i_o can_v here_o forget_v to_o inform_v that_o of_o old_a our_o act_n of_o parl._n have_v oftentimes_o the_o king_n great_a seal_n append_v to_o they_o upon_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v append_v all_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o ecclesiastic_n and_o upon_o the_o left_a all_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o nobility_n with_o which_o the_o whole_a act_n be_v surround_v of_o these_o i_o have_v see_v many_o and_o particular_o a_o ratification_n grant_v by_o king_n james_n 4._o to_o hepburn_n earl_n of_o bothwel_n upon_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o ramsay_n anno_fw-la 1480._o which_o bear_v in_o quorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidem_fw-la ac_fw-la corroborationem_fw-la &_o laudationem_fw-la earundem_fw-la praefatus_fw-la supremus_fw-la dominus_fw-la noster_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la status_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la singulariter_fw-la requisiti_fw-la sua_fw-la sigilla_fw-la quorum_fw-la nomina_fw-la sigilla_fw-la representant_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la appendi_fw-la jusserunt_fw-la i_o conceive_v that_o seal_n may_v very_o well_o represent_v not_o only_o the_o bear_n itself_o but_o the_o colour_n which_o i_o first_o order_v to_o be_v practise_v for_o the_o seal_n may_v be_v vary_a in_o its_o cut_n as_o the_o other_o figure_n of_o this_o book_n be_v which_o may_v be_v very_o useful_a see_v many_o man_n arm_n differ_v only_o in_o the_o colour_n chap._n ii_o who_o can_v give_v or_o bear_v arm_n of_o old_a emperor_n or_o senate_n only_o give_v arm_n laz._n lib._n 9_o cap._n 17._o but_o thereafter_o they_o do_v choose_v a_o old_a expert_a warrior_n on_o who_o they_o bestow_v the_o power_n of_o reward_v with_o coat_n of_o arm_n such_o as_o have_v deserve_v well_o and_o these_o be_v call_v foeciale_n by_o the_o roman_n but_o now_o be_v call_v heraldi_n or_o herawldi_n for_o heer_n signify_v a_o army_n and_o alt_z a_o elder_a senes_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la or_o from_o here_o a_o army_n and_o alda_n which_o in_o the_o hungarian_a tongue_n signify_v a_o common_a servant_n hopping_n cap._n 6._o part_n 9_o the_o chief_a of_o that_o society_n be_v call_v lion_n king_n of_o or_o at_o arm_n with_o we_o rex_fw-la armorum_fw-la in_o latin_a which_o name_n he_o bear_v from_o the_o lion_n which_o be_v the_o royal_a charge_n with_o we_o and_o kon_v van_n wappen_v by_o the_o german_n ibid._n garter_n in_o england_n and_o montjoy_z st._n denis_n in_o france_n and_o his_o patent_n in_o scotland_n run_v thus_o carolus_n dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la etc._n etc._n tenoreque_fw-la praesentium_fw-la facimus_fw-la creamus_fw-la constituimus_fw-la &_o ordinamus_fw-la memoratum_fw-la carolum_fw-la aereskin_n leonem_fw-la &_o nostrum_fw-la foecialem_fw-la regem_fw-la armorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n dedimus_fw-la &_o imposuimus_fw-la tenoreque_fw-la praesentium_fw-la damus_fw-la &_o imponimus_fw-la ei_fw-la nomen_fw-la leonis_fw-la nostri_fw-la foecialis_n regis_fw-la armorum_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la stilo_fw-it titulo_fw-la etc._n etc._n ac_fw-la per_fw-la praesentes_fw-la ordinamus_fw-la eum_fw-la in_o dicto_fw-la officio_fw-la actualiter_fw-la investiri_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la praxin_fw-la coronari_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o similiter_fw-la munimus_fw-la pranominatum_fw-la caesar_n tanquam_fw-la leonem_fw-la regem_fw-la armorum_fw-la plenâ_fw-la potestate_fw-la libertate_fw-la licentiâ_fw-la &_o authoritate_fw-la personis_fw-la virtute_fw-la praeditis_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr nobis_fw-la benè_fw-la meritis_fw-la diplomata_fw-la armorum_fw-la secundum_fw-la ordinem_fw-la &_o constitutiones_fw-la eatenus_fw-la praescriptas_fw-la concedendi_fw-la but_o though_o this_o power_n be_v bestow_v upon_o herald_n yet_o prince_n have_v not_o so_o denude_v themselves_o of_o it_o but_o that_o they_o may_v and_o do_v ordinary_o grant_v coat_n of_o arm_n and_o thus_o when_o nobleman_n get_v their_o honour_n by_o patent_n with_o we_o there_o be_v either_o a_o command_n give_v therein_o to_o the_o lion_n king_n at_o arm_n to_o grant_v arm_n crest_n crown_n and_o supporter_n or_o else_o they_o be_v specify_v in_o the_o patent_n and_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o the_o heraldry_n of_o all_o nation_n and_o in_o use_n with_o we_o that_o no_o part_n of_o the_o royal_a bear_n can_v be_v bestow_v by_o the_o lion_n without_o a_o special_a order_n from_o the_o prince_n colomb_n cap._n des_fw-fr brisur_n pag._n 74._o and_o this_o may_v reprehend_v the_o error_n of_o some_o of_o our_o herald_n who_o have_v give_v the_o tressure-flori_a conter-flori_a to_o private_a person_n without_o a_o warrant_n the_o lion_n in_o scotland_n do_v former_o direct_v his_o patent_n thus_o to_o all_o and_o singular_a to_o who_o knowledge_n these_o present_n shall_v come_v james_n balfour_n of_o kinnaird_n knight_n lion_n king_n of_o arm_n through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n and_o island_n thereto_o adjacent_a send_v his_o due_a commendation_n and_o greeting_n know_v you_o that_o sir_n james_n galloway_n knight_n master_n of_o request_n to_o our_o dread_a sovereign_n charles_n king_n of_o scotland_n england_n france_n and_o ireland_n defender_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n one_o of_o his_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n in_o this_o kingdom_n have_v request_v i_o by_o virtue_n of_o my_o office_n to_o give_v and_o assign_v unto_o this_o his_o ancient_a coat-armour_n be_v arg_fw-mi a_o lion_n rampant_a azure_a languid_a and_o arm_v gules_a a_o crest_n with_o escrol_n and_o motto_n which_o he_o may_v bear_v without_o wrong_n do_v to_o