_o jutland_n at_o this_o day_n there_o remain_v but_o slight_a mark_n of_o so_o great_a a_o work_n at_o schubuge_a and_o hesbuge_a two_o small_a village_n upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o wall_n the_o inhabitant_n find_v relic_n of_o old_a furnace_n and_o brick-kiln_n whence_o the_o danish_a antiquary_n conclude_v that_o king_n waldemar_n have_v his_o brick_n burn_v here_o though_o he_o be_v force_v to_o fetch_v mortar_n as_o far_o as_o gothland_n joh._n cypraeus_n tell_v we_o at_o dennenwirch_n a_o inconsiderable_a village_n in_o these_o part_n may_v still_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n where_o queen_n thyra_n lodge_v the_o same_o author_n say_v wiglesdor_n be_v ancient_o call_v kaelgate_n because_o place_v in_o a_o open_a and_o plain_a part_n of_o the_o country_n where_o the_o enemy_n can_v have_v no_o shelter_n nor_o be_v in_o any_o probability_n of_o suprize_v the_o defendant_n holstein_n ancient_o the_o whole_a territory_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o holstein_n contain_v at_o present_a in_o the_o province_n of_o holstein_n proper_o so_o call_v ditmarss_n wagerland_n and_o stormar_n go_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o nortablingia_n or_o the_o country_n beyond_o the_o elb_n northwards_o adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n be_v the_o first_o that_o mention_n holsatia_n which_o the_o former_a derive_v from_o holts-geseten_a i.e._n seat_v in_o a_o wood_n or_o forest_n ducatus_fw-la holsatiae_fw-la descriptio_fw-la novissima_fw-la excudebant_fw-la janssâ—â—io-waesbergii_a et_fw-la moses_n pitt_n the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o soil_n convenience_n of_o trade_n in_o the_o baltic_a and_o british_a sea_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n render_v holstein_n the_o rich_a country_n in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n and_o make_v the_o income_n of_o some_o of_o the_o nobility_n exceed_v the_o treasure_n of_o many_o prince_n in_o germany_n the_o chief_a city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o holstein_n be_v 1._o kyel_n chilonium_fw-la seat_v on_o the_o baltic_a shore_n in_o a_o corner_n of_o land_n shut_v in_o betwixt_o the_o mouth_n of_o two_o river_n whence_o some_o have_v fetch_v its_o name_n from_o the_o german_a word_n kiel_n which_o signify_v a_o wedge_n it_o be_v furnish_v with_o a_o large_a and_o commodious_a haven_n which_o be_v continual_o throng_v with_o merchant-ship_n from_o germany_n liefland_n sweden_n and_o all_o the_o isle_n on_o the_o baltic_a sea_n there_o be_v yearly_a in_o this_o town_n a_o meeting_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o holstein_n who_o come_v hither_o to_o consult_v about_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o dukedom_n especial_o the_o concern_v of_o the_o mint_n and_o value_n of_o money_n the_o castle_n which_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o
endeavour_n to_o prove_v that_o xen._n lampsacenus_n mention_n the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o thence_o conclude_v that_o this_o name_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o most_o of_o the_o modern_a geographer_n fancy_n who_o make_v adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n the_o first_o author_n that_o call_v this_o bay_a mare_n balthicum_n but_o he_o that_o shall_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o examine_v pliny_n word_n upon_o this_o occasion_n will_v find_v that_o no_o mention_n be_v there_o make_v of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n but_o of_o a_o island_n only_o in_o these_o part_n call_v baltia_n which_o be_v now_o name_v schonen_fw-mi but_o be_v not_o as_o the_o ancient_n imagine_v a_o isle_n from_o this_o baltia_n some_o think_v this_o sea_n be_v call_v baltic_n as_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o island_n adria_n other_o more_o happy_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o the_o danish_a and_o english_a word_n belt_n because_o seeland_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n be_v gird_v round_o with_o this_o bay_n and_o to_o this_o day_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o seeland_n and_o funen_n call_v that_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o part_n these_o two_o island_n die_v belt_n pomponius_n mela_n who_o be_v follow_v by_o many_o late_a writer_n of_o good_a note_n call_v the_o baltic_a sea_n sinus_n codanus_n which_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o danish_a bay_n for_o codanus_n godanus_n or_o gedanus_n be_v the_o same_o with_o danus_n and_o gedanum_n and_o dantiscum_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o indeed_o when_o we_o consider_v what_o a_o large_a portion_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n be_v encircle_v with_o the_o sea_n we_o shall_v find_v reason_n enough_o notwithstanding_o the_o late_a surrender_n of_o several_a island_n to_o the_o swede_n to_o let_v it_o still_o retain_v this_o its_o ancient_a name_n the_o most_o considerable_a island_n in_o the_o baltic_a which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v fionia_n fionia_n or_o funen_n be_v part_v from_o jutland_n by_o a_o straight_a of_o the_o baltic_a call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n medelfarsund_v about_o one_o german_a mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o separate_v from_o seeland_n by_o the_o beltis-sund_a or_o baltic_n bay_n the_o length_n of_o it_o from_o east_n to_o west_n be_v about_o ten_o german_a mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n eight_o saxon_a grammaticus_n lyscander_n and_o most_o of_o the_o danish_a writer_n make_v this_o the_o pleasant_a piece_n of_o ground_n in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n whence_o they_o have_v fancy_v the_o island_n have_v its_o name_n from_o fine_a which_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n in_o funen_n as_o in_o england_n though_o adam_n bremensis_n may_v seem_v to_o favour_v this_o conceit_n in_o call_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n finni_n and_o their_o country_n finningia_n and_o pontanus_n allow_v the_o etymology_n yet_o methinks_v stephanius_n guess_v better_a at_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n when_o he_o fetch_v it_o from_o fion_n which_o in_o the_o old_a runic_a monument_n signify_v a_o neck_n of_o land_n rend_v from_o the_o continent_n and_o such_o any_o man_n will_v suppose_v funen_n to_o be_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o view_v that_o slender_a frith_n which_o at_o this_o day_n separate_v that_o island_n from_o jutland_n the_o island_n abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o corn_n especial_o wheat_n and_o rye_n which_o be_v hence_o yearly_o transport_v in_o great_a quantity_n into_o other_o nation_n beside_o the_o native_n have_v general_o great_a herd_n of_o cattle_n and_o very_o good_a breed_v of_o horse_n the_o wood_n which_o overspread_v almost_o the_o whole_a island_n be_v exceed_o well_o store_v with_o deer_n hare_n and_o fox_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o this_o island_n be_v ottensee_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o take_v its_o name_n from_o woden_n the_o great_a god_n of_o the_o ancient_a dane_n who_o some_o of_o their_o historian_n call_v othin_n or_o odin_n other_o more_o probable_o say_v it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o who_o overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n and_o leave_v his_o name_n in_o more_o place_n than_o one_o this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o letter_n write_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o three_o about_o the_o year_n 987_o in_o which_o this_o city_n be_v name_v vrbs_fw-la othonesvigensis_n pontanus_n think_v it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o king_n harald_n who_o to_o testify_v his_o gratitude_n to_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o by_o who_o procurement_n he_o be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n call_v it_o ottonia_n or_o ottensche_n and_o his_o son_n suenotto_n this_o city_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o island_n and_o therefore_o