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hand_n etc._n etc._n that_o they_o will_v grant_v he_o some_o aid_n upon_o wool_n leather_n etc._n etc._n where_o upon_o deliberation_n be_v bad_a the_o say_a prelate_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v grant_v he_o 40_o shilling_n to_o be_v take_v on_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o not_o only_o the_o commons_o but_o also_o the_o lord_n have_v be_v oftentimes_o petitioner_n as_o well_o as_o the_o commons_o pray_v see_v these_o authority_n the_o 1_o be_v the_o statute_n of_o provisor_n 27_o edw._n 3d._n run_v thus_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n with_o the_o assent_n and_o prayer_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n have_v ordain_v etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o four_o of_o ed._n four_o i_o e._n it_o be_v recite_v thus_o the_o king_n by_o the_o assent_n advice_n request_v and_o authority_n of_o his_o lord_n spiritual_a temporal_a and_o commons_o etc._n etc._n have_v ordain_v and_o establish_v in_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o edw._n 6._o c._n 4._o it_o be_v thus_o wherefore_o the_o king_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n mind_v and_o entire_o desire_v at_o the_o humble_a petition_n and_o suit_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v do_v declare_v ordain_v and_o enact_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o and_o that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v always_o necessary_a to_o the_o make_n of_o law_n not_o as_o bare_a petitioner_n but_o as_o assenter_n too_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n appear_v by_o this_o protestation_n or_o declaration_n of_o the_o commons_o 46._o to_o edw._n 3d._n which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 51._o of_o that_o king_n which_o i_o shall_v read_v to_o you_o in_o 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his_o father_n and_o to_o be_v exile_v from_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n be_v in_o so_o great_a jeopardy_n in_o a_o strange_a country_n and_o see_v the_o destruction_n and_o disinherison_n which_o be_v notorious_o do_v in_o england_n upon_o holy_a church_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o same_o by_o the_o say_a spencer_n robert_n baldock_n and_o edmund_n earl_n of_o arundel_n by_o the_o encroachment_n of_o royal_a power_n to_o themselves_o and_o see_v they_o may_v not_o remedy_v the_o same_o unless_o they_o come_v into_o england_n with_o a_o army_n of_o man_n of_o war_n and_o have_v by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n with_o such_o puissance_n and_o the_o help_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n vanquish_v and_o destroy_v the_o say_a spencer_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o 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so_o much_o as_o in_o language_n therefore_o what_o i_o say_v before_o in_o the_o case_n of_o king_n stephen_n be_v also_o true_a in_o this_o quod_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la debuit_fw-la factum_fw-la valet_fw-la and_o all_o the_o act_n make_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n richard_n though_o â—_o horrid_a usurper_n be_v never_o repeal_v but_o stand_v good_a at_o this_o day_n as_o to_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v the_o manner_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o vii_o this_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v also_o true_a but_o as_o for_o his_o title_n to_o it_o by_o right_a of_o succession_n that_o be_v certain_o false_a for_o his_o mother_n the_o countess_n of_o richmond_n be_v then_o alive_a by_o who_o he_o claim_v the_o crown_n and_o live_v divers_a year_n after_o he_o be_v king_n so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_n that_o he_o claim_v the_o crown_n in_o parliament_n vii_o tam_fw-la per_fw-la justum_fw-la titulum_fw-la haereditantiae_fw-la quam_fw-la per_fw-la verum_fw-la dei_fw-la judicium_fw-la in_fw-la tribuendo_fw-la sibi_fw-la victoriam_fw-la de_fw-la inimico_fw-la svo_fw-la in_o campo_fw-it though_o the_o latter_a of_o these_o title_n may_v be_v true_a viz._n the_o conquest_n of_o king_n richard_n especial_o when_o once_o he_o be_v confirm_v and_o recognize_v in_o parliament_n yet_o that_o the_o former_a can_v not_o be_v so_o be_v plain_a from_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v so_o that_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o king_n henry_n the_o vii_o this_o best_a title_n be_v neither_o by_o inheritance_n nor_o marriage_n with_o the_o princess_n elizabeth_n but_o by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o unprint_v statute_n itself_o still_o upon_o the_o roll_n which_o since_o you_o do_v not_o repeat_v d._n i_o will_v the_o title_n be_v titulus_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o it_o run_v in_o these_o word_n to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o almighty_n god_n the_o wealth_n prosperity_n and_o surety_n of_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n to_o the_o singular_a comfort_n of_o all_o the_o king_n subject_n of_o the_o same_o and_o in_o avoid_v of_o all_o ambiguity_n and_o question_n be_v it_o ordain_v establish_v and_o enact_v by_o authority_n of_o this_o present_a parliament_n that_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o of_o france_n with_o all_o the_o preeminence_n and_o dignity_n royal_a to_o the_o same_o pertain_v and_o all_o other_o seignoury_n to_o the_o king_n belong_v beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n thereto_o in_o any_o wise_a due_a or_o pertain_v be_v rest_n remain_z and_o abide_v in_o the_o most_o royal_a person_n of_o our_o now_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n henry_n the_o vii_o the_o and_o in_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n lawful_o come_v perpetual_o with_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n so_o to_o endure_v and_o in_o none_o
shall_v be_v so_o for_o it_o be_v not_o mere_o a_o legal_a title_n by_o descent_n r._n but_o a_o legal_a investitute_a and_o recognition_n by_o parliament_n that_o make_v a_o legal_a king_n or_o a_o king_n in_o law_n as_o it_o make_v a_o legal_a magistrate_n and_o then_o all_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la who_o be_v place_v in_o the_o throne_n by_o a_o legal_a authority_n and_o with_o all_o legal_a and_o acustomed_a ceremony_n be_v legal_a king_n and_o as_o such_o may_v require_v a_o legal_a allegiance_n so_o that_o all_o those_o hard_a word_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o ivth_o that_o call_v those_o king_n of_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n king_n in_o deed_n and_o not_o of_o right_n or_o pretend_a king_n mean_v no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o they_o be_v king_n for_o the_o time_n be_v and_o according_a to_o the_o law_n which_o have_v make_v they_o so_o though_o not_o according_a to_o that_o hereditary_a right_n of_o succession_n which_o those_o statute_n require_v if_o you_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o reply_v to_o this_o tell_v i_o or_o else_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o answer_v your_o two_o other_o argument_n m._n i_o will_v not_o at_o present_a say_v more_o to_o this_o than_o i_o have_v do_v and_o therefore_o you_o may_v proceed_v if_o you_o please_v f._n your_o two_o next_o argument_n be_v from_o the_o attainder_n of_o richard_n the_o iiid_n and_o his_o principle_n assistant_n which_o be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o to_o that_o prince_n himself_o as_o also_o his_o adherent_n the_o attainder_n of_o king_n de_fw-mi facto_fw-la and_o their_o assistant_n in_o after_o parliament_n do_v not_o prove_v that_o subject_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n against_o a_o king_n in_o possession_n nor_o do_v the_o statute_n of_o treason_n relate_v to_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la only_o for_o that_o statute_n be_v not_o make_v to_o secure_a prince_n title_n but_o the_o quiet_a of_o their_o government_n whilst_o they_o sit_v 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and_o in_o all_o the_o statute_n of_o praemunire_n make_v by_o edward_n the_o three_o the_o king_n sovereignty_n independent_a from_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n be_v express_o assert_v and_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 16_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o express_o declare_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v so_o free_a that_o it_o be_v under_o no_o earthly_a subjection_n but_o immediate_o subject_a to_o god_n in_o all_o thing_n touch_v the_o regality_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o no_o other_o and_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 24_o and_o 25_o of_o henry_n the_o eight_o express_o declare_v that_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v a_o empire_n govern_v by_o one_o supreme_a head_n and_o king_n and_o the_o crown_n or_o royal_a authority_n be_v also_o thereby_o declare_v imperial_a and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v therein_o stiâ—ed_v king_n or_o emperor_n of_o this_o realm_n so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o man_n needs_o to_o doubt_v where_o the_o supreme_a or_o 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fe_n yet_o do_v i_o not_o affirm_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o after_o some_o sort_n represent_v in_o parliament_n by_o their_o superior_a lord_n deim_fw-ge though_o not_o as_o commoner_n since_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o baron_n do_v then_o make_v law_n and_o give_v tax_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n also_o though_o of_o never_o so_o great_a estate_n and_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freehold_a of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o tenant_n by_o it_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freeholder_n f._n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o the_o falsity_n of_o this_o notion_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n pray_v tell_v i_o when_o a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v call_v who_o represent_v those_o person_n who_o you_o say_v do_v not_o appear_v there_o and_o make_v general_a law_n and_o grant_v general_n tax_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n when_o there_o be_v 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of_o the_o knight_n fee_n or_o part_n of_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o then_o hold_v and_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o sum_v impose_v in_o parliament_n either_o by_o way_n of_o aid_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n or_o else_o by_o way_n of_o subsidy_n by_o so_o much_o a_o yard_n or_o plough_v land_n throughout_o all_o england_n which_o have_v be_v the_o only_a way_n of_o tax_v ever_o since_o that_o of_o knight_n fee_n have_v be_v disuse_v f._n then_o i_o find_v after_o all_o you_o have_v say_v that_o scarce_o half_a your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o vote_n in_o prrliament_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n and_o so_o have_v law_n make_v for_o they_o and_o be_v tax_v at_o the_o king_n will_n be_v as_o
answer_v it_o i_o confess_v it_o appear_v very_o specious_a at_o first_o sight_n but_o what_o if_o i_o show_v you_o that_o this_o letter_n be_v write_v by_o the_o lord_n only_o from_o lincoln_n after_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v dismiss_v from_o thence_o by_o prorogation_n or_o adjournment_n for_o though_o it_o be_v common_o story_v but_o erroneous_o that_o this_o whole_a parliament_n 153._o or_o at_o least_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o the_o commons_o write_v to_o the_o pope_n concern_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o superiority_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n over_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v so_o for_o this_o parliament_n meet_v on_o the_o octave_n of_o hillary_n or_o the_o 20_o of_o january_n and_o sit_v but_o eight_o day_n the_o writ_n for_o the_o commons_o expense_n bear_v date_n january_n the_o 30_o of_o the_o same_o year_n writ_n and_o the_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n sign_v by_o the_o temporal_a lord_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v date_v feb._n 12_o the_o next_o follow_v at_o lincoln_n after_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v discharge_v 14_o day_n so_o that_o you_o see_v the_o baron_n still_o continue_v to_o style_v themselves_o the_o community_n of_o england_n and_o both_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a baron_n and_o other_o of_o the_o king_n council_n do_v stay_v and_o dispatch_v much_o business_n after_o all_o other_o be_v dismiss_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o there_o recite_v proclamation_n and_o may_v be_v full_o prove_v from_o the_o proceed_n of_o that_o paâ—liament_n as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o ryley_n plâ—cita_fw-la parliamentaria_fw-la etc._n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o england_n for_o who_o the_o baron_n there_o name_v set_v their_o seal_n to_o that_o letter_n you_o mention_v be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n only_o f._n i_o confess_v mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o animadversion_n upon_o my_o lord_n coke_n four_o institutes_n be_v the_o first_o who_o start_v this_o objection_n that_o the_o commons_o can_v not_o be_v present_a as_o party_n to_o this_o letter_n 9_o yet_o he_o still_o suppose_v that_o the_o lord_n who_o stay_v behind_o and_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o great_a council_n at_o lincoln_n sign_v it_o not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o for_o the_o commons_o also_o though_o not_o actual_o there_o and_o be_v not_o so_o extravagant_a as_o your_o dr._n to_o suppose_v that_o by_o the_o word_n in_o this_o letter_n tam_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la quam_fw-la pro_fw-la tota_fw-la communitate_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o community_n of_o baron_n only_o for_o that_o will_v have_v be_v a_o tautology_n indeed_o for_o so_o the_o last_o word_n communitas_fw-la etc._n etc._n will_v have_v signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o they_o subscribe_v for_o themselves_o and_o themselves_o and_o that_o the_o word_n cummaâ—â—tas_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o many_o example_n do_v then_o signify_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n must_v here_o mean_v more_o than_o your_o community_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n for_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v now_o by_o your_o own_o concession_n leave_v off_o to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n in_o a_o body_n as_o be_v now_o represent_v by_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o sir_n edward_n coke_n very_o well_o observe_v in_o his_o four_o institute_n that_o this_o letter_n be_v seal_v by_o above_o 104_o earl_n and_o baron_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o whole_a commonalty_n in_o parliament_n and_o mr._n pryn_n be_v so_o far_o convince_v of_o this_o in_o his_o exact_a history_n of_o papal_a usurpation_n that_o he_o â—tiles_v this_o letter_n 893._o the_o memorable_a epistle_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n great_a man_n and_o commons_o of_o england_n etc._n etc._n but_o to_o show_v you_o far_o that_o there_o be_v no_o change_n neither_o of_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o ancient_a parliament_n nor_o of_o the_o term_n by_o which_o they_o be_v express_v our_o ancient_a record_n appear_v by_o a_o plea_n among_o mr._n ryley_n print_a plea_n of_o parliament_n in_o 35th_o of_o edw._n i._n where_o it_o be_v recite_v 376._o that_o in_o a_o parliament_n at_o carlisle_n will._n de_fw-fr testa_n the_o pope_n clerk_n be_v impeach_v per_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitatem_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la concern_v divers_a new_a and_o intolerable_a grievance_n lay_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o pope_n where_o you_o see_v there_o be_v no_o change_n of_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la after_o the_o commons_o be_v as_o you_o suppose_v certain_o present_a in_o this_o parliament_n and_o why_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v not_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n as_o well_o as_o now_o you_o have_v need_n give_v i_o very_o good_a authority_n to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a against_o such_o clear_a evidence_n as_o this_o but_o this_o record_n go_v on_o and_o far_o recite_v that_o these_o letter_n be_v send_v to_o the_o pope_n exit_fw-la parte_fw-la communitatis_fw-la praedictae_fw-la and_o in_o which_o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la set_v forth_o the_o say_a grievance_n to_o the_o full_a now_o as_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la here_o express_v all_o sort_n of_o degree_n of_o clergy_n as_o well_o superior_a as_o inferior_a represent_v in_o parliament_n and_o convocation_n so_o much_o populus_fw-la here_o signify_v the_o laity_n of_o both_o order_n as_o well_o the_o commons_o as_o lord_n since_o the_o commons_o be_v certain_o present_a at_o this_o parliament_n and_o why_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la shall_v not_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n long_o before_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n for_o it_o but_o the_o dr.'s_n bear_v assertion_n and_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v that_o the_o commons_o can_v be_v no_o party_n to_o this_o letter_n because_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n that_o they_o be_v discharge_v before_o this_o letter_n be_v write_v admit_v it_o be_v so_o it_o make_v nothing_o against_o my_o assertion_n for_o why_o can_v not_o the_o commons_o agree_v upon_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o letter_n and_o leave_v the_o lord_n to_o draw_v it_o up_o and_o subscribe_v it_o for_o they_o after_o they_o be_v go_v home_o and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o appear_v by_o the_o letter_n if_o self_n which_o recite_v that_o the_o king_n have_v cause_v the_o pope_n letter_n in_o medio_fw-la or_o pleno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la exhiberi_fw-la ac_fw-la scriose_fw-la nobis_fw-la fecit_fw-la exponi_fw-la unde_fw-la habito_fw-la tractatu_fw-la &_o deliberationâ—_n diligenti_fw-la super_fw-la câ—â—tentis_fw-la in_o literis_fw-la vestris_fw-la memoratis_fw-la communis_fw-la concor_fw-la &_o unanimus_fw-la omnium_fw-la &_o singulâ—râ—m_fw-la consensus_fw-la suit_n etc._n etc._n now_o every_o one_o know_v that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o parliamentary_a affair_n that_o when_o any_o thing_n be_v say_v in_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o other_o record_n to_o have_v be_v agree_v upon_o in_o full_a parliament_n that_o be_v always_o understand_v to_o have_v be_v do_v all_o the_o estate_n be_v there_o present_a nor_o can_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o this_o letter_n shall_v not_o be_v call_v the_o letter_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o lord_n since_o the_o very_a statute_n of_o that_o age_n be_v often_o say_v to_o have_v be_v assent_v to_o by_o the_o commons_o though_o it_o be_v clear_a they_o be_v not_o draw_v up_o into_o form_n till_o after_o the_o parliament_n be_v dismiss_v but_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v certain_o party_n to_o this_o letter_n appear_v by_o a_o record_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o edw._n iii_o time_n print_v by_o mr._n pryn_n keeper_n of_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n and_o which_o he_o tell_v we_o he_o find_v among_o the_o roll_n in_o the_o white-town_n which_o record_n contain_v the_o head_n of_o a_o defence_n compile_v by_o the_o king_n council_n in_o order_n to_o a_o strong_a defence_n against_o the_o pope_n take_v cognizance_n in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n concern_v the_o king_n of_o england_n superiority_n over_o scotland_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o 2d_o of_o which_o record_n 895._o there_o be_v a_o remarkable_a article_n relate_v to_o this_o very_a letter_n now_o before_o we_o in_o these_o word_n item_n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la quod_fw-la nobiles_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o procuratores_fw-la crâ—munitatis_fw-la subditorum_fw-la regni_fw-la praedicti_fw-la admittantur_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la domiâ—â—â—_n regem_fw-la ad_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la defensiones_fw-la propenend_n prout_fw-la corum_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ab_fw-la avo_fw-la dicti_fw-la domâ—â—â—_n regis_fw-la nostri_fw-la â—rant_fw-la admissi_fw-la now_o to_o what_o transaction_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n i._n this_o king_n grandfather_n can_v this_o passage_n
praesentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la which_o pray_v let_v we_o put_v into_o english_a and_o see_v if_o it_o will_v not_o prove_v what_o i_o say_v viz._n the_o clergy_n and_o people_n be_v present_a with_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o if_o the_o word_n magnate_v as_o you_o affirm_v do_v then_o comprehend_v all_o the_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o what_o purpose_n be_v the_o word_n people_n put_v here_o as_o a_o distinct_a member_n of_o this_o parliament_n but_o to_o show_v you_o father_n that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laic_n but_o lord_n and_o knight_n of_o shire_n 〈◊〉_d shall_v show_v you_o out_o of_o walsingham_n anno_fw-la 1297._o 24_o edw._n i._o where_o he_o mention_n a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o st._n edmundsbury_n in_o quo_fw-la a_o civitatibus_fw-la &_o burgis_fw-la concessa_fw-la est_fw-la regâ—_n octava_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la vero_fw-la reliquo_fw-la dvodecima_fw-la pars_fw-la bonorum_fw-la where_o by_o populus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d not_o only_o mean_v the_o peer_n but_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o grands_fw-fr des_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d also_o m._n i_o be_o not_o prepare_v at_o present_a to_o answer_v all_o the_o query_n and_o difficulty_n that_o you_o can_v make_v or_o raise_v against_o the_o dr.'s_n argument_n yet_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o give_v you_o a_o very_a satisfactory_a answer_n why_o all_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n shall_v be_v bounâ—_n by_o the_o act_n of_o those_o of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o estate_n for_o since_o as_o i_o have_v a_o ready_a prove_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n except_o what_o belong_v to_o religious_a house_n be_v grant_v out_o by_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o be_v again_o grant_v out_o by_o these_o head-tenant_n to_o their_o feudatory_a oâ—_n mesne_n tenant_n by_o the_o like_a service_n there_o be_v very_o few_o land_n grant_v in_o free_a soccage_n at_o the_o first_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o process_n of_o time_n maâ—_n of_o those_o estate_n and_o land_n become_v free_a tenement_n i._n or_o be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n that_o be_v be_v freehold_n yet_o the_o lord_n still_o retaiâ—_n the_o homage_n which_o in_o the_o time_n we_o speak_v of_o be_v no_o idle_a insignificant_a word_n and_o by_o that_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o estate_n whereby_o upon_o disobedience_n treachery_n or_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n the_o land_n be_v forfeit_v to_o they_o and_o theâ—_n neither_o the_o land_n nor_o the_o tenant_n to_o they_o which_o be_v term_v freeholderâ—_n be_v subject_a to_o any_o base_a service_n or_o servile_a work_n yet_o the_o lord_n have_v still_o great_a power_n over_o these_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o do_v homage_n to_o they_o 〈◊〉_d â—o_o nominè_fw-la their_o land_n be_v many_o way_n liable_a to_o forfeiture_n and_o therefore_o it_o waâ—_n but_o reason_n that_o the_o chief_a lord_n be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v conclude_v that_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n also_o and_o both_o make_v law_n and_o give_v tax_n for_o they_o without_o their_o be_v at_o all_o privy_a to_o it_o but_o admit_v i_o grant_v that_o before_o 49th_o 〈◊〉_d there_o be_v in_o some_o sense_n commons_o in_o parliament_n though_o not_o as_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n choose_v by_o the_o common_a people_n as_o their_o representative_n yet_o 〈◊〉_d it_o not_o destroy_v i_o or_o the_o dr.'s_n assertion_n who_o in_o the_o introduction_n before_o the_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n only_o affirm_v that_o before_o the_o 49th_o aforesaid_a the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n or_o ordinary_a freeman_n as_o now_o understand_v or_o as_o we_o now_o call_v they_o collective_o take_v etc._n etc._n have_v any_o share_n or_o vote_n in_o make_v law_n unless_o as_o they_o be_v 〈◊〉_d present_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n 82._o be_v it_o so_o but_o i_o be_o sure_a in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o dr_n booâ—_n he_o absolute_o deny_v that_o there_o be_v any_o commons_o in_o parliament_n till_o the_o time_n he_o assign_v but_o as_o for_o what_o you_o allege_v in_o answer_n to_o my_o query_n how_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n can_v have_v law_n make_v for_o they_o and_o tax_n lay_v upon_o they_o 〈◊〉_d â—heir_a lord_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la your_o answer_n be_v whole_o ground_v upon_o mistake_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n king_n william_n do_v not_o grant_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o by_o knight_n service_n since_o as_o i_o shall_v prove_v hereafter_o there_o be_v many_o subordinate_a tenant_n to_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o great_a lord_n who_o never_o forfeit_v their_o estate_n at_o all_o nor_o be_v disseize_v of_o they_o by_o your_o conqueror_n â—ad_a who_o have_v also_o great_a number_n of_o considerable_a freeholder_n under_o they_o as_o in_o 〈◊〉_d at_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkind_a which_o be_v soccage_n teâ—re_o in_o the_o next_o place_n neither_o be_v all_o the_o land_n he_o bestow_v upon_o his_o follower_n grant_v to_o be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n since_o you_o your_o seâ—f_n own_o that_o a_o great_a deal_n â—land_n be_v give_v by_o he_o to_o his_o inferior_a servant_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o petit_n serjeanty_n and_o beside_o this_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o other_o land_n be_v regranted_a by_o that_o king_n himself_o 〈◊〉_d some_o of_o those_o old_a proprietor_n who_o have_v be_v dispossess_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n be_v appear_v from_o fleta_n 8._o who_o speak_v of_o these_o sort_n of_o man_n say_v express_o in_o 〈◊〉_d maneriis_fw-la seilicet_fw-la regis_fw-la erant_fw-la liberi_fw-la hemines_n labâ—ri_fw-la tenentes_fw-la quorum_fw-la quidaâ—i_fw-la 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la potentiores_fw-la a_o tenementis_fw-la fuerant_fw-la ejecti_fw-la eadem_fw-la post_fw-la modum_fw-la in_o villenagium_fw-la tenenâ—â—_fw-la resempserunt_fw-la &_o quia_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la cultores_fw-la regis_fw-la esse_fw-la dâ—gnoscuntur_fw-la provisa_fw-la 〈◊〉_d quiet_n ne_fw-la sectas_fw-la facerent_fw-la ad_fw-la comitatum_fw-la well_fw-mi hundredum_fw-la &c_n &c_n quorâ—m_fw-la â—â—gregationem_fw-la tunc_fw-la soccam_fw-la appellarent_fw-la hinc_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la sokemanni_n body_n dicunâ—â—_n etc._n etc._n where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o these_o socman_n or_o soccager_n be_v then_o create_v by_o a_o â—ew_a tenure_n from_o this_o king_n nor_o do_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la grant_v their_o land_n â—o_o other_o to_o be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n since_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n do_v at_o first_o 〈◊〉_d also_o in_o process_n of_o time_n grant_v land_n to_o the_o old_a english_a proprietor_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o â—â—em_n in_o soccage_n nor_o be_v homage_n the_o proper_a or_o only_a badge_n of_o soccage_n tenure_n but_o â—ealty_n unless_o the_o land_n have_v be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n at_o first_o as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o littleton_n 2d_o book_n sect._n 118._o nor_o do_v this_o soccage_n tenure_n give_v the_o lord_n any_o more_o right_a over_o his_o tenant_n estate_n to_o tax_v he_o de_fw-fr alto_fw-mi &_o bâ—sso_fw-la at_o his_o will_n by_o â—eason_n of_o the_o subjection_n he_o be_v in_o to_o the_o lord_n in_o respect_n of_o forfeiture_n since_o â—hen_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v have_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o same_o right_n over_o all_o his_o 〈◊〉_d in_o capite_fw-la to_o tax_v they_o likewise_o at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o this_o right_n of_o forfeiâ—â—â—_n in_o case_n of_o felony_n or_o for_o want_n of_o heir_n continue_v to_o the_o lord_n as_o well_o of_o soccage_n tenant_n as_o other_o long_o after_o the_o time_n you_o assign_v for_o the_o come_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n even_o to_o our_o own_o time_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o those_o lord_n can_v not_o give_v tax_n for_o such_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n at_o their_o pleasure_n but_o that_o we_o may_v proceed_v pray_v consider_v also_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n agree_v upon_o between_o the_o king_n the_o prince_n his_o son_n and_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n to_o compose_v all_o difference_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o â—arons_n the_o title_n of_o which_o in_o the_o record_n be_v thus_o haec_fw-la est_fw-la forma_fw-la 〈◊〉_d a_o domino_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o domino_fw-la edwardo_n filio_fw-la svo_fw-la dorso_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o proceriâ—â—â—â—â—â—â—ibus_fw-la cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la totâ_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la communitèr_fw-la &_o conâ—â—â—ditèr_fw-la approbata_fw-la which_o article_n be_v sign_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o lincoln_n the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n earl_n of_o oxon_n humphrey_n bohun_n william_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr canisio_n &_o majore_fw-la london_n in_o parliamento_fw-la london_n mensae_fw-la junii_fw-la anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1264._o haec_fw-la autem_fw-la â—rimatio_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la london_n de_fw-fr consensu_fw-la
hold_v whole_o by_o socage_n tenure_n whereas_o it_o appear_v plain_o by_o littleton_n that_o tenant_n in_o petyt_n serjeanty_n be_v subject_a to_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v that_o near_o half_a the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v hold_v by_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o who_o not_o a_o three_o part_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o will_v then_o likewise_o consider_v what_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o tenant_n those_o abbot_n prior_n dean_n and_o chapter_n who_o be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o must_v have_v have_v and_o who_o either_o hold_v estate_n in_o fee_n or_o else_o for_o life_n under_o they_o in_o socage_n as_o well_o as_o by_o knight_n service_n as_o also_o all_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o tenor_n i_o have_v already_o mention_v which_o either_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o some_o honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n by_o other_o tenor_n than_o knight_n service_n must_v certain_o conclude_v that_o not_o above_o one_o half_a of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v hold_v either_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n or_o else_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n by_o that_o tenure_n so_o that_o if_o all_o these_o person_n which_o be_v far_o the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o freeholders_n in_o england_n shall_v have_v be_v thus_o exclude_v from_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v in_o our_o great_a council_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o we_o shall_v have_v find_v sufficient_a clamour_n in_o our_o history_n against_o so_o unjust_a a_o constitution_n and_o when_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v in_o arm_n against_o king_n john_n at_o running-mead_n they_o will_v likewise_o have_v insert_v a_o clause_n for_o themselves_o if_o they_o have_v not_o have_v their_o suffrage_n there_o before_o either_o by_o themselves_o in_o their_o own_o person_n or_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o dare_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o any_o unprejudiced_a man_n whether_o it_o be_v not_o much_o more_o probable_a that_o the_o constitution_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n shall_v be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o time_n you_o assign_v than_o that_o so_o small_a a_o body_n of_o man_n as_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v represent_v all_o the_o freeholder_n and_o people_n of_o england_n who_o never_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n at_o all_o nor_o have_v you_o yet_o answer_v the_o quotation_n i_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o bracton_n in_o my_o last_o discourse_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o whoever_o will_v but_o consult_v that_o author_n in_o his_o chapter_n of_o tenor_n will_v find_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o power_n of_o charge_v all_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n at_o their_o pleasure_n that_o in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr tenuris_n it_o appear_v that_o a_o mesne_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v purchase_v a_o estate_n for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n be_v liable_a to_o no_o other_o service_n and_o condition_n than_o what_o his_o tenure_n express_v which_o once_o perform_v the_o lord_n have_v no_o more_o to_o say_v to_o he_o and_o if_o so_o be_v he_o lay_v any_o further_a burden_n upon_o he_o he_o may_v have_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o acquital_n out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n against_o he_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n several_a form_n of_o which_o you_o may_v see_v in_o glanville_n and_o in_o the_o old_a register_n m._n we_o be_v not_o to_o rest_v upon_o mere_a probability_n for_o some_o thing_n that_o now_o appear_v to_o we_o unreasonable_a at_o this_o instant_n of_o time_n may_v then_o be_v very_o just_a for_o if_o the_o feudatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v well_o enough_o content_v with_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o it_o then_o be_v and_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o common_a council_n for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o that_o of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n great_a lord_n and_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o argue_v of_o any_o unreasonableness_n in_o or_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o such_o a_o constitution_n though_o perhaps_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la nor_o yet_o by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o feudatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v upon_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o service_n acquit_v of_o all_o other_o charge_n yet_o this_o be_v still_o to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o ordinary_a service_n as_o those_o tenant_n be_v to_o perform_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o tenor_n such_o as_o be_v scutage_n service_n or_o the_o attend_v upon_o their_o lord_n when_o they_o go_v out_o to_o war_n along_o with_o the_o king_n but_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o such_o scutage_n as_o be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n or_o as_o a_o tax_n upon_o land_n by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o then_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o grantor_n but_o the_o collector_n too_o of_o such_o scutage_n tax_n from_o their_o military_a tenant_n and_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v different_a from_o those_o for_o scutage_n service_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v peruâ—e_v that_o writ_n which_o the_o dr._n quote_v of_o the_o 19_o of_o hen._n iii_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o that_o year_n dorso_fw-la rex_fw-la vice_n comiti_fw-la sussex_n salutem_fw-la scias_n quod_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priâ—reâ—_n comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la spontanea_fw-la voluâ—â—â—te_fw-la suâ—_n &_o sine_fw-la conâ—uetudine_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la nobis_fw-la efficax_n auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la magna_fw-la negotia_fw-la nostra_fw-la expedienda_fw-la unde_fw-la provisum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d de_fw-la consilâ—o_fw-la illorum_fw-la quod_fw-la habeamus_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n quae_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la gapite_fw-la duâ—s_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o unde_fw-la proviâ—erint_fw-la reddere_fw-la nobis_fw-la unam_fw-la medietatem_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la sancti_fw-la micâ—aelis_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 19_o &_o aliam_fw-la medictatem_fw-la ad_fw-la pasche_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la â—osirâ—_n 20._o ideo_fw-la tibi_fw-la precipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la capite_fw-la ad_fw-la mandatum_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la patris_fw-la r._n cicestren_a episcopi_fw-la cancellarii_n nostri_fw-la sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la distringas_fw-la omnes_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o liberos_fw-la tenentes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenent_n per_fw-la servitium_n militare_fw-la in_o balliva_fw-la tua_fw-la ad_fw-la redlendum_fw-la ei_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la feotis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n dvas_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la nobis_fw-la per_fw-la manum_fw-la svam_fw-la reddendum_fw-la in_o terminis_fw-la predictis_fw-la sic_fw-la scribitur_fw-la pro_fw-la aliis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o tell_v i_o whether_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v by_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o that_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v wherein_o it_o be_v first_o especial_o provide_v that_o no_o aid_n or_o scutage_n shall_v be_v impose_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n unless_o by_o the_o common_a council_n thereof_o and_o yet_o you_o see_v by_o this_o writ_n that_o the_o archbishop_n etc._n etc._n with_o the_o baron_n there_o mention_v together_o with_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o grant_v a_o aid_n or_o scutage_n tax_v of_o two_o mark_n for_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o that_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o not_o only_o those_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v in_o their_o hand_n but_o also_o all_o those_o subseudatary_a tenant_n call_v here_o freeholder_n who_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n be_v likewise_o charge_v for_o every_o knight_n fee_n so_o hold_v the_o like_a sum_n of_o two_o mark_n now_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o plain_a from_o this_o record_n than_o that_o this_o be_v a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o yet_o consist_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o some_o better_a proof_n than_o you_o yet_o have_v do_v that_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o make_v a_o distinct_a council_n different_a from_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n f._n i_o grant_v this_o seem_v at_o first_o sight_n to_o be_v a_o good_a authority_n for_o
translate_v 193._o the_o clergy_n and_o commons_o together_o with_o the_o nobility_n be_v summon_v and_o in_o 1_o of_o richard_n i._n r._n hoveden_n also_o tell_v we_o of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o pipewel_n abbey_n in_o northamptonshire_n where_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n produce_v a_o charter_n of_o king_n william_n i._o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o universis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la and_o a_o ancient_a charter_n of_o primo_fw-la of_o king_n john_n now_o in_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n library_n entitle_v charta_fw-la moderationis_fw-la seod_fw-la magni_fw-la sigilli_fw-la recite_v the_o say_a king_n to_o have_v be_v crown_v mediante_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o savore_fw-la and_o though_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v turbulent_a 587._o yet_o the_o author_n of_o the_o manuscript_n eulogium_fw-la quote_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n mention_n a_o great_a council_n at_o london_n in_o the_o 16_o the_o year_n of_o king_n john_n where_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v present_a cum_fw-la toto_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la secta_fw-la laicali_fw-la i._n e._n say_v dr._n heylin_n in_o the_o same_o place_n the_o clergy_n of_o both_o rank_n and_o order_n with_o all_o the_o laity_n call_v here_o secta_fw-la laicalis_fw-la and_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o have_v then_o their_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o the_o dr._n proceed_v thus_o and_o in_o possession_n of_o this_o right_a the_o clergy_n stand_v when_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v set_v forth_o by_o king_n henry_n the_o 3_o d._n wherein_o the_o freedom_n right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n of_o which_o this_o evident_o be_v one_o be_v confirm_v to_o they_o i._n e._n the_o whole_a clergy_n in_o general_n i_o have_v here_o show_v you_o what_o dr._n heylins_n sense_n be_v to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o a_o person_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o a_o high_a churchman_n think_v it_o no_o heresy_n to_o be_v of_o our_o opinion_n and_o to_o maintain_v as_o he_o do_v all_o along_o in_o that_o chapter_n that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n long_o before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n 3_o d_o and_o that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n continue_v to_o be_v so_o till_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o 4_o the_o at_o least_o but_o that_o their_o consent_n be_v also_o ancient_o ask_v in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v now_o give_v you_o from_o the_o continuation_n of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o far_o that_o they_o be_v once_o a_o part_n of_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la who_o though_o he_o be_v explode_v as_o a_o ancient_a author_n yet_o certain_o be_v a_o good_a witness_n for_o his_o own_o time_n viz._n that_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o where_o the_o procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la be_v reckon_v among_o the_o constituent_a member_n or_o state_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o two_o first_o writ_n of_o summons_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o on_o the_o roll_n viz._n the_o 23_o d_o of_o edward_n i._n where_o in_o this_o clause_n of_o praemunâ—entes_fw-la clerum_fw-la be_v particular_o express_v 155._o which_o pray_v read_v from_o your_o drs._n answer_n to_o mr._n p._n praemunientes_fw-la priorem_fw-la &_o capitulum_n ecclesiae_fw-la vestrae_fw-la archidiaconos_n totumque_fw-la clerum_fw-la vestrae_fw-la diocaesis_n facientes_fw-la quod_fw-la iidem_fw-la prio_fw-la &_o archidiac_n in_o propriis_fw-la personis_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o dictum_fw-la capitulum_n per_fw-la duos_fw-la procuratores_fw-la idoneos_fw-la plenam_fw-la &_o sufficientem_fw-la potestatem_fw-la ab_fw-la ipsis_fw-la capitulis_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la habentes_fw-la una_fw-la vobiscum_fw-la intersint_fw-la modis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la ordinandum_fw-la &_o faciendum_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la coeteris_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la incolis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la qualiter_fw-la sit_fw-la hujusae_fw-la modi_fw-la periculis_fw-la obviandum_fw-la viz._n the_o danger_n in_o the_o writ_n mention_v to_o be_v threaten_v from_o france_n and_o that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o first_o time_n this_o clause_n of_o praemunientes_fw-la be_v insert_v in_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o bishop_n may_v be_v easy_o prove_v have_v we_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n before_o the_o 23_o d_o of_o edward_n i._o as_o well_o as_o since_o but_o we_o may_v hence_o observe_v that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v not_o only_o summon_v to_o treat_v with_o the_o prelate_n but_o be_v as_o well_o as_o they_o here_o authorise_v to_o treat_v ordain_v and_o act_n with_o they_o and_o the_o lord_n and_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o so_o your_o dr._n himself_o here_o in_o the_o margin_n translate_v aliis_fw-la incolis_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o how_o they_o can_v thus_o consult_v and_o act_n with_o they_o if_o they_o have_v not_o beeâ—_n then_o as_o well_o as_o the_o prelate_n a_o part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o confess_v surpass_v my_o capacity_n to_o understand_v nor_o be_v this_o clause_n find_v in_o this_o writ_n alone_o but_o be_v also_o in_o most_o other_o writ_n of_o the_o bishop_n summons_n to_o parliament_n as_o low_a as_o our_o own_o time_n and_o that_o these_o writ_n be_v not_o to_o convocation_n but_o parliament_n 120._o appear_v in_o pryn_n parliament_n register_n plain_o by_o the_o letter_n of_o procuration_n make_v by_o the_o prior_n and_o chapter_n of_o bath_n to_o william_n swynham_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr merston_n appoint_v they_o to_o appear_v and_o act_n for_o they_o as_o their_o lawful_a procurator_n in_o the_o parliament_n summon_v ann._n dom._n 1299._o be_v the_o 27_o the_o of_o edward_n i._n which_o be_v of_o a_o different_a form_n from_o another_o letter_n of_o procuration_n of_o the_o same_o prior_n and_o chapter_n ann._n dom._n 1295._o 231._o edward_n i._o to_o their_o procurator_n therein_o name_v to_o act_v for_o they_o in_o the_o convocation_n then_o summon_v at_o westminster_n the_o same_o difference_n be_v also_o observe_v in_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o convocation_n different_a from_o those_o whereby_o the_o same_o person_n be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n the_o former_a be_v direct_v only_o to_o the_o two_o archbishop_n or_o their_o vicar_n general_n to_o summon_v all_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n and_o clergy_n of_o their_o respective_a province_n without_o any_o particular_a writ_n issue_v to_o any_o other_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n or_o clergyman_n as_o in_o summons_n to_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n wherein_o there_o be_v common_o particular_a order_n to_o the_o bishop_n to_o warn_v all_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n in_o the_o manner_n but_o now_o mention_v as_o mr._n pryn_n very_o well_o observe_v dorso_n in_o his_o first_o part_n of_o his_o say_a parliamentary_a register_n where_o you_o may_v see_v there_o be_v a_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n of_o the_o 31_o sy_n edward_n 3_o d_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n recite_v that_o he_o intend_v a_o parliament_n for_o divers_a arduous_a and_o urgent_a business_n concern_v himself_o and_o crown_n and_o the_o necessary_a defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o church_n of_o england_n and_o then_o proceed_v thus_o et_fw-la quia_fw-la negotia_fw-la praedicta_fw-la perquam_fw-la ardua_fw-la sine_fw-la maxima_fw-la deliberatione_n tam_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la &_o cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o communitatis_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o it_o behove_v he_o to_o summon_v the_o say_a clergy_n great_a man_n and_o commons_o and_o then_o require_v he_o to_o summon_v all_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o dean_n and_o prior_n and_o archdeacon_n to_o appear_v personal_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o clergy_n by_o two_o procurator_n with_o full_a power_n ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la &_o consulendum_fw-la super_fw-la praemissis_fw-la una_fw-la vobiscum_fw-la ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la illis_fw-la quae_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la super_fw-la dictis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la divina_fw-la savente_fw-la clementia_n contigerit_fw-la ordinari_fw-la m._n but_o what_o can_v you_o say_v to_o their_o be_v omit_v to_o be_v summon_v in_o divers_a writ_n to_o parliament_n as_o appear_v in_o pryn_n register_v you_o now_o cite_v and_o from_o whence_o himself_n have_v there_o make_v this_o observation_n 107._o that_o there_o be_v no_o clause_n of_o praemunientes_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o any_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o council_n of_o state_n but_o only_o to_o parliament_n and_o that_o not_o always_o but_o at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n which_o show_v plain_o that_o though_o they_o be_v sometime_o summon_v as_o a_o part_n yet_o be_v certain_o no_o essential_a constituent_a part_n of_o this_o general_a council_n since_o they_o be_v omit_v in_o so_o many_o of_o they_o
downright_a treason_n to_o resist_v they_o and_o if_o this_o be_v so_o the_o last_o difficulty_n will_v be_v easy_o answer_v viz._n by_o what_o authority_n or_o commission_n the_o people_n may_v make_v this_o general_a resistance_n to_o this_o i_o say_v that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n all_o commission_n grant_v to_o person_n uncapable_a by_o law_n to_o take_v they_o or_o for_o illegal_a purpose_n be_v to_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v issue_v contrary_a to_o the_o king_n will_v and_o knowledge_n and_o therefore_o be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o void_a in_o law_n and_o consequent_o the_o person_n not_o to_o be_v commission_v at_o all_o and_o so_o may_v be_v resist_v by_o the_o king_n legal_a officer_n all_o over_o england_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v but_o if_o once_o the_o king_n shall_v countenance_v and_o abett_n such_o robber_n by_o his_o own_o personal_a presence_n this_o resistance_n may_v then_o be_v make_v and_o justify_v by_o the_o whole_a nation_n not_o by_o the_o king_n authority_n against_o his_o person_n but_o by_o another_o high_a and_o precedent_a right_n viz._n the_o right_n of_o self-defence_n and_o the_o common-safety_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n which_o the_o people_n must_v have_v reserve_v to_o themselves_o at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n or_o else_o all_o monarchy_n will_v be_v alike_o and_o there_o will_v be_v no_o difference_n at_o all_o between_o absolute_a and_o limit_a kingdom_n m._n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o about_o other_o kingdom_n but_o this_o much_o i_o firm_o believe_v that_o our_o king_n be_v absolute_a monarch_n notwithstanding_o they_o have_v limit_v themselves_o by_o law_n to_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o administration_n of_o these_o grand_a essential_o of_o government_n the_o make_n of_o law_n and_o raise_v of_o money_n so_o that_o since_o the_o supremacy_n of_o the_o government_n be_v still_o in_o themselves_o as_o god_n vicegerent_n here_o on_o earth_n and_o not_o as_o the_o people_n deputy_n i_o can_v but_o still_o understand_v this_o oath_n in_o the_o strict_a literal_a sense_n in_o which_o i_o be_o confident_a this_o parliament_n mean_v it_o and_o therefore_o since_o they_o have_v express_o declare_v the_o law_n to_o be_v so_o i_o will_v not_o be_v wise_a than_o the_o law_n especial_o since_o it_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o scripture_n and_o the_o know_a doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n that_o the_o king_n person_n be_v not_o only_o unaccountable_a but_o irresistible_a too_o upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o and_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o show_v you_o that_o it_o be_v much_o better_a for_o this_o nation_n or_o any_o other_o of_o a_o like_a constitution_n to_o suffer_v the_o worst_a that_o may_v happen_v from_o the_o ill_a government_n nay_o tyranny_n of_o our_o king_n than_o to_o involve_v themselves_o in_o blood_n and_o confusion_n by_o rebellion_n and_o civil_a war_n as_o often_o as_o the_o people_n shall_v judge_v 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the_o scripture_n say_v nor_o yet_o the_o church_n of_o england_n the_o former_a have_v not_o and_o the_o latter_a can_v determine_v what_o be_v the_o legal_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n in_o this_o nation_n and_o where_o the_o supreme_a power_n reside_v and_o therefore_o suppose_v it_o to_o have_v be_v the_o intent_n of_o this_o parliament_n never_o so_o much_o to_o bar_v all_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n person_n in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o yet_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v not_o in_o their_o power_n to_o do_v thing_n absolute_o inconsistent_a and_o contradictory_n in_o themselves_o as_o they_o must_v have_v do_v have_v they_o make_v the_o person_n of_o all_o officer_n however_o commission_v by_o the_o king_n absolute_o irresistible_a and_o much_o more_o if_o they_o have_v induce_v the_o king_n presence_n with_o a_o absolute_a power_n for_o they_o to_o commit_v the_o most_o violent_a and_o illegal_a action_n and_o yet_o have_v suppose_v they_o have_v thereby_o alter_v nothing_o in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n though_o they_o have_v render_v it_o instead_o of_o a_o limited_a a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n which_o as_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v it_o be_v in_o their_o will_n so_o neither_o be_v it_o in_o their_o power_n to_o grant_v if_o they_o will_v and_o therefore_o as_o i_o do_v not_o desire_v to_o be_v wise_a than_o the_o law_n so_o i_o can_v allow_v this_o to_o be_v any_o law_n at_o all_o in_o the_o sense_n you_o will_v put_v upon_o it_o so_o that_o make_v the_o most_o of_o it_o this_o be_v but_o the_o unwary_a declaration_n of_o a_o parliament_n of_o very_o young_a man_n not_o long_o after_o the_o king_n be_v come_v in_o who_o through_o the_o great_a abhorrence_n they_o have_v of_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n raise_v by_o the_o parliament_n under_o colour_n of_o the_o king_n authority_n be_v draw_v in_o before_o they_o be_v aware_a to_o be_v a_o little_a too_o free_a in_o their_o expression_n not_o consider_v the_o 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nation_n as_o it_o be_v then_o the_o design_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o court-party_n to_o have_v do_v which_o vigorous_a opposition_n though_o in_o the_o small_a number_n yet_o meet_v with_o such_o good_a success_n that_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n can_v not_o then_o carry_v it_o and_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v afterward_o so_o much_o open_v that_o the_o king_n dare_v never_o offer_v this_o test_n any_o more_o to_o either_o of_o the_o two_o house_n so_o that_o if_o you_o will_v but_o consider_v this_o matter_n of_o fact_n how_o this_o test_n be_v first_o obtain_v and_o how_o afterward_o when_o it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v intend_v to_o set_v up_o arbitrary_a power_n be_v also_o as_o vigorous_o oppose_v by_o they_o and_o their_o be_v sensible_a that_o the_o parliament_n have_v go_v too_o far_o already_o in_o do_v what_o they_o have_v do_v i_o think_v none_o can_v take_v this_o oath_n in_o your_o sense_n except_o those_o clergyman_n who_o will_v allow_v none_o to_o be_v of_o their_o church_n but_o those_o who_o be_v for_o this_o passive_a obedience_n according_a to_o their_o prejudicate_a notion_n of_o loyalty_n or_o else_o some_o few_o mercenary_a lawyer_n who_o in_o hope_n of_o preferment_n which_o they_o can_v never_o otherwise_o obtain_v will_v interpret_v this_o oath_n in_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o shall_v make_v we_o all_o papist_n and_o slave_n too_o whenever_o the_o king_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o now_o which_o of_o these_o extreme_n be_v worst_a that_o the_o people_n shall_v judge_v for_o themselves_o though_o perhaps_o erroneous_o when_o the_o king_n or_o those_o act_n by_o his_o illegal_a commission_n shall_v violent_o assault_v they_o in_o their_o religion_n life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n that_o thereupon_o they_o make_v resistance_n with_o one_o consent_n when_o they_o find_v themselves_o bring_v to_o this_o
svo_fw-la alios_fw-la prohibere_fw-la necesse_fw-la habet_fw-la id_fw-la ipsum_fw-la in_o propria_fw-la persona_fw-la committere_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la so_o that_o it_o be_v as_o plain_a that_o if_o he_o either_o command_n or_o permit_v these_o wilful_a injury_n general_o or_o all_o over_o his_o kingdom_n he_o fail_v to_o defend_v it_o according_a to_o k._n edward_n law_n and_o if_o he_o thus_o fail_v to_o defend_v it_o he_o thereupon_o lose_v or_o forfeit_v his_o very_a title_n or_o office_n of_o a_o king_n since_o he_o can_v keep_v or_o hold_v his_o crown_n or_o royal_a dignity_n for_o without_o justice_n it_o can_v subsist_v and_o this_o by_o the_o original_a contract_n since_o upon_o whatever_o term_n the_o first_o king_n of_o this_o race_n take_v the_o crown_n upon_o the_o same_o term_n all_o his_o posterity_n who_o succeed_v either_o by_o election_n or_o right_n of_o blood_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o first_o compact_n be_v to_o hold_v it_o under_o the_o like_a penalty_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n in_o case_n of_o a_o wilful_a neglect_n or_o violation_n of_o his_o duty_n m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v make_v a_o specious_a proof_n of_o this_o original_a contract_n you_o so_o much_o talk_v of_o and_o more_o than_o ever_o i_o think_v can_v have_v be_v say_v for_o it_o but_o let_v it_o be_v what_o it_o will_v it_o be_v certain_a in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o whatever_o coâ—ercive_a power_n the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n may_v pretend_v to_o when_o bracton_n write_v they_o have_v solemn_o renounce_v it_o in_o two_o successive_a parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n charles_n the_o ii_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v any_o long_o upon_o old_a antiquate_a law_n or_o original_a contract_n which_o be_v not_o direct_o express_v but_o consequential_o deduce_v at_o best_a but_o i_o must_v now_o tell_v you_o that_o let_v the_o first_o institution_n of_o this_o government_n have_v be_v what_o it_o will_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o what_o original_a contract_n soever_o you_o may_v please_v to_o fancy_v between_o they_o and_o their_o subject_n yet_o this_o be_v all_o go_v and_o out_o of_o door_n by_o that_o absolute_a conquest_n which_o k._n william_n i._o make_v of_o this_o kingdom_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n who_o do_v not_o at_o all_o claim_n under_o the_o title_n of_o our_o english_a king_n for_o since_o their_o ancestor_n have_v no_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o by_o the_o sword_n and_o that_o he_o gain_v this_o kingdom_n by_o the_o conquest_n of_o k._n harold_n and_o the_o people_n of_o england_n who_o have_v elect_v he_o and_o fight_v for_o he_o as_o also_o by_o the_o subsequent_a recognition_n of_o this_o right_n by_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n in_o their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n so_o often_o repeat_v to_o himself_o and_o his_o successor_n have_v thereby_o acknowledge_v it_o to_o be_v as_o absolute_a a_o monarchy_n by_o conquest_n as_o ever_o be_v institute_v by_o any_o prince_n in_o the_o world_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o several_a of_o the_o conqueror_n have_v be_v gracious_o please_v to_o grant_v divers_a privilege_n to_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n and_o some_o of_o they_o perhaps_o the_o same_o they_o enjoy_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n yet_o can_v they_o not_o enjoy_v it_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o original_a contract_n you_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v make_v between_o the_o first_o king_n of_o that_o saxon_a race_n and_o the_o people_n of_o england_n for_o as_o i_o say_v but_o now_o k._n william_n have_v no_o right_n by_o any_o title_n from_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n but_o whole_o by_o his_o sword_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v by_o and_o by_o but_o however_o these_o concession_n ought_v not_o at_o all_o to_o derogate_v from_o the_o absoluteness_n of_o the_o power_n or_o the_o indefensibleness_n of_o our_o king_n title_n for_o since_o these_o limitation_n of_o absolute_a or_o imperial_a power_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o any_o other_o original_a than_o the_o free_a &_o voluntary_a concession_n of_o our_o â—_z &_o not_o from_o any_o compact_n with_o their_o people_n they_o do_v not_o at_o all_o derogate_a from_o the_o uncontrollable_a and_o unancountable_a sovereignty_n thereof_o 211._o so_o that_o we_o may_v very_o well_o distinguish_v between_o the_o be_v and_o essence_n of_o imperial_a or_o sovereign_a power_n and_o the_o exercise_n or_o emanation_n thereof_o as_o to_o the_o be_v and_o essence_n of_o it_o it_o be_v in_o as_o full_a perfection_n in_o the_o limit_a as_o in_o the_o arbitrary_a sovereign_n though_o the_o law_n confine_n and_o limit_n he_o in_o the_o exercise_n thereof_o but_o to_o be_v confine_v in_o the_o exercise_n do_v not_o destroy_v the_o be_v nor_o diminish_v the_o perfection_n of_o sovereign_a power_n for_o then_o the_o power_n of_o god_n himself_o can_v not_o be_v sovereign_a because_o there_o be_v certain_a immutable_a rule_n of_o truth_n and_o justice_n within_o which_o it_o be_v necessary_o limit_v and_o confine_v but_o god_n be_v nevertheless_o a_o perfect_a imperial_a sovereign_n over_o the_o universe_n though_o the_o exercise_n of_o his_o government_n over_o his_o creature_n be_v limit_v by_o the_o eternal_a law_n of_o truth_n and_o equity_n it_o be_v true_a that_o this_o limitation_n of_o almighty_a god_n be_v intriasical_a and_o proceed_v from_o the_o perfection_n of_o his_o righteous_a and_o holy_a nature_n but_o yet_o it_o show_v that_o the_o most_o perfect_a and_o absolute_a imperial_a powe_n may_v without_o a_o contradiction_n be_v confine_v within_o bound_n and_o limit_v in_o the_o actual_a exercise_n thereof_o and_o that_o such_o limitation_n of_o absolute_a imperial_a power_n proceed_v whole_o from_o itself_o do_v only_o qualify_v and_o temper_n but_o not_o destroy_v the_o essence_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o cook_n in_o cawdrey_n case_n say_v that_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n england_n be_v a_o absolute_a empire_n and_o monarchy_n and_o that_o the_o king_n be_v furnish_v with_o plenary_a and_o entire_a power_n prerogative_n and_o jurisdiction_n and_o be_v supreme_a governor_n over_o all_o person_n within_o this_o realm_n therefore_o whoever_o will_v consider_v the_o original_a of_o this_o limitation_n of_o sovereign_a power_n to_o have_v proceed_v whole_o ab_fw-la intrinsico_fw-la from_o the_o voluntary_a grant_n of_o our_o first_o monarch_n after_o the_o conquest_n and_o will_v also_o distinguish_v the_o essence_n from_o the_o exercise_n of_o sovereign_a power_n will_v find_v there_o be_v no_o contradiction_n between_o the_o fullness_n of_o sovereign_a power_n in_o the_o root_n ibid._n or_o essence_n of_o it_o and_o a_o legal_a limitation_n of_o the_o use_n and_o exercise_v thereof_o and_o from_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n though_o he_o be_v thus_o limit_v in_o the_o use_n and_o exercise_v of_o his_o power_n yet_o he_o be_v still_o as_o much_o the_o fountain_n of_o all_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n within_o his_o dominion_n as_o if_o he_o be_v arbitrary_a he_o have_v none_o to_o share_v with_o he_o in_o the_o sovereignty_n but_o all_o power_n and_o authority_n be_v derive_v from_o he_o like_o light_n from_o the_o sun_n in_o he_o alone_o it_o be_v radical_o and_o original_o place_v he_o have_v no_o sharer_n or_o copartner_n with_o he_o in_o the_o sovereignty_n none_o coordinate_a with_o he_o in_o the_o government_n no_o equal_a 8._o no_o superior_a but_o only_o god_n to_o who_o alone_o he_o be_v subject_a hence_o say_v bracton_n omnis_fw-la quidem_fw-la sub_fw-la to_o &_o ipse_fw-la sub_fw-la nullo_n sed_fw-la tantum_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la inferior_a sibi_fw-la subjectis_fw-la non_fw-la parem_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la svo_fw-la and_o afterward_o ipsâ—_fw-la autem_fw-la rex_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la sub_fw-la homine_fw-la sed_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la therefore_o i_o grant_v the_o king_n be_v oblige_v by_o his_o coronation_n oath_n to_o keep_v to_o these_o limitation_n which_o both_o he_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v swear_v to_o yet_o if_o he_o any_o way_n faâ—l_v in_o the_o performance_n of_o iâ—_n this_o failure_n can_v give_v his_o people_n any_o manner_n of_o right_a to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o and_o to_o resist_v he_o in_o any_o such_o case_n much_o less_o can_v it_o cause_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o royal_a power_n since_o be_v at_o first_o the_o sole_a sovereign_a power_n he_o do_v not_o by_o put_v this_o limitation_n thereunto_o intend_v to_o part_v with_o any_o share_n of_o it_o to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o parliament_n but_o only_o to_o take_v they_o into_o a_o part_n of_o the_o care_n and_o trouble_v of_o the_o government_n and_o to_o limit_v his_o prerogative_n power_n from_o pass_v any_o law_n or_o raise_v any_o money_n without_o their_o assent_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o great_a necessity_n and_o than_o if_o he_o be_v still_o judge_n
appear_v by_o the_o title_n to_o the_o latin_a custom_n of_o normandy_n which_o be_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o old_a french_a edition_n of_o the_o constumiers_fw-fr de_fw-fr normandy_n print_v at_o râ—aâ—_n 1515._o the_o title_n of_o which_o be_v thuâ—_n jura_n &_o consuetudines_fw-la ducatus_fw-la noâ—maniae_fw-la the_o prologue_n to_o which_o begin_v thus_o quoniam_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o instituta_fw-la quae_fw-la normanorum_n principes_fw-la non_fw-la sint_fw-la magna_fw-la provisionis_fw-la industria_n praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n nec_fw-la non_fw-la &_o caeterorum_fw-la virorum_fw-la prudentum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la ad_fw-la salutem_fw-la humani_fw-la foederis_fw-la statuerunt_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o normandy_n be_v make_v by_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o that_o humane_a covenant_n they_o have_v former_o make_v with_o their_o first_o duke_n rollo_n when_o he_o have_v that_o duchy_n grant_v he_o by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o whoever_o will_v consult_v the_o ancient_a history_n and_o law_n of_o that_o duchy_n will_v find_v theâ—â—_n duke_n of_o normandy_n no_o more_o absolute_a monarch_n there_o than_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v so_o that_o if_o their_o duke_n shall_v have_v go_v about_o to_o take_v away_o their_o estate_n or_o enslave_v the_o person_n of_o the_o norman_a nobility_n and_o people_n he_o may_v just_o have_v be_v resist_v by_o they_o and_o therefore_o their_o take_a land_n from_o k._n william_n after_o his_o pretend_a conquest_n here_o must_v either_o have_v confer_v a_o estate_n upon_o they_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n or_o normandy_n not_o according_a to_o the_o former_a for_o you_o assert_v that_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o knight_n service_n be_v general_o introduce_v by_o his_o come_n so_o that_o if_o they_o be_v by_o the_o norman_n law_n as_o you_o suppose_v they_o be_v then_o no_o far_o subject_n to_o their_o duke_n by_o that_o tenure_n when_o make_v king_n of_o england_n than_o they_o be_v whilst_o he_o be_v duke_n of_o normandy_n viz._n only_o according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n by_o which_o they_o hold_v these_o estate_n so_o that_o if_o their_o duke_n be_v not_o irresistible_a by_o they_o in_o case_n of_o tyranny_n in_o his_o own_o country_n so_o he_o be_v also_o here_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n since_o whatever_o he_o do_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o english_a he_o can_v acquire_v no_o new_a right_n over_o they_o and_o that_o a_o oath_n of_o homage_n alone_o do_v not_o make_v the_o person_n to_o who_o it_o be_v take_v irresistible_a if_o he_o make_v a_o unjust_a war_n upon_o his_o vassal_n appear_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n themselves_o who_o though_o they_o hold_v that_o duchy_n by_o homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o take_v the_o same_o oath_n to_o he_o upon_o every_o king_n accession_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o be_v his_o liegeman_n and_o to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o his_o lord_n the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o the_o say_a duchy_n of_o normandy_n yet_o may_v the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n without_o any_o imputation_n of_o rebellion_n have_v resist_v the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o case_n he_o make_v a_o unjust_a war_n upon_o they_o nor_o be_v ever_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n accuse_v of_o rebellion_n for_o so_o do_v in_o all_o the_o war_n that_o they_o have_v with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o therefore_o the_o hold_v of_o a_o estate_n by_o homage_n do_v not_o suppose_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o it_o be_v hold_v be_v irresistible_a nor_o do_v the_o word_n of_o allegiance_n signify_v any_o more_o than_o that_o duty_n which_o the_o liegeman_n by_o the_o old_a norman_a law_n owe_v to_o their_o supreme_a lord_n of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o king_n or_o supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o fee_n do_v not_o perform_v his_o part_n of_o the_o contract_n but_o go_v about_o to_o turn_v they_o out_o of_o their_o estate_n or_o to_o invade_v any_o of_o their_o just_a right_n by_o force_n it_o be_v usual_a for_o the_o tenant_n to_o defy_v the_o lord_n and_o renounce_v their_o homage_n to_o they_o 388._o for_o which_o they_o use_v the_o barbarous_a latin_a word_n diffidare_fw-la in_o french_a to_o defy_v that_o be_v to_o renounce_v that_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n which_o before_o they_o owe_v they_o and_o the_o supreme_a lord_n also_o oftentimes_o defy_v their_o tenant_n thus_o mat._n paris_n tell_v in_o anno_fw-la 1233._o that_o k._n henry_n the_o three_o by_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n defy_v richard_n the_o earl_n marshal_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v we_o find_v the_o earl_n justify_v himself_o in_o this_o manner_n 398._o be_v then_o in_o ireland_n first_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o never_o act_v treasonable_o against_o the_o king_n for_o he_o have_v unjust_o spoil_v i_o of_o my_o office_n of_o marshal_n without_o the_o judgement_n of_o my_o peer_n and_o have_v proclaim_v i_o banish_v through_o all_o england_n he_o have_v burn_v my_o house_n destroy_v my_o land_n etc._n etc._n he_o have_v more_o than_o once_o defy_v i_o when_o i_o be_v always_o ready_a to_o stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o my_o peer_n from_o which_o time_n say_v he_o i_o cease_v to_o be_v the_o king_n liegeman_n and_o be_v absolve_v from_o his_o homage_n not_o by_o myself_o but_o by_o he_o and_o whereas_o you_o say_v that_o though_o the_o king_n or_o supreme_a lord_n can_v forfeit_v his_o right_n though_o he_o break_v his_o part_n of_o the_o compact_a because_o of_o the_o inequality_n which_o there_o be_v between_o a_o king_n and_o a_o subject_a then_o this_o prerogative_n of_o nonresistance_n do_v not_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o land_n but_o as_o he_o be_v king_n and_o giveth_z law_n to_o the_o subject_n which_o may_v have_v some_o colour_n of_o truth_n in_o absolute_a monarchy_n but_o be_v of_o no_o force_n either_o in_o the_o government_n of_o normandy_n or_o england_n where_o the_o duke_n or_o king_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o estate_n never_o can_v alone_o make_v law_n but_o as_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v our_o government_n to_o be_v a_o monarchy_n so_o it_o be_v as_o certain_a that_o it_o be_v limit_v in_o the_o very_a constitution_n either_o by_o the_o saxon_n or_o norman_n begin_v where_o you_o please_v and_o therefore_o my_o conclusion_n still_o hold_v good_a that_o if_o the_o english_a have_v now_o succeed_v to_o those_o very_a land_n and_o privilege_n which_o the_o norman_n ancient_o enjoy_v than_o whatsoever_o right_o or_o liberty_n the_o english_a proprietor_n of_o estate_n do_v at_o this_o day_n enjoy_v they_o do_v not_o only_o hold_v they_o as_o the_o successor_n and_o descendant_n of_o those_o norman_n and_o frenchman_n but_o be_v also_o restore_v to_o they_o jure_fw-la postliminii_fw-la as_o you_o civilian_n term_v it_o since_o they_o never_o submit_v themselves_o or_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o king_n william_n and_o his_o heir_n but_o only_o to_o himself_o personal_o there_o be_v no_o such_o clause_n in_o any_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n till_o it_o be_v so_o ordain_v many_o age_n after_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o four_o nor_o be_v this_o oath_n ever_o take_v by_o our_o english_a ancestor_n to_o k._n william_n as_o to_o a_o conqueror_n but_o the_o lawful_a successor_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o k._n william_n actual_a take_v away_o the_o estate_n of_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n contrary_a to_o his_o own_o oath_n and_o without_o any_o just_a oâ—use_n can_v no_o more_o give_v he_o a_o right_a so_o to_o do_v than_o if_o henry_n the_o four_o or_o henry_n the_o seven_o both_o which_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o foreign_a force_n shall_v upon_o a_o pretence_n of_o be_v conqueror_n have_v govern_v by_o a_o army_n and_o so_o have_v take_v away_o who_o estate_n they_o please_v and_o give_v they_o to_o their_o follower_n that_o come_v over_o with_o they_o m._n i_o shall_v not_o dispute_v this_o matter_n with_o you_o any_o further_a therefore_o pray_v proceed_v to_o the_o other_o point_v you_o take_v upon_o you_o to_o prove_v that_o king_n william_n do_v not_o take_v away_o so_o great_a a_o share_n of_o the_o land_n of_o england_n as_o the_o dr._n and_o those_o of_o our_o opinion_n affirm_v f._n i_o shall_v observe_v your_o command_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o according_a to_o the_o doctor_n own_o show_v your_o conqueror_n never_o take_v away_o the_o land_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n of_o england_n much_o less_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o dean_n and_o chapter_n or_o
nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n who_o hold_v land_n in_o divers_a county_n of_o england_n at_o the_o time_n when_o that_o survey_n be_v make_v and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o since_o so_o short_a a_o conversation_n as_o we_o will_v not_o permit_v i_o to_o run_v into_o a_o long_a bead-roll_n of_o name_n i_o refer_v you_o to_o what_o the_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a mr._n atwood_n in_o his_o ius_n anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antiqua_fw-la 92._o have_v observe_v out_o of_o doomsday_n book_n upon_o this_o subject_n where_o though_o he_o have_v not_o only_o go_v through_o but_o go_v over_o fifteen_o county_n of_o thirty_o that_o be_v survey_v in_o that_o book_n yet_o it_o will_v thereby_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o your_o dr._n be_v much_o mistake_v when_o he_o so_o positive_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v few_o or_o no_o englishman_n that_o hold_v land_n in_o england_n but_o to_o give_v you_o a_o taste_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v run_v through_o as_o many_o county_n as_o mr._n atwood_n have_v 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qui_fw-la residui_fw-la grant_v these_o be_v only_o the_o antiqui_fw-la
tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o also_o those_o aid_n they_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n they_o hold_v of_o towards_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n be_v in_o use_n in_o england_n before_o the_o conqueror_n come_v over_o but_o to_o observe_v your_o command_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o show_v that_o by_o the_o conquest_n the_o english_a for_o a_o time_n lose_v all_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o privilege_n till_o they_o again_o obtain_v they_o either_o by_o their_o mix_n with_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o all_o distinction_n between_o they_o and_o the_o english_a be_v take_v away_o or_o else_o they_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o first_o k._n john_n and_o k._n henry_n the_o three_o i_o shall_v therefore_o divide_v the_o privilege_n of_o englishman_n into_o these_o three_o head_n first_o either_o such_o as_o concern_v their_o office_n or_o dignity_n or_o second_o such_o as_o concern_v their_o estate_n or_o last_o such_o as_o concern_v the_o trial_n for_o their_o life_n in_o every_o one_o of_o which_o if_o i_o can_v prove_v the_o english_a native_n as_o well_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n suffer_v confideracie_n lesses_z and_o abridgement_n of_o their_o ancient_a 〈…〉_z liberty_n which_o they_o former_o enjoy_v i_o think_v i_o shall_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o point_n in_o hand_n as_o to_o the_o first_o head_n ingâ—ph_n telâ—s_v we_o that_o the_o english_a be_v so_o hate_v by_o the_o norman_n in_o his_o time_n oxon._n that_o how_o well_o soever_o they_o deserve_v they_o be_v drive_v from_o their_o dignity_n and_o stranger_n though_o much_o less_o fit_a of_o any_o nation_n under_o heaven_n be_v take_v in_o their_o place_n 93._o and_o malmesbury_n who_o live_v and_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o say_v that_o england_n be_v then_o become_v the_o habitation_n of_o foreigner_n and_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o stranger_n and_o that_o there_o be_v at_o that_o day_n no_o englishman_n a_o earl_n bishop_n or_o abbot_n but_o that_o stranger_n devour_v the_o riches_n and_o gnaw_v the_o bowel_n of_o england_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o hope_n of_o end_v this_o misery_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o be_v now_o total_o deprive_v of_o all_o office_n and_o dignity_n in_o the_o common_a weal_n and_o consequent_o can_v have_v then_o no_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n the_o parliament_n of_o the_o nation_n both_o for_o the_o raise_n of_o tax_n and_o the_o make_n of_o law_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v mr._n petyt_n and_o yourself_o suppose_v you_o find_v a_o clause_n in_o the_o conqueror_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 36._o whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o this_o kingdom_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n well_o and_o in_o peace_n free_a from_o all_o unjust_a exaction_n and_o taillage_n so_o as_o nothing_o be_v exact_v or_o take_v unless_o their_o free-service_n which_o of_o right_n they_o ought_v and_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v to_o we_o and_o as_o it_o be_v appoint_v to_o they_o and_o give_v and_o grant_v to_o they_o by_o we_o as_o a_o perpetual_a right_n of_o inheritance_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o common_a council_n will_v not_o help_v you_o for_o without_o doubt_n here_o be_v no_o englishman_n in_o it_o for_o certain_o they_o will_v not_o grant_v away_o their_o own_o land_n to_o stranger_n these_o be_v the_o saxon_a land_n which_o william_n have_v give_v in_o fee_n to_o his_o soldier_n to_o hold_v they_o under_o such_o service_n as_o he_o have_v appoint_v they_o and_o that_o by_o right_a of_o succession_n or_o inheritance_n we_o will_v now_o come_v to_o the_o second_o point_n viz._n the_o privilege_n the_o englishman_n lose_v as_o to_o their_o estate_n for_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n you_o affirm_v the_o k._n can_v nor_o make_v law_n nor_o raise_v tax_n without_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v certain_a k._n william_n and_o his_o immediate_a successor_n do_v by_o their_o sole_a authority_n exercise_v both_o these_o prerogative_n as_o for_o his_o legislative_a power_n it_o appear_v from_o the_o word_n of_o his_o coronation_n oath_n as_o you_o yourself_o have_v repeat_v it_o out_o of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o roger_n hoveden_n the_o conclusion_n of_o which_o oath_n be_v se_fw-la velle_fw-la reâ—â—am_fw-la legem_fw-la statuere_fw-la &_o tenere_fw-la rapinas_fw-la injustaque_fw-la judicia_fw-la penitus_fw-la interdicire_fw-la now_o the_o legislative_a power_n be_v then_o lodge_v in_o he_o why_o else_o do_v he_o swear_v to_o appoint_v right_a law_n for_o if_o the_o constitution_n have_v be_v settle_v as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a the_o parliament_n can_v have_v hinder_v he_o from_o make_v any_o other_o and_o that_o he_o can_v do_v so_o appear_v by_o that_o yoke_n of_o servitude_n 7._o which_o matthew_n paris_n as_o well_o as_o other_o author_n tell_v we_o k._n william_n by_o his_o own_o authority_n impose_v upon_o the_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n in_o england_n which_o hold_v barony_n which_o they_o have_v hitherto_o enjoy_v free_a from_o all_o secular_a servitude_n he_o now_o say_v he_o put_v under_o military_a service_n sess_v all_o those_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n how_o many_o knight_n or_o soldier_n each_o of_o they_o shall_v find_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n and_o put_v the_o roll_n of_o this_o ecclesiastical_a service_n in_o his_o treasury_n he_o cause_v to_o fly_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n many_o ecclesiastic_n who_o oppose_v this_o wicked_a constitution_n now_o if_o he_o can_v do_v this_o upon_o so_o powerful_a a_o body_n as_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v at_o this_o time_n he_o may_v certain_o as_o well_o raise_v what_o tax_n he_o please_v upon_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n tell_v we_o that_o k._n william_n upon_o his_o return_n out_o of_o normandy_n into_o england_n anglis_fw-la importabile_fw-la tributum_fw-la imposuit_fw-la lib._n 3._o p._n 278._o and_o that_o his_o son_n william_n rufus_n impose_v what_o tax_n he_o will_v upon_o the_o people_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o parliament_n appear_v by_o that_o passage_n of_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n which_o he_o relate_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o k._n as_o also_o in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la pontificâ—m_fw-la concern_v ranulâ—_n who_o from_o a_o very_a mean_a clerk_n he_o make_v bishop_n of_o duâ—ham_n and_o lord_n treasurer_n the_o rest_n i_o will_v give_v you_o in_o latin_a isle_n siquando_fw-la edictum_fw-la regium_fw-la processisset_fw-la ut_fw-la nominatum_fw-la tributum_fw-la anglia_fw-it penderet_fw-la duplum_fw-la adjiciâ—bat_fw-la subinde_fw-la idente_fw-la rege_fw-la ac_fw-la dicente_fw-la solum_fw-la esse_fw-la hominem_fw-la qui_fw-la sciret_fw-la sic_fw-la agitare_fw-la ingenium_fw-la nec_fw-la aliorum_fw-la curares_fw-la odium_fw-la dummodo_fw-la complaceret_fw-la dominum_fw-la so_o that_o you_o may_v here_o see_v that_o the_o king_n edict_n or_o proclamation_n do_v not_o only_o impose_v the_o tax_n at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o his_o treasurer_n can_v double_v it_o when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o without_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o and_o this_o prerogative_n be_v exercise_v by_o divers_a of_o his_o successor_n till_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagiâ—_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la be_v make_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o last_o head_n concern_v the_o alteration_n of_o trial_n for_o man_n life_n and_o estate_n by_o the_o conqueror_n from_o what_o they_o be_v before_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n there_o be_v no_o other_o trial_n for_o man_n life_n but_o by_o juries_n or_o else_o by_o fire_n or_o water_n ordeal_o which_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o 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and_o the_o rate_n set_v upon_o
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notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v allege_v against_o it_o which_o yet_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o you_o say_v before_o that_o duke_n robert_n have_v a_o hereditary_a right_n and_o therefore_o he_o can_v not_o be_v put_v by_o which_o be_v to_o beg_v the_o question_n for_o you_o can_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o he_o have_v this_o right_a either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o law_n of_o england_n or_o the_o law_n of_o normandy_n not_o by_o the_o two_o former_a as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v for_o your_o conqueror_n himself_o be_v a_o bastard_n have_v no_o better_a title_n to_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n than_o his_o father_n last_o will_n before_o he_o go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n which_o be_v not_o good_a without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o that_o duchy_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o historian_n of_o that_o time_n so_o that_o the_o great_a objection_n you_o have_v to_o make_v against_o king_n henry_n be_v elect_v in_o a_o true_a common-council_n of_o 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competebat_fw-la temere_fw-la usurpando_fw-la injustè_fw-fr nimis_fw-la abstulcrat_fw-mi yet_o this_o author_n write_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n iii_o who_o have_v succeed_v his_o father_n by_o a_o pretend_a right_n of_o inheritance_n as_o well_o as_o election_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o he_o who_o write_v near_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o this_o transaction_n shall_v give_v his_o judgement_n in_o this_o matter_n according_a to_o the_o common_a opinion_n and_o prejudice_n of_o that_o age_n and_o must_v certain_o speak_v by_o guess_n for_o how_o can_v he_o otherwise_o affirm_v unless_o he_o have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o that_o king_n thought_n as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o same_o place_n that_o he_o feel_v conscientiam_fw-la svam_fw-la in_o obtentu_fw-la regni_fw-la cauteriatam_fw-la since_o no_o other_o writer_n either_o of_o that_o time_n or_o after_o it_o do_v thus_o blame_v king_n henry_n for_o take_v the_o crown_n but_o as_o for_o the_o 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the_o throne_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v agree_v who_o to_o place_v therein_o m._n as_o to_o what_o you_o have_v say_v in_o defence_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o carry_v less_o show_n of_o reason_n than_o what_o you_o urge_v in_o the_o former_a case_n since_o all_o writer_n agree_v that_o this_o be_v a_o manifest_a usurpation_n in_o stephen_n who_o can_v pretend_v no_o sort_n of_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n himself_o as_o well_o as_o perjury_n in_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o great_a man_n of_o england_n who_o have_v swear_v fealty_n to_o king_n henry_n daughter_n maud_n in_o his_o life-time_n make_v stephen_n earl_n of_o blois_n their_o king_n therefore_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n and_o all_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n do_v accuse_v stephen_n of_o downright_a perjury_n and_o usurpation_n and_o likewise_o relate_v that_o he_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o crown_n through_o the_o power_n of_o the_o londoner_n and_o citizen_n of_o winchester_n but_o yet_o all_o these_o endeavour_n have_v be_v in_o vain_a unless_o he_o have_v be_v assist_v by_o his_o brother_n henry_n bishop_n of_o that_o city_n and_o then_o the_o pope_n legate_n in_o england_n and_o favour_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n who_o crown_v he_o and_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o there_o be_v but_o a_o very_a small_a faction_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n who_o be_v for_o his_o croonation_n for_o w._n malmsbury_n tell_v we_o coronatus_n est_fw-la ergo_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la stephanus_n 178._o tribus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la nullis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la paucissimis_fw-la optimatibus_fw-la and_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o great_a man_n of_o england_n be_v so_o sensible_a of_o this_o that_o be_v head_v by_o robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n the_o empress_n base_a brother_n they_o raise_v a_o war_n against_o stephen_n which_o after_o her_o come_n over_o hither_o be_v