other_o to_o who_o reasonable_a request_n i_o have_v condescend_v and_o for_o crest_n do_v assign_v he_o to_o bear_v above_o his_o helmet_n upon_o a_o wreath_n arg_fw-mi and_o azure_a a_o mound_n bespread_v with_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n proper_a embrace_v betwixt_o two_o corn_n ear_n saltoir_fw-fr way_n or_o and_o above_o all_o in_o a_o escrol_n this_o motto_n high_a as_o here_o in_o the_o margin_n adject_v be_v to_o be_v see_v all_o which_o arm_n crest_n escrol_n and_o motto_n i_o the_o say_a lion_n king_n of_o arm_n do_v by_o these_o present_v ratify_v confirm_v give_v grant_v and_o assign_v unto_o the_o say_a sir_n james_n galloway_n knight_n and_o to_o his_o posterity_n for_o ever_o to_o use_v bear_v and_o show_v forth_o the_o famine_n in_o signet_n shield_n coat-armour_n ensign_n or_o otherwise_o at_o all_o time_n and_o in_o all_o place_n at_z his_o and_o their_o free_a liberty_n and_o pleasure_n in_o witness_v whereof_o i_o have_v to_o their_o present_n affix_v my_o hand_n and_o seal_v of_o office_n at_o holy-rood-house_n the_o nineteen_o day_n of_o december_n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n charles_n and_o of_o our_o redemption_n 1631._o james_n balfour_n lyon_n the_o concession_n by_o the_o lion_n do_v now_o run_v thus_o to_o all_o and_o sundry_a who_o it_o effeir_n i_o sir_n charles_n areskine_n of_o cambo_n knight_n and_o baronet_n lion_n king_n of_o arm_n consider_v that_o by_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n as_o well_o of_o our_o dread_a sovereign_a lord_n charles_n the_o second_o by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o scotland_n england_n france_n and_o ireland_n defender_n of_o the_o faith_n as_o of_o his_o majesty_n royal_a predecessor_n especial_o by_o the_o twenty_o one_o act_n of_o the_o three_o session_n of_o this_o current_a parliament_n i_o be_o impower_v to_o visit_v the_o whole_a arm_n and_o bearing_n within_o this_o kingdom_n and_o to_o distinguish_v they_o and_o matriculate_v the_o same_o in_o my_o book_n and_o register_n and_o to_o give_v extract_v of_o all_o arm_n express_v the_o blazon_v thereof_o under_o my_o hand_n and_o seal_v of_o office_n and_o which_o register_n be_v by_o the_o forecited_n act_n ordain_v to_o be_v respect_v as_o the_o true_a and_o unrepealable_a rule_n of_o all_o arm_n and_o bearing_n in_o scotland_n to_o remain_v with_o the_o lion_n office_n as_o a_o public_a register_n of_o the_o kingdom_n therefore_o conform_v to_o the_o power_n give_v to_o i_o by_o his_o sacred_a majesty_n and_o according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o say_a act_n of_o parliament_n i_o testify_v and_o make_v know_v that_o the_o arm_n of_o old_a belong_v to_o the_o royal_a burgh_n of_o aberdeen_n and_o now_o confirm_v by_o i_o be_v matriculate_v in_o my_o say_a public_a rigister_n upon_o the_o day_n and_o date_n of_o their_o present_n and_o be_v thus_o blazon_v viz._n the_o say_v royal_a burgh_n of_o aberdeen_n give_v for_o ensign_n armorial_n gules_a three_o tower_n triple_a tower_a within_o a_o double_a tressure_n counterflowred_a argent_fw-fr support_v by_o two_o leopard_n proper_a the_o motto_n in_o a_o escrol_n above_o bon-accord_n the_o word_n bon-accord_n be_v give_v they_o by_o king_n robert_n bruce_n for_o kill_v all_o the_o english_a in_o one_o night_n in_o their_o town_n their_o word_n be_v that_o night_n bon-accord_n and_o upon_o the_o reverse_n of_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o say_v burgh_n be_v ensculpt_v in_o a_o field_n azure_a a_o temple_n argent_fw-fr saint_n michael_n stand_v in_o the_o porch_n miter_v and_o vest_v proper_a with_o his_o dexter_n hand_n lift_v up_o to_o heaven_n pray_v over_o three_o child_n in_o a_o boil_a cauldron_n
achievement_n in_o general_n a_o achievement_n be_v the_o whole_a arm_n adorn_v with_o their_o exterior_a part_n and_o ornament_n which_o be_v the_o helmet_n wreath_n crest_n mantlings_n supporter_n and_o motto_n or_o word_n and_o because_o these_o be_v but_o accidental_a part_n of_o the_o arm_n and_o of_o late_a institution_n as_o farm_n observe_v therefore_o we_o be_v not_o tie_v superstitious_o to_o all_o the_o nice_a rule_n of_o art_n but_o may_v speak_v of_o and_o express_v one_o colour_n twice_o and_o use_v and_o within_z or_o such_o relative_a particle_n as_o oft_o as_o we_o please_v i_o shall_v first_o treat_v of_o such_o of_o these_o exterior_a part_n separat_o and_o then_o i_o shall_v show_v how_o they_o be_v marshal_v together_o in_o blazon_v a_o complete_a achievement_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o helmet_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o armour_n be_v a_o helmet_n because_o it_o cover_v the_o chief_a part_n of_o man_n which_o be_v his_o head_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v make_v by_o herald_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a ornament_n of_o their_o coat_n armour_n it_o be_v of_o old_a call_v galea_n from_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o cat_n skin_n whereof_o it_o be_v make_v cassis_n by_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v now_o call_v helm_n by_o the_o german_n from_o the_o dutch_a word_n helm_n which_o signify_v the_o head_n hence_o come_v the_o french_a word_n heaume_n the_o english_a word_n helmet_n and_o the_o italian_a elmo_n who_o shall_v bear_v helmet_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n they_o shall_v be_v bear_v be_v much_o controvert_v and_o whole_a nation_n rather_o than_o private_a author_n do_v here_o disagree_v among_o themselves_o and_o yet_o most_o of_o they_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o it_o be_v noble_a to_o bear_v a_o open_a helmet_n than_o a_o close_o one_o because_o the_o open_a helm_n be_v give_v to_o and_o be_v only_o fit_a for_o such_o as_o have_v command_n and_o so_o must_v see_v what_o other_o do_v and_o must_v speak_v to_o they_o and_o