in_o a_o fit_a place_n for_o the_o session_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o magistracy_n which_o be_v yearly_o hold_v in_o this_o place_n as_o be_v likewise_o the_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n before_o the_o year_n 1660._o the_o building_n in_o this_o town_n be_v general_o well_o build_v and_o the_o street_n uniform_a beside_o other_o public_a building_n there_o be_v in_o it_o two_o fair_a church_n whereof_o one_o be_v dedicate_v to_o st._n cnute_n the_o other_o to_o st._n francis_n not_o far_o from_o the_o former_a of_o these_o stand_v a_o stately_a town-hall_n upon_o a_o very_a spacious_a marketplace_n where_o king_n frideric_n ii_o renew_v the_o ancient_a league_n between_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o sleswic_n in_o the_o year_n 1575._o when_o the_o choir_n of_o st._n cnute_n church_n be_v repair_v in_o the_o year_n 1582_o the_o workman_n find_v in_o a_o vault_n a_o copper_n coffin_a gild_a and_o adorn_v with_o precious_a stone_n upon_o which_o be_v write_v the_o follow_a inscription_n in_o old_a latin-gothic_a character_n jam_fw-la coelo_fw-la tutus_fw-la summo_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la canutus_n martyr_n in_o aurata_fw-la rex_fw-la atque_fw-la reconditur_fw-la arca_fw-la et_fw-la pro_fw-la justitiae_fw-la factis_fw-la occisus_fw-la inque_fw-la ut_fw-la christum_fw-la vita_fw-la sic_fw-la morte_fw-la fatetur_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la traditur_fw-la a_o proprio_fw-la sicut_fw-la deus_fw-la ipse_fw-la ministro_fw-la a.d._n mlxxxvi_o other_o town_n of_o note_n in_o funen_n be_v 1._o bowens_n a_o port-town_n of_o good_a trade_n seat_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o island_n at_o the_o north-end_n of_o medelfarsund_n 2._o middlefar_n seat_v on_o the_o common_a passage_n from_o this_o island_n to_o kolding_n in_o jutland_n on_o the_o thirty_o of_o january_n in_o the_o year_n 1658._o carolus_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n lead_v his_o army_n over_o the_o ice_n to_o this_o place_n and_o have_v rout_v the_o danish_a force_n that_o oppose_v he_o make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n of_o the_o whole_a isle_n of_o funen_n 3._o ascens_fw-la not_o far_o from_o the_o mountain_n of_o ossenburgh_n where_o john_n de_fw-fr hoy_n nicholas_n fechlenburgh_n and_o gustavus_n troll_n bishop_n of_o vpsal_n be_v slay_v and_o their_o army_n command_v by_o christopher_n earl_n of_o oldenburgh_n total_o rout_v by_o john_n rantzaw_v king_n christian_n the_o three_o general_n who_o level_v this_o city_n to_o the_o ground_n 4._o foborg_n upon_o the_o southern_a coast_n of_o the_o island_n it_o be_v once_o burn_v by_o the_o unruly_a soldier_n of_o christian_a the_o three_o whilst_o odensee_n adhere_v to_o the_o captive_a prince_n christian_n the_o second_o who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v keep_v close_a prisoner_n at_o sunderburg_n redeem_v itself_o from_o the_o like_a fate_n by_o a_o large_a sum_n of_o money_n 5._o swynborg_n over_o against_o the_o island_n of_o langland_n from_o this_o place_n carolus_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n lead_v his_o army_n over_o the_o ice_n into_o seeland_n in_o the_o year_n 1658._o 6._o nyborg_n the_o usual_a passage_n from_o funen_n into_o seeland_n this_o city_n be_v first_o fortify_v with_o a_o moat_n and_o bulwark_n by_o king_n christian_n the_o three_o it_o be_v very_o memorable_a for_o the_o battle_n fight_v by_o the_o confederate_n of_o the_o empire_n brandenburg_n poland_n and_o the_o low_a country_n in_o the_o year_n 1659._o against_o the_o swede_n who_o in_o that_o engagement_n be_v overthrow_v and_o utter_o rout_v out_o of_o funen_n beside_o the_o great_a town_n mention_v there_o be_v in_o funen_n a_o great_a number_n of_o fair_a village_n among_o which_o they_o reckon_v up_o no_o less_o than_o 264_o parish_n church_n seeland_n seeland_n the_o large_a fair_a and_o most_o fruitful_a island_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n lie_v to_o the_o east_n of_o funen_n from_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o by_o the_o belt_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v part_v from_o schonen_fw-mi by_o a_o small_a frith_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n oresundt_fw-mi through_o which_o
fish_n butter_n tallow_n hides_n etc._n etc._n be_v bring_v from_o all_o part_n of_o norway_n to_o be_v ship_v off_o into_o other_o country_n the_o townsman_n not_o many_o year_n ago_o observe_v the_o daily_a increase_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o the_o great_a concourse_n of_o stranger_n which_o it_o draw_v from_o all_o part_n and_o fear_v they_o themselves_o may_v at_o last_o be_v prejudice_v by_o a_o unlimited_a and_o general_a admission_n of_o foreign_a tradesman_n and_o merchant_n into_o their_o city_n make_v a_o order_n that_o whoever_o will_v after_o such_o a_o time_n be_v admit_v a_o freeman_n of_o the_o town_n shall_v either_o be_v whip_v at_o a_o game_n institute_v upon_o this_o occasion_n and_o call_v by_o they_o gantenspill_n or_o roll_v in_o mud_n and_o dirt_n or_o last_o hang_v in_o a_o basket_n over_o some_o intolerable_a and_o filthy_a smoke_n this_o hard_a usage_n quick_o diminish_v the_o number_n of_o foreigner_n who_o fancy_v it_o scarce_o worth_n their_o while_n to_o purchase_v their_o freedom_n at_o so_o dear_a and_o scandalous_a a_o rate_n but_o of_o late_a the_o industry_n and_o skill_n as_o well_o as_o number_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n increase_n these_o barbarous_a custom_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o the_o citizen_n themselves_o be_v now_o able_a to_o export_v what_o be_v former_o fetch_v away_o from_o they_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n be_v heretofore_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o truntheim_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o berghen_n be_v subject_a the_o prefecture_n of_o sudhornleen_n nordhornleen_n soghne_n sudfiord_n norfiord_n and_o sundmerleen_n the_o prefecture_n and_o bishopric_n of_o nidrosia_n or_o truntheim_n the_o four_o castle_n and_o government_n in_o norway_n be_v that_o of_o the_o city_n nidrosia_n as_o it_o be_v ancient_o call_v from_o the_o river_n nider_n on_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v or_o truntheim_n former_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o king_n and_o archbishop_n of_o norway_n pontanus_n somewhere_o call_v this_o city_n the_o cabinet_n of_o all_o the_o norwegian_a monument_n but_o wormius_n find_v no_o great_a reason_n to_o confer_v so_o honourable_a a_o title_n upon_o it_o when_o after_o a_o diligent_a search_n into_o the_o antiquity_n old_a monument_n and_o relic_n of_o the_o primitive_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o kingdom_n he_o meet_v with_o no_o more_o than_o three_o runic_a inscription_n in_o this_o whole_a diocese_n the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o haven_n make_v this_o place_n resort_v to_o by_o some_o mariner_n and_o merchant_n to_o this_o day_n but_o the_o ruin_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o look_v more_o like_o a_o village_n than_o city_n not_o have_v have_v any_o opportunity_n of_o recover_v its_o former_a splendour_n since_o it_o be_v burn_v down_o in_o the_o year_n 1522._o its_o house_n be_v a_o company_n of_o old_a fashion_a and_o rot_a building_n and_o the_o king_n palace_n be_v decay_v below_o the_o meanness_n of_o a_o 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but_o instead_o thereof_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v use_v of_o fish-bone_n as_o well_o to_o build_v their_o house_n and_o for_o several_a implement_n of_o householdstuff_n as_o fuel_n and_o with_o the_o fat_a of_o the_o same_o fish_n they_o feed_v their_o lamp_n in_o winter_n the_o prefecture_n of_o truntheim_n in_o the_o year_n 1658_o be_v by_o the_o dane_n surrender_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n by_o a_o public_a treaty_n of_o peace_n the_o next_o year_n they_o wrest_v it_o again_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n but_o resign_v it_o back_o at_o the_o treaty_n of_o roschild_n halgoland_n the_o