to_o have_v be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o now_o your_o only_a argument_n to_o prove_v this_o be_v that_o king_n richard_n though_o his_o elder_a son_n alive_a be_v only_o call_v duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o never_o king_n of_o england_n till_o after_o his_o coronation_n but_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o matter_n will_v find_v that_o he_o be_v indeed_o own_a for_o king_n of_o england_n before_o his_o pretend_a election_n or_o coronation_n for_o before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n to_o be_v crown_v rocer_n hoveden_n tell_v we_o 373._o that_o every_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o the_o command_n of_o his_o mother_n queen_n elinor_n swear_v quod_fw-la fideni_fw-la portabit_fw-la regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la richardo_n regis_fw-la hen._n filio_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v that_o he_o be_v then_o by_o common_a intendment_n look_v upon_o as_o king_n before_o his_o coronation_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v that_o this_o very_a author_n also_o relate_v that_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v assemble_v at_o london_n by_o who_o council_n and_o assent_v the_o say_a duke_n be_v consecrate_a and_o crown_v king_n of_o england_n and_o though_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n then_o dean_n of_o st._n pawles_n who_o in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o that_o church_n then_o supply_v the_o office_n of_o the_o bishop_n at_o king_n richard_n coronation_n have_v this_o passage_n 647._o comes_fw-la itaque_fw-la pictavorum_n richardus_fw-la hereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la praemovendus_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la post_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la solemnem_fw-la &_o debitam_fw-la electionem_fw-la involutas_fw-la est_fw-la triplici_fw-la sacramento_n etc._n etc._n now_o what_o can_v this_o solemn_a and_o due_a election_n here_o signify_v or_o what_o can_v it_o mean_v far_o than_o that_o richard_n be_v king_n by_o hereditary_a right_n be_v so_o own_v and_o recognize_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n f._n i_o desire_v i_o may_v reply_v to_o this_o before_o you_o proceed_v far_o i_o confess_v what_o you_o say_v about_o the_o empress_n maud_n surrender_n of_o she_o right_o to_o her_o son_n duke_n henry_n will_v be_v considerable_a if_o you_o have_v any_o authority_n from_o our_o ancient_a historian_n to_o support_v it_o but_o since_o you_o have_v not_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o no_o better_a than_o a_o mere_a surmise_n of_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n that_o the_o crown_n be_v then_o enjoy_v by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n without_o any_o consent_n or_o election_n of_o the_o people_n and_o so_o likewise_o be_v your_o other_o fancy_n that_o because_o woman_n be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o uncapable_a to_o govern_v therefore_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n suppose_v they_o have_v sufficient_o perform_v their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o she_o by_o acknowledge_v her_o son_n duke_n henry_n for_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n now_o if_o this_o have_v be_v so_o pray_v tell_v i_o to_o what_o purpose_n king_n henry_n i._o father_n to_o the_o empress_n shall_v have_v make_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o england_n swear_v fealty_n to_o his_o daughter_n if_o a_o woman_n have_v be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o uncapable_a to_o govern_v or_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o clergy_n in_o the_o council_n at_o winchester_n choose_v this_o empress_n as_o the_o king_n daughter_n lady_n both_o of_o england_n and_o normandy_n 106._o as_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n tell_v we_o express_o that_o they_o do_v and_o that_o he_o be_v present_a at_o it_o or_o how_o can_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n believe_v that_o they_o have_v sufficient_o satisfy_v their_o oath_n to_o the_o daughter_n in_o confer_v the_o allegiance_n that_o be_v due_a to_o she_o upon_o her_o son_n i_o be_o sure_a no_o heiress_n of_o the_o crown_n will_v look_v upon_o that_o as_o a_o good_a performance_n of_o their_o oath_n at_o this_o day_n when_o you_o 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that_o consilium_fw-la and_o assensus_fw-la which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o hoveden_n and_o the_o word_n solemnis_fw-la &_o debita_fw-la electio_fw-la ever_o signify_v a_o own_n or_o recognition_n of_o a_o hereditary_a right_n i_o confess_v the_o only_a colour_n you_o have_v for_o your_o interpretation_n of_o those_o word_n in_o hoveden_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v of_o queen_n elianor_n make_v every_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n swear_v fealty_n to_o richard_n king_n of_o england_n as_o to_o their_o liege_n lord_n from_o whence_o you_o will_v infer_v that_o by_o common_a intendment_n of_o law_n he_o be_v look_v upon_o king_n of_o england_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o consequent_o there_o can_v be_v no_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n now_o admit_v that_o he_o be_v common_o call_v king_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v or_o that_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n will_v make_v the_o people_n swear_v to_o he_o as_o such_o yet_o that_o can_v not_o make_v he_o so_o since_o the_o same_o historian_n also_o tell_v we_o that_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o william_n earl_n marshal_z make_v the_o people_n of_o england_n take_v a_o like_a oath_n to_o earl_n john_n as_o their_o lord_n not_o king_n immediate_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n richard_n his_o brother_n and_o yet_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o affirm_v that_o their_o swear_a fealty_n to_o he_o as_o their_o superior_a lord_n make_v he_o king_n or_o give_v he_o a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o or_o any_o indifferent_a man_n to_o tell_v i_o which_o be_v hoveden_n opinion_n whether_o this_o swear_a fealty_n be_v a_o sufficient_a declaration_n of_o his_o â—eing_a king_n or_o else_o all_o those_o other_o expression_n which_o signify_v the_o contrary_a when_o immediate_o before_o his_o coronation_n he_o only_o call_v it_o ducem_fw-la richarâ—m_fw-la qui_fw-la coronandus_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la which_o i_o think_v be_v as_o plain_a a_o distinction_n 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be_v a_o man_n and_o better_o acquaint_v with_o england_n and_o have_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o most_o of_o the_o great_a man_n be_v of_o his_o party_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o hoveden_n who_o be_v alive_a at_o this_o time_n speak_v not_o a_o word_n of_o his_o be_v elect_v but_o only_o that_o upon_o his_o come_n into_o england_n he_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o crown_v by_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n so_o that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o word_n there_o of_o any_o election_n by_o but_o only_o a_o submission_n from_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a to_o king_n john_n and_o a_o recognition_n that_o he_o be_v their_o king_n nor_o indeed_o can_v he_o need_v it_o if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o king_n richard_n despared_a of_o life_n 449._o he_o devise_v to_o john_n his_o brother_n the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o all_o his_o other_o land_n and_o cause_v all_o those_o that_o be_v present_a to_o do_v he_o fealty_n and_o this_o be_v relate_v by_o hoveden_n in_o all_o probability_n a_o eye_n witness_v of_o these_o transaction_n so_o that_o the_o first_o author_n we_o find_v to_o mention_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o particular_n of_o this_o pretend_a election_n be_v mâ—tthew_n paris_n who_o have_v give_v we_o the_o speech_n which_o the_o archbishop_n make_v at_o this_o suppose_a election_n 197._o and_o also_o recite_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o all_o other_o who_o ought_v to_o be_v at_o his_o coronation_n the_o archbishop_n stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o they_o say_v thus_o hear_v all_o of_o you_o your_o discretion_n shall_v know_v that_o no_o man_n have_v right_a to_o succeed_v in_o this_o kingdom_n unless_o after_o seek_v god_n he_o be_v unanimous_o choose_v by_o the_o university_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v those_o that_o be_v here_o say_v to_o meet_v at_o london_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o speech_n need_v no_o 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mistake_v in_o this_o great_a point_n and_o may_v have_v also_o give_v occasion_n to_o divers_a other_o of_o his_o profession_n to_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o error_n f._n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o my_o lord_n coke_n and_o other_o of_o his_o profession_n who_o maintain_v the_o same_o opinion_n may_v very_o well_o be_v defend_v as_o well_o from_o that_o statute_n as_o other_o authority_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o that_o at_o present_a i_o shall_v first_o discourse_v with_o you_o upon_o this_o point_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o take_v this_o oath_n to_o their_o present_a majesty_n king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n and_o therefore_o you_o misunderstand_v i_o if_o you_o believe_v that_o i_o think_v this_o oath_n do_v require_v from_o you_o the_o performance_n of_o all_o those_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n and_o subjection_n which_o i_o myself_o be_o oblige_v to_o who_o be_o full_o satisfy_v of_o their_o title_n and_o therefore_o must_v venture_v my_o life_n and_o fortune_n in_o their_o 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without_o he_o be_v so_o he_o can_v challenge_v no_o right_n to_o our_o allegiance_n as_o such_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v still_o believe_v that_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n i_o have_v take_v to_o king_n james_n and_o his_o heir_n be_v perpetual_a unless_o you_o can_v show_v i_o that_o their_o right_n be_v determine_v which_o you_o have_v not_o do_v by_o any_o thing_n you_o have_v yet_o say_v and_o therefore_o i_o can_v be_v of_o your_o opinion_n that_o the_o bare_a protection_n of_o a_o usurp_a power_n can_v justify_v our_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o it_o either_o in_o law_n or_o conscience_n for_o then_o all_o man_n have_v be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v as_o firm_a a_o allegiance_n to_o the_o rump_n parliament_n and_o also_o to_o oliver_n cromwell_n as_o to_z king_n william_n and_o queen_n marry_o since_o both_o the_o former_a protect_v the_o people_n as_o much_o in_o their_o religion_n civil_a liberty_n and_o property_n as_o the_o latter_a i_o fear_v will_v ever_o do_v and_o that_o 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elizabeth_n he_o be_v a_o violent_a papist_n flee_v over_o into_o flanders_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n and_o there_o conspire_v with_o he_o to_o invade_v this_o kingdom_n and_o be_v afterward_o take_v and_o bring_v over_o prisoner_n be_v try_v as_o a_o subject_a of_o england_n though_o he_o refuse_v to_o plead_v as_o such_o because_o he_o say_v he_o have_v swear_v allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n notwithstanding_o which_o plea_n he_o be_v execute_v as_o a_o traitor_n as_o you_o will_v find_v at_o large_a in_o my_o lord_n chief_a justice_n dyers's_n report_n 2._o which_o judgement_n be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n coke_n in_o calvins_n case_n where_o he_o express_o assert_n that_o a_o person_n bear_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n owe_v he_o perpetual_a faith_n and_o allegiance_n and_o this_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n because_o jura_n naturalia_fw-la sunt_fw-la immutabilia_fw-la from_o whence_o will_v also_o appear_v the_o falsity_n of_o your_o conclusion_n that_o oath_n of_o allegience_n extend_v no_o further_o then_o to_o the_o king_n in_o possession_n or_o to_o that_o government_n to_o which_o we_o do_v at_o present_a owe_v our_o common_a protection_n and_o therefore_o that_o our_o law_n have_v a_o much_o high_a consideration_n of_o this_o inherent_a allegiance_n that_o belong_v to_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la as_o to_o his_o particular_a person_n and_o his_o heir_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v indifferent_o pay_v to_o any_o body_n else_o who_o can_v by_o seize_v of_o the_o government_n force_v we_o to_o owe_v our_o protection_n to_o they_o which_o appear_v by_o what_o my_o lord_n coke_n have_v also_o lay_v down_o to_o have_v be_v agree_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n upon_o this_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n in_o calvins_n case_n as_o i_o
ever_o they_o think_v they_o may_v now_o certain_o it_o be_v very_o well_o to_o be_v rid_v of_o such_o false_a friend_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o discover_v they_o by_o such_o a_o oath_n then_o to_o keep_v they_o where_o they_o be_v only_o to_o take_v a_o opportunity_n not_o only_o of_o do_v a_o mischief_n but_o of_o serve_v this_o government_n very_o careless_o and_o lukewarm_o whilst_o they_o be_v in_o those_o place_n they_o enjoy_v as_o also_o of_o favour_v and_o assist_v those_o that_o be_v the_o declare_v asserter_n of_o king_n james_n right_n as_o far_o as_o they_o dare_v so_o that_o then_o all_o the_o dispute_n remain_v about_o those_o who_o have_v conscience_n large_a enough_o to_o swallow_v any_o oath_n whatever_o provide_v it_o will_v suit_n with_o their_o present_a advantage_n no_o oath_n can_v tie_v they_o or_o serve_v to_o discover_v their_o private_a sentiment_n as_o i_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o there_o too_o many_o man_n of_o such_o large_a conscience_n as_o you_o 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cowardice_n of_o his_o soldier_n f._n methinks_v sir_n there_o be_v no_o such_o great_a cause_n of_o wonder_n much_o less_o of_o concern_v in_o all_o this_o for_o who_o can_v much_o admire_v that_o a_o prince_n shall_v be_v thus_o use_v who_o have_v not_o only_o provoke_v a_o powerful_a enemy_n to_o invade_v he_o from_o abroad_o but_o by_o industrious_o labour_v to_o introduce_v popery_n and_o arbitrary_a government_n at_o home_n have_v lose_v the_o heart_n of_o almost_o all_o except_o his_o popish_a subject_n insomuch_o that_o many_o of_o his_o own_o soldier_n be_v so_o terrify_v with_o the_o thought_n of_o be_v discard_v like_o the_o protestant_a army_n in_o ireland_n to_o make_v room_n for_o irish_a and_o french_a papist_n that_o they_o have_v very_o little_a courage_n to_o fight_n when_o they_o see_v casheer_v be_v the_o best_a reward_n they_o can_v expect_v if_o they_o prove_v victorious_a and_o who_o can_v much_o pity_v a_o prince_n who_o will_v rather_o loose_v the_o affection_n 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the_o dutch_a nor_o the_o prince_n their_o stadt-holder_n give_v he_o till_o now_o any_o just_a provocation_n m._n well_o however_o these_o be_v but_o bare_a suspicion_n and_o presumption_n at_o most_o and_o not_o proof_n and_o therefore_o in_o a_o doubtful_a matter_n as_o this_o be_v if_o we_o ought_v to_o judge_v favourable_o of_o the_o action_n of_o other_o much_o more_o of_o prince_n who_o council_n and_o action_n though_o private_a yet_o be_v still_o expose_v to_o the_o censure_n and_o calumny_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v not_o blame_v i_o if_o i_o free_o confess_v that_o i_o be_o deep_o concern_v to_o see_v a_o innocent_a and_o mislead_v king_n force_v to_o seek_v his_o bread_n in_o a_o foreign_a land_n and_o the_o more_o since_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o common_a people_n have_v contribute_v so_o much_o to_o it_o by_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o and_o that_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o his_o own_o army_n and_o officer_n shall_v contrary_v to_o their_o allegiance_n and_o trust_v repose_v in_o they_o run_v over_o to_o the_o enemy_n nay_o that_o some_o of_o our_o bishop_n and_o clergyman_n shall_v contrary_a to_o the_o so_o often_o acknowledge_v doctrine_n of_o passiveâ—_n obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n not_o only_a countenance_n but_o be_v likewise_o active_a in_o such_o desperate_a undertake_n and_o this_o in-direct_a opposition_n to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o god_n and_o this_o kingdom_n which_o must_v needs_o make_v our_o church_n a_o scorn_n to_o our_o enemy_n the_o papist_n and_o a_o shame_n and_o reproach_n to_o all_o protestant_a church_n abroad_o and_o render_v the_o people_n of_o england_n odious_a to_o all_o the_o crown_a head_n in_o europe_n f._n well_o sir_n i_o see_v you_o be_v very_o warm_a and_o i_o hope_v more_o than_o the_o cause_n deserve_v you_o may_v judge_v as_o favourable_o of_o the_o king_n proceed_n and_o as_o hardly_o of_o the_o action_n of_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n clergy_n and_o people_n in_o this_o matter_n as_o you_o please_v but_o yet_o i_o think_v i_o can_v make_v it_o as_o clear_a as_o the_o day_n that_o they_o have_v do_v nothing_o by_o join_v in_o arm_n with_o he_o prince_n of_o orange_n but_o what_o be_v justifiable_a by_o the_o principle_n of_o self_n preservation_n the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n and_o a_o just_a zoal_n for_o their_o religion_n and_o civil_a liberty_n as_o they_o stand_v secure_v by_o our_o law_n unless_o you_o will_v give_v the_o king_n a_o power_n of_o make_v up_o papist_n and_o slave_n whenever_o he_o please_v but_o as_o for_o your_o doctrine_n of_o a_o absolute_a obedience_n without_o reserve_n and_o the_o divine_a right_n of_o monarchy_n and_o succession_n you_o need_v not_o be_v much_o concern_v whether_o the_o papist_n laugh_v at_o you_o or_o no_o since_o there_o be_v very_o few_o of_o they_o if_o any_o who_o be_v such_o fool_n themselves_o as_o to_o believe_v such_o futilous_a opinion_n but_o indeed_o they_o have_v more_o reason_n to_o laugh_v at_o you_o whilst_o you_o maintain_v than_o when_o you_o quit_v they_o since_o as_o they_o have_v only_o render_v you_o a_o fit_a object_n of_o their_o scorn_n so_o they_o will_v have_v make_v you_o but_o a_o more_o casâ—â—_n sacrifice_n to_o their_o malice_n for_o what_o can_v thief_n desire_v more_o than_o that_o those_o they_o design_v to_o rob_v shall_v think_v it_o unlawful_a to_o resist_v they_o and_o what_o can_v the_o papist_n have_v wish_v for_o more_o than_o that_o our_o hand_n be_v fotter_v by_o this_o doctrine_n of_o a_o indefinite_a passive-obedience_n our_o life_n religion_n and_o liberty_n shall_v lie_v at_o their_o mercy_n which_o how_o long_o we_o shall_v have_v enjoy_v whenever_o they_o think_v themselves_o â—â—rong_a enough_o to_o take_v they_o away_o the_o late_a cruel_a persecution_n and_o extirpation_n of_o the_o protestant_n in_o france_n savey_n hungary_n and_o other_o place_n have_v prove_v but_o too_o fatal_a example_n and_o therefore_o no_o wonder_n let_v your_o high-flown_a churchman_n write_v or_o preach_v what_o they_o please_v if_o the_o body_n of_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o people_n of_o england_n can_v never_o be_v persuade_v to_o swallow_v doctrine_n so_o fatal_a to_o their_o religion_n and_o destructive_a to_o their_o civil_a right_n and_o liberty_n both_o as_o mon_n and_o christian_n and_o as_o for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o these_o doctrine_n i_o think_v they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o ancient_a tenet_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n that_o they_o be_v neither_o to_o be_v find_v in_o its_o chatechism_n thirty_o nine_o article_n or_o book_n of_o homily_n take_v in_o their_o true_a sense_n and_o mean_v tho'_o indeed_o there_o be_v something_o that_o may_v tend_v that_o way_n in_o some_o of_o the_o late_a church-canon_n about_o
fifty_o year_n ago_o but_o i_o do_v not_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o the_o ancient_n establish_v doctrine_n of_o our_o church_n because_o these_o canon_n be_v not_o confirm_v but_o condemn_v by_o two_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o consequent_o never_a legal_o establish_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v by_o the_o public_a saction_n of_o the_o king_n and_o nation_n our_o old_a queen_n elix_fw-la divine_v 280._o such_o as_o bishop_n bilson_n and_o mr._n hooker_n be_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o these_o doctrine_n nay_o teach_v in_o several_a place_n of_o their_o write_n the_o quite_o contrary_a noâ—_n be_v this_o doctrine_n of_o absolute_a subjection_n and_o nonresistance_n ever_o general_o maintain_v until_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n iame_n reign_n when_o some_o court_n bishop_n and_o divine_n begin_v to_o make_v new_a discovery_n in_o politic_n as_o well_o as_o divinity_n and_o do_v by_o their_o preach_a and_o write_n affirm_v that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o man_n estate_n 11._o so_o that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a in_o any_o case_n to_o disobey_v or_o resist_v his_o personal_a commandâ—_n if_o they_o be_v not_o direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o dr._n harslet_o then_o bishop_n of_o chichester_n his_o sermon_n upon_o this_o text_n give_v unto_o caesar_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v caesar_n wherein_o he_o maintain_v that_o all_o the_o subject_n good_n and_o money_n be_v caesar_n that_o be_v the_o king_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v he_o if_o he_o demand_v they_o for_o the_o public_a use_n which_o sermon_n tho'_o order_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o to_o be_v burn_v by_o the_o hangman_n yet_o be_v so_o grateful_a to_o the_o court_n that_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v out_o of_o favour_n for_o it_o that_o he_o be_v not_o long_o after_o translate_v to_o norwich_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o york_n so_o likewise_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o dr._n manwaring_n preach_v before_o he_o the_o substance_n of_o who_o sermon_n be_v somewhat_o high_o than_o the_o former_a 609._o viz._n that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n not_o to_o impose_v tax_n or_o subsidy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o when_o they_o be_v so_o impose_v the_o subject_n be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n and_o upon_o pain_n of_o damnation_n to_o pay_v they_o which_o if_o they_o refuse_v to_o do_v they_o be_v guilty_a of_o disloyalty_n and_o rebelion_n for_o which_o sermon_n he_o be_v impeach_v by_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n 4._o car._n i_o and_o thereupon_o sentence_v by_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n to_o be_v disable_v to_o hold_v or_o receve_v any_o ecclesiastical_a live_n or_o secular_a office_n whatever_o and_o also_o to_o be_v imprison_v and_o fine_v a_o thousand_o pound_n notwithstanding_o all_o which_o we_o find_v he_o present_o after_o the_o parliament_n be_v dissolve_v not_o only_o at_o liberty_n 635._o but_o also_o present_v by_o the_o king_n to_o a_o rich_a benefice_n in_o essex_n and_o not_o long_o after_o make_v bishop_n of_o st._n david_n so_o likewise_o one_o dr._n sibthorp_n about_o the_o same_o time_n preach_v a_o assize_n sermon_n at_o northamtâ—n_n on_o rom._n 13.7_o wherein_o he_o maintain_v much_o the_o like_a doctrine_n as_o that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n alone_o that_o make_v the_o law_n and_o that_o nothing_o can_v excuse_v from_o a_o active_a obedience_n to_o his_o command_n but_o what_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n and_o that_o king_n have_v power_n to_o lay_v pole_n money_n upon_o their_o subject_a head_n but_o this_o much_o i_o have_v read_v that_o this_o sermon_n be_v license_v by_o dr._n laud_n then_o bishop_n of_o st._n david_n 434._o because_o archbishop_n abbot_n have_v refuse_v to_o do_v it_o as_o contrary_a to_o law_n for_o which_o he_o be_v very_o much_o frwon_v upon_o at_o court_n and_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o main_a cause_n of_o his_o suspension_n from_o his_o archepiscopal_a jurisdiction_n which_o not_o long_o after_o happen_v but_o as_o for_o this_o siothâ—rp_a though_o he_o live_v long_o after_o even_o till_o the_o king_n return_v yet_o be_v as_o archbishop_n abbot_z describe_v he_o a_o man_n of_o but_o small_a learning_n i_o can_v learn_v that_o he_o be_v ever_o prefer_v high_o than_o the_o parsonage_n of_o barchley_n and_o in_o northamptonshire_n but_o i_o find_v a_o new_a doctrine_n broach_v by_o some_o modern_a bishop_n and_o divine_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o that_o monarchy_n be_v of_o divine_a right_n or_o institution_n at_o least_o so_o that_o any_o other_o government_n be_v scarce_o warrantable_a or_o lawful_a and_o of_o this_o new_a sect_n we_o must_v more_o especial_o take_v notice_n of_o sir_n r._n f._n who_o have_v write_v several_a treatise_n to_o prove_v this_o doctrine_n and_o which_o be_v worse_o that_o all_o monarch_n be_v absolute_a they_o can_v be_v limit_v or_o oblige_v either_o by_o oath_n law_n or_o contract_n with_o their_o people_n 8._o far_o than_o they_o themselves_o shall_v think_v fit_a or_o consistent_a with_o their_o suppose_a prerogative_n of_o which_o they_o only_o be_v to_o be_v the_o sole_a judge_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o four_o last_o king_n what_o strong_a inclination_n they_o have_v to_o render_v themselves_o absolute_a and_o that_o few_o divine_n or_o common_a or_o civil_a lawyer_n be_v prefer_v in_o their_o reign_n to_o any_o considerable_a place_n either_o in_o church_n or_o state_n prerogative_n who_o do_v not_o maintain_v these_o new_a opinion_n both_o on_o the_o bench_n and_o in_o the_o pulpit_n you_o need_v not_o wonder_v when_o the_o stream_n of_o court_n preferment_n run_v so_o strong_a that_o way_n if_o so_o many_o be_v carry_v away_o with_o it_o since_o it_o be_v but_o to_o expose_v themselves_o to_o certain_a misery_n if_o not_o to_o utter_v ruin_n to_o oppugn_v it_o all_o who_o offer_v by_o speak_v or_o write_v to_o maintain_v the_o contrary_a be_v brand_v with_o the_o odious_a name_n of_o puritan_n commonwealths-man_n whig_n etc._n etc._n some_o of_o who_o you_o may_v remember_v be_v not_o long_o since_o imprison_v fine_v nay_o whip_v for_o so_o do_v so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o there_o be_v but_o very_o few_o to_o be_v find_v who_o dare_v with_o so_o great_a hazard_n speak_v what_o they_o think_v nor_o can_v any_o thing_n but_o the_o imminent_a danger_n upon_o our_o law_n religion_n and_o property_n proceed_v from_o the_o king_n illegal_a practice_n have_v open_v the_o eye_n of_o a_o great_a many_o nobleman_n gentleman_n and_o clergy_n who_o contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n so_o much_o late_o in_o vogue_n do_v generous_o venture_v both_o their_o life_n and_o estate_n to_o join_v their_o arm_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n against_o the_o king_n unjust_a and_o violent_a proceed_n m._n i_o do_v not_o doubt_v notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v before_o i_o have_v do_v these_o doctrine_n of_o nonresistance_n and_o of_o the_o divine_a institution_n of_o monarchy_n to_o be_v most_o consonant_a to_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n and_o also_o to_o that_o of_o our_o reform_a church_n of_o england_n nor_o be_v those_o divine_n you_o mention_n in_o k._n james_n the_o first_o be_v time_n the_o author_n or_o inventor_n of_o these_o doctrine_n which_o be_v public_o receive_v and_o decree_v by_o both_o house_n of_o that_o convocation_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o k._n james_n and_o continue_v till_o the_o year_n 1610._o as_o appear_v by_o divers_a manuscript_n copy_n of_o the_o act_n or_o decree_n of_o this_o convocation_n the_o original_a of_o which_o be_v late_o in_o the_o library_n found_v by_o dr._n cousin_n late_a bishop_n of_o durham_n beside_o a_o very_a fair_a copy_n now_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o archbishop_n library_n at_o lambeth_n which_o if_o you_o please_v to_o peruse_v you_o may_v be_v quick_o satisfy_v that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n long_o before_o ever_o sir_n r._n f._n writ_n thoses_fw-fr treatise_n you_o mention_v hold_v that_o civil_a power_n be_v give_v by_o god_n to_o adam_n and_o noah_n and_o their_o descendant_n as_o also_o that_o absolute_a subjection_n and_o obedience_n be_v due_a to_o all_o sovereign_a power_n without_o any_o resistance_n as_o claim_v under_o those_o original_a charter_n these_o doctrine_n be_v there_o full_o and_o plain_o lay_v down_o and_o assert_v as_o the_o doctrine_n of_o our_o church_n so_o that_o you_o deal_v very_o unjust_o with_o the_o memory_n of_o those_o divine_n as_o also_o of_o sir_n r._n f._n to_o
make_v they_o the_o first_o breacher_n of_o it_o whereas_o you_o may_v find_v that_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o whole_a convocation_n for_o many_o year_n before_o ever_o those_o divine_n or_o that_o gentleman_n begin_v to_o preach_v or_o write_v upon_o this_o subject_n nor_o be_v these_o the_o only_a man_n who_o maintain_v these_o principle_n but_o archbishop_n usher_n and_o bishop_n sanderson_n who_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o reckon_v among_o your_o flatter_a court_n bishop_n have_v as_o learned_o and_o full_o assert_v those_o doctrine_n you_o so_o much_o condemn_v as_o any_o of_o that_o party_n you_o find_v fault_n with_o and_o have_v very_o well_o prove_v all_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n to_o be_v unlawful_a not_o only_o in_o absolute_a but_o limit_a monarchy_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o you_o may_v sufficient_o satisfy_v yourself_o if_o you_o will_v but_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o read_v the_o learned_a and_o elaborate_v treatise_n write_v by_o 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it_o will_v be_v leave_v in_o her_o power_n not_o only_o to_o govern_v herself_o but_o by_o marry_v to_o choose_v a_o king_n for_o her_o subject_n who_o they_o do_v not_o approve_v of_o and_o therefore_o we_o read_v that_o in_o diverse_a of_o the_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n woman_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o succession_n nor_o be_v these_o the_o only_a question_n that_o either_o may_v then_o or_o else_o have_v in_o latter_a age_n be_v start_v concern_v succession_n in_o kingdom_n 158._o and_o principality_n and_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o great_a dispute_n between_o pretender_n to_o crown_n where_o a_o king_n die_v without_o lawful_a issue_n as_o whether_o a_o grandson_n by_o a_o young_a daughter_n shall_v inherit_v before_o a_o granddaughter_n by_o a_o elder_a daughter_n whether_o the_o elder_a son_n by_o a_o concubine_n before_o the_o young_a son_n by_o a_o wife_n from_o whence_o also_o will_v arise_v many_o question_n concern_v legitimation_n and_o what_o by_o 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the_o sole_a will_n of_o the_o first_o prince_n in_o which_o the_o people_n have_v no_o hand_n for_o in_o the_o most_o ancient_a monarchy_n 71._o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o the_o people_n of_o all_o country_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o sole_a will_n of_o their_o prince_n which_o by_o degree_n come_v to_o be_v so_o well_o know_v in_o several_a instance_n that_o inferior_a magistrate_n need_v not_o resort_v to_o they_o in_o those_o case_n and_o the_o people_n be_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n accustom_v to_o such_o usage_n they_o grow_v easy_a and_o familiar_a to_o they_o and_o so_o be_v retain_v though_o the_o memory_n of_o those_o prince_n who_o first_o introduce_v they_o be_v lose_v and_o after_o king_n find_v it_o better_a to_o continue_v what_o be_v so_o receive_v than_o to_o run_v the_o hazard_n and_o trouble_v of_o change_v they_o be_v for_o their_o own_o ease_n and_o the_o good_a of_o their_o subject_n content_v they_o shall_v be_v still_o from_o age_n to_o age_n so_o 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the_o estate_n and_o be_v not_o admit_v to_o the_o crown_n without_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o the_o chief_a justice_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o people_n that_o he_o will_v observe_v the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n otherwise_o that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o obey_v he_o but_o at_o once_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o about_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o son_n or_o descendant_n by_o daughter_n the_o case_n be_v much_o more_o nice_a and_o intricate_a and_o that_o when_o such_o case_n happen_v in_o limit_a monarchy_n where_o there_o be_v a_o assembly_n of_o estate_n 55._o they_o be_v the_o sole_a judge_n of_o such_o difference_n may_v appear_v by_o two_o famous_a example_n in_o modern_a history_n the_o first_o be_v in_o scotland_n about_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o l._n when_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n alexander_n iii_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n when_o two_o or_o three_o several_a competitor_n claim_v a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o descend_v from_o several_a daughter_n of_o david_n earl_n of_o huntingdon_n great_a uncle_n to_o the_o last_o king_n the_o chief_z of_o which_o be_v john_n bayliol_n and_o robert_n bâ—uâ—â—_n the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o be_v able_a to_o decide_v it_o they_o agree_v to_o refer_v it_o to_o edward_n i._o king_n of_o england_n who_o adjudge_v the_o crown_n to_o bayliol_n yet_o do_v not_o this_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o great_a controversy_n for_o not_o long_o after_o bayliol_n be_v depose_v bruce_n revive_v his_o title_n and_o the_o state_n of_o scotland_n declare_v he_o king_n who_o posterity_n enjoy_v it_o at_o this_o day_n a_o like_a case_n happen_v in_o the_o last_o age_n in_o portugal_n after_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n surname_v the_o cardinal_n without_o issue_n when_o no_o less_o than_o four_o eminent_a competitor_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n some_o claim_n from_o the_o daughter_n of_o don_n durate_n young_a brother_n to_o the_o last_o king_n henry_n but_o the_o 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charta_fw-la for_o example_n for_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la or_o any_o liberty_n we_o enjoy_v be_v not_o necessary_a or_o contrary_a to_o the_o common_a good_a he_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o observe_v they_o and_o upon_o this_o principle_n it_o be_v that_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o found_v the_o king_n prerogative_n for_o ship_n money_n for_o they_o suppose_v that_o the_o king_n in_o case_n of_o necessity_n that_o be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o subject_n may_v lay_v a_o tax_n upon_o the_o kingdom_n though_o without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n so_o that_o upon_o this_o pretence_n the_o king_n be_v the_o sole_a judge_n of_o the_o necessity_n he_o may_v quick_o have_v raise_v what_o tax_n and_o as_o often_o as_o he_o have_v please_v but_o lest_o our_o king_n shall_v think_v themselves_o too_o strict_o bind_v by_o their_o coronation_n oath_n to_o observe_v the_o law_n pray_v see_v in_o the_o next_o 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the_o people_n liberty_n as_o his_o majesty_n gracious_o affirm_v in_o his_o speech_n after_o his_o last_o answer_n to_o the_o petition_n of_o right_n howsoever_o some_o be_v afraid_a of_o the_o name_n of_o prerogative_n yet_o they_o may_v assure_v themselves_o the_o case_n of_o subject_n will_v be_v desperate_o miserable_a without_o it_o so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o he_o assert_v no_o prerogative_n in_o the_o king_n to_o be_v above_o all_o law_n but_o only_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o people_n and_o to_o defend_v their_o liberty_n which_o i_o think_v be_v a_o sufficient_a restraint_n of_o prerogative_n f._n but_o read_v a_o little_a low_o and_o the_o people_n will_v have_v no_o such_o great_a cause_n to_o thank_v he_o as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o these_o word_n in_o all_o aristocracy_n the_o noble_n be_v above_o the_o law_n and_o
in_o all_o democracy_n the_o people_n by_o the_o like_a reason_n in_o a_o monarchy_n the_o king_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v above_o the_o law_n there_o can_v be_v no_o sovereign_a majesty_n in_o he_o that_o be_v under_o they_o that_o which_o give_v the_o very_a be_v to_o a_o king_n be_v the_o power_n to_o give_v law_n without_o this_o power_n he_o be_v but_o a_o equivocal_a king_n and_o most_o part_n of_o what_o follow_v in_o this_o treatise_n be_v only_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o parliament_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n be_v a_o creature_n whole_o of_o the_o king_n creation_n and_o consequent_o that_o he_o alone_o make_v the_o law_n in_o it_o and_o he_o have_v also_o write_v a_o whole_a treatise_n call_v the_o freeholders_n grand_a inquest_n to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n authority_n alone_o that_o make_v the_o law_n and_o therefore_o that_o he_o can_v interpret_v and_o dispense_v with_o they_o at_o his_o pleasure_n so_o that_o richard_n the_o second_o have_v this_o 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he_o please_v and_o leave_v undo_v what_o he_o liâ—t_v and_o this_o decree_n be_v make_v while_o augustus_n be_v yet_o absent_a according_o we_o find_v that_o ulpian_n the_o great_a lawyer_n deliver_v it_o for_o a_o rule_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n princeps_fw-la legibus_fw-la solutus_fw-la est_fw-la the_o prince_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o the_o law_n so_o that_o upon_o these_o principle_n all_o king_n be_v not_o only_o discharge_v from_o the_o penalty_n but_o also_o the_o very_a obligation_n of_o observe_v law_n far_o than_o they_o shall_v think_v sit_v and_o indeed_o this_o author_n carry_v this_o prerogative_n beyond_o what_o the_o most_o moderate_a roman_a emperor_n ever_o pretend_v to_o as_o i_o can_v easy_o show_v you_o from_o your_o own_o civil_a law-book_n and_o therefore_o pray_v reach_v i_o down_o your_o volume_n of_o the_o code_n and_o fee_n here_o what_o the_o emperor_n declare_v on_o this_o matter_n de_fw-fr testamentis_fw-la 23._o exit_fw-la imperfecto_fw-la testamento_fw-la nec_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la vindicare_fw-la posse_fw-la sape_fw-la constitutum_fw-la est_fw-la licet_fw-la enim_fw-la lex_fw-la imperii_fw-la solennibus_fw-la juris_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la solverit_fw-la nihil_fw-la tamen_fw-la tam_fw-la proprium_fw-la imperii_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la legibus_fw-la vivere_fw-la see_v likewise_o in_o the_o theodosian_a code_n these_o word_n digna_fw-la vox_fw-la est_fw-la majestate_fw-la regnantis_fw-la 14._o legibus_fw-la alligatum_fw-la se_fw-la principis_fw-la prositeri_fw-la aded_a de_fw-fr authoritate_fw-la juris_fw-la nosira_fw-la pendet_fw-la authoritas_fw-la &_o re_fw-la vera_fw-la majus_fw-la imperio_fw-la est_fw-la submittere_fw-la legibus_fw-la principatum_fw-la &_o oraculo_fw-la praesentis_fw-la edicti_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la licere_fw-la non_fw-la patimur_fw-la aliis_fw-la indicamuâ—_n viz._n successorâ—buâ—_n theodosio_n &_o valentino_n so_o that_o you_o may_v here_o see_v that_o even_o the_o roman_a emperor_n be_v more_o modest_a than_o to_o declare_v themselves_o discharge_v by_o their_o prerogative_n or_o think_v of_o any_o of_o these_o subtle_a distinction_n of_o this_o author_n from_o their_o obligation_n to_o the_o law_n however_o they_o be_v from_o the_o penalty_n which_o be_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o this_o phrase_n of_o be_v legibus_fw-la solutus_fw-la but_o god_n be_v thank_v most_o of_o our_o own_o king_n have_v be_v more_o conscientious_a than_o to_o maintain_v that_o they_o be_v not_o bind_v by_o their_o coronation_n oath_n far_o than_o they_o please_v for_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o preamble_n to_o the_o statute_n of_o provisour_n make_v in_o the_o 25_o of_o ed._n 3d._n 99_o where_o it_o be_v declare_v and_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n that_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v such_o that_o upon_o the_o mischief_n and_o damage_n which_o happen_v to_o the_o realm_n he_o ought_v and_o be_v bind_v of_o his_o say_a people_n in_o his_o parliament_n thereof_o to_o make_v remedy_n and_o law_n in_o void_v the_o mischief_n which_o come_v thereof_o and_o the_o king_n see_v the_o mischief_n and_o damage_v aforesaid_a and_o have_v regard_n to_o the_o say_a statute_n scil_n the_o former_a statute_n of_o provisour_n he_o here_o far_o acknowledge_v that_o he_o be_v bind_v by_o his_o oath_n to_o do_v the_o same_o to_o be_v keep_v as_o the_o law_n of_o his_o realm_n though_o by_o sufferance_n and_o negligence_n it_o have_v be_v hitherto_o attempt_v to_o the_o contrary_n so_o likewise_o king_n henry_n the_o four_o declare_v in_o full_a parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_n that_o whereas_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n have_v grant_v ley_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v in_o as_o great_a liberty_n as_o any_o of_o his_o noble_a progenitor_n on_o which_o our_o say_a lord_n of_o his_o royal_a grace_n and_o tender_a conscience_n have_v grant_v in_o full_a parliament_n that_o it_o be_v not_o his_o intent_n nor_o will_v he_o alter_v the_o law_n statute_n and_o good_a usage_n nor_o take_v any_o advantage_n by_o the_o say_a grant_n but_o will_v keep_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o statute_n ordain_v and_o use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o noble_a progenitor_n and_o do_v right_o to_o all_o people_n in_o mercy_n and_o truth_n selonâ—_n son_n serment_n i._n e._n according_a to_o his_o coronation_n oath_n m._n i_o will_v not_o affirm_v but_o sir_n r_o f._n observe_v how_o much_o the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v run_v down_o by_o the_o long_a parliament_n and_o how_o the_o least_o slip_v and_o miscarriage_n in_o government_n be_v aggravate_v by_o the_o demogogue_n that_o then_o domineer_v as_o open_v and_o violent_a breach_n of_o his_o coronation_n oath_n may_v be_v willing_a to_o make_v the_o best_a defence_n he_o can_v for_o such_o miscarriage_n and_o this_o treatise_n of_o patriarcha_fw-la be_v a_o posthumous_n piece_n perhaps_o he_o will_v have_v alter_v many_o thing_n in_o it_o have_v he_o live_v to_o publish_v it_o himself_o but_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o be_v a_o very_a honest_a man_n and_o mean_v well_o to_o the_o kingdom_n for_o all_o that_o and_o therefore_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v not_o be_v too_o rigorous_a in_o your_o censure_n of_o he_o f._n i_o will_v assure_v you_o sir_n i_o shall_v not_o because_o he_o have_v be_v dead_a many_o year_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v much_o rather_o censure_v his_o write_n than_o his_o person_n which_o i_o never_o know_v but_o if_o i_o may_v judge_v from_o his_o work_n he_o be_v certain_o no_o friend_n to_o parliament_n or_o the_o power_n of_o the_o law_n above_o the_o prerogative_n but_o that_o i_o may_v also_o show_v you_o how_o dangerous_a and_o derogatory_n his_o opinion_n likewise_o be_v to_o the_o title_n of_o all_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o monarch_n now_o in_o the_o world_n however_o he_o may_v seem_v to_o write_v in_o their_o defence_n pray_v turn_n to_o his_o patr._n chap._n 1._o par._n 9_o and_o to_o a_o question_n 〈◊〉_d become_v of_o the_o right_n of_o fatherhood_n in_o case_n the_o crown_n escheat_n for_o want_n of_o a_o hâ—ir_n he_o thus_o reply_n which_o pray_v read_v it_o be_v but_o the_o negligence_n or_o ignorance_n of_o the_o people_n to_o lose_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a heir_n for_o a_o heir_n there_o always_o be_v if_o adam_n himself_o be_v still_o live_v and_o now_o ready_a to_o die_v it_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v oâ—â—_n man_n and_o but_o one_o in_o the_o world_n who_o be_v next_o heir_n although_o the_o knowledge_n who_o shall_v be_v that_o one_o man_n be_v quite_o lose_v the_o which_o he_o likewise_o repeat_v to_o the_o same_o effect_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o anarchy_n of_o a_o limit_a or_o mix_v monarchy_n pray_v see_v the_o place_n and_o read_v these_o word_n it_o be_v a_o truth_n undeniable_a 273._o that_o there_o can_v be_v a_o multitude_n of_o man_n whatsoever_o either_o great_a or_o small_a
forfeit_v to_o the_o conqueror_n who_o have_v a_o right_a either_o to_o retain_v they_o for_o himself_o or_o else_o to_o distribute_v they_o as_o reward_n among_o his_o 〈◊〉_d and_o soldier_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o right_n of_o all_o conqueror_n whether_o commonwealth_n or_o monarch_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o be_v exercise_v among_o the_o ancient_a greek_n and_o roman_n as_o well_o as_o other_o nation_n i_o refer_v you_o to_o your_o own_o author_n grotius_n and_o pufendor_n and_o therefore_o since_o it_o appear_v from_o history_n that_o most_o of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o in_o europe_n and_o particular_o this_o of_o england_n begin_v from_o conquest_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o their_o first_o king_n if_o than_o whatsoever_o be_v so_o conquer_a be_v acquire_v for_o they_o and_o they_o alone_o have_v a_o property_n in_o it_o it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v that_o all_o estate_n which_o the_o subject_n of_o all_o sort_n now_o enjoy_v must_v have_v proceed_v from_o their_o grant_n or_o concession_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o not_o only_o in_o england_n but_o also_o in_o scotland_n and_o france_n they_o be_v all_o hold_v either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n as_o be_v at_o first_o all_o derive_v from_o he_o and_o we_o read_v in_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o scotland_n that_o the_o king_n have_v the_o whole_a property_n of_o the_o country_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o malcolm_n conmor_n who_o as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o ancient_a history_n of_o that_o country_n grant_v all_o the_o land_n in_o scotland_n to_o his_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n according_a to_o that_o old_a maxim_n in_o their_o law_n rex_fw-la distribuit_fw-la totam_fw-la toram_fw-la scotiae_fw-la hominibus_fw-la juis_fw-la and_o therefore_o if_o hereditary_a property_n in_o estate_n be_v only_o from_o the_o gift_n and_o bounty_n of_o our_o king_n without_o any_o fundamental_a contract_n between_o they_o and_o their_o subject_n as_o you_o suppose_v i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n grant_v the_o worst_a that_o can_v happen_v which_o be_v high_o improbable_a if_o the_o king_n of_o this_o or_o of_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n shall_v go_v about_o by_o force_n to_o destroy_v and_o take_v away_o this_o hereditary_a property_n they_o now_o enjoy_v that_o the_o people_n shall_v have_v any_o right_a to_o resist_v they_o but_o that_o it_o will_v be_v not_o only_a ingratitude_n but_o rebellion_n so_o to_o do_v for_o though_o i_o own_o that_o king_n be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n in_o the_o sight_n of_o god_n if_o they_o do_v it_o yet_o that_o be_v a_o offence_n only_o against_o god_n the_o subject_n can_v have_v no_o more_o right_a to_o resist_v than_o son_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n have_v to_o resist_v their_o father_n if_o he_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o take_v away_o those_o estate_n which_o he_o have_v before_o bestow_v upon_o they_o and_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v the_o roman_a commonwealth_n i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o the_o government_n of_o the_o people_n do_v there_o precede_v that_o of_o the_o emperor_n yet_o if_o you_o please_v to_o remember_v monarchy_n be_v the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a government_n of_o that_o people_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o all_o the_o property_n the_o roman_n have_v in_o their_o estate_n though_o they_o precede_v from_o conquest_n of_o their_o arm_n yet_o it_o be_v whole_o owe_v to_o the_o grace_n and_o bounty_n of_o their_o first_o king_n and_o when_o upon_o the_o expulsion_n of_o jarquin_n the_o supreme_a power_n become_v divide_v between_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n the_o property_n of_o all_o the_o land_n that_o be_v conquer_a devolve_v upon_o they_o who_o often_o divide_v they_o to_o particular_a private_a man_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a though_o i_o confess_v the_o not_o divide_v of_o these_o land_n among_o the_o common_a people_n be_v afterward_o the_o cause_n of_o great_a tumult_n and_o commotion_n among_o they_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n still_o maintain_v their_o power_n and_o to_o the_o last_o refuse_v to_o make_v a_o division_n of_o those_o land_n they_o have_v former_o conquer_a so_o that_o the_o roman_a emperor_n succeed_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n they_o be_v likewise_o restore_v as_o it_o be_v ex_fw-la posâ—liminio_fw-la to_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o first_o king_n and_o consequent_o as_o seneca_n himself_o confess_v in_o the_o place_n you_o have_v quote_v though_o the_o particular_a propriety_n of_o estate_n be_v in_o private_a man_n yet_o you_o see_v he_o grant_v the_o universal_a possession_n or_o dominion_n of_o they_o be_v in_o the_o king_n or_o emperor_n from_o who_o they_o be_v original_o derive_v i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v to_o speak_v thus_o as_o if_o i_o be_v a_o enemy_n to_o man_n liberty_n and_o property_n or_o that_o i_o either_o fear_v or_o desire_v any_o change_n in_o they_o from_o what_o we_o now_o enjoy_v but_o since_o i_o think_v it_o a_o thing_n moral_o impossible_a to_o alter_v they_o and_o that_o therefore_o no_o king_n will_v be_v so_o ill_o advise_v as_o to_o go_v about_o to_o seize_v they_o into_o his_o own_o hand_n but_o only_o by_o way_n of_o discourse_n suppose_v the_o worst_a that_o can_v happen_v i_o think_v we_o be_v not_o only_o oblige_v in_o conscience_n but_o also_o that_o it_o be_v much_o better_o for_o the_o common_a peace_n that_o the_o ring_n shall_v take_v all_o we_o have_v than_o that_o we_o shall_v involve_v the_o nation_n in_o civil_a war_n and_o confusion_n and_o our_o conscience_n under_o the_o gild_n of_o a_o mortal_a sin_n by_o such_o resistance_n and_o rebellion_n f._n i_o be_o very_o sorry_a to_o see_v that_o by_o your_o principle_n all_o the_o free_a nation_n of_o europe_n lie_v at_o the_o mercy_n of_o any_o prince_n to_o be_v make_v as_o arrant_a slave_n as_o any_o be_v in_o turkey_n when_o ever_o their_o monarch_n please_v or_o that_o they_o think_v that_o they_o can_v make_v more_o of_o their_o people_n 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the_o people_n may_v sometime_o happen_v to_o abuse_v this_o natural_a right_n of_o judge_v and_o resist_v by_o exert_v it_o when_o there_o be_v no_o real_a and_o absolute_a necessity_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o they_o be_v whole_o debar_v from_o it_o because_o they_o may_v happen_v sometime_o to_o abuse_v it_o the_o free_a people_n in_o the_o world_n viz._n our_o self_n for_o example_n may_v easy_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o condition_n of_o absolute_a slavery_n and_o beggary_n and_o that_o without_o all_o remedy_n by_o any_o humane_a mean_n that_o i_o can_v think_v of_o and_o which_o be_v the_o worst_a mischief_n of_o these_o two_o i_o leave_v to_o yourself_o or_o any_o indifferent_a man_n to_o judge_n m._n if_o you_o will_v have_v my_o opinion_n in_o this_o pointâ—_n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o that_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o find_v out_o a_o mischief_n so_o destructive_a to_o the_o people_n and_o which_o they_o shall_v exchange_v for_o this_o miserable_a 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though_o they_o be_v never_o so_o great_a oppressor_n or_o cruel_a tyrant_n for_o when_o once_o they_o enter_v into_o this_o dismal_a state_n of_o war_n who_o can_v tell_v whether_o it_o will_v have_v a_o end_n without_o almost_o the_o total_a destruction_n of_o the_o nation_n or_o at_o least_o by_o bring_v they_o into_o a_o far_o worse_a condition_n of_o slavery_n and_o suffer_v than_o they_o be_v before_o since_o the_o state_n of_o prince_n or_o other_o supreme_a power_n can_v never_o be_v so_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a in_o the_o world_n as_o not_o to_o find_v when_o like_a to_o be_v oppress_v by_o such_o insurrection_n and_o rebellion_n of_o their_o subject_n sufficient_a assistance_n from_o neighbour_a prince_n or_o state_n who_o make_v the_o cause_n of_o such_o a_o prince_n their_o own_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o assist_v he_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n it_o be_v find_v true_a by_o experience_n as_o tully_n long_o ago_o observe_v manil._n that_o the_o afflict_a 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assault_v we_o to_o provoke_v we_o to_o fire_v the_o house_n and_o kill_v you_o all_o for_o if_o you_o once_o enter_v into_o a_o state_n of_o war_n with_o we_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a to_o end_v with_o your_o total_a destruction_n for_o if_o you_o continue_v to_o resist_v we_o or_o think_v to_o call_v in_o company_n to_o your_o assistance_n we_o can_v likewise_o call_v in_o many_o more_o of_o our_o party_n to_o come_v and_o help_v we_o and_o then_o eâ—pâ—â—t_v no_o mercy_n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o will_v not_o this_o be_v a_o very_a rational_a argument_n to_o move_v these_o people_n to_o come_v down_o and_o surrender_v themselves_o to_o these_o thief_n and_o partake_v of_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o excellent_a peace_n they_o propose_v and_o whether_o they_o will_v not_o tell_v
they_o that_o by_o shoot_v they_o will_v also_o call_v in_o the_o neighbour_a town_n who_o may_v be_v too_o strong_a for_o all_o their_o fellow_n thief_n now_o if_o you_o will_v but_o take_v these_o honest_a people_n of_o the_o next_o town_n for_o such_o neighbour_a prince_n or_o state_n who_o may_v join_v in_o the_o assistance_n of_o such_o a_o oppress_v people_n this_o simile_n will_v full_o answer_v your_o argument_n of_o those_o neighbour_a prince_n that_o may_v take_v part_n with_o a_o oppress_v tyrant_n and_o as_o for_o the_o consequence_n of_o such_o assistance_n on_o the_o one_o side_n or_o the_o other_o that_o it_o may_v happen_v to_o bring_v they_o into_o a_o worse_a condition_n than_o they_o be_v before_o viz._n a_o subjection_n to_o foreigner_n as_o i_o have_v put_v the_o case_n it_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n to_o detâ—r_v the_o people_n from_o resist_v for_o if_o they_o be_v as_o i_o suppose_v reduce_v to_o a_o condition_n of_o slavery_n before_o and_o have_v lose_v all_o 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relate_v he_o offer_v to_o do_v nor_o can_v i_o be_v of_o your_o opinion_n that_o iâ—_n have_v be_v much_o better_a for_o the_o baron_n and_o nobility_n of_o this_o kingdom_n never_o to_o have_v stir_v or_o resist_v the_o king_n at_o all_o since_o if_o they_o have_v not_o they_o have_v never_o obtain_v the_o great_a charter_n of_o our_o liberty_n from_o he_o and_o if_o they_o have_v not_o as_o vigorous_o defend_v it_o when_o they_o have_v once_o get_v it_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o people_n of_o england_n have_v be_v long_o before_o this_o time_n in_o the_o same_o condition_n at_o to_o their_o liberty_n and_o property_n as_o some_o of_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n all_o which_o be_v sufficient_a i_o think_v to_o prove_v that_o resistance_n in_o desperate_a and_o unavoidable_a case_n be_v not_o attend_v with_o those_o mischief_n and_o inconvenience_n you_o suppose_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o say_v much_o more_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o lose_a discourse_n since_o it_o will_v be_v to_o little_a purpose_n but_o only_o take_v notice_n that_o simile_n be_v not_o argument_n and_o therefore_o your_o comparison_n between_o thief_n and_o honest_a man_n do_v not_o hold_v as_o to_o prince_n and_o subject_n since_o sure_a there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o those_o that_o be_v to_o be_v obey_v as_o the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n and_o those_o who_o be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o they_o and_o thief_n who_o act_n direct_o contrary_a to_o god_n will_v and_o honest_a man_n who_o have_v no_o obligation_n to_o they_o may_v just_o resist_v they_o so_o that_o if_o that_o be_v false_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o comparison_n will_v signify_v nothing_o and_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o much_o for_o its_o credit_n to_o have_v be_v extort_a by_o force_n and_o afterward_o defend_v by_o rebellion_n though_o i_o will_v not_o go_v about_o to_o impeach_v the_o validity_n of_o it_o since_o so_o many_o of_o our_o succeed_v king_n have_v so_o solemn_o and_o voluntary_o confirm_v it_o only_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o it_o be_v whole_o derive_v from_o the_o grace_n and_o bounty_n of_o our_o monarch_n and_o therefore_o we_o be_v not_o to_o resist_v though_o it_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v sometime_o and_o in_o some_o particular_a case_n break_v and_o infringe_v by_o the_o king_n for_o some_o great_a occasion_n or_o necessity_n of_o which_o we_o be_v not_o competent_a judge_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o evil_a consequence_n that_o may_v attend_v your_o doctrine_n of_o resistance_n i_o think_v the_o benefit_n will_v be_v much_o great_a to_o the_o people_n by_o strict_o adhere_v to_o those_o doctrine_n of_o absolute_a subjection_n and_o nonresistance_n than_o by_o propagate_a you_o of_o rebellion_n for_o if_o the_o former_a be_v constant_o teach_v and_o inculcate_v as_o most_o beneficial_a for_o they_o and_o if_o they_o be_v once_o real_o persuade_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o and_o will_v both_o constant_o profess_v and_o practice_v it_o it_o will_v make_v all_o prince_n much_o more_o gentle_a and_o mild_a to_o their_o subject_n than_o otherwise_o at_o some_o time_n they_o be_v for_o now_o they_o be_v still_o fearful_a that_o they_o will_v take_v the_o first_o opportunity_n they_o can_v to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o they_o and_o upon_o the_o least_o grievance_n or_o misgovernment_n to_o resist_v their_o authority_n for_o then_o prince_n not_o need_v to_o keep_v any_o such_o constant_a guard_n and_o stand_v army_n may_v afford_v to_o lay_v much_o easy_a tax_n and_o imposition_n upon_o they_o for_o the_o maintenance_n and_o support_v of_o the_o government_n than_o now_o they_o do_v and_o in_o short_a will_v have_v much_o few_o temptation_n to_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n can_v they_o be_v once_o assure_v of_o their_o subject_n absolute_a obedience_n and_o subjection_n whereas_o when_o they_o be_v under_o those_o constant_a fear_n and_o suspicion_n of_o insurrection_n and_o rebellion_n against_o they_o upon_o the_o least_o occasion_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o they_o be_v tempt_v sometime_o to_o abuse_v this_o power_n for_o their_o own_o security_n and_o therefore_o we_o read_v in_o our_o history_n that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n never_o think_v himself_o secure_a from_o the_o english_a who_o he_o have_v new_o conquer_a till_o such_o time_n as_o he_o have_v turn_v most_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n out_o of_o their_o office_n and_o estate_n lest_o they_o shall_v have_v any_o power_n leave_v either_o in_o his_o life_n time_n or_o after_o his_o death_n to_o turn_v he_o or_o his_o posterity_n out_o of_o the_o throne_n as_o they_o do_v the_o heir_n of_o the_o danish_a king_n cnute_n who_o with_o his_o dane_n have_v before_o conquer_a england_n as_o king_n william_n do_v afterward_o with_o his_o norman_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o much_o more_o to_o conduce_v to_o the_o main_a design_n of_o civil_a government_n viz._n the_o happiness_n and_o peace_n of_o mankind_n in_o general_n that_o prince_n and_o other_o supreme_a magistrate_n shall_v be_v suffer_v i_o will_v not_o say_v authorize_v by_o god_n sometime_o to_o abuse_v their_o power_n to_o the_o general_a oppression_n and_o enslave_v of_o the_o people_n without_o any_o resistance_n on_o their_o side_n expect_v their_o deliverance_n whole_o from_o he_o who_o can_v bring_v it_o about_o in_o his_o good_a time_n and_o by_o such_o mean_n as_o shall_v seem_v most_o meet_a to_o he_o than_o that_o subject_n shall_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v both_o judge_n and_o executioner_n too_o in_o their_o own_o case_n and_o thereby_o introduce_v not_o only_o all_o the_o mischief_n of_o civil_a war_n and_o all_o those_o cruel_a revenge_n which_o the_o wrath_n
all_o israel_n see_v that_o the_o king_n hearken_v not_o unto_o they_o the_o people_n answer_v the_o king_n say_v what_o portion_n have_v we_o in_o david_n neither_o have_v we_o inheritance_n in_o the_o son_n of_o jesse_n to_o your_o tent_n o_o israel_n now_o see_v to_o thy_o own_o house_n david_n so_o israel_n dâ—parted_v unto_o their_o tent_n 19_o and_o it_o be_v far_o say_v so_o israel_n rebel_v against_o the_o house_n of_o david_n unto_o this_o day_n nor_o be_v this_o action_n at_o all_o blame_v or_o disapprove_v by_o the_o scripture_n or_o rebuke_v by_o any_o prophet_n at_o that_o time_n for_o though_o the_o word_n be_v here_o translate_v they_o rebel_v yet_o in_o the_o hebrew_n it_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o fall_v away_o from_o or_o revolt_a and_o it_o be_v say_v before_o that_o the_o king_n hearken_v not_o to_o the_o people_n for_o the_o 〈◊〉_d which_o may_v be_v also_o translate_v revolution_n be_v from_o the_o lord_n 15._o that_o he_o may_v perform_v his_o say_n which_o he_o speak_v by_o ahijah_n thâ—_n sâ—ilonite_n unto_o jeroboam_n when_o in_o the_o chapter_n before_o the_o prophet_n promise_v he_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o tâ—n_a tribe_n and_o that_o god_n will_v rend_v they_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o solomon_n i._n e._n his_o posterity_n and_o give_v they_o unto_o he_o who_o thereupon_o have_v a_o right_n to_o they_o and_o that_o upon_o his_o be_v make_v king_n by_o the_o people_n he_o have_v also_o a_o right_n to_o their_o obedience_n be_v as_o evident_a since_o to_o continue_v in_o a_o state_n of_o rebellion_n towards_o one_o king_n and_o a_o obligation_n to_o obey_v another_o be_v absolute_o inconsistent_a in_o the_o same_o subject_a as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o second_o conference_n and_o therefore_o i_o can_v but_o here_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o rational_a account_n which_o the_o earl_n of_o clarendon_n in_o his_o survey_n of_o the_o leviathan_n which_o you_o before_o quote_v give_v of_o this_o revolution_n nor_o do_v the_o people_n viz._n of_o israel_n conceive_v themselves_o liable_a to_o those_o imposition_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o application_n they_o make_v to_o rehoboam_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o solomon_n that_o he_o will_v abate_v some_o of_o that_o rigour_n his_o father_n have_v exercise_v towards_o they_o the_o rough_a rejection_n of_o which_o contrary_a to_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o wise_a counâ—ellours_n cost_v he_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o when_o rehoboam_n will_v by_o arm_n have_v reduce_v they_o to_o obedience_n god_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o because_o he_o have_v be_v in_o the_o fault_n himself_o m._n after_o this_o extravagant_a way_n of_o argue_v when_o ever_o the_o subject_n of_o any_o nation_n shall_v think_v themselves_o too_o much_o oppress_v with_o tax_n or_o other_o grievance_n above_o what_o they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v if_o they_o be_v not_o ease_v by_o the_o king_n or_o supreme_a magistrate_n upon_o the_o first_o petition_n they_o may_v present_o cast_v off_o that_o power_n they_o be_v under_o and_o set_v up_o another_o that_o will_v govern_v they_o upon_o cheaper_o term_n for_o if_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n have_v this_o right_n why_o may_v not_o all_o other_o nation_n claim_v the_o same_o and_o this_o doctrine_n however_o comfortable_a it_o may_v be_v to_o the_o people_n i_o be_o sure_a it_o will_v be_v very_o mischievous_a to_o all_o the_o monarchy_n and_o commonwealth_n in_o the_o world_n and_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o french_a king_n nay_o state_n of_o holland_n and_o other_o prince_n will_v quick_o take_v the_o first_o opportunity_n either_o to_o make_v their_o prince_n and_o state_n to_o â—ax_v they_o no_o more_o than_o they_o please_v themselves_o or_o else_o they_o may_v present_o cry_v with_o the_o israelite_n to_o thy_o tent_n o_o israel_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v how_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n in_o england_n will_v be_v in_o a_o much_o better_a conâ—ition_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o people_n they_o represent_v shall_v they_o impose_v great_a tax_n than_o they_o think_v they_o can_v afford_v to_o pay_v and_o this_o privilege_n you_o give_v the_o israelite_n seem_v to_o be_v clean_a contrary_n to_o what_o you_o lay_v down_o at_o our_o last_o conference_n wherein_o you_o except_v great_a tax_n and_o tribute_n to_o prince_n or_o state_n as_o no_o just_a cause_n of_o resistance_n or_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v i_o may_v very_o well_o maintain_v the_o old_a doctrine_n about_o this_o matter_n and_o that_o though_o god_n do_v rend_v the_o kingdom_n from_o rehoboam_n and_o bestow_v it_o upon_o the_o son_n of_o nebat_fw-la who_o also_o when_o the_o people_n have_v make_v he_o king_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o obey_v because_o it_o be_v god_n will_v it_o shall_v be_v so_o who_o give_v and_o take_v away_o kingdom_n from_o whosoever_o he_o please_v yet_o do_v not_o this_o at_o all_o justify_v the_o rebellion_n of_o the_o israelite_n or_o iereboam_n â—suâ—pation_n of_o his_o master_n kingdom_n since_o god_n oftentimes_o make_v use_n of_o this_o rebellion_n of_o the_o people_n to_o execute_v his_o judgement_n upon_o a_o sinful_a prince_n and_o nation_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o after_o this_o rebellion_n of_o the_o israelite_n from_o the_o house_n of_o david_n they_o never_o prosper_v but_o by_o their_o king_n still_o fall_v one_o after_o another_o into_o the_o same_o idolatry_n till_o god_n at_o last_o be_v so_o high_o provoke_v against_o they_o that_o he_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v carry_v away_o captive_n into_o a_o strange_a land_n near_o two_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o tribe_n of_o judah_n and_o benjamin_n undergo_v the_o same_o fate_n for_o the_o like_a crime_n f._n i_o hope_v you_o will_v not_o be_v in_o a_o passion_n because_o i_o have_v bring_v this_o instance_n of_o the_o israelite_n defection_n from_o rehoboam_n as_o a_o example_n of_o the_o right_a that_o subject_n may_v have_v in_o those_o case_n i_o have_v put_v to_o resist_v or_o cast_v off_o those_o supreme_a power_n that_o god_n have_v once_o set_v over_o they_o for_o i_o do_v confess_v divine_n and_o other_o author_n be_v much_o divide_v about_o this_o action_n of_o the_o israelite_n some_o maintain_v it_o to_o be_v well_o do_v and_o in_o pursuance_n to_o god_n will_n and_o other_o hold_v it_o to_o be_v downright_a rebellion_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o positive_o assert_v either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o much_o less_o that_o subject_n may_v rebel_v whensoever_o they_o conceive_v themselves_o overtax_v but_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o affirm_v that_o if_o the_o israelite_n have_v no_o right_n upon_o any_o score_n whatsoever_o to_o resist_v i_o can_v see_v why_o rehoboam_n may_v not_o have_v make_v they_o if_o he_o have_v please_v as_o arrant_a slave_n as_o ever_o their_o ancestor_n be_v in_o egypt_n and_o what_o he_o else_o mean_v by_o say_v instead_o of_o whip_n to_o chastise_v they_o with_o scorpion_n which_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o thorny_a rod_n with_o which_o the_o jew_n correct_v their_o slave_n and_o malefactor_n i_o can_v understand_v and_o as_o for_o tax_n though_o i_o confess_v there_o be_v no_o set_v any_o positive_a measure_n to_o they_o since_o no_o man_n can_v positive_o define_v what_o the_o exigence_n of_o a_o state_n may_v require_v and_o i_o think_v no_o good_a subject_n ought_v to_o deny_v to_o contribute_v as_o much_o as_o ever_o they_o be_v able_a to_o afford_v to_o maintain_v the_o government_n they_o live_v under_o as_o long_o as_o they_o receive_v the_o protection_n of_o it_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n shall_v the_o supreme_a power_n of_o any_o nation_n where_o the_o people_n be_v not_o mere_a slave_n under_o the_o pretence_n of_o lay_v necessary_a tax_n for_o the_o maintenance_n or_o preservation_n of_o the_o government_n be_v constant_o exact_v from_o the_o people_n more_o than_o they_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v as_o if_o for_o example_n they_o shall_v out_o of_o every_o man_n estate_n take_v nineteen_o part_n and_o leave_v but_o the_o twenty_o for_o the_o subsistance_n of_o those_o that_o own_o it_o i_o do_v not_o think_v in_o that_o case_n the_o people_n be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n to_o pay_v it_o and_o may_v in_o such_o case_n lawful_o resist_v those_o officer_n that_o shall_v come_v to_o levy_v it_o by_o force_n m._n i_o can_v have_v argue_v far_o against_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v concern_v this_o right_n of_o the_o people_n of_o resist_v in_o case_n of_o extravagant_a or_o intolerable_a tax_n but_o since_o it_o be_v not_o to_o the_o subject_a in_o hand_n i_o shall_v refer_v it_o to_o another_o time_n and_o therefore_o to_o return_v where_o i_o leave_v off_o i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n show_v you_o how_o sacred_a
be_v force_v to_o fly_v into_o scotland_n and_o 〈◊〉_d to_o have_v defend_v himself_o with_o 1000_o or_o 1500_o of_o his_o tenant_n and_o follower_n though_o without_o fight_v the_o king_n force_n that_o shall_v have_v be_v seâ—â—_n against_o he_o but_o fly_v into_o the_o highland_n and_o have_v there_o maintain_v himself_o as_o david_n do_v by_o free_a quarter_n or_o contribution_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n till_o his_o father_n die_v will_v not_o this_o have_v be_v cry_v out_o upon_o in_o all_o the_o pulpit_n in_o england_n as_o a_o most_o horrid_a rebellion_n of_o a_o son_n and_o a_o subject_a against_o his_o king_n and_o father_n though_o he_o have_v never_o do_v any_o act_n of_o hostility_n against_o his_o force_n but_o always_o 〈◊〉_d from_o they_o and_o yet_o he_o be_v heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n may_v have_v plead_v as_o well_o as_o david_n that_o he_o keep_v these_o soldier_n about_o he_o only_o to_o keep_v himself_o from_o be_v murder_v by_o those_o officious_a person_n who_o his_o father_n or_o uncle_n may_v send_v to_o apprehend_v he_o and_o to_o have_v such_o a_o retinue_n of_o valiant_a man_n about_o he_o as_o may_v render_v his_o advancement_n to_o the_o throne_n more_o easy_a when_o ever_o his_o father_n shall_v die_v i_o shall_v not_o urge_v as_o a_o far_a proof_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o david_n resistance_n of_o saul_n force_n his_o intention_n to_o have_v slay_v in_o keilah_n and_o to_o have_v fortify_v it_o against_o saul_n have_v not_o he_o be_v inform_v that_o the_o man_n of_o that_o city_n will_v have_v save_v themselves_o by_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o saul_n 23._o since_o i_o confess_v it_o do_v not_o certain_o appear_v by_o the_o text_n whether_o david_n will_v have_v stay_v any_o long_a there_o than_o till_o saul_n have_v approach_v near_o to_o that_o place_n whether_o the_o keilite_n will_v have_v deliver_v he_o up_o or_o not_o much_o less_o shall_v i_o urge_v that_o other_o example_n which_o some_o man_n make_v use_v of_o of_o david_n go_v to_o the_o last_o battle_n against_o saul_n with_o achish_n king_n of_o the_o philistine_n for_o though_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o march_v with_o they_o as_o far_o as_o apbek_n in_o the_o tribe_n of_o issachar_n yet_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v not_o certain_a whether_o he_o real_o intend_v to_o have_v assist_v they_o or_o not_o in_o this_o war_n against_o his_o country_n since_o he_o may_v either_o have_v go_v over_o to_o saul_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o battle_n or_o else_o have_v stand_v neuter_n though_o neither_o of_o they_o will_v have_v be_v very_o honourable_a or_o consonant_a with_o david_n character_n therefore_o i_o shall_v say_v nothing_o of_o this_o since_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o philistine_n for_o fear_n he_o shall_v prove_v aâ—_n adversary_n to_o they_o in_o the_o battle_n make_v he_o retire_v again_o into_o the_o land_n of_o the_o philistine_n 4.8_o though_o he_o seem_v to_o be_v very_o much_o trouble_v to_o be_v so_o disinherit_v that_o he_o may_v not_o fight_v against_o the_o enemy_n of_o that_o king_n who_o have_v so_o good_a a_o opinion_n of_o he_o and_o therefore_o i_o pray_v will_v you_o proceed_v to_o those_o other_o example's_n you_o have_v to_o produce_v out_o of_o the_o old_a testament_n m._n well_o since_o you_o be_v not_o full_o satisfy_v with_o this_o instance_n of_o david_n though_o i_o be_o glad_a you_o allow_v the_o person_n even_o of_o tyrannical_a prince_n to_o be_v sacred_a therefore_o to_o proceed_v in_o the_o story_n solomon_n who_o succeed_v david_n in_o his_o kingdom_n 38._o do_v all_o those_o thing_n which_o god_n have_v express_o forbid_v the_o king_n to_o do_v he_o send_v into_o egypt_n for_o horse_n he_o multiply_v wife_n and_o love_v many_o strange_a woman_n together_o with_o the_o daughter_n of_o pharaoh_n woman_n of_o the_o moabite_n 11.1.10.27_o ammonite_n etc._n etc._n he_o multiply_v silver_n and_o gold_n for_o this_o god_n who_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n of_o sovereign_a prince_n be_v very_o angry_a with_o he_o and_o threaten_v to_o rend_v the_o kingdom_n from_o he_o which_o be_v afterward_o accomplish_v in_o the_o day_n of_o rehoboam_n but_o yet_o this_o do_v not_o give_v authority_n to_o his_o subject_n to_o rebel_n if_o to_o be_v under_o the_o direction_n and_o obligation_n of_o law_n make_v a_o limit_a monarchy_n it_o be_v certain_a the_o kingdom_n of_o israel_n be_v so_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n which_o the_o king_n be_v express_o forbid_v to_o do_v as_o you_o have_v already_o hear_v and_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n be_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o his_o government_n the_o stand_a law_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v command_v when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o throne_n to_o write_v a_o copy_n of_o the_o law_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n 20._o and_o to_o read_v in_o it_o all_o his_o day_n that_o he_o may_v learn_v to_o fear_v the_o lord_n his_o god_n and_o to_o keep_v all_o the_o word_n of_o this_o law_n and_o these_o statute_n to_o do_v they_o and_o yet_o be_v a_o sovereign_a prince_n if_o he_o break_v these_o law_n god_n be_v his_o judge_n and_o avenger_n but_o he_o be_v accountable_a to_o no_o earthly_a tribunal_n nor_o do_v we_o find_v though_o there_o be_v so_o many_o wicked_a and_o idolatrous_a king_n of_o judah_n who_o break_v all_o the_o law_n of_o god_n give_v they_o by_o moses_n that_o ever_o any_o of_o the_o priest_n or_o prophet_n stir_v up_o the_o people_n to_o rebel_n against_o they_o for_o it_o f._n neither_o of_o these_o instance_n do_v reach_v the_o case_n in_o hand_n for_o i_o grant_v that_o neither_o the_o breach_n or_o nonobservance_n of_o these_o precept_n enjoin_v the_o king_n of_o israel_n by_o god_n nor_o yet_o their_o open_a idolatry_n be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n for_o their_o take_n up_o arm_n or_o resist_v their_o king_n in_o so_o do_v since_o those_o be_v offence_n only_o against_o god_n and_o in_o which_o the_o people_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v those_o be_v no_o part_n of_o that_o tacit_fw-la or_o implicit_a compact_n of_o protection_n and_o preservation_n that_o go_v along_o with_o all_o kingdom_n and_o supreme_a power_n whatsoever_o and_o i_o have_v already_o except_v out_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o resistance_n or_o take_v up_o arm_n the_o prince_n be_v of_o a_o different_a religion_n from_o that_o of_o his_o subject_n and_o though_o i_o must_v own_v that_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n be_v under_o the_o direction_n or_o obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n and_o so_o be_v limit_v monarch_n yet_o this_o limitation_n be_v not_o from_o the_o people_n but_o from_o god_n who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o revenge_v the_o breach_n of_o it_o as_o often_o as_o they_o offend_v and_o if_o they_o break_v those_o law_n god_n only_o be_v their_o judge_n and_o avenger_n as_o you_o yourself_o very_o well_o observe_v who_o never_o fail_v severe_o to_o punish_v this_o breach_n of_o his_o law_n nor_o yet_o be_v the_o people_n of_o the_o jew_n always_o so_o nice_a and_o temperate_a as_o you_o make_v they_o for_o beside_o the_o example_n of_o rehoboam_n which_o i_o have_v former_o make_v use_v of_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o 2d_o of_o chronicle_n concern_v amaziah_n who_o when_o he_o turn_v away_o from_o follow_v the_o lord_n 27._o they_o viz._n the_o people_n make_v a_o conspiracy_n against_o he_o in_o jerusalem_n and_o he_o flee_v to_o lachish_n but_o they_o send_v to_o lachish_n after_o he_o and_o slay_v he_o there_o and_o make_v his_o son_n vzziah_n king_n in_o his_o stead_n nor_o do_v we_o read_v that_o any_o be_v punish_v for_o kill_v he_o as_o amâ—ziab_n put_v to_o death_n the_o servant_n of_o his_o father_n king_n joash_n for_o conspire_v against_o he_o as_o it_o be_v relate_v in_o the_o 10_o chap._n of_o the_o 2d_o of_o king_n and_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o same_o 21.10_o book_n that_o the_o city_n of_o libna_n revolt_v which_o sure_o be_v the_o high_a degree_n of_o resistance_n from_o that_o wicked_a king_n jehoram_n who_o have_v slay_v all_o his_o brethren_n with_o the_o sword_n 4.6_o and_o walk_v in_o the_o way_n of_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n as_o do_v the_o house_n of_o ahab_n and_o wrought_v that_o which_o be_v evil_a in_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o lord_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v express_o in_o the_o text_n that_o the_o city_n of_o libna_n revolt_v from_o his_o hand_n because_o he_o have_v forsake_v the_o god_n of_o his_o father_n i_o bring_v not_o these_o instance_n to_o justify_v rebellion_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o it_o be_v sometime_o practise_v among_o the_o jew_n though_o you_o affirm_v to_o the_o contrary_n but_o much_o more_o lawful_a be_v the_o resistance_n which_o azariah_n and_o the_o 80_o priest_n 26._o that_o be_v with_o he_o
absolute_a or_o tyrannical_a soever_o the_o power_n be_v under_o which_o they_o live_v that_o they_o be_v safe_a in_o god_n hand_n and_o all_o the_o power_n of_o man_n and_o devil_n can_v touch_v they_o till_o god_n by_o a_o positive_a decree_n appoint_v and_o order_n their_o suffering_n there_o can_v not_o be_v great_a nor_o more_o absolute_a tyrant_n than_o the_o roman_a emperor_n be_v at_o this_o time_n and_o yet_o they_o have_v no_o power_n over_o the_o mean_a christian_n but_o by_o a_o express_a commission_n from_o heaven_n this_o be_v the_o special_a privilege_n of_o the_o christian_a church_n above_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n that_o they_o be_v god_n peculiar_a care_n and_o charge_n that_o he_o do_v not_o permit_v any_o suffering_n or_o persecution_n to_o befall_v they_o but_o what_o he_o himself_o order_v and_o appoint_v it_o be_v a_o great_a security_n to_o the_o world_n that_o there_o be_v no_o evil_n happen_v to_o man_n but_o what_o god_n permit_v and_o that_o he_o permit_v nothing_o but_o what_o he_o can_v over-rule_v to_o wise_a and_o good_a end_n but_o it_o be_v a_o great_a happiness_n to_o have_v our_o condition_n immediate_o allot_v by_o god_n god_n may_v permit_v a_o great_a many_o evil_n to_o befall_v we_o in_o anger_n and_o displeasure_n but_o when_o he_o take_v we_o into_o his_o immediate_a protection_n and_o under_o his_o own_o government_n whatever_o evil_n he_o appoint_v for_o we_o whoever_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o they_o they_o be_v certain_o for_o our_o good_a and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o such_o danger_n in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o nonresistance_n 90._o as_o some_o man_n imagine_v how_o absolute_a soever_o this_o may_v be_v think_v to_o render_v prince_n sincere_a christian_n can_v suffer_v nothing_o by_o it_o for_o they_o shall_v suffer_v nothing_o more_o nor_o less_o than_o what_o god_n appoint_v for_o they_o to_o suffer_v but_o as_o for_o the_o absurdity_n you_o think_v you_o have_v bring_v i_o to_o by_o grant_v that_o no_o man_n want_v authority_n to_o defend_v his_o own_o life_n against_o he_o who_o have_v no_o authority_n to_o take_v it_o away_o that_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o supreme_a power_n since_o though_o i_o grant_v they_o have_v no_o authority_n to_o take_v away_o man_n life_n contrary_a to_o law_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o we_o may_v resist_v and_o oppose_v they_o if_o they_o do_v this_o i_o absolute_o deny_v because_o god_n have_v express_o command_v we_o not_o to_o resist_v they_o 190.191_o and_o i_o see_v no_o inconsistency_n between_o these_o two_o proposition_n that_o a_o prince_n have_v no_o legal_a authority_n to_o take_v away_o man_n life_n against_o law_n and_o yet_o that_o he_o must_v not_o be_v resist_v when_o he_o do_v so_o for_o both_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o of_o our_o country_n suppose_v these_o two_o to_o be_v very_o consistent_a f._n to_o answer_v this_o long_a speech_n of_o you_o the_o best_a way_n may_v be_v to_o show_v you_o first_o how_o far_o i_o agree_v with_o you_o and_o wherein_o i_o must_v differ_v from_o you_o and_o i_o will_v also_o tell_v you_o what_o reason_n i_o have_v for_o it_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o grant_v that_o though_o our_o saviour_n be_v indeed_o the_o messiah_n and_o true_a king_n of_o the_o jew_n yet_o be_v he_o not_o such_o a_o messiah_n as_o they_o expect_v nor_o be_v he_o to_o have_v a_o temporal_a but_o spiritual_a dominion_n and_o therefore_o will_v not_o be_v such_o a_o king_n though_o the_o jew_n will_v have_v make_v he_o so_o i_o likewise_o yield_v that_o christ_n submit_v to_o the_o most_o unjust_a sentence_n and_o to_o the_o most_o ignominious_a and_o painful_a death_n rather_o than_o he_o will_v resist_v the_o high_a power_n though_o he_o can_v easy_o have_v call_v for_o legion_n of_o angel_n to_o his_o rescue_n as_o also_o that_o he_o rebuke_v peter_n when_o he_o draw_v his_o sword_n in_o his_o defence_n and_o tell_v pilate_n the_o reason_n why_o he_o be_v so_o easy_o apprehend_v and_o without_o any_o resistance_n oâ—_n opposition_n my_o kingdom_n say_v he_o be_v not_o of_o this_o world_n if_o my_o kingdom_n be_v of_o this_o world_n then_o will_v my_o servant_n fight_v that_o i_o shall_v not_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o jew_n but_o now_o be_v my_o kingdom_n not_o from_o hence_o all_o which_o plain_o show_v that_o our_o saviour_n subjection_n be_v no_o matter_n of_o force_n or_o constraint_n because_o he_o want_v power_n to_o resist_v but_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o choice_n that_o which_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v propagate_v by_o carnal_a weapon_n but_o by_o suffering_n yet_o though_o it_o may_v not_o be_v propagate_v sure_o it_o may_v be_v defend_v by_o force_n in_o some_o case_n as_o if_o we_o be_v invade_v by_o a_o foreign_a power_n who_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o religion_n and_o also_o in_o those_o kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n where_o christianity_n or_o the_o true_a profession_n of_o the_o gospel_n be_v establish_v by_o law_n and_o make_v a_o part_n not_o only_o of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a but_o civil_a constitution_n of_o a_o nation_n in_o these_o case_n if_o thoâ—e_v who_o pretend_v to_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n but_o have_v it_o not_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o alter_v the_o national_a religion_n by_o force_n and_o put_v man_n to_o death_n contrary_a to_o the_o former_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o that_o kingdom_n i_o think_v such_o illegal_a power_n may_v lawful_o be_v resist_v by_o the_o people_n they_o have_v as_o much_o right_n to_o the_o free_a exercise_n and_o enjoyment_n of_o their_o establish_a religion_n as_o they_o have_v to_o their_o liberty_n property_n or_o any_o other_o civil_a right_n since_o by_o this_o legal_a establishment_n religion_n become_v a_o part_n of_o the_o civil_a constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o may_v be_v maintain_v by_o the_o same_o mean_n as_o other_o right_n 2_o dly_z i_o grant_v that_o in_o all_o other_o case_n our_o saviour_n have_v so_o far_o propose_v his_o suffering_n to_o we_o for_o our_o imitation_n as_o we_o be_v engage_v by_o our_o baptismal_a vow_n to_o suffer_v in_o the_o same_o cause_n for_o which_o he_o himself_o suffer_v that_o be_v for_o the_o bear_a witness_n that_o jesus_n be_v the_o christ_n or_o true_a messiah_n and_o son_n of_o god_n and_o this_o the_o apostle_n call_v speak_v of_o christ_n himself_n the_o witness_v before_o pontius_n pilate_n a_o good_a confession_n the_o like_a i_o also_o hold_v of_o all_o such_o truth_n as_o be_v the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o this_o great_a doctrine_n 3_o dly_z i_o far_o grant_v that_o when_o our_o god_n call_v any_o person_n to_o suffer_v for_o the_o testimony_n of_o his_o truth_n by_o the_o cruelty_n of_o those_o who_o be_v the_o supreme_a power_n as_o the_o apostle_n and_o primitive_a christian_n be_v by_o a_o particular_a providence_n that_o then_o those_o power_n be_v not_o to_o be_v resist_v but_o patient_o submit_v to_o by_o christian_n at_o this_o day_n whenever_o it_o prove_v necessary_a for_o the_o same_o great_a end_n for_o which_o christ_n at_o first_o enjoin_v it_o viz._n for_o bear_v witness_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o for_o the_o further_a propagation_n thereof_o by_o our_o constant_a suffering_n and_o example_n according_a to_o that_o say_n of_o the_o primitive_a father_n sanguis_fw-la martyrum_fw-la semen_fw-mi ecclesiae_fw-la yet_o be_v not_o this_o absolute_a submission_n to_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o that_o deliver_v to_o moses_n but_o if_o at_o all_o pure_o from_o the_o express_a example_n of_o christ_n so_o that_o all_o the_o difficulty_n lie_v in_o discover_v when_o we_o be_v thus_o call_v by_o our_o saviour_n to_o suffer_v and_o bear_v witness_n to_o the_o truth_n though_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o our_o life_n and_o all_o that_o be_v dear_a to_o we_o and_o therefore_o if_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o when_o ever_o we_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o circumstance_n of_o give_v this_o testimony_n as_o the_o primitive_a christian_n then_o do_v and_o that_o it_o may_v serve_v as_o much_o for_o the_o same_o end_v design_v by_o god_n thereby_o we_o be_v also_o under_o the_o same_o obligation_n otherwise_o i_o think_v we_o be_v lawful_o discharge_v from_o it_o as_o for_o example_n suppose_v the_o king_n shall_v instead_o of_o a_o papist_n have_v turn_v mahometan_n and_o to_o propagate_v or_o set_v up_o his_o own_o abominable_a superstition_n here_o shall_v have_v send_v for_o from_o turkey_n or_o morocco_n a_o great_a army_n of_o turk_n or_o moor_n and_o by_o they_o will_v force_v all_o the_o christian_n in_o england_n to_o turn_v mahometan_n by_o the_o same_o method_n of_o dragoon_a man_n and_o
supreme_a power_n and_o his_o minister_n or_o officer_n as_o powers_z subordinate_a to_o he_o and_o act_v by_o his_o commission_n be_v to_o be_v submit_v to_o and_o obey_v as_o much_o as_o himself_o and_o it_o have_v be_v in_o vain_a for_o st._n peter_n to_o have_v conclude_v this_o exhortation_n with_o fear_n god_n and_o honour_n the_o king_n if_o he_o have_v allow_v it_o lawful_a in_o any_o case_n to_o resist_v he_o since_o certain_o no_o man_n can_v honour_v he_o who_o he_o resist_v and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o doctrine_n everlasting_o true_a appear_v by_o the_o time_n in_o which_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n write_v these_o epistle_n which_o be_v either_o under_o the_o reign_v of_o claudius_n or_o nero_n and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v hardly_o meet_v with_o two_o worse_a man_n or_o more_o cruel_a tyrant_n in_o all_o the_o catalogue_n of_o emperor_n since_o the_o former_a commit_v many_o wicked_a and_o cruel_a thing_n by_o his_o freedman_n and_o officer_n and_o also_o banish_v the_o jew_n and_o christian_n together_o with_o they_o from_o rome_n and_o the_o latter_a be_v so_o notorious_a for_o his_o cruelty_n and_o persecution_n of_o the_o christian_n that_o his_o name_n pass_v into_o a_o proverb_n and_o yet_o these_o be_v the_o high_a power_n to_o who_o the_o apostle_n command_v they_o to_o be_v subject_a from_o whence_o you_o may_v see_v your_o error_n in_o interpret_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o signify_v just_a and_o lawful_a authority_n whereas_o it_o plain_o signify_v in_o this_o place_n the_o man_n vest_v with_o this_o authority_n howsoever_o tyrannical_o they_o abuse_v it_o f._n you_o have_v make_v a_o pretty_a long_a reply_n and_o i_o have_v hear_v it_o patient_o because_o i_o confess_v that_o on_o this_o depend_v the_o whole_a controversy_n between_o we_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v beg_v that_o you_o will_v hear_v i_o with_o the_o like_a patience_n because_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v i_o grant_v to_o be_v of_o that_o weight_n as_o to_o require_v a_o large_a as_o well_o as_o a_o considerable_a reply_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v make_v bold_a to_o consider_v the_o last_o part_n of_o your_o speech_n in_o the_o first_o place_n because_o i_o can_v soon_o dispatch_v it_o as_o for_o your_o argument_n that_o we_o ought_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o most_o tyrannical_a governor_n without_o any_o resistance_n because_o claudius_n or_o nero_n who_o you_o suppose_v to_o be_v cruel_a tyrant_n then_o govern_v the_o empire_n and_o persecute_v the_o christian_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v of_o it_o you_o will_v find_v it_o very_o doubtful_a whether_o st._n paul_n write_v this_o epistle_n to_o the_o roman_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o claudius_n or_o nero._n the_o learned_a mounseur_fw-fr capel_n in_o his_o discourse_n which_o he_o have_v write_v on_o purpose_n concern_v the_o time_n of_o the_o write_n of_o this_o epistle_n prove_v this_o epistle_n to_o the_o roman_n to_o have_v be_v write_v during_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o claudius_n but_o those_o learned_a man_n who_o will_v have_v it_o write_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o nero_n do_v all_o agree_v that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o within_o the_o first_o five_o year_n when_o the_o administration_n of_o affair_n be_v under_o the_o ministry_n of_o seneca_n and_o burrhus_n and_o when_o the_o government_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v most_o just_a and_o moderate_a and_o divers_a year_n before_o ever_o nero_n burn_v the_o city_n or_o persecute_v the_o christian_n and_o do_v so_o many_o extravagant_a cruel_a and_o tyrannical_a action_n as_o force_v the_o senate_n to_o declare_v he_o the_o enemy_n of_o mankind_n but_o as_o for_o claudius_n he_o never_o persecute_v the_o christian_n at_o all_o as_o i_o know_v of_o m._n i_o pray_v sir_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a do_v not_o claudius_n persecute_v the_o christian_n when_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o jew_n he_o banish_v they_o from_o rome_n as_o appear_v by_o act_n the_o eighteen_o when_o aquila_n and_o priscilla_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v italy_n and_o come_v into_o greece_n because_o of_o that_o edict_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v this_o very_a claudius_n to_o who_o st._n peter_n if_o not_o st._n paul_n do_v require_v all_o man_n to_o be_v subject_a without_o any_o resistance_n f._n i_o think_v this_o difficulty_n will_v easy_o be_v answer_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n though_o i_o grant_v that_o claudius_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o reign_n banish_v the_o jew_n from_o rome_n yet_o do_v he_o not_o banish_v the_o christian_n from_o thence_o as_o we_o know_v of_o any_o otherwise_o than_o as_o they_o be_v jew_n by_o nation_n and_o upon_o this_o account_n it_o be_v that_o aquila_n be_v a_o jew_n by_o birth_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v rome_n with_o the_o rest_n but_o neither_o suetonius_n nor_o any_o other_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o likewise_o banish_v the_o christian_n though_o i_o know_v indeed_o there_o be_v some_o learned_a man_n that_o will_v interpret_v this_o passage_n in_o the_o former_a author_n in_o his_o life_n of_o claudius_n judaeos_fw-la tumultuantes_fw-la impulsante_n cresto_n româ_fw-la expulit_fw-la to_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o christian_n be_v expel_v rome_n as_o instigate_v by_o christ_n their_o prophet_n to_o sedition_n but_o though_o i_o own_o that_o our_o saviour_n be_v sometime_o call_v chrestus_n by_o the_o pagan_n by_o way_n of_o contempt_n yet_o that_o by_o this_o chrestus_n here_o mention_v can_v be_v understand_v our_o saviour_n christ_n be_v very_o evident_a for_o it_o have_v be_v very_o improbable_a for_o suetonius_n to_o have_v make_v christ_n who_o be_v dead_a above_o thirty_o year_n before_o to_o have_v excite_v the_o jew_n to_o sedition_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n primate_n usher_n in_o the_o second_o volume_n of_o his_o annal_n with_o much_o better_a reason_n suppose_v that_o not_o our_o saviour_n but_o some_o seditious_a jew_n call_v crestus_n who_o head_v this_o sedition_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o banishment_n of_o the_o jew_n from_o rome_n so_o that_o this_o be_v no_o more_o a_o persecution_n for_o religion_n than_o it_o will_v have_v be_v for_o the_o parliament_n in_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o reign_n during_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o popish_a plot_n to_o have_v banish_v all_o the_o papist_n out_o of_o england_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o former_a rebellion_n and_o constant_a machination_n to_o overturn_v the_o government_n and_o religion_n establish_v by_o law_n but_o suppose_v this_o edict_n to_o have_v banish_v the_o christian_n as_o well_o as_o jew_n it_o have_v signify_v nothing_o for_o it_o be_v no_o persecution_n for_o religion_n and_o beside_o be_v make_v in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o claudius_n it_o be_v but_o a_o temporary_a edict_n and_o we_o find_v the_o jew_n to_o have_v live_v quiet_o at_o rome_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o nero_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o the_o acts._n but_o as_o for_o claudius_n government_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o insupportable_a tyranny_n that_o there_o be_v no_o prince_n that_o do_v take_v more_o care_n to_o do_v impartial_a justice_n according_a to_o that_o small_a capacity_n he_o be_v master_n of_o than_o himself_o and_o though_o i_o yield_v that_o by_o his_o proconsul_n precedent_n and_o freeman_n there_o be_v many_o oppression_n and_o cruelty_n commit_v in_o the_o province_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o against_o some_o private_a man_n and_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o destroy_n and_o enslave_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n who_o during_o his_o reign_n general_o enjoy_v their_o liberty_n and_o property_n with_o as_o great_a freedom_n as_o under_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n and_o as_o for_o nero_n all_o ecclesiastical_a historian_n agree_v that_o if_o this_o epistle_n of_o st._n paul_n be_v write_v in_o his_o reign_n it_o be_v within_o the_o first_o five_o year_n of_o it_o which_o be_v in_o his_o nonage_n under_o the_o administration_n of_o seneca_n and_o burrhus_n during_o which_o time_n all_o the_o historian_n agree_v that_o the_o empire_n be_v never_o better_o govern_v and_o as_o for_o the_o wickedness_n and_o violence_n that_o nero_n commit_v afterward_o when_o he_o persecute_v the_o christian_n murder_v his_o mother_n his_o wife_n and_o most_o of_o his_o best_a and_o most_o intimate_a friend_n and_o set_v the_o city_n on_o fire_n st._n paul_n be_v so_o far_o from_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o they_o that_o sure_o he_o will_v not_o have_v urge_v it_o to_o the_o roman_n as_o a_o reason_n of_o their_o subjection_n to_o he_o that_o ruler_n be_v not_o a_o terror_n to_o good_a work_n but_o to_o the_o evil_a or_o that_o he_o be_v a_o minister_n to_o they_o that_o be_v to_o