tell_v they_o what_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v whereas_o such_o as_o be_v oblige_v to_o thrust_v themselves_o into_o all_o danger_n and_o need_v little_a to_o see_v other_o and_o speak_v none_o shall_v bear_v a_o helmet_n close_o nostri_fw-la mores_fw-la say_v besold_a thesaur_n pract._n duplicem_fw-la faciunt_fw-la stech-und_a thermer_n helm_n illam_fw-la plebeiorum_fw-la &_o clausam_fw-la hanc_fw-la nobilium_fw-la &_o opertam_fw-la and_o yet_o this_o rule_n be_v not_o without_o all_o exception_n for_o hopping_n cap._n 9_o &_o aldrovand_n tom-1_a pag._n 91._o observe_v that_o in_o spain_n and_o italy_n some_o great_a family_n bear_v no_o helmet_n upon_o their_o coat_n armour_n and_o other_o bear_v their_o helmet_n close_o and_o give_v a_o instance_n in_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswick_n but_o general_o all_o nation_n use_v helmet_n in_o their_o heraldry_n and_o distinguish_v betwixt_o open_a and_o close_o helmet_n because_o the_o english_a and_o french_a do_v differ_v so_o much_o in_o their_o rule_n here_o i_o resolve_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o both_o their_o principle_n and_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o english_a the_o english_a allow_v a_o gentleman_n to_o bear_v a_o side-standing_a helmet_n with_o the_o bave_a close_o which_o be_v the_o roman_a custom_n as_o appear_v by_o juvenal_n et_fw-fr statue_n meditatur_fw-la praelia_fw-la lusca_fw-la to_o a_o knight_n a_o helmet_n stand_v direct_a forward_o with_o a_o baver_n open_a without_o guard_n to_o all_o person_n above_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o knight_n and_o below_z that_o of_o a_o duke_n a_o side-helmet_n with_o a_o open-faced_a guard_n visure_n to_o duke_n and_o all_o above_o they_o a_o helmet_n which_o be_v full_a forward_a open-faced_a with_o guard_n visure_n to_o a_o knight_n they_o allow_v a_o side-standing_a helmet_n with_o 5_o barrs_n in_o his_o guard_n vizur_a fenestras_fw-la distinctas_fw-la clathris_fw-la seu_fw-la cancellis_fw-la to_o a_o baron_n they_o allow_v to_o carry_v his_o helm_n half_o side-wise_a half_a in_o front_n en_fw-fr tiers_n as_o the_o french_a call_v it_o with_o 7_o grile_n or_o barrs_n to_o count_n vidame_n and_o viscount_n a_o direct_a stand_a helmet_n with_o 9_o barrs_n to_o marquess_n a_o direct_a stand_a helmet_n with_o 11_o barrs_n to_o king_n and_o emperor_n a_o direct_a helmet_n altogether_o open_a though_o scotland_n agree_v with_o england_n in_o the_o bear_v of_o their_o helmet_n yet_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o both_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o other_o nation_n and_o in_o reason_n also_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o give_v king_n helmet_n full_o open_a without_o garde_n visur_n as_o the_o french_a do_v than_o to_o knight_n as_o we_o do_v for_o knight_n be_v in_o more_o danger_n and_o have_v less_o need_n to_o command_v and_o see_v all_o nation_n agree_v that_o a_o direct_a stand_n be_v more_o noble_a than_o a_o side-wise_a stand_n i_o see_v not_o why_o the_o helmet_n of_o a_o knight_n shall_v stand_v direct_a and_o a_o duke_n only_o side-wise_a sculptura_fw-la sive_fw-la ornamentâ—m_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o front_n est_fw-la plus_fw-la prae_fw-la se_fw-la fert_fw-la quam_fw-la illud_fw-la quod_fw-la a_o latere_fw-la est_fw-la nam_fw-la oculum_fw-la habet_fw-la ubique_fw-la limneus_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 6._o there_o be_v likewise_o this_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o that_o the_o english_a make_v no_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o bearer_n from_o the_o metal_n of_o which_o the_o helmet_n be_v make_v whereas_o the_o french_a allow_v only_o the_o knight_n a_o helmet_n adorn_v with_o silver_n to_o count_n and_o all_o above_o they_o they_o allow_v helmet_n adorn_v with_o gold_n and_o to_o king_n all_o the_o helmet_n damasquine_v but_o limneus_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 6._o say_v thus_o altora_fw-la est_fw-la differentia_fw-la quod_fw-la deuce_n uti_fw-la possunt_fw-la aureis_fw-la comites_fw-la argenteis_fw-la reliqui_fw-la verò_fw-la ferreis_n ovid._n scuta_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o galeae_fw-la gemmis_fw-la radientur_fw-la &_o auro_fw-la timbre_fw-mi be_v ordinary_o use_v among_o the_o french_a and_o italian_n for_o a_o helmet_n and_o be_v frequent_o use_v by_o the_o english_a of_o old_a it_o be_v a_o general_a word_n which_o comprehend_v all_o sort_n of_o ornament_n of_o the_o head_n and_o come_v from_o la_fw-fr form_n d'un_fw-fr timbre_fw-fr de_fw-fr cloche_n the_o shape_n of_o a_o bell_n which_o it_o resemble_v somewhat_o and_o as_o l'oseau_n observe_v des_fw-fr ordres_n des_fw-fr gentils-hommes_a cap._n 5._o gentleman_n do_v not_o adorn_v their_o achievement_n with_o helmet_n till_o they_o find_v that_o the_o burgess_n of_o paris_n do_v by_o warrant_n from_o charles_n v._o bear_v coat-armour_n whereupon_o to_o distinguish_v themselves_o from_o those_o gentleman_n do_v assume_v helmet_n and_o by_o the_o 200_o article_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o orleans_n all_o who_o be_v not_o gentleman_n by_o birth_n be_v discharge_v to_o bear_v helmet_n on_o their_o arms._n helmet_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o soldier_n arm_n it_o be_v only_o use_v by_o swordman_n or_o gentleman_n bishop_n use_v mitre_n cardinal_n a_o hat_n and_o therefore_o l'oseau_n cap._n 5._o remark_n just_o that_o gownsman_n shall_v not_o bear_v a_o helmet_n but_o a_o cornered_a cap_n and_o my_o reason_n allow_v rather_o his_o judgement_n than_o our_o custom_n which_o be_v contrary_a chap._n xxvii_o of_o mantlings_n of_o old_a knights_z and_o such_o as_o do_v wear_v helmet_n take_v great_a pain_n to_o keep_v they_o very_o neat_a and_o clear_a and_o therefore_o they_o do_v cover_v