country_n of_o ohther_n king_n aelfred_n geographer_n be_v a_o part_n of_o this_o prefecture_n of_o which_o that_o author_n give_v this_o account_n to_o the_o king_n his_o master_n ê§_n nan_o man_n ne_o bude_n be_v nor_o ðh_n a_fw-fr he_o i_o e._n that_o no_o inhabit_a country_n lie_v further_a north_n than_o this_o but_o the_o great_a fish_n trade_n upon_o these_o coast_n have_v make_v the_o english_a better_a acquaint_v with_o these_o part_n than_o this_o gentleman_n be_v with_o his_o own_o country_n the_o prefecture_n of_o wardhus_n the_o castle_n of_o wardhus_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o five_o and_o last_o great_a governor_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o island_n warda_n in_o which_o it_o stand_v this_o isle_n lie_v about_o two_o german_a mile_n from_o the_o main_a land_n of_o finmark_n be_v near_o twelve_o english_a mile_n in_o compass_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o and_o the_o two_o adjoin_a isle_n which_o in_o finmark_n go_v all_o under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o trunsolem_n live_v only_o upon_o stockfish_n which_o they_o dry_v in_o the_o frost_n they_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o bread_n nor_o drink_n but_o what_o be_v bring_v they_o from_o other_o place_n some_o small_a stock_n of_o cattle_n they_o have_v but_o only_o such_o as_o can_v make_v a_o shift_n to_o live_v of_o their_o master_n diet_n dry_a fish_n finmark_n or_o norwegian_n lapland_n on_o the_o north_n of_o norway_n lie_v finmark_n or_o as_o the_o native_n use_v to_o call_v it_o taakemark_n which_o perhaps_o be_v the_o ancient_a habitation_n of_o the_o finni_n mention_v by_o tacitus_n for_o the_o character_n which_o that_o historian_n give_v we_o of_o those_o people_n be_v very_o applicable_a to_o the_o modern_a finmarker_n the_o finni_n say_v he_o be_v a_o people_n extraordinary_a savage_a and_o miserable_o poor_a they_o have_v neither_o horse_n arm_n house_n nor_o home_n but_o feed_v upon_o root_n and_o such_o provision_n as_o their_o bow_n and_o arrow_n can_v procure_v and_o be_v clothe_v with_o the_o skin_n of_o wild_a beast_n to_o this_o day_n finmark_n be_v not_o divide_v as_o all_o other_o country_n general_o be_v into_o distinct_a lordship_n and_o inheritance_n but_o as_o in_o mr._n hobbes_n state_n of_o nature_n every_o private_a man_n pretend_v a_o right_a and_o title_n to_o every_o part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o 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king_n w._n lambert_n in_o his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d assure_v we_o that_o all_o the_o island_n nation_n and_o kingdom_n in_o the_o north_n and_o east_n sea_n as_o far_o as_o russia_n be_v tributary_n to_o he_o and_o geoffry_n of_o monmouth_n say_v king_n arthur_z at_o one_o time_n summon_v no_o less_o than_o six_o king_n to_o appear_v before_o he_o at_o his_o court_n in_o britain_n viz._n 1._o guillaumur_n king_n of_o ireland_n 2._o malvase_n king_n of_o iseland_n 3._o doldaff_n king_n of_o gothland_n 4._o gunnase_n king_n of_o orkney_n 5._o lot_z king_n of_o norway_n and_o 6._o aschile_o king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o these_o conquest_n the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o norwegian_n incorporate_v into_o one_o nation_n with_o the_o britain_n but_o this_o amity_n be_v of_o no_o long_a continuance_n for_o norway_n be_v at_o too_o great_a a_o distance_n
and_o its_o people_n too_o stiff-necked_a to_o be_v keep_v in_o subjection_n in_o the_o day_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n a_o continual_a and_o uninterrupted_a war_n between_o this_o nation_n and_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n put_v a_o stop_n to_o all_o trade_n in_o the_o british_a and_o norwegian_a sea_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o dane_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o this_o island_n commerce_n be_v again_o renew_v which_o last_v till_o the_o english_a take_v their_o opportunity_n to-shew_a the_o world_n by_o reject_v the_o power_n of_o denmark_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o communication_n with_o that_o people_n how_o high_o they_o resent_v the_o tyrannical_a usurpation_n of_o foreign_a prince_n since_o the_o conquest_n england_n have_v seldom_o or_o never_o want_v a_o considerable_a fleet_n of_o norway_n merchantman_n william_n of_o malmesbury_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1142_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o his_o time_n bristol_n be_v a_o place_n much_o frequent_v by_o the_o 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in_o which_o it_o be_v order_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o and_o for_o every_o person_n and_o person_n native_a or_o foreigner_n from_o and_o after_o the_o first_o day_n of_o may_n 1673_o at_o all_o time_n to_o have_v free_a liberty_n to_o trade_n into_o and_o from_o sweden_n denmark_n and_o norway_n this_o and_o several_a other_o clause_n of_o the_o same_o act_n which_o take_v off_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o custom_n former_o pay_v upon_o the_o importation_n of_o any_o east-land_n commodity_n have_v encourage_v great_a number_n of_o merchant_n and_o other_o to_o traffic_v in_o these_o northern_a sea_n and_o improve_v the_o trade_n of_o greenland_n and_o norway_n far_o beyond_o the_o example_n of_o former_a age_n for_o though_o the_o advantage_n that_o can_v be_v hope_v for_o from_o these_o kind_n of_o voyage_n be_v not_o answerable_a to_o what_o may_v be_v expect_v out_o of_o the_o levant_n and_o american_n plantation_n yet_o the_o small_a danger_n and_o charge_n these_o man_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v strong_a inducement_n to_o venture_v a_o voyage_n wherein_o the_o hazard_n be_v not_o great_a nor_o any_o way_n proportionable_a to_o the_o prospect_n of_o gain_n beside_o in_o the_o act_n before_o mention_v it_o be_v provide_v that_o whatsoever_o person_n or_o person_n subject_n of_o this_o realm_n shall_v desire_v to_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o fellowship_n of_o merchant_n of_o eastland_n shall_v be_v admit_v into_o the_o say_a fellowship_n pay_v for_o his_o admission_n the_o sum_n of_o forty_o shilling_n and_o no_o more_o which_o be_v a_o sum_n exceed_o inconsiderable_a if_o compare_v with_o the_o fee_n pay_v upon_o admission_n into_o some_o other_o company_n the_o island_n of_o fero_n the_o fero_n island_n be_v only_o so_o many_o high_a and_o rocky_a mountain_n in_o the_o northern_a sea_n divide_v from_o one_o another_o by_o narrow_a frith_n and_o rapid_a current_n and_o enclose_v a_o large_a or_o lesser_a circuit_n of_o stony_a valley_n cover_v over_o with_o a_o turf_n of_o about_o two_o foot_n thick_a they_o be_v so_o call_v from_o fare_n which_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o native_n signify_v a_o ferry_n from_o the_o many_o ferries_n or_o cross_n of_o the_o water_n from_o one_o island_n to_o another_o they_o be_v sixteen_o in_o number_n 1._o fugloe_n or_o fowl-island_n about_o three_o english_a mile_n long_o and_o two_o broad_a 2._o swino_n in_o which_o be_v a_o pleasant_a valley_n of_o a_o mile_n in_o length_n 3._o videroe_n six_o mile_n long_o and_o three_o broad_a 4._o bordoe_v six_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o a_o mile_n broad_a famous_a for_o a_o good_a harbour_n call_v by_o the_o native_n vaag_v 5._o cunoe_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n 6._o kalsoe_n something_o long_o and_o broad_a than_o either_o of_o the_o former_a 7._o osteroe_n twenty_o mile_n long_o and_o in_o some_o place_n two_o in_o other_o four_o mile_n broad_a 8._o stromoe_n twentyfour_o mile_n long_o and_o eight_o broad_a in_o this_o island_n stand_v thors-haven_n the_o metropolis_n and_o town_n of_o great_a traffic_n in_o all_o the_o fero_n island_n 9_o wagoe_o a_o round_a piece_n of_o ground_n of_o about_o eight_o mile_n in_o diameter_n 10._o migness_n 11._o rolter_n a_o mile_n long_o and_o half_a a_o mile_n broad_a 12._o sandoe_n eight_o mile_n long_o and_o four_o mile_n broad_a 13._o sknoe_n three_o mile_n long_o and_o one_o in_o breadth_n 14._o storetdiemen_n 15._o lille-diemen_n 16._o sideroe_n twenty_o mile_n