these_o christian_n be_v under_o no_o other_o obligation_n to_o non_fw-fr resistance_n than_o what_o the_o particular_a providence_n of_o god_n have_v bring_v they_o to_o as_o these_o french_a protestant_n who_o remain_v still_o in_o france_n be_v now_o under_o that_o be_v obligation_n of_o fear_n and_o not_o of_o mere_a conscience_n and_o as_o for_o your_o example_n of_o the_o thebaean_a legion_n though_o it_o be_v true_a they_o may_v have_v sell_v their_o life_n dear_a before_o they_o have_v be_v kill_v yet_o will_v this_o resistance_n have_v serve_v they_o to_o little_a purpose_n against_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n which_o may_v consist_v of_o 30_o or_o 40000_o man_n all_o heathen_a and_o head_v by_o the_o emperor_n himself_o but_o what_o if_o after_o all_o this_o stir_n about_o this_o story_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v true_a for_o eusebius_n and_o socrates_n who_o live_v near_o the_o time_n in_o which_o this_o action_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v do_v make_v no_o mention_n at_o 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use_n and_o when_o our_o religion_n be_v establish_v by_o such_o law_n as_o the_o king_n himself_o can_v abrogate_v or_o dispense_v with_o i_o utter_o deny_v and_o certain_o if_o you_o be_v not_o very_o much_o blind_v with_o the_o prejudice_n of_o these_o notion_n of_o passive-obedience_n and_o non_fw-fr resistance_n you_o will_v not_o leave_v all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n at_o the_o mercy_n of_o a_o popish_a king_n to_o be_v dragoon_v out_o of_o their_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n as_o the_o protestant_n have_v be_v in_o france_n and_o savoy_n whenever_o the_o king_n shall_v please_v to_o put_v they_o to_o that_o severe_a trial_n m._n you_o have_v give_v i_o a_o very_o long_o and_o i_o wish_v i_o can_v say_v a_o satisfactory_a answer_n and_o i_o see_v provide_v it_o will_v serve_v your_o turn_n you_o do_v not_o value_v how_o much_o you_o vilify_v the_o suffering_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n by_o make_v they_o not_o of_o ability_n to_o make_v any_o considerable_a resistance_n if_o they_o will_v though_o tertullian_n express_o affirm_v the_o contrary_a and_o so_o you_o likewise_o take_v upon_o you_o to_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o a_o late_a dâ—ctor_n and_o to_o question_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o story_n of_o the_o thebaean_a legion_n which_o though_o it_o may_v not_o be_v commit_v to_o write_v before_o eucherius_n publish_v it_o yet_o may_v be_v very_o well_o have_v receive_v a_o faithful_a account_n of_o this_o matter_n either_o by_o tradition_n or_o by_o some_o private_a memorial_n that_o may_v be_v keep_v of_o it_o in_o that_o church_n since_o they_o suffer_v this_o martyrdom_n not_o far_o from_o octodurum_n a_o place_n now_o call_v martinach_n in_o vallaâ—s_n a_o part_n of_o switzerland_n and_o not_o far_o from_o lion_n so_o that_o he_o may_v very_o well_o have_v a_o sufficient_a information_n of_o such_o a_o remarkable_a action_n as_o this_o be_v nor_o do_v what_o you_o say_v savour_v less_o of_o a_o latitudinarian_a principle_n 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reward_v we_o for_o our_o patient_n suffer_v of_o they_o in_o the_o life_n to_o come_v f._n i_o think_v i_o may_v without_o any_o crime_n question_v the_o truth_n of_o tertullian_n account_n of_o the_o power_n the_o christian_n have_v to_o make_v any_o considerable_a resistance_n in_o his_o time_n for_o sure_a he_o may_v be_v out_o in_o such_o a_o nice_a matter_n of_o fact_n since_o he_o can_v be_v guilty_a of_o such_o gross_a error_n in_o point_n of_o doctrine_n for_o before_o he_o turn_v mortanist_n he_o be_v like_o our_o quaker_n and_o think_v all_o resistance_n of_o what_o kind_n soever_o unlawful_a and_o therefore_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o apologetic_n idem_fw-la sumus_fw-la imperatoribus_fw-la qui_fw-la &_o vicinis_fw-la no_o 〈◊〉_d and_o a_o little_a after_o quodeunque_fw-la enim_fw-la non_fw-la licet_fw-la in_o imperatorem_fw-la â—d_a nec_fw-la in_o quenqâ—â—m_fw-la and_o he_o likewise_o condemn_v all_o â—light_n in_o time_n of_o persecution_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o treatise_n he_o write_v upon_o that_o subject_a and_o as_o for_o the_o bare_a practice_n of_o primitive_a christian_n they_o be_v not_o of_o any_o general_a bind_a example_n to_o we_o unless_o the_o principle_n they_o go_v upon_o be_v true_a since_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o many_o of_o they_o suffer_v death_n out_o of_o a_o pure_a desire_n of_o martyrdom_n of_o which_o sulpitius_n severus_n tell_v we_o they_o be_v more_o covetous_a than_o man_n be_v in_o his_o time_n of_o bishopric_n in_o so_o much_o that_o it_o be_v a_o common_a thing_n even_o for_o woman_n and_o boy_n to_o offer_v themselves_o to_o voluntary_a martyrdom_n that_o the_o council_n of_o be_v force_v to_o make_v a_o decree_n on_o purpose_n to_o forbid_v it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o story_n of_o the_o thebaean_a legion_n it_o not_o be_v record_v by_o any_o writer_n of_o the_o age_n in_o which_o it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v do_v i_o think_v a_o man_n may_v very_o well_o question_v its_o reality_n 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mr._n lambard_n i_o ina_n by_o or_o with_o god_n gift_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n with_o the_o advice_n or_o council_n of_o cenred_n my_o father_n and_o head_n my_o bishop_n and_o ercenwold_n my_o bishop_n and_o with_o my_o alderman_n and_o elder_a wites_z or_o wiseman_n of_o my_o kingdom_n do_v command_v etc._n etc._n then_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n the_o king_n speak_v in_o the_o first_o person_n plural_a we_o bid_v or_o command_v that_o all_o our_o people_n shall_v after_o hold_v fast_o or_o observe_v these_o law_n and_o doom_n from_o this_o preface_n you_o may_v observe_v i._o that_o king_n be_v the_o gift_n of_o god_n and_o that_o god_n gift_n signify_v the_o same_o with_o dei_fw-la gratia_n they_o be_v not_o the_o creature_n of_o the_o people_n 2._o that_o prince_n or_o the_o better_a government_n of_o their_o people_n in_o the_o settle_v of_o law_n in_o church_n and_o state_n do_v then_o consult_v deliberate_a and_o advise_v with_o their_o bishop_n noblemen_z and_o 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law_n he_o please_v the_o next_o material_a illustration_n where_o the_o legislative_a power_n then_o reside_v may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a where_o after_o the_o charge_v give_v to_o the_o judge_n the_o first_o law_n begin_v i_o will_v and_o so_o in_o other_o in_o the_o four_o it_o be_v thus_o express_v edward_n the_o king_n with_o his_o wit_n that_o be_v at_o exeter_n strict_o enquire_v by_o what_o mean_v it_o may_v be_v better_o provide_v for_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o 2d_o and_o 3d._n chap._n it_o be_v we_o also_o declare_v pronounce_v or_o sentence_n and_o in_o the_o seven_o and_o i_o will_n in_o which_o law_n we_o have_v none_o mention_v with_o the_o king_n but_o his_o wit_n and_o his_o command_v will_v or_o pronounce_v in_o the_o imperative_a mood_n be_v observable_a the_o next_o law_n i_o find_v 396._o be_v those_o of_o king_n athelstan_n which_o begin_v thus_o i_o athelstan_n king_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o 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worldly_a constitution_n that_o i_o will_v with_o my_o wites_z advice_n that_o man_n hold_v all_o over_o england_n in_o most_o of_o the_o chapter_n it_o be_v say_v we_o teach_v we_o bid_v or_o command_v we_o forbid_v and_o in_o the_o conclusion_n it_o be_v in_o the_o single_a person_n of_o the_o king_n now_o i_o command_v all_o and_o bid_v every_o man_n in_o god_n name_n and_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o latin_a version_n of_o they_o sai_z haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la instituta_fw-la cnude_v regis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la dacorum_n norwegarum_fw-la vene_z rando_fw-la saplentum_fw-la concilio_n ejus_fw-la ad_fw-la laudem_fw-la &_o gloriam_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o svam_fw-la regalitatem_fw-la etc._n etc._n of_o this_o canutus_n william_n of_o malmsbury_n say_v that_o he_o command_v to_o be_v observe_v for_o ever_o 11_o all_o the_o law_n of_o ancient_a king_n especial_o those_o make_v by_o king_n ethelred_n his_o predecessor_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o king_n fine_a to_o the_o observe_v of_o 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the_o counsel_n and_o consent_n as_o well_o of_o the_o prelate_n as_o the_o temporal_a lord_n be_v account_v necessary_a in_o pass_v of_o all_o act_n of_o grace_n and_o favour_n to_o the_o people_n because_o that_o have_v many_o royalty_n and_o large_a immunity_n of_o their_o own_o a_o more_o near_a relation_n to_o the_o person_n and_o a_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n nothing_o shall_v pass_v unto_o the_o prejudice_n and_o diminution_n of_o their_o own_o estate_n or_o the_o disable_n of_o the_o king_n to_o support_v his_o sovereignty_n f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v give_v a_o plausible_a account_n concern_v the_o government_n of_o william_n i._n who_o you_o call_v the_o conqueror_n whereas_o if_o it_o be_v more_o exact_o look_v into_o it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o he_o have_v no_o more_o power_n of_o make_v law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n neither_o have_v he_o any_o such_o 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the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o england_n and_o for_o the_o residue_n be_v additional_a to_o supply_v some_o defect_n of_o the_o common_a law_n so_o that_o the_o learned_a chancellor_n fortescue_n have_v very_o good_a reason_n to_o affirm_v in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr â—audibus_fw-la legum_fw-la angliae_fw-la that_o it_o be_v then_o govern_v in_o all_o king_n time_n by_o the_o same_o law_n and_o custom_n as_o it_o be_v now_o with_o who_o likewise_o agree_v one_o of_o his_o learned_a successor_n 110._o the_o late_a earl_n of_o clarendon_n in_o his_o survey_n of_o the_o leviâ—than_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o those_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v before_o the_o conquest_n be_v the_o same_o which_o this_o nation_n or_o kingdom_n have_v be_v ever_o since_o govern_v by_o to_o this_o day_n and_o as_o for_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n regranted_n and_o confirm_v they_o yet_o be_v it_o no_o more_o than_o what_o he_o be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n and_o honour_n to_o perform_v and_o observe_v since_o he_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o general_n consent_v of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n and_o at_o his_o coronation_n as_o well_o as_o afterward_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o by_o the_o way_n though_o these_o law_n be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n yet_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n long_o since_o observe_v that_o they_o be_v call_v his_o law_n non_fw-la quâ—â—ulit_fw-la sed_fw-la quas_fw-la observaverit_fw-la that_o be_v he_o have_v only_o collect_v they_o into_o one_o body_n and_o ratify_v they_o with_o the_o assent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n and_o that_o these_o law_n be_v more_o than_o once_o swear_v to_o and_o confirm_v by_o king_n william_n himself_o appear_v by_o the_o story_n of_o frederick_n abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n who_o fright_v he_o into_o a_o confirmation_n of_o they_o by_o oath_n for_o fear_v of_o a_o general_a insurrection_n of_o the_o people_n so_o that_o if_o he_o or_o his_o son_n rufus_n make_v any_o breâ—ches_n upon_o their_o liberty_n they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v ex_fw-la post_fw-la liminio_fw-la restore_v to_o they_o by_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_n of_o hen._n i._n k._n stephen_n k._n hen._n ii_o k._n john_n and_o k._n hen._n the_o iii_o and_o those_o oppression_n contrary_a thereunto_o be_v brand_v by_o all_o historian_n as_o notorious_a perjury_n and_o wrong_n to_o the_o subject_n but_o that_o king_n william_n the_o first_o alter_v nothing_o material_a in_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n whatever_o he_o may_v do_v in_o some_o less_o material_a custom_n or_o law_n which_o he_o bring_v with_o he_o out_o of_o his_o own_o country_n appear_v plain_o by_o this_o which_o you_o can_v deny_v that_o he_o often_o assemble_v his_o great_a council_n as_o his_o english_a predecessor_n have_v do_v and_o that_o in_o they_o be_v dispatch_v all_o the_o great_a 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clergy_n and_o people_n or_o laity_n be_v the_o same_o person_n and_o only_o expressive_a of_o one_o another_o and_o all_o have_v vote_n in_o this_o election_n m._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o conqueror_n do_v often_o assemble_v great_a council_n of_o his_o bishop_n and_o great_a lord_n common_o call_v in_o historian_n principes_fw-la or_o primate_fw-la p._n yet_o i_o think_v i_o may_v bold_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v no_o englishman_n in_o those_o council_n or_o that_o they_o make_v any_o law_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o englishman_n who_o be_v keep_v under_o by_o those_o norman_n who_o then_o enjoy_v their_o estate_n much_o less_o be_v there_o any_o such_o thing_n as_o commons_o either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n in_o those_o assembly_n which_o then_o consist_v whole_o of_o the_o king_n be_v feudal_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o of_o no_o other_o as_o dr._n b._n have_v very_o plain_o show_v we_o and_o when_o king_n william_n make_v law_n it_o be_v much_o to_o be_v doubt_v whether_o he_o make_v they_o so_o much_o as_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n or_o not_o for_o the_o title_n to_o the_o french_a and_o latin_a copy_n of_o his_o law_n run_v thus_o put_v into_o english_a 206._o these_o be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o william_n the_o king_n grant_v to_o all_o his_o people_n of_o england_n after_o the_o conquest_n or_o subdue_a of_o the_o land_n they_o be_v the_o same_o which_o edward_n the_o king_n his_o kinsman_n before_o he_o observe_v in_o this_o preface_n we_o have_v only_o to_o note_n that_o the_o law_n be_v express_o say_v to_o be_v the_o king_n grant_n and_o the_o supplemental_a law_n write_v in_o the_o red_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n be_v by_o way_n of_o charter_n or_o grant_v thus_o wilhelmus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la salutem_fw-la
and_o all_o along_o the_o authoritative_a part_n be_v express_v by_o statuimus_fw-la volumus_fw-la interdicimus_fw-la probibemus_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la so_o that_o by_o these_o expression_n in_o his_o law_n the_o absolute_a sovereignty_n of_o the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o point_n of_o law-giving_a be_v manifest_a i_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o a_o very_a few_o authority_n because_o the_o matter_n be_v so_o plain_a ordoricus_n vitalis_n say_v thus_o eamque_fw-la i._n e._n england_n gulielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la suis_fw-la legibus_fw-la commodò_fw-la subegit_fw-la 853._o and_o eadmâ—r_o contemporary_a with_o the_o conqueror_n in_o his_o history_n thus_o 6._o usus_fw-la atque_fw-la leges_fw-la quas_fw-la patres_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la in_o normannia_n solebâ—nt_fw-la in_fw-it anglia_fw-it scribere_fw-la volens_fw-la cuncta_fw-la divina_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o humana_fw-la ejus_fw-la nutum_fw-la expectabant_fw-la from_o whence_o you_o may_v see_v that_o all_o matter_n as_o well_o 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grant_n and_o authority_n though_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v grant_v in_o a_o great_a council_n so_o likewise_o in_o florence_n of_o worcester_n we_o find_v that_o in_o 28_o the_o of_o hen._n i._n that_o king_n confirm_v the_o act_n of_o a_o synod_n or_o council_n of_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o province_n of_o canterbury_n 503._o and_o give_v his_o royal_a assent_n to_o they_o as_o for_o king_n stephen_n though_o he_o be_v a_o notorious_a usurper_n and_o set_v up_o 215._o and_o crown_v by_o a_o faction_n of_o bishop_n and_o some_o few_o temporal_a lord_n and_o that_o not_o long_o after_o his_o coronation_n he_o in_o a_o great_a council_n at_o oxford_n grant_v to_o all_o his_o subject_n another_o charter_n of_o divers_a privilege_n and_o freedom_n from_o the_o former_a exaction_n yet_o the_o word_n of_o the_o charter_n be_v in_o his_o own_o name_n and_o by_o his_o own_o authority_n sole_o as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n observari_fw-la praecipio_fw-la &_o constituo_fw-la but_o richard_n prior_n of_o hexham_n alias_o hagulstad_v in_o his_o chronicle_n close_v his_o charter_n thus_o 1136._o haec_fw-la omne_fw-la concedo_fw-la &_o confirmo_fw-la salva_fw-la regius_fw-la &_o justa_fw-la dignitate_fw-la mea_fw-la from_o which_o word_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o never_o mean_v to_o part_v with_o any_o of_o the_o just_a and_o necessary_a prerogative_n of_o his_o crown_n 54._o so_o likewise_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o in_o a_o great_a or_o general_a council_n hold_v at_o london_n confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n grant_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o his_o grandfather_n but_o this_o charter_n also_o run_v whole_o in_o the_o king_n be_v own_o name_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o its_o be_v assent_v to_o either_o by_o the_o bishop_n or_o noble_n and_o as_o for_o the_o constitution_n make_v at_o the_o great_a council_n of_o clarendon_n though_o that_o king_n make_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n with_o all_o the_o clergy_n as_o also_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o 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constiâ—uit_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o they_o be_v in_o this_o historian_n show_v that_o the_o king_n then_o have_v sole_o the_o authoritative_a power_n of_o pass_v all_o consultation_n of_o these_o council_n into_o bind_a law_n even_o where_o money_n be_v to_o be_v levy_v on_o the_o subject_n and_o that_o seizure_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o their_o estate_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o more_o troublesome_a and_o perplex_a reign_n of_o king_n john_n in_o which_o there_o be_v many_o great_a council_n hold_v yet_o i_o shall_v instance_n but_o in_o some_o few_o of_o they_o mention_v in_o mat._n paris_n 201._o as_o that_o of_o st._n alban_n hold_v by_o jeffery_n fitzpeter_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n in_o this_o king_n absence_n where_o ex_fw-la parte_fw-la regis_fw-la it_o be_v firm_o enjoin_v under_o penalty_n of_o life_n and_o limb_n that_o the_o law_n of_o king_n henry_n his_o grandfather_n shall_v be_v keep_v by_o all_o in_o his_o kingdom_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o law_n have_v their_o force_n only_o from_o the_o king_n authority_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o expression_n ex_fw-la parte_fw-la regis_fw-la firmiâ—er_fw-la est_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la and_o when_o afterward_o at_o runningmead_n he_o be_v compel_v to_o sign_v the_o first_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la i_o own_v it_o be_v do_v in_o a_o great_a council_n of_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n as_o well_o those_o who_o stand_v for_o he_o as_o against_o he_o yet_o that_o it_o proceed_v whole_o from_o his_o own_o good_a will_n be_v plain_a from_o the_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n of_o this_o king_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n ad_fw-la emendationem_fw-la regui_fw-la nostri_fw-la spontanea_fw-la &_o bona_fw-la voluntate_fw-la nostra_fw-la dedianus_fw-la concessimus_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o haredibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la have_v libertates_fw-la subscriptas_fw-la from_o all_o which_o charter_n of_o liberty_n we_o may_v conclude_v 211._o that_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o people_n be_v draw_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o charter_n and_o pass_v under_o the_o king_n seal_n as_o his_o mere_a voluntary_a free_a grant_n and_o concession_n without_o their_o vote_n suffrage_n and_o authority_n and_o sometime_o such_o right_n or_o liberty_n have_v be_v bestow_v and_o declare_v by_o our_o king_n by_o way_n of_o answer_n to_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o that_o this_o custom_n be_v not_o yet_o discontinue_v appear_v by_o the_o answer_n of_o k._n charles_n the_o first_o to_o the_o petition_n of_o right_n when_o no_o other_o answer_n will_v please_v the_o commons_o but_o the_o king_n be_v express_v assent_n to_o their_o petition_n in_o these_o word_n sole_a droâ—â—t_a faict_n comme_fw-fr esâ—_n desire_v but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o f._n i_o beseech_v you_o sir_n give_v i_o leave_v now_o to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v already_o allege_v out_o of_o our_o hiâ—â—oâ—iâ—ns_n for_o the_o supreme_a and_o absolute_a power_n of_o our_o king_n before_o we_o proceed_v further_o to_o less_o obscure_a time_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o you_o have_v in_o this_o long_a speech_n of_o you_o make_v use_v of_o all_o the_o artifice_n of_o a_o advocate_n for_o a_o party_n viz._n in_o urge_v all_o that_o can_v any_o way_n make_v for_o you_o and_o sly_o pass_v over_o whatsoever_o may_v make_v against_o you_o and_o to_o begin_v with_o your_o story_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o dispute_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o englishman_n in_o those_o great_a council_n or_o whether_o they_o consist_v only_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o i_o shall_v defer_v that_o question_n till_o anon_o but_o as_o for_o the_o english_a you_o have_v put_v upon_o the_o french_a title_n of_o the_o law_n of_o this_o king_n it_o be_v not_o fair_o render_v for_o in_o the_o french_a it_o be_v apres_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n dâ—_n la_fw-fr â—erre_fw-fr which_o do_v not_o always_o signify_v a_o subdue_a by_o force_n but_o by_o any_o other_o way_n of_o acquisition_n different_a
particular_o to_o the_o 55_o the_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o part_n of_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v it_o begin_v thus_o volumus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ac_fw-la firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarchiae_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeaâ—t_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o pâ—ssessiones_fw-la svas_fw-la bene_fw-la &_o in_o pace_n libere_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la exactione_n injusta_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la tallagio_n ita_fw-la quod_fw-la nihil_fw-la ab_fw-la ois_fw-la exigatur_fw-la vel_fw-la capiatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la servitium_n suum_fw-la liberum_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la nobis_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la &_o facere_fw-la tenentur_fw-la &_o prout_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la eye_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v do_v at_o any_o time_n contrary_a to_o this_o statute_n be_v illegal_a and_o consequent_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v quote_v as_o any_o part_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n but_o that_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n have_v divers_a right_n and_o liberty_n before_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n and_o of_o his_o grant_v that_o charter_n appear_v by_o its_o conclusion_n in_o these_o word_n 30._o salvis_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la templariis_fw-la hospitalarâ—is_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la tam_fw-la ecclesiasticis_fw-la personis_fw-la quam_fw-la secâ—laribus_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la quas_fw-la prius_fw-la habâ—erunt_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liberty_n grant_v by_o this_o charter_n though_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v grant_v from_o the_o king_n be_v mere_a good_a will_n yet_o that_o be_v recite_v only_o to_o make_v it_o more_o strong_a against_o himself_o since_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n claim_v those_o liberty_n as_o their_o ancient_a undoubted_a right_n and_o the_o same_o author_n as_o i_o have_v already_o hint_v express_o tell_v we_o 254._o that_o this_o charter_n contain_v maxima_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la leges_fw-la antiquas_fw-la and_o a_o little_a low_o he_o relate_v where_o those_o liberty_n be_v to_o be_v find_v capitula_fw-la quoque_fw-la legum_fw-la &_o libertatum_fw-la quae_fw-la ibi_fw-la magnates_fw-la confirmari_fw-la quaerebant_fw-la partim_fw-la in_o charta_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la superius_fw-la scripta_fw-la sunt_fw-la partimque_fw-la ex_fw-la legibus_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la aâ—â—iquis_fw-la excerpta_fw-la so_o that_o they_o be_v not_o only_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o king_n be_v mere_a grace_n and_o favour_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o if_o you_o please_v now_o to_o descend_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o so_o downward_o from_o which_o time_n our_o elder_a print_a statute_n bear_v date_n let_v we_o see_v if_o i_o can_v answer_v all_o those_o argument_n which_o 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cancellarius_fw-la thesaurarius_fw-la barones_n soaccarii_fw-la justiâ—iarii_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la londin_n 9_o existente_fw-la convenirent_fw-la i_o can_v give_v you_o many_o more_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o but_o two_o more_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o council_n in_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v the_o king_n be_v ordinary_a privy_a council_n 97._o the_o first_o be_v in_o placit_fw-la parliament_n 2_o edw._n 3._o in_o a_o cause_n betwixt_o thomas_n fitz-peter_n and_o alienora_n wife_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr mowbray_n coram_fw-la rege_fw-la the_o record_n be_v long_o but_o conclude_v thus_o to_o the_o justice_n et_fw-la si_fw-la difficultas_fw-la aliqua_fw-la subfuerit_fw-la quare_fw-la praemissa_fw-la facere_fw-la non_fw-la possâ—tis_fw-la tunâ—_n placitum_fw-la illâ—â—d_fw-la usque_fw-la in_o prox._n parliamentum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la udjornetis_fw-gr ut_fw-la ibidem_fw-la â—unc_fw-la inde_fw-la 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will_v not_o affirm_v that_o the_o ecclesiastical_a authority_n of_o bishop_n as_o to_o their_o right_n of_o meet_v in_o public_a synod_n or_o council_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o crown_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o sense_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v no_o more_o then_o that_o all_o such_o jurisdiction_n be_v immediate_o derive_v from_o the_o king_n though_o original_o from_o the_o people_n which_o fortesove_n call_v potestatem_fw-la à _fw-la populo_fw-la effuxiam_fw-la and_o by_o they_o entrust_v with_o he_o as_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n to_o distribute_v it_o to_o all_o inferior_a court_n which_o yet_o he_o can_v at_o this_o day_n create_v anew_o without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o that_o this_o will_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n themselves_o since_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o prove_v by_o undeniable_a testimony_n that_o that_o constitution_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o english_a nation_n itself_o m._n i_o see_v you_o have_v a_o 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that_o because_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n as_o likewise_o divers_a of_o his_o predecessor_n do_v nominate_v bishop_n to_o see_v therefore_o they_o do_v likewise_o receive_v from_o they_o all_o the_o authority_n they_o have_v of_o appear_v and_o act_v in_o general_a council_n which_o i_o be_o sure_a you_o be_v too_o good_a a_o church_n of_o england_n man_n to_o affirm_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o do_v so_o close_o examine_v the_o ancient_a form_n of_o confer_v of_o bishopric_n before_o the_o conquest_n as_o i_o find_v you_o have_v do_v and_o i_o will_v better_o examine_v your_o authority_n and_o if_o i_o find_v this_o custom_n to_o have_v be_v constant_a and_o uniform_a i_o shall_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n though_o i_o doubt_v it_o will_v not_o prove_v to_o have_v be_v so_o general_a as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o since_o by_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v out_o of_o mat._n paris_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n who_o give_v leave_v 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the_o alderman_n or_o burgess_n of_o town_n represent_v those_o which_o we_o now_o call_v the_o commons_o and_o suppose_v that_o then_o there_o be_v no_o knight_n of_o shire_n yet_o these_o be_v then_o the_o only_a proprietor_n of_o any_o considerable_a estate_n of_o land_n in_o the_o nation_n may_v very_o well_o represent_v all_o their_o vassal_n or_o vnder-tenent_n as_o tenant_n for_o year_n and_o at_o will_n be_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n though_o they_o have_v no_o vote_n at_o their_o election_n to_o conclude_v though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o king_n be_v of_o england_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o that_o honour_n which_o we_o call_v peerage_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o in_o pursuance_n of_o that_o ancient_a constitution_n which_o their_o ancestor_n bring_v out_o of_o old_a saxony_n and_o normandy_n along_o with_o they_o as_o the_o firm_a defence_n of_o kingly_a power_n against_o the_o insolency_n and_o encroachment_n of_o the_o common_a or_o mean_a sort_n of_o 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brady_n have_v very_o well_o prove_v against_o mr._n petyt_n and_o i_o think_v i_o can_v convince_v you_o also_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o by_o he_o as_o well_o as_o other_o argument_n be_v it_o not_o now_o too_o late_o to_o enter_v upon_o so_o long_a a_o subject_a f._n therefore_o pray_v let_v we_o defer_v any_o further_a discourse_n of_o this_o question_n till_o the_o next_o time_n we_o meet_v wherein_o i_o hope_v i_o may_v show_v you_o that_o if_o you_o owe_v that_o opinion_n to_o the_o doctor_n argument_n he_o have_v lead_v you_o into_o a_o very_a gross_a mistake_n and_o i_o shall_v only_o at_o present_a take_v my_o leave_n of_o you_o and_o bid_v you_o good_a night_n m._n i_o wish_v you_o the_o like_a advertisement_n a_o brief_a discourse_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n according_a to_o the_o principle_n and_o method_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o reverend_n dr._n cumberland_n now_o lord_n bishop_n of_o peterborough_n latin_a treatise_n on_o that_o subject_a as_o also_o his_o confutation_n of_o mr._n hobb_n principle_n put_v into_o another_o method_n with_o the_o right_n reverend_a author_n approbation_n finis_fw-la bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n whether_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n represent_v by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o parliament_n be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o or_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n collect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a dialogue_n the_o six_o london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o may_v be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o and_o five_o dialogue_n 1693._o author_n make_v use_v of_o and_o how_o denote_v 1._o mr._n pettit_n ancient_n right_o of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n asserted_n p.r.c._n 2._o dr._n brady_n answer_n thereunto_o edit_fw-la in_o folio_n b._n a._n p._n 3._o the_o say_v doctor_n be_v glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o b._n g._n 4._o anamadversion_n upon_o treatise_n janii_n anglorum_fw-la force_n novo_fw-la b._n a._n i._n 5._o the_o author_n of_o janus_n etc._n etc._n his_o confutation_n of_o the_o say_a doctor_n entitle_v janus_n anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antique_a i._n a._n a._n 6._o dr._n brady_n preface_n to_o his_o history_n b._n p._n h._n 7._o dr._n iohnston_n excellency_n of_o monarchical_a government_n i._o e._n m._n g._n the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n have_v in_o my_o last_o discourse_n treat_v of_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o also_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o our_o english_a government_n by_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o former_a of_o which_o question_n i_o shall_v scarce_o have_v dwell_v so_o long_o upon_o have_v i_o then_o know_v of_o a_o learned_a treatise_n now_o 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v publish_v on_o that_o subject_a i_o be_o at_o last_o arrive_v at_o the_o hard_a and_o most_o important_a though_o perhaps_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o some_o the_o dry_a and_o most_o unpleasant_a part_n of_o my_o task_n viz._n who_o be_v ancient_o the_o constituent_a part_n or_o order_n of_o man_n who_o make_v up_o thâ—se_a assembly_n that_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o chief_z thanes_z or_o baron_n be_v principal_a member_n be_v grant_v by_o all_o party_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v from_o the_o very_a original_a of_o these_o great_a council_n nay_o till_o long_o after_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n any_o representative_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o we_o now_o call_v they_o in_o distinction_n from_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a be_v a_o doubt_n which_o as_o it_o be_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v find_v first_o raise_v by_o a_o italian_a virgil._n who_o write_v the_o history_n of_o england_n in_o the_o last_o age_n so_o have_v it_o be_v continue_v by_o some_o antiquary_n of_o our_o present_a age_n though_o the_o first_o that_o ever_o appear_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a be_v a_o treatise_n publish_v by_o james_n howel_n in_o the_o cottoni_fw-la posthuma_n under_o the_o name_n of_o sir_n robert_n cotton_n about_o 1654._o but_o whether_o it_o be_v he_o or_o no_o i_o know_v not_o only_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o by_o mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o collection_n of_o record_n which_o he_o publish_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o same_o author_n in_o 1657._o and_o after_o he_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o sole_a representative_a for_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o those_o council_n be_v next_o print_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n parliamentum_fw-la where_o king_n john_n charter_n be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o the_o main_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o assertion_n the_o next_o who_o appear_v in_o prâ—nt_n on_o
prolix_a already_o which_o the_o abuse_v your_o dr._n have_v put_v upon_o these_o word_n will_v not_o permit_v i_o to_o avoid_v but_o now_o we_o have_v clear_v most_o of_o the_o term_n in_o dispute_n between_o we_o i_o hope_v we_o may_v proceed_v with_o great_a certainty_n m._n though_o your_o discourse_n have_v be_v long_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v so_o essential_o necessary_a to_o the_o right_a understanding_n the_o matter_n in_o hand_n i_o be_o well_o satisfy_v and_o i_o shall_v more_o full_o consider_v the_o account_n you_o give_v of_o these_o word_n another_o time_n but_o a_o present_a give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o suppose_v i_o shall_v admit_v that_o those_o word_n on_o which_o you_o have_v now_o give_v interpretation_n of_o divers_a author_n may_v sometime_o be_v take_v in_o the_o sense_n you_o have_v now_o put_v upon_o they_o and_o that_o consequent_o the_o commons_o may_v be_v represent_v under_o some_o of_o those_o general_a name_n yet_o be_o i_o not_o satisfy_v 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〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d only_o consist_v and_o we_o have_v at_o this_o day_n the_o judge_n and_o king_n council_n and_o other_o great_a lawyer_n that_o sit_v in_o the_o lord_n house_n and_o be_v assistant_n to_o the_o parliament_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n nor_o have_v you_o yet_o bring_v any_o proof_n that_o the_o city_n or_o town_n then_o send_v their_o representative_n to_o the_o great_a council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n by_o this_o or_o any_o other_o title_n but_o as_o for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n though_o i_o grant_v the_o treatise_n call_v modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la mention_n such_o person_n to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n ethelred_n yet_o by_o that_o word_n parliament_n so_o often_o use_v by_o the_o author_n of_o that_o treatise_n and_o divers_a other_o circumstance_n it_o may_v be_v easy_o perceive_v that_o the_o author_n live_v but_o about_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 3._o or_o rich._n 2._o as_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o animadversion_n to_o sir_n e._n cook_n be_v four_o institutes_n have_v very_o full_o prove_v so_o that_o admit_v that_o your_o thanes_z or_o lord_n of_o town_n do_v then_o appear_v in_o those_o council_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n yet_o can_v they_o not_o be_v proper_o say_v to_o be_v their_o representative_n because_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o they_o be_v never_o choose_v by_o they_o whereas_o now_o the_o ordinary_a freeholder_n of_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n and_o the_o freeman_n and_o inhabitant_n in_o city_n and_o town_n have_v the_o grâ—â—test_a share_n in_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o as_o for_o those_o thanes_z you_o mention_v they_o or_o those_o under_o who_o they_o claim_v owe_v their_o estate_n whole_o to_o the_o grant_n of_o former_a king_n and_o hold_v their_o possession_n from_o they_o by_o some_o tenure_n or_o other_o and_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o tenure_n it_o be_v that_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v liable_a even_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n to_o those_o three_o service_n ancient_o call_v trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la viz._n expediâ—â—â—_n castelli_n &_o pontis_fw-la extructio_fw-la that_o be_v military_a service_n against_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n and_o the_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o common_a service_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o the_o earl_n and_o chief_z thanes_z do_v hold_v their_o land_n by_o knight_n or_o military_a service_n appear_v by_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o thanes_z exâ—â—rest_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n cnut_n in_o sir_n h._n spelman_n council_n so_o that_o if_o all_o the_o person_n who_o hold_v those_o land_n owe_v they_o whole_o to_o the_o king_n bounty_n it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o they_o must_v likewise_o owe_v their_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n to_o the_o same_o original_a f._n i_o think_v what_o you_o have_v now_o far_o urge_v will_v be_v of_o no_o great_a moment_n against_o my_o opinion_n for_o as_o to_o the_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o the_o addition_n to_o that_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o word_n barones_n that_o it_o be_v add_v long_o since_o that_o time_n that_o word_n not_o be_v common_o in_o use_n till_o some_o time_n after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o let_v that_o pass_n it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o law_n if_o you_o will_v have_v be_v please_v to_o have_v read_v it_o out_o that_o these_o heretoches_n here_o call_v baron_n be_v no_o other_o than_o ordinary_a gentleman_n or_o thanes_z which_o then_o answer_v the_o word_n barones_n and_o these_o as_o this_o law_n itself_o express_o tell_v we_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o freeman_n in_o the_o folemote_a or_o county-court_n and_o therefore_o though_o i_o grant_v they_o may_v be_v man_n of_o estate_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o their_o be_v lord_n or_o noble_a by_o birth_n nor_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o the_o people_n will_v have_v choose_v their_o earl_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o like_a order_n to_o command_v they_o when_o they_o have_v sufficient_a choice_n of_o thanes_z or_o gentleman_n in_o their_o own_o country_n to_o command_v the_o military_a force_n of_o it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a these_o gentleman_n be_v call_v noble_n and_o remarkable_a wise_a man_n yet_o this_o according_a to_o your_o own_o show_v do_v not_o exclude_v other_o and_o those_o of_o a_o far_o different_a profession_n viz._n counsellor_n lawyer_n and_o judge_n all_o which_o you_o suppose_v have_v then_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o they_o have_v now_o in_o the_o lordâ—_n house_n and_o if_o this_o word_n may_v comprehend_v both_o swordman_n and_o lawyer_n i_o can_v see_v why_o it_o may_v not_o also_o take_v in_o the_o better_o and_o rich_a sort_n of_o citizen_n and_o magistrate_n who_o in_o that_o age_n as_o be_v notorious_a be_v elect_v by_o their_o respective_a corporation_n and_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o these_o be_v call_v sapientes_fw-la in_o other_o country_n and_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o â—ny_v not_o have_v be_v call_v so_o here_o too_o but_o that_o the_o king_n judge_n and_o counsellor_n can_v have_v no_o vote_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n i_o have_v already_o give_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o the_o contrary_n but_o i_o shall_v now_o far_o show_v you_o that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n be_v so_o much_o more_o numerous_a and_o considerable_a than_o they_o be_v now_o must_v needs_o have_v have_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n a_o considerable_a share_n in_o those_o great_a council_n since_o in_o they_o consist_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o strength_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v many_o more_o than_o they_o be_v at_o this_o day_n for_o bede_n 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o history_n that_o there_o be_v in_o england_n long_o before_o his_o time_n 28_o famous_a city_n beside_o innumerable_a castle_n and_o wall_a town_n of_o note_n many_o of_o which_o author_n though_o now_o extreme_o decay_v or_o quite_o mine_v be_v then_o very_o considerable_a the_o great_a and_o rich_a part_n of_o the_o nation_n inhabit_v in_o those_o time_n for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o city_n or_o great_a town_n for_o their_o great_a benefit_n or_o security_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o england_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o long_o after_o â—y_a incultivate_v and_o over_o run_v with_o forest_n and_o bogâ—_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o city_n and_o borough_n be_v they_o so_o considerable_a for_o estate_n in_o land_n as_o well_o as_o other_o richâ—â—_n can_v not_o â—e_v exclude_v from_o have_v place_n both_o in_o the_o british_a or_o saxon_a great_a council_n what_o man_n of_o sense_n can_v
believe_v that_o the_o ancient_n and_o potent_a city_n of_o london_n tâ—â—_n câ—nterbury_n lincoln_n etc._n etc._n shall_v ever_o be_v exclude_v from_o have_v any_o hand_n in_o the_o great_a consultation_n of_o give_v money_n and_o make_v law_n and_o for_o the_o public_a defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n any_o more_o than_o they_o be_v now_o and_o therefore_o we_o find_v that_o in_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o german_a or_o gothick_n original_a the_o chief_a city_n and_o town_n have_v still_o send_v deputy_n to_o the_o diet_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n as_o i_o say_v but_o now_o in_o the_o next_o place_n though_o i_o do_v not_o positive_o assert_v that_o there_o be_v knight_n of_o shire_n before_o the_o conquest_n yet_o be_o i_o not_o convince_v that_o there_o be_v none_o for_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o treatise_n you_o mention_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v write_v since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n yet_o may_v the_o substance_n of_o it_o have_v be_v much_o old_a than_o the_o time_n of_o edw_n iii_o and_o rich._n ii_o or_o else_o certain_o king_n hen._n iu._n or_o his_o chancellor_n for_o he_o will_v never_o have_v be_v at_o the_o trouble_n of_o transmit_v a_o copy_n of_o this_o say_v modus_fw-la into_o ireland_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n which_o be_v think_v to_o encroach_v so_o much_o on_o the_o prerogative_n have_v he_o not_o be_v very_o well_o inform_v of_o the_o antiquity_n as_o well_o as_o authority_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v write_v about_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n iii_o from_o some_o ancient_a historian_n and_o record_n not_o now_o extant_a though_o the_o copy_n we_o have_v of_o it_o may_v be_v of_o no_o long_o stand_v than_o the_o time_n mr_n selden_n mention_n but_o admit_v that_o there_o be_v no_o knight_n of_o shire_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o though_o the_o thanes_z who_o i_o suppose_v make_v the_o great_a figure_n in_o the_o wittena_n geâ—â—â—er_n be_v not_o earl_n or_o chief_a thanes_z that_o be_v of_o the_o great_a nobility_n yet_o they_o be_v great_a freeholder_n and_o though_o commoner_n yet_o gentleman_n and_o of_o the_o lesser_a nobility_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o gentleman_n or_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v now_o and_o the_o not_o elect_v by_o the_o country_n yet_o may_v be_v as_o well_o esteem_v their_o representative_n as_o they_o be_v now_o of_o freeholder_n under_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la lease-holders_n and_o copy-holders_n for_o year_n who_o have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n whereas_o these_o thanes_z be_v then_o the_o chief_a if_o not_o the_o only_a possessor_n of_o all_o the_o freehold_a estate_n in_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o material_a objection_n to_o say_v that_o these_o thanes_z might_n at_o first_o owe_v those_o estate_n to_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o first_o saxon_a king_n and_o may_v also_o after_o a_o sort_n hold_v their_o estate_n of_o they_o as_o head_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o such_o service_n as_o be_v settle_v by_o public_a law_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o owe_v their_o very_a right_n of_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n whole_o to_o the_o king_n favour_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o though_o the_o first_o saxon_a king_n conquer_v this_o island_n from_o the_o britain_n yet_o those_o that_o assist_v they_o be_v only_a volunteer_n the_o chief_a officer_n or_o commander_n of_o they_o may_v not_o only_o deserve_v but_o also_o capitulate_v for_o their_o share_n in_o the_o land_n so_o conquer_v and_o these_o be_v give_v out_o by_o the_o king_n according_a to_o each_o man_n quality_n condition_n or_o desert_n may_v constitute_v those_o who_o be_v call_v the_o king_n thanes_z as_o those_o who_o hold_v likewise_o under_o they_o be_v the_o middle_a thanes_z or_o vavassor_n suppose_v till_o you_o can_v prove_v the_o contrary_a that_o these_o have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o you_o may_v as_o well_o argue_v that_o they_o can_v have_v no_o place_n there_o but_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o their_o lord_n whereas_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o a_o estate_n of_o five_o hide_n in_o land_n of_o whosoever_o hold_v make_v a_o thane_n or_o nobleman_n of_o the_o inferior_a rank_n and_o we_o find_v by_o the_o same_o law_n of_o king_n athelstan_n his_o weregild_n or_o price_n of_o his_o head_n be_v value_v but_o equal_a with_o that_o of_o a_o mass_n thanes_z or_o priest_n viz._n at_o 2000_o thrymsas_n so_o that_o a_o sufficient_a estate_n in_o land_n do_v not_o only_o make_v a_o man_n a_o gentleman_n but_o also_o give_v he_o a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o there_o be_v beside_o all_o these_o several_a alodoril_n who_o hold_v their_o land_n discharge_v from_o all_o service_n and_o can_v sell_v or_o dispose_v of_o they_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o inferior_a lord_n and_o be_v those_o mention_v in_o doomsday_n book_n qui_fw-la potuit_fw-la ire_n cum_fw-la terra_fw-la que_fw-la â—â—but_fw-la nor_o be_v your_o argument_n conclusive_a that_o because_o in_o those_o time_n as_o well_o as_o now_o all_o land_n be_v hold_v either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n and_o be_v chargeable_a with_o those_o three_o general_a service_n you_o mention_v for_o the_o public_a safety_n and_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o therefore_o not_o only_o all_o man_n civil_a property_n but_o also_o their_o right_n of_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n must_v whole_o depend_v upon_o the_o king_n will_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o first_o saxon_n king_n by_o their_o conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n can_v not_o acquire_v the_o sole_a property_n of_o all_o the_o land_n thereof_o to_o themselves_o though_o they_o may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o as_o public_a trustee_n to_o distribute_v they_o according_a to_o those_o man_n quality_n and_o desert_n who_o have_v help_v they_o in_o the_o conquest_n so_o that_o when_o they_o be_v once_o possess_v of_o such_o estate_n they_o have_v immediate_o thereupon_o a_o right_a to_o a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n the_o burden_n of_o the_o government_n lie_v chief_o on_o such_o as_o have_v estate_n in_o land_n and_o that_o many_o other_o beside_o the_o king_n thanes_z or_o great_a lord_n have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n appear_v as_o well_o by_o the_o name_n of_o mycel_n synod_n â—â—_o wittenagemots_a which_o be_v render_v by_o our_o ancient_a glossarist_n numerosa_fw-la or_o popuâ—â—sa_fw-la conventio_fw-la as_o also_o the_o title_n and_o conclusion_n to_o divers_a of_o the_o title_n of_o those_o great_a council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n where_o be_v often_o mention_v after_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o proceres_fw-la terrae_fw-la aliorum_fw-la fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la which_o must_v certain_o take_v in_o many_o more_o than_o the_o king_n thanes_z judges_z or_o other_o of_o his_o great_a man_n who_o be_v then_o but_o a_o few_o in_o comparison_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeholder_n of_o england_n m._n i_o will_v not_o long_o dispute_v the_o probability_n of_o what_o you_o say_v all_o the_o difficulty_n lie_v in_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o deny_v that_o any_o other_o of_o a_o less_o degree_n than_o the_o king_n thanes_z of_o chief_a tenant_n have_v any_o place_n or_o voice_n in_o the_o old_a english_a council_n nor_o can_v you_o find_v as_o you_o yourself_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v in_o our_o saxon_a law_n or_o ancient_a historian_n of_o those_o time_n any_o representative_n of_o the_o common_a people_n mention_v such_o as_o be_v now_o much_o less_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n for_o any_o city_n or_o burrow_n in_o england_n and_o therefore_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v the_o riches_n or_o power_n of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n before_o the_o conquest_n though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v true_a yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o must_v then_o send_v their_o representative_n to_o the_o great_a council_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o they_o do_v because_o great_a city_n and_o town_n do_v or_o do_v late_o send_v deputy_n to_o the_o like_a assembly_n in_o other_o country_n since_o our_o government_n may_v not_o only_o original_o differ_v in_o that_o from_o they_o but_o that_o also_o the_o send_n of_o those_o deputy_n may_v be_v grant_v by_o some_o late_a prince_n long_o since_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o those_o kingdom_n and_o i_o do_v believe_v will_v prove_v so_o if_o close_o look_v into_o and_o in_o denmark_n which_o you_o know_v be_v a_o elective_a kingdom_n the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n never_o send_v any_o
deputy_n to_o their_o great_a council_n at_o all_o and_o since_o the_o government_n of_o england_n as_o you_o yourself_o grant_v do_v very_o much_o resemble_v that_o why_o may_v it_o not_o be_v so_o here_o too_o f._n i_o think_v your_o reply_n have_v no_o more_o weight_n in_o it_o than_o what_o you_o have_v already_o urge_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o lie_v upon_o your_o side_n to_o prove_v that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n be_v or_o chief_a thanes_z have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n and_o wheâ—â—_n you_o can_v prove_v that_o you_o may_v do_v something_o but_o what_o i_o have_v now_o bring_v to_o prove_v the_o great_a antiquity_n of_o our_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n be_v not_o so_o little_a to_o the_o purpose_n as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o since_o it_o confirm_v that_o right_n of_o prescription_n which_o all_o ancient_a city_n and_o burrough_n be_v england_n do_v claim_n of_o senâ—ing_a member_n to_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o pray_v 〈◊〉_d what_o mr._n lambard_n a_o person_n who_o all_o the_o learned_a own_o extreme_o know_v in_o the_o english_a saxon_a government_n tell_v we_o on_o this_o subject_a etc._n in_o his_o archeion_n in_o these_o word_n that_o whereas_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o law_n viz._n those_o make_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n he_o there_o mention_n all_o the_o act_n be_v say_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o king_n and_o â—is_n wiseman_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o law_n each_o statute_n be_v thus_o and_o it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o his_o wiseman_n so_o as_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v then_o a_o receive_a form_n of_o speech_n to_o signify_v both_o the_o spirituality_n and_o laity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o great_a nobility_n and_o the_o less_o or_o commons_o by_o this_o one_o word_n witena_n i._n e._n wiseman_n now_o as_o these_o write_a authority_n do_v undoubted_o confirm_v our_o assertion_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o this_o manner_n of_o parliament_n so_o be_v there_o also_o unwritten_a law_n or_o prescription_n 〈◊〉_d do_v no_o less_o infallible_o uphold_v the_o same_o for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o in_o every_o quarter_n of_o the_o realm_n a_o great_a many_o burrough_n do_v yet_o send_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n which_o be_v nevertheless_o so_o ancient_a and_o so_o long_o since_o decay_v and_o go_v to_o nought_o that_o it_o can_v be_v show_v that_o they_o have_v be_v of_o any_o reputation_n at_o any_o time_n since_o the_o conquest_n and_o much_o lesâ—_n than_o they_o have_v obtain_v this_o privilege_n by_o the_o grant_n of_o any_o king_n succeed_v the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o interest_n which_o they_o have_v in_o parliament_n grow_v by_o a_o ancient_a usage_n before_o the_o conquest_n whereof_o they_o can_v show_v any_o beginning_n which_o thing_n be_v also_o confirm_v by_o a_o contrary_a usage_n in_o the_o self_n same_o thing_n for_o it_o be_v likewise_o know_v that_o they_o of_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la do_v prescribe_v in_o not_o send_v to_o the_o parliament_n for_o which_o reason_n also_o they_o be_v neither_o contributer_n to_o the_o wage_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n neither_o be_v they_o bind_v by_o sundry_a act_n of_o parliament_n though_o the_o same_o be_v general_o pen_v and_o do_v make_v no_o exception_n of_o they_o but_o there_o be_v no_o ancient_a demesne_n save_v that_o only_a which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_fw-la regis_fw-la which_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v such_o as_o either_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o conqueror_n himself_o who_o make_v the_o book_n or_o of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n that_o be_v before_o he_o and_o so_o again_o if_o they_o of_o ancient_a demesne_n have_v ever_o since_o the_o conquest_n prescribe_v not_o to_o elect_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n then_o no_o doubt_n there_o be_v a_o parliament_n before_o the_o conquest_n to_o the_o which_o they_o of_o other_o place_n do_v send_v their_o burgess_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o learned_a author_n do_v not_o only_o believe_v that_o the_o lord_n but_o that_o also_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n and_o representative_n of_o city_n and_o town_n be_v include_v under_o the_o word_n wite_v and_o also_o that_o these_o placeâ—_n claim_v that_o privilege_n by_o prescription_n and_o not_o by_o grant_n of_o any_o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n or_o before_o m._n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o mr._n lambard_n be_v a_o learned_a antiquary_n yet_o there_o be_v other_o more_o in_o number_n and_o perhaps_o of_o great_a learning_n who_o do_v suppose_v that_o no_o city_n or_o burrough_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n but_o since_o the_o conquest_n the_o i_o confess_v the_o time_n be_v not_o exact_o agree_v on_o but_o whenever_o they_o begin_v to_o appeaâ—â—_n there_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o can_v have_v no_o right_n of_o come_v but_o from_o the_o king_n summons_n or_o grant_n since_o none_o but_o such_o city_n or_o town_n that_o hold_v of_o thâ—_n king_n in_o capite_fw-la 38._o have_v ancient_o any_o place_n in_o those_o assembly_n noâ—_n of_o they_o neither_o any_o other_o but_o those_o who_o the_o king_n please_v to_o call_v and_o from_o thence_o proceed_v that_o great_a variety_n we_o find_v in_o the_o list_n of_o those_o town_n which_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n but_o i_o shall_v omit_v speak_v any_o thing_n far_o of_o this_o at_o present_a but_o as_o for_o those_o middle_n inferior_a thanes_z or_o vavassour_n as_o they_o be_v afterward_o call_v who_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v make_v so_o great_a a_o figure_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v that_o they_o have_v any_o vote_n there_o and_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v to_o you_o by_o and_o by_o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v in_o those_o meeting_n from_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o 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you_o desire_v i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a general_n council_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n viz._n that_o which_o be_v hold_v at_o canterbury_n a._n d._n 605._o by_o king_n ethelbert_n not_o long_o after_o the_o settlement_n of_o christianity_n in_o this_o island_n which_o be_v record_v by_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o british_a council_n in_o these_o word_n an._n incarnationis_fw-la dominicae_fw-la 685._o aethelbertus_n rex_fw-la in_o fide_fw-la roboratus_fw-la catholica_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la beria_fw-la regina_fw-la silioque_fw-la ipso_fw-la eadbaldo_n 126._o ac_fw-la reverendissimo_fw-la praesule_fw-la augustino_n caeterisque_fw-la optimatibus_fw-la terrâ—_n solenitatem_fw-la natalis_n domini_fw-la celebrant_n cantuariae_fw-la convocato_fw-la igitâ—r_fw-la ibidem_fw-la communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o
be_v the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n m._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o authority_n before_o you_o proceed_v far_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v believe_v that_o all_o the_o person_n who_o the_o historian_n relate_v to_o have_v perish_v by_o this_o fall_n of_o the_o council_n chamber_n to_o have_v be_v all_o of_o they_o actual_a member_n of_o that_o assembly_n since_o there_o may_v have_v be_v there_o divers_a person_n who_o though_o of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n may_v have_v be_v present_v auditor_n or_o looker_n on_o it_o not_o be_v then_o the_o custom_n to_o hold_v those_o council_n so_o private_o as_o we_o do_v now_o so_o that_o divers_a of_o the_o common_a or_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n call_v here_o ignobiles_fw-la and_o perhaps_o of_o the_o inferior_a gentry_n too_o be_v there_o may_v all_o partake_v of_o this_o common_a ruin_n and_o so_o pay_v dear_a for_o their_o needless_a curiosity_n f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o do_v not_o assent_v to_o your_o opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n for_o i_o can_v believe_v unless_o you_o can_v show_v i_o very_o good_a authority_n for_o it_o that_o ever_o the_o common_a people_n or_o vulgus_fw-la in_o the_o sense_n you_o take_v they_o be_v let_v in_o only_a to_o gaze_v at_o such_o assembly_n for_o what_o room_n can_v have_v contain_v so_o great_a a_o crowd_n and_o if_o they_o be_v in_o those_o day_n so_o great_a slave_n as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n please_v to_o make_v they_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o crowd_n into_o the_o great_a council_n then_o any_o more_o than_o now_o when_o you_o allow_v they_o more_o liberty_n and_o great_a privilege_n than_o they_o then_o enjoy_v and_o therefore_o i_o think_v i_o may_v very_o well_o stick_v to_o the_o arch-bishop_n opinion_n who_o suppose_v they_o to_o have_v be_v the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n who_o be_v all_o involve_a in_o this_o ruin_n but_o let_v this_o pass_n i_o shall_v now_o give_v you_o a_o authority_n of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v under_o king_n ethelred_n which_o will_v farther_o confirm_v our_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la which_o council_n you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o one_a volume_n of_o monasticâ—â—_n anglic_n contain_v a_o concession_n and_o confirmation_n of_o divers_a privilege_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o wolverhampton_n in_o these_o word_n 2._o haec_fw-la decreta_fw-la sunt_fw-la sigerich_n archiepiscopi_fw-la in_o placito_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la ethelredo_fw-la &_o eboracensi_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la britanniâ—_n seu_fw-la senatoribus_fw-la ducibus_fw-la &_o popâ—lo_fw-la terrae_fw-la where_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o the_o populus_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v here_o put_v as_o a_o distinct_a order_n of_o man_n from_o all_o the_o rest_n aforego_v to_o come_v now_o to_o the_o time_n after_o the_o danish_a invasion_n and_o the_o settlement_n of_o the_o crown_n upon_o king_n knute_n who_o after_o he_o be_v make_v king_n partly_o by_o conquest_n and_o partly_o by_o election_n yet_o alter_v nothing_o of_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n and_o therefore_o florence_n of_o worcester_n tell_v we_o that_o anno_fw-la 1017_o being_n the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 619._o he_o divide_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n into_o four_o part_n and_o also_o foedus_fw-la cum_fw-la principibus_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la populo_fw-la ipse_fw-la &_o illi_fw-la cum_fw-la ipso_fw-la parcus_fw-la cessâ—runt_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o populus_fw-la or_o commons_o be_v put_v distinct_a by_o this_o author_n from_o the_o great_a lordâ—_n or_o nobleman_n here_o call_v principes_fw-la and_o this_o council_n be_v call_v by_o abbot_n bromton_n in_o his_o history_n parliamentum_fw-la apud_fw-la oxoniam_fw-la 908._o and_o also_o in_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o briadricesworth_n since_o call_v st._n edmundsbâ—ry_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n it_o be_v thus_o recite_v ego_fw-la cnut_n rex_fw-la totius_fw-la albionis_fw-la insulae_fw-la &_o aliarum_fw-la nationum_fw-la plurâ—marum_fw-la in_fw-la cathedra_fw-la regali_fw-la promotus_fw-la cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la eligi_fw-la sanciend_n whence_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o under_o the_o word_n fideles_fw-la be_v then_o comprehend_v other_o person_n of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n or_o order_n to_o the_o comites_fw-la or_o earl_n there_o mention_v and_o these_o can_v mean_v no_o other_o than_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o who_o i_o have_v prove_v to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o these_o council_n m._n i_o can_v believe_v you_o have_v yet_o prove_v it_o for_o though_o i_o have_v hitherto_o omit_v to_o give_v you_o my_o thought_n of_o this_o word_n fidelium_fw-la yet_o i_o must_v now_o tell_v you_o once_o for_o all_o that_o by_o this_o word_n be_v not_o here_o mean_v or_o any_o where_o else_o in_o our_o saxon_a law_n to_o be_v understand_v the_o ordinary_a or_o common_a sort_n of_o people_n or_o any_o that_o represent_v they_o but_o only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o in_o military_a service_n which_o be_v then_o call_v the_o king_n thanes_z and_o be_v afterward_o the_o same_o with_o the_o barones_n minores_fw-la mention_v in_o king_n john_n s_o charter_n but_o i_o shall_v plain_o prove_v when_o i_o come_v to_o it_o that_o the_o word_n fideles_fw-la after_o the_o conquest_n signify_v only_o the_o king_n s_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o mirite_n who_o we_o find_v to_o be_v witness_n after_o the_o duke_n or_o earl_n to_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n cnute_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v this_o word_n fideles_fw-la do_v in_o a_o common_a or_o large_a acceptation_n signify_v all_o such_o subject_n as_o owe_v fealty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n yet_o in_o a_o strict_a and_o legal_a signification_n as_o it_o be_v here_o to_o be_v take_v it_o signify_v only_o the_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o dr._n b._n have_v very_o well_o show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n and_o therefore_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n himself_o distinguish_v between_o these_o and_o all_o other_o subject_n fideles_fw-la in_o these_o word_n interâ—um_fw-la specialiter_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la â—dem_fw-la qui_fw-la vasalli_n qui_fw-la fâ—udo_fw-la accâ—pto_fw-la in_o patron_n fide_fw-la &_o cliâ—ntela_fw-la sunt_fw-la vicissimque_fw-la suamci_fw-la certi_fw-la obsequii_fw-la nomine_fw-la fidem_fw-la astrinxerunt_fw-la but_o indeed_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o understand_v it_o in_o your_o sense_n for_o then_o all_o that_o swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o be_v call_v fideles_fw-la shall_v have_v have_v a_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o all_o the_o man_n in_o england_n 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be_v then_o no_o more_o limit_v to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o that_o time_n than_o it_o be_v now_o who_o though_o i_o grant_v they_o can_v not_o all_o be_v present_a in_o the_o great_a council_n in_o person_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v there_o by_o their_o delegate_n as_o well_o as_o they_o be_v now_o and_o who_o may_v also_o consist_v of_o far_o great_a number_n than_o they_o now_o do_v since_o we_o find_v in_o the_o council_n of_o winchester_n but_o now_o mention_v that_o after_o the_o duke_n earls_z and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v also_o add_v aliorâ—mque_fw-la fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la which_o great_a multitude_n sure_o must_v have_v signify_v somewhat_o more_o than_o your_o chief_a thanes_z or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_z or_o else_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la and_o proceres_fw-la may_v very_o well_o have_v comprehend_v all_o the_o degree_n of_o layman_n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o by_o some_o better_a authority_n than_o you_o yet_o have_v do_v that_o before_o the_o conquest_n the_o word_n fideles_fw-la
must_v needs_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o other_o but_o that_o it_o do_v not_o signify_v only_o so_o after_o that_o time_n i_o shall_v join_v issue_n with_o you_o by_o and_o by_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o my_o next_o authority_n which_o be_v from_o ailrid_a abbot_n of_o rievallis_n 372._o who_o live_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n who_o in_o his_o life_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n relate_v the_o manner_n of_o that_o king_n election_n in_o his_o mother_n womb_n tell_v we_o how_o ethelred_n his_o father_n call_v a_o great_a council_n about_o appoint_v a_o successor_n that_o hereupon_o say_v thus_o fit_a magnus_n coram_fw-la rege_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la procerumque_fw-la conventus_fw-la magnus_fw-la plebis_fw-la pâ—lgique_a consensus_fw-la where_o you_o see_v apparent_o that_o the_o abbot_n make_v a_o distinction_n between_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a lord_n and_o that_o of_o the_o plebs_fw-la vulgus_fw-la or_o common_a people_n m._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a before_o you_o proceed_v to_o any_o fresh_a authority_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o abbot_n in_o the_o place_n you_o mention_n tell_v such_o a_o idle_a tale_n that_o this_o edward_n be_v choose_v king_n whilst_o in_o his_o mother_n womb_n and_o so_o his_o father_n make_v the_o nobility_n swear_v fealty_n to_o he_o before_o he_o be_v bear_v he_o be_v the_o only_a author_n of_o this_o legend_n that_o i_o know_v of_o and_o sure_o you_o yourself_o must_v own_v that_o it_o be_v a_o little_a too_o gross_a to_o be_v believe_v and_o therefore_o i_o wonder_v that_o you_o shall_v urge_v that_o to_o i_o for_o a_o sufficient_a authority_n for_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n in_o those_o time_n f._n pray_v sir_n observe_v to_o what_o purpose_n i_o make_v use_n of_o this_o authority_n it_o be_v not_o to_o make_v good_a the_o election_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o his_o mother_n womb_n but_o only_o to_o prove_v who_o be_v then_o suppose_v when_o this_o abbot_n write_v to_o make_v up_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o wittena-gemot_a or_o parliament_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n which_o be_v then_o believe_v by_o all_o man_n to_o consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n high_a nobility_n and_o comâ—â—â—_n unless_o you_o can_v suppose_v that_o the_o abbot_n shall_v mention_v the_o commons_o by_o prophecy_n and_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v only_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o his_o own_o time_n which_o the_o author_n of_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o decem_fw-la scriptores_fw-la make_v to_o be_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n henry_n ii_o reign_n it_o will_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n to_o be_v near_o a_o hundred_o year_n old_a than_o the_o early_a time_n you_o assign_v for_o it_o viz_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o but_o i_o shall_v now_o conclude_v with_o the_o conclusion_n to_o 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sâ—lâ—â—niquâ—_n in_o it_o a_o deliberatione_n in_o comiciis_fw-la illis_fw-la responderunt_fw-la unanimes_fw-la irritam_fw-la plane_n fuissi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d donationem_fw-la illam_fw-la ut_fw-la pote_fw-la tam_fw-la sine_fw-la ordinum_fw-la assensu_fw-la quam_fw-la juran_n ento_z inaâ—guâ—aâ—i_fw-mi adversâ—n_n but_o of_o this_o great_a authority_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o hereafter_o when_o i_o come_v to_o it_o in_o order_n of_o time_n since_o therefore_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o commons_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o great_a council_n before_o the_o conquest_n as_o you_o call_v it_o i_o desire_v that_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o show_v i_o how_o they_o come_v to_o lose_v it_o after_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o to_o be_v so_o long_o without_o it_o as_o until_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o or_o 18_o of_o edward_n i._o if_o your_o author_n be_v to_o be_v credit_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v the_o authority_n you_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o saxon_a 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period_n after_o the_o conquest_n wherein_o i_o doubt_v not_o
errant_a slave_n and_o vassal_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o mean_a person_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v tax_v as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o superior_a lord_n which_o whether_o so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n will_v ever_o have_v suffer_v i_o leave_v to_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v m._n i_o grant_v this_o may_v now_o appear_v somewhat_o hard_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v not_o then_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o grievance_n and_o it_o be_v then_o no_o more_o unjust_a than_o it_o be_v now_o that_o person_n under_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n though_o of_o never_o so_o good_a estate_n in_o money_n or_o stock_n or_o that_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o for_o the_o life_n of_o another_o shall_v at_o this_o day_n have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o consequent_o be_v without_o any_o 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the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la above_o mention_v but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n from_o which_o you_o force_v i_o to_o digress_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o our_o ancient_a parliament_n be_v only_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o which_o as_o in_o the_o lesser_a court_n baroa_n or_o court_n of_o manor_n the_o suitor_n or_o tenant_n be_v together_o with_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n the_o sole_a judge_n so_o that_o at_o first_o after_o the_o conquest_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n alone_o as_o the_o supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o appoint_v or_o call_v which_o or_o what_o sort_n of_o those_o tenant_n be_v please_v to_o attend_v he_o with_o their_o aid_n and_o advice_n at_o his_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a as_o i_o shall_v prove_v more_o at_o large_a from_o our_o 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shall_v show_v you_o your_o mistake_v about_o the_o king_n tax_v anon_o but_o the_o main_a force_n of_o your_o argument_n lie_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o those_o latin_a word_n you_o have_v last_o mention_v and_o which_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o i_o think_v you_o take_v in_o too_o strict_a a_o sense_n 108._o for_o first_o as_o to_o the_o word_n baro_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o much_o in_o use_n before_o william_n i._o obtain_v the_o english_a diadem_n baro_n say_v camden_n britanni_n pro_fw-la svo_fw-la non_fw-la agnoscum_fw-la in_o anglosaxonicis_a legibus_fw-la nusquam_fw-la comparet_fw-la 121._o nec_fw-la in_o aâ—frici_fw-la glossario_fw-la saxonico_n inter_fw-la dignitatum_fw-la vocabula_fw-la habetur_fw-la for_o the_o english_a saxon_n call_v those_o in_o their_o own_o language_n aealderman_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v name_v comites_fw-la and_o by_o the_o dane_n earl_n but_o it_o be_v of_o so_o extensive_a a_o import_n in_o its_o signification_n that_o we_o read_v of_o aldermani_fw-la regis_fw-la aldermani_fw-la comitatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o alderman_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a sense_n of_o this_o word_n we_o have_v whole_a regiment_n of_o earl_n who_o title_n seldom_o if_o at_o all_o descend_v hereditary_a till_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o after_o william_n i._o the_o saxon_a word_n aealderman_n and_o thegnes_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v change_v and_o in_o the_o room_n of_o aldermanni_n &_o thani_n we_o find_v comites_fw-la &_o barones_n as_o in_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o history_n nor_o be_v the_o word_n barones_n only_o take_v in_o those_o day_n for_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o for_o the_o inferior_a baron_n or_o free_a tenant_n which_o hold_v great_a estate_n of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o king_n by_o certain_a service_n and_o to_o who_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o earl_n as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n title_n baro_n often_o direct_v their_o charter_n 70._o barombus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la tam_fw-la francis_n quam_fw-la anglis_fw-la and_o we_o there_o also_o read_v some_o quotation_n from_o the_o old_a book_n of_o ramsey_n abby_n wherein_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ramsey_n as_o also_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la thereof_o be_v particular_o mention_v all_o which_o as_o this_o learned_a author_n tell_v we_o non_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la sunt_fw-la intelligenda_fw-la sid_n de_fw-fr vassallis_n feodalibus_fw-la note_n scil_n melioris_fw-la and_o the_o same_o author_n say_v a_o little_a low_o that_o baron_n be_v often_o take_v pro_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o soccagio_fw-it quam_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la m._n what_o then_o do_v you_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o freeholder_n in_o england_n by_o whatsoever_o tenure_n they_o hold_v appear_v in_o person_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o time_n sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n and_o dr._n b._n assign_v for_o the_o summon_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n at_o this_o rate_n every_o yeoman_n or_o petty_a freeholder_n be_v a_o baron_n so_o that_o this_o assembly_n may_v then_o consist_v of_o above_o 50_o or_o 60_o thousand_o person_n since_o spot_n in_o his_o chronicle_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o service_n of_o about_o 60000_o knight_n fee_n which_o by_o the_o time_n i_o suppose_v may_v have_v be_v divide_v into_o many_o more_o lesser_a one_o 19_o by_o co-heirship_a or_o by_o sale_n and_o otherwise_o parcel_v out_o by_o the_o king_n licence_n into_o half-knighs-fee_n three_o part_n of_o fee_n four_o part_n of_o fee_n eight_o part_n sixteen_o twenty_o thirty_o and_o forty_o part_n of_o fee_n and_o so_o have_v be_v increase_v into_o as_o many_o more_o and_o these_o beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o
soccage_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v so_o numerous_a that_o what_o room_n nay_o what_o field_n or_o place_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v so_o great_a a_o multitude_n or_o how_o can_v any_o business_n have_v be_v transact_v therein_o without_o the_o great_a confusion_n imaginable_a f._n so_o than_o you_o yourself_o must_v also_o grant_v that_o when_o all_o your_o great_a and_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v in_o person_n parliament_n be_v much_o more_o numerous_a than_o they_o be_v now_o since_o according_a to_o the_o dr.'s_n catalogue_n out_o of_o dooms-day-book_n in_o his_o appendix_n to_o the_o english_a history_n vol._n 1_o of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o serjeanty_n that_o hold_v all_o the_o land_n in_o every_o county_n of_o king_n william_n they_o do_v beside_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n altogether_o amount_v to_o about_o 700._o and_o these_o in_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o by_o forfeiture_n and_o new_a conveyance_n from_o the_o crown_n or_o by_o those_o other_o way_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v may_v be_v multiply_v into_o twice_o as_o many_o more_o and_o those_o also_o of_o sufficient_a estate_n to_o maintain_v the_o port_n of_o a_o member_n of_o parliament_n or_o knight_n since_o 15_o pound_n a_o year_n be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o reckon_v as_o a_o knight_n fee_n and_o he_o that_o have_v it_o be_v liable_a to_o be_v knight_v and_o if_o so_o i_o pray_v according_a to_o your_o own_o hypothesis_n how_o can_v so_o great_a a_o assembly_n be_v manage_v as_o of_o about_o 3000_o or_o 4000_o person_n without_o strange_a confusion_n and_o disorder_n but_o upon_o our_o principle_n there_o will_v follow_v no_o more_o absurdity_n or_o inconvenience_n than_o in_o you_o for_o either_o these_o baron_n of_o county_n burgess_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o town_n and_o city_n be_v always_o represent_v by_o knight_n and_o citizen_n as_o they_o be_v now_o or_o else_o these_o baron_n of_o county_n appear_v for_o themselves_o be_v lord_n of_o manor_n or_o freeholder_n of_o good_a estate_n who_o be_v not_o so_o numerous_a or_o inconsiderable_a as_o you_o imagine_v the_o freehold_a land_n in_o england_n be_v in_o those_o day_n but_o in_o a_o few_o hand_n in_o comparison_n to_o what_o they_o be_v now_o and_o for_o this_o opinion_n i_o have_v sir_n h._n spelman_n of_o my_o side_n who_o in_o the_o place_n already_o quote_v under_o barones_n câ—â—itatus_fw-la express_o tell_v we_o hoc_fw-la nomine_fw-la contineri_fw-la videtur_fw-la antiquis_fw-la paginis_fw-la omnis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d â—eodalium_fw-la specier_fw-la in_fw-la uno_fw-la quovis_fw-la comitara_fw-mi degentium_fw-la proceres_fw-la nempè_fw-la &_o 〈◊〉_d domini_fw-la nèc_fw-la non_fw-la liberè_fw-la quique_fw-la tenentes_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la fundorum_fw-la proprietarii_fw-la anglicè_fw-la freeholder_n ut_fw-la superiùâ—_n dictum_fw-la est_fw-la normidum_fw-la autem_fw-la est_fw-la hoc_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la nec_fw-la tam_fw-la â—iles_fw-la 〈◊〉_d fuisse_fw-la nèc_fw-la tam_fw-la vulgares_fw-la ut_fw-la hodiè_fw-la deprehonduntur_fw-la na_o villa_n &_o dominia_fw-la in_o 〈◊〉_d hareditates_fw-la non_fw-la dum_fw-la distrahebant_fw-la nobiles_fw-la sed_fw-la ut_fw-la vidimus_fw-la in_o hibernia_n penes_fw-la se_fw-la retinentes_fw-la agros_fw-la per_fw-la precarios_fw-la excolebant_fw-la &_o adscriptitio_n so_o that_o you_o see_v sir_n h._n spelman_n then_o believe_v that_o the_o manor_n and_o great_a freehold_n in_o england_n be_v not_o then_o parcele_v out_o into_o so_o many_o small_a share_n as_o you_o imagine_v and_o that_o such_o inferior_a baron_n whether_o they_o hold_v in_o caâ—â—â—e_n or_o not_o arch._n be_v also_o call_v proceres_fw-la see_v the_o law_n of_o henry_n i._n chap._n 25._o the_o title_n whereof_o be_v de_fw-fr privilegits_n procerum_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o law_n run_v thus_o si_fw-mi exurgat_fw-la placitum_fw-la inter_fw-la homines_fw-la allcusus_fw-la baronum_fw-la foenam_fw-la habentium_fw-la tractâ—tur_fw-la placitum_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la svi_fw-la now_o that_o this_o socha_n be_v no_o more_o than_o soc._n in_o old_a saxon_a see_v spel._n gloss._n tit._n soc._n i._n e._n secta_fw-la de_fw-la hominibus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la so_o likewise_o in_o titulo_fw-la socha_n vel_fw-la dicitur_fw-la soc._n a_o saxon_a socâ—_n i._o e_fw-la libertas_fw-la franchesia_n &_o vide_fw-la manerium_fw-la qd_n dicitur_fw-la etiam_fw-la soca_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o these_o lord_n of_o manor_n here_o call_v proceres_fw-la &_o barones_n have_v court_n baron_n which_o take_v their_o name_n from_o their_o lord_n though_o feudatory_a tenant_n or_o vavaâ—ours_n but_o grant_v that_o about_o the_o end_n of_o king_n john_n or_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o suppose_v that_o these_o lord_n of_o manor_n and_o great_a freeholder_n whether_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o other_o may_v amount_v in_o all_o to_o 5_o on_o 6000_o person_n i_o do_v not_o see_v why_o such_o a_o assembly_n may_v not_o be_v as_o orderly_a and_o well_o manage_v as_o one_o of_o 1000_o or_o 4000_o suppose_v your_o great_a baron_n and_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o have_v than_o make_v about_o that_o number_n especial_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o most_o business_n or_o act_n of_o any_o consequence_n and_o for_o which_o parliament_n be_v call_v may_v be_v prepare_v and_o draw_v up_o by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n before_o they_o meet_v so_o that_o take_v it_o which_o way_n you_o will_v few_o inconvenience_n and_o improbability_n attend_v my_o hypothesis_n than_o you_o m._n that_o the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n both_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a together_o with_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n i_o have_v very_o good_a authority_n on_o my_o side_n but_o that_o any_o feudatory_a baron_n or_o tenant_n of_o a_o lesser_a degree_n ever_o have_v any_o place_n or_o vote_n in_o those_o assembly_n i_o think_v you_o can_v give_v i_o no_o sufficient_a authority_n for_o it_o it_o be_v true_a mr._n p._n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v 110._o give_v we_o two_o modern_a quotation_n the_o one_o out_o of_o mr._n câ—â—den's_n britannia_n the_o other_o out_o of_o mr._n selden_n to_o prove_v it_o as_o for_o the_o former_a it_o be_v in_o the_o introduction_n to_o the_o britannia_n first_o publish_v in_o quarto_n the_o word_n be_v these_o verum_fw-la baro_n ex_fw-la illis_fw-la non_fw-la imbus_fw-la videatur_fw-la qua_fw-la tempus_fw-la paulatim_fw-la moliara_fw-it &_o molliora_fw-la reddidit_fw-la nam_fw-la longo_fw-la post_fw-la tempore_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la sed_fw-la qui_fw-la liberi_fw-la erant_fw-la domini_fw-la 16._o &_o thani_fw-la saxombus_fw-la dicebantur_fw-la barones_n vocari_fw-la caperunt_fw-la nec_fw-la dum_fw-la magni_fw-la honoris_fw-la erat_fw-la paulo_fw-la autem_fw-la postea_fw-la mean_v after_o the_o norman_n entrance_n eo_fw-la honoris_fw-la pervenit_fw-la ut_fw-la nomine_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la omnes_fw-la qâ—â—dammodo_fw-la regni_fw-la ordines_fw-la continerentur_fw-la but_o he_o do_v not_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o learned_a author_n in_o his_o last_o edition_n of_o this_o work_n in_o folio_n be_v sensible_a of_o his_o mistake_n have_v add_v the_o word_n superiores_fw-la before_o ordines_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o now_o restrain_v it_o only_o to_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o they_o be_v now_o understand_v mr._n p'_v other_o quotation_n be_v out_o of_o mr._n selden_n note_n upon_o rancorous_a 168._o where_o comment_v on_o the_o word_n barones_n he_o say_v vocabulum_fw-la nempe_fw-la alio_fw-la notione_fw-la usurpari_fw-la quam_fw-la vulgo_fw-la neque_fw-la eos_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la ut_fw-la hodie_fw-la significare_fw-la quibus_fw-la peculiaris_fw-la ordinum_fw-la comitiis_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la but_o then_o conceal_v this_o that_o follow_v which_o make_v direct_o against_o he_o sed_fw-la universos_fw-la qui_fw-la regiae_n munificentiae_fw-la ad_fw-la formulam_fw-la juris_fw-la nostre_fw-fr clientelaris_fw-la quod_fw-la nullius_fw-la villae_fw-la regiae_n glebam_fw-la sed_fw-la ipsum_fw-la tantum_fw-la modo_fw-la regem_fw-la spectat_fw-la tenure_n en_fw-fr chief_n phrasi_fw-la forensi_fw-la dicimus_fw-la sive_fw-la tenura_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la lati_fw-la fundiâ—_fw-la pessidebant_fw-la whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o he_o express_o restrain_v this_o word_n barones_n to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o though_o your_o author_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o nor_o indeed_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n do_v mr._n selden_n give_v we_o any_o other_o description_n of_o a_o baron_n v._n i_o mean_v such_o who_o have_v a_o vote_n in_o parliament_n but_o such_o in_o the_o sense_n that_o be_v take_v in_o henry_n i._o his_o charter_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o matt._n paris_n siquis_fw-la baronum_fw-la meorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la vel_fw-la aliorm_n qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr i_o tenent_fw-la mortuus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la i._n e._n one_o who_o be_v either_o one_o of_o the_o earl_n or_o great_a baron_n or_o otherwise_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la f._n mr._n p._n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v blame_v as_o you_o make_v he_o
and_o the_o other_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o since_o the_o 17_o of_o king_n john_n be_v summon_v by_o one_o common_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n since_o which_o time_n if_o not_o some_o time_n before_o i_o grant_v these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o look_v upon_o as_o baron_n or_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n proper_o so_o call_v yet_o do_v their_o vote_n in_o parliament_n still_o conclude_v and_o charge_v their_o tenant_n in_o the_o make_n and_o impose_v of_o tax_n or_o law_n which_o they_o alone_o together_o with_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a baron_n still_o perform_v until_o the_o time_n i_o assign_v f._n i_o see_v you_o be_v in_o a_o wood_n and_o do_v not_o know_v well_o under_o what_o class_n to_o rank_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o if_o they_o be_v at_o first_o all_o lord_n or_o peer_n how_o can_v they_o serve_v upon_o jury_n in_o hundred_o or_o county_z court_n if_o they_o be_v mere_a commoner_n than_o there_o be_v commons_o in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o and_o why_o may_v not_o other_o as_o considerable_a commoner_n have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o they_o whether_o they_o be_v the_o king_n baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o but_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o we_o never_o have_v any_o baron_n hold_v by_o mean_a tenure_n here_o in_o england_n this_o be_v plain_o equivocal_a for_o if_o you_o mean_v it_o of_o barony_n in_o capite_fw-la it_o be_v true_a if_o of_o other_o barony_n it_o be_v false_a by_o your_o own_o confession_n and_o sir_n h._n spâ—lman_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o title_n last_o quote_v that_o the_o baron_n of_o burford_n plead_v to_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la and_o yet_o he_o be_v never_o any_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o if_o he_o and_o such_o like_a baron_n as_o himself_o have_v no_o place_n in_o parliament_n who_o it_o be_v represent_v they_o there_o and_o therefore_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o dilemma_n i_o grant_v that_o every_o baron_n by_o tenure_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o every_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o a_o baron_n and_o this_o i_o think_v be_v so_o plain_a that_o you_o yourself_o can_v deny_v it_o but_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o next_o question_n i_o can_v answer_v it_o without_o ask_v the_o gentleman_n from_o who_o you_o suppose_v i_o borrow_v the_o notion_n that_o there_o may_v be_v other_o baron_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o estate_n may_v have_v place_n in_o parliament_n suppose_v knight_n of_o shire_n be_v not_o introduce_v till_o after_o henry_n the_o ii_o or_o king_n john_n time_n when_o such_o freeholder_n become_v too_o numerous_a all_o to_o appear_v in_o person_n and_o yet_o these_o may_v not_o be_v baron_n by_o tenure_n and_o therefore_o all_o your_o question_n conclude_v nothing_o for_o you_o suppose_v that_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v prove_v that_o because_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n proper_o so_o call_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v consequent_o his_o baron_n that_o therefore_o none_o but_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n you_o only_o suppose_v and_o i_o as_o positive_o deny_v m._n well_o sir_n since_o you_o put_v it_o to_o that_o issue_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v full_o convince_v you_o that_o none_o but_o the_o person_n i_o have_v mention_v be_v the_o constituent_a member_n of_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n before_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o or_o 18_o edw._n i_o and_o who_o do_v give_v assent_v to_o all_o law_n that_o be_v make_v and_o all_o tax_n that_o be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o themselves_o and_o their_o under-tenant_n who_o be_v then_o conclude_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o superior_a lord_n but_o not_o to_o wrangle_v with_o you_o any_o long_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n 116._o i_o grant_v there_o be_v nominal_a or_o titular_a baron_n very_o many_o such_o as_o i_o have_v mention_v nay_o that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o great_a subject_n who_o have_v tenant_n that_o hold_v 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 〈◊〉_d nay_o more_o knight_n fee_n under_o they_o and_o who_o have_v the_o name_n and_o title_n of_o baron_n but_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o purpose_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v prove_v to_o i_o by_o any_o direct_a proof_n that_o these_o sort_n of_o man_n have_v any_o voice_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n in_o our_o great_a council_n till_o after_o the_o time_n we_o allow_v they_o and_o this_o beside_o the_o proof_n i_o have_v already_o bring_v i_o think_v be_v sufficient_a since_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o barones_n regni_fw-la or_o terra_n and_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la be_v all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n that_o be_v they_o be_v the_o king_n be_v great_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o alone_o constitute_v the_o baronage_n or_o university_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n or_o of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o for_o the_o far_a proof_n of_o this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o those_o very_a argument_n your_o own_o author_n 111._o mr._n p._n have_v make_v use_n of_o in_o his_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v wherein_o he_o will_v prove_v from_o certain_a letter_n that_o be_v send_v from_o the_o baronage_n or_o university_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n to_o the_o pope_n against_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n exaction_n here_o in_o england_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o bring_v only_a fragment_n phrase_n or_o single_a word_n out_o of_o the_o record_n or_o history_n which_o seem_v to_o countenance_v my_o opinion_n contrary_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o those_o record_n and_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o historian_n as_o some_o of_o your_o man_n do_v but_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o quotation_n out_o of_o those_o author_n whole_a and_o entire_a and_o shall_v make_v such_o reasonable_a deduction_n from_o they_o as_o i_o think_v you_o will_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o deny_v to_o be_v fair_o raise_v from_o the_o word_n themselves_o and_o also_o as_o matt._n paris_n relate_v in_o the_o 29_o hen._n iii_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n send_v letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 658._o then_o at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o pope_n exaction_n which_o letter_n be_v say_v by_o this_o author_n to_o be_v direct_v a_o magnatibus_fw-la &_o universitate_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v also_o true_a that_o in_o the_o same_o year_n there_o be_v other_o letter_n send_v thither_o from_o the_o same_o party_n to_o the_o cardinal_n there_o assemble_v which_o be_v recite_v by_o the_o old_a manuscript_n to_o have_v send_v messenger_n to_o the_o cardinal_n and_o the_o old_a manuscript_n in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n that_o they_o send_v to_o the_o cardinal_n assemble_v at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n â—_z a_o baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o universis_fw-la baronagii_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la 〈◊〉_d rogeram_fw-la bigod_n comitem_fw-la norff._n willielmum_fw-la de_fw-la cantelupo_n johannem_fw-la silium_fw-la galfriâ—â—â—_n radulphum_fw-la filium_fw-la nicholas_n philippum_fw-la basset_n barones_n procuratores_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angâ—â—â—_n tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la innocentio_n papa_n quarto_fw-la celebrante_fw-la concilium_fw-la ibi_fw-la generale_fw-mi anno_fw-la gratia_n 1245._o and_o the_o letter_n be_v thus_o direct_v venerabilibus_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la fratribus_fw-la uniâ—â—sis_fw-la &_o singulis_n dei_fw-la gratia_n salutem_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o that_o matt._n of_o westminster_n do_v likewise_o agree_v in_o this_o relation_n only_o style_v the_o person_n last_o name_v milites_fw-la who_o matt._n paris_n call_v viri_fw-la nobiles_fw-la &_o discreti_fw-la but_o this_o will_v make_v no_o difference_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o and_o to_o these_o matt._n of_o westminster_n add_v mr._n william_n powic_n clark_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v their_o secretary_n but_o notwithstanding_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o all_o these_o person_n so_o send_v name_v barones_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la 103.104_o do_v not_o represent_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n at_o all_o but_o only_o the_o great_a earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o first_o it_o appear_v from_o sir_n w._n dugdale_n baronage_n of_o england_n they_o that_o every_o one_o of_o the_o person_n here_o name_v be_v either_o a_o earl_n baron_n or_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o nâ—â—_n common_a person_n as_o your_o author_n will_v have_v they_o and_o though_o it_o true_a the_o cottonian_a manuscript_n