they_o with_o linen_n or_o stuff_v double_v with_o silk_n which_o serve_v also_o to_o distinguish_v they_o in_o the_o battle_n and_o when_o they_o go_v to_o battle_n these_o cover_n being_n very_o much_o cut_v and_o tear_v they_o do_v thereafter_o paint_v they_o with_o their_o casque_n in_o their_o achievement_n or_o arm_n and_o these_o we_o call_v mantlings_n in_o english_a which_o hang_v down_o cut_v now_o with_o art_n and_o curiosity_n the_o french_a call_v they_o lambreqain_n from_o the_o latin_a lamberare_fw-la it_o may_v be_v which_o as_o festus_n observe_v signify_v to_o cut_v or_o tear_v because_o these_o be_v tear_v the_o german_n helm-deâ—ken_a and_o helmzter_n the_o latin_a fascae_fw-la seu_fw-la lacinlae_fw-la utrinque_fw-la dependentes_fw-la &_o paul_n jov_n oiim_fw-la hae_fw-la nihil_fw-la arrive_v quam_fw-la galearum_fw-la tegâ—ina_fw-la crus_n pag._n 477._o and_o that_o their_o institution_n be_v very_o old_a appear_v from_o diod._n sieul_n iib._fw-la 5._o cap._n 30._o and_o that_o such_o be_v use_v by_o knight_n appear_v from_o all_o the_o old_a seal_n menest_n cap._n 8._o sometime_o skin_n of_o beast_n as_o lion_n bear_n etc._n etc._n be_v thus_o bear_v to_o make_v the_o bearer_n more_o terrible_a and_o that_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o double_v our_o mantlings_n with_o fur_n in_o scotland_n all_o the_o mantlings_n of_o nobleman_n be_v g._n double_v with_o ermine_n because_o the_o robe_n of_o our_o earl_n and_o above_o be_v scarlet_a double_v with_o ermine_n and_o therefore_o oftentimes_o
their_o father_n after_o their_o birth_n tiraquel_n c._n 15._o hot._n quaest_n illust_n 2._o but_o when_o they_o be_v give_v by_o the_o prince_n to_o a_o man_n or_o to_o his_o posterity_n than_o his_o successor_n who_o be_v descend_v of_o he_o do_v carry_v the_o arm_n and_o have_v right_a thereto_o and_o that_o though_o they_o renounce_v to_o be_v heir_n noal_n ibid._n because_o these_o be_v mark_n of_o their_o prince_n favour_n and_o no_o lucrative_a part_n of_o succession_n and_o therefore_o possible_o it_o be_v that_o our_o nobility_n bear_v the_o title_n and_o enjoy_v the_o honour_n of_o their_o predecessor_n though_o they_o renounce_v to_o be_v heir_n and_o though_o these_o honour_n and_o title_n be_v give_v at_o first_o to_o their_o predecessor_n and_o their_o heir_n but_o it_o be_v here_o question_v by_o the_o doctor_n whether_o daughter_n have_v right_a to_o bear_v arm_n of_o the_o family_n as_o jason_n observe_v consil_n 63._o virile_a officium_fw-la est_fw-la arma_fw-la &_o insignia_fw-la defer_v the_o carry_v arm_n belong_v only_o to_o man_n yet_o it_o be_v general_o conclude_v that_o woman_n who_o be_v never_o marry_v may_v carry_v their_o predecessor_n arm_n tiraquel_n de_fw-fr nobil_n cap._n ult_n &_o tacit._n lib._n 3._o annual_a de_fw-fr funere_fw-la juniae_fw-la ait_fw-la viginti_fw-la clarissimarum_fw-la familiarum_fw-la imagine_v antilatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la sed_fw-la praefulgeâ—ant_fw-la cassius_n atque_fw-la brutus_n eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la quod_fw-la effigy_n eorum_fw-la non_fw-la visebantur_fw-la idem_fw-la probatur_fw-la per_fw-la l._n mulieres_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr dignitat_fw-la and_o the_o custom_n both_o in_o france_n and_o scotland_n be_v that_o they_o bear_v the_o paternal_a coat_n in_o a_o lozenge_n limneus_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la cap._n 6._o but_o they_o shall_v be_v bear_v in_o a_o fusil_n which_o be_v a_o figure_n long_o than_o a_o lozen_n and_o signify_v a_o spindle_n in_o french_a which_o be_v a_o womanly_a instrument_n yet_o when_o woman_n have_v be_v once_o marry_v they_o can_v no_o more_o carry_v their_o paternal_a coat_n or_o arm_n because_o by_o marriage_n transeunt_fw-la ex_fw-la familia_fw-la patris_fw-la in_fw-la familiam_fw-la mariti_fw-la bart._n ad_fw-la l._n quoties_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr privil_a schol._n menoch_v consil_n 197._o and_o yet_o to_o show_v whence_o they_o spring_v they_o carry_v their_o paternal_a coat_n marshal_v with_o their_o husband_n as_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o observe_v but_o the_o child_n bear_v by_o they_o can_v carry_v their_o grandfather_n arm_n noal_n ibid._n no_o man_n can_v bear_v his_o mother_n arm_n for_o child_n follow_v the_o condition_n of_o their_o father_n not_o of_o their_o mother_n and_o yet_o the_o mother_n may_v by_o paction_n or_o testament_n provide_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o succ_v except_o they_o bear_v her_o arm_n in_o which_o case_n they_o may_v be_v force_v to_o carry_v they_o if_o the_o prince_n consent_n for_o he_o only_o can_v bestow_v arm_n and_o without_o this_o the_o son_n can_v bear_v they_o peleus_n act_n foren_n c._n 96._o whither_o agnati_fw-la transversale_n such_o as_o nephew_n uncle_n etc._n etc._n have_v right_a to_o carry_v the_o arm_n that_o be_v give_v by_o the_o prince_n to_o their_o uncle_n and_o those_o of_o his_o family_n may_v be_v doubt_v and_o that_o they_o may_v be_v conclude_v by_o the_o doctor_n nam_fw-la agnati_fw-la intelliguntur_fw-la esse_fw-la de_fw-la familia_fw-la l._n pronunciatio_fw-la f._n de_fw-fr verb._n signif_n but_o if_o the_o arm_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o these_o descend_v of_o his_o body_n they_o will_v thereby_o or_o by_o any_o such_o express_a concession_n be_v seclude_v it_o be_v most_o ordinar_n in_o scotland_n to_o tailye_o estate_n to_o the_o elder_a heir_n fernal_a she_o marry_v one_o who_o shall_v bear_v the_o name_n and_o arm_n of_o the_o disponer_n family_n but_o whether_o the_o person_n who_o marry_v that_o heretrix_fw-la or_o heiress_n as_o the_o english_a speak_v may_v lawful_o carry_v the_o disponner_n arm_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o heraldry_n want_v not_o its_o scruple_n seeing_z arma_fw-la gentilitia_fw-la