long_o and_o eight_o broad_a the_o air_n in_o these_o island_n be_v in_o summer_n temperate_o warm_a not_o very_o hot_a at_o any_o time_n in_o the_o cold_a winter_n the_o frost_n be_v never_o so_o violent_a as_o to_o cause_v ice_n in_o any_o of_o the_o bay_n so_o that_o horse_n and_o sheep_n lie_v in_o the_o field_n the_o whole_a winter_n long_o they_o have_v never_o any_o thunder_n in_o the_o summer_n but_o frequent_o in_o the_o spring_n autumn_n and_o winter_n which_o be_v then_o general_o accompany_v with_o a_o storm_n and_o follow_v by_o shower_n of_o rain_n the_o air_n of_o itself_o be_v wholesome_a free_a from_o the_o plague_n smallpox_n or_o any_o contagious_a disease_n except_o bring_v in_o by_o foreigner_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v common_o long-lived_a however_o in_o some_o of_o the_o island_n the_o native_n be_v exceed_o subject_a to_o rheum_n which_o cause_n violent_a cough_n and_o headache_n both_o which_o disease_n they_o cure_v by_o drink_v sour_a whey_n as_o hot_a as_o they_o can_v endure_v it_o beside_o these_o the_o scurvy_a leprosy_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o feverish_a distemper_n call_v by_o the_o native_n landfarsoet_n be_v epidemical_a illness_n which_o reign_n in_o several_a of_o the_o isle_n but_o seldom_o or_o never_o turn_v to_o mortal_a disease_n the_o southern_a island_n produce_v great_a store_n of_o barley_n though_o hardly_o any_o other_o grain_n come_v to_o maturity_n insomuch_o that_o a_o tun_n of_o seed_n will_v ordinary_o yield_v twenty_o or_o 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the_o radix_fw-la rhodia_n call_v in_o their_o language_n hielpe-rod_n be_v not_o where_o meet_v with_o in_o so_o great_a plenty_n as_o in_o these_o island_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o run_a stream_n and_o lake_n the_o distil_a water_n of_o this_o plant_n be_v here_o make_v use_n of_o upon_o all_o occasion_n as_o rose-water_n with_o we_o in_o england_n here_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o fowl_n as_o dove_n stare_v owl_n sparrow-hawk_n crow_n and_o raven_n many_o of_o which_o be_v white_a grelling_n etc._n etc._n their_o chief_a seafowl_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o teal_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o crow_n with_o a_o yellow_a long_a and_o round_a bill_n a_o great_a enemy_n to_o and_o persecutor_n of_o the_o raven_n the_o eyder_n a_o sort_n of_o duck_n which_o yield_v the_o eyder-down_a be_v a_o fowl_n peculiar_a to_o these_o island_n this_o bird_n usual_o pull_v the_o down_o from_o she_o own_o breast_n to_o build_v her_o nest_n
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cucullum_fw-la in_o which_o last_o word_n we_o have_v as_o many_o numeral_a letter_n as_o will_v give_v we_o the_o year_n 1315._o 1318._o ludowic_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n after_o a_o interregnum_fw-la of_o some_o year_n be_v elect_v and_o crown_v emperor_n by_o a_o majority_n of_o the_o elector_n but_o be_v oppose_v by_o frideric_n duke_n of_o austria_n the_o emperor_n albert_n son_n who_o be_v set_v up_o by_o another_o faction_n and_o crown_v at_o bonna_n a_o small_a town_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o colen_n for_o some_o time_n the_o dispute_n be_v manage_v with_o equal_a success_n betwixt_o the_o two_o emperor_n but_o at_o the_o last_o the_o victory_n go_v on_o ludowic_n side_n who_o have_v utter_o rout_v frideric_n army_n get_v the_o whole_a empire_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n he_o be_v a_o great_a opposer_n of_o the_o pope_n authority_n insomuch_o that_o in_o a_o public_a oration_n speak_v by_o he_o at_o francfurt_n he_o declare_v open_o quod_fw-la 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intend_v to_o have_v give_v his_o rival_n battle_n but_o charles_n be_v loath_a to_o encounter_v so_o great_a a_o soldier_n and_o hazard_v a_o empire_n at_o one_o engagement_n which_o have_v cost_v he_o such_o large_a sum_n as_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o some_o of_o his_o votary_n he_o still_o fancy_v his_o gold_n be_v the_o best_a weapon_n he_o have_v to_o trust_v to_o and_o so_o indeed_o it_o prove_v for_o therewith_o he_o hire_v a_o physician_n to_o poison_v gunther_n body_n which_o make_v he_o unfit_a for_o government_n that_o do_v he_o compound_v with_o his_o child_n and_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o money_n buy_v off_o their_o title_n he_o reign_v thirty-two_a year_n 1378._o wenceslaus_n charles_n the_o four_o son_n succeed_v his_o father_n upon_o his_o earnest_a entreaty_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o himself_o that_o can_v deserve_v a_o crown_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o give_v himself_o up_o to_o all_o manner_n of_o vicious_a practice_n and_o towards_o the_o late_a end_n prove_v a_o cruel_a but_o unfortunate_a tyrant_n he_o be_v twice_o take_v prisoner_n but_o make_v his_o escape_n at_o last_o the_o elector_n weary_a of_o so_o sordid_a a_o emperor_n depose_v he_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v twentytwo_a year_n frideric_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n be_v elect_v into_o the_o room_n of_o wenceslaus_n but_o never_o live_v to_o enjoy_v the_o imperial_a crown_n for_o return_v from_o the_o election_n he_o be_v barbarous_o slay_v by_o henry_n count_n waldeck_n who_o with_o a_o company_n of_o ruffian_n lay_v in_o ambush_n for_o he_o near_o fritzlar_n whereupon_o the_o elector_n immediate_o return_v to_o francfurt_n and_o choose_v 1400._o rupert_n elector_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n a_o prince_n of_o great_a valour_n though_o never_o engage_v in_o any_o war_n but_o by_o constraint_n the_o great_a enterprise_n he_o ever_o set_v upon_o be_v the_o recovery_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n which_o his_o predecessor_n wenceslaus_n have_v sell_v but_o john_n galeazze_v at_o that_o time_n duke_n of_o milan_n quick_o rout_v his_o army_n and_o force_v he_o to_o retire_v back_o into_o germany_n he_o die_v in_o peace_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v nine_o year_n and_o ten_o month_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o spire_n 1410._o jodocus_n barbatus_n marquis_n of_o moravia_n and_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o four_o nephew_n succeed_v rupert_n he_o reign_v no_o long_o than_o five_o month_n be_v no_o way_n qualify_v for_o a_o emperor_n and_o have_v nothing_o remarkable_a in_o he_o but_o his_o beard_n which_o surname_v he_o barbatus_n 1411._o sigismond_n wenceslaus_n brother_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n be_v choose_v into_o jodocus_n place_n by_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o elector_n historian_n represent_v this_o emperor_n as_o a_o prince_n of_o incomparable_a piety_n learning_n and_o valour_n who_o want_v nothing_o but_o success_n in_o his_o undertake_n to_o make_v he_o complete_o happy_a he_o be_v a_o great_a promoter_n of_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n hold_v in_o the_o year_n 1415_o wherein_o john_n huss_n and_o jerom_n of_o prague_n notwithstanding_o the_o emperor_n pass_v and_o promise_v that_o they_o shall_v return_v safe_a to_o bohemia_n be_v condemn_v to_o be_v burn_v alive_a for_o heretic_n this_o so_o incense_v the_o hussites_n that_o they_o immediate_o rebel_v against_o sigismond_n under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o general_n zysca_n who_o have_v be_v breed_v up_o in_o the_o emperor_n court_n this_o zysca_n prove_v so_o fortunate_a in_o the_o field_n that_o he_o vanquish_v the_o emperor_n army_n fourteen_o several_a time_n he_o be_v a_o captain_n of_o that_o courage_n that_o after_o his_o death_n his_o soldier_n cover_v a_o drum_n with_o his_o skin_n imagine_v that_o the_o noise_n thereof_o will_v strike_v terror_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o stout_a of_o their_o enemy_n sigismond_n have_v reign_v twenty-seven_o year_n most_o of_o which_o time_n be_v spend_v in_o a_o continual_a war_n with_o the_o hussites_n die_v and_o leave_v his_o empire_n to_o his_o son-in-law_n 1440._o frideric_n iii_o or_o iu_o if_o we_o reckon_v the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n who_o be_v slay_v at_o fritzlar_n for_o one_o duke_n of_o austria_n be_v unanimous_o elect_v into_o the_o imperial_a throne_n upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o emperor_n albert_n and_o be_v crown_v emperor_n at_o rome_n by_o pope_n nicolas_n v._o he_o make_v it_o his_o whole_a business_n to_o procure_v and_o establish_v a_o universal_a peace_n in_o christendom_n and_o to_o that_o end_n procure_v the_o call_n of_o the_o council_n of_o basil_n he_o marry_v leonora_n daughter_n of_o alphonsus_n king_n of_o portugal_n whence_o the_o house_n of_o spain_n and_o austria_n be_v unite_v into_o one_o family_n he_o reign_v fifty_o and_o three_o year_n the_o long_a of_o any_o of_o the_o german_a emperor_n and_o die_v as_o some_o say_v of_o a_o surfeit_n by_o