refer_v but_o to_o this_o very_a letter_n which_o be_v assent_v as_o well_o per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o by_o your_o baron_n here_o call_v nobiles_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o this_o application_n thereof_o be_v give_v by_o mr_n pryn_n himself_o when_o he_o make_v use_v of_o these_o record_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v far_o that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o for_o all_o this_o author_n opinion_n to_o the_o contrary_a 119._o may_v join_v in_o a_o letter_n ro_o the_o pope_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o that_o which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o 17_o the_o of_o edw._n iii_o about_o the_o provision_n of_o benefice_n which_o then_o grow_v so_o exorbitant_a that_o walsingham_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n quod_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la regni_fw-la pati_fw-la noluit_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o phrase_n the_o letter_n itself_o will_v best_o explain_v 161._o the_o beginning_n and_o conclusion_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o english_a as_o you_o may_v find_v it_o in_o mr._n fox_n book_n of_o martyr_n to_o the_o most_o holy_a father_n in_o god_n lord_n clement_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n of_o the_o holy_a church_n of_o rome_n 501._o and_o of_o the_o universal_a church_n chief_a and_o high-bishop_n his_o humble_a and_o devout_a child_n the_o prince_n duke_n earls_z baron_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o all_o the_o communality_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n assemble_v at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n the_o 15_o the_o day_n of_o may_n last_o pass_v etc._n etc._n in_o witness_v whereof_o we_o have_v hereunto_o set_v our_o 〈◊〉_d give_v in_o the_o full_a parliament_n at_o westminst_n on_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o may_n anno_fw-la drâ—_n 1343._o and_o it_o still_o appear_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n viz._n 17_o edw._n iii_o n._n 59_o that_o the_o commons_o petition_v the_o king_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v stay_v at_o the_o parliament_n till_o they_o have_v perfect_v and_o seal_v this_o letter_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o letter_n then_o write_v by_o the_o parliament_n 3._o appear_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n still_o among_o the_o tower_n record_n in_o which_o he_o imitate_v his_o grandfather_n edw._n i._n and_o great_a grandfather_n hen._n iii_o who_o also_o seâ—_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n on_o such_o like_a occasion_n but_o in_o those_o to_o excuse_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n from_o be_v the_o author_n of_o those_o complain_v he_o have_v this_o passage_n that_o since_o it_o be_v the_o judgement_n tam_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o nobilium_fw-la quaâ—_n communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o ultimo_fw-la parliamento_fw-la contra_fw-la provisorum_fw-la exercitum_fw-la to_o conclude_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o under_o the_o universitas_fw-la regâ—â—_n in_o the_o first_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 29_o hen._n iii_o and_o under_o the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o 29_o edw._n i._o be_v mean_v the_o same_o estate_n or_o order_n of_o man_n as_o be_v more_o particular_o recite_v in_o this_o present_a letter_n viz._n the_o 〈◊〉_d lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n assemble_v m._n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v with_o the_o sense_n you_o now_o put_v â—pon_o these_o word_n universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la before_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n for_o you_o yourself_o must_v grant_v that_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la take_v in_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o same_o whole_a body_n or_o community_n thereof_o therefore_o if_o i_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o in_o those_o time_n this_o universâ—â—y_n or_o community_n consist_v only_o of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la ought_v never_o to_o be_v interpret_v by_o the_o english_a word_n commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n till_o after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o allow_v the_o commons_o be_v admit_v to_o make_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n nor_o always_o then_o neither_o and_o mr._n p._n in_o his_o book_n which_o we_o have_v so_o often_o cite_v have_v do_v very_o unfair_o to_o make_v the_o universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o comprehend_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o they_o everappear_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o and_o so_o have_v he_o likewise_o abuse_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v to_o signify_v the_o commons_o when_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o more_o thereby_o mean_v than_o the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o laity_n which_o at_o that_o time_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o the_o earl_n baron_n or_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 28._o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o by_o communitas_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la or_o baronum_n be_v often_o understand_v the_o body_n of_o the_o prelate_n or_o great_a baron_n only_o call_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la yet_o most_o frequent_o these_o with_o all_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v make_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n and_o be_v altogether_o call_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n the_o community_n of_o the_o land_n or_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o this_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o undeniable_a proof_n by_o and_o by_o f._n i_o be_o very_a well_o aware_a that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la often_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n yet_o not_o exclude_v the_o commons_o as_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v for_o then_o the_o word_n must_v signify_v quite_o contrary_a to_o its_o genuine_a signification_n instead_o of_o people_n the_o great_a nobility_n only_o yet_o that_o when_o it_o be_v put_v after_o as_o distinct_a from_o magnate_n it_o must_v mean_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la do_v not_o always_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o nobility_n only_o 55._o but_o take_v in_o oftentimes_o the_o commons_o too_o pray_v see_v matt._n west_n who_o tell_v we_o king_n edw._n i._o in_o the_o 34th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la melitia_fw-la silii_fw-la regis_fw-la concessus_fw-la est_fw-la regi_fw-la zomus_fw-la denarius_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la mercatores_fw-la vero_fw-la vicesâ—mum_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la upon_o which_o your_o dr._n in_o his_o glossary_a very_a well_o remark_n that_o it_o be_v evident_a upon_o record_n who_o be_v the_o populus_fw-la mean_v by_o the_o historian_n viz._n the_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la so_o that_o unless_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v lord_n it_o be_v plain_a populus_fw-la take_v in_o the_o commonâ—_n too_o but_o universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la call_v in_o french_a le_fw-fr communâ—_n dangletterre_fw-fr be_v often_o take_v for_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n and_o this_o sir_n edward_n coke_n own_v express_o in_o his_o 2d_o instit._n upon_o these_o word_n in_o articulis_fw-la supâ—â—_n chartas_n 539._o thus_o here_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v take_v for_o people_n so_o astout_a le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v here_o take_v for_o all_o the_o people_n and_o this_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n for_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n but_o general_o to_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o realm_n viz._n to_o those_o of_o thâ—_n clergy_n and_o to_o those_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o to_o the_o commons_o also_o and_o this_o be_v a_o rational_a as_o well_o as_o grammatical_a interpretation_n for_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n universus_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o whole_a 〈◊〉_d universal_a so_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n 〈◊〉_d common_a or_o general_n so_o that_o these_o two_o word_n when_o use_v simple_o in_o a_o political_a 〈◊〉_d legal_a sense_n aught_o to_o take_v in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o all_o sort_n and_o condition_n of_o freemen_n appear_v themselves_o or_o their_o lawful_a proxy_n or_o representative_n in_o parliament_n but_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o under_o those_o general_n word_n use_v in_o our_o historian_n and_o record_n viz._n principes_fw-la proceres_fw-la nobiles_fw-la magnates_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v then_o comprehend_v either_o all_o the_o considerable_a freeholder_n oâ—_n lord_n of_o manner_n or_o else_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n so_o
voluntate_fw-la &_o precipto_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la â—â—â—datorum_fw-la baâ—onium_fw-la ac_fw-la etiam_fw-la communitatis_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la praesentium_fw-la m._n i_o think_v the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o full_a satisfaction_n as_o to_o this_o record_n p._n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n the_o substance_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o in_o short_a first_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o force_a peace_n simon_n mountford_n and_o his_o faction_n then_o hold_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n as_o also_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n the_o king_n brother_n as_o good_a as_o prisoner_n and_o make_v they_o do_v what_o he_o please_v and_o he_o carry_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n along_o with_o he_o until_o he_o have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o strong_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v than_o he_o call_v this_o parliament_n which_o can_v not_o be_v one_o in_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v now_o take_v since_o there_o be_v none_o there_o but_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o head_n of_o the_o rebel_n which_o have_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o their_o power_n and_o as_o you_o yourself_o set_v forth_o be_v the_o same_o person_n that_o seal_v it_o for_o themselves_o and_o the_o other_o baron_n and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o community_n must_v be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o great_a man_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o military_a service_n and_o no_o other_o for_o how_o can_v the_o lord_n and_o baron_n sign_v any_o thing_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v they_o do_v not_o then_o nor_o now_o do_v represent_v they_o 217._o but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o another_o authority_n to_o make_v this_o clear_a of_o some_o year_n before_o relate_v in_o matt._n paris_n viz._n anno_fw-la dom._n 12â—â—_n 42_o d_o hen._n iii_o where_o letter_n be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v a_o communitate_fw-la angliae_fw-la to_o the_o pope_n concern_v aymer_n de_fw-fr valence_n bishop_n elect_n of_o wachester_n the_o direction_n be_v thus_o sanctissimo_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la patri_fw-la etc._n etc._n communitas_fw-la comitum_fw-la procerum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la cum_fw-la subjectione_n debita_fw-la pedum_n osrâ—â—â—_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o put_v the_o matter_n beyond_o all_o doubt_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o letter_n be_v seal_v by_o six_o earl_n and_o five_o baron_n only_o vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la i_o need_v 〈◊〉_d give_v you_o their_o name_n since_o you_o may_v find_v they_o in_o the_o author_n himself_o as_o also_o cite_v by_o the_o dr._n and_o as_o for_o h._n bigod_n the_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o four_o person_n name_v after_o he_o they_o be_v prove_v by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n in_o his_o baronage_n of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v the_o great_a baron_n in_o the_o kingdom_n now_o pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o this_o question_n do_v these_o eleven_o person_n all_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n represent_v the_o whole_a commons_o or_o community_n of_o england_n as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v or_o do_v they_o represent_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n only_o together_o with_o the_o alios_fw-la the_o milites_fw-la which_o hold_v by_o military_a service_n of_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o whole_a community_n here_o intend_v must_v be_v one_o of_o they_o take_v which_o you_o please_v you_o will_v lose_v the_o cause_n for_o certain_o these_o great_a 〈◊〉_d and_o baron_n that_o seal_v this_o letter_n vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la be_v not_o choose_v nor_o send_v by_o the_o commons_o to_o this_o parliament_n or_o meeting_n nor_o be_v the_o commons_o represent_v as_o at_o this_o day_n by_o they_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v already_o grant_v f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o make_v any_o long_a reply_n to_o this_o answer_n of_o youâ—â—_n or_o rather_o of_o your_o dr.'s_n since_o it_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o same_o false_a supposition_n with_o the_o other_o viz._n that_o the_o word_n cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la tot_fw-la â_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la must_v always_o mean_v only_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o supposition_n if_o it_o be_v false_a in_o your_o former_a argument_n be_v also_o as_o false_a in_o this_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o too_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v impertinent_a to_o repeat_v my_o answer_n to_o it_o but_o if_o this_o be_v no_o true_a parliament_n because_o simon_n mountford_n have_v then_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o his_o power_n this_o will_v likewise_o serve_v to_o unparliament_n that_o of_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o this_o king_n from_o whence_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n date_n the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n since_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v as_o much_o in_o simon_n mountford_n power_n then_o as_o now_o and_o yet_o no_o man_n as_o i_o know_v of_o ever_o question_v the_o validity_n of_o it_o though_o i_o can_v also_o omit_v that_o you_o pass_v by_o in_o this_o letter_n the_o word_n magnatum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la regni_fw-la under_o which_o word_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v may_v very_o well_o be_v comprehend_v all_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n unless_o the_o word_n have_v run_v thus_o as_o they_o shall_v have_v do_v to_o have_v make_v out_o your_o assertion_n aliorumque_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a point_n you_o insist_v upon_o which_o be_v how_o these_o great_a earlâ—_n and_o baron_n can_v seal_v this_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o these_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o i_o answer_v to_o that_o i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o one_o question_n you_o have_v already_o allow_v that_o the_o ordinary_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o which_o that_o numerous_a body_n chief_o consist_v though_o call_v by_o courtesy_n barones_n minores_fw-la be_v real_o no_o baron_n nor_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o if_o so_o be_v but_o commoner_n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o these_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n you_o mention_v to_o have_v sign_v this_o peace_n and_o this_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n can_v put_v their_o seal_n for_o those_o who_o be_v no_o baron_n themselves_o by_o your_o own_o confession_n and_o you_o can_v say_v they_o represent_v they_o for_o they_o be_v as_o good_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o great_a lord_n but_o if_o you_o say_v they_o do_v it_o by_o their_o order_n and_o consent_n pray_v why_o may_v not_o these_o great_a lord_n or_o baron_n as_o well_o do_v the_o like_a for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n by_o their_o appointment_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o lord_n do_v act_v thus_o in_o the_o letter_n which_o be_v send_v to_o the_o pope_n concern_v the_o business_n of_o scotland_n and_o beside_o i_o must_v here_o observe_v that_o the_o dr._n and_o you_o do_v not_o deal_v fair_o with_o your_o adversary_n in_o cite_v this_o authority_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o baron_n sign_v these_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n vice_n tâ—tius_fw-la communitatâ—s_fw-la angliae_fw-la since_o i_o acknowledge_v in_o this_o place_n the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v put_v alone_o do_v mean_v no_o more_o than_o the_o community_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o in_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v quote_v it_o be_v put_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o so_o then_o must_v mean_v the_o whole_a commonalty_n or_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v and_o as_o it_o have_v be_v always_o use_v in_o french_a as_o well_o as_o in_o latin_a when_o it_o come_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v and_o for_o this_o pray_v see_v the_o stat._n of_o westm._n i._o make_v 3_o d_o edw._n i._n but_o eleven_o year_n after_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o hen._n iii_o per_n l'assâ—ntments_n des_fw-fr aechievesques_n evesques_n abbes_n prior_n count_n baron_n &_o tout_fw-fr le_fw-fr commonalty_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr illonques_fw-la summone_n which_o phrase_n i_o can_v show_v you_o to_o have_v continue_v the_o same_o in_o most_o of_o our_o french_a statute_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n and_o all_o his_o successor_n in_o many_o record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n whilst_o they_o be_v write_v in_o latin_a or_o french_a which_o i_o shall_v omit_v recite_v because_o i_o suppose_v you_o yourself_o will_v allow_v it_o i_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o to_o say_v concern_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la le_fw-fr commune_fw-la &_o le_fw-fr communality_n which_o because_o it_o be_v long_o and_o it_o now_o grow_v late_a i_o shall_v
to_o the_o judgement_n of_o every_o indifferent_a person_n these_o than_o be_v the_o man_n the_o only_a legal_a man_n that_o name_v and_o choose_v jury_n and_o serve_v on_o jury_n themselves_o both_o in_o the_o country_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o dispatch_v all_o country_n business_n under_o the_o great_a officer_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o next_o law_n with_o a_o little_a explication_n ut_fw-la jura_n regius_fw-la illaesa_fw-la seruare_fw-la pro_fw-la viribus_fw-la câ—entur_fw-la subditi_fw-la statuimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la praedicti_fw-la sint_fw-la fratres_n conjurati_fw-la ad_fw-la monarchiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la pro_fw-la viribus_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o facultatibus_fw-la contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la defendendum_fw-la &_o viriliter_fw-la servaâ—um_fw-la pacem_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la coronae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la integram_fw-la observandam_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la judicium_fw-la recâ—um_fw-la &_o justitiam_fw-la constant_a omnibus_fw-la modis_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la faâ—endam_fw-la now_o the_o judgement_n they_o be_v to_o give_v and_o the_o justice_n they_o be_v to_o do_v by_o this_o law_n beside_o that_o in_o their_o own_o court_n and_o jurisdiction_n be_v principal_o as_o they_o be_v juror_n or_o recognitor_n upon_o assize_n etc._n etc._n though_o some_o of_o the_o great_a of_o their_o milites_fw-la be_v often_o sheriff_n hundredary_n and_o other_o under_o judge_n and_o ministerial_a officer_n of_o justice_n in_o their_o several_a county_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o glanâ—ille_n every_o where_o but_o especial_o lib._n 2._o c._n 10_o 11._o lib._n 9_o c._n 7._o c._n 17._o &_o lib._n 13._o throughout_o this_o of_o be_v suitor_n to_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n etc._n etc._n be_v a_o service_n incident_a to_o their_o tenor_n and_o before_o they_o many_o time_n ancient_o in_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o not_o private_o in_o a_o chamber_n be_v execute_v deed_n grant_n and_o donation_n of_o land_n contain_v in_o very_o small_a piece_n of_o parchment_n witness_v by_o thomas_n of_o such_o a_o town_n john_n of_o another_o richard_n of_o a_o three_o etc._n etc._n which_o be_v knight_n and_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o military_a service_n in_o those_o town_n of_o considerable_a estate_n and_o not_o the_o low_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o this_o execution_n of_o sales_n and_o assurance_n in_o open_a court_n be_v as_o public_a and_o notorious_a and_o as_o secure_v as_o if_o at_o that_o time_n there_o have_v be_v a_o public_a register_n for_o they_o f._n before_o i_o answer_v your_o conclusion_n from_o king_n vvilliam_n law_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v neither_o with_o the_o account_v you_o give_v how_o the_o commonâ—_n of_o england_n can_v come_v in_o to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n without_o any_o noise_n or_o notice_n take_v of_o it_o either_o by_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o historian_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o improbable_a but_o also_o quite_o contrary_a to_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o history_n itself_o as_o i_o shall_v i_o hope_v make_v good_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o subject_a nor_o be_v your_o argument_n of_o any_o weight_n since_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o william_n the_o conqueror_n so_o subject_v the_o land_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n to_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n that_o therefore_o this_o be_v do_v by_o his_o sole_a power_n without_o any_o law_n for_o it_o make_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o i_o observe_v in_o the_o first_o law_n of_o king_n william_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v that_o the_o very_a service_n which_o you_o say_v be_v reserve_v upon_o the_o land_n he_o have_v bestow_v be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o appoint_v or_o settle_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o therefore_o certain_o the_o service_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n must_v be_v so_o likewise_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v confess_v myself_o to_o be_v of_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n who_o presume_v there_o be_v a_o law_n for_o it_o though_o now_o lose_v and_o can_v believe_v that_o this_o king_n how_o powerful_a soever_o shall_v attempt_v to_o introduce_v so_o great_a a_o yoke_n upon_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o so_o many_o of_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n of_o england_n without_o their_o consent_n express_o give_v to_o a_o law_n and_o make_v in_o the_o great_a council_n concern_v it_o though_o that_o law_n as_o many_o other_o of_o this_o king_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v find_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a design_n of_o your_o present_a discourse_n which_o be_v to_o show_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v in_o the_o first_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n proper_o the_o only_a true_a freeman_n or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o first_o the_o notion_n be_v quite_o new_a and_o never_o hear_v of_o till_o the_o dr._n from_o who_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o first_o broach_v it_o neither_o mr._n lambard_n mr._n somneâ—_n nor_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n nor_o any_o of_o our_o english_a antiquary_n or_o lawyer_n ever_o discover_v any_o such_o thing_n before_o your_o dr._n arise_v to_o disperse_v these_o cloud_n every_o man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v no_o villain_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o freeman_n and_o every_o owner_n of_o land_n of_o inheritance_n though_o of_o never_o so_o small_a a_o proportion_n reckon_v a_o freeholder_n and_o his_o estate_n call_v his_o franc_n tenement_n or_o freehold_n as_o well_o in_o our_o ancient_n as_o modern_a law_n and_o that_o freehold_n be_v not_o restrain_v only_o to_o military_a service_n within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o conquest_n appear_v by_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o which_o it_o be_v express_o recite_v that_o nullus_fw-la distriâ—â—tur_fw-la ad_fw-la faciendum_fw-la majus_fw-la servitium_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la militis_fw-la nec_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la libero_fw-la tenemento_fw-it quâ—â—_n inde_fw-la debetur_fw-la and_o that_o socage_n tenant_n though_o by_o villain_n service_n be_v as_o much_o freeman_n as_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la see_v spelman_n glossary_a tit._n socman_n where_o he_o say_v thus_o socmannus_fw-la in_o natura_fw-la brevinan_n brevi_fw-la de_fw-fr recto_n propriè_fw-la talis_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-fr liâ—e_z est_fw-la &_o tenet_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la seu_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la domino_fw-la in_o antiquo_fw-la dominico_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la seu_fw-la tenementâ—_n in_o villenagio_n libro_fw-la sancti_fw-la albani_n tit._n honcton_n chap_n i._o rege_fw-la angliae_fw-la manerium_fw-la de_fw-la hâ—â—cton_n tenuerunt_fw-la in_o dominico_fw-la omnes_fw-la tenentes_fw-la liberi_fw-la scil_n &_o custumarii_fw-la per_fw-la sokam_fw-la defendebant_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la etc._n etc._n ex_fw-la quo_fw-la patet_fw-la sokmans_fw-mi liberos_fw-la 〈◊〉_d significare_fw-la but_o since_o you_o seem_v to_o make_v a_o distinction_n between_o freeman_n and_o freeholder_n proper_o or_o improper_o so_o call_v since_o king_n vvilliam_n law_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v do_v not_o warrant_v any_o such_o distinction_n i_o must_v beg_v your_o excuse_n if_o i_o be_o not_o of_o your_o opinion_n for_o the_o first_o law_n you_o have_v quote_v warrant_v no_o such_o thing_n it_o only_o say_v that_o all_o freeman_n in_o general_a shall_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o fealty_n to_o the_o king_n to_o maintain_v he_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n against_o 〈◊〉_d enemy_n and_o stranger_n now_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o this_o law_n extend_v to_o all_o freeman_n who_o be_v by_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n recite_v in_o the_o addition_n to_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n to_o take_v the_o very_a same_o oath_n in_o the_o folkmote_a as_o they_o be_v after_o your_o conquest_n to_o do_v according_a to_o this_o law_n either_o in_o the_o county_n court_v or_o sheriff_n turn_v nor_o will_v the_o next_o law_n do_v the_o business_n any_o more_o than_o this_o for_o the_o word_n be_v that_o all_o freeman_n of_o our_o say_a kingdom_n may_v have_v and_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n free_a from_o all_o â—njust_a taillage_n exaction_n etc._n etc._n which_o word_n possession_n extend_v not_o only_o to_o land_n of_o inheritance_n much_o less_o to_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n but_o also_o to_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o all_o other_o chattel_n or_o possession_n as_o well_o real_a as_o personal_a nor_o do_v the_o word_n servitium_n liberum_fw-la extend_v only_o to_o those_o service_n which_o be_v reserve_v upon_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o to_o those_o common_a service_n call_v trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la which_o i_o have_v former_o mention_v â—iz_o the_o building_n and_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n and_o expedition_n against_o foreign_a enemy_n
which_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v liable_a to_o as_o well_o after_o as_o before_o your_o conquest_n nor_o will_v the_o 58_o the_o law_n make_v more_o for_o you_o for_o though_o it_o â—â—ly_o say_v that_o all_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o their_o servitor_n or_o esquire_n and_o all_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v always_o be_v fit_v with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o they_o â—â—ought_v to_o be_v and_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v according_a to_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o â—ees_n and_o tenor_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o law_n can_v extend_v to_o the_o less_o 〈◊〉_d capite_fw-la only_a since_o they_o according_a to_o your_o own_o sense_n be_v comprehend_v â—â—eder_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la and_o their_o servientes_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o mean_v their_o feudataâ—y_a tenant_n be_v as_o much_o tie_v by_o this_o law_n to_o find_v horse_n and_o arm_n as_o the_o tâ—â—ants_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_o so_o that_o whereas_o the_o law_n say_v express_o uniâ—â—rsi_fw-la liberi_fw-la â—â—mines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la it_o shall_v have_v be_v to_o make_v good_a your_o sense_n universe_n libeâ—â—_n homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenant_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o freeman_n who_o be_v â—f_o lesser_a estate_n than_o to_o find_v horse_n they_o be_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o such_o arm_n as_o beâ—â—ed_v their_o condition_n as_o we_o see_v it_o explain_v by_o the_o assize_n of_o arm_n of_o henry_n ii_o which_o i_o have_v now_o cite_v so_o that_o this_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o 〈◊〉_d sense_n you_o put_v upon_o it_o that_o all_o the_o true_a freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o if_o none_o be_v freeman_n that_o do_v not_o but_o refer_v the_o word_n horse_n and_o arm_n to_o those_o who_o be_v to_o â—ind_v both_o and_o the_o word_n arm_n to_o those_o freeman_n who_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o keep_v arm_n â—it_a for_o footman_n which_o sense_n the_o word_n will_v very_o well_o bear_v though_o express_v general_o and_o concise_o according_a to_o the_o mode_n of_o those_o time_n which_o abhor_v more_o word_n than_o â—eeds_o and_o if_o these_o law_n will_v not_o prove_v what_o you_o bring_v they_o for_o much_o less_o till_o the_o last_o you_o have_v cite_v for_o if_o the_o word_n omneâ—_n liberâ—_n homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarâ—â—_n in_o the_o first_o law_n who_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n must_v â—â—tend_v to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n as_o certain_o it_o do_v all_o freeman_n be_v aâ—â—e_n oblige_v to_o be_v swear_v in_o the_o court_n leer_n and_o county_n court_n so_o must_v this_o too_o 〈◊〉_d title_n be_v that_o omnes_fw-la subditi_fw-la all_o the_o subject_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o maintain_v the_o king_n right_n with_o all_o their_o power_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o subditi_fw-la here_o be_v the_o same_o with_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o first_o law_n yet_o since_o by_o that_o law_n all_o freeman_n be_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n these_o must_v be_v also_o the_o very_a same_o freeman_n who_o be_v to_o be_v swear_v brother_n to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o their_o power_n and_o estate_n so_o that_o all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v your_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v the_o only_a freeman_n that_o serve_v oâ—_n jury_n etc._n etc._n be_v build_v upon_o a_o false_a interpretation_n of_o these_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v but_o the_o mere_a fancy_n and_o imagination_n of_o the_o author_n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v they_o but_o take_v the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o strict_a sense_n and_o as_o they_o be_v be_v the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n and_o h._n iii_o chap._n 14._o where_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o libre_fw-la homo_fw-la non_fw-la amercietur_fw-la pro_fw-la parvo_fw-la delicto_fw-la nisi_fw-la secundum_fw-la modum_fw-la illius_fw-la delicti_fw-la saluâ—â—h_fw-mi contenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la &_o mercatar_a eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la salva_fw-la marchandiza_fw-mi &_o villanus_fw-la saluâ—_n wâ—nagio_n upon_o which_o word_n sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o his_o 2_o d._n inst._n observe_v that_o 〈◊〉_d homo_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v such_o a_o one_o as_o enjoy_v a_o franc_n tenement_n that_o be_v any_o sort_n of_o freeâ—â—_n hold_v but_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o prove_v by_o some_o plain_a authority_n that_o the_o arch-bishops_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n etc._n etc._n together_o with_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capita_fw-la be_v the_o only_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o tax_n and_o make_v law_n in_o the_o time_n immediate_o succeed_v the_o reign_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o m._n i_o shall_v perform_v your_o desire_n and_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o great_a council_n 〈◊〉_d parliament_n hold_v at_o clarendon_n of_o which_o matt._n paris_n tell_v we_o 〈◊〉_d dom._n 1164._o 10_o the_o of_o king_n h._n ii_o â—20_n in_o presentia_fw-la regis_fw-la henriâ—s_n 〈…〉_z rendon_n 8_o calend._n febr._n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr mandato_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regis_fw-la presentibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la recognitio_fw-la and_o which_o quadrilogus_fw-la and_o gervasâ—_n 〈◊〉_d canterbury_n comprise_v under_o the_o general_a term_n of_o brasules_a &_o prâ—ceres_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingâ—dom_n 1164._o what_o can_v be_v more_o clear_a by_o this_o enumeration_n of_o the_o constitâ—â—ent_a part_n of_o this_o full_a parliament_n as_o mr._n sâ—lden_n and_o other_o author_n agree_v it_o to_o be_v than_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o none_o of_o theâ—_n and_o that_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la in_o hoveden_n be_v only_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o lay_v nobility_n so_o likewise_o when_o these_o constitution_n be_v again_o renew_v by_o this_o king_n at_o bathampton_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o though_o by_o a_o mistake_v it_o be_v writtâ—â—_n nottingham_n that_o rex_fw-la pater_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la magnum_fw-la consilium_fw-la de_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v regni_fw-la 50._o &_o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopâ—â—_n comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la which_o council_n be_v more_o particular_o recite_v by_o benedictus_n abbas_n in_o his_o manuscript_n history_n 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n anno._n 1176._o which_o be_v the_o 25_o the_o h._n 〈◊〉_d circa_n festum_fw-la conversionis_fw-la sancti_fw-la pauli_n julii_fw-la venit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la usque_fw-la â—â—â—thampton_fw-la &_o magnum_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d episcopis_fw-la &_o comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la eye_v per_fw-la 〈◊〉_d regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o per_fw-la concilium_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o nilitâ—â—_n hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la hanc_fw-la subscriptam_fw-la assisam_fw-la â—ecit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n dean_n of_o st._n paul_n a._n d._n 1210._o a_o diligent_a searcher_n into_o the_o history_n and_o transaction_n of_o his_o own_o and_o former_a time_n 40._o do_v yet_o more_o full_o declare_v the_o meaning_n of_o abbot_n benedict_n in_o the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o this_o great_a council_n thus_o rex_fw-la juxta_fw-la consilium_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la regis_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la consentientibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n hoc_fw-la autem_fw-la factum_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la northamptonam_fw-la â—ino_fw-la kal_n febr._n from_o all_o which_o authority_n we_o may_v collect_v that_o this_o council_n at_o northampton_n as_o well_o as_o that_o at_o clarendon_n be_v a_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o which_o be_v summon_v of_o the_o laity_n only_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o he_o viz._n the_o king_n land_n to_o which_o be_v also_o add_v for_o the_o better_a explain_v who_o be_v understand_v under_o these_o title_n of_o baronum_n militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la that_o be_v such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o be_v knight_n and_o such_o as_o be_v his_o man_n or_o tenant_n that_o be_v military_a tenant_n as_o be_v not_o knight_v and_o who_o hold_v land_n either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o son_n to_o who_o the_o king_n may_v assign_v divers_a of_o these_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o atturn_v tenant_n to_o he_o 204._o and_o to_o maintain_v his_o court_n and_o kingship_n and_o the_o king_n be_v comites_fw-la and_o barones_n terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n that_o hold_v immediate_o of_o he_o or_o be_v his_o immediate_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o homo_fw-la suus_fw-la &_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la do_v for_o
word_n clâ—rus_n which_o there_o come_v immediate_o after_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n must_v needs_o signify_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n he_o express_v the_o lay_v order_n thus_o cum_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la ac_fw-la proceribus_fw-la cunctis_fw-la where_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o word_n proceres_fw-la here_o put_v distinct_a from_o barones_n which_o may_v very_o well_o signify_v not_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v the_o word_n proceres_fw-la do_v often_o signify_v both_o in_o our_o historian_n and_o record_n but_o quadrilogus_fw-la give_v we_o the_o title_n of_o these_o constitution_n more_o exact_o in_o these_o word_n facta_fw-la est_fw-la ista_fw-la recognitio_fw-la coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la &_o comitibus_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o in_o the_o next_o line_n he_o say_v that_o those_o custom_n be_v thus_o recognize_v per_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o per_fw-la nobiliores_fw-la &_o antiquiores_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o he_o likewise_o distinguish_v between_o the_o bishop_n and_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o those_o who_o in_o the_o first_o place_n he_o call_v proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o the_o next_o he_o call_v nibilores_n &_o antiquiores_fw-la regni_fw-la by_o which_o he_o may_v mean_v the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o be_v call_v in_o the_o saxon_a times_n seniores_fw-la &_o sapientes_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v now_o if_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n appear_v by_o their_o representative_n at_o this_o council_n since_o they_o can_v not_o then_o all_o come_v thither_o in_o person_n any_o more_o than_o now_o to_o imagine_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n shall_v not_o be_v likewise_o there_o by_o their_o representative_n of_o their_o own_o order_n be_v to_o deprive_v the_o commons_o of_o that_o right_n which_o you_o can_v but_o allow_v to_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n to_o conclude_v you_o yourself_o confess_v that_o your_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la sometime_o call_v barones_n minores_fw-la be_v only_o nominal_o and_o nor_o proper_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o sense_n that_o word_n be_v now_o take_v and_o if_o so_o pray_v give_v i_o any_o satisfactory_a reason_n why_o other_o commoner_n as_o well_o as_o they_o viz._n the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n may_v not_o then_o likewise_o have_v have_v place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n m._n i_o see_v you_o use_v your_o utmost_a endeavour_n from_o the_o various_a and_o equivocal_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n in_o question_n between_o we_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n miiâ—a_n &_o homines_fw-la sai_fw-la which_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a can_v not_o be_v according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n at_o that_o time_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o very_a plain_a answer_n to_o your_o question_n why_o other_o commonrss_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o be_v present_a or_o have_v place_n in_o those_o great_a council_n because_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n and_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o that_o time_n appear_v by_o those_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o dr._n b._n have_v make_v use_n of_o with_o so_o good_a success_n against_o mr._n p._n and_o the_o author_n of_o janus_n anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v read_v they_o along_o with_o i_o 〈◊〉_d they_o stand_v here_o in_o the_o appendix_n to_o the_o dr_n complete_a history_n of_o england_n 131._o and_o as_o he_o have_v transcribe_v they_o from_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n in_o bennet_n college_n and_o divide_v they_o into_o so_o many_o distinct_a article_n or_o chapter_n but_o those_o we_o chief_o insist_v upon_o be_v these_o article_n 14._o nullum_fw-la scutagium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ponam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la nisi_fw-la ad_fw-la corpus_fw-la nostrum_fw-la redimendum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la primogenâ—â—_fw-la 〈◊〉_d filium_fw-la nostrum_fw-la militem_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la primogenitam_fw-la filiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la semel_fw-la nâ—â—tandam_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la non_fw-la siet_fw-la nisi_fw-la rationabile_fw-la auxilium_fw-la 15._o simili_fw-la modo_fw-la fiat_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la londinensi_fw-la &_o civitas_n londinensâ—_n habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la antiquas_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terras_fw-la quâ—â—_n per_fw-la aquas_fw-la 16._o praeterea_fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la aliae_fw-la civitates_fw-la &_o burgi_n &_o villae_fw-la &_o barones_n the_o quinque_fw-la portibus_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la portus_n habeant_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertà tes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_fw-la conclium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la aâ—â—liis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la 17._o et_fw-fr de_fw-fr scutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la submoneri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la &_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_n singillatin_a per_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la 18._o et_fw-la praterea_fw-la faciemus_fw-la submoneri_fw-la in_o generali_fw-la per_fw-la vice_n comites_fw-la &_o ballivos_fw-la nostrâ—_fw-la omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la scilicet_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la quadra_fw-la ginta_fw-la dierum_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la certum_fw-la locum_fw-la &_o in_o omnibus_fw-la literis_fw-la submonitionis_fw-la caâ—_n same_o submonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la exponemus_fw-la 19_o et_fw-la sic_fw-la facta_fw-la submonitione_fw-la negotium_fw-la procedat_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la assignatum_fw-la secundâ—â—_n consilium_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la praesentes_fw-la fuâ—rint_fw-la quamvis_fw-la non_fw-la omnes_fw-la submoniti_fw-la venerint_fw-la from_o which_o ancient_a monument_n we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n 1._o that_o the_o king_n exercise_v a_o royal_a prerogative_n before_o this_o charter_n of_o assess_v aid_n and_o scutage_n upon_o all_o sort_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n without_o the_o assent_n oâ—_n the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n since_o call_v the_o parliament_n from_o do_v which_o for_o the_o future_a the_o king_n by_o this_o charter_n tie_v up_o his_o own_o iâ—â—and_n unless_o iâ—_n the_o three_o case_n here_o particular_o reserve_v 2._o that_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o other_o member_n to_o be_v summon_v to_o thâ—â—_n council_n but_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o great_a baron_n bâ—_n particular_a writ_n and_o all_o the_o other_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o one_o general_a summons_n by_o the_o sheriff_n so_o that_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o greaâ—_n council_n before_o this_o time_n only_o consist_v of_o such_o earl_n greaâ—_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 211._o as_o the_o king_n by_o special_a write_v waâ—_n please_v to_o summon_v and_o this_o new_a way_n bring_v in_o a_o greateâ—_n number_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o ever_o have_v appear_v before_o so_o that_o if_o iâ—_n shall_v be_v true_a which_o you_o assert_v that_o this_o charter_n be_v no_o new_a grant_n to_o the_o people_n of_o england_n but_o a_o confirmation_n of_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o liberty_n it_o muâ—â—_n then_o necessary_o follow_v that_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la call_v sometimes_o barones_n minores_fw-la be_v then_o the_o only_a representative_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o that_o the_o inferior_a tenant_n consent_n be_v include_v in_o tâ—â—_n assent_v of_o his_o immediate_a superior_a lord_n p._n who_o presence_n be_v râ—â—quired_v in_o those_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n need_v not_o think_v be_v doubt_v and_o i_o can_v give_v you_o if_o need_v be_v several_a authority_n to_o prove_v it_o but_o pray_v observe_v further_a that_o here_o be_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o in_o this_o charter_n of_o any_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n to_o be_v summon_v to_o the_o great_a council_n unless_o you_o will_v have_v they_o include_v under_o the_o general_a title_n of_o all_o other_o who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o then_o none_o but_o such_o city_n and_o town_n who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la can_v pretend_v to_o send_v any_o member_n much_o less_o be_v there_o any_o mention_n of_o any_o knight_n to_o be_v choose_v for_o county_n which_o certain_o will_v have_v be_v particular_o provide_v for_o by_o this_o charter_n have_v they_o then_o have_v any_o place_n in_o this_o assembly_n so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o otherwise_o represent_v than_o by_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o rest_n of_o king_n john_n and_o most_o part_n of_o king_n henry_n iii_o reign_n for_o aught_o i_o can_v yet_o discern_v for_o though_o this_o charter_n be_v confirm_v in_o the_o second_o and_o nine_o year_n of_o
accepit_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o what_o common_a council_n be_v this_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o anselm_n refer_v himself_o to_o be_v it_o not_o ex_fw-la more_o by_o custom_n you_o can_v find_v in_o eadmer_n any_o summons_n to_o it_o neither_o rex_fw-la asâ—ivit_fw-la nor_o praecepâ—o_o regis_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la nor_o rex_fw-la sanctione_n suâ_fw-la adunavit_fw-la in_o short_a not_o to_o multiply_v example_n look_v where_o you_o will_v in_o eadmerus_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o ancient_a historian_n you_o have_v cite_v and_o you_o will_v still_o find_v that_o the_o person_n who_o meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it and_o without_o any_o summons_n be_v the_o same_o who_o assemble_v by_o the_o king_n summons_n at_o other_o time_n that_o be_v the_o principes_fw-la and_o episcoâ—i_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o terrae_fw-la or_o call_v more_o general_o priâ—ates_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la or_o the_o barones_n or_o majores_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o do_v at_o these_o great_a â—easts_n pro_fw-la more_o go_v to_o court_n and_o hold_v a_o solemn_a curia_n or_o great_a council_n there_o and_o that_o these_o make_v up_o the_o university_n or_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pray_v see_v what_o matt._n paris_n say_v 40._o in_o die_v pentecostes_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la loâ—dini_fw-la festum_fw-la tenens_fw-la magnum_fw-la &_o serenissimum_fw-la â—unc_fw-la compositâ_fw-la per_fw-la regni_fw-la vniversitatem_fw-la eleganti_fw-la epistolâ_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o be_v about_o the_o pope_n exaction_n as_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v and_o hen._n iii_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n call_v the_o same_o person_n magnates_fw-la angliae_fw-la which_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o cardinal_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n he_o call_v magnates_fw-la nostri_fw-la as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o former_a citation_n of_o they_o f._n but_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o this_o question_n may_v not_o our_o first_o norman_a king_n often_o summon_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o one_o of_o the_o say_v usual_a feast_n since_o it_o be_v so_o much_o for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o i_o grant_v be_v then_o all_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n to_o meet_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o at_o the_o same_o time_n though_o the_o writer_n you_o have_v quote_v may_v not_o mention_v their_o be_v summon_v at_o all_o and_o as_o for_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n those_o of_o much_o late_a parliament_n be_v lose_v how_o can_v it_o be_v expect_v we_o shall_v now_o prove_v their_o be_v summon_v so_o many_o year_n before_o m._n i_o confess_v it_o may_v be_v so_o that_o upon_o extraordinary_a business_n 115._o and_o when_o the_o occasion_n be_v great_a and_o the_o king_n desire_v a_o great_a and_o full_a appearance_n they_o may_v also_o receive_v a_o express_a summons_n at_o those_o time_n but_o then_o i_o must_v desire_v you_o to_o show_v we_o any_o mention_n of_o a_o summons_n to_o any_o of_o these_o common_a council_n which_o when_o call_v at_o other_o time_n be_v most_o constant_o mention_v in_o this_o author_n and_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v of_o you_o what_o you_o will_v say_v to_o those_o word_n pro_fw-la more_fw-it convenit_fw-la which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o most_o general_a council_n when_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n meet_v at_o the_o king_n court_n you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o king_n barones_n milites_fw-la magnates_fw-la etc._n etc._n upon_o this_o we_o will_v join_v issue_n and_o i_o affirm_v without_o bring_v proof_n which_o be_v infinite_a in_o this_o case_n that_o all_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n do_v hold_v their_o land_n earldom_n and_o barony_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o his_o person_n and_o that_o be_v in_o capite_fw-la william_n the_o conqueror_n as_o i_o say_v before_o divide_v most_o of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n among_o his_o great_a follower_n to_o hold_v of_o he_o he_o make_v earl_n and_o baron_n such_o as_o he_o please_v they_o and_o their_o descendant_n hold_v upon_o the_o same_o term_n with_o the_o first_o grantor_n which_o be_v to_o find_v so_o many_o horse_n and_o arm_n and_o do_v such_o and_o such_o service_n both_o title_n and_o land_n be_v forfeitable_a for_o treason_n or_o felony_n to_o the_o king_n do_v homage_n for_o they_o and_o every_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n be_v in_o those_o circumstance_n and_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n after_o this_o manner_n other_o land_n be_v give_v to_o other_o person_n for_o mean_a service_n as_o to_o his_o woodward_n forester_n huntsman_n falconer_n cook_n chamberlain_n gouldsinlib_n bailiff_n of_o manor_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o many_o other_o officer_n which_o in_o doomsday-book_n be_v call_v terrae_fw-la thanorum_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o sometime_o servientium_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o i_o doubt_v not_o whatever_o the_o notion_n of_o petyt_n sergeanty_n now_o be_v but_o that_o original_o this_o hold_v of_o land_n be_v the_o true_a tenure_n not_o but_o present_v the_o lord_n with_o a_o bow_n a_o arrow_n a_o pair_n of_o spur_n every_o year_n etc._n etc._n may_v also_o be_v call_v petyt_n serjeanty_n though_o not_o so_o proper_o as_o the_o other_o f._n not_o to_o multiply_v word_n to_o no_o purpose_n i_o think_v your_o reply_n be_v far_o from_o be_v satisfactory_a for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a to_o demand_v that_o we_o shall_v now_o show_v the_o express_a summons_n to_o these_o common_a council_n which_o be_v not_o hold_v the_o more_o since_o you_o know_v that_o all_o ancient_a record_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v destroy_v and_o lose_v for_o if_o we_o can_v produce_v they_o at_o this_o day_n the_o difference_n between_o we_o and_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n will_v quick_o be_v at_o a_o end_n as_o appear_v by_o those_o great_a council_n which_o be_v say_v express_o by_o the_o historian_n i_o have_v cite_v to_o have_v be_v summon_v and_o yet_o no_o such_o writ_n of_o summons_n be_v to_o be_v find_v nor_o be_v it_o any_o good_a argument_n that_o because_o our_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v no_o distinct_a summons_n to_o the_o great_a council_n when_o meet_v at_o the_o usual_a time_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o therefore_o there_o be_v none_o such_o since_o we_o find_v they_o often_o pass_v by_o much_o more_o material_a matter_n than_o this_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o barones_n milites_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v for_o all_o this_o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v member_n of_o this_o great_a council_n since_o there_o may_v be_v in_o those_o time_n other_o baron_n or_o great_a freeholder_n who_o though_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o may_v be_v there_o as_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o else_o appear_v in_o person_n at_o those_o assembly_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o beside_o there_o be_v other_o who_o though_o they_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o of_o some_o great_a honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o of_o some_o abbot_n or_o prior_n yet_o be_v man_n of_o very_o great_a estate_n and_o very_o numerous_a all_o which_o must_v otherwise_o have_v have_v their_o estate_n tax_v and_o law_n make_v for_o they_o without_z nay_o against_o the_o consent_n of_o themselves_o or_o any_o to_o represent_v they_o nor_o be_v your_o assertion_n at_o all_o true_a that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n divide_v most_o of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la for_o beside_o those_o servant_n and_o officer_n you_o last_v mention_v above_o two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o abbey_n and_o priory_n in_o england_n be_v not_o hold_v as_o also_o much_o other_o land_n in_o kent_n and_o other_o country_n per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la or_o knight_n service_n but_o in_o libera_fw-la elecmosina_fw-la only_o or_o socage_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o consequent_o neither_o they_o nor_o their_o tenant_n can_v according_a to_o your_o hypothesis_n have_v any_o representative_n in_o parliament_n and_o far_o you_o yourself_o grant_v that_o those_o land_n you_o mention_v which_o be_v give_v out_o by_o your_o conqueror_n to_o his_o woodward_n forester_n etc._n etc._n do_v not_o capacitate_v they_o to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n since_o their_o tenure_n be_v only_o by_o petyt_n serjeanty_n and_o not_o by_o knight_n service_n nor_o can_v they_o become_v the_o king_n tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n because_o such_o tenant_n
other_o weapon_n and_o the_o second_o article_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n say_v express_o concessimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o omnibut_fw-la liberis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la regui_fw-la anglia_fw-it pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o haeâ—elibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberate_v subscriptas_fw-la â—abeâ—das_fw-la &_o â—enandas_fw-la eye_v &_o haeredibus_fw-la â—uit_fw-la de_fw-fr nobia_n &_o hâ—rodibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la which_o the_o dr._n himself_o render_v thus_o we_o have_v also_o grant_v to_o all_o our_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n and_o sure_o then_o this_o charter_n can_v not_o be_v make_v to_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la unless_o you_o will_v suppose_v that_o none_o but_o they_o be_v freeman_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n slave_n nor_o be_v this_o charter_n only_o make_v to_o relax_v the_o severity_n of_o the_o feudal_n tenor_n as_o you_o suppose_v since_o there_o be_v divers_a other_o clause_n in_o it_o which_o concern_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeman_n and_o free_a holder_n in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o they_o for_o beside_o the_o first_o and_o second_o chapter_n of_o this_o charter_n which_o grant_v and_o confirm_v to_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n their_o right_n and_o liberty_n if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v it_o you_o will_v find_v that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o chapter_n in_o this_o charter_n which_o all_o other_o freeman_n as_o well_o as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v thereby_o a_o interest_n in_o as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o 10_o 11_o 12_o 13._o 15_o 16._o 22_o 23_o 24_o 25._o and_o above_o 30_o other_o chapter_n or_o clause_n therein_o express_v which_o be_v grant_v not_o to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o but_o either_o to_o ecclesiastic_n or_o other_o lay_v freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o to_o prove_v this_o a_o little_a further_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o but_o one_o or_o two_o instance_n out_o of_o this_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o that_o too_o in_o the_o drs._n own_o translation_n article_n 48._o no_o freman_n shall_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v or_o disseise_v of_o his_o free_a tenement_n or_o liberty_n or_o free_a custom_n or_o outlawed_n or_o banish_v or_o any_o way_n destroy_v nor_o will_v we_o pass_v upon_o he_o or_o commit_v he_o to_o prison_n unless_o by_o the_o legal_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n i._n e._n by_o legal_a process_n the_o other_o be_v the_o 49._o article_n of_o this_o charter_n that_o we_o will_v not_o sell_v to_o any_o man_n we_o will_v not_o deny_v any_o maâ—_n or_o delay_v right_o or_o justice_n now_o judge_v yourself_o whether_o these_o two_o article_n be_v make_v to_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o or_o to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o hence_o it_o also_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o same_o body_n of_o freeman_n to_o who_o this_o charter_n be_v make_v be_v likewise_o present_a and_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o the_o make_n of_o it_o nor_o be_v vavasor_n or_o fendatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n great_a lord_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la person_n so_o inconsiderable_a as_o you_o will_v make_v they_o that_o they_o only_o shall_v come_v hither_o but_o as_o follower_n to_o augment_v the_o noise_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v from_o bracton_n that_o there_o be_v divers_a of_o they_o man_n of_o great_a estate_n and_o power_n in_o their_o country_n beside_o the_o tenant_n of_o those_o abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o as_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n at_o all_o and_o yet_o make_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n beside_o tenant_n in_o petyâ—_n serjeanty_n and_o those_o that_o hold_v of_o great_a honour_n who_o can_v never_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v notwithstanding_o what_o you_o affirm_v to_o the_o contrary_a look_v upâ—_n on_o all_o these_o person_n for_o as_o good_a lawmaker_n as_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o they_o all_o since_o the_o main_a force_n of_o the_o nation_n do_v not_o lie_v in_o they_o but_o in_o their_o feudatary_a tenant_n who_o will_v never_o have_v follow_v their_o lord_n in_o this_o assembly_n if_o they_o have_v not_o look_v upon_o themselves_o as_o have_v as_o good_a a_o interest_n in_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n they_o demand_v as_o appear_v by_o this_o silvo_n of_o all_o their_o liberty_n as_o their_o lord_n themselves_o and_o also_o as_o good_a a_o right_a as_o they_o in_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o they_o when_o they_o be_v to_o be_v pass_v into_o a_o law_n as_o they_o be_v by_o this_o charter_n since_o these_o feudatary_a tenant_n be_v not_o at_o all_o oblige_v by_o their_o tenure_n to_o obey_v their_o lord_n summons_n at_o any_o other_o warlike_a expedition_n but_o where_o the_o king_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n go_v out_o in_o person_n m._n i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v that_o this_o can_v be_v no_o parliament_n for_o the_o reason_n already_o give_v and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o these_o charter_n be_v make_v to_o and_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o clergy_n earl_n baron_n and_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o this_o prove_v not_o that_o they_o have_v any_o vote_n or_o suffrage_n in_o make_v of_o they_o 167._o nor_o indeed_o can_v they_o for_o the_o great_a charter_n be_v only_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o people_n draw_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o charter_n and_o pass_v under_o the_o king_n seal_n as_o his_o mere_a voluntary_a free_a grant_n and_o concession_n without_o any_o vote_n or_o authority_n from_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o henry_n iii_o recite_v they_o to_o have_v be_v make_v of_o his_o mere_a grace_n and_o free_a will_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o preface_n to_o it_o but_o pray_v answer_v i_o a_o few_o plain_a question_n concern_v king_n john_n charter_n which_o if_o you_o can_v resolve_v i_o may_v be_v incline_v to_o believe_v there_o may_v be_v some_o other_o great_a council_n beside_o that_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o first_o be_v if_o this_o common_a council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v for_o assess_v of_o aid_n and_o escuage_z only_z as_o you_o suppose_v it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o last_o clâ—use_n of_o this_o charter_n why_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o meeting_n to_o be_v declare_v in_o every_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 170._o if_o they_o be_v only_o summon_v about_o aid_n and_o escuage_z or_o other_o ordinary_a business_n of_o course_n sure_o than_o the_o cause_n of_o summons_n need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v declare_v as_o it_o be_v here_o provide_v in_o omnibus_fw-la litâ—er_fw-la be_v submonitionis_fw-la causam_fw-la submonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la exponemus_fw-la f._n i_o will_v give_v you_o a_o answer_n to_o this_o question_n immediate_o but_o before_o i_o do_v it_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o be_v much_o mistake_v in_o say_v that_o the_o great_a charter_n because_o they_o be_v the_o king_n free_a concession_n be_v therefore_o pass_v without_o any_o vote_n suffrage_n or_o authority_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v in_o our_o discourse_n concern_v the_o legis_fw-la â—â—tive_a power_n that_o the_o matter_n of_o those_o charter_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o affirmative_a of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n long_o before_o your_o conquest_n and_o that_o the_o people_n consent_n and_o suffrage_n be_v sufficient_o give_v in_o their_o draw_v they_o up_o and_o offer_v they_o to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v seal_v and_o accept_v they_o from_o he_o when_o he_o have_v do_v it_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o great_a charter_n be_v always_o call_v statute_n in_o our_o ancient_a record_n and_o aâ—â—s_n of_o parliament_n but_o to_o answer_v your_o question_n i_o suppose_v that_o the_o king_n beside_o the_o ordinary_a business_n of_o their_o assessing_a escuage_z have_v often_o other_o affair_n of_o great_a moment_n to_o be_v transact_v with_o and_o communicate_v to_o his_o bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o which_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o at_o all_o concern_v such_o as_o give_v the_o king_n their_o advice_n as_o a_o great_a council_n concern_v divers_a weighty_a affair_n as_o in_o the_o business_n of_o sicily_n mention_v in_o the_o first_o record_n i_o have_v cite_v as_o also_o about_o undertake_v foreign_a war_n against_o france_n scotland_n wales_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o follow_v and_o assist_v he_o together_o with_o their_o under-tenant_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a tenor_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n
need_n of_o insert_v any_o clause_n to_o this_o charter_n of_o reserve_v or_o confer_v any_o power_n to_o this_o common_a council_n of_o grant_v tax_n and_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o law_n because_o they_o be_v thing_n which_o at_o that_o time_n they_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o complain_v of_o since_o we_o do_v not_o read_v that_o king_n john_n as_o arbitrary_a as_o he_o be_v ever_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o make_v any_o new_a law_n without_o their_o consent_n and_o beside_o it_o be_v implicit_o reserve_v to_o they_o by_o the_o last_o clause_n of_o this_o charter_n viz._n save_v to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o all_o other_o etc._n etc._n the_o liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n which_o they_o have_v before_o so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o any_o other_o clause_n than_o this_o because_o it_o have_v be_v not_o only_o the_o custom_n but_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o king_n to_o lay_v tax_n and_o assess_v escuage_z upon_o the_o nation_n without_o the_o consent_n or_o assistance_n of_o this_o great_a council_n which_o grow_v now_o so_o great_a a_o grievance_n that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v content_v until_o the_o king_n by_o this_o charter_n have_v renounce_v it_o f._n i_o shall_v not_o now_o trouble_v myself_o or_o you_o to_o confute_v this_o mistake_n of_o you_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n can_v legal_o raise_v tax_n upon_o all_o their_o subject_n without_o consent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n or_o that_o they_o ever_o exercise_v such_o a_o prerogative_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o violent_a reign_n of_o the_o two_o williams_n and_o then_o if_o it_o be_v ever_o do_v it_o be_v only_o upon_o their_o english_a and_o not_o their_o norman_a subject_n the_o latter_a be_v exempt_a from_o it_o by_o the_o very_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n william_n i._o by_o your_o own_o confession_n nor_o will_v they_o i_o believe_v have_v bear_v it_o at_o his_o hand_n but_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o particular_o of_o this_o another_o time_n only_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o this_o one_o question_n if_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n have_v be_v intend_v as_o a_o constant_a stand_a rule_n or_o form_n not_o only_o for_o this_o but_o all_o succeed_a common_a council_n or_o parliament_n what_o can_v be_v the_o reason_n that_o this_o clause_n you_o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o of_o summon_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v omit_v in_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o hen._n iii_o grant_v in_o the_o 2d_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o but_o three_o year_n after_o the_o 17._o of_o king_n john_n when_o these_o charter_n be_v first_o grant_v as_o also_o when_o it_o be_v again_o confirm_v in_o the_o 9th_o of_o hen._n iii_o for_o can_v any_o one_o of_o sense_n imagine_v that_o so_o material_a a_o clause_n as_o this_o and_o so_o express_v for_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o sole_a representative_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n can_v have_v be_v omit_v have_v they_o alone_o in_o those_o time_n constitute_v the_o common_a great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pâ—sâ—_n that_o in_o all_o the_o record_n of_o hen._n iii_o reign_n wherein_o this_o charter_n be_v mention_v it_o be_v always_o recite_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la nostra_fw-la viz._n his_o own_o charter_n without_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o father_n i_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o receive_v a_o satisfactory_a answer_n to_o this_o question_n from_o yourself_o or_o any_o other_o intelligent_a person_n m._n i_o hope_v i_o may_v give_v you_o a_o satisfactory_a answer_n to_o this_o scruple_n which_o i_o think_v may_v be_v thus_o satisfy_v i_o conceive_v that_o the_o first_o great_a charter_n we_o have_v which_o be_v commoly_a attribute_v to_o henry_n iii_o and_o style_v his_o charter_n in_o our_o statute-book_n be_v proper_o the_o charter_n of_o edw._n i._n or_o perhaps_o rather_o his_o explication_n or_o enlargement_n of_o those_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o for_o we_o find_v not_o the_o great_a charter_n either_o of_o that_o or_o king_n john_n in_o any_o of_o the_o roll_n until_o the_o 25_o of_o edw._n i._n and_o he_o have_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n for_o confirm_v this_o charter_n than_o henry_n iii_o have_v now_o in_o this_o charter_n then_o confirm_v there_o be_v no_o provision_n make_v for_o any_o summons_n to_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o the_o reason_n may_v well_o be_v because_o the_o constitution_n of_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v late_o change_v from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o king_n john_n time_n and_o till_o the_o 49._o of_o henry_n iii_o nor_o perhaps_o be_v it_o so_o fix_a and_o peremptory_o resolve_v on_o at_o this_o time_n what_o it_o shall_v exact_o be_v for_o the_o future_a as_o to_o have_v it_o make_v a_o article_n of_o the_o charter_n and_o to_o this_o conjecture_n the_o frequent_a variation_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n in_o those_o time_n do_v give_v a_o probable_a confirmation_n f._n i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v with_o this_o supposition_n of_o you_o for_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v altogether_o vain_a and_o ground_v upon_o no_o good_a authority_n either_o from_o history_n or_o record_n but_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o before_o i_o have_v do_v that_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la which_o we_o have_v still_o upon_o record_n by_o inspeximus_fw-la of_o edw._n i_o be_v the_o very_a same_o word_n for_o word_n in_o all_o the_o material_a part_n of_o it_o with_o that_o of_o hen._n iii_o both_o of_o the_o 2d_o and_o 9th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n at_o all_o make_v as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o a_o summon_v or_o choose_v member_n of_o parliament_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n to_o the_o very_a end_n of_o it_o nor_o yet_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n i._n as_o you_o suppose_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o be_v displease_v to_o see_v that_o prove_v though_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o show_v you_o the_o contrary_n but_o before_o we_o proceed_v to_o that_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v that_o there_o ever_o be_v ancient_o two_o council_n one_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o methinks_v not_o only_a yourself_o but_o mr._n petyt_n and_o mr._n atwood_n his_o second_o have_v fall_v very_o short_a of_o their_o proof_n they_o have_v bring_v in_o this_o point_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o drs._n whole_a answer_n to_o they_o in_o which_o in_o my_o opinion_n he_o have_v obtain_v a_o clear_a victory_n therefore_o pray_v give_v i_o some_o better_a proof_n of_o this_o distinction_n if_o you_o have_v any_o f._n i_o do_v not_o imagine_v i_o shall_v have_v need_v to_o have_v speak_v any_o further_a upon_o that_o head_n yet_o since_o you_o now_o require_v it_o i_o shall_v obey_v your_o command_n since_o therefore_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o time_n before_o your_o conquest_n be_v obscure_a and_o the_o authority_n uncertain_a i_o will_v give_v you_o a_o short_a history_n of_o these_o council_n begin_v with_o king_n william_n i_o and_o so_o go_v down_o as_o low_a as_o henry_n iii_o so_o fâ—r_v then_o we_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it at_o the_o great_a feast_n of_o the_o year_n and_o that_o they_o also_o grant_v the_o king_n aid_n or_o subsidy_n to_o be_v levy_v upon_o themselves_o alone_o as_o i_o grant_v appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o 19_o of_o henry_n iii_o which_o you_o have_v but_o now_o cite_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o sussex_n but_o that_o this_o council_n which_o be_v thus_o hold_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it be_v also_o often_o summon_v to_o meet_v at_o other_o time_n when_o the_o king_n occasion_n require_v it_o dorso_fw-la it_o also_o as_o certain_a as_o appear_v by_o this_o writ_n of_o the_o 26._o of_o the_o same_o king_n which_o i_o shall_v read_v to_o you_o rex_fw-la vicecomiti_a northampton_n etc._n etc._n praecipimus_fw-la tibi_fw-la sicut_fw-la alius_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la summoniri_fw-la facier_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n abbates_n priores_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o liberos_fw-la homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la vicecomitibus_a angliae_fw-la which_o write_v extend_v only_o to_o those_o who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la can_v never_o be_v a_o summons_n to_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o then_o this_o restriction_n have_v be_v needless_a qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o it_o will_v have_v
indeed_o if_o the_o word_n have_v be_v milites_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tâ—nâ—ntes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la you_o have_v say_v somewhat_o but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v all_o mere_a supposition_n without_o any_o ground_n but_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o the_o last_o woâ—ds_n in_o this_o charter_n &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la what_o can_v they_o mean_v â—ut_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v this_o fifteen_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_a m._n if_o you_o do_v not_o like_o our_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n milites_fw-la and_o libere_fw-la terentes_fw-la i_o can_v help_v it_o nor_o shall_v i_o dispute_v they_o long_o with_o you_o but_o as_o for_o this_o last_o clause_n in_o the_o charter_n 65._o &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la it_o only_a mean_n all_o these_o who_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o general_a in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o when_o our_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v regnum_fw-la &_o sâ—cerdotium_n by_o regnum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v both_o the_o temporal_a and_o spiritual_a baron_n great_a and_o small_a the_o king_n justice_n or_o any_o other_o that_o exercit_v any_o share_n or_o ministerial_a part_n of_o the_o government_n as_o perhaps_o all_o those_o diâ—_n one_o way_n or_o other_o by_o come_v to_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o quadri_fw-la partiâ—e_v history_n concern_v thomâ—s_n becket_n thus_o rex_fw-la apud_fw-la clarendun_v regnum_fw-la convo_fw-la aâ—_n universum_fw-la quò_fw-la come_v venisâ—_n ut_fw-la prasules_a &_o proceres_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n the_o whole_a baronage_n call_v together_o by_o the_o king_n writ_n or_o a_o full_a meeting_n of_o the_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a baron_n both_o great_a and_o small_a i_o pray_v also_o remember_v that_o passage_n you_o yourself_o make_v use_v of_o but_o now_o out_o of_o mat._n paris_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la because_o that_o after_o the_o curia_n hold_v at_o christmas_n the_o king_n immediate_o issue_v out_o his_o writ_n command_a omnibus_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantibus_fw-la to_o appear_v at_o london_n and_o yet_o you_o see_v there_o be_v no_o more_o mention_v to_o be_v summon_v than_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n 65._o so_o that_o we_o may_v hence_o learn_v the_o true_a meaning_n of_o these_o word_n omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o charter_n for_o these_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o omnes_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantes_fw-la in_o mat._n paris_n the_o regnum_fw-la or_o government_n the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o totalis_fw-la regni_fw-la universitas_fw-la the_o insluita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la and_o also_o give_v we_o the_o meaning_n of_o those_o word_n omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 19_o the_o henry_n the_o three_o dor._n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o somersershie_n scias_n quod_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la etc._n etc._n concesserunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v further_o explain_v by_o a_o writ_n in_o the_o same_o roll_n about_o the_o same_o business_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o sussex_n which_o you_o have_v likewise_o cite_v begin_v thus_o 8._o sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la arohiepiscopi_n episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capire_n nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o the_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v the_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenant_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la which_o be_v then_o all_o the_o regnum_fw-la or_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la so_o likewise_o it_o may_v be_v far_o prove_v from_o a_o record_n of_o the_o 48_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o 5._o rex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la venerabiles_fw-la patres_fw-la g._n e._n eborum_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o alii_fw-la praelati_fw-la magnates_fw-la milites_fw-la libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nobis_fw-la nuper_fw-la in_o articulo_fw-la necessitatiâ—_n servitium_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la &_o sulisidium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o i_o may_v also_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o writ_n i_o cite_v but_o now_o direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la etc._n etc._n comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la de_fw-la comiâ—aru_n kanciae_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o the_o lew_v of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o every_o knight_n he_o in_o that_o country_n now_o this_o writ_n can_v not_o be_v direct_v to_o all_o the_o man_n in_o kent_n but_o to_o all_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n for_o not_o a_o forty_o part_n of_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o military_a service_n so_o that_o these_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la and_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la comitatus_fw-la be_v the_o same_o one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o be_v for_o by_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la or_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n in_o general_n can_v not_o be_v understand_v for_o they_o never_o be_v summon_v no_o not_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o they_o to_o meet_v in_o great_a council_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v and_o perhaps_o not_o above_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pay_v to_o this_o fifteen_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o many_o servant_n villainâ—_n bondman_n and_o many_o such_o people_n there_o be_v than_o in_o the_o nation_n that_o pay_v nothing_o f._n you_o have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o perplex_v and_o darken_v word_n in_o themselves_o very_o clear_a and_o perspicuous_a for_o methinks_v it_o be_v a_o strange_a piece_n of_o confidence_n in_o your_o doctor_n when_o the_o charter_n say_v expresy_o that_o omnes_fw-la dâ—_n regno_fw-la all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v this_o 15_o to_o restrain_v this_o act_n only_o to_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v but_o a_o few_o in_o comparison_n to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o be_v indeed_o to_o make_v word_n signify_v any_o thing_n he_o fancy_v but_o to_o answer_v your_o authority_n which_o be_v found_v all_o upon_o false_a supposition_n without_o any_o proof_n as_o to_o your_o authority_n from_o the_o quadrilogus_fw-la history_n of_o thomas_n bâ—ecket_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o praesules_fw-la and_o prâ—ceres_fw-la be_v there_o call_v regnum_fw-la the_o kingdom_n but_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o last_o meet_v that_o this_o word_n proceres_fw-la be_v of_o so_o comprehensive_a signification_n that_o it_o take_v in_o all_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o those_o that_o be_v lord_n as_o those_o that_o be_v not_o so_o that_o the_o chief_a citizen_n and_o magistrate_n of_o our_o city_n and_o great_a town_n be_v often_o style_v proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o record_n and_o certain_o the_o great_a freeholders_n or_o knight_n of_o shire_n do_v much_o more_o just_o deserve_v that_o title_n as_o for_o the_o other_o passage_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n where_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n be_v call_v omnes_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantes_fw-la this_o be_v but_o a_o general_a way_n of_o expression_n in_o this_o author_n and_o prove_v nothing_o for_o either_o the_o word_n barones_n take_v in_o all_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o it_o do_v not_o if_o the_o latter_a than_o this_o author_n do_v not_o exact_o 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will_v not_o affirm_v but_o lest_o i_o tire_v you_o as_o well_o as_o myself_o in_o dwell_v so_o long_o upon_o thing_n so_o plain_a and_o obvious_a be_v not_o they_o by_o too_o much_o industry_n render_v obscure_a i_o come_v at_o last_o to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o your_o discourse_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o repetition_n of_o what_o you_o have_v say_v at_o first_o that_o because_o all_o the_o kingdom_n can_v not_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n and_o that_o villain_n and_o servant_n etc._n etc._n never_o pay_v to_o this_o tax_n that_o therefore_o the_o word_n omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v literal_o a_o doughty_a discovery_n and_o therefore_o you_o have_v find_v a_o expedient_a to_o help_v this_o contradiction_n by_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o thy_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o the_o laity_n and_o by_o the_o procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la for_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n who_o interpretation_n be_v 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the_o sheriff_n of_o somerset_n and_o sussex_n that_o the_o king_n ancient_o by_o his_o prerogative_n and_o his_o original_a power_n and_o right_n reserve_v upon_o knight_n fee_n do_v tax_n the_o military_a tenant_n of_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o their_o other_o ordinary_a free_a tenant_n and_o by_o his_o writ_n cause_v they_o to_o pay_v both_o scutage_n tax_n and_o scutage_n service_n and_o other_o reasonable_a aid_n as_o often_o as_o necessity_n require_v f._n i_o grant_v indeed_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o have_v be_v sometime_o as_o you_o say_v since_o there_o be_v no_o aver_n against_o express_a record_n but_o i_o say_v likewise_o that_o as_o for_o those_o writ_n the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o concern_v the_o king_n order_v the_o sheriff_n to_o distrain_v the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o scutage_n service_n as_o to_o marry_v their_o daughter_n or_o for_o the_o find_n of_o man_n in_o any_o warlike_a expedition_n it_o be_v no_o 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word_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n william_n i._n and_o king_n john_n which_o you_o yourself_o cite_v at_o our_o former_a meeting_n so_o that_o grant_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o have_v be_v practise_v sometime_o as_o your_o record_n make_v out_o this_o be_v no_o proof_n that_o this_o be_v a_o constant_a law_n or_o settle_a custom_n much_o less_o that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o right_a so_o to_o do_v m._n i_o do_v not_o doubt_v 180._o but_o that_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o that_o what_o this_o king_n then_o do_v in_o charge_v these_o mesne_fw-la tenant_n be_v according_a to_o his_o ancient_a prerogative_n and_o what_o himself_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v frequent_o do_v both_o before_o and_o after_o the_o clause_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n of_o nullum_fw-la scutâ—gium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ponam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la meo_fw-la &_o â—_o be_v grant_v nay_o after_o it_o be_v grant_v hen._n 3._o and_o edw._n 1._o tax_v their_o demeasn_n through_o england_n 19_o though_o not_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o their_o privy_a council_n until_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la be_v make_v in_o 34_o eâ—w_n 1._o and_o both_o rich._n 1._o and_o k._n john_n have_v tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n without_o common_a assent_n before_o the_o grant_v of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la as_o also_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o rich._n 1._o as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o hoveden_n 442._o who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n the_o passage_n be_v long_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o give_v you_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o viz._n that_o this_o king_n anno_fw-la 1198_o regno_fw-la 9_o accepit_fw-la de_fw-la unaquaque_fw-la carucata_n terrae_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la v._o solidos_fw-la de_fw-la auxilio_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o then_o go_v on_o to_o show_v we_o the_o manner_n how_o it_o be_v raise_v and_o collect_v and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o he_o use_v these_o word_n auxilium_fw-la and_o tallagium_fw-la for_o the_o same_o tax_n so_o we_o find_v in_o mat._n paris_n that_o king_n john_n take_v a_o seven_o part_n of_o all_o movable_n without_o common_a assent_n 1203.1207_o and_o another_o time_n a_o thirty_o the_o great_a man_n and_o clergy_n grumble_a at_o it_o k._n hen._n 3._o also_o tax_v all_o his_o demeasn_a in_o the_o 33_o d_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 1._o as_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o this_o year_n whereby_o he_o also_o command_v the_o sheriff_n of_o buâ—ks_n that_o he_o make_v philip_n basseâ—_n a_o ratiâ—nabilâ—_n tallagium_fw-la de_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenentilus_fw-la in_o mannerio_n de_fw-fr wycumb_n quod_fw-la aliquando_fw-la suis_fw-la dominicum_fw-la praedecâ—ssorum_fw-la râ—gis_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o 39_o the_o year_n this_o king_n as_o the_o doctor_n show_v we_o at_o large_a by_o a_o recoâ—d_n in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n he_o tax_v all_o his_o demeasn_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o city_n of_o london_n at_o 3000_o mark_n 178._o which_o though_o with_o some_o contest_v mention_v in_o this_o record_n they_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o pay_v because_o it_o be_v find_v upon_o record_n that_o this_o king_n and_o his_o father_n have_v several_a time_n palliate_v or_o tax_v the_o saiâ—_n city_n in_o like_a manner_n at_o the_o sum_n therein_o mention_v so_o that_o at_o last_o the_o mayor_n and_o citizen_n be_v fain_o to_o acknowledge_v themselves_o thâ—s_o talliable_a by_o the_o king_n so_o in_o the_o 52._o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o tax_v all_o his_o demeasn_a land_n beyond_o trenâ—_n by_o his_o escheator_n parl._n and_o this_o right_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n in_o the_o 33_o d_o year_n of_o edw._n i._n as_o appâ—aâ—s_n by_o their_o petition_n to_o he_o in_o parliament_n in_o these_o word_n all_o pâ—tiâ—ionem_fw-la arcâ—iepiscoporum_fw-la episporum_fw-la
praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la proborum_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la pâ—tentium_fw-la quod_fw-la rex_fw-la concedere_fw-la veli_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la pâ—ssunt_fw-la taâ—â—iâ—re_fw-la antiqua_fw-la dominica_fw-la unde_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o tenantia_fw-la â—icut_fw-la râ—x_fw-la dominica_n sua_fw-la taliavit_fw-la itâ—_n responsum_o est_fw-fr fiat_fw-la ut_fw-la petitur_fw-la from_o all_o which_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ancient_o a_o prerogative_n of_o lay_v tax_n not_o only_o upon_o their_o own_o tenant_n and_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n who_o hold_v under_o they_o but_o upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n too_o and_o it_o their_o successor_n have_v act_v otherwise_o it_o have_v proceed_v from_o their_o meet_a grace_n and_o favour_n who_o have_v tie_v up_o their_o own_o hand_n from_o exercise_v this_o prerogative_n f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v muster_v up_o a_o great_a many_o authority_n but_o for_o what_o end_n i_o know_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o prove_v that_o some_o former_a king_n stretch_v their_o prerogative_n to_o act_v direct_o against_o law_n and_o their_o own_o charter_n to_o the_o contrary_a and_o to_o justify_v they_o in_o it_o when_o they_o have_v doâ—e_n as_o if_o all_o thing_n be_v do_v according_a to_o their_o lawful_a prerogative_n because_o they_o do_v it_o if_o this_o be_v law_n or_o reason_n either_o much_o good_a may_v do_v you_o with_o it_o for_o at_o this_o rate_n the_o king_n notwithstanding_o all_o law_n make_v and_o swear_v by_o he_o to_o the_o contrary_n may_v take_v what_o he_o please_v out_o of_o our_o estate_n without_o our_o consent_n because_o his_o predecessor_n break_v the_o law_n and_o their_o coronation_n oath_n into_o the_o bargain_n but_o you_o may_v have_v remember_v that_o a_o de_fw-fr fâ—cto_fw-la ad_fw-la jus_o non_fw-la datur_fw-la consequentia_fw-la but_o i_o doubt_v the_o precedent_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v will_v not_o come_v up_o to_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o assertion_n you_o have_v lay_v down_o for_o it_o be_v plain_a as_o well_o from_o king_n john_n charter_n as_o by_o that_o passage_n in_o bracton_n i_o but_o now_o cite_v whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o extraordinary_a tax_n such_o as_o hidage_n corage_n and_o carvage_a &_o alia_fw-la under_o which_o i_o suppose_v be_v include_v your_o scutage-tax_n also_o can_v not_o be_v impose_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n when_o the_o king_n meet_v his_o people_n in_o parliament_n if_o then_o this_o be_v law_n whatever_o k._n john_n oâ—_n henry_n the_o three_o or_o any_o other_o king_n act_v contrary_a to_o this_o rule_n be_v illegal_a and_o produce_v among_o other_o mischief_n the_o general_a revolt_n of_o all_o the_o baronage_n i._n e._n as_o well_o the_o inferior_a as_o superior_a nobility_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n till_o such_o time_n as_o our_o king_n find_v they_o can_v do_v no_o good_a by_o force_n be_v fain_o at_o last_o to_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o legal_a prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o by_o new_a law_n and_o fresh_a declaration_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n to_o declare_v it_o unlawful_a for_o they_o to_o impose_v any_o tax_n upon_o their_o subject_n without_o their_o consent_n in_o parliament_n but_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o by_o thus_o set_v up_o the_o king_n illegal_a prerogative_n of_o tax_v the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o their_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la you_o quit_v the_o question_n for_o i_o ask_v you_o by_o what_o right_a the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o you_o suppose_v can_v grant_v by_o this_o great_a charter_n a_o fifteen_o of_o the_o movable_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o of_o those_o who_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o military_a service_n as_o of_o those_o that_o do_v nay_o of_o those_o who_o never_o hold_v of_o they_o at_o all_o and_o you_o then_o fly_v present_o to_o i_o know_v not_o what_o unknown_a royal_a prerogative_n of_o tax_v the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o pleasure_n which_o be_v either_o according_a to_o law_n or_o it_o be_v not_o if_o the_o former_a i_o have_v already_o prove_v he_o can_v not_o do_v it_o by_o law_n at_o all_o but_o if_o against_o law_n there_o be_v the_o like_a reason_n why_o he_o shall_v have_v have_v the_o like_a prerogative_n over_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la too_o even_o over_o the_o very_a bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a lord_n and_o then_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v whether_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v not_o be_v long_o since_o destroy_v and_o give_v up_o but_o to_o examine_v your_o authority_n it_o be_v true_a hoveden_n say_v of_o richard_n the_o first_o that_o accepit_fw-la de_fw-la unaquaque_fw-la hida_n terrae_fw-la v._o solidos_fw-la yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o he_o take_v this_o tax_n without_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n it_o be_v the_o ordinary_a phrase_n of_o writer_n in_o those_o time_n to_o say_v rex_fw-la accepit_fw-la i._n e._n receive_v such_o a_o tax_n when_o indeed_o he_o take_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v give_v he_o by_o his_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o though_o we_o find_v this_o tax_n not_o mention_v in_o any_o other_o writer_n but_o only_o hoveden_n and_o so_o can_v give_v you_o a_o express_a proof_n that_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v in_o a_o great_a council_n yet_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a nay_o certain_a it_o be_v for_o the_o word_n accepit_fw-la do_v not_o in_o its_o own_o nature_n import_v any_o violent_a or_o illegal_a exaction_n and_o therefore_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n it_o be_v great_a reason_n to_o suppose_v that_o this_o aid_n be_v grant_v by_o consent_n since_o this_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o relation_n of_o this_o affair_n that_o this_o money_n be_v receive_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o two_o lawful_a knight_n of_o each_o hundred_o and_o that_o they_o do_v answer_v this_o money_n to_o the_o exchequer_n coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la assignatis_fw-la who_o will_v never_o have_v undertake_v it_o have_v not_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o this_o king_n can_v not_o tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o his_o pleasure_n may_v appear_v by_o a_o relation_n out_o of_o this_o very_a author_n in_o the_o very_a same_o year_n b._n but_o a_o little_a before_o viz._n that_o when_o the_o king_n demand_v by_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n that_o homines_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o man_n of_o england_n shall_v find_v he_o 300_o milites_fw-la i._n e._n knight_n to_o stay_v one_o whole_a year_n in_o his_o service_n or_o else_o will_v give_v he_o so_o much_o money_n as_o that_o he_o may_v therewith_o maintain_v those_o 300_o knight_n in_o constant_a pay_n viz._n to_o every_o knight_n three_o shilling_n of_o english_a money_n wage_n a_o day_n and_o that_o to_o grant_v this_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v willing_a as_o not_o dare_v to_o resist_v the_o king_n will_n only_a hugh_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n as_o a_o true_a servant_n of_o god_n abstain_v from_o all_o evil_n answer_v that_o he_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n agree_v to_o the_o king_n desire_n because_o it_o will_v redound_v to_o the_o detriment_n of_o his_o church_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o it_o seem_v the_o business_n fall_v and_o come_v to_o nothing_o now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o request_n must_v have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o at_o least_o in_o that_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o he_o can_v not_o charge_v his_o subject_n with_o the_o keep_n but_o of_o 300_o horseman_n for_o one_o year_n without_o their_o assent_n can_v any_o body_n believe_v that_o he_o shall_v present_o after_o extort_v a_o much_o great_a sum_n viz._n five_o shilling_n out_o of_o every_o plow-land_n in_o england_n but_o as_o for_o all_o your_o precedant_n for_o king_n john_n reign_n he_o be_v such_o a_o notorious_a tyrant_n and_o breaker_n of_o his_o coronation_n oath_n and_o common_a faith_n both_o to_o god_n and_o man_n that_o i_o hope_v that_o neither_o yourself_o nor_o any_o good_a english_a man_n will_v have_v fetch_v precedent_n for_o prerogative_n from_o so_o prosâ—igate_v a_o reign_n as_o he_o and_o in_o which_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v more_o than_o once_o illegal_a exaction_n of_o this_o nature_n which_o yet_o be_v brand_v by_o those_o very_a historian_n that_o relate_v they_o for_o great_a oppression_n and_o unjust_a exaction_n oxford_n as_o particular_o in_o this_o first_o instance_n of_o out_o of_o mat._n paris_n of_o k._n john_n take_v away_o by_o force_n the_o seven_o of_o the_o movable_a good_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n which_o be_v by_o this_o author_n call_v by_o no_o better_a than_o rapinam_fw-la rapine_n or_o robbery_n the_o same_o i_o may_v say_v
to_o the_o like_a exaction_n of_o his_o son_n hâ—n_o the_o three_o which_o be_v brand_v by_o all_o writer_n as_o horrible_a and_o illegal_a oppression_n nay_o be_v own_a to_o be_v so_o by_o this_o king_n frequent_a confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o breach_n of_o they_o and_o promise_v to_o observe_v they_o better_o for_o the_o future_a but_o i_o be_o sorry_a to_o find_v your_o doctor_n who_o you_o follow_v both_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n and_o mr._n a._n as_o also_o in_o his_o complete_a history_n still_o to_o cite_v the_o most_o violent_a and_o illegal_a action_n nay_o the_o very_a perjury_n for_o â—lowers_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o royal_a prerogative_n but_o as_o for_o the_o authority_n you_o urge_v for_o this_o king_n talliate_v his_o demesne_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n you_o yourself_o grant_v that_o this_o talliage_n be_v not_o general_a upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o can_v only_o concern_v his_o own_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesn_a and_o none_o else_o who_o be_v always_o exempt_v from_o be_v tax_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n because_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o yield_v the_o king_n a_o reasonable_a talliage_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la whensoever_o he_o need_v it_o yet_o this_o be_v count_v rather_o a_o privilege_n than_o otherwise_o since_o they_o be_v not_o only_o free_a from_o all_o other_o burden_n and_o parliamentary_a attendance_n but_o be_v also_o tax_v much_o less_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o tilling_n the_o king_n land_n but_o when_o this_o reasonable_a prerogative_n grow_v to_o be_v abuse_v and_o the_o exaction_n levy_v upon_o they_o become_v intolerable_a than_o they_o will_v no_o long_o suffer_v it_o but_o get_v it_o take_v away_o by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la after_o which_o we_o find_v the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n frequent_o give_v their_o share_n of_o aide_n and_o subsidy_n in_o parliament_n by_o delegate_n of_o their_o own_o as_o in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 35_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v till_o at_o last_o they_o come_v to_o be_v resolve_v into_o the_o common_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o aâ—_n for_o the_o city_n of_o london_n it_o be_v never_o take_v for_o part_n of_o the_o king_n demean_n and_o so_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o doom_n day_n book_n but_o as_o appear_v by_o record_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o can_v be_v no_o otherwise_o tax_v then_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o make_v the_o londoner_n deny_v to_o be_v otherwise_o talliate_v as_o appear_v by_o this_o record_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v but_o the_o truth_n be_v they_o have_v this_o exaction_n first_o lay_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o exorbitant_a reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o this_o be_v afterward_o trump_v again_o upon_o they_o in_o all_o the_o ill_a part_n of_o his_o son_n government_n because_o his_o father_n have_v do_v it_o before_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o shipmoney_n have_v pass_v unquestioned_a and_o be_v as_o often_o pay_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n charles_n the_o first_o but_o that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v urge_v as_o a_o precedent_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o second_o but_o as_o for_o your_o last_o authority_n of_o the_o 33_o d._n of_o edward_n the_o first_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o it_o be_v before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la and_o extend_v only_o to_o such_o estate_n in_o ancient_a demesn_a as_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n either_o by_o gift_n or_o purchase_v and_o which_o for_o all_o that_o still_o keep_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o be_v talliate_v by_o the_o king_n as_o their_z under_z tenant_n be_v by_o they_o to_o enable_v the_o lord_n to_o pay_v the_o king_n talliage_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o understand_v these_o word_n in_o this_o record_n unde_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o tenantia_fw-la i._n e._n of_o which_o they_o be_v in_o tenancy_n to_o the_o king_n nor_o do_v the_o record_n call_v they_o dominica_n sua_fw-la as_o it_o do_v the_o king_n demesn_n that_o follow_v so_o that_o this_o can_v not_o be_v a_o tax_n upon_o all_o under_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o you_o suppose_v sinâ—e_v their_o estate_n be_v never_o call_v antiqua_fw-la dominica_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v after_o all_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o legal_a precedent_n that_o our_o king_n claim_v a_o right_n under_o colour_n of_o their_o prerogative_n of_o tax_v the_o whole_a nation_n de_fw-fr alto_n &_o â—â—sso_fw-la at_o their_o pleasure_n m._n i_o shall_v not_o now_o dispute_v it_o long_o with_o you_o whether_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v not_o ancient_o a_o power_n of_o tax_v the_o land_n hold_v of_o they_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n but_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o aver_v that_o when_o this_o great_a charter_n be_v make_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v tax_n and_o make_v law_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n and_o the_o whole_a nation_n also_o nor_o be_v this_o at_o all_o unreasonable_a that_o those_o who_o thus_o hold_v estate_n by_o mesne_n tenure_n under_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o those_o of_o who_o they_o hold_v they_o 171._o since_o we_o see_v in_o scotland_n that_o at_o this_o day_n none_o sit_v there_o either_o as_o commissioner_n of_o shire_n or_o burgess_n for_o the_o royal_a burough_n but_o such_o as_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n for_o ancient_o before_o the_o law_n for_o excuse_v the_o small_a baron_n and_o free_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o send_v commissioner_n of_o shire_n in_o their_o stead_n be_v introduce_v by_o a_o statuâ—e_n make_v in_o the_o seven_o parliament_n of_o k._n jam._n 1._o a._n dom._n 1420_o it_o consist_v all_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la viz._n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n &_o libere_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la râ—ge_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o the_o very_a word_n in_o the_o latin_a title_n to_o divers_a of_o those_o statute_n as_o you_o may_v find_v they_o in_o slenes_n collection_n of_o scotch_a law_n now_o if_o this_o law_n do_v ancient_o and_o do_v still_o prevail_v in_o scotland_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v the_o sole_a representative_n of_o that_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o it_o may_v not_o have_v be_v so_o ancient_o in_o englâ—nd_n also_o especial_o since_o i_o can_v give_v you_o so_o good_a reason_n to_o back_o this_o opinion_n m._n i_o will_v answer_v your_o argument_n from_o scotland_n by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o why_o i_o think_v it_o can_v never_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n in_o england_n and_o that_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n and_o 2_o lie_v because_o it_o be_v against_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n be_v apparent_a since_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o that_o if_o a_o man_n in_o those_o time_n purchase_v a_o estate_n for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n of_o a_o lord_n or_o any_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o certain_o thousand_o do_v to_o be_v hold_v either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o in_o socage_n that_o such_o a_o tenant_n shall_v lie_v at_o the_o mercy_n of_o his_o lord_n to_o dispose_v of_o his_o estate_n in_o tax_n and_o make_v law_n for_o he_o at_o his_o pleasure_n however_o exorbitant_a those_o tax_n be_v or_o inconvenient_a those_o law_n may_v prove_v the_o lord_n be_v no_o representative_a of_o his_o own_o choice_n or_o appointment_n in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o this_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n i_o can_v prove_v by_o two_o very_a sufficient_a authority_n the_o one_o of_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n the_o other_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o both_o this_o earl_n and_o bishop_n helâ—_n their_o county_n palatine_n in_o capite_fw-la immediate_o of_o the_o king_n nor_o have_v those_o county_n any_o representatives_n in_o parliament_n till_o long_o after_o that_o they_o have_v knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n grant_v they_o by_o particular_a statute_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n now_o according_a to_o your_o hypothesis_n all_o the_o freeholder_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o county-palatines_a shall_v have_v be_v bind_v by_o all_o act_n
of_o parliament_n and_o tax_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v law_n make_v and_o tax_n give_v when_o their_o bishop_n or_o earl_n be_v present_a which_o be_v not_o so_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o county_n of_o chester_n if_o the_o earl_n have_v be_v the_o representative_a in_o parliament_n of_o his_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o otherwise_o as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o abbey_n and_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n itself_o and_o all_o other_o great_a town_n in_o that_o county_n his_o vote_n in_o parliament_n will_v have_v oblige_v all_o of_o they_o and_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o whole_a county_n in_o which_o they_o then_o make_v law_n and_o tax_v themselves_o as_o a_o separate_a body_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o may_v appear_v from_o these_o follow_a record_n which_o mr._n a._n have_v give_v we_o the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v a_o writ_n of_o k._n edw._n i._n 6._o direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioriâ—us_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la â—liis_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o comitat._n câ—striae_fw-la recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o prelate_n count_n baron_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la have_v give_v he_o a_o 15_o the_o of_o their_o movable_n he_o desire_v that_o they_o also_o will_v of_o their_o benevolence_n and_o courtesy_n in_o latin_a curialitate_fw-la grant_v he_o the_o like_a subsidy_n which_o note_n can_v not_o be_v do_v out_o of_o a_o common_a council_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o writ_n of_o the_o 20_o the_o of_o this_o king_n recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la b._n &_o communitas_fw-la cestriae_fw-la sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la 15_o mam_n partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la gratiose_fw-la now_o suppose_v as_o the_o doctor_n always_o do_v that_o these_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la what_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o signify_v but_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o they_o viz._n the_o communality_n or_o commons_o of_o that_o county_n and_o which_o be_v also_o remarkable_a this_o county_n be_v now_o fall_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o want_v of_o heir_n male_a of_o the_o last_o earl_n and_o so_o according_a to_o the_o doctor_n notion_n the_o king_n be_v their_o sole_a representative_a need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v behold_v to_o they_o for_o these_o subsidy_n since_o though_o not_o as_o king_n yet_o as_o earl_n of_o chester_n he_o may_v have_v tax_v they_o himself_o which_o yet_o he_o think_v not_o fit_a to_o do_v because_o he_o know_v it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o that_o county_n which_o have_v ever_o since_o the_o grant_n of_o it_o to_o hugh_n lupus_n by_o will._n i._n always_o be_v tax_v by_o themselves_o which_o privilege_n be_v also_o express_o set_v forth_o in_o a_o supplication_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o this_o county_n palatine_n to_o k._n henry_n the_o six_o which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o from_o a_o ancient_a copy_n of_o it_o then_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o sir_n thomas_n manwaring_n of_o that_o county_n 46._o baronet_n wherein_o the_o abbot_n prior_n and_o clergy_n baron_n knight_n esquire_n and_o commonalty_n set_v forth_o that_o they_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o earl_n do_v make_v and_o admit_v law_n within_o the_o same_o etc._n etc._n and_o that_o no_o inheritor_n or_o possessor_n within_o the_o say_a county_n be_v chargeable_a or_o liable_a or_o be_v bind_v charge_v or_o hurt_v of_o their_o body_n liberty_n franchise_n land_n good_n or_o possession_n unless_o the_o say_a county_n have_v agree_v unto_o it_o now_o what_o can_v here_o be_v mean_v by_o county_n but_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n thereof_o since_o otherwise_o they_o can_v make_v no_o law_n nor_o do_v any_o other_o public_a act_n the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o durham_n which_o from_o the_o grant_v thereof_o by_o william_n rufus_n to_o the_o then_o bishop_n have_v always_o be_v tax_v by_o themselves_o 9_o and_o not_o by_o the_o bishop_n in_o parliament_n and_o that_o as_o low_o as_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n 3._o as_o appear_v by_o this_o record_n of_o the_o 14_o the_o of_o that_o king_n contain_v a_o letter_n or_o commission_n to_o r._n bishop_n of_o durham_n recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commons_o of_o county_n have_v give_v he_o a_o 9th_o of_o their_o good_n there_o mention_v that_o therefore_o the_o bishop_n shall_v convene_v the_o magnate_v &_o communitatem_fw-la libertatis_fw-la vestrae_fw-la to_o wit_n of_o his_o county_n palatine_n ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la with_o all_o convenient_a speed_n and_o that_o do_v to_o persuade_v and_o excite_v the_o say_a magnate_n &_o communitas_fw-la to_o grant_v the_o king_n the_o like_a or_o a_o large_a subsidy_n or_o aid_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o war_n which_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a if_o the_o bishop_n or_o the_o king_n can_v in_o those_o day_n have_v tax_v this_o county_n at_o their_o pleasure_n now_o if_o these_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o tax_n their_o mesne_n tenant_n without_o their_o consent_n much_o less_o can_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o england_n impose_v tax_n on_o their_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n or_o in_o socage_n without_o their_o consent_n which_o last_o have_v a_o much_o less_o dependence_n upon_o they_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o consider_v these_o precedent_n of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n and_o durham_n and_o therefore_o can_v say_v nothing_o to_o they_o at_o present_a since_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n but_o as_o to_o reason_n and_o law_n i_o think_v it_o be_v consonant_a to_o both_o 171._o that_o not_o only_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n but_o socage_n tenure_n shall_v be_v find_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o superior_a lord_n of_o who_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v former_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o though_o in_o process_n of_o time_n many_o of_o these_o estate_n and_o land_n become_v free_a tenement_n or_o be_v hold_v in_o socage_n that_o be_v be_v free_a holder_n yet_o the_o lord_n retain_v homage_n which_o in_o the_o time_n we_o now_o write_v of_o be_v no_o idle_a insignificant_a word_n and_o by_o that_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o estate_n whereby_o upon_o disobedience_n treachery_n or_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n etc._n etc._n the_o land_n be_v forfeit_v to_o they_o and_o although_o the_o land_n nor_o the_o tenant_n of_o they_o which_o be_v term_v freeholders_n be_v subject_a to_o any_o base_a service_n or_o servile_a work_n yet_o the_o lord_n have_v a_o great_a power_n over_o these_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o do_v homage_n to_o they_o which_o though_o now_o antiquate_v yet_o eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la their_o land_n be_v many_o way_n liable_a to_o forfeiture_n and_o tax_n too_o so_o that_o upon_o all_o these_o account_n it_o be_v then_o as_o reasonable_a that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v in_o those_o day_n make_v law_n and_o grant_v tax_n for_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o scotland_n shall_v do_v so_o to_o this_o very_a day_n for_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o kingdom_n of_o never_o so_o great_a estate_n and_o to_o this_o argument_n which_o be_v certain_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v yet_o answer_v nothing_o nor_o do_v i_o believe_v can_v f._n i_o can_v see_v notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v that_o the_o superior_a lord_n by_o reason_n of_o homage_n shall_v have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o their_o tenant_n estate_n for_o though_o in_o the_o profession_n of_o homage_n to_o the_o lord_n i_o grant_v the_o tenant_n thereby_o promise_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n man_n yet_o he_o never_o thereby_o mean_v to_o become_v his_o slave_n and_o there_o be_v mutual_a duty_n on_o both_o side_n so_o that_o if_o the_o lord_n fail_v to_o protect_v his_o tenant_n in_o his_o estate_n or_o unjust_o oppress_v he_o he_o may_v have_v refuse_v nay_o renounce_v his_o homage_n till_o the_o lord_n have_v do_v he_o right_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v how_o a_o bare_a right_n of_o have_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o the_o case_n you_o have_v put_v which_o yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o be_v never_o so_o strict_a in_o respect_n of_o socage_n as_o military_a tenure_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o be_v it_o worth_a while_n for_o if_o this_o right_n of_o forfeiture_n alone_o can_v give_v the_o superior_a lord_n a_o power_n over_o his_o tenant_n estate_n to_o make_v law_n for_o
he_o and_o tax_v he_o as_o he_o please_v then_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n the_o king_n as_o supreme_a lord_n over_o all_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v have_v have_v the_o like_a power_n over_o they_o of_o make_v what_o law_n for_o they_o and_o impose_v what_o tax_n he_o please_v upon_o they_o without_o their_o consent_n and_o so_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n at_o all_o since_o upon_o your_o hypothesis_n the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o have_v any_o right_a to_o appear_v there_o but_o if_o neither_o the_o wardship_n marriage_n nor_o relief_n of_o the_o heir_n can_v give_v the_o king_n such_o a_o power_n over_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la much_o less_o can_v they_o attain_v the_o like_a right_n over_o all_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n for_o that_o will_v have_v give_v they_o a_o great_a power_n over_o their_o tenant_n then_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v over_o they_o therefore_o if_o those_o great_a tie_v of_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n of_o the_o heir_n can_v neither_o give_v the_o king_n nor_o yet_o any_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la power_n over_o the_o estate_n or_o liberty_n of_o his_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n much_o less_o over_o their_o tenant_n by_o socage_n tenure_n who_o be_v not_o under_o this_o subjection_n and_o far_o if_o a_o right_a of_o forfeiture_n alone_o in_o some_o case_n can_v have_v give_v the_o lord_n a_o power_n of_o make_v law_n and_o grant_v tax_n for_o his_o tenant_n in_o socage_n than_o they_o shall_v have_v keep_v that_o right_n by_o this_o rule_n since_o all_o lord_n have_v a_o right_a of_o forfeiture_n even_o upon_o their_o tenant_n in_o socage_n in_o some_o case_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o take_v away_o knight_n service_n and_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o as_o i_o can_v prove_v be_v it_o worth_a while_n as_o to_o scotland_n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v as_o you_o say_v that_o it_o have_v at_o this_o day_n no_o other_o representative_n in_o their_o parliament_n but_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o whether_o it_o be_v so_o or_o not_o ancient_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n since_o i_o find_v the_o very_a same_o word_n and_o phrase_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o title_n of_o their_o old_a statute_n as_o also_o in_o their_o record_n to_o express_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o that_o kingdom_n as_o be_v use_v in_o england_n to_o express_v those_o of_o england_n at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o proof_n of_o which_o dunferling_n pray_v see_v the_o old_a charter_n of_o king_n malcolm_n iii_o and_o david_n i._o as_o you_o may_v find_v they_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o 2d_o vol._n in_o mr._n dugdales_n monâ—st_n angliâ—_n and_o you_o will_v see_v the_o former_a to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n regni_n clero_fw-la adquie_n cent_n que_fw-fr populo_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o as_o i_o shall_v also_o show_v you_o from_o sir_n john_n skin_n collection_n of_o scotish_n law_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o most_o ancient_a there_o extant_a 7._o viz._n a_o assize_n or_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n sir_n named_z the_o lion_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno._n dom._n 1105._o in_o the_o five_o of_o our_o hen._n i._n to_o the_o observance_n whereof_o it_o be_v there_o express_v that_o the_o epiâ—copi_n abbates_n comites_fw-la barones_n thani_n &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la tenere_fw-la firmiter_fw-la juraverunt_fw-la so_o likewise_o king_n alexander_n ii_o who_o begin_v to_o reign_v anno._n 1214._o which_o be_v the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o our_o king_n john_n 2._o and_o he_o make_v his_o law_n de_fw-fr confilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la venerabilium_fw-la patrum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbâ—tum_fw-la baronum_fw-la ac_fw-la proborum_fw-la hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o who_o these_o be_v may_v also_o far_o appear_v by_o the_o begin_n of_o certain_a statute_n make_v by_o the_o say_a king_n alexander_n in_o the_o same_o year_n which_o begin_v thus_o statuit_fw-la rex_fw-la per_fw-la consilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la suae_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v next_o produce_v the_o title_n of_o a_o parliament_n hold_v the_o 13_o of_o rob._n i._n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno._n dom._n 1306._o the_o 3d._n of_o our_o edward_n i._o 29._o in_o dei_fw-la nomine_fw-la amen_o roberâ—us_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la svo_fw-la decimo_fw-la tertio_fw-la die_v dominica_n proxima_fw-la etc._n etc._n habito_fw-la solenni_fw-la tractatiâ—_n cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la de_fw-la communitate_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la ibidem_fw-la congregatis_fw-la and_o which_o title_n conclude_v thus_o de_fw-fr communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o exprâ—sso_fw-la conâ—ensu_fw-la omnium_fw-la prelatorum_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentium_fw-la predictorum_fw-la ac_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la predicte_n ordinavit_fw-la condidit_fw-la etc._n etc._n statuta_fw-la infra_fw-la scripta_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o likewise_o in_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n call_v scoto-chronicon_a former_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o right_n learned_a and_o honourable_a arthur_n earl_n of_o anglesey_n and_o now_o in_o the_o herald_n office_n you_o will_v find_v the_o entail_v of_o the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o this_o king_n robert_n anno._n dom._n 1315._o in_o a_o general_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n as_o well_o clergy_n as_o laity_n which_o as_o this_o author_n tell_v we_o who_o live_v within_o sixty_o year_n after_o be_v hold_v 24._o dominica_n proxima_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la apostolorum_fw-la congregati_fw-la apud_fw-la aere_fw-la in_o ecclesia_fw-la parochiali_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la laici_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la archidiaconi_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la diaceni_fw-la &_o caeteri_fw-la ecclesiarum_fw-la praelati_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o caeteri_fw-la de_fw-la communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la laici_fw-la etc._n etc._n from_o which_o it_o be_v apparent_a there_o be_v a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o in_o england_n more_o comprehensive_a than_o that_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o and_o that_o our_o english_a record_n also_o agree_v with_o these_o scotch_a statute_n you_o may_v see_v by_o 2_o record_n which_o mr._n pryn_n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o history_n of_o papal_a usurpation_n out_o of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o 17_o of_o edw._n i._n it_o be_v a_o letter_n to_o eric_n king_n of_o norway_n 4._o concern_v the_o marriage_n of_o his_o son_n edward_n with_o his_o granddaughter_n then_o heiress_n of_o scotland_n and_o norway_n recite_v that_o the_o custodes_fw-la scil._n regni_fw-la scotlae_fw-la magnates_fw-la praelati_fw-la ac_fw-la tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la predicti_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la unanimi_fw-la &_o expresso_fw-la consensu_fw-la have_v agree_v to_o the_o say_a marriage_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o letter_n of_o this_o king_n edward_n about_o the_o same_o marriage_n â—_o he_o declare_v that_o he_o have_v by_o his_o procurator_n therein_o name_v treat_v and_o agree_v with_o the_o custodibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o it_o present_o follow_v ac_fw-la praedicti_fw-la nobiles_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la praedicti_fw-la now_o who_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la signify_v put_v here_o distinct_a from_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o noble_n but_o the_o commons_o of_o that_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o 14_o year_n of_o king_n robert_n i._o there_o be_v a_o letter_n send_v from_o the_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o pope_n 1320._o complain_v against_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o manuscript_n and_o be_v also_o print_v by_o dr._n burnet_n 10._o in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o reformation_n and_o by_o which_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o comites_fw-la barones_n libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la scotiae_fw-la agree_v to_o this_o letter_n and_o that_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n town_n be_v at_o that_o time_n part_n of_o this_o communitas_fw-la appear_v by_o the_o league_n make_v between_o this_o king_n robert_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o the_o 28_o year_n of_o our_o edw._n i._n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o roll_n of_o this_o year_n 83._o still_o extant_a in_o the_o tower_n which_o league_n be_v ratify_v and_o confirm_v in_o their_o parliament_n by_o king_n john_n de_fw-fr bayliol_n ac_fw-la praelatos_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la vniversitates_fw-la &_o communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o villarum_fw-la praedicti_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o in_o scotland_n the_o city_n
whole_a nation_n in_o parliament_n and_o i_o be_o of_o this_o opinion_n because_o in_o many_o of_o the_o old_a statute_n before_o the_o time_n of_o robert_n the_o 2_o d._n we_o find_v the_o communitas_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la come_v immediate_o after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o in_o our_o own_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n but_o after_o those_o reign_v we_o find_v no_o more_o mention_n of_o this_o communitas_fw-la but_o only_o of_o the_o duke_n earls_z baron_n liberi_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la &_o burgensibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la as_o in_o the_o title_n to_o those_o statute_n of_o k._n robert_n the_o 3_o d_o and_o james_n the_o 5_o the_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v and_o yet_o that_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la be_v not_o ancient_o take_v for_o a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o pray_v see_v the_o 14_o the_o chap._n of_o the_o law_n of_o k._n alexander_n the_o 2_o d._n make_v anno_fw-la dom._n 1214._o with_o your_o doctor_n 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tuorumque_fw-la majorum_fw-la leges_fw-la cum_fw-la legibus_fw-la regni_fw-la tui_fw-la angliae_fw-la magna_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la consentiunt_fw-la which_o be_v also_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o the_o speech_n he_o make_v in_o parliament_n concern_v the_o union_n of_o both_o kingdom_n to_o conclude_v i_o can_v but_o admire_v your_o doctor_n strange_a partiality_n who_o do_v allow_v the_o commons_o of_o scotland_n to_o have_v even_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n when_o he_o express_o grant_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o scotland_n be_v and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o the_o king_n royal_a burrough_n be_v such_o as_o ever_o do_v and_o do_v at_o this_o day_n in_o scotland_n only_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n now_o why_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n shall_v not_o have_v always_o have_v the_o like_a privilege_n as_o well_o as_o in_o scotland_n i_o wish_v you_o can_v give_v i_o any_o sufficient_a 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charter_n whereby_o
i_o grant_v all_o the_o lesser_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v to_o be_v summonld_v by_o the_o sheriff_n to_o come_v to_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n may_v have_v only_o call_v some_o of_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a of_o they_o and_o such_o as_o he_o think_v most_o fit_a to_o advise_v he_o in_o make_v law_n and_o impose_v tax_n upon_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o like_a prerogative_n his_o son_n henry_n the_o three_o resume_v during_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a old_a statute_n by_o and_o by_o p._n and_o that_o our_o king_n do_v often_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o call_v who_o they_o please_v and_o omit_v who_o they_o please_v of_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v appear_v by_o those_o who_o be_v call_v pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la or_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la who_o be_v put_v after_o the_o baron_n and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v many_o instance_n of_o their_o be_v call_v to_o 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well_o as_o scotland_n but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o at_o all_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v as_o to_o burrough_n in_o scotland_n since_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o suppose_v that_o divers_a burrough_n in_o scotland_n may_v voluntary_o desist_v from_o send_v their_o deputy_n to_o parliament_n that_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o it_o be_v that_o divers_a burrough_n in_o england_n do_v petition_n to_o be_v exempt_v from_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o inability_n to_o pay_v the_o expense_n of_o their_o burgess_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o by_o divers_a precedent_n some_o of_o which_o be_v in_o print_n have_v i_o now_o time_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o discourse_n i_o can_v imagine_v to_o what_o it_o tend_v for_o if_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o or_o right_o to_o come_v to_o parliament_n how_o come_v they_o to_o have_v it_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a freehold_a estate_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o if_o so_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n why_o those_o that_o have_v as_o good_a or_o better_a freehold_a estate_n than_o they_o shall_v be_v all_o exclude_v or_o why_o a_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o but_o one_o knight_n fee_fw-mi hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v give_v he_o a_o right_a to_o a_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o get_v that_o a_o mesne_n tenant_n or_o vavasour_n as_o he_o be_v then_o call_v who_o hold_v ten_o knight_n fee_n of_o some_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n who_o perhaps_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o shall_v have_v no_o right_n of_o appear_v there_o nor_o of_o choose_v any_o representative_a for_o he_o since_o notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v now_o say_v the_o doctor_n either_o contradict_v himself_o 68_o or_o you_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o express_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n represent_v only_o themselves_o and_o not_o the_o commons_o but_o how_o this_o will_v agree_v with_o what_o he_o say_v in_o his_o introduction_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o have_v no_o share_n in_o make_v law_n etc._n etc._n before_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o unless_o they_o be_v represent_v by_o thd_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o so_o must_v then_o certain_o represent_v those_o that_o he_o here_o call_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n collective_o take_v but_o as_o for_o your_o notion_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o king_n court_n baron_n though_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o of_o a_o learned_a scotch_a lawyer_n sir_n george_n meâ—â—ensy_n yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o it_o be_v never_o true_a for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n both_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o tennre_n of_o land_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o then_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o manor_n in_o this_o kingdom_n which_o the_o doctor_n tell_v we_o be_v of_o no_o high_a a_o original_n than_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o admit_v i_o shall_v allow_v your_o notion_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v ancient_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n then_o certain_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v a_o right_a to_o appear_v there_o and_o to_o be_v not_o only_a suitor_n but_o judge_n of_o all_o difference_n arise_v among_o the_o tenant_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n where_o neither_o the_o lord_n himself_o nor_o his_o steward_n be_v judge_n and_o that_o of_o right_n and_o not_o by_o savour_n whereas_o you_o suppose_v such_o a_o courtbaron_n as_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o where_o the_o lord_n can_v admit_v or_o exclude_v who_o of_o his_o tenant_n he_o please_v to_o which_o if_o they_o have_v a_o right_a ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la certain_o he_o can_v never_o do_v so_o that_o instead_o of_o a_o courtbaron_n and_o a_o common_a council_n according_a to_o 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of_o summons_n to_o a_o council_n direct_v to_o the_o baron_n and_o knight_n and_o as_o he_o translate_v eidelibus_fw-la feudatory_n or_o vassal_n of_o all_o england_n wherein_o he_o let_v they_o know_v 40._o that_o he_o have_v send_v his_o letter_n to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o if_o it_o may_v have_v be_v do_v now_o what_o reason_n have_v he_o to_o write_v thus_o if_o these_o gentleman_n have_v no_o right_a to_o be_v consult_v or_o that_o the_o king_n may_v have_v call_v or_o leave_v out_o who_o of_o they_o he_o please_v but_o the_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v in_o another_o mind_n when_o in_o the_o 37th_o of_o king_n hen._n iii_o as_o mar._n paris_n tell_v we_o they_o refuse_v to_o act_n or_o proceed_v upon_o any_o thing_n
man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v then_o in_o full_a parliament_n on_o the_o first_o of_o june_n grant_v he_o 40_o s._n on_o every_o knight_n fee_n to_o marry_v his_o daughter_n and_o it_o thence_o also_o appear_v that_o though_o this_o tax_n be_v say_v to_o be_v give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o it_o be_v by_o the_o community_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o because_o it_o be_v to_o be_v raise_v whole_o upon_o knight_n fee_n so_o that_o hitherto_o in_o this_o king_n reign_n there_o appear_v nothing_o that_o can_v plain_o evince_v either_o the_o summon_v or_o be_v of_o any_o commons_o in_o parliament_n as_o now_o understand_v we_o be_v at_o least_o leave_v at_o great_a uncertainty_n nay_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o proof_n be_v more_o strong_a on_o the_o negative_a that_o there_o be_v none_o f._n i_o wonder_v you_o shall_v mention_v this_o writ_n any_o more_o since_o i_o have_v already_o confute_v the_o doctor_n notion_n about_o it_o and_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v a_o general_a tax_n grant_v by_o the_o parliament_n upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o not_o lay_v either_o by_o or_o upon_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o nor_o do_v the_o way_n of_o tax_v by_o 40_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n at_o all_o prove_v it_o for_o if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o land_n only_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n then_o this_o tax_n can_v not_o have_v extend_v to_o any_o other_o estate_n as_o certain_o it_o do_v since_o the_o king_n can_v by_o king_n john_n charter_n have_v force_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o grant_v he_o a_o aid_n towards_o this_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n and_o if_o what_o you_o say_v be_v true_a can_v also_o have_v make_v all_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o have_v contribute_v to_o it_o according_a to_o the_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v and_o this_o without_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o aâ—_n therefore_o pray_v give_v some_o better_a authority_n than_o this_o for_o iâ—e_o assure_v you_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v with_o it_o m._n i_o will_v now_o give_v you_o the_o write_v the_o doctor_n have_v discover_v and_o by_o which_o it_o will_v plain_o appear_v that_o this_o tax_n grant_v in_o the_o 18_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n dein_fw-ge be_v give_v before_o ever_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o it_o and_o for_o this_o the_o learned_a doctor_n have_v find_v out_o a_o loose_a bundle_n of_o writ_n of_o this_o year_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o most_o county_n of_o england_n and_o they_o be_v the_o ancient_a extant_a or_o perhaps_o that_o ever_o be_v for_o in_o probability_n the_o call_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n according_a to_o that_o example_n be_v discontinue_v from_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o unto_o this_o time_n by_o which_o two_n or_o three_o knight_n be_v direct_v to_o be_v choose_v for_o each_o county_n pray_v read_v the_o writ_n itself_o since_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o the_o first_o pattern_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v write_v in_o haste_n without_o those_o form_n that_o be_v afterward_o require_v in_o writ_n of_o this_o kind_n and_o particular_o in_o this_o edwardus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la dominus_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la &_o dux_n aquiâ—aniae_n vice-comisi_a westmâ—rlandiae_fw-la salutem_fw-la cum_fw-la per_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o quosdam_fw-la alios_fw-la de_fw-la proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la nuper_fw-la fuisseâ—us_fw-la super_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la speciâ—liter_fw-la requisiti_fw-la super_fw-la quibus_fw-la tam_fw-la cum_fw-la iâ—sis_fw-la quam_fw-la cum_fw-la aliis_fw-la de_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la illius_fw-la colloquium_fw-la haâ—ere_fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o tyactatâ—m_fw-la tibi_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la duos_fw-la uâ—l_fw-la tres_fw-la de_fw-fr diâ—cretioribuâ—_n &_o ad_fw-la laborandum_fw-la potentioribus_fw-la militibus_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la praedicto_fw-la â—ine_z delatione_fw-la eligi_fw-la &_o eos_fw-la ad_fw-la nes_z usque_fw-la west_n monasterium_fw-la venire_fw-la facias_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la sint_fw-la ibidem_fw-la à _fw-la die_fw-la sancti_fw-la johannis_n bapt._n prox_n futur_fw-la in_o tres_fw-fr septimanes_n ad_fw-la ultimum_fw-la cum_fw-la plena_fw-la potestate_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o communicate_v comitat._n praedicti_fw-la adconsulendum_fw-la &_o consentienoum_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o communitate_fw-la illâ_fw-la hiis_fw-la quae_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o pro._n ever_o be_v praedicti_fw-la tunc_fw-la dixerine_n concordanda_fw-la &_o habeas_fw-la ibi_fw-la hâ—c_fw-la breve_fw-la testae_fw-la meipso_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonast_n 14_o die_v jun._n anno._n regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la 18._o whereby_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o there_o be_v yet_o no_o certain_a number_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n settle_v who_o be_v to_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v at_o this_o parliament_n and_o you_o may_v in_o the_o next_o place_n remember_v from_o a_o before_o mention_a record_n of_o the_o 30_o ed._n i._o that_o on_o the_o first_o of_o this_o month_n the_o king_n have_v scutage_n then_o give_v he_o in_o full_a parliament_n and_o now_o fourteen_o day_n after_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n upon_o certain_a matter_n by_o they_o move_v and_o propound_v to_o he_o he_o issue_v his_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o sheriffâ—_n of_o the_o several_a county_n to_o cause_v to_o be_v choose_v two_o or_o three_o knight_n of_o each_o county_n to_o come_v to_o he_o at_o westminster_n three_o week_n after_o st._n john_n baptist_n at_o far_a we_o may_v also_o further_o observe_v from_o this_o writ_n that_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a though_o it_o be_v not_o here_o absolute_o say_v so_o that_o the_o king_n be_v move_v by_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o call_v these_o knight_n to_o this_o parliament_n and_o that_o as_o this_o writ_n be_v the_o first_o to_o be_v find_v after_o that_o of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o so_o it_o real_o be_v the_o first_o writ_n of_o summons_n after_o that_o time_n for_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n to_o represent_v the_o several_a county_n in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o there_o can_v â—e_v no_o citizen_n nor_o burgess_n choose_v or_o send_v to_o this_o parliament_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o writ_n as_o they_o be_v afterward_o by_o direction_n contain_v in_o the_o writ_n send_v to_o the_o sheriff_n for_o elect_v knight_n of_o the_o shire_n last_o that_o by_o this_o writ_n the_o knight_n be_v to_o come_v to_o the_o king_n at_o westminster_n three_o week_n after_o st._n john_n baptist_n at_o further_a which_o be_v the_o 15_o of_o july_n also_o that_o in_o the_o same_o year_n between_o the_o time_n of_o the_o date_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o the_o time_n appoint_v for_o meet_v of_o the_o knight_n the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o three_o be_v make_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o this_o clause_n at_o the_o beginning_n dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la svo_fw-la apud_fw-la west_n monasterium_fw-la post_fw-la pascha-aâ—o_a regni_fw-la svi_fw-la decimo_fw-la octavo_fw-la videlicet_fw-la in_o quindena_fw-la sancti_fw-la johannis_n baptist._n that_o be_v the_o 8_o of_o july_n ad_fw-la instantiam_fw-la magnatum_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la concessiâ—_n providit_fw-la &_o statuit_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la liceat_fw-la unicuique_fw-la libero_fw-la homini_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o this_o be_v the_o same_o full_a parliament_n which_o give_v the_o king_n scutage_n on_o the_o first_o of_o june_n and_o then_o the_o king_n and_o baron_n without_o the_o commons_o make_v this_o statute_n or_o the_o knight_n have_v another_o summons_n after_o the_o date_n of_o this_o writ_n for_o before_o that_o they_o be_v not_o in_o parliament_n or_o the_o knight_n come_v a_o week_n before_o they_o have_v need_v to_o have_v do_v but_o neither_o of_o the_o latter_a be_v probable_a see_v the_o knight_n than_o be_v great_a husband_n of_o their_o time_n and_o expense_n and_o be_v not_o very_o forward_o to_o undertake_v this_o service_n as_o be_v constant_o bind_v with_o or_o engage_v by_o surety_n or_o manucaptor_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o it_o and_o their_o appearance_n in_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a to_o conclude_v that_o this_o law_n be_v make_v without_o they_o and_o before_o their_o come_n to_o parliament_n so_o much_o of_o this_o writ_n from_o which_o as_o well_o as_o divers_a follow_a writ_n and_o other_o record_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v from_o this_o king_n authority_n and_o at_o this_o very_a time_n that_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o come_v to_o be_v fix_v and_o establish_v in_o the_o present_a constant_a form_n it_o be_v now_o and_o have_v be_v in_o for_o many_o king_n reign_n and_o than_o the_o king_n in_o this_o age_n be_v not_o altogether_o confine_v to_o any_o number_n of_o knight_n
citizen_n or_o burgess_n nor_o be_v several_a strict_a form_n and_o usage_n now_o practise_v ever_o then_o think_v of_o nor_o some_o legal_a nicety_n and_o punctilio_n now_o in_o use_n then_o judge_v absolute_o necessary_a f._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v from_o this_o writ_n before_o you_o proceed_v to_o any_o other_o record_n first_o as_o to_o your_o argument_n from_o the_o variety_n or_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o number_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n which_o you_o at_o first_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n that_o i_o doubt_v will_v prove_v a_o gross_a mistake_n for_o if_o we_o closle_o consider_v the_o writ_n itself_o it_o will_v prove_v no_o more_o than_o a_o summons_n of_o these_o knight_n to_o a_o great_a council_n colloquy_n or_o treatise_n as_o the_o writ_n here_o cal'â—_n it_o and_o not_o to_o a_o parliament_n the_o word_n colloquium_fw-la &_o tractatum_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o writ_n not_o then_o signify_v a_o parliament_n but_o such_o a_o collequy_n treatise_n or_o great_a council_n as_o be_v mention_v iâ—_n the_o statute_n of_o the_o seven_o of_o this_o king_n forbid_v all_o man_n come_v with_o arm_n to_o such_o assembly_n wherein_o there_o be_v also_o a_o plain_a difference_n make_v between_o parliament_n and_o such_o treatise_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v from_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o staple_n of_o the_o 27_o of_o edward_n iii_o which_o be_v first_o make_v in_o such_o a_o treatise_n or_o council_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o title_n to_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o the_o next_o parliament_n in_o the_o 28_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n cap._n 1._o whereby_o magna_n charta_n and_o all_o other_o statute_n before_o make_v be_v also_o confirm_v for_o have_v this_o summons_n be_v to_o a_o parliament_n sure_o there_o will_v have_v be_v also_o writ_n of_o summons_n find_v for_o the_o elect_v and_o return_a of_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n as_o well_o as_o knight_n of_o shire_n to_o this_o assembly_n and_o these_o writ_n of_o summons_n will_v have_v be_v enter_v on_o the_o dorse_v of_o the_o close_a roll_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n yourself_o have_v lay_v down_o whereas_o this_o writ_n be_v only_o find_v in_o a_o loose_a bundle_n of_o writ_n of_o divers_a other_o matter_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o title_n in_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o record_n as_o be_v usual_a in_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n whereby_o it_o may_v appear_v what_o kind_n of_o assembly_n this_o be_v to_o which_o these_o knight_n be_v summon_v nor_o be_v your_o argument_n from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n any_o convince_a proof_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o in_o this_o parliament_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o writ_n issue_v since_o during_o the_o session_n of_o this_o parliament_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n may_v make_v this_o request_n for_o call_v of_o those_o knight_n out_o of_o the_o county_n to_o give_v their_o opinion_n and_o advice_n in_o the_o matter_n to_o be_v propose_v to_o they_o by_o the_o king_n and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o king_n at_o their_o request_n think_v fit_a to_o summon_v two_o or_o three_o more_o of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n to_o have_v their_o advice_n also_o and_o as_o for_o your_o last_o argument_n that_o the_o same_o parliament_n which_o give_v the_o tax_n above_o mention_v on_o the_o first_o of_o june_n must_v be_v sit_v even_o to_o the_o very_a time_n of_o the_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n because_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o three_o be_v mane_n on_o the_o quindene_n of_o st._n john_n baptist_n viz._n the_o 8_o of_o july_n so_o that_o the_o king_n and_o the_o baron_n without_o the_o commons_o make_v this_o statute_n and_o that_o these_o knight_n be_v summon_v after_o the_o act_n be_v pass_v there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o make_v these_o consequence_n for_o this_o parliament_n may_v very_o well_o be_v dissolve_v that_o very_a day_n this_o act_n pass_v and_o this_o council_n or_o colloquy_n may_v be_v summon_v to_o meet_v within_o three_o week_n after_o midsummer_n i._n e._n about_o the_o 16_o of_o july_n according_a to_o the_o writ_n you_o have_v cite_v and_o so_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v appear_v be_v the_o roll_n of_o that_o parliament_n now_o extant_a as_o thâ—y_o be_v lose_v as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o divers_a succeed_a parliament_n m._n well_o then_o you_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o this_o writ_n be_v issue_v whilst_o the_o parliament_n be_v still_o sit_v and_o if_o so_o i_o can_v see_v any_o need_n there_o be_v of_o another_o less_o council_n or_o colloquy_n to_o meet_v after_o the_o parliament_n be_v end_v since_o as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v sit_v that_o can_v have_v much_o better_o dispatch_v all_o such_o business_n as_o the_o king_n have_v to_o do_v and_o how_o the_o king_n can_v foresee_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v need_n of_o another_o council_n before_o he_o have_v any_o business_n for_o it_o seem_v very_o improbable_a and_o therefore_o i_o think_v i_o may_v very_o well_o suppose_v with_o the_o doctor_n that_o this_o writ_n be_v a_o summons_n to_o parliament_n though_o it_o do_v not_o i_o grant_v express_o call_v it_o so_o but_o your_o argument_n be_v of_o no_o weight_n that_o because_o this_o writ_n be_v not_o enter_v upon_o the_o close_a roll_n that_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o summons_n to_o parliament_n as_o also_o because_o the_o title_n to_o it_o be_v only_o summonitio_fw-la ad_fw-la consilium_fw-la since_o the_o doctor_n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n give_v we_o several_a parliament_n writ_n upon_o the_o close_a roll_n with_o this_o title_n ad_fw-la consilium_fw-la which_o prove_v that_o the_o king_n have_v in_o those_o day_n a_o large_a power_n of_o call_v what_o number_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n he_o please_v to_o parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o two_o other_o writ_n he_o there_o give_v we_o of_o the_o 22d_o of_o edward_n i._n which_o be_v enter_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o northumberland_n to_o cause_v two_o knight_n to_o be_v elect_v for_o that_o county_n bearing_z date_n the_o 8_o of_o october_n and_o the_o next_o day_n after_o the_o king_n as_o appear_v by_o another_o writ_n to_o the_o same_o sheriff_n order_v he_o to_o cause_n to_o be_v choose_v two_o other_o knight_n beside_o the_o former_a and_o to_o cause_v they_o to_o appear_v at_o westminster_n the_o morrow_n after_o st._n martin_n day_n to_o hear_v and_o do_v such_o thing_n as_o the_o king_n shall_v more_o full_o enjoin_v the_o like_a writ_n with_o botâ—_n the_o former_a be_v send_v to_o all_o the_o sheriff_n in_o england_n now_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o title_n to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o writ_n be_v only_o de_fw-la melitibus_fw-la eligendis_fw-la &_o mittendis_fw-la ad_fw-la concilium_fw-la yet_o these_o word_n well_o consider_v must_v certain_o here_o mean_v a_o parliament_n both_o these_o writ_n be_v enter_v upon_o the_o close_a roll_n where_o all_o writ_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v find_v as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v and_o beside_o the_o word_n in_o the_o first_o writ_n be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o which_o be_v find_v in_o several_a other_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n viz._n ad_fw-la consuleâ—dum_fw-la &_o consentiend_n pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o commâ—nitate_fw-la illà _fw-fr biis_fw-la qua_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o proceres_fw-la prâ—dictâ—_n concorditer_fw-la ordinaverint_fw-la in_o praemissis_fw-la f._n i_o confess_v we_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n in_o this_o affair_n for_o want_v of_o the_o record_n of_o this_o parliament_n which_o if_o we_o have_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o there_o will_v appear_v very_o good_a reason_n why_o the_o lord_n do_v then_o desire_v the_o king_n shall_v consult_v more_o of_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n then_o what_o have_v appear_v at_o this_o parliament_n as_o that_o lord_n may_v refuse_v to_o give_v their_o advice_n in_o the_o matter_n propose_v by_o the_o king_n without_o he_o will_v also_o consult_v more_o of_o the_o best_a and_o able_a knight_n of_o county_n who_o be_v to_o come_v up_o with_o fresh_a power_n and_o further_a instruction_n what_o answer_n to_o give_v the_o king_n in_o the_o matter_n he_o shall_v propose_v which_o that_o it_o be_v neither_o to_o give_v money_n nor_o make_v law_n be_v plain_a since_o you_o say_v the_o tax_n of_o 40_n on_o even_o knight_n fee_n be_v give_v and_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 3d._n make_v before_o they_o come_v up_o to_o parliament_n but_o indeed_o the_o word_n in_o the_o writ_n plain_o prove_v that_o this_o be_v no_o parliamentary_a meeting_n since_o they_o be_v here_o only_o summon_v ad_fw-la con_fw-la ulendum_fw-la &_o consâ—â—iendum_fw-la whereas_o in_o all_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o
whole_a nation_n as_o to_o entreat_v the_o king_n to_o admit_v their_o under-tenant_n to_o partake_v of_o so_o large_a a_o share_n in_o both_o be_v so_o extravagant_a a_o fancy_n that_o if_o it_o have_v not_o suit_v with_o the_o doctor_n be_v present_a hypothesis_n he_o will_v never_o have_v assert_v it_o in_o cold_a blood_n since_o himself_o affirm_v that_o upon_o the_o make_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n that_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capâ—â—e_n be_v the_o only_a party_n to_o it_o and_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o tenant_n who_o be_v there_o present_a be_v only_o their_o retinue_n and_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n which_o be_v with_o they_o at_o runnemede_o and_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 51._o all_o the_o rest_n be_v only_a follower_n who_o help_v to_o augment_v the_o noise_n and_o be_v not_o lawmaker_n for_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a say_v the_o doctor_n very_o well_o that_o those_o man_n that_o have_v the_o force_n of_o the_o nation_n will_v permit_v man_n of_o small_a reputation_n to_o share_v with_o they_o in_o law-making_a those_o that_o have_v the_o power_n of_o this_o or_o any_o other_o nation_n de_fw-fr facâ—o_n always_o do_v give_v law_n and_o tax_v the_o people_n but_o it_o seem_v these_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v either_o very_a stiff_a to_o maintain_v or_o else_o easy_a to_o give_v up_o their_o privilege_n just_a as_o it_o best_o suit_n with_o the_o doctor_n present_a occasion_n but_o the_o doctor_n may_v contradict_v himself_o as_o much_o as_o he_o please_v since_o it_o be_v not_o his_o fault_n but_o his_o hypothesis_n that_o have_v lead_v he_o into_o it_o m._n i_o confess_v it_o do_v seem_v somewhat_o hard_o at_o present_a to_o conceive_v it_o but_o we_o know_v not_o what_o reason_n the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v have_v have_v to_o desire_v the_o concurrence_n of_o these_o knight_n of_o shire_n at_o this_o juncture_n of_o time_n but_o that_o their_o come_n to_o parliament_n look_v like_o a_o new_a institution_n may_v far_o appear_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o king_n for_o a_o good_a while_n after_o the_o introduce_v knight_n of_o shire_n to_o serve_v in_o parliament_n 152._o be_v wont_a to_o use_v the_o liberty_n of_o nominate_v the_o same_o member_n of_o parliament_n who_o be_v former_o choose_v appear_v by_o a_o very_a remarkable_a writ_n the_o doctor_n there_o likewise_o give_v we_o of_o the_o 28_o the_o of_o the_o same_o king_n dors._n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o cumberland_n whereby_o he_o be_v command_v to_o cause_n to_o appear_v at_o the_o parliament_n at_o lincoln_n on_o the_o octive_a of_o st._n hilary_n the_o very_a same_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o have_v before_o appear_v at_o the_o last_o parliament_n unless_o any_o of_o they_o be_v sick_a or_o dead_a from_o which_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o our_o king_n in_o those_o day_n often_o make_v use_n of_o their_o prerogative_n of_o summon_v such_o member_n to_o parliament_n as_o be_v not_o then_o actual_o choose_v to_o serve_v in_o that_o parliament_n and_o for_o a_o far_a confirmation_n of_o this_o there_o be_v still_o extant_a upon_o record_n in_o the_o same_o roll_v the_o return_v of_o several_a of_o the_o sheriff_n upon_o the_o same_o writ_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o same_o member_n be_v return_v to_o appear_v in_o this_o parliament_n who_o have_v before_o serve_v at_o the_o precedent_n unless_o in_o the_o case_n of_o some_o that_o be_v sick_a or_o dead_a and_o that_o our_o king_n have_v not_o yet_o a_o long_a time_n after_o lose_v their_o prerogative_n of_o nominate_v how_o many_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n they_o will_v have_v choose_v and_o return_v to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n may_v appear_v by_o a_o writ_n of_o the_o 45._o edw._n 3._o whereby_o one_o knight_n for_o a_o county_n dors._n and_o one_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o those_o too_o name_v by_o the_o king_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v to_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v at_o winchester_n to_o do_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v appoint_v in_o the_o same_o writ_n which_o be_v likewise_o direct_v to_o all_o the_o sheriff_n in_o england_n and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o parliament_n appear_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v writ_n for_o their_o expense_n at_o this_o meeting_n at_o winchester_n junii_fw-la and_o though_o in_o these_o writ_n it_o be_v only_o express_v by_o these_o word_n magnum_fw-la consilium_fw-la nosâ—rum_fw-la yet_o from_o this_o writ_n of_o â—ummons_n it_o be_v evident_a it_o do_v the_o business_n of_o a_o parliament_n and_o so_o no_o great_a matter_n for_o the_o name_n f._n if_o thâ—se_a be_v all_o the_o argument_n you_o have_v to_o produce_v against_o the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v part_n of_o the_o parliament_n before_o the_o 18_o edw._n 1._o i_o doubt_v they_o will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o do_v the_o business_n for_o as_o to_o this_o record_n of_o the_o â—8_o of_o edw._n 1._o whereby_o the_o king_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v have_v a_o power_n to_o cause_v those_o knight_n of_o shire_n to_o be_v return_v who_o be_v elect_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o parliament_n before_o go_v without_o any_o new_a election_n this_o be_v altogether_o precarious_a for_o if_o you_o will_v but_o read_v the_o writ_n itself_o and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o king_n be_v thus_o act_v it_o will_v plain_o prove_v the_o contrary_n for_o the_o king_n reâ—iteâ—_n in_o that_o writ_n that_o have_v resolve_v that_o the_o charter_n of_o forest_n shall_v be_v observe_v and_o that_o his_o subject_n have_v make_v a_o perambulation_n thereupon_o yet_o that_o he_o will_v conclude_v nothing_o in_o that_o matter_n without_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n and_o therefore_o desire_v to_o hasten_v that_o business_n as_o far_o as_o he_o can_v without_o any_o delay_n he_o thereby_o order_v he_o to_o cause_n to_o come_v before_o he_o to_o the_o parliament_n at_o lincoln_n the_o same_o knight_n citizeâ—n_n and_o burgess_n as_o be_v before_o elect_v now_o the_o king_n may_v have_v very_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o why_o he_o will_v rather_o treat_v with_o they_o than_o with_o any_o other_o because_o they_o have_v be_v privy_a to_o all_o the_o precedent_a transaction_n concern_v this_o business_n of_o forest_n and_o therefore_o be_v most_o likely_a to_o come_v to_o the_o speedy_a conclusion_n with_o the_o king_n in_o that_o affair_n as_o be_v better_o instruct_v in_o it_o than_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o any_o new_a member_n to_o be_v who_o have_v not_o before_o be_v privy_a to_o the_o whole_a affair_n yet_o that_o the_o king_n never_o intend_v hereby_o to_o impose_v representative_n upon_o his_o people_n without_o their_o free_a consent_n appear_v by_o this_o clause_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o say_v write_v 〈◊〉_d quâ—d_n milites_fw-la cave_n &_o burgenses_n praedicti_fw-la dictis_fw-la die_fw-la &_o loco_fw-la nâ—â—dis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la interâ—ut_fw-la eum_fw-la plena_fw-la potestate_fw-la audâ—endi_fw-la &_o faciendi_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la ibidem_fw-la in_o praemissâ—â—_n ordinaeri_fw-la contingent_a pro_fw-la cummuni_fw-la commodo_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la now_o how_o these_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n can_v appear_v in_o parliament_n with_o full_a power_n of_o act_v therein_o without_o the_o new_a election_n or_o confirmation_n at_o least_o of_o those_o who_o they_o represent_v i_o shall_v be_v very_o glad_a â—f_n the_o doctor_n or_o yourself_o can_v inform_v i_o but_o to_o come_v to_o your_o next_o record_n of_o the_o 45_o edw._n 3._o whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o king_n in_o those_o day_n have_v a_o power_n of_o appoint_v not_o only_a how_o many_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n shall_v appear_v in_o parliament_n for_o each_o county_n but_o also_o can_v name_v the_o person_n that_o shall_v appear_v therein_o i_o wonder_v how_o the_o doctor_n can_v so_o impose_v upon_o your_o or_o his_o own_o understand_v since_o nothing_o be_v more_o apparent_a than_o that_o this_o council_n at_o winchester_n to_o which_o they_o be_v summon_v be_v no_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o a_o great_a council_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o writ_n itself_o which_o recite_v that_o whereas_o a_o parliament_n late_o at_o westminster_n have_v give_v the_o king_n a_o subsidy_n of_o 24_o sh._n and_o 3_o d._n upon_o every_o parish_n in_o england_n that_o the_o king_n be_v willing_a to_o be_v better_o inform_v after_o what_o manner_n the_o levy_n of_o this_o tax_n may_v be_v soon_o perform_v and_o because_o it_o will_v be_v burdensome_a for_o all_o the_o great_a man_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o come_v to_o the_o say_a parliament_n to_o meet_v together_o again_o for_o this_o matter_n therefore_o he_o ordain_v for_o
inferior_a have_v either_o themselves_o in_o person_n or_o else_o by_o their_o representative_n a_o place_n in_o the_o saxon_a witten_n gemot_n or_o mycel_v synod_n and_o make_v together_o with_o the_o laity_n one_o entire_a council_n or_o general_a assembly_n without_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o both_o which_o no_o law_n or_o constitution_n whether_o ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a can_v be_v enact_v for_o proof_n of_o this_o we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o sir_n h._n spelman_n first_o volume_n of_o saxon_a council_n and_o particular_o in_o the_o council_n or_o synod_n of_o clovesho_n first_o and_o second_o 346._o that_o of_o kingston_n a._n d._n 838._o that_o hold_v under_o king_n egbert_n and_o withlafe_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n and_o that_o of_o winchester_n under_o the_o same_o king_n egbert_n in_o which_o tithe_n be_v first_o grant_v in_o all_o which_o you_o will_v find_v that_o both_o the_o clergy_n as_o well_o the_o inferior_a below_o the_o degree_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n as_o also_o the_o laity_n below_o your_o earl_n and_o great_a alderman_n and_o wites_z have_v a_o share_n and_o that_o this_o continue_v so_o both_o in_o and_o after_o the_o norman_a time_n appear_v by_o the_o first_o great_a council_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o that_o be_v hold_v under_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n m._n i_o shall_v be_v very_o glad_a to_o see_v that_o prove_v for_o i_o always_o hitherto_o believe_v that_o none_o of_o the_o clergy_n have_v then_o any_o vote_n in_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o those_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o all_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n alone_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v also_o a_o synod_n or_o convocation_n of_o the_o clergy_n often_o hold_v at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v assemble_v yet_o be_v it_o no_o part_n of_o that_o council_n and_o as_o the_o clergy_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v in_o the_o make_n of_o temporal_a law_n so_o have_v the_o laity_n no_o hand_n in_o the_o make_n of_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n or_o constitution_n for_o the_o pope_n legate_n or_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n often_o hold_v these_o synod_n at_o other_o time_n when_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o assemble_v at_o all_o and_o thus_o it_o continue_v till_o the_o 25_o and_o 26_o of_o henry_n the_o 8_o when_o the_o king_n be_v first_o by_o the_o clergy_n in_o convocation_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o whole_a parliament_n recognize_v and_o declare_v supreme_a head_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n under_o christ_n and_o from_o that_o time_n the_o king_n reassume_v the_o power_n which_o the_o pope_n have_v before_o usurp_v and_o his_o consent_n alone_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n be_v the_o only_a ratification_n of_o all_o canon_n or_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n pass_v in_o either_o of_o the_o convocation_n of_o canterbury_n or_o york_n at_o this_o day_n f._n i_o grant_v that_o for_o between_o three_o hundred_o and_o four_o hundred_o year_n the_o matter_n of_o fact_n have_v be_v as_o you_o say_v but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o from_o the_o beginning_n be_v also_o as_o certain_a for_o first_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n before_o the_o pope_n usurpation_n come_v in_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o council_n or_o synod_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v that_o the_o king_n have_v no_o more_o power_n to_o make_v or_o confirm_v any_o general_a ecclesiastical_a law_n or_o constitution_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o wittena_n gemot_n or_o mycel_n synod_n consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n as_o well_o as_o laity_n than_o he_o have_v to_o make_v temporal_a law_n without_o it_o so_o far_o be_v they_o in_o those_o time_n from_o have_v any_o notion_n of_o any_o personal_a supremacy_n in_o the_o king_n in_o spiritual_a more_o than_o in_o temporal_a matter_n and_o that_o this_o continue_v so_o till_o the_o pope_n do_v not_o only_o usurp_v upon_o the_o king_n 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in_o his_o history_n speak_v of_o the_o council_n in_o which_o this_o king_n give_v up_o his_o right_n of_o investituâ—es_n clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la ad_fw-la concilium_fw-la londoniae_n congregato_fw-la 28._o and_o who_o this_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la then_o be_v he_o immediate_o explain_v himself_o thus_o astantibus_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la caeteraq_fw-la multitudine_fw-la maxima_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o magnatum_fw-la under_o which_o word_n i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o divers_a other_o beside_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v be_v comprehend_v and_o their_o great_a number_n show_v they_o to_o have_v be_v more_o than_o those_o but_o though_o this_o author_n do_v not_o here_o express_o say_v it_o yet_o that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v likewise_o at_o these_o council_n appear_v from_o sim._n of_o durham_n and_o the_o câ—ntinuator_fw-la of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n a._n d._n 1126._o be_v the_o 25._o of_o this_o king_n where_o they_o both_o make_v mention_n of_o a_o synod_n or_o council_n hold_v at_o london_n at_o which_o be_v
become_v less_o necessary_a we_o must_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o bull_n of_o popâ—_n boniface_n the_o 8_o the_o in_o the_o 24_o the_o of_o edward_n i._o by_o which_o he_o forbid_v all_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o western_a church_n as_o well_o superior_a as_o inferior_a to_o give_v any_o more_o tax_n of_o subsidy_n to_o temporal_a prince_n without_o his_o holiness_n licence_n whereupon_o the_o king_n summon_v the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n to_o parliament_n at_o st._n edmunds-bury_a in_o the_o 24_o the_o of_o â—is_n reign_v where_o when_o they_o then_o refuse_v to_o grant_v he_o any_o supply_n he_o then_o as_o all_o the_o historian_n tell_v we_o hold_v his_o parliament_n at_o westminister_n cum_fw-la baronibus_fw-la suis_fw-la excluso_fw-la clero_fw-la without_o either_o bishop_n abbot_n or_o inferior_a clergy_n which_o be_v the_o first_o precedent_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o we_o ever_o read_v of_o in_o this_o parliament_n 1296.1297_o the_o king_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o 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cause_n of_o their_o summon_n to_o parliament_n viz._n give_v of_o money_n be_v now_o take_v away_o by_o the_o pope_n usurp_a power_n though_o whenever_o his_o licence_n be_v obtain_v yet_o that_o their_o own_o express_a consent_n in_o parliament_n or_o convocation_n be_v necessary_a appear_v by_o that_o passage_n in_o the_o annal_n of_o burton_n in_o anno_fw-la 1255._o already_o cite_v when_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v extravagant_o oppress_v between_o the_o pope_n and_o king_n they_o send_v express_v messenger_n when_o they_o meet_v in_o parliament_n who_o be_v to_o set_v forth_o their_o greivance_n to_o his_o holiness_n i_o have_v give_v you_o as_o good_a a_o account_n as_o i_o be_o able_a how_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n which_o as_o well_o as_o the_o superior_a do_v once_o make_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o great_a council_n before_o the_o conquest_n nay_o for_o above_o 200_o year_n after_o do_v at_o last_o cease_v to_o be_v so_o partly_o by_o the_o prevail_a power_n 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respect_n of_o their_o clergy_n as_o well_o as_o laity_n with_o that_o of_o england_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n appear_v by_o the_o agreement_n between_o king_n edward_n the_o â—_o and_o the_o state_n of_o scotland_n concern_v the_o marriage_n of_o his_o son_n prince_z edward_z with_o the_o princess_n of_o norway_n then_o heiress_n of_o scotland_n which_o be_v publish_v at_o large_a in_o mr._n pryn_n 1_o sy_n vol._n of_o the_o pope_n usurpation_n 396._o where_o you_o will_v find_v this_o agreement_n to_o have_v be_v make_v between_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n ex_fw-la una_fw-la parte_fw-la &_o venerabiles_fw-la patres_fw-la custodes_fw-la scil_n scotiae_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n &_o totum_fw-la clerum_fw-la nobiles_fw-la viros_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n totamque_fw-la communitatem_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la ex_fw-la altera_fw-la de_fw-la matrimonio_fw-la contrabendo_fw-la etc._n etc._n from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o same_o stile_n be_v observe_v there_o in_o the_o title_n of_o their_o general_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o with_o we_o and_o as_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n there_o put_v after_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la but_o frank_a abnoign_n in_o that_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o by_o the_o same_o analogy_n between_o the_o low_a temporal_a state_n with_o the_o spiritual_a the_o commonalty_n of_o scotland_n here_o style_v communitas_fw-la scotiae_fw-la can_v not_o then_o consist_v only_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o your_o dr._n and_o those_o of_o this_o opinion_n suppose_v it_o do_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v show_v i_o more_o for_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v once_o a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n than_o ever_o i_o know_v before_o i_o will_v take_v time_n far_o to_o consider_v they_o but_o that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la must_v needs_o then_o take_v in_o any_o more_o than_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la i_o much_o doubt_v since_o the_o other_o word_n plebs_fw-la which_o you_o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o from_o the_o old_a book_n of_o ely_n signify_v no_o more_o 24._o than_o populus_fw-la which_o as_o the_o dr._n show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n in_o itself_o signify_v neither_o great_a nor_o little_a people_n but_o only_o laity_n and_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v use_v and_o restrain_v signify_v either_o the_o lay_v plebs_fw-la or_o the_o lay_n magnate_v as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o by_o several_a example_n as_o particular_o out_o of_o mat._n westminster_n 30._o ann._n dom._n 1295._o 23_o d_o edward_n i._n where_o speak_v how_o the_o pope_n legate_n be_v receive_v in_o england_n who_o come_v to_o make_v up_o the_o difference_n between_o england_n and_o france_n he_o thus_o relate_v their_o reception_n quos_fw-la in_o regne_n angliae_fw-la applicatos_fw-la excepit_fw-la plebs_fw-la debito_fw-la honore_fw-la accita_fw-la per_fw-la regem_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la primatum_fw-la &_o optimatum_fw-la suorum_fw-la caterva_fw-la here_o the_o plebs_fw-la be_v the_o king_n great_a or_o chief_a man_n that_o be_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n which_o he_o have_v call_v to_o westminster_n who_o so_o honourable_o receive_v these_o two_o cardinal_n so_o likewise_o the_o same_o author_n ann._n dom._n 1297._o 25._o edward_n i._n the_o king_n and_o baron_n be_v at_o some_o difference_n about_o the_o observation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 430._o and_o the_o charter_n of_o forrest_n speak_v how_o the_o king_n declare_v that_o he_o intend_v to_o observe_v those_o charter_n after_o this_o he_o relateâ—_n that_o the_o king_n thereupon_o require_v to_o be_v give_v he_o by_o the_o incolae_fw-la or_o inhabitant_n the_o eight_o penny_n and_o say_v thus_o articulos_fw-la in_o praedictis_fw-la chartis_fw-la contentos_fw-la innovari_fw-la insuper_fw-la &_o observari_fw-la rex_fw-la mandavit_fw-la exigendo_fw-la pro_fw-la hac_fw-la concessione_n ab_fw-la incolis_fw-la octavum_fw-la denarium_fw-la sibi_fw-la dari_fw-la qui_fw-la mox_fw-la concessus_n est_fw-la a_o plebe_n in_o sua_fw-la
to_o examine_v this_o quotation_n because_o i_o confess_v it_o seem_v very_o specious_a at_o first_o sight_n but_o if_o it_o be_v thorough_o examine_v will_v make_v nothing_o at_o all_o for_o you_o 301._o and_o to_o this_o end_n pray_v let_v we_o read_v the_o dr_n observation_n on_o this_o passage_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o argumentum_fw-la antinormaunicum_fw-la f._n but_o you_o need_v not_o read_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o paragraph_n since_o i_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o the_o dr._n as_o that_o by_o principes_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinus_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o this_o author_n render_v they_o who_o the_o dr._n here_o write_v against_o the_o chief_a 301._o or_o principal_a man_n of_o several_a rank_n or_o condition_n but_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a man_n of_o both_o order_n viz._n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v as_o the_o dr._n here_o will_v have_v it_o that_o these_o principes_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la be_v only_o bishop_n â—_o abbot_n and_o great_a dignify_a clergyman_n only_o and_o the_o procene_n and_o magnate_v the_o earl_n baron_n and_o temporal_a nobility_n alone_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v he_o produce_v several_a quotation_n out_o of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n malmsbury_n eadmer_n to_o prove_v that_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la ecclesiastici_fw-la &_o secularis_fw-la ordinis_fw-la primate_fw-la regni_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v at_o these_o council_n yet_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o word_n principes_fw-la and_o primate_fw-la do_v not_o in_o their_o proper_a signification_n signify_v none_o but_o bishop_n or_o dignify_v clergyman_n on_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n only_o since_o these_o word_n mean_v no_o more_o than_o chief_a principal_n or_o most_o considerable_a man_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n who_o have_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n dignity_n or_o estate_n any_o place_n in_o our_o general_n council_n at_o that_o time_n and_o which_o do_v certain_o comprehend_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n also_o though_o the_o dr._n have_v make_v bold_a to_o pass_v they_o by_o without_o any_o notice_n take_v of_o they_o and_o if_o they_o be_v then_o there_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n the_o lesser_a nobility_n or_o commons_o be_v also_o summon_v from_o divers_a province_n city_n and_o great_a to_n m._n well_o but_o pray_v see_v here_o do_v not_o the_o dr._n prove_v plain_a enough_o that_o this_o gentleman_n he_o write_v against_o be_v mistake_v in_o his_o translation_n ibid._n and_o apply_v the_o word_n provinciis_fw-la &_o vrbibus_fw-la for_o chief_a layman_n from_o divers_a country_n city_n and_o burrough_n whereas_o the_o dr._n here_o prove_v that_o the_o word_n mention_v in_o this_o passage_n can_v here_o mean_v layman_n send_v from_o county_n to_o city_n but_o only_o the_o bishop_n who_o seat_n be_v here_o call_v urbes_fw-la and_o which_o as_o the_o dr._n show_v we_o be_v by_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o london_n in_o the_o year_n 1077._o be_v the_o 11_o of_o king_n william_n translate_v from_o village_n to_o city_n as_o be_v sherburn_n in_o dorsetshire_n remove_v to_o sarum_n selsey_n to_o chichester_n litchfield_n to_o chester_n which_o be_v before_o this_o council_n at_o westminster_n cite_v by_o sulcardus_n 302._o which_o this_o author_n place_n in_o the_o 14_o of_o this_o king_n and_o the_o dr._n here_o far_o prove_v from_o these_o word_n follow_v pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la christianae_n ecclesiâ—e_fw-la that_o this_o universal_a synod_n be_v call_v for_o hear_v and_o handle_v the_o cause_n of_o every_o christian_a church_n that_o these_o word_n every_o christian_a church_n must_v certain_o mean_v many_o church_n in_o england_n which_o in_o reason_n and_o probability_n can_v not_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o small_a parish-church_n all_o the_o nation_n over_o and_o therefore_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o cathedral_n or_o churches_n where_o bishop_n seat_n than_o be_v or_o where_o they_o have_v be_v or_o be_v to_o be_v remove_v f._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o comment_n of_o your_o doctor_n before_o we_o proceed_v far_o in_o the_o first_o place_n suppose_v i_o grant_v he_o that_o by_o urbes_fw-la may_v here_o be_v mean_v such_o city_n as_o have_v bishop_n seat_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o shall_v signify_v no_o other_o city_n or_o town_n but_o bishop_n seat_n only_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v in_o the_o modern_a acceptation_n of_o this_o word_n vrbs_fw-la here_o in_o england_n a_o city_n and_o a_o bishop_n seat_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o at_o first_o it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o then_o there_o have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o the_o law_n you_o mention_v whereby_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o bishop_n see_v shall_v be_v remove_v from_o village_n to_o city_n nor_o it_o seem_v be_v all_o of_o they_o so_o remove_v at_o this_o council_n you_o mention_v since_o the_o dr._n show_v we_o from_o this_o very_a place_n here_o cite_v that_o some_o of_o they_o still_o remain_v in_o villis_fw-la &_o vicis_fw-la in_o village_n and_o small_a town_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v here_o say_v dilatum_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la regis_fw-la audientiam_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la transmarinis_fw-la tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la bella_fw-la gerebat_fw-la â—and_v though_o the_o dr._n here_o suppose_v though_o i_o know_v not_o on_o what_o ground_n that_o the_o person_n summon_v by_o the_o king_n to_o this_o synod_n from_o province_n and_o city_n be_v such_o as_o be_v concern_v or_o able_a to_o advise_v the_o king_n in_o this_o matter_n of_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o place_n whither_o the_o removal_n be_v to_o be_v make_v as_o dean_n arch-deacon_n and_o other_o dignify_a person_n and_o church_n officer_n as_o well_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o laity_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o the_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o great_a nobility_n who_o be_v in_o those_o day_n present_a in_o those_o assembly_n now_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v from_o these_o word_n of_o the_o doctor_n that_o even_o in_o his_o own_o supposition_n all_o city_n have_v not_o yet_o bishop_n seat_n annex_v to_o they_o and_o therefore_o the_o word_n vrbibus_fw-la can_v mean_v bishop_n seat_n alone_o but_o any_o other_o great_a or_o wall_a to_n but_o the_o worst_a of_o it_o be_v it_o fall_v out_o very_o unlucky_o for_o the_o dr._n that_o this_o charter_n we_o now_o mention_v bear_v date_n a._n d._n 1075._o two_o year_n before_o this_o law_n for_o remove_v bishop_n see_v to_o city_n be_v make_v so_o that_o all_o his_o learned_a comment_n on_o that_o matter_n signify_v just_a nothing_o and_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o doctor_n very_o rational_a conclusion_n which_o have_v no_o other_o ground_n than_o his_o own_o fancy_n to_o support_v they_o in_o the_o next_o place_n pray_v observe_v the_o dr._n own_v that_o by_o these_o principes_fw-la universi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la be_v mean_v the_o chief_a clergyman_n and_o nobility_n he_o there_o muster_v up_o but_o pass_v by_o or_o else_o do_v not_o consider_v the_o whole_a context_n of_o these_o word_n hii_fw-la autem_fw-la illo_fw-la tempori_fw-la diversis_fw-la provinciis_fw-la &_o vrbibus_fw-la ad_fw-la universalem_fw-la synodum_fw-la convocati_fw-la which_o must_v certain_o refer_v to_o the_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la to_o the_o chief_a and_o considerable_a man_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v alike_o summon_v from_o divers_a country_n and_o city_n and_o great_a town_n to_o this_o synod_n now_o pray_v do_v you_o or_o your_o dr._n tell_v i_o if_o he_o can_v what_o earl_n baron_n or_o great_a nobleman_n be_v then_o summon_v from_o city_n or_o great_a town_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o dean_n of_o cathedral_n which_o if_o you_o can_v do_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o we_o may_v not_o understand_v these_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o be_v also_o summon_v from_o the_o country_n and_o city_n for_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o those_o city_n and_o town_n at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o think_v the_o dr._n be_v as_o much_o out_o in_o his_o interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la for_o the_o cause_n of_o every_o cathedral_n church_n since_o it_o must_v certain_o mean_v not_o only_a cathedral_n church_n but_o all_o other_o church_n whether_o parochial_a or_o conventual_a for_o that_o it_o take_v in_o the_o latter_a appear_v by_o one_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o summon_n this_o council_n which_o be_v chief_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n which_o sure_o be_v no_o cathedral_n church_n and_o yet_o must_v be_v some_o church_n or_o ecclesiastical_a corporation_n or_o else_o this_o synod_n can_v have_v have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o it_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o this_o general_a