which_o be_v presume_v still_o to_o be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n non_fw-la transeunt_fw-la ad_fw-la extraneos_fw-la else_o any_o man_n may_v give_v arm_n as_o well_o as_o the_o prince_n or_o herald_n yet_o lawyer_n be_v very_o positive_a that_o their_o paction_n be_v lawful_a &_o qui_fw-la liberâ—s_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la potest_fw-la in_o alium_fw-la transfer_v suum_fw-la feudum_fw-la ea_fw-la conditione_n ut_fw-la adoptatus_fw-la nomen_fw-la &_o arma_fw-la &_o insignia_fw-la ferat_fw-la former_a tract_n feud_n tit_n de_fw-mi his_o qui_fw-la feudum_fw-la accipere_fw-la possunt_fw-la and_o that_o because_o arm_n be_v give_v not_o only_o to_o reward_v the_o receiver_n virtue_n but_o to_o distinguish_v family_n &_o quia_fw-la adoptatus_fw-la transit_fw-la in_o familiam_fw-la &_o agnationem_fw-la adoptantâ—_n some_o lawyer_n do_v here_o distinguish_v betwixt_o he_o who_o be_v so_o assume_v or_o adopt_v by_o one_o of_o his_o own_o predecessor_n or_o family_n for_o these_o sure_o may_v bear_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o adopter_fw-mi and_o these_o who_o be_v stranger_n before_o the_o adoption_n and_o they_o conclude_v that_o these_o can_v have_v right_o to_o the_o arm_n and_o this_o be_v assert_v by_o hopping_n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr insig_a cap._n 7.5_o num_fw-la 251._o to_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n of_o the_o best_a lawyer_n but_o i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v more_o just_o distinguish_v whether_o the_o disposition_n be_v make_v to_o a_o daughter_n she_o marry_v one_o who_o shall_v bear_v the_o name_n and_o arm_n for_o in_o that_o case_n certain_o the_o child_n may_v bear_v the_o arm_n for_o she_o be_v heiress_n herself_o but_o if_o land_n be_v dispone_v to_o a_o mere_a stranger_n not_o upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v marry_v a_o daughter_n but_o that_o he_o shall_v bear_v the_o name_n and_o arm_n it_o may_v be_v in_o that_o case_n assert_v that_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o disposition_n can_v bear_v the_o arm_n for_o that_o be_v not_o in_o the_o disponner_n power_n to_o bestow_v except_o the_o prince_n consent_n and_o suitable_a to_o this_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o co._n 4._o inst_n 126._o that_o edmond_n de_fw-fr eincourt_n obtain_v from_o e._n 1._o a_o liberty_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n to_o assign_v his_o name_n and_o arm_n but_o that_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n do_v find_v that_o such_o a_o assignation_n without_o the_o king_n consent_n be_v void_a and_o with_o we_o if_o the_o king_n either_o confirm_v a_o right_n make_v of_o name_n and_o arm_n or_o accept_v a_o resignation_n upon_o that_o condition_n this_o be_v think_v equivalent_a to_o a_o original_a right_n though_o the_o descendent_a of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o arm_n be_v first_o grant_v may_v bear_v they_o yet_o the_o elder_a son_n who_o represent_v the_o receiver_n of_o the_o arm_n proper_o can_v only_o bear_v they_o entire_a by_o the_o law_n of_o spain_n molim_n l._n 2._o the_o hisp_n primog_n the_o same_o be_v observe_v in_o france_n colomb_n do_fw-mi de_fw-fr brisur_n and_o expilly_n relate_v à _fw-la decis_fw-la of_o the_o parliament_n of_o grenoble_n anno_fw-la 1496._o wherein_o they_o find_v that_o the_o cadet_n of_o the_o family_n can_v not_o bear_v the_o arm_n of_o it_o simple_o and_o without_o distinction_n the_o like_a be_v find_v by_o the_o parliament_n of_o tholouse_n anno_fw-la 1509._o in_o scotland_n and_o england_n the_o same_o be_v observe_v in_o piemount_n all_o the_o son_n of_o count_n bear_v the_o same_o arm_n without_o any_o other_o distinction_n save_v that_o the_o elder_a carry_v the_o crown_n of_o a_o count_n but_o the_o cadet_n do_v not_o tessaur_n decis_fw-la 270._o nu_fw-la 6._o in_o germany_n the_o several_a branch_n of_o great_a family_n distinguish_v themselves_o only_o by_o different_a crest_n without_o insert_v any_o addition_n in_o the_o arm_n themselves_o as_o menestrier_n observe_v pag._n 389._o the_o elder_a also_o of_o the_o three_o secular_a elector_n use_v in_o each_o of_o their_o coat_n the_o badge_n of_o their_o office_n as_o a_o mark_n of_o their_o office_n rather_o than_o as_o a_o distinction_n hop_v c._n 7._o and_o gaspar_n bombaci_n observe_v that_o there_o be_v few_o or_o no_o difference_n use_v in_o italy_n che_fw-it vuole_fw-it essempi_fw-la frequenti_fw-la di_fw-it arm_n di_fw-it un_fw-it medisimo_fw-la liguaggio_fw-mi ln_o vary_v guise_n non_fw-la sostantialment_fw-it maaccidentalment_fw-it diversificate_n bisogna_fw-it que_fw-fr esca_fw-la fuori_fw-la d'_fw-fr italia_n and_o i_o think_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o german_n use_v none_o be_v because_o all_o succeed_v equal_o there_o to_o the_o honour_n and_o estate_n likeas_n it_o seem_v that_o in_o italy_n the_o reason_n of_o frequent_a omit_v they_o be_v because_o there_o the_o cadet_n be_v ordinary_o churchman_n and_o these_o use_n nor_o need_v no_o mark_n of_o difference_n or_o cadency_n because_o they_o be_v to_o have_v no_o succession_n