part_n of_o germany_n so_o that_o these_o still_o retain_v their_o ancient_a form_n until_o the_o frank_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o introduce_v new_a mode_n and_o establish_v a_o new_a sort_n of_o government_n everywhere_o for_o these_o conqueror_n imitate_v the_o roman_n reduce_v all_o germany_n into_o province_n over_o which_o they_o appoint_v so_o many_o duke_n who_o have_v authority_n to_o govern_v and_o to_o administer_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o respective_a commission_n to_o these_o duke_n they_o sometime_o add_v assistant_n who_o be_v from_o their_o office_n which_o be_v to_o aid_v the_o duke_n in_o the_o management_n of_o great_a and_o weighty_a affair_n call_v count_n or_o comites_fw-la the_o duke_n be_v always_o elect_v by_o the_o king_n and_o nobility_n out_o of_o some_o illustrious_a family_n yet_o so_o that_o if_o the_o decease_a duke_n son_n be_v capable_a and_o worthy_a of_o his_o father_n honour_n he_o be_v seldom_o reject_v at_o last_o the_o power_n of_o these_o duke_n grow_v exceed_o great_a and_o terrible_a insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o several_a of_o they_o to_o deny_v to_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o emperor_n which_o when_o charles_n the_o great_a observe_v he_o destroy_v the_o two_o great_a dukedom_n of_o the_o francic_a kingdom_n aquitane_n and_o bavaria_n by_o divide_v they_o into_o several_a small_a county_n but_o not_o long_o after_o charles_n death_n the_o emperor_n create_v new_a duke_n in_o most_o place_n where_o he_o have_v change_v they_o into_o count_n whereupon_o the_o empire_n be_v quick_o reduce_v to_o the_o former_a strait_n every_o duke_n pretend_v to_o and_o exercise_v regal_a authority_n in_o his_o own_o province_n the_o first_o of_o these_o that_o grow_v formidable_o potent_a be_v otho_n duke_n of_o saxony_n afterward_o elect_a emperor_n who_o though_o he_o refuse_v the_o imperial_a diadem_n and_o get_v it_o confer_v on_o conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o most_o powerful_a prince_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n in_o his_o time_n after_o otho_n death_n the_o emperor_n conrade_n use_v all_o mean_n possible_a to_o reduce_v the_o overgrow_a power_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n to_o some_o tolerable_a mediocrity_n but_o his_o endeavour_n prove_v unsuccessful_a and_o duke_n henry_n stout_o maintain_v the_o honour_n and_o privilege_n which_o his_o father_n otho_n have_v enjoy_v without_o disturbance_n from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o emperor_n lay_v under_o a_o obligation_n of_o create_v new_a duke_n who_o get_v into_o their_o hand_n the_o government_n of_o several_a potent_a city_n set_v up_o for_o almost_o absolute_a prince_n our_o learned_a antiquary_n mr._n selden_n reckon_v up_o six_o several_a sort_n of_o grave_n or_o count_n which_o be_v these_o 1._o schlechtgraven_a or_o simple_a count_n 2._o count_n palatine_a which_o as_o will_v be_v show_v anon_o be_v subdivide_v into_o several_a other_o branch_n 3._o count_n of_o the_o empire_n 4._o marck-grave_n or_o count_n of_o the_o frontier_n 5._o landtgrave_n or_o count_n of_o province_n 6._o burggrave_n or_o count_n of_o city_n and_o great_a to_n there_o be_v ancient_o a_o seven_o sort_n here-graven_a who_o answer_v exact_o to_o the_o primitive_a duke_n or_o hertzogen_a for_o as_o the_o office_n of_o these_o be_v to_o conduct_v and_o govern_v the_o soldier_n so_o the_o other_o be_v to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n as_o field-judge_n the_o gefurstete_n graven_n do_v not_o make_v a_o distinct_a species_n be_v nothing_o else_o then_o such_o count_n as_o beside_o their_o ordinary_a title_n may_v challenge_v that_o of_o first_fw-ge or_o prince_n in_o the_o old_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o empire_n we_o meet_v with_o almost_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o inferior_a officer_n who_o have_v the_o title_n of_o graven_n bestow_v on_o they_o such_o be_v 1._o centgrave_a he_o that_o have_v the_o government_n of_o a_o hundred_o we_o may_v english_a the_o word_n high-constable_n 2._o holtz-grave_a or_o wald-grave_a overseer_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o forest_n 3._o gograf_n of_o which_o before_o 4._o spiel-grave_a the_o master_n of_o the_o revel_n 5._o hans-grave_a a_o title_n former_o give_v to_o the_o chief_a judge_n in_o all_o matter_n relate_v to_o trade_n debate_v in_o the_o diet_n at_o ratisbon_n but_o we_o shall_v not_o weary_v the_o reader_n with_o insist_v upon_o these_o obsolete_a title_n of_o honour_n content_v ourselves_o with_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o six_o first_o kind_n which_o be_v all_o our_o famous_a antiquary_n beforemention_v have_v think_v worthy_a his_o take_a notice_n of_o the_o first_o be_v such_o as_o be_v style_v bare_o count_n schlechtgraven_v schlechtgraven_v without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o more_o than_o the_o place_n which_o give_v they_o that_o title_n as_o der_n graf_n von_fw-mi eissenburg_n der_n graf_n von_fw-mi ortenberg_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v former_o only_a four_o of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o whole_a empire_n who_o be_v ordinary_o call_v die_n vier_fw-mi graven_n dess_n heiligen_n romischen_n reichs_n i._n e._n the_o four_o grave_n or_o count_n of_o the_o holy_a roman_a empire_n these_o be_v the_o count_n of_o cleve_n schwartzenburg_n ciley_n and_o savoy_n but_o since_o the_o count_n of_o cleve_n and_o savoy_n be_v advance_v to_o duke_n and_o the_o family_n of_o the_o ancient_a count_n of_o ciley_n be_v extinct_a which_o happen_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n ago_o the_o count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n in_o thuringen_n be_v the_o only_a prince_n that_o bear_v that_o title_n still_v himself_o usual_o to_o this_o day_n der_fw-mi vier_fw-mi graven_n dess_n reichs_n grave_a zu_fw-ge schwartzenburg_n i._n e._n of_o the_o four_o count_n of_o the_o empire_n count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n beside_o he_o there_o be_v nowadays_o several_a other_o german_a count_n who_o may_v just_o be_v refer_v to_o this_o head_n though_o they_o have_v no_o investiture_n into_o any_o graffschaft_n or_o county_n but_o be_v only_o style_v count_n of_o some_o small_a castle_n or_o inconsiderable_a territory_n of_o which_o they_o be_v lord_n such_o be_v the_o count_n of_o ottingen_n and_o zollern_n who_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o the_o posterity_n of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a count_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o thence_o retain_v the_o title_n though_o not_o the_o grandeur_n and_o power_n of_o their_o ancestor_n count_n palatine_n call_v by_o the_o german_n pfaltzgraven_a palatine_a count_n palatine_a or_o dess_n heiligen_n romischen_n reichs_n hoffe-graven_a be_v such_o as_o have_v in_o their_o title_n a_o certain_a eminence_n of_o their_o dignity_n from_o a_o relation_n as_o their_o name_n denote_v to_o the_o emperor_n court_n or_o palace_n for_o palatinus_n be_v but_o the_o possessive_a of_o palatium_n and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o officer_n of_o the_o household_n with_o we_o in_o england_n but_o this_o title_n be_v twofold_a 1._o original_o feudal_n and_o annex_v to_o the_o name_n of_o some_o territory_n