to_o parliament_n no_o otherwise_o but_o as_o 〈◊〉_d in_o capitâ—_n for_o though_o the_o say_a petition_n reâ—ues_v that_o they_o hold_v the_o say_a town_n of_o the_o k._n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o they_o do_v not_o likewise_o say_v that_o they_o claim'th_v to_o appear_v there_o only_o by_o that_o tenure_n for_o than_o they_o shall_v have_v retire_v that_o they_o sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la burgenses_n tenentes_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la and_o not_o sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la burgenses_n regni_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la regis_fw-la venirâ—_fw-it debeant_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a they_o set_v forth_o that_o they_o appear_v there_o for_o all_o service_n yet_o do_v they_o not_o say_v that_o their_o tenure_n in_o capitâ—_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o their_o appearance_n in_o parliam_fw-la since_o divers_a town_n and_o burrought_v of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o hold_v not_o in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o have_v the_o like_a privilege_n before_o of_o which_o i_o can_v give_v you_o divers_a instance_n which_o i_o shall_v read_v to_o you_o ouâ—_n of_o this_o note_n which_o a_o learned_a friend_n of_o my_o slace_n decease_v have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n in_o the_o tower_n though_o when_o he_o send_v it_o i_o he_o through_o haste_n 〈◊〉_d have_v forget_v to_o set_v down_o the_o number_n of_o the_o roll_n to_o most_o of_o such_o burrough_n who_o never_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o yet_o have_v always_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n as_o first_o the_o burrow_n these_o of_o arundel_n which_o always_o hold_v of_o the_o earl_n and_o never_o of_o the_o king_n be_v grant_v by_o henry_n i._o to_o hugh_n montgomery_n earl_n of_o arundel_n second_o the_o city_n of_o bath_n appear_v to_o hold_v of_o the_o bishop_n of_o bath_n and_o wells_n three_o the_o city_n of_o well_n itself_o which_o always_o hold_v of_o the_o bishop_n and_o never_o of_o the_o king_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v villa_n episcopi_fw-la in_o all_o public_a write_n belong_v to_o that_o church_n and_o be_v make_v a_o free_a burrough_n in_o the_o three_o of_o king_n john_n four_o beverly_n be_v make_v a_o free_a burrough_n by_o thurston_n archbishop_n of_o york_n 18._o which_o be_v confirm_v by_o king_n henry_n iii_o hiâ—â—hly_a badmin_n which_o always_o hold_v of_o the_o earl_n of_o cornwall_n six_o bridgwater_n for_o king_n john_n grant_v it_o to_o william_n brewer_n 13._o quod_fw-la brugwater_n sit_fw-la libre_fw-la burgus_n seven_o coventry_n which_o be_v always_o hold_v of_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o plead_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n i._o to_o have_v never_o be_v tax_v with_o the_o king_n demesne_n but_o with_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n eight_o bishop_n linne_n for_o king_n john_n grant_v to_o john_n bishop_n of_o norwich_n quod_fw-la burgus_n de_fw-fr lenna_n sit_fw-la libre_fw-la burgus_n inperpetuum_fw-la all_o which_o by_o the_o writ_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o joh._n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n as_o early_o as_o any_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la these_o i_o give_v you_o only_o for_o a_o taste_n but_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o i_o have_v time_n i_o can_v give_v you_o three_o time_n as_o many_o especial_o in_o cornwall_n where_o the_o burrough_n do_v almost_o all_o hold_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o cornwall_n and_o not_o of_o the_o king_n but_o beside_o the_o doctor_n error_n in_o suppose_v that_o no_o ancient_a city_n or_o burrough_n have_v any_o right_n of_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n but_o only_o as_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la his_o mistake_n be_v yet_o much_o more_o gross_a in_o his_o construe_v those_o remarkable_a word_n in_o the_o king_n answer_n to_o the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n et_fw-la tunc_fw-la fiat_fw-la eye_n super_fw-la hoc_fw-la justitia_fw-la vocatis_fw-la evocandis_fw-la si_fw-la necesse_fw-la fuerit_fw-la thus_o and_o then_o let_v they_o have_v justice_n in_o this_o matter_n and_o such_o as_o have_v be_v call_v may_v be_v call_v if_o there_o be_v necessity_n upon_o which_o word_n you_o have_v also_o from_o the_o dr._n put_v this_o pleasant_a gloss_n hence_o it_o be_v clear_a the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n be_v equal_o judge_v when_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o call_v they_o and_o for_o they_o to_o come_v as_o they_o be_v of_o their_o right_n and_o pretence_n to_o come_v but_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o â—_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o absurd_a and_o contrary_a to_o the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o this_o record_n than_o the_o doctor_n be_v construction_n who_o will_v needs_o have_v the_o word_n evocatis_fw-la evocandis_fw-la only_o to_o mean_v a_o call_v or_o summon_v to_o parliament_n which_o be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o king_n answer_n to_o this_o petition_n for_o if_o that_o have_v be_v his_o meaning_n that_o those_o only_a shall_v be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n who_o the_o king_n please_v to_o call_v to_o what_o purpose_n be_v these_o word_n scrutentur_fw-la rotuli_n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr cancel_v si_fw-la temporibus_fw-la progenitorum_fw-la regis_fw-la burgenses_n praedicti_fw-la solebant_fw-la venire_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la for_o if_o their_o come_n to_o parliament_n have_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o mere_a grace_n and_o favour_n and_o not_o of_o right_a &_o so_o whole_o leave_v in_o the_o king_n breast_n whether_o they_o shall_v come_v or_o not_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a for_o he_o to_o command_v the_o roll_n of_o chancery_n to_o be_v search_v whether_o the_o say_v burgess_n use_v to_o come_v to_o parliament_n or_o not_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o progenitor_n or_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o right_n why_o shall_v it_o be_v here_o say_v that_o upon_o search_n of_o the_o roll_n tunc_fw-la fiat_fw-la justitia_fw-la let_v justice_n be_v do_v iâ—_n there_o never_o be_v such_o a_o right_a of_o prescription_n by_o which_o they_o claim_v but_o i_o much_o wonder_v that_o the_o dr._n so_o great_a a_o critic_n in_o record_n shall_v ever_o construe_v they_o evocatis_fw-la evocandis_fw-la a_o summon_n or_o call_v to_o parliament_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v show_v i_o in_o what_o parliament_n roll_v or_o ancient_n record_v you_o can_v find_v evecaâ—â—_n ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la to_o summon_v to_o parliament_n but_o i_o more_o admire_v that_o you_o who_o be_v a_o profess_a civilian_n shall_v no_o better_o understand_v the_o sense_n of_o your_o own_o term_n whereas_o if_o you_o will_v have_v but_o consult_v any_o civil_a law_n dictionary_n you_o may_v have_v find_v evocate_v testes_fw-la always_o signify_v to_o summon_v witness_n and_o i_o can_v show_v you_o by_o twenty_o precedent_n both_o from_o our_o common_a law_n record_n as_o well_o as_o your_o canon_n law_n form_n that_o evocatis_fw-la eâ—ocandis_fw-la do_v always_o signify_v the_o summon_n such_o witness_n as_o be_v to_o be_v summon_v in_o a_o cause_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o this_o record_n that_o not_o only_o the_o roll_n shall_v be_v search_v but_o also_o witness_n summon_v to_o prove_v their_o claim_n if_o any_o dispute_n or_o doubt_n shall_v arise_v about_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n m._n i_o shall_v no_o long_o contend_v with_o you_o about_o the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o these_o last_o word_n since_o perhaps_o you_o may_v be_v in_o the_o right_a but_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n do_v by_o this_o answer_n allow_v this_o petition_n of_o the_o town_n of_o st._n alban_n to_o be_v true_a that_o they_o have_v send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o predecessor_n much_o less_o that_o any_o other_o city_n of_o burrough_n in_o england_n be_v then_o allow_v such_o a_o right_a by_o prescription_n f._n i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o this_o petition_n do_v not_o absolute_o allow_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o it_o concern_v the_o matter_n in_o dispute_n between_o they_o and_o the_o abbot_n to_o be_v true_a as_o it_o be_v there_o set_v forth_o neither_o yet_o do_v it_o condemn_v it_o for_o false_a but_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o false_a it_o matter_n not_o for_o both_o the_o petition_n and_o the_o answer_n do_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o point_n for_o which_o we_o make_v use_v of_o it_o viz_o that_o it_o be_v then_o receive_v for_o a_o general_a custom_n or_o law_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n that_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n have_v send_v member_n to_o parliament_n according_a as_o in_o the_o petition_n be_v set_v forth_o 10._o otherwise_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v suppose_v much_o less_o believe_v that_o the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n or_o the_o penman_n of_o this_o petition_n shall_v dare_v to_o tell_v the_o king_n and_o his_o learned_a council_n in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o parliament_n so_o great_a and_o ridiculous_a a_o novelty_n to_o be_v record_v to_o posterity_n as_o that_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n
what'were_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o represent_v by_o knight_n and_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n ever_o a_o essential_a constituent_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n from_o eternity_n before_o man_n be_v create_v or_o have_v they_o be_v so_o ever_o since_o adam_n or_o ever_o since_o england_n be_v people_v or_o ever_o since_o the_o britain_n roman_n and_o saxon_n inhabit_v this_o island_n certain_o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v so_o represent_v and_o that_o be_v the_o question_n between_o we_o concern_v which_o whether_o you_o or_o myself_o be_v in_o the_o right_n i_o dare_v leave_v to_o any_o impartial_a judge_n f._n but_o notwithstanding_o your_o drs._n answer_n i_o think_v under_o favour_n the_o king_n and_o lord_n do_v here_o allow_v the_o substance_n of_o this_o petition_n or_o claim_v as_o the_o main_a ground_n and_o foundation_n on_o which_o it_o be_v build_v viz._n that_o the_o commons_o have_v ever_o be_v member_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o that_o no_o law_n or_o statute_n shall_v be_v make_v without_o their_o assent_n which_o encroachment_n upon_o their_o liberty_n 〈◊〉_d seem_v have_v be_v before_o endeavour_v by_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n and_o therefore_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n be_v rather_o a_o full_a concession_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o commons_o claim_v otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n will_v have_v leave_v such_o a_o claim_n as_o of_o ancient_a right_n without_o any_o denial_n or_o protestation_n against_o it_o but_o instead_o of_o this_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n allow_v the_o whole_a to_o be_v true_a only_o the_o king_n reserve_v to_o himself_o his_o negative_a voice_n of_o grant_v or_o deny_v what_o he_o please_v which_o the_o commons_o themselves_o do_v also_o allow_v he_o in_o the_o conclusion_n to_o the_o petition_n itself_o as_o you_o may_v see_v if_o you_o please_v to_o read_v it_o at_o large_a and_o father_n that_o this_o affirmation_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o renovation_n or_o memorial_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o that_o point_n be_v more_o full_o explain_v and_o confirm_v by_o a_o petition_n to_o king_n edward_n 2d_o in_o parliament_n 2._o of_o all_o the_o bishop_n prelate_n count_n baron_n and_o other_o of_o the_o commonalty_n in_o the_o 18_o of_o his_o reign_n about_o a_o 100l_n year_n before_o this_o of_o 9th_o henry_n the_o 5_o set_v forth_o that_o they_o hold_v their_o manor_n of_o the_o king_n capite_fw-la as_o well_o within_o the_o forest_n as_o without_o to_o which_o manor_n they_o hold_v gasz_n i._n e._n be_v appendant_a and_o of_o which_o the_o seignory_n have_v be_v rent_v out_o by_o the_o acre_n half_a acre_n and_o rude_a in_o improve_n their_o say_v manor_n and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n have_v make_v seizure_n thereof_o because_o they_o have_v not_o the_o king_n licence_n so_o to_o do_v and_o therefore_o pray_v that_o they_o may_v improve_v their_o say_a manor_n etc._n etc._n to_o which_o petition_v it_o be_v answer_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o learned_a council_n in_o parliament_n that_o this_o can_v not_o be_v do_v without_o a_o new_a law_n to_o do_v which_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n will_v never_o assent_v and_o conclude_v infra_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la from_o whence_o i_o make_v these_o observation_n that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n do_v here_o declare_v it_o as_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o england_n that_o no_o new_a law_n can_v then_o be_v without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o or_o commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n and_o also_o that_o this_o commonalty_n be_v a_o distinct_a body_n from_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la before_o mention_v and_o beside_o this_o i_o can_v show_v you_o divers_a precedent_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o particular_o a_o declaration_n or_o protestation_n to_o edward_n 3d._n by_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n 56._o that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o any_o statute_n or_o ordinance_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o say_a commons_o which_o be_v also_o far_o confirm_v by_o another_o petition_n of_o right_n or_o a_o protestation_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 6_o richard_n 2d_o pt._n 1._o m._n 52._o wherein_o they_o pray_v against_o a_o pretend_a statute_n make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o lord_n against_o those_o who_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o be_v call_v lollard_n in_o which_o they_o set_v forth_o that_o the_o say_a statute_n be_v never_o assent_v to_o by_o the_o commons_o and_o therefore_o pray_v that_o it_o be_v annul_v and_o pray_v observe_v the_o reason_n for_o that_o it_o be_v not_o their_o intent_n to_o be_v justify_v nor_o to_o oblige_v themselves_o or_o their_o successor_n to_o the_o prelate_n more_o than_o their_o ancestor_n have_v be_v in_o time_n pass_v from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o commons_o do_v by_o all_o these_o petition_n and_o protestation_n make_v as_o strong_a a_o claim_n by_o prescription_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o ancestor_n not_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n as_o the_o king_n can_v make_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o ancestor_n touch_v his_o own_o prerogative_n by_o prescription_n but_o as_o for_o your_o query_n on_o this_o petition_n since_o they_o be_v not_o your_o own_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o i_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o impertinent_a for_o who_o ever_o suppose_v that_o the_o commons_o claim_v a_o right_a by_o prescription_n ever_o since_o the_o creation_n or_o ever_o since_o the_o first_o people_v of_o this_o island_n since_o any_o body_n may_v see_v that_o this_o word_n ever_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o subject_a in_o hand_n viz._n from_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n in_o this_o island_n now_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o put_v you_o a_o case_n suppose_v you_o shall_v affirm_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v successive_a and_o not_o elective_a will_v it_o not_o be_v mere_a cavil_v to_o ask_v you_o whither_o it_o be_v so_o pure_a divino_fw-la ever_o since_o adam_n but_o as_o you_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o any_o impartial_a judge_n who_o be_v in_o the_o right_n you_o or_o i_o so_o shall_v i_o likewise_o leave_v it_o to_o they_o to_o consider_v which_o be_v most_o likely_a that_o yourself_o your_o dr._n and_o some_o of_o our_o modern_a antiquary_n shall_v make_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o no_o ancient_a than_o about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o or_o middle_a of_o edward_n the_o one_a reign_n or_o the_o constant_a judgement_n of_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o learned_a council_n who_o 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commons_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n therefore_o since_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o they_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o be_v lose_v i_o pray_v show_v i_o from_o this_o general_a right_n of_o prescription_n you_o so_o much_o talk_v of_o that_o there_o must_v have_v be_v any_o commons_o summon_v to_o parliament_n before_o that_o time_n for_o i_o have_v now_o somewhat_o very_o material_a out_o of_o mr._n prins_n parliamentary_a register_n to_o object_n against_o mr._n lambard_n argument_n from_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la be_v exempt_v by_o prescription_n from_o pay_v to_o the_o wage_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n as_o you_o tell_v i_o at_o our_o last_o meet_v but_o one_o but_o first_o let_v i_o hear_v the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n from_o this_o
find_v they_o and_o for_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o appeal_n to_o mr._n petyt_n who_o assure_v i_o he_o find_v the_o return_v of_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n of_o the_o 23d_o of_o ed._n i._n in_o a_o old_a chest_n in_o the_o exchequer_n among_o other_o thing_n of_o a_o quite_o different_a nature_n which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi never_o see_v or_o else_o certain_o he_o will_v have_v give_v in_o the_o return_v to_o this_o parliament_n 33._o as_o well_o as_o he_o do_v the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o it_o and_o yet_o that_o even_o these_o be_v not_o always_o enter_v upon_o the_o clause-roll_n but_o lay_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o white-tower_n mr._n prin_fw-mi himself_n confess_v in_o his_o introduction_n to_o his_o three_o part_n of_o his_o parliamentary_a register_n that_o he_o find_v no_o less_o than_o ninety_o five_o loose_a original_a writ_n for_o election_n and_o return_v of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n 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conclude_v this_o head_n if_o by_o mr._n prins_n own_o confession_n the_o entry_n of_o election_n and_o return_v upon_o the_o clause_n roll_n be_v so_o very_o imperfect_a and_o that_o the_o loose_a bundle_n of_o summons_n precept_n and_o return_v be_v far_o more_o imperfect_a so_o many_o of_o they_o be_v lose_v pray_v tell_v i_o how_o can_v mr._n prin_fw-mi or_o any_o one_o else_o can_v frame_v any_o argument_n from_o these_o that_o remain_v that_o there_o be_v never_o no_o more_o precept_n and_o return_v from_o any_o burrough_n than_o those_o he_o have_v publish_v we_o but_o to_o come_v to_o his_o three_o rank_n of_o burrough_n viz._n such_o as_o for_o who_o their_o appear_v no_o precept_n nor_o return_v till_o the_o reign_v of_o edward_n the_o second_o edward_n the_o 3d._n and_o other_o succeed_a king_n 227._o all_o which_o burrough_n he_o therefore_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v all_o new_o make_v in_o those_o king_n reign_n because_o there_o be_v no_o precept_n or_o return_v from_o 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i_o may_v say_v of_o gatton_n in_o surrey_n which_o tho_o mr._n prin_fw-mi will_v have_v but_o to_o be_v a_o new_a burrough_n because_o no_o return_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v make_v for_o it_o by_o the_o sheriff_n till_o the_o reign_v of_o henry_n the_o 6_o yet_o this_o be_v no_o certain_a rule_n since_o it_o be_v a_o very_a old_a burrough_n and_o have_v ancient_o be_v so_o considerable_a as_o that_o we_o find_v several_a great_a council_n hold_v at_o it_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n though_o it_o be_v certain_o now_o reduce_v to_o a_o small_a hamlet_n of_o half_a a_o score_n house_n now_o i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o to_o judge_v whether_o the_o sheriff_n will_v have_v pitch_v upon_o so_o small_a and_o inconsiderable_a a_o place_n as_o this_o to_o make_v a_o burrow_n of_o have_v it_o never_o send_v any_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o that_o time_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o those_o gentleman_n that_o know_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o town_n he_o have_v there_o mention_v with_o gatton_n can_v say_v as_o much_o for_o the_o antiquity_n as_o burrough_n if_o you_o please_v to_o inquire_v about_o they_o but_o i_o have_v hold_v you_o too_o long_o upon_o this_o head_n and_o therefore_o shall_v proceed_v to_o those_o two_o that_o remain_v viz._n the_o ambition_n of_o neighbour_a gentleman_n to_o make_v as_o many_o burrough_n as_o they_o can_v that_o they_o may_v be_v choose_v at_o they_o and_o the_o desire_n of_o such_o town_n to_o be_v make_v burrough_n to_o receive_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o money_n spend_v among_o they_o at_o such_o election_n the_o first_o of_o these_o in_o the_o time_n we_o be_v now_o speak_v of_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o their_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o before_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o 8_o none_o be_v elect_v for_o any_o city_n or_o town_n but_o person_n free_a of_o or_o actual_o resident_n in_o such_o city_n and_o burrough_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o henry_n the_o 5_o which_o do_v but_o recite_v and_o confirm_v this_o ancient_a custom_n so_o that_o this_o trick_n of_o choose_v member_n for_o beeâ—_n and_o ale_n have_v be_v introduce_v but_o of_o late_a age_n viz._n since_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o 8_o when_o gentleman_n begin_v first_o to_o be_v choose_v for_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o if_o that_o be_v so_o the_o last_o cause_n fall_v off_o itself_o viz._n the_o desire_n of_o such_o small_a town_n to_o elect_n since_o if_o they_o can_v get_v nothing_o but_o rather_o loose_v by_o their_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n and_o pay_v they_o their_o wage_n as_o they_o must_v do_v as_o long_o as_o they_o choose_v from_o among_o themselves_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o believe_v
that_o charter_n be_v lose_v they_o desire_v a_o confirmation_n of_o it_o from_o the_o king_n whereupon_o he_o by_o this_o commission_n direct_v a_o writ_n of_o enquiry_n to_o several_a gentleman_n and_o other_o therein_o mention_v to_o inquire_v if_o the_o say_a burgess_n have_v enjoy_v all_o those_o liberty_n so_o grant_v by_o the_o say_a charter_n of_o king_n athelstan_n or_o not_o which_o will_v have_v be_v ridiculous_a if_o the_o king_n and_o council_n have_v be_v satisfy_v that_o no_o city_n and_o burroughs_n scent_n any_o member_n to_o parliament_n under_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o not_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o this_o authority_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o barâ—staple_n be_v one_o of_o mr._n prin_n modern_a burrough_n for_o which_o he_o can_v find_v no_o precept_n or_o return_v early_o than_o the_o 26_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o though_o no_o doubt_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o their_o petition_n in_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n it_o have_v send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n many_o age_n before_o though_o the_o precept_n and_o return_v upon_o they_o be_v all_o lose_v and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n do_v thus_o claim_v by_o prescription_n but_o that_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n have_v always_o claim_v the_o same_o privilege_n may_v appear_v by_o another_o petition_n of_o the_o commons_o house_n extant_a on_o the_o parliament-roll_n of_o the_o 51th_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o 45._o which_o i_o shall_v contract_v and_o put_v into_o english_a out_o of_o french_a recite_v thus_o because_o of_o common_a right_n in_o the_o roll_n de_fw-fr commune_fw-la dâ—oit_fw-fr of_o the_o realm_n there_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v elect_v two_o from_o every_o county_n of_o england_n to_o come_v to_o parliament_n for_o the_o commune_fw-la of_o the_o say_a county_n and_o also_o the_o prelate_n duke_n baron_n count_n baron_n and_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o barony_n which_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v summon_v by_o writ_n to_o come_v to_o parliament_n except_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o ought_v to_o elect_a from_o among_o themselves_o such_o as_o ought_v to_o answer_v for_o they_o whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o commons_o than_o claim_v to_o come_v to_o parliament_n of_o common_a right_n that_o be_v by_o common_a law_n or_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n as_o much_o as_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o great_a lord_n 2._o that_o neither_o the_o bishop_n lord_n nor_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o authority_n to_o impose_v tax_n or_o make_v law_n for_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n or_o these_o for_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n without_o their_o consent_n because_o they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o representative_n of_o their_o own_o order_n to_o answer_v for_o they_o in_o parliament_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v this_o will_v have_v be_v absolute_o convince_a can_v we_o have_v see_v this_o charter_n of_o k._n athelstans_n but_o since_o the_o townsman_n of_o barnstaple_n do_v only_o in_o their_o petition_n among_o other_o set_v forth_o this_o privilege_n of_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n now_o who_o can_v tell_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n in_o their_o charter_n or_o not_o since_o they_o confess_v they_o have_v lose_v it_o or_o grant_v it_o be_v as_o they_o set_v forth_o yet_o be_v will_v sufficient_o evince_v that_o the_o right_n of_o city_n and_o burrough_n to_o send_v their_o representative_n to_o parliament_n be_v not_o as_o you_o suppose_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o government_n but_o have_v its_o original_a from_o the_o grant_n and_o charter_n of_o former_a king_n f._n as_o to_o these_o objection_n we_o can_v have_v but_o all_o the_o proof_n that_o this_o subject_n be_v capable_a of_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n of_o time_n but_o if_o i_o be_v a_o juryman_n in_o this_o matter_n i_o shall_v rather_o believe_v that_o the_o town_n of_o barnstaple_n have_v such_o charter_n not_o long_o before_o they_o make_v this_o petition_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o clause_n therein_o as_o they_o here_o set_v forth_o than_o that_o these_o townsman_n shall_v be_v so_o impudent_a as_o to_o desire_v a_o new_a charter_n of_o confirmation_n from_o he_o of_o all_o their_o privilege_n of_o which_o this_o of_o elect_v burgess_n be_v one_o if_o there_o have_v never_o be_v any_o such_o clause_n in_o it_o at_o all_o but_o as_o for_o the_o other_o objection_n that_o if_o it_o be_v so_o than_o it_o appear_v that_o all_o the_o right_a of_o city_n and_o burrough_n send_v member_n to_o parliament_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o grant_n and_o charter_n of_o former_a king_n it_o be_v very_o fallacious_a as_o you_o will_v find_v if_o you_o consider_v and_o compare_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n to_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o as_o to_o the_o first_o of_o they_o i_o prove_v to_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o christianity_n itself_o among_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o as_o for_o the_o priesthood_n and_o nobility_n in_o general_n to_o have_v be_v as_o old_a as_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n itself_o now_o though_o you_o grant_v that_o long_a before_o the_o conquest_n our_o king_n have_v the_o nomination_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o also_o the_o make_n of_o alderman_n earls_z and_o thanes_z who_o make_v the_o temporal_a nobility_n in_o those_o great_a council_n will_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o because_o our_o king_n be_v thus_o entrust_v by_o the_o people_n with_o this_o prerogative_n of_o name_v and_o invest_v bishop_n and_o abbot_n per_fw-la annulum_fw-la &_o baculum_fw-la and_o also_o of_o create_v those_o great_a man_n now_o mention_v that_o therefore_o all_o the_o right_a either_o order_n have_v to_o appear_v at_o those_o council_n not_o only_o proceed_v from_o but_o depend_v whole_o on_o the_o king_n good_a will_n and_o pleasure_n and_o that_o he_o can_v have_v choose_v whether_o he_o will_v have_v name_v any_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n to_o vacant_a see_v and_o abbey_n or_o make_v any_o alderman_n earls_z and_o thanes_z or_o not_o but_o have_v change_v the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o government_n into_o a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n by_o destroy_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whether_o you_o believe_v the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n will_v have_v suffer_v any_o of_o those_o king_n to_o have_v make_v such_o a_o innovation_n apply_v this_o to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o most_o of_o ancient_a city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n and_o see_v if_o it_o do_v not_o exact_o agree_v with_o this_o parallel_a case_n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a nobility_n since_o as_o there_o be_v priest_n and_o noble_n who_o from_o the_o very_a first_o institution_n of_o our_o great_a council_n do_v not_o owe_v their_o original_a to_o the_o king_n but_o bring_v it_o with_o they_o out_o of_o germany_n and_o to_o who_o suffrage_n the_o first_o saxon_n king_n owe_v their_o election_n so_o no_o doubt_n be_v there_o divers_a city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n so_o considerable_a from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o britain_n that_o it_o be_v think_v â—it_a to_o pitch_v upon_o they_o as_o most_o able_a to_o send_v representative_n to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n that_o so_o they_o may_v imitate_v their_o old_a government_n in_o their_o own_o country_n in_o which_o the_o great_a city_n and_o town_n have_v always_o a_o considerable_a share_n as_o they_o have_v in_o the_o german_a diet_n to_o this_o day_n though_o the_o king_n may_v then_o as_o he_o be_v now_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o prerogative_n of_o make_v new_a city_n and_o burrough_n with_o like_a privilege_n with_o the_o old_a one_o though_o this_o be_v but_o rare_o practise_v till_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n i._o the_o two_o university_n be_v some_o of_o the_o first_o corporation_n on_o which_o he_o confer_v this_o privilege_n by_o charter_n of_o elect_v and_o send_v two_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n which_o power_n have_v i_o confess_v be_v exercise_v even_o to_o a_o grievance_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o his_o son_n and_o grandson_n so_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o there_o be_v a_o law_n pass_v that_o no_o new_a city_n or_o burrow_n shall_v be_v make_v for_o the_o future_a without_o a_o express_a act_n of_o parliament_n now_o i_o will_v very_o glad_o hear_v what_o you_o can_v further_o say_v to_o so_o many_o weighty_a authority_n which_o i_o have_v now_o give_v you_o for_o evident_a it_o be_v that_o if_o they_o be_v compare_v and_o consider_v in_o series_n of_o time_n that_o neither_o edw._n 2d_o or_o 3d_o nor_o their_o judge_n or_o learned_a council_n no_o nor_o the_o parliament_n
be_v the_o bishop_n the_o nobility_n and_o civitatum_fw-la delegati_fw-la the_o deputy_n or_o commissioner_n of_o town_n and_o city_n for_o sweden_n it_o come_v near_o the_o government_n and_o form_n of_o danemark_n and_o have_v the_o same_o estate_n and_o degree_n of_o people_n as_o among_o the_o dane_n that_o be_v to_o say_v proceres_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o nobility_n episcopi_fw-la &_o ecclesiastici_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o inferior_a clergy_n civitates_fw-la &_o vniversitates_fw-la the_o city_n and_o town_n corporate_a for_o so_o i_o think_v he_o mean_v by_o vniversitates_fw-la as_o tâ—uanus_n muster_v they_o 131._o to_o which_o we_o may_v also_o add_v though_o here_o omit_v by_o this_o author_n the_o delegate_n of_o the_o rustic_n or_o husbandman_n who_o make_v a_o four_o estate_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o in_o this_o realm_n the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n enjoy_v the_o place_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n notwithstanding_o the_o alteration_n of_o religion_n to_o this_o very_a day_n the_o bishop_n in_o their_o own_o person_n and_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o clergy_n out_o of_o every_o sochen_n a_o division_n like_o our_o rural_a deanery_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o rest_n have_v a_o necessary_a vote_n in_o all_o their_o parliament_n and_n this_v swedish_n great_a council_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o it_o come_v very_o near_o our_o constitution_n in_o england_n in_o which_o i_o prove_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o the_o commons_o not_o except_v the_o mean_a freeholder_n ancient_o have_v their_o representative_n so_o that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o strange_a thing_n that_o can_v have_v be_v observe_v in_o all_o the_o political_a constitution_n on_o this_o side_n of_o europe_n if_o that_o of_o england_n though_o descend_v from_o the_o same_o gothick_n original_a and_o found_v according_a to_o the_o same_o model_n shall_v have_v have_v no_o representative_n for_o the_o commons_o or_o plebian_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o dr._n here_o conclude_v with_o scotland_n and_o england_n the_o former_a of_o which_o since_o you_o agree_v to_o have_v have_v from_o all_o time_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n i_o need_v not_o repeat_v what_o be_v there_o since_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o you_o yourself_o have_v grant_v and_o as_o for_o england_n he_o own_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o passage_n i_o have_v already_o cite_v out_o of_o this_o chapter_n 193._o that_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n be_v call_v to_o a_o parliament_n hold_v under_o henry_n the_o ad_fw-la at_o clerkâ—nwell_n m_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o there_o be_v representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o all_o those_o kingdom_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v out_o of_o dr._n heylins_n treatise_n yet_o whether_o they_o be_v there_o from_o the_o very_a first_o institution_n of_o those_o government_n be_v much_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o since_o i_o have_v not_o now_o leisure_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o original_a of_o all_o these_o kingdom_n nor_o at_o what_o time_n each_o state_n begin_v to_o come_v to_o these_o great_a council_n give_v i_o leave_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o remark_n that_o all_o these_o kingdom_n except_o sweden_n come_v near_o to_o that_o constitution_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v ancient_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o also_o other_o kingdom_n where_o feudatory_a tenor_n be_v observe_v and_o consequent_o none_o but_o the_o chief_a lord_n or_o baron_n by_o knight_n service_n 96._o and_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o all_o those_o foreign_a council_n or_o dyeâ—s_n etc._n etc._n at_o first_o be_v all_o the_o same_o as_o consist_v of_o emperor_n or_o king_n with_o their_o earl_n and_o baron_n bishop_n and_o great_a officer_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o all_o the_o old_a german_a and_o french_a author_n and_o since_o city_n send_v deputy_n in_o germany_n and_o italy_n 126._o they_o be_v only_o from_o imperial_a city_n the_o like_a i_o believe_v will_v be_v find_v in_o france_n and_o those_o other_o kingdom_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v but_o you_o can_v show_v i_o unless_o in_o sweden_n any_o representative_n elect_v by_o the_o common_a people_n or_o rustic_n distinct_a from_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n like_o our_o knight_n of_o shire_n in_o england_n so_o that_o i_o still_o doubt_v whether_o all_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o other_o nobility_n that_o appear_v in_o the_o council_n of_o these_o kingdom_n be_v not_o all_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o other_o f._n that_o this_o be_v a_o mere_a surmise_n of_o you_o i_o think_v i_o can_v easy_o prove_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o clergy_n who_o still_o make_v the_o first_o estate_n in_o all_o these_o kingdom_n nothing_o be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o they_o never_o any_o of_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o 〈◊〉_d in_o their_o great_a council_n by_o that_o tenure_n that_o institution_n be_v for_o aught_o as_o i_o know_v peculiar_a to_o england_n and_o introduce_v by_o your_o conqueror_n as_o you_o yourself_o acknowledge_v and_o as_o for_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n you_o will_v find_v that_o in_o france_n not_o only_o those_o nobleman_n that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o military_a service_n but_o those_o who_o hold_v in_o libero_fw-la alodio_n without_o any_o such_o service_n at_o all_o have_v place_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o deputy_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n so_o likewise_o for_o the_o city_n and_o town_n that_o send_v deputy_n to_o it_o i_o believe_v you_o will_v not_o find_v that_o any_o of_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o to_o come_v to_o germany_n you_o be_v likewise_o as_o much_o mistake_v in_o fancy_v that_o all_o the_o imperial_a city_n be_v subject_a immediate_o to_o the_o emperor_n before_o they_o become_v so_o for_o hamburgh_n and_o lubec_n be_v subject_a to_o their_o own_o prince_n the_o former_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o sleswic_n and_o the_o latter_a to_o earl_n of_o its_o own_o till_o at_o last_o they_o either_o purchase_v their_o liberty_n they_o enjoy_v from_o their_o prince_n or_o else_o cast_v they_o off_o and_o be_v after_o receive_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o diet_n by_o the_o bull_n or_o charter_n of_o several_a emperor_n 30._o and_o so_o likewise_o brunswick_n be_v always_o a_o fâ—â—e_a city_n till_o it_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o empire_n by_o its_o own_o consent_n i_o can_v show_v you_o the_o like_a of_o several_a other_o city_n now_o call_v imperial_a who_o hold_v ancient_o not_o of_o the_o emperor_n but_o either_o of_o their_o own_o earl_n or_o bishop_n though_o i_o grant_v it_o 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subject_n there_o lay_v down_o into_o eight_o discourse_n since_o be_v oblige_v to_o vindicate_v the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o parliament_n from_o the_o cavil_n of_o some_o late_a writer_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o consider_v what_o dr._n brady_n have_v with_o so_o great_a industry_n heap_v together_o against_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v ancient_o a_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o iii_o in_o the_o do_n of_o which_o if_o i_o have_v prove_v too_o prolix_a i_o can_v only_o say_v i_o can_v not_o avoid_v it_o without_o baulk_a those_o argument_n the_o doctor_n have_v make_v use_n of_o to_o support_v his_o opinion_n but_o have_v already_o treat_v in_o the_o three_o and_o four_o dialogue_n upon_o the_o question_n of_o passive_a obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n as_o a_o moralist_n and_o a_o divine_a i_o come_v now_o to_o handle_v the_o same_o question_n as_o a_o lawyer_n and_o to_o examine_v whether_o by_o the_o 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the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n in_o former_a age_n but_o that_o it_o have_v be_v also_o allow_v by_o our_o king_n and_o approve_v of_o by_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o those_o time_n for_o lawful_a and_o the_o actor_n in_o it_o whole_o indemnify_v and_o save_v harmless_a nay_o a_o power_n give_v they_o and_o that_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o to_o resist_v he_o and_o defend_v themselves_o in_o case_n he_o break_v his_o charter_n and_o agreement_n make_v to_o and_o with_o his_o nobility_n and_o people_n or_o else_o with_o some_o foreign_a prince_n may_v appear_v from_o this_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o king_n henry_n two_o at_o the_o end_n of_o who_o reign_n hoveden_n in_o his_o annal_n poster_n give_v we_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o peace_n make_v in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o this_o king_n between_o he_o and_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n where_o among_o other_o article_n you_o will_v find_v this_o for_o one_o particular_o relate_v to_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n who_o be_v also_o to_o swear_v to_o the_o peace_n in_o these_o term_n et_fw-la omnes_fw-la barones_n angliae_fw-la jurabunt_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la noluerit_fw-la have_v conditiones_n tenere_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la tenebunt_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la francia_fw-la &_o comite_fw-la richardo_n &_o choose_fw-la adjâ—vabunt_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la contra_fw-la regeâ—_n angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n whence_o we_o may_v without_o doubt_n conclude_v that_o the_o resistance_n of_o subject_n in_o some_o case_n against_o their_o king_n be_v then_o allow_v of_o even_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o think_v not_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o allegiance_n they_o bear_v he_o though_o it_o may_v suspend_v it_o for_o a_o time_n m._n i_o confess_v this_o instance_n will_v be_v of_o some_o weight_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o critical_a time_n when_o this_o peace_n be_v make_v viz._n when_o richard_n earl_n of_o 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n be_v elder_a son_n have_v rebel_v against_o his_o father_n and_o take_v part_n with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o have_v draw_v over_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o norman_a and_o pictavian_n and_o english_a baron_n to_o his_o party_n which_o when_o king_n henry_n perceive_v this_o very_a author_n you_o have_v quote_v here_o tell_v you_o quod_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o arcto_fw-la positus_fw-la pacem_fw-la fecit_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la philippo_n that_o be_v be_v constrain_v to_o make_v peace_n with_o he_o so_o that_o king_n henry_n be_v in_o this_o straight_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o earl_n richard_n with_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o party_n force_a king_n henry_n to_o sign_n what_o condition_n they_o please_v for_o there_o it_o no_o such_o clause_n so_o much_o as_o mention_v for_o the_o french_a baron_n but_o make_v the_o most_o of_o it_o it_o be_v but_o a_o temporary_a relaxation_n of_o allegiance_n from_o king_n henry_n to_o his_o baron_n and_o the_o king_n may_v sure_o thus_o release_v they_o if_o he_o please_v but_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o can_v not_o have_v act_v thus_o without_o this_o condition_n have_v be_v express_o infer_v f._n well_o suppose_v king_n henry_n to_o have_v be_v never_o so_o much_o constrain_v to_o the_o make_n of_o these_o condition_n and_o that_o it_o be_v his_o own_o act_n that_o render_v it_o lawful_a it_o still_o prove_v as_o much_o as_o i_o urge_v it_o for_o viz._n that_o neither_o the_o king_n of_o france_n or_o england_n then_o think_v this_o resistance_n absolute_o unlawful_a for_o then_o the_o king_n be_v own_o act_n can_v never_o have_v dispense_v with_o it_o but_o to_o show_v you_o far_o that_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n have_v ever_o maintain_v this_o right_n of_o resistance_n even_o with_o the_o allowance_n of_o our_o king_n themselves_o and_o for_o the_o do_v
you_o quote_v it_o yet_o i_o much_o doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v of_o any_o validity_n be_v no_o doubt_n draw_v up_o by_o the_o baron_n then_o in_o arm_n and_o which_o the_o king_n dare_v not_o at_o that_o time_n refuse_v and_o so_o he_o be_v indeed_o under_o a_o kind_n of_o duress_n when_o he_o do_v it_o and_o beside_o pray_v mark_v the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o clause_n this_o resistance_n be_v to_o be_v salva_n persona_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o reginae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la &_o liberorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la cum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la intendent_a nos_fw-la sicut_fw-la prius_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la now_o how_o this_o security_n here_o reserve_v for_o the_o king_n person_n can_v consist_v with_o that_o open_a war_n the_o baron_n make_v afterward_o against_o his_o very_a person_n and_o cast_v off_o all_o their_o allegiance_n to_o their_o natural_a prince_n and_o call_v in_o prince_n lewis_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n i_o can_v understand_v f._n i_o think_v all_o this_o 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invite_v over_o and_o though_o many_o of_o they_o with_o their_o captain_n hugh_n de_fw-fr boves_fw-la have_v be_v cast_v away_o and_o drown_v in_o a_o tempest_n at_o sea_n yet_o more_o be_v daily_o expect_v so_o that_o if_o tyrant_n shall_v suffer_v nothing_o for_o the_o breach_n of_o their_o own_o charter_n and_o oath_n they_o will_v be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n by_o their_o violation_n than_o the_o observe_n of_o they_o â—or_a by_o the_o make_v they_o they_o for_o the_o present_a quiet_a the_o mind_n of_o their_o discontent_a subject_n and_o when_o they_o please_v may_v break_v they_o all_o again_o when_o they_o have_v get_v power_n if_o no_o body_n must_v presume_v to_o resist_v they_o or_o not_o think_v they_o as_o much_o king_n when_o they_o destroy_v and_o oppress_v their_o people_n as_o when_o they_o protect_v and_o preserve_v they_o by_o govern_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o pray_v what_o have_v you_o to_o say_v against_o that_o general_a resistance_n that_o be_v make_v by_o almost_o all_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n of_o england_n against_o his_o son_n henry_n the_o three_o about_o the_o frequent_a and_o notorious_a violation_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n which_o his_o father_n and_o himself_o have_v so_o often_o swear_v to_o and_o confirm_v and_o for_o which_o he_o have_v receive_v such_o great_a benevolence_n and_o subsidy_n from_o the_o nation_n m._n before_o i_o answer_v this_o question_n pray_v take_v notice_n that_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v with_o your_o argument_n that_o when_o ever_o subject_n shall_v think_v themselves_o injure_v and_o oppress_v by_o their_o sovereign_n that_o then_o they_o may_v cast_v off_o their_o allegiance_n to_o they_o if_o they_o can_v have_v the_o remedy_n they_o desire_v since_o this_o be_v to_o make_v they_o both_o judge_n and_o party_n too_o in_o their_o own_o cause_n which_o be_v altogether_o unjust_a and_o unreasonable_a between_o private_a man_n much_o 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resistance_n as_o you_o term_v it_o of_o subject_n against_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n f._n for_o all_o this_o i_o can_v find_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n do_v then_o at_o all_o condemn_v this_o defence_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n have_v before_o make_v of_o the_o liberty_n grant_v they_o by_o the_o great_a charter_n for_o though_o he_o restore_v the_o king_n to_o his_o former_a power_n by_o avoid_v the_o oxford_n provision_n yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o this_o be_v do_v 992._o as_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o he_o express_o except_v the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o king_n john_n vniversâ—li_n seil_fw-fr angliae_fw-la concessae_fw-la and_o from_o which_o per_fw-la illam_fw-la sententiam_fw-la in_o nullo_n intendibat_fw-la penâ—tus_fw-la derogare_fw-la and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o intend_v to_o derogate_v from_o they_o he_o can_v not_o with_o any_o justice_n condemn_v the_o only_a mean_n the_o baron_n have_v to_o maintain_v they_o after_o so_o many_o trial_n and_o fresh_a promise_n and_o oath_n of_o this_o fickle_a inconstant_a king_n all_o break_a and_o lay_v aside_o so_o that_o you_o may_v as_o well_o or_o better_o allege_v the_o pope_n shameful_a absolution_n of_o this_o king_n from_o this_o oath_n he_o have_v make_v to_o observe_v the_o great_a charter_n as_o a_o argument_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v any_o long_o bind_v by_o they_o nor_o the_o baron_n oblige_v to_o defend_v they_o as_o this_o sentence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n to_o render_v the_o resistance_n the_o baron_n have_v make_v in_o defence_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n to_o be_v unlawful_a and_o that_o king_n henry_n himself_o do_v afterward_o allow_v this_o resistance_n for_o good_a and_o lawful_a pray_v see_v the_o agreement_n which_o be_v not_o long_o after_o make_v in_o full_a parliament_n 5._o in_o the_o 49th_o between_o the_o king_n the_o prince_n and_o all_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n whereby_o he_o oblige_v himself_o to_o observe_v all_o the_o article_n and_o ordinance_n which_o have_v be_v before_o agree_v upon_o at_o london_n in_o the_o 48th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o then_o follow_v this_o clause_n in_o the_o record_n which_o the_o doctor_n himself_o have_v print_v in_o his_o appendix_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o his_o introduction_n to_o english_a history_n which_o i_o shall_v here_o translate_v out_o of_o french_a because_o it_o be_v very_o old_a and_o obscure_a it_o be_v thus_o and_o if_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n or_o mounseur_fw-fr edward_n viz._n the_o prince_n shall_v go_v against_o the_o peace_n and_o ordinance_n aforesaid_a or_o shall_v grieve_v the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n or_o gloucester_n or_o any_o of_o their_o party_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o of_o the_o thing_n aforesaid_a that_o then_o the_o great_a man_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n
in_o french_a hauz_fw-fr homes_n &_o comun_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr shall_v rise_v against_o they_o to_o grieve_v they_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n and_o shall_v be_v obedient_a to_o they_o in_o nothing_o and_o in_o do_v all_o thing_n as_o if_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o they_o in_o nothing_o until_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v amend_v and_o maintain_v according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o peace_n aforesaid_a and_o to_o this_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o mounseur_fw-fr edward_n and_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a gospel_n to_o keep_v and_o maintain_v the_o thing_n aforesaid_a and_o with_o this_o record_n agree_v this_o king_n latin_a charter_n much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n recite_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n 217._o an._n 1264._o only_o the_o word_n there_o be_v more_o general_n that_o if_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n shall_v break_v the_o say_a peace_n by_o hurt_v or_o fall_v upon_o any_o of_o the_o say_a earl_n of_o leicester_n or_o gloucester_n or_o any_o of_o the_o person_n abovementioned_a liceat_fw-la omnibus_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostra_fw-la contra_fw-la nos_fw-la insurgere_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la gravamen_fw-la nostrum_fw-la opem_fw-la &_o operam_fw-la dare_v juxta_fw-la posse_fw-la ad_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la praesenti_fw-la praecepto_fw-la nostro_fw-la omnes_fw-la &_o singulos_fw-la volumus_fw-la obligaâ—i_fw-la fideliter_fw-la &_o homagis_fw-la nobis_fw-la facto_fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o that_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o the_o whole_a parliament_n this_o resistance_n may_v be_v exercise_v notwithstanding_o the_o homage_n they_o have_v do_v he_o and_o this_o be_v that_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n which_o i_o have_v before_o cite_v to_o you_o to_o have_v be_v make_v as_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o yorkshire_n to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o same_o roll_n 5._o and_o in_o the_o same_o 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be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o nine_o earl_n and_o baron_n f._n at_o this_o rate_n no_o act_n that_o a_o king_n can_v do_v when_o he_o have_v the_o worst_a of_o it_o though_o confirm_v by_o a_o solemn_a oath_n as_o this_o be_v upon_o the_o holy_a gospel_n can_v ever_o be_v bind_v for_o it_o be_v but_o allege_v that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o duress_n and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o render_v it_o null_n and_o void_a but_o be_v it_o as_o it_o will_v this_o be_v certain_o the_o general_a consent_n act_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n and_o that_o own_a by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o his_o son_n the_o prince_n and_o all_o his_o party_n and_o far_o that_o this_o resistance_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n who_o be_v one_o of_o these_o baron_n be_v not_o after_o count_v for_o treason_n or_o rebellion_n appear_v by_o that_o pardon_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n which_o we_o have_v before_o cite_v to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o this_o king_n 161_o with_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n of_o almain_n his_o brother_n and_o the_o count_n and_o baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n in_o which_o he_o pardon_v the_o say_a earl_n and_o all_o his_o company_n and_o also_o all_o the_o londoner_n all_o rancour_n and_o ill-will_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o king_n quit_v and_o discharge_v the_o earl_n and_o his_o company_n so_o do_v the_o say_a earl_n hereby_o for_o himself_o and_o all_o his_o company_n remit_v to_o all_o those_o that_o be_v of_o the_o party_n of_o the_o king_n any_o thing_n do_v since_o that_o moment_n that_o be_v that_o civil_a war_n in_o which_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n have_v so_o great_a a_o share_n so_o that_o you_o see_v this_o resistance_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n be_v within_o two_o year_n after_o the_o battle_n of_o evesham_n so_o far_o from_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o rebellion_n that_o the_o pardon_n be_v make_v mutual_a not_o only_o for_o the_o earl_n and_o those_o that_o 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inaudita_fw-la praelibatum_fw-la dominum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la regem_fw-la etiam_fw-la si_fw-la vellet_fw-la facere_fw-la modo_fw-la quolibit_fw-la attemptare_fw-la which_o restraint_n of_o the_o king_n will_n must_v certain_o mean_v some_o what_o more_o than_o a_o bare_a remonstrance_n or_o declaration_n against_o it_o since_o we_o have_v see_v in_o our_o own_o time_n king_n make_v nothing_o of_o mere_a verbal_a declaration_n of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n if_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o do_v a_o thing_n they_o think_v belong_v to_o their_o prerogative_n though_o the_o parliament_n declare_v against_o it_o and_o to_o let_v you_o far_o see_v that_o this_o doctrine_n be_v at_o this_o time_n general_o believe_v and_o practise_v all_o over_o europe_n you_o will_v find_v almost_o the_o same_o clause_n in_o the_o letter_n which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o philip_n the_o fair_a king_n of_o france_n anno_fw-la 1203._o which_o fall_v about_o the_o 30_o of_o our_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o be_v send_v to_o the_o same_o pope_n boniface_n upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o his_o manifold_a usurpation_n upon_o the_o church_n of_o france_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a clergy_n of_o that_o kingdom_n 954._o whereby_o it_o not_o only_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v do_v in_o a_o general_a assembly_n of_o estate_n viz._n of_o the_o clergy_n baron_n etc._n etc._n &_o communitates_fw-la villarum_fw-la but_o they_o also_o there_o declare_v expressius_fw-la viva_fw-la voce_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la praesatus_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la quod_fw-la absit_fw-la toleraâ—â—_n uâ—l_v dissimulate_v veilet_fw-la ipsi_fw-la scil_n episcopi_fw-la &_o barones_n &c._n &c._n nullotâ—nus_fw-la sustinerent_fw-la so_o that_o here_o you_o see_v not_o only_o the_o temporal_a estate_n but_o the_o very_a clergy_n declare_v that_o they_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n suffer_v the_o king_n to_o act_v thus_o no_o not_o if_o he_o will_v but_o the_o baron_n and_o people_n of_o england_n do_v actual_o put_v this_o doctrine_n in_o execution_n some_o few_o year_n before_o
this_o letter_n i_o now_o mention_v be_v write_v to_o the_o pope_n which_o transaction_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o almost_o verbatim_o out_o of_o mat._n of_o westminster_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr keyghton_n in_o anno_fw-la 1297._o be_v the_o 26_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o when_o the_o king_n have_v extort_a a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n from_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n contrary_a to_o law_n and_o be_v then_o go_v into_o flanders_n he_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n where_o most_o of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n refuse_v to_o appear_v until_o such_o time_n as_o their_o petition_n for_o the_o ease_n of_o their_o country_n be_v hear_v and_o that_o the_o king_n will_v again_o confirm_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la yet_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n upon_o his_o confession_n of_o his_o male_a administration_n which_o he_o make_v before_o all_o the_o people_n with_o tear_n in_o his_o eye_n and_o promise_v of_o amendment_n then_o obtain_v of_o the_o commons_o a_o aid_n of_o the_o eight_o penny_n of_o their_o good_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n be_v go_v over_o the_o constable_n and_o earl_n marshal_n with_o other_o earl_n and_o baron_n go_v to_o the_o exchequer_n and_o there_o forbid_v the_o judge_n to_o levy_v the_o say_a tax_n upon_o the_o people_n by_o the_o sheriff_n because_o it_o be_v do_v without_o their_o knowledge_n without_o who_o consent_n no_o tax_n ought_v to_o be_v exact_v or_o impose_v so_o that_o the_o say_v earl_n and_o baron_n be_v thus_o gather_v together_o and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n join_v with_o they_o at_o last_o prince_n edw._n then_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v force_v to_o call_v a_o parliament_n to_o which_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n come_v attend_v with_o great_a multitude_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n but_o will_v not_o enter_v the_o city_n of_o london_n till_o the_o prince_n have_v in_o his_o father_n name_n confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n and_o have_v pass_v the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la both_o which_o be_v afterward_o again_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n his_o father_n some_o time_n after_o his_o return_n and_o this_o will_v serve_v to_o explain_v the_o last_o article_n in_o this_o statute_n which_o comprehend_v the_o king_n pardon_n or_o remission_n to_o humphrey_n earl_n of_o herâ—ford_n and_o essâ—x_n then_o constable_n and_o roger_n bigot_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n marshal_n of_o england_n the_o two_o principal_a leader_n in_o the_o late_a resistance_n with_o all_o other_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o esquire_n of_o their_o party_n all_o league_n and_o confederacy_n as_o also_o all_o rancour_n and_o ill-will_a with_o all_o other_o transgression_n against_o they_o &_o and_o pray_v see_v sir_n edward_n coke_n comment_n on_o these_o word_n 536._o you_o compare_v our_o english_a history_n with_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o old_a say_n shall_v be_v verify_v that_o record_n of_o parliament_n the_o true_a history_n the_o king_n have_v conceive_v a_o deep_a displeasure_n against_o the_o constable_n marshal_z and_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n for_o deny_v that_o which_o he_o so_o much_o desire_v yet_o for_o that_o they_o stand_v in_o defence_n of_o their_o law_n liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n etc._n etc._n i_o suppose_v he_o refer_v to_o the_o resistance_n but_o now_o mention_v whereupon_o he_o do_v not_o only_o restore_v the_o same_o to_o they_o as_o aforesaid_a but_o grant_v special_a pardon_n to_o those_o against_o who_o he_o have_v conceive_v so_o heavy_a a_o displeasure_n etc._n etc._n and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o you_o will_v scarce_o read_v the_o like_a and_o after_o a_o short_a gloss_n upon_o the_o word_n rancour_n and_o ill-will_a he_o thus_o comment_v on_o these_o word_n etiam_fw-la transgressiones_fw-la si_fw-la qâ—as_fw-la fecâ—inâ—_n here_o the_o word_n si_fw-fr quaâ—_n sicâ—iâ—t_fw-la be_v add_v lest_o by_o acceptance_n of_o a_o pardon_n they_o shall_v confess_v they_o have_v transgress_v so_o careful_a be_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o to_o preserve_v their_o ancient_a law_n liberty_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o sir_n edward_n coke_n then_o think_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o have_v not_o transgress_v in_o thus_o stand_v up_o though_o with_o force_n of_o arm_n for_o their_o just_a right_n and_o liberty_n and_o which_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o this_o author_n do_v not_o conceive_v such_o a_o resistance_n to_o be_v make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n and_o so_o treason_n at_o that_o time_n at_o common_a law_n and_o consequent_o not_o to_o be_v afterward_o treason_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o since_o that_o statute_n dâ—es_v not_o make_v any_o other_o overtact_n to_o be_v treason_n but_o what_o have_v be_v so_o by_o common_a law_n before_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n son_n edward_n the_o second_o there_o be_v much_o more_o pregnant_a and_o fatal_a proof_n of_o the_o exercise_n of_o this_o right_n of_o resistance_n by_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o people_n of_o england_n against_o peirce_n gaveston_n who_o have_v be_v before_o for_o his_o misgovernment_n of_o the_o king_n banish_v the_o realm_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o come_v over_o with_o the_o king_n licence_n but_o without_o any_o reverse_n of_o the_o say_a act_n thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n the_o king_n uncle_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o and_o though_o he_o raise_v some_o force_n by_o the_o king_n commission_n yet_o they_o fight_v with_o he_o and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o behead_v he_o near_z warwick_z some_o year_n after_o which_o the_o say_a thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n with_o humphrey_z de_fw-fr bohun_n earl_n of_o hereford_n together_o with_o divers_a other_o earl_n and_o baron_n take_v arm_n and_o spoil_v the_o land_n of_o the_o two_o spencer_n father_n and_o son_n come_v up_o to_o london_n where_o the_o king_n have_v call_v a_o parliament_n in_o which_o the_o king_n be_v force_v to_o banish_v the_o say_v spencer_n out_n of_o the_o kingdom_n though_o they_o quick_o return_v again_o against_o who_o when_o the_o say_v earl_n above_o mention_v and_o divers_a other_o baron_n and_o knight_n again_o take_v arm_n but_o be_v fail_v by_o some_o of_o their_o confederates_n be_v overpower_a by_o the_o king_n party_n and_o the_o earl_n be_v take_v prisoner_n be_v attaint_v and_o behead_v at_o portfract_a yet_o be_v the_o this_o judgement_n against_o the_o earl_n and_o those_o of_o his_o party_n afterward_o reverse_v in_o parliament_n in_o 1_o mo_z edward_n the_o three_o and_o their_o heir_n restore_v in_o blood_n as_o also_o to_o the_o land_n of_o their_o father_n as_o beside_o the_o act_n it_o still_o to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o roll_n appear_v more_o plain_o by_o a_o writ_n of_o this_o king_n be_v recite_v 2._o that_o whereas_o at_o a_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n among_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o king_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o all_o those_o who_o be_v in_o the_o quarrel_n with_o thomas_n e._n of_o lancaster_n against_o the_o spencer_n shall_v have_v their_o land_n and_o good_n restore_v because_o the_o say_a quarrel_n be_v find_v and_o adjudge_v by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o be_v good_a and_o just_a and_o that_o the_o judgement_n give_v against_o they_o be_v null_a and_o void_a and_o therefore_o command_v restitution_n of_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n now_o in_o the_o crown_n to_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n and_o the_o like_a writ_n be_v find_v for_o the_o other_o lord_n and_o gentleman_n that_o have_v be_v of_o his_o party_n and_o further_o that_o not_o only_o this_o resistance_n make_v by_o this_o earl_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o follower_n but_o also_o that_o which_o this_o king_n himself_o make_v together_o with_o queen_n isabel_n his_o mother_n against_o the_o misgovernment_n of_o the_o king_n his_o father_n through_o the_o evil_a counsel_n of_o the_o two_o spencer_n appear_v by_o the_o act_n of_o indemnity_n pass_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o this_o king_n in_o the_o preamble_n of_o which_o there_o be_v recite_v a_o short_a history_n of_o the_o wicked_a government_n and_o banishment_n of_o the_o spencer_n father_n and_o son_n and_o also_o how_o thomas_n late_a earl_n of_o lancaster_n be_v by_o their_o procurement_n pursue_v take_v execute_v disinherit_v and_o how_o the_o say_v spencer_n and_o robert_n baldock_n and_o edmund_n earl_n of_o arundel_n by_o the_o royal_a power_n they_o have_v usurp_v have_v cause_v the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n to_o be_v utter_o forsake_v of_o the_o king_n
earl_n and_o in_o the_o like_a pardon_n to_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o i_o now_o also_o quote_v those_o lord_n will_v not_o own_o they_o have_v transgress_v but_o the_o word_n be_v only_o etiam_fw-la transgressiones_fw-la si_fw-la quas_fw-la fecerit_fw-la so_o that_o since_o such_o reformation_n can_v not_o be_v bring_v about_o without_o violence_n and_o bloodshed_n and_o some_o irregularity_n which_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n can_v not_o be_v justify_v by_o the_o strict_a letter_n of_o the_o law_n it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o for_o the_o quiet_v of_o man_n mind_n and_o their_o future_a security_n they_o shall_v be_v indemnify_v for_o what_o they_o have_v do_v with_o so_o good_a a_o intent_n and_o for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o such_o act_n of_o pardon_n do_v not_o relate_v to_o the_o title_n such_o king_n have_v to_o the_o crown_n but_o only_o to_o their_o be_v king_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n appear_v by_o a_o like_a act_n of_o pardon_n pass_v in_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o to_o pardon_v and_o save_v harmless_a all_o those_o that_o come_v over_o with_o the_o king_n and_o all_o that_o help_v he_o to_o recover_v his_o just_a right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n against_o king_n richard_n the_o three_o there_o call_v that_o usurper_n so_o that_o you_o may_v see_v such_o act_n of_o pardon_n do_v not_o concern_v the_o just_a title_n of_o prince_n nor_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o war_n but_o be_v to_o quiet_a man_n mind_n under_o the_o new_a government_n whereas_o those_o that_o take_v part_n with_o the_o usurper_n be_v not_o pardon_v but_o leave_v to_o the_o law_n since_o the_o present_a government_n will_v not_o take_v care_n for_o their_o security_n that_o have_v obstruct_v its_o settlement_n so_o the_o act_n of_o oblivion_n of_o the_o second_o of_o charles_n the_o second_o though_o it_o pardon_v treason_n express_o yet_o it_o as_o well_o pardon_v the_o treason_n of_o they_o that_o have_v commission_n from_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o or_o second_o as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o act_v by_o commission_n from_o other_o pretend_a authority_n so_o that_o you_o see_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o this_o so_o modern_a a_o parliament_n man_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n though_o they_o have_v take_v part_n with_o the_o king_n and_o have_v act_v by_o â—is_n commission_n if_o the_o thing_n command_v be_v illegal_a m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o justify_v take_v up_o arm_n against_o nay_o imprisonment_n of_o our_o king_n when_o that_o which_o you_o call_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o government_n require_v it_o that_o be_v when_o there_o be_v a_o â—action_n in_o the_o kingdom_n strong_a enough_o to_o make_v a_o disturbance_n for_o it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v by_o tacitus_n in_o the_o speech_n he_o make_v for_o otho_n to_o the_o soldier_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o kill_v galba_n than_o emperor_n that_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o speak_v more_o for_o the_o justification_n of_o that_o action_n quod_fw-la laudari_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la nisi_fw-la peractum_fw-la treason_n if_o successful_a have_v never_o want_v a_o sufficient_a party_n in_o the_o nation_n to_o make_v up_o a_o parliament_n to_o countenance_v they_o and_o to_o pardon_v nay_o justify_v all_o those_o that_o have_v be_v actor_n in_o they_o as_o we_o may_v see_v by_o those_o act_n of_o indemnity_n you_o mention_v and_o therefore_o i_o be_o not_o the_o more_o convince_v that_o such_o resistance_n be_v lawful_a notwithstanding_o those_o specious_a declaration_n of_o parliament_n of_o their_o be_v make_v for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o preservation_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n but_o you_o have_v do_v very_o wary_o to_o pass_v by_o without_o any_o justification_n the_o deposition_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o as_o also_o that_o of_o the_o resistance_n as_o you_o call_v it_o of_o henry_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n against_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o as_o also_o his_o deposition_n though_o do_v in_o parliament_n since_o all_o the_o proceed_n against_o this_o king_n be_v repeal_v in_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o four_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o that_o king_n reign_n wherein_o the_o take_n up_o arm_n against_o king_n richard_n by_o henry_n earl_n of_o derby_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o his_o faith_n etc._n and_o legiance_n and_o his_o take_v the_o crown_n call_v usurpation_n and_o the_o kill_n of_o king_n richard_n his_o sovereign_a lord_n term_v as_o it_o just_o deserve_v murder_v and_o tyranny_n which_o do_v though_o not_o direct_o yet_o by_o consequence_n condemn_v his_o deposition_n too_o since_o he_o be_v after_o that_o here_o call_v king_n and_o you_o do_v as_o wary_o pass_v by_o the_o late_a rebellious_a war_n of_o the_o long_a parliament_n against_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o as_o also_o his_o horrid_a murder_n before_o his_o own_o gate_n because_o you_o know_v cry_v well_o that_o this_o doctrine_n of_o resistance_n seldom_o stop_v with_o a_o bare_a reformation_n of_o what_o be_v amiss_o but_o common_o end_v with_o the_o murder_n or_o deposition_n of_o the_o king_n or_o else_o drive_v he_o from_o his_o throne_n as_o we_o now_o find_v it_o by_o woeful_a experience_n in_o the_o person_n of_o our_o unfortunate_a king_n who_o be_v so_o late_o force_v to_o quit_v this_o kingdom_n for_o the_o security_n of_o his_o person_n and_o therefore_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o part_n of_o the_o dispute_n the_o parliament_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o be_v so_o sensible_a of_o the_o great_a mischief_n that_o attend_v this_o rebellious_a doctrine_n as_o have_v be_v the_o destruction_n of_o one_o of_o the_o best_a prince_n that_o ever_o reign_v and_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o many_o brave_a man_n beside_o the_o ruin_n of_o so_o many_o great_a and_o noble_a family_n that_o they_o be_v resolve_v to_o do_v their_o utmost_a to_o prevent_v it_o for_o the_o future_a and_o therefore_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n in_o the_o 13_o and_o 14_o of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o pass_v those_o remarkable_a act_n concern_v the_o settlement_n of_o the_o militia_n in_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n to_o take_v away_o all_o dispute_n about_o it_o though_o they_o declare_v it_o to_o have_v be_v his_o ancient_n right_o and_o therefore_o to_o take_v away_o all_o pretence_n for_o take_v up_o arm_n either_o by_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n or_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o they_o in_o preamble_n to_o both_o these_o 6._o that_o these_o act_n thus_o express_o declare_v forasmuch_o as_o within_o all_o his_o majesty_n realm_n and_o dominion_n the_o sole_a supreme_a government_n command_v and_o disposition_n of_o the_o militia_n and_o of_o all_o force_n by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o of_o all_o fort_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n be_v and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n over_o be_v the_o undoubted_a right_n of_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o royal_a predecessor_n king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n and_o that_o both_o or_o either_o house_n of_o parliament_n can_v nor_o aught_o to_o pretend_v to_o the_o same_o nor_o can_v lawful_o raise_v or_o â—evy_v war_n offensive_a or_o defensive_a against_o his_o majesty_n his_o heir_n or_o lawful_a successor_n and_o yet_o the_o contrary_a hereof_o have_v of_o late_o be_v practise_v almost_o to_o the_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o during_o the_o late_a usurp_v government_n many_o evil_a and_o rebellious_a principle_n have_v be_v distil_v into_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o unless_o prevent_v may_v break_v â—orth_o to_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o quiet_n thereof_o etc._n etc._n and_o in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o statute_n it_o be_v likewise_o ordain_v by_o the_o authority_n aforesaid_a in_o the_o 2d_o statute_n for_o the_o militia_n in_o the_o 14_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n 3d._n wherein_o not_o only_o the_o same_o preamble_n be_v recite_v verbatim_o as_o before_o in_o the_o former_a statute_n but_o it_o be_v also_o enact_v that_o no_o person_n no_o not_o a_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n shall_v be_v capable_a of_o act_v as_o lieutenant_n deputy_n lieutenant_n officer_z or_o soldier_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o act_n unless_o after_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o supremacy_n they_o take_v this_o oath_n follow_v viz._n i_o a._n b._n do_v declare_v and_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o to_o take_v arm_n against_o the_o king_n and_o that_o i_o do_v abhor_v that_o traitor_n position_n that_o arm_n may_v be_v take_v by_o his_o authority_n against_o his_o person_n or_o
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the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n but_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o land_n f._n i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v sacred_a and_o inviolable_a and_o yet_o no_o man_n will_v therefore_o say_v that_o they_o be_v irresistible_a too_o in_o all_o case_n whatsoever_o as_o if_o the_o king_n for_o example_n shall_v attempt_v to_o ravish_v woman_n or_o rob_v or_o murder_v man_n upon_o the_o highway_n or_o in_o the_o street_n as_o the_o ancient_a historian_n relate_v of_o nero_n and_o commodus_n the_o emperor_n and_o as_o be_v report_v of_o the_o last_o king_n of_o portugal_n and_o which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n remove_v he_o from_o the_o government_n and_o as_o our_o henry_n the_o five_o be_v relate_v by_o our_o historian_n to_o have_v rob_v man_n upon_o the_o highway_n before_o he_o be_v king_n so_o if_o he_o have_v go_v about_o to_o 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they_o before_o the_o king_n commissioner_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v require_v to_o take_v view_n of_o they_o a_o regimented_a militia_n be_v of_o no_o elder_a date_n than_o queen_n elizabeth_n king_n james_n the_o first_o do_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n repeal_v all_o former_a act_n for_o assize_n of_o arm_n and_o never_o establish_v any_o thing_n in_o 〈◊〉_d thereof_o so_o it_o stand_v till_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o time_n that_o these_o new_a act_n for_o the_o militia_n be_v make_v and_o to_o confirm_v this_o point_n beyond_o all_o dispute_n in_o all_o the_o quarrel_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o baron_n and_o york_n and_o lancaster_n the_o parliament_n still_o refuse_v to_o meet_v unless_o the_o force_n be_v disband_v that_o be_v raise_v upon_o those_o occasion_n nor_o have_v any_o king_n stand_v force_n or_o guard_n till_z king_n henry_n the_o seventhâ—_n time_n when_o that_o of_o the_o yeoman_n be_v settle_v by_o a_o special_a act_n of_o parliament_n and_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a the_o commons_o in_o the_o long_a parliament_n of_o charles_n the_o second_o do_v by_o their_o vote_n enter_v upon_o their_o journal_o declare_v and_o assert_v that_o by_o law_n no_o arm_a force_n can_v be_v keep_v up_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n except_o the_o militia_n and_o as_o for_o foreign_a succour_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o be_v carry_v immediate_o to_o the_o port_n of_o their_o discharge_n and_o be_v not_o to_o exceed_v one_o month_n at_o further_a from_o the_o time_n of_o their_o first_o muster_n as_o for_o castle_n and_o fort_n within_o the_o realm_n they_o be_v all_o supply_v and_o defend_v by_o tenor_n but_o for_o the_o militia_n of_o old_a time_n it_o be_v in_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n to_o make_v use_n thereof_o for_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n except_o in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a and_o it_o be_v treason_n for_o any_o subject_a to_o levy_v soldier_n except_o by_o the_o king_n commission_n and_o in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a or_o so_o much_o as_o to_o ride_v or_o go_v arm_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o northampton_n in_o the_o 2d_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o much_o less_o be_v it_o lawful_a for_o they_o to_o take_v up_o arm_n unless_o in_o their_o own_o defence_n against_o illegal_a violence_n and_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o law_n direct_v and_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o article_n that_o be_v adjudge_v to_o be_v treason_n in_o parliament_n against_o mortimer_n second_o that_o he_o rid_v arm_v to_o parliament_n and_o threaten_v the_o prelate_n and_o peer_n that_o do_v any_o thing_n against_o his_o will_n and_o cause_v the_o king_n to_o make_v war_n on_o his_o noble_n who_o advise_v the_o king_n to_o levy_v war_n upon_o his_o subject_n see_v coke_n four_o institutes_n title_n council-board_n where_o the_o four_o article_n against_o the_o spencer_n be_v that_o they_o false_o and_o malicious_o have_v counsel_v the_o king_n to_o raise_v horse_n and_o arm_n in_o destruction_n of_o the_o good_a people_n against_o the_o form_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o so_o by_o their_o evil_a counsel_n will_v have_v move_v war_n within_o the_o realm_n to_o the_o destruction_n of_o holy_a church_n and_o of_o the_o people_n for_o their_o proper_a quarrel_n so_o that_o take_v arm_n by_o the_o king_n against_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o subject_n against_o the_o king_n be_v both_o alike_o against_o law_n 2_o that_o take_v arm_n against_o the_o king_n in_o construction_n of_o law_n be_v levy_v war_n but_o this_o by_o no_o mean_n extend_v to_o defensive_a arm_n in_o maintenance_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v allow_v and_o enjoin_v and_o that_o nothing_o else_o be_v here_o mean_a be_v plain_a
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person_n and_o which_o if_o not_o allow_v will_v draw_v much_o worse_a consequence_n along_o with_o it_o and_o therefore_o as_o for_o the_o just_a right_n and_o liberty_n we_o contend_v for_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o be_v contain_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o the_o petition_n of_o right_n and_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o immemorial_n right_n and_o liberty_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o that_o first_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o safety_n of_o man_n life_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o their_o person_n aly_a the_o security_n of_o their_o estate_n and_o civil_a property_n and_o 3_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o their_o religion_n as_o it_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n all_o which_o i_o will_v reduce_v to_o these_o plain_a proposition_n 1._o that_o no_o freeman_n of_o england_n ought_v to_o be_v imprison_v or_o arrest_v contrary_a to_o law_n freeman_n without_o specify_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o commitment_n in_o the_o warrant_n or_o mittimus_fw-la whereby_o he_o be_v send_v to_o prison_n and_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v send_v out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o country_n or_o jurisdiction_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v commit_v unless_o he_o be_v remove_v by_o due_a course_n of_o law_n neither_o ought_v he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n to_o be_v detain_v in_o prison_n without_o trial_n only_o for_o a_o punishment_n but_o aught_o to_o be_v try_v the_o next_o assize_n or_o goal-delivery_n or_o within_o some_o reasonable_a time_n to_o be_v allow_v of_o by_o the_o court._n and_o this_o be_v common-law_n many_o age_n before_o the_o act_n of_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la make_v in_o the_o 31st_o of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o which_o do_v but_o ascertain_v that_o law_n concern_v bail_a man_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o crime_n in_o case_n no_o prosecution_n come_v in_o against_o they_o much_o less_o can_v the_o king_n or_o any_o court_n below_o the_o whole_a parliament_n banish_v any_o man_n the_o kingdom_n in_o any_o case_n unless_o by_o some_o know_a law_n already_o make_v whereby_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o abjure_v it_o upon_o a_o lawful_a trial_n by_o his_o peer_n and_o conviction_n by_o his_o own_o confession_n 2._o nor_o can_v the_o king_n nor_o any_o court_n of_o justice_n condemn_v a_o man_n to_o loss_n of_o life_n or_o member_n without_o due_a trial_n by_o his_o peer_n and_o legal_a judgement_n give_v thereupon_o and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o the_o petition_n of_o right_n which_o be_v both_o but_o declaratory_a of_o the_o common-law_n of_o englandâ—_n see_v therefore_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 29._o whereby_o it_o be_v declare_v and_o enact_v that_o no_o freeman_n may_v be_v take_v and_o imprison_v or_o be_v disseise_v of_o his_o freehold_n or_o liberty_n or_o his_o free_a custom_n or_o be_v outlaw_v or_o exile_v or_o in_o any_o manner_n destroy_v but_o by_o the_o lawful_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o be_v also_o far_o confirm_v and_o explain_v by_o these_o statute_n viz._n the_o 37_o 38_o 42._o of_o edward_n iii_o and_o 17._o of_o richard_n the_o ii_o all_o which_o be_v sum_v up_o 6._o and_o more_o particular_o declare_v against_o contrary_a to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o petition_n of_o right_o exhibit_v to_o king_n charles_n the_o i._o in_o parliament_n in_o the_o thirty_o of_o his_o reign_n wherein_o the_o late_a imprisonment_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n without_o any_o cause_n show_v and_o the_o denial_n of_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la be_v express_o resent_v as_o also_o put_v soldier_n and_o mariner_n to_o death_n by_o martial_a law_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o the_o king_n answer_n to_o this_o petition_n be_v remarkable_a
the_o king_n will_v that_o right_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n 625._o etc._n etc._n which_o not_o satisfy_v as_o too_o doubtful_a and_o general_a the_o king_n at_o last_o give_v this_o full_a and_o clear_a answer_n in_o legal_a â—orm_n soit_fw-fr droit_n fait_fw-fr commâ—_n il_fw-fr est_fw-fr desirè_fw-la the_o second_o point_n in_o relation_n to_o our_o civil_a property_n be_v this_o that_o no_o tax_n taillage_n or_o aid_n shall_v be_v lay_v or_o levy_v by_o the_o king_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n knight_n burgess_n and_o whole_a commonalty_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o parliament_n this_o be_v first_o of_o all_o grant_v by_o the_o 56th_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v as_o also_o more_o particular_o forbid_v by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la in_o the_o 34th_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o be_v but_o a_o revival_n or_o explanation_n of_o the_o former_a law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o and_o also_o by_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o person_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o make_v any_o loan_n to_o the_o king_n against_o his_o will_n because_o they_o be_v against_o reason_n and_o the_o franchise_n of_o the_o land_n and_o it_o be_v also_o provide_v that_o none_o shall_v be_v charge_v by_o any_o charge_n or_o imposition_n call_v a_o benevolence_n nor_o by_o such_o like_a charge_n which_o be_v also_o more_o full_o set_v forth_o in_o the_o say_a petition_n of_o right_n to_o have_v be_v late_o execute_v by_o certain_a commissioner_n as_o also_o that_o divers_a other_o charge_n have_v be_v lay_v and_o levy_v by_o lords-lieutenant_n deputy-lieutenant_n etc._n etc._n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o free_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o three_o point_n declare_v against_o in_o this_o petition_n of_o right_n be_v against_o quarter_a of_o soldier_n though_o they_o pay_v for_o their_o quartor_n contrary_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o inhabitant_n much_o more_o when_o they_o do_v take_v free_a quarter_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o have_v be_v too_o much_o practise_v of_o late_a so_o that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n not_o only_o private-house_n but_o inn_n and_o alehouse_n be_v not_o compellable_n to_o quarter_n soldier_n unless_o they_o will_v so_o much_o be_v this_o nation_n ancient_o a_o stranger_n to_o stand_a army_n and_o quarter_a of_o soldier_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n that_o there_o be_v no_o provision_n make_v for_o it_o either_o at_o common-law_n or_o by_o any_o statute_n that_o i_o know_v of_o four_o that_o no_o new_a law_n can_v be_v make_v without_o a_o express_a act_n of_o parliament_n or_o the_o joynt-consent_n of_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o and_o therefore_o that_o parliament_n ought_v to_o be_v due_o summon_v and_o hold_v for_o the_o good_a and_o safety_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o common_a as_o well_o as_o statute_n law_n once_o every_o year_n and_o according_a to_o more_o modern_a statute_n once_o in_o three_o year_n at_o least_o or_o whenever_o there_o be_v a_o just_a and_o necessary_a occasion_n for_o it_o and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o old_a english_a saxon_n law_n which_o ordain_v that_o the_o great_a council_n or_o mycel_v synod_n shall_v be_v hold_v twice_o in_o the_o year_n as_o the_o ancient_a mirror_n of_o justice_n recite_v and_o the_o constant_a custom_n long_o after_o the_o conquest_n in_o which_o there_o never_o pass_v a_o year_n without_o a_o general_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o when_o this_o come_v by_o degree_n to_o be_v discontinue_v then_o be_v those_o statute_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o richard_n the_o second_o make_v whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o a_o parliament_n shall_v be_v hold_v every_o year_n and_o often_o if_o there_o be_v occasion_n 5th_o since_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o parliament_n be_v the_o very_a soul_n and_o essence_n of_o the_o government_n the_o election_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o sit_v and_o serve_v in_o parliament_n aught_o to_o be_v free_a and_o all_o the_o member_n of_o parliament_n who_o have_v place_n there_o either_o by_o patent_n or_o writ_n of_o summons_n as_o the_o lord_n or_o else_o by_o election_n or_o writ_n as_o the_o bishop_n ought_v to_o be_v present_a and_o there_o to_o have_v freedom_n of_o speech_n and_o vote_n without_o any_o guard_n to_o over-awe_n or_o terrify_v they_o and_o none_o to_o be_v force_v threaten_a bribe_v or_o tamper_v with_o to_o give_v their_o vote_n contrary_a to_o their_o conscience_n either_o by_o the_o king_n or_o any_o of_o his_o minister_n this_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o stat._n of_o westm._n 1_o chap._n 5._o whereby_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o all_o election_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a which_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o this_o statute_n extend_v to_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o other_o election_n since_o i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o elect_v member_n to_o parliament_n when_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o england_n 36._o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o roll_n of_o parliament_n 1_o hen._n 4._o wherein_o it_o be_v allege_v as_o by_o the_o parliament_n as_o one_o of_o the_o article_n against_o richard_n the_o second_o in_o these_o word_n item_n licet_fw-la de_fw-la stato_fw-la &_o consuttudine_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la in_o convocatione_n enjuslibet_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la populus_fw-la suus_fw-la in_o singulis_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la debeat_fw-la esse_fw-la libre_fw-la ad_fw-la eligendum_fw-la &_o deputandum_fw-la milites_fw-la pro_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la ad_fw-la inter_fw-la â—ssendum_fw-la parliamentis_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la exponendum_fw-la corum_fw-la gravamina_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la prosequendum_fw-la pro_fw-la remediis_fw-la superinde_v prout_fw-la videntur_fw-la expedire_fw-la tamen_fw-la praefatus_fw-la rex_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o parliamentis_fw-la suis_fw-la liberius_fw-la consequi_fw-la valeat_fw-la suae_fw-la temerariae_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la effectum_fw-la direxit_fw-la mandata_fw-la sua_fw-la frequentius_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la ejus_fw-la ut_fw-la certas_fw-la personas_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la nominatas_fw-la ut_fw-la milites_fw-la câ—mitatuum_fw-la venirâ—_fw-it saciant_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la sua_fw-la quos_fw-la quidem_fw-la milites_fw-la eidem_fw-la regi_fw-la faventes_fw-la inducâ—re_fw-la poterat_fw-la prout_fw-la frequentius_fw-la fecit_fw-la quandoque_fw-la pro_fw-la minas_fw-la varias_fw-la &_o terrores_fw-la &_o quandoque_fw-la per_fw-la munera_fw-la ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la illis_fw-la quâ—a_fw-la regno_fw-la praedicto_fw-la prâ—ejudicialia_fw-la fuerant_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la quam_fw-la plurimum_fw-la onerosa_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o you_o here_o may_v see_v that_o it_o be_v then_o judge_v by_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o be_v a_o brench_n of_o one_o of_o the_o fundamental_a liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o the_o king_n to_o make_v false_a return_n to_o be_v make_v of_o parliament-man_n as_o also_o to_o corrupt_v or_o over-awe_n their_o vote_n either_o by_o promise_n or_o threatening_n but_o to_o conclude_v that_o we_o have_v such_o thing_n as_o fundamental_a law_n and_o privilege_n i_o shall_v go_v no_o far_o than_o king_n james_n i._o his_o speech_n confirm_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n wherein_o it_o be_v recite_v that_o the_o king_n have_v vouchsafe_v to_o express_v many_o way_n how_o far_o it_o be_v and_o ever_o shall_v be_v from_o his_o royal_a and_o sincere_a care_n and_o affection_n to_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n to_o alter_v or_o innovate_v the_o fundamental_a law_n privilege_n and_o good_a custom_n of_o this_o kingdom_n whereby_o not_o only_o his_o royal_a authority_n but_o the_o people_n security_n of_o land_n live_n and_o privilege_n both_o in_o general_a and_o particular_a be_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v and_o by_o the_o abolish_n or_o alteration_n of_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o present_a confusion_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o whole_a state_n and_o â—rame_v of_o this_o realm_n so_o that_o if_o this_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n and_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n be_v true_a sure_o we_o may_v just_o suppose_v that_o thing_n of_o such_o vast_a concernment_n deserve_v our_o contend_v for_o by_o all_o mean_v possible_a and_o lawful_a to_o preserve_v they_o for_o what_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o land_n upon_o occasion_n once_o say_v with_o one_o voice_n in_o full_a parliament_n every_o freeborn_a subject_n of_o england_n may_v as_o well_o say_v at_o this_o day_n nolumus_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la mutari_fw-la which_o be_v a_o maxim_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v imprint_v upon_o the_o heart_n of_o all_o true_a englishman_n who_o as_o my_o lord_n bacon_n very_o well_o observe_v take_v themselves_o to_o have_v as_o good_a title_n to_o their_o law_n 43._o as_o to_o the_o