in_o blazon_v we_o only_o say_v with_o crown_n helmet_n and_o mantling_n befit_v his_o degree_n without_o express_v the_o colour_n but_o since_o mantlings_n represent_v only_o the_o covert_n of_o shield_n and_o must_v be_v represent_v all_o tear_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v with_o we_o represent_v the_o robe_n of_o our_o nobleman_n and_o of_o old_a with_o we_o our_o mantlings_n be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o coat_n line_v or_o double_v with_o the_o metal_n which_o be_v more_o proper_a than_o that_o we_o now_o use_v sometime_o the_o achievement_n stand_v within_o a_o pavilion_n as_o that_o of_o the_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o france_n this_o petra_n sancta_fw-la call_v tentorium_fw-la and_o be_v as_o he_o observe_v competent_a only_o to_o prince_n though_o all_o use_v they_o not_o but_o i_o admire_v why_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v not_o assume_v as_o well_o the_o pavilion_n as_o arm_n of_o france_n see_v that_o be_v one_o of_o the_o special_a honour_n of_o that_o kingdom_n but_o yet_o subject_n use_v mantlings_n in_o form_n of_o a_o pavilion_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o achievement_n of_o belchier_n of_o gilsborough_n represent_v by_o guilims_n pag._n 409._o and_o these_o pet._n sanct._n call_v chlamys_fw-la vmbella_n or_o palliolum_fw-la pag._n 642._o where_o he_o also_o inform_v we_o that_o the_o general_n of_o the_o pope_n army_n carry_v ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la his_o arm_n within_o a_o pavilion_n or_o tent._n chap._n xxviii_o of_o wreath_n above_o the_o helmet_n immediate_o do_v stand_v the_o wreath_n which_o the_o french_a call_n burlet_n and_o in_o our_o ancient_a scot_n heraldry_n it_o be_v call_v the_o roll_n or_o row_v because_o of_o its_o shape_n sometime_o the_o english_a and_o we_o in_o imitation_n of_o they_o do_v term_v it_o a_o torse_n à _fw-la torquendo_fw-la it_o be_v a_o cord_n of_o their_o mistress_n colour_n as_o favin_n relate_v pag._n 1._o cap._n 3._o fol._n 24._o and_o do_v hang_v and_o dangle_v to_o the_o very_a crupper_n of_o their_o horse_n the_o extremity_n be_v tassle_v and_o enrich_v the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v to_o fasten_v their_o mantlings_n to_o their_o helmet_n now_o these_o wreath_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o field_n and_o charge_v and_o the_o rule_n be_v that_o the_o first_o shall_v be_v that_o of_o the_o field_n and_o then_o that_o of_o the_o immediate_a charge_n and_o after_o that_o the_o next_o mediate_v and_o so_o forth_o if_o there_o be_v more_o charge_n than_o one_o yet_o some_o old_a wreath_n with_o we_o differ_v from_o these_o and_o possible_o these_o have_v be_v at_o first_o mistress_n colour_n though_o the_o earl_n marshal_v bear_v arg_fw-mi on_o a_o chief_a or_o three_o pale_n gules_a yet_o his_o wreath_n be_v or_o and_o gules_a whereas_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v arg._n or_o and_o gules_a the_o earl_n of_o nithisdale_n arg_fw-mi a_o double_a eagle_n sable_a member_v gules_a yet_o his_o wreath_n arg_fw-mi and_o sable_a yet_o this_o may_v be_v ascribe_v as_o a_o error_n of_o the_o painter_n but_o it_o shall_v be_v reform_v when_o more_o coat_n be_v quarter_v the_o colour_n of_o the_o paternal_a coat_n be_v only_o to_o be_v twist_v in_o the_o wreath_n and_o this_o rule_n be_v observe_v in_o all_o our_o achievement_n two_o or_o three_o except_v which_o may_v be_v reform_v without_o name_v the_o bearer_n if_o the_o field_n be_v charge_v with_o a_o fur_n and_o colour_n than_o some_o make_v the_o wreath_n to_o be_v of_o that_o same_o fur_n and_o colour_n thus_o the_o earl_n of_o lowâ—on_n bear_v gyronâ—e_v of_o 8_o piece_n ermine_n and_o gules_a and_o his_o wreath_n be_v ermine_n and_o gules_a but_o i_o think_v that_o the_o wreath_n shall_v never_o consist_v of_o any_o fur_n for_o fur_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v twist_v in_o a_o wreath_n nor_o to_o bind_v the_o helmet_n which_o be_v the_o use_n of_o a_o wreath_n nor_o do_v i_o ever_o see_v any_o such_o wreath_n in_o approven_v author_n and_o we_o say_v constant_o on_o a_o wreath_n of_o his_o colour_n but_o never_o of_o his_o fur_n so_o that_o these_o who_o carry_v only_a fur_n in_o their_o shield_n shall_v carry_v a_o wreath_n of_o these_o colour_n as_o if_o ermine_n then_o white_a and_o black_a etc._n etc._n chap._n xxix_o of_o crest_n the_o ancient_n do_v wear_v the_o shape_n of_o several_a creature_n or_o some_o such_o thing_n above_o their_o helmet_n call_v crista_n to_o make_v they_o appear_v terrible_a virg._n lib._n 8._o aen._n terribilem_fw-la cristis_fw-la galeam_fw-la flamasque_fw-la vomentem_fw-la or_o to_o distinguish_v they_o in_o battle_n sed_fw-la cum_fw-la centuriones_fw-la galeas_n haberent_fw-la ferreas_fw-la transversis_fw-la tamen_fw-la &_o argentatis_fw-la eristis_fw-la quo_fw-la facilius_fw-la agnoscerentur_fw-la à _fw-la suis_fw-la veget._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 16._o or_o to_o adorn_v their_o helmet_n stat._n lib._n 2._o interdum_fw-la cristas_fw-la hilaris_fw-la jactare_fw-la comantes_fw-la that_o these_o be_v juris_fw-la gentium_fw-la in_o use_n among_o and_o approven_v by_o all_o nation_n be_v clear_a from_o limn_v lib._n cap._n 6_o numb_a 74._o and_o now_o all_o such_o as_o be_v allow_v to_o wear_v helmet_n be_v allow_v to_o adorn_v they_o with_o crest_n and_o for_o crest_n man_n choose_v what_o they_o fancy_v only_o it_o be_v not_o proper_a to_o choose_v such_o thing_n as_o can_v not_o stand_v or_o be_v carry_v by_o warrior_n upon_o their_o helmet_n such_o as_o balance_n or_o such_o other_o thing_n which_o can_v either_o stand_v fix_v or_o wave_n with_o beauty_n the_o french_a call_v the_o crest_n cimier_n because_o it_o stand_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o shield_n sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr cime_fw-la de_fw-fr l'escu_n but_o the_o old_a and_o proper_a term_n use_v in_o scotland_n for_o a_o crest_n be_v a_o badge_n because_o our_o nobleman_n in_o ride_a parliament_n and_o at_o other_o solemnity_n do_v bear_v their_o crest_n wrought_v out_o in_o a_o plate_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n upon_o their_o lackey_n coat_n which_o be_v of_o velvet_n and_o now_o the_o crest_n be_v use_v upon_o all_o seal_n and_o plate_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o nobleman_n among_o we_o to_o carry_v differ_v crest_n from_o the_o chief_a family_n out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v descend_v it_o be_v ordinar_n to_o bear_v for_o a_o