or_o grafschaft_n with_o such_o jura_fw-la imperii_fw-la &_o majestatis_fw-la as_o other_o ordinary_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v not_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o count_n palatine_a of_o the_o rhine_n 2._o mere_o personal_a without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o particular_a territory_n proper_a to_o he_o that_o have_v the_o dignity_n both_o the_o title_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o late_a kind_n be_v original_o to_o be_v fetch_v from_o the_o example_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a empire_n but_o the_o former_a though_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n under_o the_o name_n of_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la yet_o be_v in_o ordinary_a use_n as_o to_o the_o name_n and_o title_n only_o in_o the_o francic_a kingdom_n for_o there_o be_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o francic_a king_n long_o before_o their_o kingdom_n be_v change_v into_o a_o empire_n a_o chief_a officer_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o comes_fw-la palatii_fw-la or_o count_n palatine_n who_o have_v a_o viceregency_n under_o the_o king_n in_o like_a sort_n as_o the_o praefecti_fw-la praetorio_fw-la in_o the_o elder_a empire_n or_o the_o old_a chief_a justice_n of_o england_n under_o our_o ancient_a king_n that_o be_v he_o have_v the_o exercise_n of_o supreme_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n in_o all_o cause_n that_o come_v to_o the_o king_n immediate_a audience_n i_o suppose_v the_o office_n of_o hofmeister_n use_v to_o this_o day_n in_o every_o german_a prince_n court_n be_v a_o relic_n of_o this_o palatinate_n and_o that_o come_v palatii_fw-la might_n easy_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la or_o hofmeister_n will_v not_o be_v difficult_a for_o any_o man_n to_o imagine_v that_o shall_v consider_v the_o signification_n which_o the_o word_n come_v have_v among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n in_o the_o usual_a compellation_n of_o
comites_fw-la and_o amici_n use_v by_o their_o emperor_n to_o the_o great_a officer_n in_o the_o court_n and_o state_n whence_o afterward_o in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n we_o meet_v with_o comites_fw-la sacrarum_fw-la largitionum_fw-la comites_fw-la metallorum_fw-la comites_fw-la rerum_fw-la privatarum_fw-la comites_fw-la patrimonii_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o all_o which_o expression_n come_v manifest_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o praefectus_fw-la or_o magister_fw-la the_o reason_n why_o the_o name_n of_o palatine_a which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v denote_v only_o such_o as_o be_v member_n of_o the_o king_n be_v or_o emperor_n household_n shall_v afterward_o be_v join_v with_o a_o province_n remote_a from_o the_o court_n seem_v plain_a enough_o for_o whereas_o other_o ordinary_a count_n have_v only_o a_o power_n subordinate_a to_o that_o of_o the_o count_n palatine_n who_o exercise_v supreme_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o emperor_n name_n these_o have_v all_o the_o royalty_n and_o jura_n imperii_fw-la in_o their_o respective_a province_n which_o the_o count_v palatine_n enjoy_v at_o court_n and_o the_o like_a form_n of_o speak_v we_o meet_v with_o among_o the_o old_a roman_n in_o the_o officiary_a dignity_n of_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la orientis_fw-la praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la illyrici_fw-la praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la italiae_fw-la and_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la galliarum_n where_o we_o see_v the_o title_n of_o the_o household_n or_o emperor_n palace_n transfer_v to_o these_o several_a province_n to_o denote_v that_o they_o who_o bear_v those_o office_n be_v as_o so_o many_o vice-roys_n in_o their_o peculiar_a territory_n shall_v enjoy_v like_o power_n jurisdiction_n and_o dignity_n in_o their_o respective_a dominion_n as_o if_o by_o the_o name_n of_o praefecti_fw-la praetorio_fw-la they_o have_v always_o live_v with_o the_o emperor_n in_o his_o court_n the_o additional_a title_n of_o palatine_n have_v be_v confer_v upon_o the_o count_n of_o habspurg_n tube_v witelenspach_n schiern_n ortenberg_n and_o several_a other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o some_o old_a list_n of_o the_o german_a prince_n we_o find_v mention_v make_v of_o four_o ertz-pfaltz-graven_a or_o archi-palatini_a viz._n rheni_n saxoniae_n francia_fw-la or_o franconiae_fw-la &_o hungariae_n but_o at_o this_o day_n the_o count_n palatine_a of_o the_o rhine_n be_v so_o singular_o eminent_a prince_n by_o this_o title_n that_o common_o no_v other_o place_n be_v understand_v by_o the_o general_a name_n of_o the_o palatinate_n but_o only_o their_o territory_n however_o saxony_n be_v still_o a_o pfaltzgraffschaft_n or_o palatinate_n and_o the_o duke_n thereof_o have_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o a_o count_n palatine_n though_o he_o be_v not_o so_o style_v because_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n be_v rare_o join_v with_o palatinus_n of_o the_o authority_n and_o power_n of_o the_o count_n palatine_a of_o the_o rhine_n we_o shall_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a hereafter_o when_o we_o come_v to_o a_o particular_a description_n of_o their_o territory_n what_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o count_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v emâ—_n â—â—nts_n of_o 〈◊〉_d emâ—_n may_v be_v learn_v from_o the_o patent_n grant_v by_o the_o emperor_n rudolph_n ii_o to_o thomas_n arundel_n of_o wardour_n in_o wiltshire_n afterward_o make_v lord_n arundel_n of_o wardour_n by_o king_n james_n for_o the_o create_v of_o he_o a_o count_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o title_n his_o heir_n have_v keep_v to_o this_o day_n that_o the_o title_n be_v hereditary_a appear_v from_o this_o passage_n in_o the_o patent_n te_fw-la supradictum_fw-la thomam_fw-la arundelium_fw-la qui_fw-la jam_fw-la ante_fw-la comitum_fw-la consanguinitatem_fw-la a_o majoribus_fw-la acceptam_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it obtines_fw-la omnesque_fw-la &_o singulos_fw-la liberos_fw-la haeredes_fw-la posteros_fw-la &_o descendentes_fw-la tuos_fw-la legitimos_fw-la utriusque_fw-la sexus_fw-la natos_fw-la aeternaque_fw-la serie_fw-la nascituros_fw-la etiam_fw-la veros_fw-la sacros_fw-la romani_fw-la imperii_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o comitissas_fw-la creavimus_fw-la fecimus_fw-la &_o nominavimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o learned_a mr._n cambden_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n speak_v of_o this_o patent_n tell_v we_o that_o whoever_o have_v the_o title_n of_o count_n of_o the_o empire_n confer_v on_o he_o have_v withal_o a_o seat_n assign_v he_o and_o may_v give_v his_o voice_n in_o the_o imperial_a diet_n he_o may_v purchase_v a_o estate_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n may_v listen_v volunteer_n and_o can_v be_v sue_v in_o any_o court_n of_o judicature_n save_v only_o the_o imperial_a chamber_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a patent_n the_o title_n of_o count_n of_o the_o sacred_a empire_n be_v at_o present_a enjoy_v by_o the_o right_n honourable_a henry_n lord_n arundel_n of_o warder_n those_o of_o the_o nobility_n who_o the_o ancient_a francic_a king_n make_v governor_n of_o such_o province_n as_o be_v of_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o empire_n mark-graven_a mark-graven_a be_v style_v mark-graven_a from_o the_o old_a word_n marken_n which_o signify_v the_o outmost_a mark_n or_o limit_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o we_o use_v the_o word_n marsh_n speak_v of_o the_o bound_n betwixt_o england_n and_o scotland_n or_o wales_n from_o the_o high_a dutch_a mark-grave_a the_o latin_n borrow_a their_o marchio_n and_o marggravius_n the_o italian_n marchese_n and_o the_o late_a greek_n their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d instead_o of_o our_o french_a marquis_n and_o marchioness_n some_o etymologist_n have_v