and_o lord_n lieutenant_n and_o if_o they_o have_v refuse_v to_o answer_v positive_o to_o those_o question_n propose_v to_o they_o i_o know_v no_o other_o penalty_n they_o have_v be_v liable_a to_o more_o than_o be_v put_v out_o of_o commission_n which_o sure_o be_v no_o punishment_n but_o rather_o a_o ease_n and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o defend_v those_o evil_a minister_n that_o put_v the_o king_n upon_o this_o method_n of_o distrust_v and_o disoblige_v his_o best_a protestant_a subject_n i_o mean_v those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n by_o put_v they_o out_o and_o put_v in_o either_o papist_n or_o fanatic_n in_o their_o stead_n yet_o all_o that_o own_o themselves_o of_o that_o communion_n aught_o to_o have_v be_v of_o more_o loyal_a principle_n than_o to_o have_v take_v up_o arm_n as_o some_o of_o they_o have_v do_v upon_o pretence_n of_o stand_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n declaration_n against_o these_o abuse_n f._n i_o see_v though_o you_o can_v direct_o justify_v the_o examine_n of_o the_o lord_n lieutenant_n and_o deputy_n lieutenant_n and_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n about_o take_v away_o the_o penal_a law_n and_o test_n and_o turn_v those_o out_o of_o commission_n that_o refuse_v yet_o you_o strive_v to_o mitigate_v it_o as_o far_o as_o you_o can_v by_o make_v it_o part_v of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n to_o put_v in_o and_o out_o what_o judge_n justices_z and_o other_o officer_n he_o please_v well_o grant_v this_o to_o be_v so_o yet_o sure_o you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o closit_n of_o judge_n and_o all_o other_o officer_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v and_o put_v those_o out_o of_o commission_n that_o refuse_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n will_v and_o that_o for_o no_o other_o reason_n be_v sure_o a_o strange_a abuse_n of_o that_o prerogative_n and_o the_o excuse_v you_o make_v that_o the_o person_n examine_v have_v a_o liberty_n to_o refuse_v whether_o they_o will_v give_v any_o positive_a answer_n or_o not_o be_v yet_o more_o trivial_a since_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o as_o well_o those_o who_o give_v doubtful_a answer_n or_o refuse_v to_o make_v any_o answer_n at_o all_o be_v as_o much_o turn_v out_o as_o they_o who_o positive_o deny_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n demand_n so_o that_o no_o answer_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o satisfactory_a but_o such_o as_o seem_v to_o give_v up_o all_o freedom_n of_o election_n and_o vote_n in_o parliament_n none_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o king_n direction_n but_o such_o as_o will_v engage_v before_o hand_n to_o repeal_v the_o test_n and_o penal_a law_n and_o i_o think_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o king_n by_o thus_o examine_v all_o these_o magistrate_n and_o officer_n you_o now_o mention_v and_o by_o turn_v those_o out_o that_o refuse_v to_o comply_v do_v all_o he_o can_v to_o hinder_v the_o free_a election_n of_o member_n to_o serve_v in_o parliament_n and_o the_o freedom_n of_o give_v their_o vote_n when_o they_o come_v thither_o and_o the_o king_n may_v as_o well_o another_o time_n have_v declare_v that_o he_o will_v have_v no_o member_n choose_v but_o such_o as_o will_v agree_v to_o take_v away_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concidendo_fw-la or_o any_o branch_n of_o magna_n chartâ—_n which_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a to_o have_v repeal_v and_o as_o this_o strike_v at_o the_o very_a fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n viz_o the_o free_a election_n of_o parliament_n man_n so_o it_o be_v insert_v among_o the_o article_n against_o richard_n the_o ii_o that_o he_o have_v cause_v the_o sheriff_n to_o return_v who_o he_o please_v for_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o but_o what_o say_v you_o to_o the_o king_n late_o call_v in_o almost_o all_o the_o charter_n of_o city_n town_n and_o corporation_n in_o england_n and_o put_v in_o popish_a or_o fanatic_a officer_n and_o magistrate_n into_o the_o room_n of_o those_o that_o be_v turn_v out_o only_o to_o influence_n election_n and_o to_o procure_v what_o person_n he_o desire_v to_o be_v return_v for_o parliament_n man_n be_v not_o this_o a_o grand_a breach_n of_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n thus_o to_o take_v away_o the_o legal_a right_n and_o privilege_n of_o these_o corporation_n for_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o to_o procure_v the_o king_n such_o parliament_n man_n as_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o m._n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n i_o forget_v to_o mention_v this_o soon_o and_o though_o i_o will_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o absolute_o to_o defend_v the_o legality_n of_o it_o much_o less_o the_o design_n for_o which_o it_o be_v do_v since_o i_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v in_o order_n to_o destroy_v or_o at_o least_o to_o humble_v the_o church_n of_o england_n yet_o since_o iâ—_n be_v do_v by_o colour_n of_o law_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n of_o king_n bench_n and_o no_o more_o than_o what_o have_v be_v former_o do_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n i_o can_v see_v how_o the_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n late_o in_o arm_n can_v defend_v their_o rise_n upon_o that_o ground_n unless_o they_o will_v also_o at_o the_o same_o time_n justify_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o plot_n and_o rebellion_n intend_v in_o the_o same_o reign_n and_o in_o which_o so_o many_o of_o the_o whig_n nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v deep_o engage_v f._n to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v say_v in_o vindication_n of_o this_o great_a violation_n of_o one_o of_o the_o fundamental_a right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n tell_v you_o that_o as_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o examine_v into_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n whether_o a_o corporation_n can_v forfeit_v its_o charter_n for_o misdemeanour_n or_o not_o much_o less_o shall_v i_o concern_v myself_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o or_o without_o colour_n of_o law_n or_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n of_o king_n bench_n since_o it_o be_v notorious_o know_v 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he_o may_v therefore_o have_v occasion_n sometime_o not_o only_o to_o detract_v from_o they_o or_o dispense_v with_o they_o in_o some_o case_n but_o may_v whole_o break_v and_o lay_v they_o aside_o by_o turn_v tyrant_n 5._o yet_o nevertheless_o in_o all_o these_o case_n people_n be_v still_o bind_v not_o to_o resist_v they_o and_o that_o he_o look_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o such_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n as_o well_o as_o other_o he_o there_o mention_n pray_v read_v i_o the_o place_n i_o now_o cite_v where_o after_o he_o have_v allow_v resistance_n to_o be_v lawful_a against_o those_o prince_n who_o be_v not_o proper_o monarch_n as_o enjoy_v but_o a_o share_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n and_o among_o which_o he_o reckon_v the_o german_a emperor_n and_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o poland_n but_o then_o when_o he_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o real_a and_o absolute_a monarchy_n his_o sense_n be_v quite_o different_a as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o these_o word_n 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here_o call_v fortunas_fw-la be_v as_o much_o forbid_v as_o call_v he_o in_o question_n by_o appoint_v judge_n to_o sit_v upon_o he_o and_o he_o there_o give_v we_o a_o very_a good_a reason_n for_o it_o because_o all_o subject_n of_o what_o degree_n soever_o can_v pretend_v to_o any_o coercive_a power_n over_o the_o person_n of_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n f._n we_o have_v discourse_v enough_o concern_v the_o resistance_n of_o absolute_a monarch_n at_o our_o three_o and_o four_o meeting_n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v we_o may_v not_o fall_v into_o that_o subject_a which_o can_v produce_v nothing_o but_o needless_a repetition_n and_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o 5_o conversation_n that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarch_n but_o be_v limit_v and_o tie_v up_o by_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n from_o make_v of_o law_n or_o raise_v tax_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o people_n in_o parliament_n and_o that_o our_o government_n be_v mix_v and_o make_v up_o of_o monarchy_n with_o a_o allay_n of_o aristocracy_n and_o democracy_n in_o the_o constitution_n the_o former_a in_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n the_o latter_a in_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o as_o k._n charles_n the_o first_o himself_o confess_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o the_o parliament_n 19_o proposition_n and_o i_o have_v far_o enforce_v this_o from_o divers_a authority_n out_o of_o our_o ancient_n as_o well_o as_o modern_a lawyer_n viz._n glanvill_n bracton_n fortescue_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n so_o that_o since_o we_o have_v such_o clear_a proof_n for_o our_o constitution_n from_o our_o own_o history_n and_o author_n nay_o from_o the_o king_n himself_o beside_o the_o whole_a purporâ—_n and_o style_n of_o the_o very_a law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o do_v not_o value_v the_o authority_n of_o bodin_n a_o foreigner_n who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o set_v up_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o french_a king_n to_o the_o high_a pitch_n he_o can_v and_o therefore_o be_v sensible_a that_o ancient_o the_o government_n of_o france_n and_o england_n be_v much_o the_o same_o he_o can_v not_o with_o any_o face_n make_v his_o own_o a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n unless_o he_o have_v make_v we_o so_o too_o but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o only_a error_n he_o have_v be_v guilty_a of_o in_o our_o history_n and_o constitution_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o when_o there_o be_v occasion_n but_o arnisaeus_n who_o as_o well_o as_o bodin_n be_v so_o much_o for_o absolute_a monarch_n yet_o do_v in_o his_o treatise_n of_o government_n call_v his_o confess_v that_o a_o tyrant_n in_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n who_o violate_v all_o the_o law_n of_o justice_n and_o equity_n to_o the_o endanger_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n do_v ixcidere_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la fall_v from_o or_o forfeit_v his_o hereditary_a right_n but_o pray_v make_v it_o out_o by_o some_o convince_a proof_n either_o from_o history_n or_o law_n that_o our_o king_n be_v
such_o absolute_a monarch_n as_o you_o will_v make_v they_o that_o by_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n they_o can_v be_v resist_v nor_o can_v fall_v from_o their_o regal_a power_n let_v they_o carry_v themselves_o never_o so_o tyrannical_o for_o i_o do_v not_o see_v you_o have_v be_v yet_o able_a to_o do_v it_o by_o any_o argument_n you_o have_v hitherto_o make_v use_n of_o m._n i_o have_v already_o at_o our_o 5_o as_o well_o as_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n give_v you_o divers_a argument_n and_o authority_n whereby_o i_o prove_v the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n to_o be_v complete_a and_o absolute_a monarch_n especial_o that_o place_n from_o bracton_n 9_o where_o he_o thus_o speak_v of_o the_o king_n that_o every_o one_o be_v under_o he_o and_o that_o himself_o be_v under_o none_o but_o god_n that_o he_o have_v no_o peer_n in_o his_o kingdom_n because_o so_o he_o will_v lose_v his_o power_n since_o a_o equal_a have_v no_o command_n over_o a_o equal_a much_o more_o have_v he_o any_o superior_a because_o than_o he_o will_v be_v inferior_a to_o his_o subject_n and_o inferior_n can_v be_v equal_a with_o their_o superior_n which_o sufficient_o destroy_v that_o notion_n of_o you_o that_o subject_n can_v be_v in_o any_o case_n equal_a with_o their_o prince_n so_o as_o to_o judge_v and_o resist_v their_o action_n which_o be_v also_o far_o enforce_v by_o another_o passage_n just_a aforego_n de_fw-la chartis_fw-la vero_fw-la regiis_fw-la &_o factis_fw-la regum_fw-la non_fw-la debent_fw-la nec_fw-la possunt_fw-la justiciarii_fw-la nec_fw-la privatae_fw-la personae_fw-la disputare_fw-la nec_fw-la etiam_fw-la si_fw-la in_o illis_fw-la dubitatio_fw-la ulla_fw-la oriatur_fw-la possunt_fw-la eam_fw-la interpretari_fw-la &_o in_o dubiis_fw-la &_o obscuris_fw-la vel_fw-la si_fw-la aliqua_fw-la dictio_fw-la duos_fw-la continâ—at_fw-la intellectus_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la erit_fw-la expectanda_fw-la interpretatio_fw-la &_o voluptas_fw-la cum_fw-la ejus_fw-la sit_fw-la interpretari_fw-la cujus_fw-la est_fw-la concedere_fw-la from_o which_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o king_n action_n be_v above_o all_o censure_n and_o dispute_v much_o more_o forcible_a opposition_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o i_o defy_v you_o to_o show_v i_o any_o passage_n in_o bracton_n fleta_n or_o even_o your_o belove_a author_n fortescue_n that_o in_o the_o least_o countenance_n your_o doctrine_n of_o resistance_n much_o less_o your_o opinion_n of_o the_o king_n forfeiture_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o royal_a dignity_n for_o tyranny_n or_o the_o high_a violation_n of_o law_n but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a in_o all_o those_o passage_n that_o i_o have_v either_o observe_v myself_o or_o find_v quote_v out_o of_o they_o by_o other_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v both_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n call_v the_o king_n if_o he_o prove_v a_o tyrant_n or_o one_o that_o govern_v contrary_a to_o law_n not_o god_n but_o the_o devil_n minister_n yet_o for_o all_o that_o they_o no_o where_o maintain_v that_o then_o he_o ought_v or_o may_v be_v resist_v by_o his_o subject_n or_o that_o they_o be_v discharge_v of_o their_o allegiance_n towards_o he_o for_o bracton_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o place_n 7._o that_o if_o the_o king_n do_v any_o man_n wrong_a or_o injury_n locus_fw-la erit_fw-la supplicationi_fw-la quod_fw-la factum_fw-la suum_fw-la corrigat_fw-la &_o emendet_fw-la quod_fw-la quidem_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la fecerit_fw-la satis_fw-la sufficit_fw-la ei_fw-la ad_fw-la paenam_fw-la quod_fw-la dominum_fw-la expeâ—tet_fw-la ultorem_fw-la nemo_fw-la quidem_fw-la de_fw-la factis_fw-la suis_fw-la praesumeâ—_n disputare_fw-la multo_fw-la fortius_fw-la contra_fw-la factum_fw-la suum_fw-la venire_fw-la the_o same_o he_o say_v likewise_o word_n for_o word_n in_o another_o place_n of_o any_o other_o king_n or_o prince_n who_o have_v no_o superior_a lord_n against_o who_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n by_o assize_n or_o legal_a trial_n as_o against_o a_o equal_a but_o only_o place_v leave_v the_o injure_a subject_n for_o petition_n and_o bracton_n give_v we_o a_o very_a good_a reason_n for_o it_o in_o this_o maxim_n omnis_fw-la qúidem_fw-la sub_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la sub_fw-la nullo_n nisi_fw-la tantum_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v this_o moral_a obligation_n which_o the_o king_n have_v to_o observe_v the_o law_n be_v far_a increase_v by_o his_o coronation-oath_n 9_o as_o bracton_n observe_v in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr actionibus_fw-la but_o then_o as_o in_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n the_o people_n swear_v nothing_o to_o the_o king_n but_o what_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o observe_v unsworn_a so_o the_o king_n in_o his_o coronation-oath_n promise_v nothing_o to_o the_o people_n but_o what_o in_o justice_n and_o equity_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v whether_o he_o swear_v or_o not_o for_o ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la say_v the_o same_o author_n of_o the_o king_n electus_fw-la &_o creatus_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la judicium_fw-la faciat_fw-la universis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o separare_fw-la debet_fw-la rex_fw-la cum_fw-la sit_fw-la dei_fw-la vicarius_fw-la ius_n ab_fw-la injuria_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o then_o if_o he_o will_v pervert_v this_o great_a end_n for_o which_o god_n make_v he_o king_n if_o he_o will_v not_o act_v as_o it_o become_v god_n vicar_n if_o he_o will_v obstruct_v or_o pervert_v the_o law_n and_o govern_v never_o so_o tyrannical_o yet_o still_o there_o be_v leave_v no_o remedy_n to_o his_o subject_n by_o the_o law_n but_o moral_a persuasion_n for_o the_o law_n imperial_a of_o this_o realm_n have_v declare_v he_o to_o be_v a_o free_a uncondition_v and_o independent_a sovereign_n exempt_v from_o all_o coaction_n and_o outward_a force_n much_o more_o from_o any_o forfeiture_n of_o this_o crown_n or_o regal_a authority_n f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o return_v you_o a_o satisfactory_a answer_n to_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v for_o as_o for_o reason_n i_o see_v none_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o to_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v barclay_n and_o all_o other_o writer_n agree_v that_o in_o these_o two_o case_n you_o mention_v the_o people_n may_v resist_v their_o prince_n because_o he_o do_v as_o good_a as_o renounce_v the_o government_n of_o they_o and_o abdicate_v the_o crown_n he_o wear_v pray_v observe_v that_o they_o also_o allow_v the_o people_n to_o judge_v for_o themselves_o when_o the_o king_n thus_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v they_o to_o make_v over_o his_o crown_n to_o a_o foreign_a prince_n now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o why_o the_o people_n in_o a_o limit_v or_o mix_v kingdom_n as_o we_o be_v can_v as_o well_o judge_v when_o the_o king_n have_v break_v the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o government_n whereby_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n and_o have_v either_o actual_o set_v up_o or_o be_v go_v about_o to_o bring_v in_o tyranny_n or_o arbitrary_a power_n since_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n i_o have_v lay_v down_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n the_o matter_n to_o be_v judge_v of_o may_v be_v as_o plain_a and_o evident_a not_o only_o to_o a_o single_a person_n but_o to_o a_o whole_a nation_n all_o that_o you_o have_v to_o say_v against_o this_o be_v only_o a_o hypothesis_n you_o have_v lay_v down_o without_o any_o just_a ground_n that_o the_o king_n be_v a_o sovereign_a prince_n who_o hold_v his_o crown_n without_o any_o condition_n whatever_o and_o therefore_o free_a from_o all_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o crown_n or_o regal_a authority_n which_o be_v the_o point_n to_o be_v prove_v now_o if_o i_o have_v already_o make_v out_o as_o i_o suppose_v i_o have_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n as_o not_o have_v the_o two_o main_a part_n of_o it_o viz._n the_o power_n of_o raise_v money_n and_o make_v law_n in_o his_o own_o disposal_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o people_n and_o these_o so_o reserve_v by_o his_o own_o concession_n or_o that_o of_o his_o predecessor_n from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o kingly_a government_n in_o this_o island_n and_o if_o i_o have_v also_o prove_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n that_o if_o we_o have_v such_o fundamental_a right_n we_o have_v also_o some_o mean_n leave_v we_o to_o keep_v and_o preserve_v they_o inviolable_a and_o that_o this_o mean_n be_v only_o a_o forcible_a defensive_a resistance_n in_o case_n they_o be_v forcible_o invade_v by_o any_o of_o the_o king_n officer_n or_o soldier_n nay_o by_o his_o own_o personal_a power_n in_o case_n he_o shall_v be_v so_o ill_o advise_v as_o to_o join_v himself_o with_o such_o instrument_n of_o tyranny_n it_o will_v then_o also_o follow_v that_o such_o a_o resistance_n be_v real_o a_o suspension_n of_o their_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o time_n it_o last_v and_o till_o they_o can_v see_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o hope_n lest_o of_o a_o reconciliation_n with_o he_o and_o that_o he_o will_v amend_v his_o error_n and_o misgovernment_n and_o if_o so_o and_o
have_v make_v use_n of_o to_o wit_n rex_fw-la habet_fw-la superiorem_fw-la legem_fw-la &_o curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la viz._n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &c._n &c._n who_o ought_v if_o he_o transgress_v the_o law_n to_o put_v a_o bridle_n upon_o he_o yet_o by_o this_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v neither_o bracton_n nor_o fleta_n can_v mean_v any_o co-active_a â—orce_n but_o only_o a_o moral_a restraint_n upon_o the_o king_n by_o petition_n remonstrance_n or_o denial_n of_o aid_n till_o he_o will_v be_v reform_v by_o fair_a mean_n but_o that_o it_o do_v not_o go_v far_o appear_v by_o the_o parallel_v bracton_n there_o make_v between_o our_o saviour_n christ_n and_o the_o virgin_n mary_n who_o be_v both_o free_a from_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n yet_o voluntary_o choose_v to_o be_v obedient_a to_o it_o which_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o those_o author_n never_o design_v that_o the_o parliament_n shall_v oblige_v the_o king_n by_o force_n or_o whether_o he_o will_v or_o no_o to_o amend_v 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time_n 3._o a_o right_a of_o grant_v general_a aid_n or_o tax_n for_o the_o people_n and_o that_o without_o their_o consent_n no_o tax_n can_v be_v impose_v 4._o and_o as_o subsequent_a to_o all_o these_o a_o right_a of_o agree_v to_o all_o war_n and_o treaty_n of_o peace_n â—o_o be_v make_v with_o foreign_a nation_n but_o the_o first_o and_o last_o of_o these_o though_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o have_v be_v constant_o observe_v during_o the_o saxon_a government_n and_o long_o after_o yet_o since_o the_o people_n have_v part_v with_o their_o right_n to_o their_o king_n in_o these_o matter_n i_o shall_v not_o now_o insist_v upon_o they_o only_o that_o this_o people_n have_v still_o a_o right_n to_o parliament_n once_o in_o three_o year_n at_o least_o and_o often_o if_o necessity_n require_v these_o then_o be_v the_o original_a constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n must_v have_v either_o enter_v into_o a_o compact_n with_o the_o people_n for_o the_o maintenance_n and_o observation_n of_o these_o fundamental_a right_n or_o else_o it_o must_v have_v be_v leave_v to_o his_o discretion_n whether_o he_o will_v suffer_v the_o people_n to_o enjoy_v they_o or_o not_o if_o the_o latter_a have_v be_v true_a than_o i_o grant_v they_o have_v make_v he_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n and_o have_v leave_v it_o whole_o at_o his_o discretion_n whether_o they_o shall_v enjoy_v these_o fundamental_a right_n and_o privilege_n or_o not_o but_o it_o appear_v plain_o to_o the_o contrary_a that_o they_o do_v not_o for_o i_o shall_v prove_v if_o need_v be_v that_o the_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v at_o first_o elective_a and_o not_o hereditary_a now_o in_o all_o elective_a kingdom_n of_o the_o gothick_n model_n it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o their_o king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v absolute_a that_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n or_o great_a council_n of_o those_o kingdom_n reserve_v to_o themselves_o a_o power_n of_o depose_v their_o king_n for_o tyranny_n and_o mis_n government_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v be_v frequent_o do_v not_o only_o in_o england_n but_o in_o all_o the_o neighbour_a kingdom_n without_o any_o imputation_n of_o rebellion_n and_o i_o have_v also_o give_v you_o a_o quotation_n out_o of_o the_o ancient_a mirror_n of_o justice_n which_o tell_v we_o that_o upon_o the_o election_n of_o the_o first_o king_n of_o this_o whole_a island_n 8._o the_o prince_n that_o choose_v he_o then_o cause_v he_o to_o swear_v that_o he_o will_v maintain_v the_o holy_a christian_a faith_n with_o all_o his_o power_n shall_v rule_v his_o people_n just_o without_o regard_n to_o any_o person_n and_o shall_v be_v obedient_a to_o suffer_v right_o or_o justice_n as_o well_o as_o other_o his_o subject_n and_o now_o that_o upon_o a_o failure_n to_o perform_v these_o thing_n a_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o
crown_n will_v follow_v and_o that_o thereupon_o he_o will_v cease_v to_o be_v king_n pray_v see_v those_o ancient_a law_n in_o lambards_n saxon_a law_n and_o sir_n h._n spelman_n council_n which_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n 608._o though_o they_o be_v make_v as_o hoveden_n show_v we_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edgar_n his_o grandfather_n where_o among_o those_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n that_o be_v confirm_v by_o k._n william_n i._o this_o be_v one_o rex_fw-la autem_fw-la qui_fw-la est_fw-la vi_fw-la arius_fw-la summi_fw-la regis_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la constitutus_fw-la ut_fw-la regnum_fw-la terrenum_fw-la &_o populum_fw-la domini_fw-la &_o super_fw-la omne_fw-la sanctam_fw-la veneretur_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la injuriis_fw-la defendat_fw-la &_o mâ—leficos_fw-la ab_fw-la ea_fw-la evellat_fw-la &_o penitus_fw-la dispendat_fw-la quod_fw-la nisi_fw-la fecerit_fw-la nec_fw-la nomen_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o eo_fw-la 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of_o this_o necessity_n as_o certain_o he_o be_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o parliament_n it_o can_v never_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o first_o prince_n or_o his_o successor_n that_o first_o part_v with_o these_o privilege_n to_o the_o people_n ever_o intend_v to_o be_v so_o strait_o tie_v to_o they_o as_o that_o in_o no_o case_n whatever_o though_o never_o so_o press_v they_o shall_v not_o depart_v from_o they_o much_o less_o that_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o crown_n if_o he_o shall_v whole_o break_v they_o nay_o shall_v persist_v so_o to_o do_v and_o resolve_v to_o turn_v this_o limit_v into_o a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n since_o the_o observation_n of_o these_o law_n be_v but_o concession_n of_o his_o own_o or_o his_o predecessor_n can_v never_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o condition_n of_o his_o hold_v the_o crown_n nor_o of_o the_o subject_n allegiance_n to_o it_o there_o be_v as_o you_o yourself_o confess_v no_o such_o clause_n express_v in_o either_o part_n neither_o in_o the_o king_n coronation_n oath_n nor_o yet_o in_o their_o allegiance_n to_o he_o as_o you_o yourself_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a the_o king_n swear_v at_o his_o coronation_n to_o keep_v and_o maintain_v the_o law_n yet_o grotius_n tell_v we_o lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o that_o a_o empire_n do_v not_o cease_v to_o be_v absolute_a although_o he_o who_o be_v to_o rule_v promise_v some_o thing_n to_o god_n or_o to_o his_o subject_n even_o such_o which_o may_v appertain_v to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o that_o not_o only_o concern_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o natural_a or_o divine_a law_n but_o of_o certain_a rule_n to_o which_o without_o a_o promise_n he_o be_v not_o oblige_v so_o that_o in_o all_o promise_v of_o this_o kind_a the_o manner_n of_o the_o obligation_n be_v not_o reciprocal_a or_o of_o the_o same_o sort_n on_o both_o side_n as_o for_o example_n it_o be_v only_o moral_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o king_n and_o it_o be_v lefâ—_n 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mistake_n in_o you_o and_o dr._n brady_n to_o maintain_v that_o k._n william_n i._o be_v real_o a_o conqueror_n and_o by_o his_o sword_n without_o any_o other_o title_n obtain_v such_o a_o entire_a victory_n over_o k._n harold_n and_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n as_o give_v he_o a_o hereditary_a right_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n to_o the_o absolute_a allegiance_n of_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n without_o any_o reserve_n or_o condition_n whatever_o so_o that_o all_o our_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n be_v thereby_o lose_v and_o forfeit_v this_o nation_n can_v claim_v nothing_o of_o that_o kind_n but_o from_o the_o grant_v and_o concession_n of_o that_o king_n or_o his_o successor_n every_o one_o of_o which_o proposition_n contain_v so_o many_o notorious_a mistake_n in_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n king_n william_n never_o claim_v the_o crown_n by_o conquest_n but_o by_o the_o adoption_n and_o testament_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o 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auferre_fw-la and_o this_o donation_n he_o call_v a_o hereditary_a right_n in_o divers_a other_o charter_n as_o particular_o in_o one_o also_o record_v by_o inspeximinus_fw-la 211._o begin_v thus_o in_o nomine_fw-la patris_fw-la &_o filii_fw-la &_o spiritus_fw-la sancti_fw-la amâ—n_n ego_fw-la willielâ—us_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la haereditatio_fw-la jure_fw-la factus_fw-la so_o likewise_o his_o son_n k._n henry_n i._o in_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o abbot_n of_o ely_n create_v he_o a_o bishop_n call_v himself_o the_o son_n of_o william_n the_o great_a not_o the_o conqueror_n qui_fw-la edwardo_n regi_fw-la haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la successit_fw-la in_o regnum_fw-la and_o in_o virtue_n of_o this_o donation_n he_o be_v after_o his_o victory_n against_o harold_n by_o public_a and_o full_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n or_o people_n of_o england_n as_o also_o of_o the_o norman_n he_o bring_v with_o he_o elect_v and_o crown_v king_n and_o at_o his_o coronation_n take_v the_o 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his_o successor_n but_o if_o they_o will_v only_o insist_v upon_o their_o title_n by_o the_o sword_n without_o any_o precede_a or_o subsequent_a right_n they_o may_v be_v as_o lawful_o turn_v out_o again_o by_o the_o sword_n since_o it_o be_v own_a by_o all_o writer_n on_o this_o subject_a that_o a_o conqueror_n in_o a_o unjust_a war_n can_v obtain_v no_o right_n over_o a_o free_a people_n so_o much_o for_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o point_n of_o right_n in_o law_n i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o a_o simple_a oath_n or_o pact_n between_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n and_o his_o subject_n to_o do_v or_o perform_v such_o or_o such_o a_o thing_n or_o to_o let_v they_o enjoy_v such_o and_o such_o privilege_n do_v not_o immediate_o give_v the_o people_n a_o power_n to_o compel_v such_o a_o monarch_n and_o his_o successor_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o the_o strict_a observance_n of_o they_o in_o case_n of_o a_o violation_n on_o his_o part_n but_o our_o 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city_n or_o county_n in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n edward_n and_o also_o confirm_v the_o law_n of_o his_o father_n whereby_o his_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v free_a from_o all_o taillage_n or_o tax_n and_o he_o also_o thereby_o restore_v to_o they_o the_o law_n of_o k._n edward_n with_o those_o emendation_n which_o his_o father_n have_v make_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o his_o baron_n now_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o k._n john_n be_v but_o a_o addition_n or_o rather_o explanation_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o k._n henry_n i._n which_o be_v at_o first_o demand_v by_o the_o baron_n to_o be_v again_o confirm_v by_o this_o king_n at_o the_o instigation_n of_o stephen_n langton_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 241_o as_o mat._n paris_n show_v we_o at_o large_a now_o since_o neither_o k._n william_n the_o i._o nor_o his_o successor_n ever_o change_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n as_o to_o the_o legislative_a part_n of_o it_o as_o 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where_o argue_v against_o mr._n hobbs_n who_o will_v not_o allow_v of_o any_o compact_n between_o a_o absolute_a prince_n and_o his_o subject_n he_o have_v this_o passage_n which_o i_o shall_v here_o read_v to_o you_o in_o english_a that_o though_o in_o pact_n in_o which_o submission_n be_v want_v certain_a and_o define_v performance_n may_v be_v set_v forth_o to_o be_v observe_v on_o either_o side_n from_o a_o intrinsic_a impulse_n of_o conscience_n when_o either_o of_o these_o refuse_n to_o perform_v they_o nothing_o but_o war_n or_o the_o compulsion_n of_o a_o superior_a lord_n common_a to_o both_o of_o they_o remains_z yet_o in_o pact_n by_o which_o one_o party_n be_v make_v subject_n to_o the_o other_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o latter_a to_o define_v what_o ought_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o he_o as_o also_o a_o power_n over_o the_o other_o compel_v he_o to_o the_o performance_n whether_o he_o will_v or_o not_o which_o power_n do_v not_o belong_v reciprocal_o to_o the_o other_o 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â—ertuâ—_n of_o the_o contract_n to_o maintain_v the_o constitution_n as_o they_o find_v it_o or_o else_o resolve_v all_o their_o right_n into_o mere_a force_n and_o then_o vim_o vi_fw-la pellere_fw-la licitum_fw-la est_fw-la m._n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o you_o and_o i_o differ_v in_o our_o conclusion_n since_o we_o also_o differ_v so_o much_o in_o the_o premise_n and_o in_o the_o very_a matter_n of_o fact_n concern_v king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n you_o say_v he_o come_v to_o it_o partly_o by_o the_o sword_n but_o found_v on_o a_o donation_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o consent_n and_o election_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n yet_o you_o yourself_o can_v deny_v but_o force_n or_o conquest_n have_v a_o great_a share_n in_o the_o business_n and_o indeed_o be_v all_o the_o right_n he_o have_v for_o as_o for_o that_o donation_n of_o k._n edward_n it_o be_v either_o forge_v or_o else_o k._n william_n can_v claim_v 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no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o their_o acclamation_n and_o cry_v yea_o yea_o will_v make_v our_o king_n elective_a any_o more_o than_o it_o can_v do_v it_o in_o the_o case_n of_o k._n william_n who_o have_v a_o title_n by_o conquest_n precedent_n to_o this_o prâ—tended_a election_n though_o i_o grant_v this_o custom_n may_v have_v be_v in_o use_n ever_o fine_v this_o coronation_n of_o the_o conqueror_n but_o that_o king_n william_n claim_v indeed_o by_o conquest_n and_o by_o no_o other_o title_n let_v we_o not_o mind_v his_o specious_a colourable_a pretence_n but_o his_o action_n which_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o the_o thought_n of_o prince_n and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o through_o all_o his_o reign_n he_o govern_v this_o kingdom_n as_o a_o conqueror_n and_o this_o i_o shall_v prove_v by_o make_v good_a the_o three_o instance_n i_o have_v already_o give_v of_o his_o great_a alteration_n of_o the_o property_n law_n and_o civil_a liberty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o of_o these_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o gervace_n of_o tiâ—bury_n a_o considerable_a officer_n in_o the_o exchequer_n 33._o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o who_o receive_v his_o information_n from_o henry_n of_o bloâ—s_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o grandchild_n to_o the_o conqueror_n who_o be_v most_o full_a to_o that_o purpose_n which_o he_o thus_o deliver_v in_o the_o manuscript_n treatise_n call_v the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n which_o i_o shall_v read_v to_o you_o according_a to_o the_o learned_a dr._n b_n translation_n of_o it_o after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o just_a subversion_n of_o the_o rebel_n when_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o his_o great_a man_n have_v view_v and_o survey_v their_o new_a acquest_n there_o be_v a_o strict_a enquiry_n make_v who_o they_o be_v which_o have_v fight_v against_o the_o king_n and_o 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inform_v he_o how_o they_o be_v spoil_v of_o their_o fortune_n and_o that_o without_o redress_n they_o must_v be_v force_v to_o pass_v into_o other_o country_n at_o length_n upon_o consultation_n it_o be_v order_v that_o what_o they_o can_v obtain_v of_o their_o lord_n by_o way_n of_o desert_n or_o lawful_a bargain_n they_o shall_v hold_v by_o â—unqestionable_a right_n but_o shall_v not_o claim_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o time_n the_o nation_n be_v conquer_a under_o the_o title_n of_o succession_n or_o descent_n upon_o what_o great_a consideration_n this_o be_v do_v be_v manifest_a say_v gervacâ—_n for_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o compliance_n and_o obedience_n to_o purchase_v their_o lord_n â—avour_n therefore_o whoever_o of_o the_o conquer_a nation_n possess_v land_n etc._n etc._n obtain_v they_o not_o as_o if_o they_o be_v their_o right_n by_o succession_n or_o inheritance_n but_o as_o a_o reward_n of_o their_o service_n or_o by_o some_o intervening_a agreement_n this_o alone_o be_v sufficient_a come_v from_o a_o author_n of_o such_o credit_n and_o live_v so_o very_a near_o the_o time_n but_o beside_o he_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o divers_a other_o author_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o particular_o ordericus_n vitalis_n who_o you_o but_o now_o cite_v tell_v we_o how_o william_n the_o first_o circumvent_v the_o two_o great_a earl_n of_o moreâ—a_n and_o that_o after_o edwin_n be_v slay_v and_o morcar_n imprison_v than_o king_n william_n begin_v to_o show_v himself_o and_o give_v his_o assistant_n the_o best_a and_o most_o considerable_a county_n in_o england_n and_o make_v rich_a colonel_n and_o captain_n of_o very_o mean_a norman_n and_o that_o he_o thus_o dispose_v of_o whole_a county_n to_o divers_a great_a man_n appear_v by_o domesday_n book_n wherein_o it_o be_v see_v that_o the_o whole_a county_n of_o chester_n be_v give_v by_o the_o conqueror_n to_o â—upus_fw-la a_o norman_a so_o likewise_o the_o great_a part_n of_o shropshire_n be_v give_v to_o monâ—gomery_n and_o further_o he_o take_v away_o from_o the_o english_a their_o estate_n and_o give_v they_o to_o his_o norman_n and_o this_o he_o do_v from_o his_o first_o come_v in_o for_o fitz-osbern_n be_v make_v earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o hereford_n at_o his_o first_o come_v in_o and_o be_v lord_n of_o bettivil_a in_o normandy_n and_o establish_v the_o law_n of_o that_o town_n at_o hereford_n alan_n earl_n of_o bâ—itain_n have_v all_o earl_n edwin_n land_n give_v to_o he_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o york_n about_o three_o year_n after_o his_o arrival_n to_o these_o i_o may_v add_v the_o 795_o manor_n robert_n earl_n of_o morâ—ton_n in_o normandy_n and_o cornwall_n in_o england_n have_v give_v to_o he_o by_o k._n william_n so_o likewise_o â—lan_o earl_n of_o britain_n and_o richmond_n 442_o manor_n and_o jeffery_n bishop_n of_o constance_n have_v 280_o manner_n give_v he_o by_o the_o conqueror_n beside_o many_o other_o land_n of_o the_o saxon_a earl_n thain_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o give_v to_o the_o norman_n who_o take_v their_o title_n from_o king_n william_n conquer_a sword_n so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o evident_a that_o this_o king_n have_v distribute_v most_o of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o his_o norman_n long_o before_o the_o survey_n be_v begin_v and_o by_o that_o infallible_a record_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o he_o give_v near_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o his_o follower_n and_o very_o little_a or_o none_o to_o the_o english_a who_o hold_v that_o they_o have_v his_o new_a title_n and_o new_a service_n from_o the_o conqueror_n or_o his_o great_a lord_n or_o become_v tenant_n to_o or_o drudge_n upon_o their_o own_o land_n as_o we_o hear_v before_o from_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n here_o be_v enough_o to_o satisfy_v any_o unbiased_a person_n that_o thâ—_n conqueror_n do_v not_o lay_v by_o his_o sword_n after_o the_o battle_n of_o hastings_n f._n in_o answer_n to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v concern_v your_o conqueror_n take_v away_o the_o land_n of_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n it_o be_v so_o apparent_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o it_o be_v a_o high_a piece_n of_o impudence_n to_o go_v about_o to_o deny_v it_o yet_o will_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o what_o he_o thus_o dispose_v of_o be_v almost_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o i_o be_o a_o fair_a adversary_n i_o will_v at_o present_a suppose_n that_o k._n william_n take_v away_o all_o the_o land_n from_o the_o former_a owner_n and_o give_v they_o to_o his_o follower_n who_o help_v he_o in_o his_o conquest_n but_o these_o be_v not_o only_o the_o norman_n his_o subject_n but_o french_a fleming_n anjovins_n britain_n poictovins_n and_o people_n of_o other_o â—_z who_o make_v up_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n and_o come_v in_o with_o he_o under_o great_a and_o considerable_a man_n their_o leader_n and_o who_o your_o dr._n tell_v we_o come_v not_o out_o of_o staâ—k_a love_n and_o kindness_n 35._o without_o any_o consideration_n of_o share_v with_o and_o under_o he_o in_o the_o conquest_n now_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v by_o what_o law_n or_o act_n of_o they_o they_o thus_o constitute_v k._n william_n a_o absolute_a monarch_n over_o they_o and_o their_o descendant_n for_o as_o for_o the_o norman_n though_o they_o be_v its_o true_a his_o subject_n yet_o they_o enjoy_v divers_a considerable_a right_n and_o privilege_n at_o home_n and_o sure_o never_o intend_v to_o come_v over_o hither_o to_o make_v themselves_o as_o great_a slave_n as_o the_o people_n they_o have_v conquer_a much_o less_o can_v it_o be_v suppose_v of_o these_o of_o other_o nation_n who_o be_v not_o subject_n to_o duke_n william_n before_o
he_o be_v make_v king_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v how_o their_o take_n of_o land_n from_o he_o can_v make_v he_o become_v a_o absolute_a and_o irresistible_a monarch_n over_o they_o and_o their_o descendant_n so_o that_o if_o upon_o your_o supposition_n all_o the_o owner_n of_o land_n in_o england_n at_o this_o day_n hold_v their_o estate_n either_o by_o descent_n or_o purchase_n from_o those_o ancient_a norman_n or_o french_a proprietor_n they_o must_v also_o succeed_v to_o the_o same_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n as_o those_o under_o who_o they_o claim_v do_v former_o enjoy_v but_o before_o i_o conclude_v i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o you_o have_v say_v against_o my_o proof_n of_o the_o formal_a election_n of_o king_n william_n for_o if_o the_o keep_n of_o a_o guard_n about_o the_o place_n where_o the_o king_n be_v elect_v and_o crown_v shall_v void_a the_o freedom_n of_o the_o election_n i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o election_n of_o any_o elective_a king_n or_o monarch_n no_o not_o of_o the_o german_a emperor_n himself_o will_v hold_v good_n as_o for_o the_o other_o reason_n that_o they_o can_v not_o choose_v but_o â—lect_v he_o that_o be_v yet_o more_o trivial_a for_o there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o one_o thaâ—_n stand_v to_o be_v choose_v they_o can_v indeed_o choose_v no_o other_o but_o if_o not_o have_v a_o liberty_n to_o refuse_v must_v void_a the_o right_n of_o election_n pray_v consider_v as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o canonical_a election_n of_o bishop_n in_o the_o church_n of_o england_n at_o this_o day_n therefore_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o king_n william_n i._o be_v as_o lawful_o and_o free_o elect_v as_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n his_o predecessor_n who_o all_o author_n agree_v to_o have_v have_v no_o other_o title_n and_o williâ—lmus_n gemeticensis_n in_o the_o place_n i_o now_o cite_v tell_v we_o he_o be_v elect_v king_n as_o well_o of_o the_o norman_a as_o english_a noble_n and_o if_o the_o custom_n have_v not_o â—â—en_o â—â—cen_v to_o elâ—â—â—_n the_o king_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v it_o be_v not_o likely_a thaâ—_n your_o conqueror_n will_v have_v introduce_v a_o new_a custom_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o his_o pretend_a right_n by_o conquest_n but_o indeed_o there_o be_v not_o only_o more_o cogent_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o crown_n be_v former_o elective_a than_o â—he_v constant_a usage_n as_o you_o yourself_o confess_v ever_o since_o your_o preâ—ended_a conquest_n to_o this_o day_n of_o ask_v the_o people_n whether_o they_o be_v content_a to_o have_v such_o a_o one_o for_o their_o king_n as_o for_o your_o doctor_n quotation_n out_o of_o william_n of_o â—oictoâ—_n pray_v take_v notice_n that_o he_o place_v your_o conqueror_n hereditary_a bequest_n together_o with_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o english_a as_o his_o best_a title_n and_o the_o right_n of_o war_n last_o by_o which_o this_o author_n do_v not_o understand_v a_o conquest_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n but_o his_o prevail_a against_o harold_n m._n i_o do_v own_o with_o the_o learned_a dr._n b._n that_o the_o descendant_n of_o those_o ancient_a norman_a and_o freâ—â—h_a earl_n and_o baron_n than_o come_v in_o with_o the_o conqueror_n and_o their_o posterity_n afterward_o see_v the_o yoke_n of_o feudal_a tenor_n and_o other_o prerogative_n this_o king_n and_o his_o descendant_n exercise_v over_o they_o to_o press_v as_o hard_o upon_o they_o as_o the_o ancient_a english_a be_v those_o that_o make_v such_o a_o disturbance_n for_o their_o right_n and_o liberties_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o h._n john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v their_o ancestor_n be_v never_o conquer_v and_o consequent_o can_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o he_o as_o to_o a_o conqueror_n 〈◊〉_d may_v for_o all_o this_o maintain_v that_o they_o and_o their_o posterity_n be_v as_o much_o bind_v to_o a_o absolute_a subjection_n without_o any_o resistance_n aâ—_n the_o english_a who_o they_o 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to_o private_a church_n and_o if_o his_o noble_n or_o follower_n have_v unjust_o dissieâ—ed_v any_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n of_o their_o estate_n the_o king_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v restore_v again_o as_o appear_v by_o many_o precedent_n of_o this_o kind_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o ingulphus_n and_o eadmerus_n this_o be_v premise_v let_v we_o see_v in_o the_o next_o place_n what_o proportion_n the_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n do_v in_o those_o day_n bear_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n now_o we_o find_v in_o sprot_n chronicle_n as_o also_o from_o the_o old_a legierbook_n cite_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o particular_o from_o that_o secretum_fw-la abbotis_n former_o belong_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o glassenbury_n and_o now_o in_o the_o library_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxon_n that_o there_o be_v not_o long_o after_o your_o conquest_n 60215_o knight_n fee_n in_o england_n of_o which_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o 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church_n and_o monastery_n of_o all_o the_o plate_n money_n and_o jewel_n which_o he_o find_v in_o they_o even_o to_o the_o very_a chalaw_n and_o shrine_n as_o matthew_n paris_n and_o other_o author_n tell_v we_o he_o do_v in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n when_o likewise_o according_a as_o you_o yourself_o set_v forth_o he_o begin_v to_o show_v himself_o a_o conqueror_n or_o rather_o a_o tyrant_n in_o the_o take_n away_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o english_a without_o any_o just_a cause_n but_o however_o the_o author_n of_o that_o time_n do_v not_o make_v so_o great_a a_o tyrant_n of_o your_o conqueror_n as_o the_o doctor_n for_o william_n of_o poictou_n express_o tell_v we_o who_o be_v chaplain_n to_o this_o king_n 208._o concern_v his_o take_n away_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o english_a and_o give_v they_o to_o the_o norman_n that_o nulli_fw-la tamen_fw-la gallo_n datum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la anglo_n cviquam_fw-la injustè_fw-fr fuerit_fw-la ablatum_fw-la and_o ordoricus_n 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to_o be_v no_o better_o than_o mere_a mercenary_n which_o be_v express_o contrary_a to_o the_o authority_n of_o mat._n paris_n who_o your_o selâ—_n have_v cite_v in_o this_o point_n as_o also_o other_o author_n who_o have_v write_v of_o this_o matter_n for_o matthew_n have_v immediate_o before_o these_o word_n videns_fw-la igitur_fw-la rex_fw-la willielmus_fw-la omnes_fw-la penè_fw-la regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la unâ_fw-la rabie_fw-la conspiratos_fw-la anglos_n fortitudine_fw-la &_o probitate_fw-la ensign_fw-la faciles_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o tributorum_fw-la levamen_fw-la illis_fw-la venationes_fw-la hibarasque_fw-la promittendo_fw-la sibi_fw-la primò_fw-la devinxit_fw-la and_o almost_o make_v use_n of_o the_o very_a word_n that_o malmesbury_n have_v do_v before_o now_o i_o desire_v you_o or_o your_o dr._n will_v satisfy_v i_o how_o man_n who_o be_v remarkable_a for_o their_o valour_n and_o honesty_n and_o who_o be_v so_o considerable_a as_o to_o be_v send_v for_o by_o letter_n write_v 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throw_v out_o of_o they_o by_o powerful_a man_n afterward_o return_v to_o they_o receive_v their_o own_o and_o the_o very_a same_o tenement_n or_o possession_n to_o hold_v in_o villeinage_n by_o perform_v servile_a work_n but_o such_o as_o be_v certain_a and_o nominate_v to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v what_o mat._n paris_n say_v that_o king_n william_n give_v liberal_o to_o such_o as_o be_v with_o he_o in_o the_o battle_n of_o hastings_n when_o he_o conquer_a england_n and_o that_o little_a which_o be_v leave_v he_o put_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o perpetual_a servitude_n yet_o further_o as_o to_o this_o particular_a report_n of_o sharaborn_n there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o thing_n for_o his_o name_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v as_o any_o proprietor_n in_o norfolk_n in_o sharnborn_a in_o doomesday-book_n and_o the_o owner_n of_o sharnborn_a whiâ—h_o be_v there_o only_o to_o be_v find_v be_v william_n de_fw-fr warrenna_n from_o who_o this_o story_n say_v it_o be_v restore_v to_o edwin_n 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though_o they_o themselves_o remain_v free_a man_n but_o your_o dr._n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o be_v very_o much_o out_o in_o his_o application_n of_o those_o passage_n he_o cite_v for_o neither_o of_o those_o author_n do_v affirm_v this_o of_o all_o owner_n of_o land_n whatsoever_o but_o only_o there_o to_o give_v we_o the_o original_a of_o soccage_n tenant_n on_o the_o king_n demesne_n as_o appear_v by_o bracton_n title_n to_o that_o chapter_n from_o whence_o the_o dr._n cite_v this_o passage_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr diversis_fw-la conditionibus_fw-la personarum_fw-la tenentium_fw-la in_o dominicis_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o the_o first_o word_n of_o this_o chapter_n make_v it_o yet_o plain_o begin_v thus_o in_o dominico_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la plura_fw-la sunt_fw-la genera_fw-la hominum_fw-la sunt_fw-la enim_fw-la ibi_fw-la servi_fw-la sive_fw-la nativi_fw-la ante_fw-la conquestum_fw-la in_fw-la conquestu_fw-la &_o post_fw-la conquestum_fw-la and_o under_o 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r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o may_v be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o five_o six_z seven_o eight_o nine_o and_o ten_o dialogue_n 1694._o author_n make_v use_v of_o in_o this_o dialogue_n and_o how_o denote_v in_o the_o margin_n the_o history_n of_o the_o desertion_n h._n d._n the_o desertion_n discuss_v d._n d._n some_o observation_n upon_o the_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n o._n e._n i._n a_o discourse_n of_o the_o illegality_n of_o the_o late_a ecclesiastical_a commission_n i._n e._n c._n advertisement_n on_o tke_v first_o day_n of_o the_o next_o term_n will_v be_v publish_v the_o twelve_o and_o last_o dialogue_n and_o also_o a_o large_a index_n to_o the_o whole_a work_n the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n be_v almost_o arrive_v at_o the_o end_n of_o my_o intend_a design_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o let_v you_o know_v that_o i_o hope_v to_o have_v make_v this_o the_o last_o discourse_n that_o i_o shall_v have_v trouble_v the_o world_n with_o upon_o these_o subject_n but_o when_o i_o come_v to_o reduce_v my_o note_n into_o form_n i_o find_v that_o these_o few_o sheet_n will_v not_o contain_v all_o that_o can_v well_o be_v say_v on_o either_o side_n upon_o the_o forego_n question_n and_o therefore_o be_o force_v to_o refer_v what_o remain_v to_o be_v say_v concern_v the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n and_o their_o present_a majesty_n title_n thereunto_o till_o the_o next_o dialogue_n which_o i_o intend_v shall_v be_v the_o last_o and_o which_o i_o shall_v not_o have_v draw_v to_o that_o length_n have_v it_o not_o be_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o those_o gentleman_n and_o other_o who_o have_v not_o time_n or_o money_n to_o buy_v or_o peruse_v the_o vast_a
quantity_n of_o pamphlet_n that_o have_v be_v write_v upon_o these_o subject_n as_o also_o that_o such_o as_o have_v peruse_v they_o may_v find_v together_o in_o this_o and_o the_o follow_a discourse_n all_o that_o have_v be_v urge_v on_o the_o one_o side_n or_o other_o upon_o these_o important_a subject_n and_o since_o the_o great_a number_n of_o treatise_n of_o this_o kind_n have_v rather_o serve_v to_o confound_v than_o instruct_v ordinary_a reader_n i_o resolve_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n of_o very_a few_o of_o they_o only_o to_o take_v the_o chief_a and_o strong_a argument_n on_o either_o side_n and_o fair_o to_o represent_v they_o at_o once_o to_o the_o reader_n view_v who_o i_o hope_n have_v the_o discretion_n to_o judge_v which_o be_v best_a since_o i_o declare_v i_o write_v for_o no_o party_n but_o pure_o for_o truth_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v now_o and_o shall_v still_o endeavour_v to_o avoid_v all_o personal_a reflection_n in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o the_o ensue_a dialogue_n not_o only_o on_o their_o present_a majesty_n but_o also_o on_o king_n james_n since_o i_o remember_v he_o be_v a_o crown_a head_n and_o be_v still_o the_o father_n of_o our_o illustrious_a queen_n let_v his_o fail_n have_v be_v what_o they_o will_n but_o i_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v not_o be_v scandalize_v if_o i_o have_v so_o far_o follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o able_a divine_n as_o well_o as_o lawyer_n of_o this_o and_o other_o nation_n in_o make_v one_o of_o the_o party_n in_o this_o dialogue_n assert_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n we_o the_o only_a just_a and_o natural_a mean_n of_o confer_v a_o just_a right_n to_o civil_a power_n since_o the_o learned_a mr._n hooker_n in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o ecclesiastical_a policy_n lay_v it_o down_o as_o a_o principle_n 70._o that_o in_o every_o politic_a societyâ—â—â—t_n be_v impossible_a that_o any_o shall_v have_v complete_a lawful_a powâ—â—_n buâ—â—y_v the_o consent_n of_o man_n or_o the_o immediate_a appointment_n of_o god_n and_o chancellor_n fortescue_n in_o his_o discourse_n de_fw-fr laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la 12_o and_o 13._o chapter_n suppose_v all_o kingly_a â—ower_n as_o well_o what_o be_v absolute_a as_o that_o which_o be_v politic_a or_o limit_v by_o law_n to_o have_v proceed_v at_o first_o from_o the_o people_n consent_n not_o that_o the_o power_n itself_o be_v otherwise_o than_o from_o god_n only_o he_o have_v make_v use_n of_o the_o people_n as_o a_o instrument_n whereby_o to_o convey_v it_o and_o i_o hope_v none_o of_o those_o who_o be_v still_o for_o king_n james_n interest_n will_v be_v offend_v at_o this_o doctrine_n since_o those_o that_o have_v write_v with_o the_o great_a judgement_n for_o his_o absolute_a indefeasible_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n have_v place_v it_o in_o his_o legal_a right_n to_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o all_o must_v own_v can_v not_o have_v be_v make_v without_o the_o people_n consent_n i_o have_v but_o one_o thing_n more_o to_o desire_v of_o you_o which_o be_v your_o patience_n and_o attention_n if_o some_o of_o the_o speech_n in_o this_o dialogue_n be_v long_o than_o ordinary_a since_o they_o be_v upon_o subject_n that_o will_v not_o well_o bear_v interruption_n and_o to_o tell_v you_o far_o the_o press_n stay_v for_o the_o sheet_n i_o have_v not_o time_n to_o make_v they_o short_a the_o eleven_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n and_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n f._n dear_o sir_n you_o be_v welcome_a to_o town_n you_o have_v be_v absent_a a_o long_a time_n and_o indeed_o i_o wonder_v how_o you_o can_v stay_v away_o so_o long_o when_o such_o greaâ—_n thing_n as_o the_o king_n to_o have_v abdicate_v and_o place_v his_o son_n and_o daughter_n in_o the_o throne_n have_v be_v transact_v m._n i_o thank_v you_o kind_o sir_n but_o yet_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o i_o have_v be_v so_o little_o satisfy_v with_o what_o your_o convention_n have_v do_v in_o these_o matter_n that_o the_o very_a hear_n of_o it_o have_v be_v a_o great_a affliction_n to_o i_o and_o it_o will_v have_v certain_o be_v a_o much_o great_a have_v i_o be_v upon_o the_o place_n and_o see_v such_o horrid_a thing_n as_o the_o deposition_n of_o a_o king_n the_o disinherit_n of_o his_o right_a heir_n and_o the_o set_n up_o the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o orange_n who_o certain_o can_v have_v no_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o long_a 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n live_v nor_o yet_o after_o his_o death_n as_o long_o as_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n be_v in_o be_v f._n i_o confess_v these_o be_v very_o high_a charge_n if_o they_o will_v hold_v but_o if_o you_o please_v to_o consider_v the_o hypothesis_n i_o propose_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n that_o the_o king_n have_v by_o breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n make_v between_o his_o ancestor_n and_o predecessor_n and_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o observe_v the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n forfeit_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n all_o that_o have_v be_v do_v in_o this_o great_a affair_n i_o suppose_v may_v be_v very_o well_o maintain_v and_o justify_v from_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o of_o maintain_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n and_o therefore_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n how_o far_o i_o have_v proceed_v in_o the_o pâ—ooâ—_n of_o this_o assertion_n first_o i_o have_v make_v out_o that_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realâ—_n be_v not_o the_o sole_a supreme_a power_n thereof_o neither_o ever_o be_v so_o from_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o kingly_a government_n in_o this_o island_n second_o i_o have_v also_o prove_v that_o the_o king_n not_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n must_v hold_v that_o share_n thereof_o which_o he_o enjoy_v upon_o this_o imply_v or_o tacit_n condition_n that_o if_o he_o usurp_v what_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o he_o and_o the_o people_n do_v assert_v their_o right_n by_o oppose_v his_o unjust_a violence_n and_o usurpation_n and_o that_o he_o still_o obstinate_o persist_v in_o this_o violation_n he_o certain_o thereby_o lose_v and_o forfeit_v not_o only_o that_o part_n of_o the_o power_n which_o he_o so_o unjust_o usurp_v but_o also_o his_o own_o too_o and_o for_o this_o i_o give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o learned_a grotius_n at_o our_o last_o meet_v three_o i_o have_v also_o answer_v your_o main_a argument_n of_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n obtain_v by_o the_o sword_n and_o conquest_n of_o king_n harold_n a_o absolute_a right_n and_o unconditioned_a power_n foâ—_n himself_o and_o his_o successorâ—_n descend_v from_o he_o over_o the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n for_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o king_n william_n have_v no_o other_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n than_o by_o the_o testament_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o the_o eâ—ection_n and_o recognition_n of_o the_o people_n and_o this_o i_o have_v prove_v from_o the_o unexceptionable_a authority_n of_o the_o best_a historian_n of_o that_o time_n so_o that_o if_o he_o afterward_o act_v otherwise_o and_o contrary_a to_o his_o coronation_n oath_n it_o be_v not_o as_o a_o lawful_a king_n but_o as_o a_o tyrant_n and_o a_o usurper_n on_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n and_o can_v not_o by_o his_o own_o unjust_a act_n acquire_v any_o lawful_a power_n so_o to_o govern_v this_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o title_n king_n william_n or_o his_o successor_n can_v pretend_v to_o it_o must_v be_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o election_n of_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o saxon_a line_n from_o who_o all_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o henry_n y._n be_v descend_v and_o consequent_o aâ—e_v oblige_v to_o hold_v the_o crown_n under_o the_o same_o condition_n on_o which_o it_o be_v first_o confer_v and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o ever_o since_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n i._o the_o crown_n have_v be_v no_o long_o claim_v by_o election_n but_o by_o succession_n of_o he_o that_o real_o be_v or_o else_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n yet_o this_o different_a way_n of_o acquire_v the_o crown_n do_v not_o at_o all_o alter_v the_o condition_n or_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o sâ—â—e_z ouâ—_n king_n have_v always_o after_o that_o time_n as_o before_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o same_o or_o rather_o â—â—â—cter_n terâ—â—_n in_o their_o coronation_n oath_n to_o observe_v and_o keep_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o also_o that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o parliament_n make_v law_n raise_v tax_n and_o redress_v of_o grievance_n arise_v 〈◊〉_d the_o unjust_a exercise_n and_o illegal_a encroachment_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n have_v be_v exert_v
ever_o since_o the_o crown_n become_v elective_a as_o much_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v before_o last_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o king_n james_n have_v violate_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o several_a instance_n i_o have_v already_o give_v and_o be_o also_o ready_a far_a to_o make_v it_o out_o if_o you_o require_v it_o so_o that_o this_o be_v the_o case_n i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a why_o the_o crown_n or_o legal_a authority_n shall_v not_o become_v forfeit_v to_o the_o people_n who_o at_o first_o confer_v this_o power_n on_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v do_v your_o endeavour_n to_o prove_v those_o assertion_n you_o have_v now_o lay_v down_o but_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v that_o you_o true_o have_v do_v it_o but_o however_o not_o to_o run_v into_o unneccessary_a dispute_n and_o repetition_n of_o what_o have_v be_v already_o argue_v and_o which_o i_o see_v you_o be_v too_o obstinate_a to_o recede_v from_o i_o shall_v now_o only_o oppose_v what_o you_o last_o assert_v concern_v the_o crown_n be_v be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o people_n upon_o the_o king_n be_v pretend_a breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n for_o beside_o the_o absurdity_n of_o make_v the_o crown_n forfeitable_a to_o the_o people_n who_o be_v and_o ever_o be_v subject_n and_o not_o prince_n or_o governor_n whereas_o all_o forfeiture_n still_o suppose_v a_o right_n in_o the_o person_n who_o be_v to_o take_v it_o as_o superior_a to_o the_o party_n forfeit_v there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a error_n and_o mistake_n in_o your_o suppose_v all_o civil_a and_o legal_a power_n to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o people_n and_o by_o they_o confer_v upon_o their_o king_n or_o governor_n whereas_o the_o scripture_n plain_o affirm_v and_o all_o divine_n so_o interpret_v they_o that_o all_o civil_a power_n and_o authority_n be_v whole_o from_o god_n and_o not_o from_o the_o people_n who_o even_o in_o elective_a kingdom_n though_o they_o may_v name_v and_o design_n the_o person_n who_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v their_o king_n yet_o be_v the_o power_n whole_o from_o god_n who_o alone_o have_v right_a to_o govern_v mankind_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o people_n do_v not_o confer_v the_o power_n so_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v forfeitable_a to_o they_o from_o who_o it_o be_v never_o derive_v and_o so_o much_o i_o tell_v you_o at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o our_o last_o meeting_n though_o i_o have_v not_o then_o time_n full_o to_o urge_v this_o argument_n as_o now_o i_o have_v and_o this_o will_v press_v the_o more_o upon_o you_o because_o you_o yourself_o have_v already_o grant_v at_o several_a meeting_n that_o all_o civil_a and_o regal_a power_n be_v derive_v from_o god_n and_o not_o from_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o your_o notion_n of_o a_o prince_n or_o monarch_n forfeit_v to_o they_o be_v whole_o false_a and_o precarious_a f._n if_o this_o be_v all_o that_o you_o have_v to_o object_v against_o our_o assertion_n of_o the_o king_n be_v forfeit_v his_o royal_a authority_n to_o the_o people_n i_o think_v i_o can_v easy_o answer_v those_o objection_n for_o as_o to_o the_o first_o absurdity_n which_o you_o lay_v to_o our_o charge_n how_o a_o authority_n can_v be_v forfeit_v by_o a_o king_n or_o superior_a to_o his_o subject_n or_o vassal_n the_o absurdity_n lie_v on_o your_o side_n for_o i_o do_v not_o suppose_v this_o forfeiture_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o people_n as_o subject_n but_o to_o they_o consider_v as_o a_o community_n of_o master_n of_o family_n and_o freeman_n who_o as_o the_o descendant_n and_o representative_n of_o those_o who_o make_v the_o first_o king_n upon_o a_o certain_a contract_n or_o condition_n upon_o the_o non-performance_n of_o this_o original_a contract_n do_v thereupon_o cease_v to_o be_v subject_n as_o a_o servant_n cease_v to_o be_v so_o and_o become_v again_o svi_fw-la furis_fw-la upon_o his_o master_n non-performance_n of_o the_o bargain_n make_v between_o they_o and_o so_o this_o authority_n thus_o forfeit_v return_v to_o the_o community_n of_o master_n of_o family_n and_o freeman_n who_o once_o confer_v it_o upon_o the_o first_o king_n nor_o need_v this_o forfeiture_n any_o more_o suppose_v a_o superiority_n in_o the_o person_n who_o be_v to_o take_v it_o over_o the_o prince_n that_o commit_v it_o than_o when_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n tenant_n for_o life_n alien_n in_o fee_n he_o in_o reversion_n may_v immediate_o enter_v upon_o the_o estate_n as_o forfeit_v to_o he_o 251._o though_o the_o person_n that_o hold_v it_o be_v perhaps_o his_o own_o father_n m._n but_o be_v not_o this_o then_o to_o recede_v from_o your_o former_a concession_n whereby_o you_o grant_v that_o civil_a authority_n be_v derive_v from_o god_n and_o not_o from_o the_o people_n at_o all_o whereas_o you_o now_o suppose_v they_o the_o only_a original_a or_o fountain_n of_o civil_a authority_n and_o from_o they_o to_o be_v derive_v to_o all_o prince_n and_o monarch_n f._n this_o difficulty_n whole_o proceed_v from_o your_o not_o right_o understand_v the_o manner_n of_o god_n confer_v civil_a power_n or_o authority_n upon_o those_o that_o exercise_v it_o for_o the_o better_a clear_n of_o which_o difficulty_n pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o two_o or_o three_o question_n first_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o you_o be_v still_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o monarchy_n be_v so_o much_o of_o divine_a institution_n as_o that_o no_o government_n but_o that_o may_v be_v lawful_o institute_v by_o man_n m._n i_o will_v not_o now_o affirm_v that_o monarchy_n be_v of_o divine_a right_n but_o this_o much_o i_o may_v safe_o over_o by_o what_o we_o can_v find_v in_o scripture_n that_o god_n institute_v no_o sort_n of_o government_n but_o that_o and_o he_o do_v not_o make_v saul_n or_o david_n to_o be_v only_o like_o those_o equivocal_a king_n who_o may_v be_v deposable_a at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o estate_n but_o confer_v part_n of_o his_o own_o divine_a power_n upon_o they_o without_o any_o condition_n or_o limitation_n whatsoever_o but_o as_o for_o those_o government_n call_v commonwealth_n though_o without_o doubt_n they_o be_v not_o of_o divine_a institution_n yet_o certain_o the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n which_o they_o exercise_v be_v whole_o from_o god_n since_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v a_o man_n not_o have_v power_n over_o his_o own_o life_n can_v confer_v that_o upon_o another_o which_o he_o have_v not_o in_o himself_o f._n well_o i_o be_o glad_a we_o be_v so_o far_o agree_v that_o commonwealth_n be_v endue_v with_o real_a authority_n or_o majesty_n as_o well_o as_o monarch_n and_o that_o from_o no_o less_o author_n than_o from_o god_n himself_o so_o that_o whatever_o you_o have_v say_v concern_v god_n institution_n of_o no_o other_o government_n than_o monarchy_n be_v either_o not_o true_a or_o not_o to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o thiâ—d_o meeting_n that_o the_o first_o government_n god_n institute_v among_o the_o jew_n be_v a_o aristocracy_n under_o moses_n joshua_n and_o the_o judge_n reserve_v the_o kingly_a power_n over_o they_o to_o himself_o and_o though_o it_o be_v likewise_o true_a that_o god_n divest_v himself_o of_o great_a part_n of_o this_o kingly_a power_n when_o he_o anoint_v saul_n king_n yet_o god_n institution_n of_o monarchy_n among_o the_o jew_n do_v not_o render_v it_o unlawful_a for_o other_o nation_n to_o institute_v such_o other_o sort_n of_o government_n as_o may_v best_o suit_v with_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o public_a good_a and_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a community_n but_o as_o for_o your_o argument_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o all_o civil_a power_n be_v derive_v from_o god_n because_o otherwise_o they_o can_v not_o be_v endue_v with_o the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o 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church_n of_o england_n with_o the_o college_n in_o their_o just_a right_n and_o also_o restore_v the_o whole_a nation_n to_o the_o just_a execution_n of_o the_o law_n by_o a_o free_a parliament_n and_o privilege_n now_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n have_v to_o do_v either_o as_o a_o neighbour_n or_o a_o son-in-law_n to_o concern_v himself_o with_o the_o misgovernment_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o england_n much_o less_o to_o countenance_n and_o take_v the_o part_n of_o those_o many_o male_a content_n and_o traitor_n who_o have_v ever_o since_o the_o duke_n of_o manmouth_n rebellion_n go_v over_o into_o holland_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o can_v find_v but_o one_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v so_o much_o as_o a_o pretence_n of_o make_v war_n about_o if_o it_o have_v be_v real_a viz._n the_o pretend_a suppoâ—â—â—tioâ—s_n birth_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o yet_o even_o for_o this_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v make_v war_n 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this_o war_n have_v be_v make_v in_o their_o own_o name_n it_o have_v be_v but_o a_o just_a return_n for_o what_o have_v be_v do_v to_o they_o before_o by_o the_o late_a king_n who_o make_v actual_a war_n upon_o they_o without_o ever_o give_v they_o the_o least_o notice_n or_o demand_v satisfaction_n for_o any_o wrong_n or_o damage_n receive_v and_o this_o be_v the_o more_o justifiable_a because_o his_o present_a majesty_n when_o duke_n of_o york_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o have_v a_o very_a great_a hand_n in_o those_o council_n which_o begin_v that_o unhappy_a war_n in_o which_o he_o himself_o serve_v as_o admiral_n but_o as_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n there_o be_v much_o more_o to_o be_v say_v in_o his_o justification_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n though_o in_o some_o respect_n he_o be_v a_o subject_a by_o live_v under_o and_o enjoy_v divers_a land_n and_o territory_n and_o command_v within_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n yet_o as_o he_o be_v prince_n of_o 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under_o be_v very_o evident_a since_o it_o have_v always_o be_v hold_v lawful_a for_o prince_n to_o take_v the_o part_n and_o espouse_v the_o interest_n of_o those_o of_o the_o same_o religion_n with_o themselves_o though_o subject_n to_o another_o prince_n thus_o eusibius_n make_v it_o a_o good_a cause_n of_o war_n by_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n against_o licinius_n because_o he_o persecute_v the_o christian_n live_v under_o his_o dominion_n so_o likewise_o of_o late_a age_n queen_n elizabeth_n assist_v the_o dutch_a protestant_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n and_o those_o of_o france_n against_o the_o persecution_n and_o oppression_n they_o suffer_v from_o their_o own_o prince_n as_o to_o the_o french_a protestant_n king_n charles_n the_o i._o send_v a_o fleet_n and_o a_o army_n to_o their_o assistance_n in_o 1627._o but_o as_o to_o the_o next_o head_n the_o oppression_n we_o lie_v under_o in_o respect_n of_o our_o civil_a liberty_n the_o prince_n have_v as_o great_a or_o 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the_o former_a since_o if_o this_o kingdom_n shall_v once_o become_v of_o the_o popish_a religion_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o stand_a army_n and_o those_o other_o method_n that_o have_v be_v take_v to_o make_v it_o so_o grant_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n to_o be_v true_o bear_v of_o the_o queen_n yet_o shall_v he_o happen_v to_o die_v the_o popish_a faction_n here_o in_o england_n will_v in_o all_o likelihood_n debar_v the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o orange_n from_o their_o lawful_a succession_n to_o the_o crown_n or_o at_o least_o will_v never_o admit_v they_o but_o upon_o condition_n of_o establish_v of_o popery_n and_o arbitrary_a government_n in_o england_n the_o former_a of_o which_o be_v as_o contrary_a to_o their_o conscience_n as_o the_o latter_a be_v to_o their_o principle_n and_o inclination_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n be_v not_o the_o queen_n true_a son_n he_o have_v certain_o a_o much_o great_a interest_n as_o the_o presumptive_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n to_o demand_v satisfaction_n in_o that_o great_a point_n which_o so_o near_o concern_v their_o right_n of_o succession_n for_o then_o certain_o they_o may_v just_o demand_v satisfaction_n especial_o when_o they_o desire_v no_o more_o but_o to_o have_v this_o business_n leave_v to_o the_o inspection_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o only_a proper_a judge_n of_o the_o same_o for_o as_o to_o the_o privy_a council_n who_o by_o the_o king_n command_n though_o without_o any_o precedent_n have_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o hear_v and_o determine_v this_o matter_n their_o highness_n certain_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o be_v satisfy_v with_o it_o since_o beside_o the_o incompetency_n of_o the_o judge_n the_o king_n himself_o appear_v too_o partial_a and_o interest_v in_o the_o affair_n for_o they_o to_o set_v down_o by_o
but_o it_o be_v very_o strange_a to_o i_o that_o none_o of_o they_o depose_v any_o thing_n concern_v their_o see_v any_o milk_n come_v from_o her_o majesty_n breast_n after_o she_o be_v deliver_v and_o perhaps_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n for_o it_o for_o i_o have_v have_v it_o from_o good_a hand_n that_o she_o have_v none_o afterward_o whatever_o she_o have_v before_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o deserve_v to_o be_v inquire_v into_o since_o it_o be_v very_o rare_a but_o as_o for_o the_o midwife_n her_o deposition_n be_v equivocal_a that_o she_o take_v a_o child_n from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o queen_n she_o be_v also_o a_o papist_n and_o consequent_o a_o suspect_a witness_n in_o this_o cause_n whereas_o all_o this_o may_v have_v be_v prevent_v have_v the_o queen_n be_v she_o real_o with_o child_n be_v persuade_v to_o be_v deliver_v not_o within_o the_o bed_n but_o upon_o a_o pallate_n where_o all_o the_o person_n who_o business_n and_o concern_v it_o be_v to_o be_v present_a may_v have_v see_v the_o child_n actual_o bear_v nor_o need_v there_o to_o have_v any_o man_n be_v by_o though_o i_o have_v hear_v that_o the_o late_a queen_n of_o france_n be_v deliver_v of_o the_o present_a king_n the_o dake_n of_o orleans_n not_o be_v only_o present_a in_o the_o room_n but_o a_o eye-witness_n of_o the_o birth_n and_o so_o sure_o if_o somewhat_o of_o this_o nature_n have_v be_v do_v it_o may_v have_v save_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o dispute_n and_o bloodshed_n which_o have_v already_o or_o may_v hereafter_o happen_v about_o it_o and_o therefore_o i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o wonder_n that_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n shall_v not_o take_v this_o partial_a evidence_n that_o have_v be_v give_v for_o sufficient_a satisfaction_n so_o that_o whether_o this_o birth_n of_o the_o queen_n be_v real_a or_o not_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o far_o dispute_n it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o if_o his_o highness_n and_o his_o princess_n have_v just_a and_o reasonable_a suspicion_n of_o a_o 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it_o alone_o as_o know_v very_o well_o there_o be_v nothing_o material_a can_v be_v bring_v in_o evidence_n against_o he_o but_o i_o shall_v defer_v speak_v further_o to_o this_o head_n till_o i_o come_v to_o consider_v of_o the_o convention_n settle_v the_o crown_n upon_o the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o orange_n but_o before_o i_o come_v to_o this_o i_o have_v many_o thing_n further_a to_o observe_v upon_o the_o prince_n harsh_a and_o unjust_a proceed_n with_o his_o majesty_n and_o refuse_v all_o term_n of_o accommodation_n with_o he_o upon_o his_o last_o return_n to_o london_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o i_o must_v appeal_v to_o yourself_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v like_o a_o nephew_n and_o a_o son-in-law_n after_o the_o king_n be_v voluntary_o return_v to_o white_a hall_n at_o the_o persuasion_n of_o those_o lord_n who_o go_v down_o to_o attend_v he_o at_o feversham_n when_o he_o have_v have_v scarce_o time_n to_o rest_v he_o after_o his_o journey_n and_o the_o many_o hardship_n he_o have_v endure_v since_o his_o be_v seize_v in_o that_o port_n and_o when_o he_o have_v but_o new_o send_v my_o lord_n feversham_n with_o a_o kind_a message_n and_o compliment_n to_o the_o prince_n invite_v he_o to_o st._n james_n together_o with_o some_o overture_n of_o reconciliation_n as_o i_o be_o inform_v the_o prince_n shall_v make_v no_o better_o a_o return_n to_o all_o this_o kindness_n than_o to_o clap_v up_o the_o messenger_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o his_o majesty_n observe_v in_o his_o late_a paper_n i_o now_o mention_v and_o shall_v without_o any_o notice_n give_v to_o the_o king_n of_o it_o order_z his_o man_n to_o march_v and_o displace_v his_o majesty_n guard_n to_o seize_v upon_o all_o the_o post_n about_o white-hall_n whereby_o his_o majesty_n person_n become_v whole_o in_o his_o power_n and_o not_o content_a with_o this_o he_o likewise_o dispatch_v three_o lord_n who_o name_n i_o need_v not_o mention_v to_o carry_v the_o king_n a_o very_a rude_a and_o undutiful_a message_n desire_v he_o no_o less_o than_o to_o depart_v the_o next_o morning_n from_o his_o palace_n to_o a_o private_a house_n in_o the_o country_n altogether_o unfit_a for_o the_o reception_n of_o his_o majesty_n and_o those_o guard_n and_o attendance_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o security_n nor_o will_v these_o lord_n stay_v till_o the_o morning_n but_o disturb_v his_o rest_n deliver_v their_o message_n at_o twelve_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n nor_o do_v they_o give_v he_o any_o long_a time_n than_o till_o the_o next_o morning_n to_o prepare_v himself_o to_o be_v go_v and_o then_o the_o king_n be_v carry_v away_o to_o rochester_n under_o the_o conduct_n not_o of_o his_o own_o but_o of_o the_o prince_n dutch_a guard_n in_o who_o custody_n his_o majesty_n continue_v for_o those_o few_o day_n he_o think_v fit_a to_o stay_v there_o till_o his_o departure_n from_o thence_o in_o order_n to_o his_o passage_n into_o france_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o prince_n have_v render_v the_o breach_n irreconcilable_a between_o his_o majesty_n and_o himself_o for_o whereas_o if_o he_o have_v come_v to_o st._n james_n in_o pursuance_n of_o the_o king_n invitation_n and_o have_v renew_v the_o treaty_n which_o be_v unhappy_o break_v off_o by_o the_o king_n first_o go_v away_o there_o may_v have_v be_v in_o great_a probability_n a_o happy_a and_o last_a reconciliation_n make_v between_o they_o upon_o such_o term_n as_o may_v have_v be_v a_o sufficient_a security_n for_o the_o church_n of_o england_n as_o also_o for_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a which_o you_o so_o earnest_o contend_v for_o whereas_o by_o the_o convention_n declare_v the_o throne_n vacant_a and_o place_v the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o orange_n therein_o they_o have_v entail_v a_o last_a war_n not_o only_o upon_o we_o but_o our_o posterity_n as_o long_o as_o his_o majesty_n live_v and_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o his_o issue_n if_o he_o live_v to_o have_v any_o be_v in_o be_v f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v make_v a_o very_a tragical_a relation_n of_o this_o affair_n and_o any_o one_o that_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o ground_n of_o it_o will_v believe_v that_o king_n james_n be_v quiet_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n refuse_v all_o term_n of_o reconciliation_n have_v seize_v upon_o his_o palace_n and_o carry_v he_o away_o captive_a into_o a_o prison_n whereas_o indeed_o there_o be_v nothing_o transact_v in_o all_o this_o affair_n which_o may_v not_o be_v justify_v by_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o honour_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o the_o do_v of_o which_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o look_v back_o and_o consider_v the_o state_n of_o affair_n immediate_o after_o the_o king_n leave_v salisbury_n and_o come_v to_o whitehall_n where_o one_o of_o the_o first_o thing_n he_o do_v after_o he_o be_v arrive_v be_v to_o issue_v out_o a_o proclamation_n for_o the_o call_n a_o new_a parliament_n which_o be_v so_o receive_v with_o great_a satisfaction_n by_o the_o whole_a nation_n and_o immediate_o upon_o this_o the_o king_n send_v the_o lord_n hallifax_v nottingham_n and_o godolphin_n to_o treat_v with_o his_o highness_n upon_o those_o proposal_n of_o peace_n which_o he_o then_o send_v by_o they_o and_o to_o which_o the_o prince_n return_v his_o answer_n the_o head_n of_o which_o be_v very_o reasonable_a without_o demand_v any_o other_o security_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o army_n than_o the_o put_n of_o the_o tower_n and_o fort_n about_o london_n into_o the_o custody_n of_o that_o city_n now_o pray_v observe_v the_o issue_n of_o all_o those_o fair_a hope_n before_o ever_o the_o term_n propose_v by_o the_o prince_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o town_n the_o king_n follow_v the_o ill_a advice_n of_o the_o
popish_a faction_n instead_o of_o suffer_v the_o election_n for_o parliament-man_n to_o proceed_v as_o he_o have_v promise_v and_o as_o be_v hope_v for_o by_o we_o all_o on_o a_o sudden_a he_o order_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o writ_n for_o election_n that_o be_v not_o send_v down_o to_o be_v burn_v and_o a_o caveat_n to_o be_v enter_v against_o the_o make_n use_n of_o those_o that_o be_v send_v already_o into_o the_o country_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o send_v order_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o feversham_n to_o disband_v the_o army_n and_o dismiss_v all_o the_o soldier_n with_o their_o arms._n but_o i_o have_v forget_v to_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n that_o just_a before_o this_o the_o king_n have_v send_v away_o the_o queen_n with_o the_o prince_n into_o france_n and_o that_o she_o carry_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n along_o with_o she_o whereby_o it_o be_v plain_a the_o king_n intend_v to_o put_v it_o whole_o out_o of_o his_o power_n to_o issue_v out_o any_o writ_n or_o pass_v any_o public_a act_n wherein_o the_o great_a seal_n shall_v be_v use_v and_o that_o this_o seal_n be_v carry_v away_o appear_v by_o its_o being_n not_o long_o since_o draw_v up_o out_o of_o the_o thames_n by_o a_o fisherman_n net_n near_o lambeth_n bridge_n where_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v throw_v in_o by_o the_o queen_n or_o some_o of_o her_o attendance_n in_o her_o passage_n over_o the_o water_n and_o far_o that_o the_o king_n be_v resolve_v whole_o to_o quit_v the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n at_o least_o for_o the_o present_a appear_v by_o his_o so_o speedy_a follow_v of_o the_o queen_n within_o three_o day_n after_o steal_v from_o his_o palace_n by_o night_n in_o a_o boat_n to_o gravesend_n and_o from_o thence_o in_o a_o small_a vessel_n to_o feversham_n where_o how_o he_o be_v seize_v by_o the_o mob_n of_o that_o town_n and_o afterward_o return_v to_o london_n as_o you_o have_v set_v forth_o i_o need_v take_v no_o further_a notice_n now_o this_o be_v a_o true_a and_o fair_a narrative_a of_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o shall_v only_o offer_v two_o or_o three_o question_n to_o your_o consideration_n and_o desire_v you_o will_v give_v i_o a_o fair_a and_o satisfactory_a answer_n to_o they_o first_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o the_o king_n fault_n that_o it_o be_v render_v impossible_a for_o parliament-man_n to_o be_v elect_v by_o burn_v of_o the_o writ_n and_o send_v away_o the_o great_a seal_n second_o whether_o the_o king_n by_o first_o steal_v away_o do_v not_o plain_o confess_v himself_o conquer_v by_o the_o prince_n and_o do_v thereby_o abdicate_v the_o government_n also_o by_o his_o obstinate_a refusal_n to_o redress_v the_o grievance_n of_o the_o nation_n have_v forfeit_v his_o crown_n and_o all_o allegiance_n from_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v not_o after_o this_o to_o be_v own_a as_o king_n of_o england_n either_o by_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n or_o any_o body_n else_o and_o therefore_o whatever_o treatment_n he_o after_o this_o receive_v from_o the_o prince_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o do_v to_o a_o lawful_a king_n but_o a_o conquer_a prince_n and_o his_o highness_n may_v not_o only_o just_o refuse_v to_o treat_v with_o he_o any_o more_o as_o a_o crown_a head_n but_o may_v also_o have_v justify_v not_o only_o the_o take_v he_o prisoner_n but_o send_v he_o into_o holland_n if_o he_o have_v please_v but_o instead_o of_o this_o the_o prince_n only_o desire_v his_o removal_n out_o of_o town_n from_o that_o conflux_n of_o papist_n that_o flock_v to_o he_o and_o by_o secure_v his_o person_n to_o put_v it_o out_o of_o their_o power_n to_o play_v a_o aftergame_n and_o rally_v the_o late_a disband_v army_n of_o who_o there_o be_v at_o least_o twenty_o thousand_o of_o the_o scotch_a irish_a and_o english_a who_o will_v have_v stand_v by_o the_o king_n till_o the_o last_o and_o therefore_o the_o english_a as_o well_o as_o the_o dutch_a counsel_n about_o the_o prince_n do_v not_o 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since_o according_a to_o your_o doctrine_n the_o bare_a endeavour_v it_o will_v be_v nothing_o and_o after_o he_o have_v once_o bring_v it_o to_o pass_v it_o will_v be_v then_o too_o late_o to_o retrieve_v it_o but_o that_o the_o king_n do_v real_o endeavour_v thus_o to_o subvert_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n appear_v not_o only_o by_o his_o closeting_n and_o threaten_a member_n to_o turn_v they_o out_o of_o their_o place_n if_o they_o will_v not_o submit_v to_o his_o will_n in_o take_v off_o the_o penal_a law_n about_o religion_n whereby_o all_o freedom_n of_o vote_v will_v have_v be_v quite_o take_v away_o but_o when_o the_o king_n see_v this_o will_v not_o do_v he_o then_o fall_v a_o new_a model_n of_o corporation_n and_o by_o bring_v quo_n warranto_n against_o their_o charter_n to_o get_v it_o into_o his_o own_o power_n to_o nominate_v or_o approve_v of_o all_o mayor_n alderman_n and_o common_a council_n man_n who_o in_o those_o corporation_n have_v the_o sole_a election_n 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histoâ—ians_n since_o your_o conquest_n begin_v with_o inguâ—â—_n and_o eadmerus_n end_v with_o thom._n walsingham_n but_o as_o for_o your_o exception_n against_o his_o violate_v of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n be_v yet_o more_o trivial_a for_o you_o can_v deny_v that_o there_o be_v such_o thing_n and_o if_o so_o sure_o a_o king_n may_v violate_v they_o if_o he_o please_v and_o therefore_o your_o excuse_n for_o the_o king_n breach_n of_o they_o because_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v together_o in_o any_o one_o place_n but_o be_v to_o be_v pick_v up_o here_o and_o there_o from_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o other_o statute_n make_v nothing_o against_o the_o validity_n or_o the_o possibility_n of_o his_o know_v they_o for_o as_o before_o they_o be_v reduce_v to_o write_v by_o those_o statute_n which_o only_o declare_v and_o confirm_v the_o ancient_a common_a law_n and_o liberty_n of_o england_n they_o exist_v as_o i_o say_v but_o now_o in_o the_o head_n and_o heart_n of_o the_o king_n and_o people_n so_o when_o divers_a king_n of_o england_n by_o their_o tyrannical_a and_o illegal_a practice_n have_v make_v divers_a violation_n of_o these_o fundamental_a right_n and_o privilege_n there_o then_o grow_v a_o necessity_n of_o new_a grant_n and_o confirm_v those_o liberty_n and_o consequent_o of_o reduce_v they_o into_o write_v which_o there_o be_v not_o before_o and_o that_o be_v the_o true_a reason_n why_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o other_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o iii_o ed._n the_o i._o and_o divers_a other_o of_o their_o successor_n be_v make_v either_o for_o their_o explanation_n or_o ratification_n according_a as_o occasion_v require_v and_o as_o several_a prince_n have_v more_o or_o less_o violate_v these_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o government_n for_o before_o they_o have_v so_o do_v there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o the_o parliament_n make_v or_o declare_v any_o law_n about_o it_o but_o if_o the_o king_n will_v have_v but_o read_v and_o consider_v the_o article_n exhibit_v in_o parliament_n against_o edward_n and_o richard_n the_o ii_o he_o may_v easy_o have_v see_v the_o law_n altogether_o that_o will_v make_v a_o prince_n to_o be_v declare_v by_o his_o subject_n to_o have_v forfeit_v his_o crown_n but_o that_o king_n james_n have_v before_o his_o desertion_n endeavour_v to_o extirpate_v the_o protestant_a religion_n the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n appear_v by_o those_o several_a article_n the_o convention_n have_v give_v we_o in_o their_o late_a declaration_n which_o they_o present_v to_o king_n william_n upon_o their_o declare_v he_o and_o his_o princess_n k._n and_o queen_n of_o england_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v refer_v you_o since_o it_o be_v common_o to_o be_v have_v you_o know_v it_o consist_v in_o the_o recital_n of_o divers_a thing_n the_o violation_n of_o which_o have_v be_v always_o count_v in_o all_o king_n reign_v a_o breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o last_o clause_n save_o one_o you_o except_v against_o viz._n that_o have_v withdraw_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n now_o your_o main_a argument_n against_o it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n desertion_n of_o the_o government_n be_v only_o for_o fear_n of_o his_o life_n or_o of_o be_v depose_v from_o his_o royal_a dignity_n can_v not_o by_o his_o go_v away_o be_v say_v to_o abdicate_v or_o renounce_v the_o crown_n since_o he_o go_v away_o with_o a_o intention_n to_o return_v and_o repossess_v it_o as_o soon_o as_o with_o safety_n he_o may_v to_o which_o before_o i_o make_v any_o answer_n i_o must_v free_o own_v that_o be_v this_o the_o case_n as_o you_o have_v put_v it_o i_o think_v there_o will_v be_v no_o great_a dispute_n in_o it_o since_o i_o grant_v that_o a_o king_n who_o be_v thus_o force_v to_o fly_v for_o fear_n of_o his_o life_n ought_v not_o to_o have_v any_o such_o injustice_n put_v upon_o he_o but_o if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v it_o the_o case_n be_v quite_o otherwise_o for_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o when_o king_n james_n i._o go_v away_o he_o have_v then_o a_o army_n about_o he_o be_v free_a and_o in_o his_o own_o palace_n and_o be_v at_o that_o time_n in_o actual_a treaty_n with_o the_o prince_n nor_o have_v london_n nor_o any_o considerable_a strong_a place_n in_o england_n then_o surrender_v itself_o to_o the_o prince_n so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o necessity_n for_o his_o departure_n but_o what_o he_o have_v bring_v upon_o himself_o by_o his_o refuse_v to_o call_v a_o parliament_n burn_v the_o writ_n and_o send_v away_o the_o queen_n and_o child_n together_o with_o the_o main_a instrument_n of_o government_n the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n this_o must_v certain_o be_v look_v upon_o