crest_n a_o part_n of_o what_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o charge_n thus_o the_o crest_n of_o scotland_n be_v a_o lion_n the_o crest_n of_o england_n be_v a_o leopard_n the_o crest_n of_o france_n a_o double_a flower_n de_fw-fr lis_fw-fr and_o with_o we_o the_o earl_n of_o dumfermling_n carry_v a_o crescent_a and_o the_o earl_n of_o lothian_n a_o sun_n in_o his_o glory_n sometime_o also_o the_o crest_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o supporter_n thus_o the_o earl_n of_o linlithgow_n carry_v for_o his_o crest_n a_o demy-savage_a proper_a hold_v a_o batton_n in_o hand_n dexter_a and_o his_o supporter_n be_v two_o savage_n with_o batton_n the_o earl_n of_o weems_n carry_v for_o his_o crest_n a_o swan_n proper_a and_o his_o supporter_n be_v two_o swan_n sometime_o also_o the_o crest_n be_v bestow_v by_o the_o prince_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o service_n do_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o royal_a crest_n can_v be_v bear_v without_o special_a warrant_n and_o thus_o the_o earl_n of_o lauderdale_n bear_v the_o crest_n of_o scotland_n for_o his_o crest_n have_v a_o flower_n de-lis_a in_o place_n of_o the_o sceptre_n sometime_o it_o be_v relative_a to_o alliance_n and_o thus_o the_o earl_n of_o kinghorn_n bear_v for_o his_o crest_n a_o lady_n to_o the_o west_n hold_v in_o her_o right_a hand_n the_o royal_a thistle_n and_o enclose_v within_o a_o circle_n of_o laurel_n in_o memory_n of_o the_o honour_n that_o family_n have_v in_o marry_v king_n robert_n the_o second_o be_v daughter_n sometime_o it_o represent_v some_o valiant_a act_n do_v by_o the_o bearer_n thus_o m_n cclelland_n of_o bombie_n do_v and_o now_o the_o lord_n kirkcudbright_n do_v bear_v a_o naked_a arm_n support_v on_o the_o point_n of_o a_o sword_n a_o moor_n head_n because_o bombie_n be_v forfeit_v his_o son_n kill_v a_o more_o who_o come_v in_o with_o some_o saracen_n to_o infest_v galloway_n to_o the_o killer_n of_o who_o the_o king_n have_v promise_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o bombie_n and_o thereupon_o he_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o father_n land_n as_o his_o evident_n yet_o testify_v sometime_o it_o respect_v the_o title_n of_o the_o bearer_n thus_o the_o lord_n ross_n of_o halkhead_n bear_v for_o his_o crest_n a_o falcon_n head_n erase_v sometime_o it_o relate_v to_o a_o office_n or_o employment_n thus_o the_o lord_n johnstoun_n be_v warden_n of_o the_o march_n and_o very_o famous_a for_o repress_v robbery_n take_v for_o his_o crest_n a_o spurr_n with_o wing_n sometime_o it_o be_v à _fw-la rebus_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v something_a borrow_a from_o
the_o name_n thus_o the_o lord_n cranston_n have_v for_o his_o crest_n a_o crane_n sleep_v with_o her_o head_n under_o her_o wing_n and_o sometime_o crest_n be_v take_v by_o nobleman_n from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o country_n as_o the_o earl_n of_o sutherland_n take_v a_o cat_n for_o his_o crest_n because_o sutherland_n be_v call_v cattu_n in_o irish_a and_o be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o great_a number_n of_o wild_a cat_n which_o be_v of_o old_a and_o yet_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o that_o shire_n sometime_o crest_n be_v take_v from_o some_o considerable_a deliverance_n thus_o the_o laird_n of_o anstruther_n give_v two_o hand_n grasp_a a_o pole-axe_n with_o the_o word_n perâ—issem_fw-la ni_fw-fr periâ—ssem_fw-la because_o his_o predecessor_n as_o be_v common_o report_v do_v strike_v off_o the_o head_n of_o the_o laird_n of_o barn_n with_o a_o pole-axe_n when_o he_o be_v come_v to_o his_o house_n with_o a_o intention_n to_o kill_v he_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o change_v the_o crest_n and_o colomb_n pag._n 4._o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o such_o as_o change_v their_o arm_n to_o retain_v a_o part_n of_o their_o old_a arm_n as_o a_o crest_n cadet_n also_o do_v and_o may_v change_v their_o crest_n thus_o dumfermling_n keep_v not_o the_o crest_n of_o winton_n nor_o kellie_n the_o crest_n of_o marr_n but_o it_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o cadet_n when_o they_o take_v crest_n to_o take_v a_o member_n or_o some_o small_a part_n of_o their_o chief_n crest_n or_o arm_n as_o ogilvie_n of_o birny_n have_v take_v the_o lion_n paw_n though_o it_o be_v ordinar_n to_o retain_v the_o chief_n crest_n mark_v by_o the_o ordinar_n difference_n or_o of_o a_o different_a colour_n chap._n xxx_o of_o crown_n the_o first_o origine_fw-la of_o crown_n in_o arm_n be_v from_o the_o roman_n app._n lib._n 2._o de_fw-fr bell._n civil_a for_o they_o reward_v the_o great_a action_n of_o their_o citizen_n and_o warrior_n with_o different_a and_o suitable_a crown_n which_o i_o have_v set_v down_o out_o of_o ingenious_a mr._n cartwright_n corona_n muralis_fw-la this_o be_v due_a to_o he_o that_o be_v first_o see_v upon_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o enemy_n corona_n castrensis_n for_o he_o that_o make_v a_o breach_n in_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o first_o a_o crown_n embattle_v or_o make_v with_o battlement_n be_v of_o gold_n the_o other_o of_o tower_n and_o then_o they_o have_v corona_n navalis_fw-la garnish_v with_o forecastle_n for_o service_n at_o sea_n make_v of_o gold_n too_o then_o corona_n ovalis_fw-la of_o myrtle_n for_o victory_n get_v with_o little_a hazard_n corona_n obsidialis_fw-la which_o be_v make_v of_o grass_n for_o he_o that_o preserve_v a_o army_n besiege_v corona_n civica_n for_o he_o that_o save_v a_o citizen_n from_o the_o enemy_n make_v of_o oaken_a bough_n corona_n olivaris_n of_o olive_n leave_v for_o victory_n in_o the_o olympic_a game_n and_o corona_n populea_fw-la for_o young_a man_n that_o be_v find_v industrious_a and_o studious_a in_o the_o exercise_n of_o virtue_n but_o