endeavour_v to_o bring_v the_o title_n of_o mark-grave_a from_o the_o old_a francic_a word_n mare_fw-la sometime_o write_v march_n signify_v a_o horse_n and_o these_o fancy_n there_o be_v no_o great_a difference_n former_o between_o the_o title_n and_o office_n of_o marschal_n and_o mark-grave_a or_o mar-grave_a as_o they_o write_v it_o in_o the_o feud_n we_o read_v qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr marchia_n investitur_fw-la marchio_n dicitur_fw-la dicitur_fw-la autem_fw-la marchia_n quia_fw-la marcha_n &_o ut_fw-la plurimum_fw-la juxta_fw-la mare_fw-la sit_fw-la posita_fw-la where_o what_o be_v say_v of_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n marchio_n from_o marcha_n be_v true_a but_o if_o by_o ut_fw-la plurimum_fw-la juxta_fw-la mare_fw-la the_o author_n mean_v that_o the_o word_n mare_n bear_v a_o part_n in_o the_o original_n of_o mark-grave_a or_o marquis_n he_o be_v manifest_o mistake_v for_o although_o the_o marca_n anconitana_n and_o trevigiana_n in_o italy_n as_o also_o the_o marquisate_n of_o the_o holy_a empire_n in_o brabant_n and_o the_o marca_n normanica_fw-la and_o britannica_fw-la in_o france_n be_v adjoin_v to_o the_o sea_n yet_o the_o marquisates_n of_o misnia_n lusatia_n brandenburg_n moravia_n austria_n mountferrat_n and_o susa_n in_o savoy_n be_v inland_o country_n but_o have_v the_o name_n of_o margrafchaften_o fix_v on_o they_o because_o they_o be_v such_o province_n as_o be_v the_o limit_n or_o frontier_n of_o the_o german_a kingdom_n when_o marquis_n as_o well_o as_o duke_n and_o count_n begin_v to_o multiply_v in_o the_o german_a empire_n there_o be_v four_o of_o they_o who_o have_v the_o title_n of_o die_fw-fr vier_fw-mi hohen_o mark-graffen_a i._n e._n the_o four_o high_a or_o chief_z marquis_n these_o be_v they_o of_o brandenburg_n merhern_n or_o moravia_n meisen_n and_o baden_n who_o territory_n be_v thence_o call_v die_v vier_fw-mi hohen_o markgrafchaften_o i._n e._n the_o four_o chief_a marquisates_n in_o the_o title_n of_o landtgrave_n and_o burggrave_n the_o termination_n grave_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o in_o markgrave_n landtgraven_v landtgraven_v landt_n in_o the_o german_a tongue_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o province_n or_o territory_n so_o that_o the_o word_n landtgrave_n if_o literal_o translate_v must_v be_v render_v comes_fw-la provincialis_fw-la a_o count_n that_o have_v supreme_a government_n in_o some_o particular_a province_n landtherr_n be_v ancient_o a_o title_n of_o the_o same_o signification_n and_o confer_v upon_o the_o lord_n of_o verona_n who_o be_v of_o the_o family_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr scala_n or_o the_o scaliger_n of_o mirandula_n milan_n and_o milan_n who_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o prince_n equal_a in_o power_n and_o dignity_n to_o as_o many_o count_n palatine_n the_o german_n usual_o reckon_v up_o four_o landtgrave_n as_o well_o as_o four_o duke_n four_o count_n four_o marquis_n and_o four_o of_o most_o other_o dignity_n as_o most_o eminent_a in_o the_o empire_n these_o be_v the_o landtgrave_v of_o thuringen_n hessen_n alsace_n and_o luchtenburg_n of_o which_o the_o landtgrave_n of_o hessen_n be_v at_o this_o day_n a_o prince_n of_o the_o great_a note_n the_o most_o ancient_a creation_n of_o a_o landtgrave_n which_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o history_n be_v that_o of_o ludowic_n iii_o count_n of_o thuringen_n who_o by_o the_o emperor_n lotharius_n his_o father-in-law_n have_v his_o title_n alter_v into_o landtgrave_n of_o the_o same_o place_n in_o the_o year_n 1126._o sometime_o we_o meet_v with_o the_o word_n landtgrave_n make_v use_v of_o to_o signify_v
for_o some_o time_n inhabit_v that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o border_v on_o the_o euxin_n sea_n at_o last_o they_o pass_v through_o the_o hercynian_a wood_n into_o germany_n and_o give_v the_o name_n of_o sacasena_n afterward_o turn_v into_o saxonia_n to_o the_o country_n that_o here_o by_o their_o conquest_n they_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o strabo_n indeed_o say_v and_o we_o may_v believe_v he_o that_o the_o sacae_n do_v leave_v their_o ancient_a scythian_a seat_n and_o mr._n cambden_n observe_v well_o that_o ptolemy_n place_n his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d near_o that_o part_n of_o scythia_n whence_o these_o man_n be_v say_v to_o have_v sally_v out_o but_o that_o they_o ever_o pass_v the_o hercynean_a wood_n be_v one_o of_o goropius_n forgery_n and_o a_o story_n not_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o strabo_n or_o any_o other_o author_n of_o credit_n i_o wonder_v most_o that_o mr._n cambden_n who_o be_v so_o great_a a_o master_n of_o our_o old_a english-saxon_a tongue_n shall_v not_o discern_v the_o absurdity_n of_o this_o etymology_n for_o in_o that_o language_n saex_n in_o the_o singular_a number_n signify_v a_o saxon_a as_o well_o as_o sachs_n to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o high_a dutch_a dialect_n and_o seax_n seaxna_fw-la and_o seaxena_fw-la as_o also_o the_o modern_a dutch_a word_n sachsen_n and_o sassen_n be_v plural_n now_o if_o seax_n and_o seaxen_a be_v only_o break_v remnant_n of_o sacson_n and_o sacsone_n we_o shall_v in_o all_o probability_n meet_v with_o the_o entire_a word_n in_o some_o of_o our_o ancient_a saxon_a monument_n which_o can_v never_o yet_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o best_a of_o antiquary_n wherefore_o to_o omit_v other_o impertinence_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n be_v that_o the_o saxon_n have_v their_o name_n from_o a_o short_a kind_n of_o weapon_n call_v in_o their_o language_n seax_n different_a from_o what_o any_o other_o german_n wear_v and_o peculiar_a only_o to_o their_o own_o nation_n in_o confirmation_n of_o this_o conjecture_n some_o of_o our_o english_a historian_n give_v we_o a_o relation_n of_o a_o treacherous_a parley_n betwixt_o hengist_n the_o first_o saxon_n that_o land_v in_o britain_n and_o king_n vortigern_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o both_o party_n shall_v meet_v on_o salisbury-plain_a unarm_v but_o the_o saxon_n intend_v nothing_o but_o treachery_n carry_v private_o under_o their_o coat_n short_a dagger_n which_o upon_o the_o watchword_n nem_fw-la eowr_n seax_n or_o take_v your_o seax_n they_o immediate_o draw_v out_o these_o weapon_n and_o slay_v no_o less_o than_o three_o hundred_o of_o the_o british_a nobility_n the_o like_a story_n and_o as_o equal_o true_a some_o of_o the_o german_a writer_n relate_v of_o a_o treacherous_a massacre_n commit_v by_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n in_o thuringen_n pontanus_n urge_v the_o reasonableness_n of_o this_o etymology_n more_o home_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o saxony_n in_o its_o ancient_a arm_n bear_v two_o seax_n or_o hanger_n cross-way_n which_o say_v he_o be_v a_o undoubted_a proof_n of_o their_o first_o denomination_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o erkenwyn_n king_n of_o the_o east_n saxon_n give_v for_o his_o arm_n three_o short_a dagger_n argent_fw-fr in_o a_o field_n gules_a a_o since_o be_v still_o call_v saisen_v in_o the_o netherlands_o and_o scher-sax_n in_o the_o high_a dutch_a signify_v as_o much_o as_o ein_fw-mi messer_n damit_v man_n scheret_fw-la a_o razor_n wormius_n tell_v we_o that_o sages_n or_o saks_n in_o the_o runic_a dialect_n signify_v a_o sword_n or_o dagger_n who_o hilt_n and_o blade_n be_v almost_o of_o equal_a length_n nor_o be_v it_o at_o all_o extraordinary_a for_o people_n to_o take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o weapon_n use_v by_o they_o in_o battle_n thus_o most_o learned_a man_n agree_v that_o the_o scythian_n have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o teutonic_n word_n scytan_n to_o shoot_v because_o they_o be_v excellent_a bowman_n the_o picard_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v first_o call_v by_o that_o name_n from_o pike_n a_o sort_n of_o weapon_n they_o best_o understand_v we_o may_v therefore_o venture_v to_o conclude_v with_o the_o latin_a rythm_n of_o the_o learned_a engelhus_o quip_n brevis_fw-la gladius_fw-la apud_fw-la