i_o find_v that_o among_o these_o reward_n of_o honour_n that_o of_o ivy_n call_v corona_n hederalis_fw-la be_v only_o appropriate_v to_o the_o poet_n crown_n be_v still_o the_o infallible_a mark_n of_o kingly_a power_n and_o therefore_o sueâ—on_a in_o calligula_n life_n observe_v parum_fw-la abfuit_fw-la quin_fw-la diadema_fw-la sumeret_fw-la &_o speciem_fw-la principatus_fw-la in_o regnum_fw-la converteret_fw-la which_o expression_n i_o have_v set_v down_o to_o show_v that_o the_o roman_a emperor_n be_v then_o less_o than_o king_n in_o their_o title_n though_o great_a in_o their_o power_n as_o to_o the_o crown_n now_o bear_v they_o differ_v not_o only_o according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o bearer_n but_o according_a to_o the_o nation_n wherein_o they_o be_v bear_v for_o england_n and_o france_n differ_v much_o in_o this_o though_o the_o english_a acknowledge_v that_o they_o owe_v their_o heraldry_n to_o the_o french_a i_o have_v here_o set_v down_o the_o different_a shape_v of_o the_o english_a crown_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v the_o crown_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n which_o be_v but_o little_a different_a from_o that_o of_o england_n in_o the_o second_o which_o be_v imperial_a too_o the_o third_n be_v a_o coronet_n of_o the_o prince_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o king_n only_o the_o arch_n mound_n and_o cross_n want_v the_o four_o be_v a_o crownet_n of_o a_o archduke_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o a_o duke_n the_o arch_n only_o add_v the_o five_o be_v a_o crownet_n florial_n only_o proper_a to_o a_o duke_n the_o six_o be_v the_o crownet_n of_o a_o marquis_n which_o differ_v thus_o it_o be_v of_o leave_n and_o point_n the_o leave_n or_o flower_n above_o the_o point_n the_o seven_o be_v proper_a to_o a_o earl_n which_o have_v point_n and_o flower_n but_o the_o point_n be_v above_o the_o flower_n the_o eight_o be_v due_a to_o a_o viscount_n which_o be_v a_o circulet_fw-la pearl_a and_o neither_o flower_n nor_o point_n as_o to_o the_o french_a the_o french_a king_n crown_n be_v close_o above_o like_o the_o imperial_a and_o raise_v into_o eight_o demy-diadem_n enrich_v with_o diamond_n etc._n etc._n the_o dolphin_n crown_n differ_v only_o from_o the_o king_n in_o that_o it_o rise_v upon_o four_o demy-diadem_n the_o king_n upon_o eight_o the_o circle_n of_o their_o ducal_z crown_n be_v enrich_v with_o stone_n and_o pearl_n and_o be_v raise_v with_o eight_o flower_n their_o marquis_n crown_n have_v its_o circle_n adorn_v only_o with_o pearl_n tempeste_n the_o perl_n and_o raise_v into_o four_o flower_n betwixt_o 12_o point_n or_o pearl_n as_o the_o french_a call_v they_o their_o count_n carry_v only_o a_o circle_n of_o gold_n raise_v unto_o nine_o point_n one_fw-mi cercle_n d'_fw-fr or_o garny_a de_fw-fr pier_n reries_fw-fr rehausse_fw-fr de_fw-fr 9_o gross_v pearl_n de_fw-fr comte_n the_o viscount_n have_v only_o a_o circle_n of_o gold_n plain_a or_o enamble_v and_o raise_v unto_o four_o point_n or_o as_o the_o french_a term_v they_o four_o pearl_n baron_n have_v also_o in_o france_n a_o circle_n of_o gold_n enamble_v mount_v by_o a_o bracelet_n of_o pearl_n of_o late_o both_o the_o baron_n in_o england_n and_o lord_n in_o scotland_n have_v get_v coronet_n by_o his_o majesty_n concession_n the_o banneret_n carry_v only_o a_o plain_a circle_n of_o gold_n adorn_v with_o three_o ordinar_n pearl_n our_o baronet_n carry_v no_o crown_n nor_o circle_v the_o regal_a crown_n of_o scotland_n have_v arch_n mound_n and_o cross_n like_v to_o that_o of_o england_n adorn_v with_o precious_a stone_n and_o pearl_n and_o have_v four_o flower_n de_fw-fr lis_fw-fr and_o as_o many_o cross_n patâ—é_v interchange_v farm_n pag._n 79._o the_o nine_o figure_n here_o represent_v be_v by_o silvanus_n morgan_n say_v to_o be_v than_o crown_n which_o be_v bear_v by_o homager_n king_n and_o by_o john_n balliol_n when_o he_o hold_v the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o but_o i_o beg_v the_o gentleman_n pardon_n to_o tell_v he_o that_o of_o old_a the_o roman_a emperor_n carry_v no_o other_o than_o these_o after_o their_o apotheosis_n and_o be_v number_v among_o the_o the_o god_n lucan_n fulminibus_fw-la manes_fw-la radiisque_fw-la ornabit_fw-la &_o astris_fw-la a_o lord_n coronet_n chap._n xxxi_o of_o supporter_n supporter_n be_v these_o exterior_a ornament_n which_o be_v place_v without_o the_o shield_n at_o its_o side_n and_o be_v at_o first_o invent_v as_o pet._n sancta_fw-la observe_v to_o represent_v the_o armour-bearer_n of_o knight_n but_o why_o then_o be_v they_o ordinary_o two_o and_o therefore_o i_o rather_o believe_v that_o their_o first_o origine_fw-la and_o use_v be_v from_o the_o custom_n which_o ever_o be_v and_o be_v of_o lead_v such_o as_o be_v invest_v with_o any_o great_a honour_n to_o the_o prince_n who_o confer_v it_o thus_o when_o any_o man_n be_v create_v a_o duke_n marquess_z or_o knight_n of_o st._n andrew_n of_o the_o garter_n or_o any_o other_o order_n either_o in_o scotland_n or_o else_o where_o he_o be_v support_v by_o and_o lead_v to_o thâ—_n prince_n betwixt_o two_o of_o the_o quality_n and_o so_o receive_v from_o he_o the_o symbol_n of_o that_o honour_n and_o in_o remembrance_n of_o that_o solemnity_n his_o arm_n be_v thereafter_o support_v by_o any_o two_o creature_n which_o he_o choose_v and_o therefore_o in_o the_o receive_a opinion_n of_o all_o herald_n only_o nobiles_fw-la majores_fw-la who_o have_v be_v so_o invest_v in_o these_o honour_n be_v allow_v to_o have_v supporter_n and_o albeit_o chief_n of_o old_a family_n have_v use_v supporter_n with_o we_o yet_o they_o owe_v these_o to_o prescription_n and_o not_o to_o the_o original_a institution_n of_o heraldry_n as_o shall_v be_v observe_v other_o as_o menestier_n think_v that_o when_o knight_n hang_v up_o their_o shield_n to_o provoke_v all_o passenger_n