illos_fw-la saxa_n voco_fw-la ind_n sibi_fw-la saxo_n nomen_fw-la traxisse_fw-la putatur_fw-la from_o the_o account_n which_o be_v give_v we_o of_o this_o people_n by_o zosimus_n marcellinus_n diaconus_fw-la man_v man_v and_o other_o ancient_a writer_n we_o may_v learn_v that_o they_o be_v man_n of_o a_o vast_a bulk_n of_o body_n and_o proportionable_a strength_n the_o most_o renown_a warrior_n in_o germany_n and_o the_o most_o terrible_a enemy_n which_o the_o roman_n ever_o encounter_v mr._n cambden_n say_v they_o be_v such_o notorious_a pirate_n and_o most_o of_o they_o so_o accustom_a to_o live_v at_o sea_n that_o they_o be_v afraid_a to_o appear_v on_o dry_a land_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o relation_n which_o isidorus_n give_v of_o they_o gens_n saxonum_n say_v he_o myoparonibus_fw-la non_fw-la viribus_fw-la nituntur_fw-la fugae_fw-la potius_fw-la quam_fw-la bello_fw-la parati_fw-la hence_o it_o be_v that_o all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o britain_n and_o france_n as_o far_o as_o the_o border_n of_o spain_n the_o roman_n maintain_v continual_a stand_a regiment_n under_o the_o command_n of_o several_a general_n who_o from_o their_o commission_n and_o office_n which_o be_v to_o secure_v the_o inhabitant_n from_o the_o sudden_a and_o frequent_a incursion_n of_o the_o saxon_a pirate_n be_v style_v comites_fw-la litoris_fw-la saxonici_fw-la per_fw-la britanniam_fw-la &_o galliam_n sidonius_n in_o one_o of_o his_o epistle_n give_v this_o character_n of_o a_o saxon_a pirate_n that_o he_o be_v a_o enemy_n formidable_a beyond_o comparison_n one_o who_o frequent_a shipwreck_n recreate_v rather_o then_o terrify_v as_o be_v not_o only_o acquaint_v but_o grow_v familiar_a with_o the_o peril_n of_o the_o ocean_n etc._n etc._n their_o whole_a nation_n be_v govern_v by_o twelve_o of_o the_o chief_a noble_n in_o the_o land_n government_n government_n who_o be_v elect_v to_o that_o dignity_n by_o the_o commonalty_n in_o time_n of_o war_n they_o choose_v a_o king_n out_o of_o these_o twelve_o chief_a commander_n who_o execute_v regal_a authority_n over_o the_o rest_n as_o long_o as_o the_o war_n last_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o peace_n be_v conclude_v be_v degrade_v into_o his_o former_a quality_n this_o custom_n continue_v among_o they_o until_o the_o conclusion_n of_o their_o war_n with_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a at_o which_o time_n wittikind_n a_o nobleman_n of_o angria_n in_o westphalia_n and_o one_o of_o their_o twelve_o ruler_n have_v the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o a_o king_n confer_v on_o he_o but_o when_o he_o be_v afterward_o conquer_v and_o convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o that_o emperor_n this_o fade_a title_n be_v turn_v into_o the_o more_o durable_a one_o of_o duke_n and_o his_o eleven_o companion_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o honourable_a title_n and_o dignity_n of_o earl_n and_o lord_n from_o who_o the_o great_a prince_n at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n derive_v their_o pedigree_n some_o have_v imagine_v that_o from_o this_o duodecemviral_n government_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n our_o modern_a way_n of_o judicature_n by_o the_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o juryman_n have_v its_o first_o original_n whether_o this_o opinion_n be_v whole_o allowable_a i_o shall_v not_o stand_v to_o dispute_v have_v say_v something_o of_o this_o matter_n in_o the_o description_n of_o island_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o under_o the_o reign_v of_o some_o of_o our_o english-saxon_a king_n this_o way_n of_o proceed_v be_v practise_v in_o the_o decision_n of_o most_o cause_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a for_o proof_n hereof_o i_o shall_v only_o quote_v a_o old_a law_n make_v in_o king_n ethelred_n time_n wherein_o cap._n 3._o de_fw-la pignore_fw-la ablato_fw-la it_o be_v enact_v that_o tÆ¿elf_n lahmen_fw-ge scylon_fw-mi rehte_n taecean_n Æ¿ealan_n and_o aenglan_n syx_n england_n &_o syx_n Æ¿ylisce_n þlien_n call_v þae_n hy_z ago_o give_v hi_o Æ¿oh_o taecen_n oþþe_a geladian_n high_a ê§_n hi_o bet_n ne_o cuþon_n i._n e._n all_o controversy_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a shall_v be_v determine_v by_o twelve_o man_n skilled_a in_o the_o law_n six_o of_o each_o nation_n who_o if_o they_o pass_v sentence_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n shall_v forfeit_v their_o whole_a estate_n except_o they_o shall_v excuse_v themselves_o by_o acknowledge_v their_o error_n and_o bewail_v their_o want_n of_o judgement_n in_o the_o case_n propose_v which_o penalty_n be_v near_o akin_a to_o the_o attainder_n to_o which_o our_o modern_a jury_n be_v liable_a when_o they_o bring_v in_o a_o false_a and_o corrupt_a verdict_n though_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o of_o the_o heathenish_a god_n worship_v in_o all_o part_n of_o germany_n irmenseul_n irmenseul_n and_o among_o the_o
20_o zottl_n 22_o 51_o 00_o 29_o 10_o zottsted_n 22_o 51_o 10_o 28_o 20_o zottwitz_n 28_o 51_o 10_o 34_o 15_o zschimichen_n 22_o 50_o 50_o 29_o 30_o zubern_n 26_o 51_o 40_o 32_o 20_o zublow_n 10_o 13_o 53_o 00_o 32_o 10_o zuchou_n 22_o 50_o 50_o 29_o 20_o zuck_n 40_o 41_o 43_o 47_o 55_o 24_o 20_o zuckmante_fw-la 1_o 24_o 30_o 50_o 10_o 34_o 30_o zuenicke_n 22_o 33_o 50_o 20_o 29_o 40_o zuffenhausen_n 45_o 48_o 35_o 25_o 50_o zug_n 38_o 46_o 40_o 24_o 40_o zuger_n see_v 38_o 46_o 40_o 24_o 40_o zhurstein_n 32_o 49_o 20_o 33_o 20_o zukleibe_n 23_o 51_o 40_o 32_o 00_o zulauff_n 24_o 25_o 51_o 30_o 34_o 00_o zulberg_n 22_o 50_o 20_o 29_o 00_o zule_n 0_o 53_o 30_o 28_o 10_o zullich_n 10_o 135_o 52_o 10_o 33_o 00_o zullichaw_n 24_o 25_o 36_o 52_o 10_o 32_o 20_o zulichendorff_n 10_o 12_o 52_o 40_o 30_o 20_o zulin_n 10_o 125_o 52_o 50_o 29_o 50_o zultenhagen_n 12_o 52_o 30_o 30_o 40_o zultz_n 24_o 50_o 20_o 34_o 00_o zumflin_n 22_o 50_o 30_o 29_o 30_o zumloch_n 38_o 50_o 20_o 23_o 20_o zumsw_n 42_o 48_o 15_o 24_o â—5_n zumteich_n 20_o 51_o 40_o 28_o 50_o zuntzen_n 41_o 43_o 47_o 40_o 24_o 05_o zuntzentorf_n 41_o 48_o 40_o 24_o 05_o zuatlangenhain_n 19_o 51_o 10_o 26_o 40_o zur_a 16_o 52_o 10_o 25_o 50_o zur_a fl_fw-mi 41_o 48_o 40_o 24_o 20_o zurbach_n 40_o 48_o 10_o 24_o 30_o zurich_n 1_o 38_o 47_o 00_o 25_o 00_o zuricher_n 38_o 46_o 40_o 25_o 00_o zurlag_n 41_o 42_o 44_o 48_o 10_o 24_o 25_o zurlein_n 38_o 50_o 00_o 23_o 20_o zurly_v 16_o 52_o 15_o 26_o 20_o zurmarhausen_n 01_o 48_o 10_o 27_o 30_o zurmulen_n 05_o 53_o 25_o 25_o 20_o zurzach_n 38_o 41_o 47_o 20_o 24_o 45_o zusweier_n 40_o 41_o 43_o 44_o 48_o 15_o 24_o 25_o zuten_n 10_o 12_o 52_o 00_o 31_o 00_o zutern_n 38_o 39_o 45_o 49_o 00_o 25_o 10_o zutphen_n 38_o 52_o 00_o 22_o 00_o zutzevitz_n 08_o 53_o 40_o 33_o 00_o zuverhusen_n 16_o 52_o 30_o 25_o 50_o zuyder_n elbe_n 03_o 53_o 45_o 26_o 30_o zuyder_n gronden_v 3_o 4_o 53_o 45_o 24_o 00_o zuyder_n zee_n 1_o 38_o 52_o 40_o 21_o 10_o zweckfrontze_n 27_o 51_o 35_o 33_o 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with_o it_o stow_n tell_v we_o the_o hollander_n first_o teach_v our_o nation_n this_o art_n be_v bring_v over_o into_o england_n by_o william_n caxton_n about_o the_o year_n 1471_o and_o add_v that_o the_o first_o print_v in_o this_o isle_n be_v in_o westminster-abbey_n but_o it_o appear_v the_o art_n be_v soon_o bring_v hither_o then_o he_o speak_v of_o for_o there_o be_v in_o the_o archive_v of_o our_o university_n of_o oxford_n a_o copy_n of_o st._n jerome_n exposition_n of_o the_o apostle_n creed_n give_v by_o mr._n moses_n pitt_n the_o publisher_n of_o this_o atlas_n print_v on_o paper_n which_o end_v thus_o explicit_fw-la exposicio_fw-la sancti_fw-la jeronimi_fw-la in_o simbolo_fw-it apostolorum_fw-la ad_fw-la papam_fw-la laurencium_fw-la impressa_fw-la oxonie_n et_fw-la finita_fw-la anno_fw-la domini_fw-la m._n cccc_fw-la lxviii_o xvii_o die_v decembris_fw-la mr._n wood_n in_o his_o learned_a account_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o our_o university_n at_o oxford_n tell_v we_o that_o robert_n turner_n master_n of_o the_o wardrobe_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o be_v the_o first_o that_o bring_v from_o harlem_n into_o