statute_n of_o provisor_n and_o praemunire_n and_o i_o can_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a record_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n ii_o henry_n iu_o and_o henry_n v._o that_o they_o never_o intrude_v the_o crown_n with_o a_o absolute_a power_n of_o dispense_v with_o those_o statute_n but_o only_o for_o a_o time_n as_o till_o the_o next_o parliament_n or_o long_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a but_o since_o i_o have_v not_o now_o so_o much_o time_n to_o give_v you_o so_o many_o precedent_n at_o length_n i_o shall_v only_o tell_v you_o that_o as_o to_o the_o main_a instance_n you_o rely_v upon_o viz._n the_o king_n dispense_v with_o the_o statute_n of_o sheriff_n that_o at_o first_o it_o be_v not_o take_v for_o law_n appear_v by_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n as_o in_o 28._o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o whereby_o those_o sheriff_n that_o have_v hold_v their_o office_n for_o more_o than_o a_o year_n be_v pardon_v likewise_o in_o the_o act_n of_o edw._n iu._n there_o be_v 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of_o france_n have_v make_v his_o procurator_n to_o treat_v with_o the_o pope_n legate_n about_o his_o come_n over_o hither_o where_o when_o he_o have_v recite_v that_o king_n john_n have_v be_v condemn_v by_o his_o peer_n for_o the_o death_n of_o his_o nephew_n arthur_n and_o that_o he_o have_v be_v also_o for_o his_o great_a cruelty_n and_o other_o wickedness_n depose_v by_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n and_o far_o recite_v that_o the_o say_a king_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o his_o nobility_n have_v resign_v his_o kingdom_n to_o the_o pope_n to_o hold_v it_o of_o he_o at_o a_o annual_a tribute_n of_o a_o thousand_o mark_n the_o rest_n i_o will_v give_v you_o in_o latin_a because_o you_o yourself_o shall_v translate_v it_o etsi_fw-la coronam_fw-la angliae_fw-la sine_fw-la baronibus_fw-la alicui_fw-la dare_v non_fw-la potuit_fw-la potuit_fw-la tamen_fw-la dimittere_fw-la tam_fw-la quam_fw-la statim_fw-la cum_fw-la resignaverit_fw-la rex_fw-la esse_fw-la desiit_fw-la &_o regnum_fw-la sine_fw-la rege_fw-la vacavit_fw-la vacans_fw-la itaque_fw-la regnum_fw-la sine_fw-la baronibus_fw-la ordinari_fw-la non_fw-la debuit_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o you_o may_v see_v that_o by_o the_o order_n of_o prince_n lewis_n and_o the_o allowance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n himself_o every_o one_o of_o our_o opinion_n be_v maintain_v for_o good_a first_o that_o king_n john_n be_v before_o the_o resignation_n of_o his_o crown_n to_o the_o pope_n true_a and_o lawful_a king_n second_o that_o by_o that_o resignation_n to_o the_o pope_n he_o do_v dismiss_v or_o abdicate_v his_o right_n to_o it_o for_o so_o i_o suppose_v the_o word_n demittere_fw-la regnum_fw-la be_v here_o to_o be_v render_v three_o that_o upon_o this_o dismission_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o throne_n become_v vacant_a four_o that_o upon_o this_o vacancy_n the_o kingdom_n can_v not_o be_v confer_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o baron_n that_o be_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o let_v king_n john_n right_n to_o the_o crown_n have_v be_v what_o it_o will_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o he_o can_v not_o take_v it_o upon_o he_o until_o such_o time_n as_o this_o great_a council_n have_v both_o hear_v and_o allow_v his_o title_n and_o that_o this_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o election_n notwithstanding_o his_o brother_n will_n appear_v by_o that_o account_n which_o roger_n wendover_n and_o matthew_n paris_n have_v give_v we_o of_o it_o which_o though_o hoveden_n and_o other_o writer_n have_v omit_v yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o this_o be_v all_o the_o pure_a invention_n of_o roger_n of_o wendover_n or_o matthew_n pariâ—_n since_o the_o former_a he_o live_v near_o that_o time_n may_v write_v from_o the_o relation_n of_o â—oâ—e_n that_o be_v then_o present_a and_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a i_o look_v upon_o he_o though_o a_o monk_n as_o a_o man_n of_o too_o great_a integrity_n to_o invent_v any_o thing_n of_o his_o own_o head_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o account_n that_o archbishop_n hubert_n give_v why_o he_o put_v king_n john_n title_n rather_o upon_o election_n than_o succession_n look_v very_o suspicious_a since_o the_o archbishop_n must_v thereby_o have_v make_v himself_o a_o knave_n and_o a_o hypocrite_n and_o seem_v also_o to_o contradict_v what_o matthew_n paris_n have_v before_o say_v viz._n that_o all_o those_o that_o hear_v his_o speech_n dare_v not_o so_o much_o as_o doubt_v of_o these_o thing_n know_v that_o the_o archbishop_n have_v not_o thâ—s_o judge_v of_o this_o matter_n without_o cause_n and_o therefore_o i_o grant_v that_o this_o part_n of_o the_o relation_n concern_v the_o archbishop_n vindicate_v of_o himself_o for_o thus_o give_v his_o judgement_n may_v be_v a_o story_n common_o take_v up_o and_o be_v tell_v to_o this_o author_n be_v by_o he_o insert_v in_o his_o history_n at_o a_o time_n when_o i_o grant_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n begin_v to_o be_v think_v successive_a by_o reason_n that_o king_n henry_n the_o iii_o have_v succeed_v as_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o his_o father_n though_o he_o be_v noâ—_n for_o all_o that_o admit_v without_o election_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v by_o and_o by_o but_o that_o king_n john_n be_v make_v king_n by_o election_n though_o he_o claim_v it_o from_o his_o brother_n by_o succession_n likewise_o appear_v from_o his_o own_o charter_n still_o to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o archbishop_n archive_v at_o lambeth_n wherein_o he_o recite_v that_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n sigilli_fw-la jure_fw-la hereditario_fw-la &_o mediante_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o favore_fw-la where_o you_o see_v plain_o that_o he_o derive_v his_o title_n from_o the_o consent_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n as_o well_o as_o his_o own_o hereditary_a right_n m._n notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v i_o can_v agree_v with_o you_o that_o by_o these_o word_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v from_o this_o charter_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v any_o formal_a election_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n but_o that_o this_o unanimous_a consent_n mention_v in_o it_o be_v rather_o their_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o title_n and_o submission_n to_o he_o than_o any_o thing_n else_o for_o according_a to_o hoveden_n relation_n of_o his_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o i_o think_v the_o most_o exact_a extant_a the_o whole_a nation_n submit_v and_o swear_v fealty_n to_o he_o against_o all_o man_n before_o he_o come_v over_o into_o england_n but_o as_o for_o his_o son_n henry_n the_o iii_o it_o be_v much_o more_o plain_a that_o he_o succeed_v by_o succession_n and_o not_o by_o election_n as_o be_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o late_a king_n his_o father_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o relation_n of_o his_o coronation_n in_o matthew_n westminster_n 277._o who_o tell_v we_o thus_o henricus_fw-la johannis_n primogenitus_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la inunctus_fw-la &_o solemniter_fw-la coronatus_n est_fw-la and_o tho_o from_o the_o speech_n which_o be_v make_v to_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n that_o be_v then_o at_o gloucester_n by_o the_o earl_n mareshall_n 13._o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o henry_n be_v elect_v yet_o i_o dare_v say_v if_o any_o one_o do_v but_o impartial_o consider_v the_o tenor_n of_o it_o he_o will_v find_v that_o the_o design_n of_o it_o be_v rather_o to_o persuade_v all_o those_o then_o present_a to_o return_v to_o their_o duty_n and_o acknowledge_v he_o for_o their_o king_n who_o god_n and_o nature_n have_v design_v for_o that_o great_a charge_n for_o the_o earl_n begin_v his_o discourse_n to_o they_o thus_o as_o it_o be_v in_o knighton_n ecce_fw-la rex_fw-la vester_n which_o certain_o can_v not_o then_o be_v true_a if_o a_o election_n be_v necessary_a to_o make_v he_o such_o but_o among_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o argument_n he_o urge_v this_o 2426._o hunc_fw-la igitur_fw-la libeat_fw-la regem_fw-la dicere_fw-la cui_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regnum_fw-la debetur_fw-la you_o ought_v to_o choose_v he_o to_o who_o the_o kingdom_n be_v due_a which_o sure_o it_o can_v be_v to_o none_o if_o it_o be_v not_o hereditary_a and_o what_o put_v all_o out_o of_o doubt_n that_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o then_o and_o if_o not_o then_o i_o be_o sure_a never_o since_o elective_a be_v the_o answer_n of_o hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n to_o lewis_n when_o he_o summon_v he_o to_o deliver_v up_o dover_n castle_n to_o he_o since_o his_o master_n for_o who_o use_n and_o service_n he_o hold_v it_o be_v dead_a but_o see_v his_o answer_n if_o my_o old_a master_n say_v he_o he_o dead_a he_o have_v leave_v behind_o he_o son_n and_o daughter_n to_o succeed_v he_o a_o thing_n he_o never_o will_v have_v assert_v have_v he_o not_o think_v there_o have_v be_v a_o divine_a right_o somewhere_o else_o than_o in_o the_o people_n f._n before_o i_o speak_v any_o thing_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o iii_o d_n election_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o reply_v to_o what_o you_o have_v say_v against_o the_o express_a word_n of_o king_n johns_n charter_n for_o if_o favor_n and_o consensus_fw-la do_v not_o signify_v somewhat_o more_o than_o a_o bare_a acknowledgement_n and_o submission_n i_o understand_v neither_o english_a nor_o latin_a nor_o be_v this_o any_o answer_n to_o the_o express_a testimony_n of_o roger_n of_o wendover_n and_o mat._n paris_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o as_o for_o roger_n hoveden_n he_o do_v not_o say_v he_o be_v not_o elect_v but_o only_o omit_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o as_o divers_z other_o historian_n do_v so_o that_o at_o the_o best_a this_o be_v but_o a_o negative_a argument_n and_o yet_o that_o hoveden_n himself_o do_v not_o look_v upon_o he_o as_o king_n even_o after_o the_o whole_a nation_n have_v swear_v fealty_n to_o he_o before_o his_o coronation_n may_v appear_v from_o this_o passage_n a_o little_a before_o his_o come_n over_o wâ—â—ielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la misit_fw-la
permit_v his_o son_n to_o reign_v in_o his_o stead_n which_o though_o with_o some_o reluctance_n he_o at_o last_o agree_v to_o and_o thereupon_o prince_n edward_n take_v the_o crown_n not_o by_o election_n as_o you_o set_v forth_o but_o by_o the_o session_n and_o resignation_n of_o his_o say_a father_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o account_n which_o this_o king_n give_v of_o it_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o all_o the_o county_n of_o england_n within_o a_o few_o day_n after_o his_o take_n upon_o he_o the_o crown_n 50._o which_o writ_n or_o letter_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v among_o the_o roll'_v in_o the_o tower_n and_o be_v also_o publish_v in_o walsingham_n as_o a_o proclamation_n which_o because_o it_o will_v give_v very_o great_a light_n in_o this_o matter_n i_o pray_v now_o read_v it_o at_o length_n rex_fw-la vicecom_v ebor._fw-la salutem_fw-la quia_fw-la dominus_fw-la edwardus_fw-la nuper_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la pater_fw-la noster_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la confilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la com._n baron_n &_o alior_fw-la magnat_fw-la necnon_fw-la communitat_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la predict_v spontanea_fw-la voluntate_fw-la se_fw-la amovit_fw-la a_o regimine_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la volens_fw-la &_o concedens_fw-la quod_fw-la nos_fw-la tanquam_fw-la ipsius_fw-la primogenitus_fw-la &_o haeres_fw-la regni_fw-la gubernationem_fw-la &_o regimen_fw-la assumamus_fw-la nosque_fw-la ipsius_fw-la patris_fw-la nostri_fw-la bene_fw-la placito_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la parte_fw-la de_fw-la consitio_fw-la &_o avisamento_fw-la praelator_n com._n baron_n magnat_n &_o communitat_fw-la predict_v onnuenâ—es_fw-la pubernacula_fw-la suscepimus_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o fidelitates_fw-la &_o homagia_fw-la ipsorum_fw-la praelitor_n &_o magnat_n recepimuâ—_n ut_fw-la est_fw-la moris_fw-la testae_fw-la rege_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonast_n 29._o jan._n so_o that_o you_o here_o see_v this_o king_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o the_o deposition_n of_o his_o father_n or_o the_o election_n of_o himself_o but_o only_o that_o by_o the_o common_a council_n and_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n etc._n etc._n the_o king_n his_o father_n have_v by_o his_o own_o free_a will._n remove_v himself_o from_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o therefore_o he_o have_v by_o the_o good_a will_n of_o his_o say_a father_n and_o by_o council_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o say_a prelate_n earl_n etc._n etc._n take_v the_o government_n of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n upon_o he_o but_o king_n edward_n the_o 3_o d._n be_v dead_a his_o grandson_n richard_n the_o 2_o d_o succeed_v he_o have_v be_v before_o recognize_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n in_o his_o grandfather_n life_n time_n immediate_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n edward_n the_o black_a prince_n so_o that_o he_o succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n though_o a_o infant_n and_o have_v great_a and_o powerful_a uncle_n then_o alive_a and_o 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though_o they_o pretend_v to_o a_o better_a title_n now_o if_o i_o prove_v every_o one_o of_o these_o three_o proposition_n i_o think_v the_o case_n will_v be_v very_o plain_a that_o though_o the_o crown_n have_v be_v claim_v and_o often_o enjoy_v by_o right_a of_o blood_n yet_o have_v it_o be_v hold_v near_o as_o often_o otherwise_o since_o that_o time_n so_o that_o the_o succession_n to_o it_o have_v be_v still_o declare_v under_o the_o direction_n and_o limitation_n of_o the_o present_a king_n and_o parliament_n this_o be_v premise_v i_o shall_v proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v say_v concern_v king_n edward_n the_o first_o be_v be_v only_o recognise_v and_o not_o elect_v king_n by_o the_o parliament_n it_o be_v plain_a from_o this_o history_n that_o the_o great_a council_n still_o maintain_v their_o ancient_a right_n of_o assemble_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n and_o of_o judge_v who_o shall_v be_v his_o successor_n and_o that_o 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the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n etc._n etc._n he_o have_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o consequent_o that_o
parliament_n for_o as_o to_o queen_n mary_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o at_o her_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n she_o can_v not_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o heir_n by_o right_a of_o blood_n because_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o viii_o the_o 22._o his_o marriage_n with_o queen_n catherine_n her_o mother_n be_v declare_v unlawful_a and_o the_o crown_n settle_v upon_o the_o king_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n lawful_o beget_v on_o queen_n anne_n bullen_n and_o beside_o all_o this_o she_o be_v but_o sister_n by_o the_o half_a blood_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o vi_o the_o and_o so_o can_v not_o inherit_v as_o heir_n to_o he_o and_o though_o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n the_o parliament_n it_o be_v true_a take_v off_o her_o illegitimation_n and_o repeal_v the_o act_n of_o the_o 25_o the_o and_o 28_o the_o of_o henry_n viii_o whereby_o she_o be_v declare_v illegitimate_a yet_o in_o this_o the_o parliament_n seem_v rather_o to_o provide_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o her_o descent_n than_o as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o to_o declare_v her_o succession_n to_o be_v inheritance_n by_o right_a of_o blood_n because_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 35_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o viii_o the_o whereby_o the_o crown_n be_v settle_v upon_o prince_n edward_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n the_o remainder_n upon_o the_o lady_n marry_o and_o elizabeth_n and_o whereby_o the_o king_n have_v also_o power_n give_v he_o of_o dispose_v the_o crown_n by_o letter_n patent_n or_o by_o will_n be_v not_o at_o all_o repeal_v and_o for_o which_o a_o memorable_a reason_n be_v give_v in_o both_o these_o act_n lest_o if_o such_o heir_n shall_v fail_v and_o no_o provision_n make_v in_o the_o king_n life_n who_o shall_v rule_v and_o govern_v this_o realm_n for_o lack_v of_o such_o heir_n that_o then_o this_o realm_n shall_v be_v destitute_a of_o a_o lawful_a governor_n whereby_o it_o seem_v plain_a that_o the_o parliament_n than_o esteem_v no_o heir_n to_o 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to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n by_o inheritance_n yet_o whether_o it_o be_v from_o king_n henry_n the_o vii_o the_o alone_a or_o from_o queen_n elizabeth_n his_o wife_n be_v not_o there_o declare_v only_o that_o he_o be_v lawful_o descend_v of_o lady_n margaret_n elder_a daughter_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o vii_o the_o and_o queen_n elizabeth_n his_o wife_n elder_a daughter_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o iv_o the_o and_o therefore_o that_o they_o be_v bind_v both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man_n to_o recognize_v his_o majesty_n as_o sole_a heir_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a of_o this_o realm_n all_o which_o be_v so_o far_o true_a if_o by_o god_n law_n and_o man_n law_n you_o will_v thereby_o understand_v such_o law_n as_o god_n empower_v the_o king_n and_o parliament_n to_o make_v for_o otherwise_o there_o be_v no_o more_o heed_n to_o be_v take_v of_o this_o declaration_n than_o that_o which_o be_v make_v before_o to_o richard_n the_o iii_o d_o which_o also_o declare_v he_o 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the_o power_n of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v that_o such_o a_o declaration_n must_v be_v void_a in_o itself_o since_o i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o law_n of_o succession_n ever_o settle_v by_o any_o general_a custom_n or_o common_a law_n since_o it_o have_v be_v near_o as_o often_o break_v as_o observe_v and_o as_o for_o any_o positive_a or_o statute-law_n enact_v any_o hereditary_a right_n of_o succession_n you_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v to_o show_v it_o so_o that_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o three_o proposition_n i_o lay_v down_o viz._n that_o ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o though_o the_o crown_n have_v be_v claim_v by_o right_a of_o blood_n yet_o have_v it_o not_o be_v very_o often_o enjoy_v by_o prince_n who_o have_v no_o just_a pretence_n to_o that_o title_n second_o that_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n have_v often_o notwithstanding_o 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and_o king_n james_n the_o ist._n whereby_o they_o be_v declare_v both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man_n undoubted_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o last_o act_n i_o cite_v viz._n that_o of_o king_n james_n the_o ist._n do_v sufficient_o confute_v your_o notion_n of_o a_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n where_o it_o be_v express_o declare_v that_o immediate_o upon_o the_o decease_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n the_o crown_n of_o england_n with_o all_o the_o dominion_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o do_v by_o inherent_a birthright_n and_o lawful_a and_o undoubted_a succession_n descend_v and_o come_v to_o his_o majesty_n king_n james._n so_o that_o if_o there_o then_o be_v no_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n i_o can_v see_v how_o there_o can_v be_v any_o such_o thing_n now_o the_o next_o heir_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v he_o who_o they_o will_v be_v certain_o not_o so_o far_o remove_v from_o king_n james_n the_o ist._n as_o himself_o be_v from_o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o under_o 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than_o what_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n have_v confer_v upon_o they_o and_o therefore_o you_o yourself_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o it_o be_v gross_a flattery_n in_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n to_o declare_v that_o richard_n the_o iiid_v forexample_n have_v a_o true_a and_o undoubted_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n and_o also_o by_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o realm_n when_o you_o know_v he_o be_v a_o notorious_a usurper_n upon_o the_o right_n of_o his_o brother_n king_n edward_n child_n now_o how_o can_v i_o be_v assure_v that_o the_o like_a declaration_n make_v to_o kâ—ng_n james_n the_o i._o be_v not_o likewise_o a_o piece_n of_o courtship_n of_o the_o representative_a of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o this_o king_n then_o new_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n since_o we_o find_v the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n when_o they_o be_v in_o a_o kind_a fit_a never_o think_v they_o can_v say_v or_o do_v too_o much_o for_o their_o 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of_o england_n shall_v not_o have_v as_o much_o authority_n as_o those_o of_o france_n or_o scotland_n this_o be_v as_o much_o or_o more_o a_o limit_a kingdom_n thau_fw-fr either_o of_o the_o other_o ever_o be_v m._n i_o do_v not_o deny_v that_o but_o pray_v show_v i_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n why_o the_o convention_n shall_v now_o vote_n a_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n since_o there_o be_v certain_o a_o heir_n apparent_a not_o long_o since_o in_o england_n and_o i_o hope_n be_v now_o safe_a in_o france_n who_o ought_v to_o fill_v it_o or_o at_o least_o there_o shall_v have_v be_v some_o sufficient_a cause_n allege_v against_o he_o to_o prove_v that_o he_o be_v not_o true_a son_n either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o queen_n and_o till_o this_o be_v do_v they_o can_v not_o with_o any_o right_a or_o good_a conscience_n place_v any_o other_o relation_n of_o he_o in_o the_o throne_n since_o every_o person_n ought_v to_o be_v esteem_v the_o son_n of_o that_o father_n and_o mother_n that_o public_o own_v he_o for_o such_o for_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n in_o our_o as_o well_o as_o your_o law_n filiatio_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la probari_fw-la f._n how_o this_o can_v be_v perform_v without_o first_o declare_v the_o throne_n vacant_a i_o can_v apprehend_v for_o you_o yourself_o must_v grant_v that_o there_o have_v be_v great_a doubt_n and_o suspicion_n of_o the_o realty_n of_o this_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o therefore_o that_o be_v one_o great_a reason_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n come_v over_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o child_n whether_o he_o be_v real_o bear_v of_o the_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o q._n be_v first_o to_o be_v examine_v and_o determine_v before_o he_o can_v be_v declare_v k._n of_o england_n in_o the_o
man_n have_v in_o a_o estate_n which_o be_v his_o right_n let_v he_o be_v what_o he_o will_v or_o let_v he_o manage_v it_o how_o he_o will_n whereas_o in_o the_o right_n to_o a_o kingdom_n i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v a_o true_a maxim_n that_o the_o representative_n of_o a_o nation_n as_o the_o convention_n be_v ought_v to_o have_v more_o regard_n to_o the_o happiness_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n or_o commonwealth_n than_o to_o the_o dignity_n or_o authority_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n whosoever_o or_o howsoever_o near_o relate_v to_o the_o crown_n when_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o advancement_n of_o such_o a_o person_n to_o the_o throne_n will_v prove_v destructive_a to_o our_o religion_n civil_a liberty_n and_o property_n now_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o apply_v what_o i_o have_v say_v to_o the_o point_n now_o in_o question_n let_v we_o therefore_o at_o the_o present_a suppose_n that_o your_o prince_n of_o wales_n be_v true_a and_o lawful_a son_n to_o king_n james_n and_o queen_n mary_n and_o let_v i_o also_o far_o suppose_v that_o in_o his_o late_a passage_n over_o sea_n he_o be_v take_v by_o the_o pirate_n of_o algiers_n or_o tunis_n and_o by_o they_o be_v carry_v to_o one_o of_o those_o place_n and_o be_v breed_v up_o in_o the_o mahometan_a religion_n and_o after_o he_o have_v be_v circumcise_a and_o full_o ground_v in_o that_o abominable_a superstition_n the_o grand_a signior_n together_o with_o the_o king_n of_o argier_n and_o tunis_n shall_v send_v this_o nation_n word_n that_o if_o they_o will_v not_o admit_v he_o quiet_o for_o their_o king_n and_o allow_v he_o all_o those_o priest_n he_o shall_v bring_v with_o he_o a_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n in_o england_n they_o will_v then_o make_v war_n upon_o this_o nation_n with_o all_o the_o force_n they_o can_v raise_v i_o ask_v you_o what_o we_o ought_v to_o do_v in_o this_o case_n whether_o we_o shall_v receive_v he_o for_o our_o king_n or_o keep_v he_o out_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v it_o be_v a_o nice_a question_n and_o since_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n that_o never_o do_v yet_o nor_o i_o hope_v will_v ever_o come_v to_o pass_v i_o think_v i_o may_v free_o answer_v you_o that_o suppose_v this_o prince_n can_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v the_o very_a same_o who_o be_v carry_v away_o so_o many_o year_n ago_o we_o ought_v notwithstanding_o his_o false_a belief_n to_o receive_v he_o especial_o if_o he_o will_v solemn_o swear_v only_o to_o worship_n god_n in_o private_a after_o his_o own_o way_n and_o that_o he_o will_v swear_v not_o to_o violate_v our_o religion_n or_o invade_v our_o liberty_n and_o property_n and_o this_o be_v do_v i_o think_v we_o ought_v then_o to_o admit_v he_o for_o our_o lawful_a sovereign_n since_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v already_o acknowledge_v at_o our_o three_o meeting_n the_o supreme_a power_n be_v not_o to_o be_v resist_v because_o they_o be_v of_o a_o different_a religion_n from_o that_o of_o the_o people_n or_o nation_n they_o govern._n f._n very_o well_o but_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o in_o this_o you_o be_v much_o more_o kind_a to_o mahometan_n and_o heretical_a prince_n than_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n who_o have_v decree_v that_o no_o prince_n ought_v to_o be_v receive_v as_o right_a heir_n to_o a_o crown_n who_o be_v a_o pagan_a turk_n or_o heretic_n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o the_o state_n of_o france_n during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o league_n by_o the_o pope_n decree_n refuse_v to_o own_o henry_n king_n of_o navarre_n for_o their_o sovereign_n and_o also_o that_o the_o papist_n of_o the_o nuntio_n party_n in_o ireland_n during_o the_o late_a rebellion_n refuse_v to_o own_o the_o late_a duke_n of_o ormond_n for_o lord_n lieutenant_n of_o that_o kingdom_n because_o the_o king_n be_v a_o protestant_n but_o pray_v answer_v i_o a_o question_n or_o two_o further_a suppose_v this_o prince_n refuse_v to_o promise_v these_o or_o such_o thing_n or_o else_o if_o he_o do_v promise_v and_o swear_v they_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o can_v we_o be_v assure_v that_o according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o that_o religion_n he_o have_v be_v breed_v under_o and_o those_o arbitrary_a notion_n he_o have_v learn_v concern_v the_o absolute_a power_n of_o king_n in_o barbary_n and_o which_o he_o will_v believe_v due_a to_o himself_o as_o be_v as_o absolute_a a_o monarch_n as_o any_o of_o they_o i_o say_v how_o such_o a_o prince_n ever_o can_v be_v trust_v since_o if_o he_o have_v the_o whole_a power_n of_o the_o militia_n in_o his_o hand_n he_o may_v bring_v in_o what_o number_n of_o turkish_a or_o moorish_a guard_n he_o shall_v think_v fit_a who_o may_v easy_o set_v up_o that_o religion_n and_o government_n too_o in_o this_o nation_n since_o according_a to_o your_o principle_n of_o passive_a obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n no_o man_n ought_v to_o lift_v up_o so_o much_o as_o a_o finger_n against_o he_o though_o he_o go_v about_o to_o make_v we_o all_o turk_n and_o slave_n m._n well_o suppose_v all_o this_o as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v his_o right_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v it_o let_v the_o consequence_n be_v what_o it_o will_n f._n you_o have_v say_v enough_o i_o desire_v no_o more_o but_o i_o hope_v every_o true_a protestant_n and_o english_a man_n will_v be_v of_o another_o mind_n if_o ever_o such_o a_o case_n shall_v happen_v but_o indeed_o it_o appear_v very_o strange_a to_o i_o that_o a_o natural_a disability_n such_o as_o ideocy_n or_o lunacy_n shall_v be_v esteem_v sufficient_a in_o all_o kingdom_n to_o debarr_v the_o next_o heir_n from_o the_o government_n and_o yet_o that_o a_o moral_a or_o a_o religious_a disability_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o a_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v rebel_v against_o or_o resist_v mere_o because_o he_o be_v of_o a_o different_a religion_n from_o that_o of_o his_o subject_n for_o i_o be_v never_o for_o resist_a king_n james_n mere_o upon_o that_o score_n yet_o it_o be_v another_o thing_n when_o a_o prince_n be_v not_o actual_o possess_v of_o the_o throne_n but_o be_v to_o be_v admit_v to_o it_o upon_o such_o condition_n as_o may_v appear_v safe_a for_o the_o religion_n and_o civil_a constitution_n of_o a_o kingdom_n in_o this_o case_n if_o a_o prince_n be_v certain_o infect_v with_o such_o pernicious_a principle_n either_o in_o relation_n to_o religion_n or_o civil_a government_n it_o be_v much_o otherwise_o as_o for_o example_n that_o no_o faith_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v with_o heretic_n that_o his_o own_o religion_n be_v to_o be_v propagate_v by_o arm_n blood_n or_o persecution_n that_o no_o government_n can_v be_v safe_a for_o the_o prince_n or_o in_o which_o he_o can_v appear_v great_a or_o glorious_a but_o as_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n let_v such_o a_o prince_n be_v either_o a_o christian_n or_o a_o mahometan_a i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v a_o certain_a ruin_n to_o a_o kingdom_n to_o be_v oblige_v to_o receive_v such_o a_o prince_n when_o they_o be_v moral_o sure_a that_o he_o will_v not_o only_o subvert_v their_o religion_n but_o destroy_v the_o very_a professor_n of_o it_o and_o not_o only_o those_o but_o alter_v the_o civil_a constitution_n too_o by_o turn_v it_o from_o a_o limit_a kingdom_n into_o a_o absolute_a despotic_a tyranny_n to_o conclude_v i_o shall_v only_o desire_v you_o to_o consider_v into_o what_o a_o country_n your_o prince_n of_o wales_n be_v carry_v and_o what_o instructor_n he_o be_v like_a to_o have_v and_o what_o principle_n he_o will_v receive_v from_o they_o and_o then_o pray_v tell_v i_o if_o he_o continue_v there_o till_o he_o be_v a_o man_n what_o difference_n there_o will_v be_v between_o this_o young_a prince_n breed_v up_o in_o such_o a_o religion_n and_o such_o principle_n and_o the_o same_o if_o he_o have_v be_v carry_v away_o by_o pirate_n to_o argier_n as_o i_o at_o first_o suppose_v m._n this_o be_v a_o very_a invidious_a comparison_n for_o though_o i_o do_v not_o approve_v of_o the_o roman-catholick_n religion_n yet_o sure_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o that_o which_o profess_v all_o the_o article_n of_o our_o creed_n and_o in_o which_o we_o of_o our_o church_n own_o salvation_n may_v be_v obtain_v and_o the_o mahometan_a superstition_n which_o deny_v that_o fundamental_a article_n of_o our_o creed_n viz._n that_o jesus_n christ_n be_v the_o son_n of_o god_n and_o as_o for_o civil_a or_o political_a principle_n i_o hope_v the_o king_n his_o father_n will_v take_v care_n to_o have_v he_o instruct_v by_o some_o of_o those_o english_a nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n who_o be_v now_o with_o he_o in_o the_o custom_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o english_a government_n and_o wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o french_a
the_o prince_n of_o wales_n to_o have_v be_v either_o dead_a or_o just_o lay_v aside_o now_o make_v it_o out_o to_o i_o how_o you_o can_v justify_v the_o place_v the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o orange_n in_o the_o throne_n when_o the_o crown_n be_v real_o her_o right_n after_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o not_o her_o husband_n as_o also_o the_o put_v the_o government_n sole_o into_o his_o hand_n since_o this_o can_v no_o way_n agree_v with_o the_o act_n of_o recognition_n to_o king_n james_n the_o first_o which_o you_o yourself_o can_v deny_v but_o aught_o to_o be_v observe_v when_o it_o may_v be_v do_v without_o any_o apparent_a hazard_n or_o prejudice_n to_o the_o protestant_a religion_n and_o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o government_n which_o i_o think_v may_v have_v be_v as_o well_o if_o not_o better_o secure_v by_o let_v it_o have_v go_v in_o the_o right_a line_n that_o by_o place_v the_o crown_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o though_o it_o be_v true_a be_v of_o the_o blood-royal_a by_o his_o mother_n yet_o be_v a_o foreigner_n be_v a_o mere_a stranger_n to_o our_o government_n and_o law_n and_o have_v be_v breed_v up_o in_o calvinistical_a principle_n and_o upon_o that_o score_n be_v not_o like_a to_o have_v any_o good_a intention_n towards_o the_o government_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o late_a agree_v to_o abolish_v episcopacy_n in_o scotland_n upon_o his_o accept_n that_o crown_n from_o the_o presbyterian_a convention_n f._n if_o these_o be_v all_o the_o objection_n you_o have_v to_o make_v against_o place_v king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n in_o the_o throne_n i_o hope_v they_o will_v not_o be_v of_o any_o great_a moment_n to_o yourself_o or_o any_o other_o considerate_a man_n for_o if_o that_o upon_o the_o abdication_n of_o king_n james_n and_o the_o impossibity_n of_o determine_v your_o prince_n of_o wales_n title_n if_o it_o be_v one_o a_o regency_n be_v impracticable_a 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it_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o present_a setlement_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o nation_n which_o i_o think_v be_v a_o better_a session_n of_o she_o right_o to_o his_o present_a majesty_n than_o any_o you_o can_v prove_v that_o the_o empress_n maud_n make_v to_o her_o son_n henry_n the_o second_o or_o than_o the_o countess_n of_o richmond_n ever_o make_v to_o her_o son_n henry_n the_o seven_o m._n you_o have_v often_o talk_v of_o this_o forfeiture_n and_o extravagant_a power_n of_o your_o convention_n by_o who_o you_o suppose_v they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o place_v the_o crown_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o next_o heir_n by_o blood_n which_o i_o shall_v prove_v to_o be_v a_o vain_a notion_n for_o if_o there_o be_v a_o absolute_a forfeiture_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o government_n will_v have_v be_v absolute_o dissolve_v for_o since_o there_o be_v no_o legal_a government_n without_o a_o king_n if_o the_o throne_n be_v real_o vacant_a and_o that_o the_o people_n may_v place_v who_o they_o 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the_o crown_n ought_v to_o descend_v to_o the_o next_o heir_n by_o blood_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o descent_n i_o have_v now_o lay_v down_o f._n i_o can_v but_o admire_v your_o obstinacy_n in_o this_o matter_n which_o proceed_v from_o your_o old_a error_n of_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v a_o natural_a or_o divine_a right_n of_o succession_n to_o crown_n different_a or_o abstract_v from_o the_o civil_a and_o political_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o particular_a kingdom_n which_o i_o think_v i_o have_v already_o confute_v by_o show_v you_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o nature_n as_o a_o patriarchal_a right_n in_o adam_n or_o noah_n or_o their_o heir_n nor_o yet_o to_o any_o other_o king_n as_o their_o assign_v or_o representative_n and_o therefore_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o allegiance_n to_o every_o lawful_a king_n be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n yet_o who_o that_o king_n be_v or_o who_o be_v to_o be_v his_o lawful_a successor_n in_o 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may_v lose_v it_o too_o since_o there_o be_v more_o way_n than_o one_o of_o part_v with_o that_o which_o may_v be_v part_v with_o if_o then_o a_o voluntary_a resignation_n of_o a_o crown_n or_o conquest_n in_o a_o just_a war_n can_v give_v another_o prince_n a_o just_a title_n to_o it_o i_o can_v see_v why_o a_o tacit_n abdication_n or_o forfeiture_n of_o a_o crown_n upon_o a_o limit_a king_n total_a breach_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v not_o as_o much_o discharge_v all_o the_o subject_n of_o their_o allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o also_o give_v the_o great_a council_n as_o the_o representative_a of_o the_o nation_n a_o like_a right_o of_o ordain_v a_o successor_n upon_o such_o a_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n and_o who_o be_v once_o place_v therein_o all_o the_o people_n of_o the_o nation_n ought_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o allegiance_n to_o he_o as_o they_o do_v to_o his_o predecessor_n but_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o your_o supposition_n that_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o blood_n must_v always_o necessary_o succeed_v to_o it_o that_o be_v likewise_o sound_v upon_o two_o very_a false_a principle_n first_o that_o a_o lineal_a hereditary_a succession_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v establish_v by_o the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n second_o that_o the_o succession_n to_o it_o can_v be_v limit_v by_o the_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n the_o former_a of_o which_o supposition_n i_o have_v confute_v at_o our_o last_o meet_n and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o you_o can_v deny_v but_o the_o crown_n have_v be_v frequent_o settle_v and_o limit_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n contrary_a to_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o succession_n as_o have_v be_v sufficient_o prove_v by_o the_o statute_n above_o mention_v of_o henry_n the_o vii_o the_o as_o also_o by_o those_o several_a act_n concern_v the_o succession_n in_o henry_n the_o viii_o this_o time_n and_o so_o it_o continue_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13_o the_o of_o queen_n elizabeth_n 1._o whereby_o it_o be_v declare_v treason_n during_o the_o queen_n life_n for_o any_o person_n to_o affirm_v that_o the_o queen_n and_o parliament_n have_v not_o power_n to_o make_v law_n to_o limit_n and_o bind_v the_o descent_n and_o inheritance_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o that_o this_o act_n be_v not_o of_o sufficient_a force_n to_o bind_v limit_n and_o govern_v all_o person_n their_o right_n and_o title_n that_o in_o any_o way_n claim_v any_o interest_n or_o possibility_n in_o or_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n in_o possession_n remainder_n succession_n inheritance_n or_o otherwise_o howsoever_o and_o every_o person_n so_o hold_v or_o affirm_v after_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o queen_n shall_v forfeit_v all_o his_o good_n and_o chattel_n so_o that_o i_o can_v see_v no_o just_a reason_n you_o can_v have_v to_o refuse_v swear_v allegiance_n to_o their_o present_a majesty_n and_o their_o successor_n according_a to_o the_o limitation_n in_o the_o say_v act._n m._n well_o i_o see_v it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o argue_v these_o point_n any_o long_o with_o you_o since_o it_o will_v only_o force_v i_o to_o repeat_v the_o same_o thing_n over_o again_o which_o will_v neither_o edify_v you_o nor_o myself_o only_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o this_o much_o that_o the_o last_o part_n of_o your_o argument_n which_o be_v the_o only_a thing_n that_o be_v new_a in_o all_o your_o discourse_n be_v found_v upon_o a_o very_a wrong_a ground_n for_o though_o i_o shall_v grant_v as_o i_o do_v not_o since_o this_o act_n you_o last_o mention_v be_v expire_v that_o the_o crown_n may_v be_v limit_v or_o entail_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n contrary_a to_o the_o due_a rule_n
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act_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v still_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o go_v upon_o a_o wrong_a ground_n when_o you_o suppose_v that_o there_o can_v be_v now_o any_o dispute_n who_o be_v rightful_a king_n of_o england_n since_o i_o have_v often_o tell_v you_o that_o he_o can_v neither_o abdicate_v or_o forfeit_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o that_o no_o parliament_n whatever_o much_o less_o a_o convention_n can_v have_v any_o power_n to_o declare_v he_o have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n and_o that_o thereby_o the_o throne_n be_v become_v vacant_a for_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n when_o legal_o assemble_v aught_o to_o be_v receive_v with_o great_a submission_n and_o respect_n yet_o must_v it_o be_v only_o in_o such_o matter_n which_o they_o have_v a_o legal_a cognizance_n of_o and_o which_o they_o be_v impower_v by_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o determine_v but_o since_o their_o 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to_o his_o throne_n though_o never_o so_o unjust_o depose_v or_o drive_v out_o as_o in_o duty_n they_o ought_v but_o also_o those_o who_o be_v instrumental_a in_o this_o rebellion_n and_o in_o deprive_v the_o lawful_a prince_n of_o his_o just_a right_n may_v not_o themselves_o endeavour_v to_o restore_v he_o which_o will_v put_v they_o out_o of_o all_o possibility_n of_o make_v amends_o for_o the_o wrong_n they_o have_v do_v he_o and_o of_o make_v restitution_n by_o again_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o throne_n f._n if_o this_o be_v all_o the_o difficulty_n that_o be_v leave_v upon_o your_o mind_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o prove_v to_o you_o not_o only_o from_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n that_o allegiance_n may_v be_v lawful_o swear_v in_o this_o case_n but_o also_o that_o it_o be_v for_o the_o common_a happiness_n and_o peace_n of_o the_o nation_n which_o be_v the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o government_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v first_o free_o grant_v that_o though_o it_o be_v rebellion_n unjust_o to_o deprive_v a_o king_n and_o his_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o that_o those_o who_o have_v a_o hand_n in_o it_o be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o endeavour_v to_o restore_v he_o or_o they_o to_o their_o just_a right_n again_o yet_o this_o must_v be_v do_v by_o no_o other_o method_n but_o what_o be_v consistent_a with_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n for_o if_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la have_v once_o get_v possession_n of_o the_o throne_n and_o have_v be_v crown_v and_o recognise_v by_o parliament_n from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o prove_v i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o they_o ought_v to_o obey_v he_o not_o only_o from_o the_o
crown_n of_o france_n as_o ever_o they_o have_v be_v in_o former_a time_n if_o ever_o our_o king_n shall_v go_v about_o to_o revive_v their_o ancient_a pretension_n to_o france_n or_o normandy_n or_o make_v war_n upon_o some_o other_o quarrel_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v more_o far_o the_o interest_n of_o france_n to_o leave_v we_o our_o law_n liberty_n and_o privilege_n as_o we_o now_o enjoy_v they_o nay_o to_o make_v a_o express_a capitulation_n for_o they_o and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v to_o foment_n those_o jealousy_n and_o dispute_n that_o be_v still_o like_a to_o arise_v between_o the_o king_n and_o we_o about_o they_o thereby_o to_o hinder_v we_o from_o join_v against_o he_o then_o by_o render_v the_o king_n absolute_a to_o take_v they_o quite_o away_o and_o put_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o the_o purse_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o sword_n whole_o into_o his_o hand_n to_o conclude_v you_o do_v also_o very_o much_o misrepresent_v the_o matter_n in_o suppose_v 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that_o this_o war_n can_v no_o way_n be_v finish_v but_o by_o so_o great_a a_o concussion_n as_o shall_v so_o much_o weaken_v the_o kingdom_n as_o to_o render_v it_o expose_v to_o the_o invasion_n of_o foreign_a enemy_n in_o which_o you_o may_v be_v very_o much_o deceive_v for_o who_o can_v tell_v but_o the_o heart_n of_o this_o nation_n may_v come_v to_o be_v so_o incline_v to_o receive_v their_o lawful_a king_n and_o his_o right_a heir_n and_o may_v be_v so_o weary_a of_o the_o present_a usurpation_n as_o upon_o his_o first_o appearance_n in_o england_n with_o a_o army_n sufficient_a to_o defend_v those_o who_o shall_v come_v into_o he_o so_o many_o of_o his_o subject_n will_v take_v this_o advantage_n as_o will_v be_v more_o than_o enough_o to_o restore_v he_o with_o as_o little_a bloodshed_n as_o when_o he_o be_v drive_v out_o and_o then_o i_o think_v no_o indifferent_a man_n but_o will_v acknowledge_v that_o such_o a_o war_n will_v prove_v for_o the_o best_a since_o it_o will_v not_o only_o settle_v the_o government_n upon_o in_o ancient_a foundation_n of_o a_o lineal_a succession_n but_o will_v also_o extinguish_v those_o fatal_a cause_n of_o war_n not_o only_o from_o among_o ourselves_o but_o also_o from_o foreign_a prince_n as_o long_o as_o the_o king_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o his_o lawful_a heir_n shall_v continue_v in_o be_v which_o i_o hope_v will_v be_v much_o long_o than_o those_o upon_o who_o your_o convention_n have_v settle_v the_o crown_n either_o in_o present_a or_o reversion_n f._n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v you_o that_o all_o you_o have_v now_o say_v be_v either_o build_v upon_o false_a principle_n or_o else_o deduce_v by_o very_o uncertain_a consequence_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n though_o you_o doubt_v my_o principle_n that_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o restore_v king_n james_n to_o the_o throne_n if_o it_o can_v be_v do_v without_o the_o evident_a destruction_n both_o of_o our_o 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give_v we_o that_o grace_n if_o he_o please_v as_o the_o only_a comfort_n we_o can_v have_v leave_v we_o when_o by_o our_o own_o folly_n and_o mistake_v notion_n of_o duty_n we_o have_v bring_v all_o those_o evil_n upon_o ourselves_o i_o shall_v therefore_o now_o proceed_v to_o show_v you_o that_o these_o evil_n i_o speak_v of_o must_v necessary_o happen_v to_o we_o in_o case_n king_n james_n be_v restore_v by_o the_o french_a or_o irish_a papist_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o it_o be_v very_o false_o suppose_v that_o this_o alteration_n can_v be_v bring_v about_o without_o a_o entire_a subdue_a or_o conquest_n not_o only_o of_o their_o present_a majesty_n but_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v apparent_a since_o none_o but_o the_o papist_n and_o some_o few_o of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o gentry_n desire_v his_o restoration_n and_o who_o if_o they_o be_v put_v altogether_o will_v not_o i_o believe_v amount_v to_o the_o hundred_o man_n who_o will_v be_v either_o willing_a or_o capable_a to_o come_v in_o to_o his_o assistance_n with_o man_n or_o money_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o vain_a supposition_n to_o believe_v as_o you_o do_v that_o this_o new_a revolution_n can_v be_v bring_v about_o without_o any_o more_o difficulty_n or_o bloodshed_n then_o the_o last_o as_o long_o as_o the_o present_a king_n and_o queen_n continue_v to_o govern_v we_o according_a to_o the_o declaration_n they_o subscribe_v upon_o their_o acceptance_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o coronation_n oath_n they_o have_v since_o take_v which_o i_o hope_v they_o will_v always_o do_v since_o nothing_o but_o follow_v king_n james_n example_n as_o well_o as_o to_o religion_n as_o civil_a liberty_n can_v ever_o make_v this_o nation_n willing_a to_o receive_v he_o or_o your_o prince_n of_o wales_n with_o so_o little_a difficulty_n as_o you_o be_v
please_v to_o imagine_v since_o therefore_o the_o business_n must_v be_v whole_o do_v by_o force_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n consider_v all_o those_o supposition_n you_o have_v lay_v down_o as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o french_a as_o irish_a who_o be_v the_o only_a hand_n that_o i_o see_v likely_a at_o present_a to_o do_v this_o work_n first_o as_o to_o what_o you_o say_v that_o the_o king_n will_v be_v too_o wise_a then_o to_o bring_v over_o along_o with_o he_o so_o great_a number_n of_o the_o french_a and_o irish_a nation_n as_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o entire_a conquest_n of_o this_o kingdom_n lest_o thereby_o both_o he_o and_o his_o crown_n may_v lie_v whole_o at_o their_o mercy_n when_o the_o business_n be_v do_v you_o have_v hereby_o grant_v as_o much_o as_o i_o desire_v for_o if_o their_o majesty_n be_v never_o like_a to_o be_v without_o a_o army_n in_o england_n of_o at_o least_o fifteen_o or_o twenty_o thousand_o man_n as_o long_o as_o this_o war_n last_v and_o that_o the_o militia_n of_o this_o nation_n which_o be_v almost_o total_o against_o king_n james_n interest_n and_o do_v amount_v altogether_o to_o above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n i_o think_v you_o yourself_o will_v grant_v that_o king_n james_n can_v attempt_v come_v over_o hither_o with_o a_o army_n of_o less_o than_o 30_o or_o 4000_o veteran_n soldier_n of_o the_o french_a and_o irish_a nation_n though_o you_o shall_v reckon_v the_o papist_n and_o other_o who_o shall_v come_v into_o his_o assistance_n at_o 20000_o more_o who_o if_o they_o shall_v be_v altogether_o able_a to_o beat_v not_o only_a king_n william_n stand_a army_n but_o the_o militia_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o boot_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o shall_v hinder_v they_o from_o make_v as_o perfect_v a_o conquest_n of_o this_o nation_n as_o ever_o cromwell_n army_n do_v either_o of_o england_n or_o scotland_n and_o consequent_o of_o set_v up_o what_o religion_n or_o government_n they_o please_v in_o this_o kingdom_n which_o that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v that_o which_o be_v now_o exercise_v either_o in_o church_n or_o state_n i_o think_v any_o unprejudiced_a man_n will_v easy_o grant_v i_o but_o your_o next_o supposition_n be_v altogether_o as_o precarious_a that_o it_o be_v not_o either_o the_o design_n or_o interest_n of_o the_o french_a king_n to_o make_v a_o entire_a conquest_n of_o this_o kingdom_n for_o himself_o nor_o yet_o to_o make_v king_n james_n a_o absolute_a monarch_n here_o one_o of_o these_o i_o must_v needs_o believe_v will_v happen_v for_o though_o perhaps_o that_o king_n may_v at_o present_a stand_n so_o much_o upon_o his_o glory_n as_o not_o seize_v the_o kingdom_n of_o a_o kinsman_n and_o a_o ally_n whole_o to_o his_o own_o use_n and_o benefit_n yet_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a that_o he_o will_v retain_v french_a garrison_n in_o all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o strong_a place_n of_o england_n not_o only_o for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o charge_n he_o will_v have_v be_v at_o to_o place_n king_n james_n in_o the_o throne_n but_o also_o as_o a_o tie_n upon_o we_o that_o we_o shall_v never_o endeavour_v to_o drive_v he_o out_o again_o let_v he_o use_v we_o as_o he_o please_v so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v he_o may_v not_o make_v a_o absolute_a conquest_n of_o we_o now_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v in_o he_o or_o his_o son_n power_n to_o do_v it_o hereafter_o if_o ever_o king_n james_n his_o son_n shall_v go_v about_o to_o shake_v of_o that_o yoke_n when_o once_o the_o present_a obligation_n be_v forget_v or_o the_o near_a relation_n between_o the_o two_o king_n shall_v be_v far_o remove_v nor_o be_v what_o you_o say_v less_o precarious_a that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v for_o king_n lewis_n interest_n to_o destroy_v our_o liberty_n and_o make_v king_n james_n a_o absolute_a monarch_n because_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v then_o weak_a and_o more_o divided-then_a it_o be_v now_o by_o those_o jealousy_n and_o dispute_n we_o shall_v then_o 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command_n beside_o the_o constant_a solicitation_n of_o his_o confessor_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d order_n and_o principle_n of_o those_o of_o the_o french_a king_n to_o which_o holy_a father_n the_o protestant_a religion_n in_o france_n and_o savoy_n do_v chief_o owe_v its_o destruction_n to_o conclude_v let_v we_o suppose_v that_o king_n james_n shall_v now_o prevail_v in_o this_o war_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o irish_a army_n now_o raise_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o tirconnel_n can_v we_o â—â—pect_v better_a quarter_n if_o the_o king_n prevail_v by_o their_o arm_n and_o assistance_n then_o if_o they_o be_v entire_o french_a for_o have_v once_o conquer_a this_o nation_n it_o will_v not_o be_v in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o govern_v they_o so_o easy_o as_o you_o expect_v but_o be_v inveâ—â—â—te_a enemy_n to_o the_o english_a they_o will_v not_o only_o possess_v what_o estate_n they_o please_v of_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n in_o ireland_n but_o in_o england_n too_o which_o will_v be_v declare_v forfeit_v by_o their_o owner_n oppose_v of_o king_n james_n and_o then_o i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o to_o judge_n in_o what_o a_o condition_n we_o shall_v be_v in_o both_z as_o to_o our_o religion_n and_o civil_a liberty_n when_o the_o king_n shall_v come_v to_o be_v manage_v by_o man_n who_o be_v declare_v enemy_n to_o both_o neither_o will_v it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o those_o few_o moderate_a man_n either_o of_o the_o popish_a or_o protestanâ—_n religion_n who_o take_v king_n iame_n part_n to_o hinder_v it_o since_o the_o other_o party_n will_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o priest_n and_o jesuit_n and_o the_o interest_n of_o france_n run_v down_o all_o sober_a council_n and_o they_o will_v be_v but_o look_v upon_o but_o as_o trimmer_n at_o best_o that_o oppose_v
it_o but_o as_o for_o king_n james_n himself_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v of_o you_o what_o trust_v there_o can_v be_v put_v in_o he_o or_o what_o assurance_n he_o can_v give_v we_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o our_o religion_n and_o civil_a liberty_n more_o than_o the_o renew_n of_o those_o promise_n and_o that_o oath_n which_o he_o have_v already_o break_v this_o being_n most_o likely_a to_o be_v the_o consequence_n of_o thing_n if_o king_n james_n prevail_v i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o or_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v if_o what_o i_o have_v undertake_v to_o prove_v be_v not_o as_o clear_o make_v out_o as_o future_a thing_n be_v capable_a of_o and_o be_v sufficient_a to_o deter_v any_o man_n that_o love_v his_o religion_n or_o country_n from_o join_v in_o such_o pernicious_a design_n m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v make_v a_o long_a and_o tragical_a narration_n of_o the_o dreadful_a consequence_n that_o may_v follow_v both_o upon_o our_o religion_n and_o 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allegiance_n acknowledge_v or_o that_o not_o have_v take_v either_o oath_n yet_o otherwise_o know_v or_o believe_v that_o the_o true_a sovereign_a power_n in_o england_n to_o who_o natural_a allegiance_n be_v due_a be_v the_o king_n his_o heir_n and_o lawful_a successor_n can_v without_o sin_v against_o his_o conscience_n take_v any_o new_a oath_n or_o do_v any_o other_o act_n whereby_o to_o transfer_v his_o allegiance_n from_o the_o king_n or_o his_o heir_n to_o any_o other_o party_n who_o have_v no_o right_a to_o it_o and_o thereby_o put_v himself_o into_o a_o incapacity_n of_o perform_v the_o duty_n of_o his_o bind_a allegiance_n to_o his_o lawful_a sovereign_n when_o it_o may_v appear_v to_o be_v useful_a and_o serviceable_a to_o he_o this_o be_v the_o express_a opinion_n of_o the_o learned_a bishop_n sanderson_n in_o his_o case_n of_o conscience_n concern_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o take_v the_o engagement_n which_o though_o he_o do_v not_o think_v absolute_o unlawful_a because_o it_o may_v be_v interpret_v in_o a_o dubious_a and_o qualify_a sense_n without_o abjure_v the_o king_n lawful_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o can_v this_o new_a oath_n be_v take_v in_o the_o like_o doubtful_a sense_n because_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v the_o word_n in_o the_o oath_n be_v to_o bear_v true_a allegiance_n to_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n will_v be_v indeed_o a_o transfer_v of_o our_o allegiance_n from_o our_o lawful_a prince_n to_o other_o which_o be_v absolute_o unlawful_a f._n i_o be_o somewhat_o please_v to_o see_v you_o be_v so_o far_o come_v off_o from_o your_o bigotry_n as_o not_o to_o think_v yourself_o bind_v to_o assist_v for_o the_o restore_a king_n james_n as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v no_o otherwise_o to_o be_v do_v but_o by_o the_o evident_a destruction_n of_o our_o religion_n and_o civil_a liberty_n but_o yet_o you_o say_v you_o can_v take_v the_o oath_n because_o it_o be_v bishop_n sanderson_n opinion_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o our_o best_a lawyer_n that_o allegiance_n be_v perpetual_a and_o untransferrable_a to_o another_o whilst_o the_o king_n or_o his_o heir_n be_v in_o be_v which_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o speak_v as_o a_o lawyer_n since_o it_o may_v well_o be_v prove_v from_o this_o statute_n as_o from_o the_o constant_a practice_n before_o that_o time_n that_o allegiance_n be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la and_o that_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o ivth_o but_o to_o speak_v of_o this_o matter_n either_o as_o a_o civilian_n or_o a_o divine_a i_o think_v we_o be_v free_v from_o the_o former_a oath_n both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o law_n of_o god_n for_o as_o for_o natural_a allegiance_n by_o which_o you_o suppose_v a_o man_n be_v indispensable_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n in_o who_o territory_n he_o be_v bear_v and_o that_o as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v i_o can_v by_o â—o_o mean_v understand_v that_o be_v bear_v in_o a_o country_n make_v one_o a_o subject_a for_o all_o his_o life_n to_o the_o government_n of_o that_o country_n or_o why_o be_v when_o bear_v in_o a_o country_n it_z shall_v make_v one_o become_v a_o subject_a more_o than_o be_v in_o the_o same_o country_n at_o another_o time_n 49._o beside_o common_a experience_n show_v this_o to_o be_v false_a because_o whoever_o be_v bear_v in_o a_o country_n where_o his_o parent_n be_v foreigner_n may_v as_o it_o be_v allow_v by_o all_o leave_v that_o country_n when_o he_o please_v but_o perhaps_o iâ—_n may_v be_v say_v he_o be_v a_o subject_a to_o that_o prince_n where_o his_o parent_n be_v bear_v but_o what_o if_o they_o be_v bear_v under_o the_o same_o circumstance_n or_o suppose_v his_o parent_n be_v of_o different_a country_n as_o if_o a_o dutch_a woman_n and_o a_o english_a man_n have_v a_o child_n in_o france_n since_o france_n do_v not_o pretend_v to_o he_o which_o of_o the_o nation_n can_v claim_v he_o for_o their_o subject_n or_o must_v he_o be_v divide_v so_o that_o i_o can_v see_v nothing_o at_o all_o in_o this_o notion_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n that_o can_v oblige_v any_o body_n in_o conscience_n to_o observe_v it_o m._n if_o then_o natural_a allegiance_n signify_v nothing_o pâ—â—y_v tell_v i_o be_v no_o body_n oblige_v to_o obey_v the_o king_n or_o not_o to_o plot_v against_o he_o until_o he_o have_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o contrary_a this_o will_v make_v mad_a work_n indeed_o and_o upon_o these_o principle_n no_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o obey_v the_o king_n or_o his_o law_n and_o not_o to_o conspire_v against_o his_o person_n or_o government_n until_o he_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n so_o that_o three_o part_n of_o four_o of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v absolute_o free_a from_o this_o great_a duty_n f._n no_o sir_n you_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v since_o i_o think_v i_o can_v found_v allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n and_o government_n upon_o a_o much_o firm_a foundation_n than_o that_o of_o be_v bear_v his_o subject_n that_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o suppose_v that_o our_o obligation_n commence_v from_o our_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n that_o though_o i_o think_v it_o may_v serve_v to_o enforce_v our_o former_a obligation_n to_o our_o king_n and_o country_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o super-induce_a any_o new_a obligation_n thereunto_o for_o indeed_o our_o obligation_n to_o any_o particular_a government_n may_v be_v make_v out_o from_o much_o sure_a principle_n viz._n that_o every_o person_n though_o he_o be_v bear_v free_a yet_o be_v he_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o his_o own_o safety_n oblige_v to_o part_n with_o his_o liberty_n and_o put_v himself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o some_o government_n 49._o nor_o can_v he_o be_v
secure_a in_o what_o he_o enjoy_v but_o by_o it_o nor_o can_v he_o have_v a_o right_a in_o a_o country_n that_o be_v already_o possess_v to_o property_n but_o by_o own_v the_o government_n of_o that_o country_n and_o when_o by_o enjoy_v the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o subject_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n he_o have_v own_a himself_o a_o member_n of_o it_o and_o a_o subject_a to_o its_o government_n he_o be_v then_o bind_v to_o maintain_v this_o government_n and_o also_o the_o king_n that_o administer_v it_o from_o a_o double_a obligation_n the_o one_o particular_a in_o respect_n of_o himself_o and_o that_o protection_n he_o receive_v from_o he_o the_o other_o more_o universal_a proceed_n from_o that_o duty_n which_o be_v incumbent_n upon_o every_o particular_a subject_n to_o maintain_v the_o peace_n and_o happiness_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o long_o as_o he_o continue_v a_o member_n thereof_o so_o that_o he_o be_v bind_v never_o to_o disturb_v it_o as_o long_o as_o the_o 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money_n or_o else_o because_o they_o happen_v to_o drop_v from_o their_o damâ—_n upon_o his_o ground_n from_o what_o have_v be_v here_o speak_v i_o think_v we_o may_v deduce_v this_o general_a conclusion_n that_o every_o ordinary_a subject_n who_o enjoy_v the_o common_a benefit_n and_o protection_n of_o any_o government_n iâ—_n bind_v in_o gratitude_n not_o only_o to_o obey_v it_o but_o also_o to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o it_o during_o the_o time_n he_o live_v under_o it_o and_o be_v bind_v likewise_o not_o to_o conspire_v against_o it_o and_o therefore_o that_o oath_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o nature_n of_o allegiance_n or_o make_v it_o due_a where_o it_o be_v not_o before_o or_o any_o way_n extend_v it_o but_o only_o add_v a_o new_a tie_n to_o pay_v that_o allegiance_n which_o be_v due_a upon_o the_o account_n of_o protection_n he_o that_o live_v under_o a_o government_n though_o he_o have_v not_o swear_v to_o it_o owâ—_n it_o the_o same_o allegiance_n as_o he_o that_o have_v and_o if_o he_o shall_v deny_v his_o allegiance_n to_o it_o will_v be_v equal_o guilty_a of_o treason_n though_o not_o of_o perjury_n it_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o universal_a practice_n of_o mankind_n that_o no_o subject_n ever_o think_v themselves_o oblige_v by_o those_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n which_o all_o government_n have_v constant_o impose_v on_o they_o when_o they_o can_v not_o be_v protect_v by_o they_o and_o that_o this_o failure_n of_o protection_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o any_o fault_n in_o the_o whole_a nation_n or_o people_n themselves_o and_o this_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o common_a and_o constant_a practice_n of_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o europe_n for_o who_o do_v not_o know_v that_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n last_o conquest_n in_o flanders_n have_v be_v force_v to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o though_o they_o be_v satisfy_v that_o his_o title_n be_v unjust_a and_o that_o their_o natural_a sovereign_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n to_o who_o they_o have_v former_o swear_v allegiance_n be_v still_o live_v we_o have_v have_v also_o a_o late_a example_n of_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o hâ—lsâ—ein_n goâ—torp_n who_o have_v both_o his_o person_n take_v prisoner_n and_o his_o territory_n unjust_o seize_v upon_o by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n the_o subject_n of_o the_o say_a duke_n be_v force_v to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n notwithstanding_o their_o former_a oath_n to_o their_o master_n nor_o do_v our_o modern_a casuist_n as_o i_o know_v of_o blame_v they_o for_o so_o do_v and_o why_o the_o people_n of_o england_n shall_v be_v tie_v to_o hard_a term_n than_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o europe_n i_o wish_v you_o can_v give_v i_o a_o sufficient_a reason_n since_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o england_n wherein_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o people_n have_v a_o share_n be_v presume_v to_o recede_v as_o little_a as_o possible_a from_o natural_a equity_n and_o therefore_o design_n by_o impose_v such_o oath_n 55._o only_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o the_o civil_a society_n who_o interest_n it_o be_v that_o they_o who_o have_v the_o public_a administration_n of_o affair_n shall_v not_o be_v disturb_v but_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o material_a to_o that_o end_n whether_o this_o or_o that_o man_n have_v this_o power_n provide_v they_o be_v well_o manage_v nor_o can_v it_o without_o the_o great_a absurdity_n be_v suppose_v that_o such_o number_n of_o man_n as_o society_n be_v compose_v of_o who_o be_v by_o nature_n equal_a shall_v oblige_v themselves_o by_o the_o most_o solemn_a tie_n to_o become_v most_o miserable_a by_o live_v without_o protection_n nay_o to_o lose_v even_o their_o life_n rather_o than_o own_o the_o government_n that_o can_v and_o do_v protect_v they_o for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o such_o a_o extraordinary_a fondness_n to_o this_o or_o that_o person_n or_o family_n as_o to_o fancy_v to_o be_v inseparable_a from_o he_o not_o to_o the_o necessary_n or_o real_a conveniency_n of_o life_n but_o only_o a_o office_n for_o government_n be_v no_o other_o which_o be_v but_o a_o imaginary_a happiness_n i_o grant_v therefore_o that_o people_n shall_v be_v true_a to_o those_o that_o have_v the_o present_a administration_n of_o civil_a affair_n be_v all_o that_o all_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n require_v and_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o intent_n of_o it_o that_o the_o late_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n require_v no_o more_o and_o to_o extend_v it_o far_o than_o the_o king_n in_o be_v be_v not_o reconcilable_a with_o the_o reason_n end_n and_o design_n of_o pay_v obedience_n which_o be_v the_o peace_n and_o happiness_n of_o the_o civil_a society_n which_o can_v never_o be_v maintain_v if_o people_n may_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o a_o single_a person_n disturb_v he_o that_o have_v the_o administration_n of_o their_o common_a affair_n and_o it_o will_v require_v impossibility_n because_o private_a person_n be_v incapable_a of_o pay_v allegiance_n to_o a_o king_n when_o out_o of_o possession_n of_o the_o government_n m._n notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v say_v i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o convince_v you_o of_o divers_a great_a mistake_v you_o have_v now_o commit_v in_o this_o discourse_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n as_o also_o in_o the_o obligation_n we_o be_v under_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o king_n james._n for_o first_o as_o to_o natural_a allegiance_n you_o be_v very_o â—old_a to_o suppose_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n when_o all_o your_o law-book_n hold_v so_o express_o that_o there_o be_v i_o be_o sure_a this_o be_v to_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o fault_n for_o which_o you_o have_v already_o reprove_v i_o of_o be_v wise_a than_o the_o law_n you_o be_v also_o much_o mistake_v to_o suppose_v that_o this_o natural_a allegiance_n mere_o spring_v from_o hence_o 15._o that_o the_o person_n oblige_v by_o it_o be_v only_o such_o as_o be_v bear_v within_o the_o king_n dominion_n for_o person_n bear_v without_o the_o realm_n may_v be_v also_o his_o natural_a subject_n as_o be_v the_o child_n of_o ambassador_n bear_v beyond_o sea_n and_o the_o child_n of_o alien_n bear_v within_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o therefore_o natural_a subject_n of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o the_o mere_a circumstance_n of_o birth_n do_v not_o alone_o entitle_v any_o one_o to_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o natural_a subject_n nor_o consequent_o bind_v he_o to_o all_o the_o duty_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n but_o it_o be_v therefore_o call_v natural_a in_o our_o law_n because_o as_o the_o best_a lawyer_n have_v affirm_v it_o be_v â—ounded_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o give_v the_o sovereign_a power_n a_o right_n to_o the_o allegiance_n of_o every_o one_o who_o be_v bear_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o it_o as_o every_o son_n be_v bear_v a_o subject_a to_o his_o parent_n
communion_n can_v depend_v upon_o the_o canonical_a or_o uncanonical_a deprivation_n of_o any_o bishop_n in_o england_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o consider_v these_o thing_n as_o a_o canon-lawyer_n and_o give_v i_o your_o answer_n if_o you_o can_v against_o the_o next_o time_n we_o meet_v and_o then_o tell_v i_o whether_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o threaten_a schism_n be_v so_o just_a and_o apparent_a that_o it_o be_v like_a to_o involve_v so_o many_o of_o the_o wise_a and_o most_o considerate_a of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n into_o open_a separation_n from_o the_o church_n as_o you_o suppose_v it_o will_v not_o but_o that_o i_o will_v grant_v there_o be_v many_o of_o the_o clergy_n of_o this_o opinion_n who_o as_o well_o out_o of_o conscience_n as_o for_o their_o own_o interest_n will_v be_v content_v to_o set_v up_o and_o encourage_v such_o a_o separation_n thereby_o to_o make_v themselves_o head_n of_o separate_a congregation_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o present_a benefice_n and_o employment_n upon_o their_o refusal_n of_o this_o oath_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o hear_v so_o much_o say_v upon_o this_o head_n before_o and_o if_o you_o can_v make_v out_o to_o i_o all_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v now_o instance_a in_o i_o know_v not_o but_o that_o i_o may_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n thou_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o ever_o you_o can_v show_v i_o that_o any_o bishop_n be_v deprive_v in_o england_n by_o the_o mere_a lay_v authority_n of_o the_o king_n and_o a_o great_a council_n or_o convention_n of_o the_o laity_n whilst_o they_o continue_v of_o the_o same_o church-communion_n with_o those_o bishop_n for_o as_o to_o your_o instance_n of_o the_o popish_a bishop_n deprive_v by_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n i_o doubt_v you_o will_v find_v it_o do_v not_o come_v up_o to_o the_o point_n in_o question_n since_o the_o queen_n and_o parliament_n have_v then_o new_o declare_v themselves_o protestant_n do_v not_o own_v they_o for_o true_a and_o orthodox_n bishop_n and_o consequent_o think_v they_o may_v just_o depart_v from_o their_o communion_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o account_n may_v deprive_v they_o and_o the_o queen_n may_v then_o nominate_v other_o of_o their_o own_o religion_n in_o their_o place_n f._n i_o can_v but_o differ_v from_o you_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o fack_o as_o you_o now_o relate_v it_o part._n for_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o the_o parliament_n be_v when_o they_o make_v this_o act_n so_o far_o from_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o outward_a communion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n that_o mass_n be_v then_o say_v and_o the_o romish_a priest_n still_o continue_v in_o all_o the_o parish_n and_o church_n of_o england_n and_o yet_o they_o still_o maintain_v a_o outward_a communion_n though_o their_o bishop_n be_v deprive_v by_o the_o civil_a â—ower_n and_o other_o ordain_v in_o their_o stead_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a the_o papist_n themselves_o have_v then_o no_o notion_n of_o this_o new_a cause_n of_o schism_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o bishop_n be_v uncanonical_o deprive_v nor_o indeed_o can_v we_o well_o vindicate_v the_o honour_n or_o legality_n of_o our_o reformation_n if_o the_o protestant_a bishop_n who_o succeed_v in_o the_o place_n of_o those_o who_o be_v thus_o deprive_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v canonical_a because_o their_o predecessor_n deprive_v by_o the_o lay_v power_n be_v still_o alive_a but_o admit_v this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o ever_o it_o have_v be_v thus_o practise_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v then_o reasonable_a and_o do_v upon_o good_a ground_n i_o can_v see_v but_o when_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o church_n and_o state_n require_v it_o and_o that_o the_o clergy_n in_o convocation_n be_v so_o wilful_a and_o wed_v to_o some_o old_a false_a notion_n as_o not_o to_o consult_v the_o peace_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o church_n and_o kingdom_n why_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n who_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v supreme_a over_o ecclesiastical_a as_o well_o as_o temporal_a person_n may_v not_o together_o with_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n make_v the_o like_a law_n now_o as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o first_o of_o queen_n elizabeth_n for_o a_o less_o matter_n for_o none_o of_o those_o popish_a bishop_n though_o they_o believe_v queen_n elizabeth_n to_o have_v no_o better_o than_o a_o parliament_n title_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o ever_o deny_v she_o to_o be_v their_o lawful_a and_o rightful_a queen_n only_o they_o will_v not_o own_v her_o supremacy_n in_o spiritual_a matter_n but_o leave_v the_o far_a discussion_n of_o this_o point_n to_o those_o who_o better_a understand_v it_o i_o will_v glad_o know_v of_o you_o what_o you_o intend_v to_o do_v and_o what_o you_o will_v have_v we_o do_v who_o be_v like_a to_o be_v make_v deputy_n lieutenant_n and_o justice_n of_o peace_n for_o if_o as_o you_o yourself_o allow_v there_o be_v a_o necessity_n that_o some_o civil_a government_n be_v maintain_v during_o king_n james_n absence_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v of_o you_o how_o it_o can_v be_v manage_v and_o who_o shall_v manage_v it_o in_o case_n all_o the_o gentleman_n of_o england_n be_v of_o your_o principle_n and_o shall_v positive_o refuse_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o their_o present_a majesty_n for_o if_o king_n james_n be_v never_o so_o much_o our_o lawful_a king_n it_o be_v not_o now_o possible_a for_o we_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o he_o since_o he_o be_v goâ—e_n and_o god_n know_v whether_o ever_o he_o may_v return_v again_o since_o than_o you_o can_v have_v he_o if_o you_o will_v and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n we_o shall_v be_v govern_v by_o some_o body_n and_o since_o it_o be_v also_o as_o certain_a that_o those_o who_o actual_o govern_v we_o will_v exact_v this_o or_o the_o like_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n from_o we_o as_o be_v due_a to_o their_o predecessor_n and_o that_o no_o man_n must_v expect_v to_o enjoy_v or_o execute_v any_o place_n or_o office_n not_o only_o of_o profit_n but_o of_o burden_n and_o charge_n for_o the_o necessary_a execution_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o maintenance_n of_o civil_a government_n without_o which_o we_o can_v live_v or_o subsist_v without_o take_v this_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n as_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o qualify_v they_o for_o it_o if_o then_o the_o end_n viz._n civil_a government_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o the_o take_n of_o this_o oath_n be_v the_o only_a mean_n allow_v of_o to_o qualify_v man_n for_o it_o this_o seem_v as_o evident_a to_o i_o that_o take_v of_o this_o oath_n be_v not_o only_o justifiable_a by_o law_n but_o by_o reason_n and_o good_a conscience_n since_o it_o be_v do_v for_o the_o high_a and_o noble_a end_n viz._n the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a nation_n or_o common_a wealth_n which_o you_o grant_v can_v subsist_v without_o some_o kind_n of_o civil_a government_n among_o we_o m._n i_o will_v say_v something_o in_o answer_n to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o allege_v concern_v the_o necessity_n of_o take_v of_o the_o oath_n in_o order_n to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o some_o civil_a government_n without_o which_o i_o grant_v the_o king_n good_a subject_n can_v subsist_v till_o his_o return_n since_o i_o confess_v this_o be_v the_o strong_a argument_n you_o have_v yet_o bring_v all_o i_o can_v say_v to_o it_o at_o present_a it_z that_o if_o all_o your_o country_n gentleman_n and_o all_o the_o lawyer_n in_o england_n will_v be_v so_o firm_a in_o their_o loyalty_n to_o his_o majesty_n as_o unanimous_o to_o declare_v that_o they_o can_v take_v this_o oath_n with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n the_o consequence_n than_o will_v be_v that_o either_o the_o present_a usurp_v power_n must_v be_v force_v to_o give_v up_o the_o government_n to_o the_o right_a owner_n or_o else_o they_o must_v at_o least_o desist_v from_o press_v this_o oath_n upon_o you_o f._n you_o know_v well_o enough_o this_o be_v altogether_o a_o vain_a supposition_n since_o you_o can_v but_o be_v sensible_a that_o their_o majesty_n have_v not_o only_o a_o sufficient_a force_n both_o of_o native_a englishman_n and_o foreigner_n on_o their_o side_n who_o can_v force_v those_o that_o shall_v make_v any_o opposition_n to_o the_o take_v it_o and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o many_o fanatic_n and_o commonwealth_n man_n who_o not_o look_v upon_o themselves_o as_o at_o all_o oblige_v by_o your_o notion_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n and_o the_o obligation_n of_o any_o former_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n will_v get_v into_o all_o the_o office_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n and_o destruction_n not_o only_o of_o the_o church_n but_o the_o monarchy_n itself_o which_o be_v as_o yet_o preserve_v though_o the_o person_n
8._o p._n 580_o 581._o w._n all_o burrough_n that_o send_v member_n ancient_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n d._n 8._o p._n 557_o 578._o w._n they_o send_v such_o member_n by_o a_o inherent_a right_n or_o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o sheriff_n ib._n p._n 593._o 604._o c_o cain_n w._n he_o forfeit_v his_o birthright_n by_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o brother_n d._n 2._o p._n 67._o w._n his_o elder_a son_n be_v a_o prince_n over_o his_o brethren_n ib._n canon_n of_o 1640._o their_o validity_n discuss_v d._n 4._o p._n 284._o to_o 286._o king_n charles_n the_o first_o pretend_v commission_n to_o sir_n philim_n o_o neal_n consider_v d._n 9_o p._n 636_o 637._o great_a charter_n of_o king_n johnâ—_n w._n it_o be_v the_o sole_a act_n of_o that_o king_n or_o else_o make_v by_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n d._n 5._o p._n 324._o d._n 7._o p._n 455_o 456._o great_a charter_n of_o hen._n the_o three_o w._n all_o the_o copy_n we_o have_v now_o of_o it_o be_v he_o or_o else_o edward_n i._o his_o charter_n ib._n 461._o child_n how_o far_o and_o how_o long_o bind_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o parent_n d._n 1._o p._n 45._o to_o 52._o christian_n w._n as_o much_o oblige_v to_o suffer_v for_o religion_n now_o as_o in_o the_o primitive_a time_n d._n 4â—_n p._n 230._o to_o 234._o chester_n its_o county_n w._n the_o earl_n thereof_o can_v charge_v all_o his_o tenant_n in_o parliament_n without_o their_o consent_n d._n 7._o p._n 501._o church_n of_o england_n w._n passive_a obedience_n be_v its_o distinguish_a doctrine_n from_o other_o church_n d._n 4._o p._n 292_o 293._o city_n and_o burrough_n more_o numerous_a in_o the_o saxon_a time_n than_o now_o d._n 6._o p._n 379._o to_o 400._o w._n they_o have_v any_o representative_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o iiid_n d._n 5._o p._n 565_o 572._o whether_o city_n and_o burrough_n have_v not_o always_o have_v representative_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n d._n 7._o p._n 505._o clerici_fw-la terras_fw-la habentes_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a who_o they_o be_v d._n 7._o p._n 450.451_o clergy_n a_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o long_o after_o d._n 8._o p._n 544_o to_o 550._o w._n none_o of_o the_o clergy_n but_o such_o as_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la appear_v at_o such_o council_n ibid._n w._n the_o inferior_a clergy_n have_v their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n different_a from_o the_o convocation_n ib._n 546_o to_o 558._o commandment_n vth_o in_o what_o sense_n prince_n be_v comprehend_v under_o it_o d._n 2._o p._n 106._o to_o 109_o &_o 111._o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la w._n that_o phrase_n in_o ancient_a record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v not_o often_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o well_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o as_o afterward_o d._n 7._o p._n 412_o to_o 415._o w._n that_o phrase_n do_v not_o also_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o peer_n and_o commons_o d._n 6._o p._n 416._o the_o drs._n proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n consider_v 417_o to_o 423._o w._n it_o do_v also_o often_o signify_v the_o commons_o alone_o d._n 8._o p._n 572._o to_o 574._o their_o declaration_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o 48th_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o d._n 8._o p._n 581_o to_o 582._o their_o petition_n to_o henry_n the_o five_o their_o protestation_n in_o parliament_n in_o richard_n the_o second_o time_n 584._o commons_o of_o city_n and_o great_a town_n have_v their_o representative_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n found_v by_o the_o ancient_a german_n and_o goth_n ibid_fw-la 607_o to_o 612._o commons_o their_o request_n and_o consent_n when_o first_o mention_v in_o old_a statute_n d._n 5._o p._n 329._o w._n ever_o summon_v to_o parliament_n from_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n the_o three_o to_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n the_o first_o d._n 7._o p._n 522._o commons_o w._n part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n before_o the_o conquest_n d._n 5._o p._n 369_o 372._o the_o word_n commune_v de_fw-la commune_fw-la &_o les_fw-fr commune_v do_v frequent_o signify_v the_o commons_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 6._o 423._o d._n 7._o 423_o to_o 484._o common-council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n w._n different_a from_o the_o common-council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la d._n 7._o p._n 437._o to_o 474._o communitas_fw-la scotiae_fw-la w._n it_o always_o signify_v none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ibid._n p._n 505._o to_o 508._o conquest_n alone_a w._n it_o confer_v a_o right_a to_o a_o crown_n d._n 2._o p._n 128_o 129._o w._n it_o it_o give_v a_o king_n a_o right_n to_o all_o the_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o conquer_a kingom_n d._n 3._o 168._o to_o 170._o w._n any_o conquest_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v make_v by_o king_n william_n the_o first_o d._n 10._o p._n 715._o to_o the_o end_n constitution_n of_o clarendon_n their_o title_n explain_v d._n 6._o p._n 430_o 431._o contract_v originel_n w._n there_o be_v ever_o any_o such_o thing_n d._n 10_o p._n 695_o to_o 709._o d._n 12._o p._n 809_o 8â—3_n convention_n w._n its_o vote_v king_n james_n to_o have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n be_v justifiable_a d._n 11._o p._n 809_o to_o 834._o w._n its_o declaration_n of_o king_n james_n violation_n of_o our_o fundamental_a right_n be_v well_o ground_v ibid._n p._n 816_o 832._o w._n it_o be_v vote_v the_o throne_n vacant_a can_v be_v justify_v from_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n d._n 12._o p._n 839_o to_o 883._o w._n whether_o its_o place_n k._n w._n and_o q._n m._n on_o the_o throne_n may_v be_v also_o justify_v by_o the_o say_a constitution_n ibid._n p._n 883_o to_o 894._o w._n it_o be_v make_v a_o act_n exclude_v all_o roman_n catholic_n prince_n be_v legal_a ibid._n p._n 894_o to_o the_o end_n convocation_n book_n draw_v up_o by_o bishop_n overal_n its_o validity_n examine_v d._n 1._o p._n 6_o &_o 8._o copy_n holder_n why_o they_o to_o have_v no_o vote_n at_o election_n to_o parliament_n d._n 5._o p._n 513._o great_a council_n or_o convention_n the_o only_a judge_n of_o prince_n title_n upon_o any_o dispute_n about_o the_o succession_n or_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n d._n 12._o p._n 895._o d._n 13._o p._n 917._o to_o 919_o 924._o council_n of_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n what_o it_o be_v ancient_o d._n 5._o p._n 334._o great_a council_n or_o general_a convention_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n w._n legal_a without_o the_o king_n summons_n d._n 5._o p._n 353._o d._n 12._o p._n 894._o to_o 898._o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la what_o iâ—_n ancient_o be_v and_o w._n it_o consist_v of_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ibid._n 368._o crown_n w._n it_o can_v by_o law_n be_v ever_o forfeit_v d._n 12._o p._n 833_o 834._o d_o defence_n of_o a_o man_n self_n in_o what_o case_n justifiable_a d._n 3._o p._n 148_o 149._o declaration_n of_o the_o convention_n set_v forth_o king_n james_n violation_n of_o the_o fundamental_a right_n of_o the_o nation_n w._n justifiable_a or_o not_o d._n 11._o p._n 816._o to_o the_o end_n private_a divine_n their_o opiâ—nions_n about_o passive_a obedience_n and_o resistance_n of_o what_o authority_n d._n 4._o p._n 291_o 294._o w._n many_o of_o they_o have_v not_o quit_v the_o ancient_a doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n declare_v the_o pope_n to_o be_v antichrist_n vid._n append._n dispence_v power_n w._n justifiable_a by_o law_n d._n 12._o p._n 119_o to_o 828._o dissolution_n of_o all_o government_n w._n it_o necessary_o follow_v from_o the_o convention_n declaration_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n d._n 12._o p._n 890_o 891._o durham_n w._n its_o bishop_n can_v lay_v tax_n in_o parliament_n on_o the_o whole_a county_n palatine_n without_o their_o consent_n d._n 7._o p._n 501_o 502._o e_o earl_n of_o county_n their_o ancient_a office_n and_o institution_n d._n 5_o p._n 363_o to_o 370._o king_n edward_n the_o second_o be_v depose_v w._n any_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n follow_v thereupon_o d._n 12._o p._n 158_o to_o 861._o queen_n elizabeth_z w._n she_o have_v any_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n ibid._n p_o 872_o 873._o england_n when_o first_o so_o call_v d._n 5._o p._n 362._o englishman_n w._n they_o lose_v all_o their_o liberty_n and_o estate_n by_o the_o norman_a conquest_n d._n 10._o p._n 753._o to_o the_o end_n english_a bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n w._n then_o all_o deprive_v of_o their_o honour_n and_o estate_n ib._n 756_o to_o 762._o english_a saxon_n law_n w._n confirm_v or_o abrogate_a by_o k._n william_n d._n 10._o p._n 760._o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n
the_o only_a judge_n of_o all_o dispute_n about_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n d._n 2._o p._n 891_o to_o 892._o d._n 12._o p._n 893._o d._n 13._o p._n 917_o to_o 919_o 921._o eve_n w._n by_o be_v subject_n to_o adam_n all_o her_o posterity_n become_v so_o likewise_o d._n 1._o p._n 14._o to_o 25._o f_o father_n w._n by_o right_a of_o generation_n or_o of_o education_n lord_n over_o their_o child_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n d._n 1_o p._n 13_o 14._o w._n any_o such_o power_n be_v give_v by_o divine_a grant_n to_o adam_n and_o in_o he_o to_o all_o other_o father_n ib._n p._n 26_o 30_o to_o 36._o w._n father_n of_o family_n have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o their_o child_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n ib._n 19_o to_o 26._o w._n they_o may_v sell_v their_o child_n ib._n 26._o to_o 31._o w._n they_o may_v be_v resist_v by_o their_o child_n in_o case_n of_o any_o violent_a assault_n upon_o their_o life_n ib._n p._n 41._o w._n perpetual_a master_n over_o their_o child_n as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v ib_a p._n 45._o to_o 51._o fideles_fw-la the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n before_o the_o conquest_n d._n 6._o p._n 390_o 391._o d._n 7._o p._n 448._o to_o 451._o sir_n r._n filmer_n principles_n w._n they_o do_v not_o rather_o encourage_v tyranny_n than_o fatherly_a affection_n in_o prince_n towards_o their_o subject_n d._n 2._o p._n 118._o w._n they_o do_v not_o also_o favour_v usurper_n ib._n 125._o to_o 128._o g_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n the_o main_a design_n of_o all_o government_n d._n 1._o p._n 55._o to_o 61._o civil_a government_n the_o end_n of_o its_o institution_n d._n 1._o p._n 11._o 19_o 21._o w._n there_o have_v be_v any_o necessity_n of_o it_o if_o man_n have_v never_o sin_v ib._n p._n 11._o what_o it_o be_v and_o its_o prerogative_n d._n 3._o p._n 173._o w._n it_o can_v be_v settle_v without_o liberty_n and_o property_n in_o estate_n ib._n 174._o government_n of_o family_n and_o kingdom_n its_o original_a and_o necessity_n d._n 1._o p._n 10._o to_o 12._o supreme_a governor_n in_o what_o case_n they_o cease_v to_o be_v god_n ordinance_n d._n 1._o p._n 41._o government_n among_o the_o ancient_a german_n and_o saxon_n always_o by_o common_a council_n d._n 5._o p._n 365._o to_o 369._o grands_fw-fr or_o grant_n in_o parliament_n what_o those_o word_n signify_v in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n w._n the_o lord_n alone_o or_o the_o commons_o also_o d._n 6._o p._n 369._o vid._n append._n guard_n of_o the_o king_n when_o when_o first_o set_v up_o d._n 9_o p._n 639._o h_o k._n harold_n w._n william_n of_o normandy_n have_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o d._n 10_o p._n 718._o what_o title_n he_o have_v to_o the_o crown_n ib._n p._n 720._o haereditamentum_fw-la its_o derivation_n ib._n p._n 721._o hengist_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n who_o found_v the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n w._n so_o by_o election_n or_o conquest_n d._n 5._o p._n 357._o to_o 362._o king_n henry_n the_o ivth_o w._n his_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v by_o right_a of_o blood_n or_o election_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n d._n 12._o p._n 861._o to_o 863._o king_n henry_n the_o vi_o w._n his_o son_n be_v not_o unjust_o disinherit_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n and_o himself_o unjust_o depose_v by_o edward_n the_o ivth_o ib._n p._n 863._o to_o 867._o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o w._n he_o have_v any_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n ib._n p._n 868._o to_o 870._o king_n henry_n the_o viiith_o w._n the_o several_a alteration_n he_o make_v as_o to_o the_o the_o succession_n be_v legal_a d._n 12._o p._n 871_o 872._o homage_n w._n it_o render_v the_o prince_n or_o lord_n irresistible_a d._n 10._o p._n 727.728_o homines_fw-la liberi_fw-la its_o signification_n in_o english_a history_n d._n 6._o p._n 428._o to_o 430._o homily_n of_o our_o church_n the_o the_o chief_a passage_n therein_o against_o all_o manner_n of_o resistance_n of_o governor_n consider_v d._n 4._o p._n 287.288_o w._n it_o be_v heresy_n or_o schism_n to_o deny_v their_o authority_n in_o any_o point_n there_o lay_v down_o ib._n 289.290_o vid._n append._n mr._n hooker_n opinion_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o civil_a government_n d._n 12._o p._n 129.130_o w._n the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n or_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o england_n have_v any_o coercive_a power_n ove_fw-la the_o king_n d._n 9_o p._n 634._o w._n the_o two_o house_n have_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n renounce_v all_o right_n of_o self-defence_n in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o ib._n p._n 636._o to_o 658._o i_o king_n james_n the_o first_o speech_n in_o parliament_n against_o tyranny_n d._n 3._o p._n 148._o the_o act_n of_o recognition_n of_o k._n james_n hereditary_a right_n how_o far_o it_o oblige_v posterity_n d._n 12._o p._n 871_o to_o 874._o king_n james_n ii_o w._n he_o violatid_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n before_o his_o desertion_n d._n 9_o p._n 673._o to_o 685._o or_o w._n he_o have_v amend_v all_o those_o violation_n before_o his_o departure_n p._n 685._o to_o 689._o w._n his_o set_v up_o a_o stand_a army_n and_o put_v in_o popish_a officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v a_o actual_a make_v war_n upon_o the_o nation_n ib._n p._n 683.687_o w._n he_o abdicate_v the_o government_n by_o his_o breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n or_o else_o by_o his_o desert_v it_o d._n 11._o p._n 790._o to_o 799._o w._n he_o may_v have_v be_v again_o safe_o restore_v to_o the_o government_n upon_o reasonable_a term_n ib._n p._n 801._o to_o 807._o w._n he_o real_o intend_v to_o redress_v all_o the_o violation_n he_o have_v make_v upon_o it_o p._n 805._o to_o 807._o w._n he_o resume_v the_o government_n upon_o his_o return_n to_o london_n from_o feversham_n ib._n 802._o to_o 806._o jesus_n christ_n do_v not_o alter_v civil_a government_n neither_o by_o take_v away_o the_o prerogative_n of_o prince_n nor_o yet_o by_o abridge_n the_o civil_a liberty_n of_o subject_n d._n 4._o p._n 216._o to_o 220._o jew_n often_o rebel_v and_o sometime_o kill_v their_o king_n d._n 3._o p._n 203_o to_o 205._o their_o resistance_n of_o antiochus_n consider_v ibid._n p._n 208._o to_o the_o end_n jewish_a government_n before_o saul_n w._n aristocratical_a or_o monarchical_a d._n p._n 93._o to_o 101._o judah_n and_o thamar_n the_o history_n consider_v d._n 1._o p._n 33._o judge_n over_o israel_n their_o power_n w._n monarchical_a d._n 2._o p._n 95_o 96._o w._n some_o of_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n of_o some_o particular_a tribe_n p._n 96_o 97._o judgement_n divine_a w._n they_o may_v be_v remove_v by_o humane_a mean_n or_o force_n d._n 4._o p._n 259_o 260._o k_o king_n w._n to_o be_v repute_v father_n of_o their_o people_n as_o the_o heir_n or_o representative_n of_o those_o who_o be_v once_o so_o d._n 2._o p._n 65._o w._n they_o derive_v their_o power_n from_o god_n or_o from_o the_o people_n and_o law_n d._n 11._o p._n 773._o to_o 780._o d._n 12._o p._n 936_o to_o 938._o saxon_a king_n of_o england_n w._n absolute_a or_o limit_v prince_n d._n 5._o p._n 349._o w._n they_o be_v endue_v with_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n ib._n p._n 338_o to_o 345._o king_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n elect_v and_o often_o depose_v by_o the_o great_a council_n ibid._n p._n 365._o the_o same_o do_v also_o in_o other_o kingdom_n of_o the_o gothic_a model_n ib._n p._n 365._o king_n of_o england_n ever_o since_o king_n william_n i._n w._n they_o derive_v their_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n from_o conquest_n or_o some_o other_o title_n d._n 10._o p._n 713._o their_o concession_n to_o subject_n do_v no_o way_n derogate_v from_o royal_a prerogative_n d._n 10._o p._n 715.716_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n w._n many_o of_o they_o have_v not_o observe_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o their_o coronation_n oath_n d._n 12.882.888_o king_n by_o sir_n r._n filmer_n principle_n above_o all_o law_n and_o alone_o make_v they_o d._n 2._o p._n 123.124_o in_o what_o sense_n he_o be_v head_n of_o the_o politic_a body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n d._n 11._o p._n 803._o to_o 805._o w._n he_o can_v have_v ancient_o by_o his_o prerogative_n tax_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o his_o discretion_n d._n 7._o p._n 495._o to_o 499._o w._n he_o can_v call_v or_o omit_v to_o summon_v to_o parliament_n what_o earl_n lord_n and_o tenant_n he_o please_v ibid._n p._n 505_o to_o 511.523_o w._n he_o can_v also_o summon_v those_o knight_n of_o shire_n who_o serve_v before_o without_o any_o new_a election_n ib._n 537._o w._n he_o can_v by_o his_o prerogative_n discharge_v what_o knight_n of_o shire_n he_o please_v after_o they_o be_v choose_v ibid._n
p._n 539.540_o king_n how_o far_o god_n lieutenant_n d._n 9_o p._n 663._o w._n his_o authority_n be_v different_a from_o his_o personal_a will_n and_o command_n ib._n p._n 645._o to_o 648._o his_o person_n how_o far_o sacred_a and_o inviolable_a ibid._n p._n 638.651_o to_o 657._o king_n commission_n how_o far_o and_o in_o what_o case_n resistible_a notwithstanding_o the_o declaration_n of_o of_o the_o two_o first_o parliament_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o ib._n p._n 636._o to_o 655._o w._n he_o have_v any_o authority_n to_o act_v against_o law_n ib._n p._n 644_o to_o 649._o king_n commission_n how_o far_o good_a in_o law_n ib._n p._n 640._o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n w._n endue_v with_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n d._n 5._o p._n 338_o to_o 345._o d._n 9_o p._n 650_o 651._o have_v no_o peer_n or_o equal_a in_o the_o kingdom_n d._n 5._o p._n 354._o his_o presence_n w._n it_o will_v authorise_v all_o illegal_a action_n so_o as_o to_o render_v they_o irresistible_a d._n 9_o p._n 653_o 654._o his_o officer_n in_o what_o case_n resistible_a ib._n the_o king_n be_v irresistible_a how_o far_o different_a from_o be_v unaccountable_a d._n 9_o p._n 644_o 645._o king_n of_o england_n w._n absolute_a and_o unaccountable_a or_o w._n limit_v by_o law_n d._n 10._o p._n 693_o to_o 698._o most_o high_a in_o their_o state-royal_a when_o they_o appear_v in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n d._n 9_o p._n 643._o the_o first_o eight_o king_n after_o the_o conquest_n never_o be_v so_o style_v till_o after_o their_o coronation_n d._n 12._o p._n 840._o to_o 858.895_o king_n though_o he_o have_v no_o peer_n yet_o he_o have_v ancient_o comites_fw-la or_o companion_n d._n 5._o p._n 364_o 365._o w._n he_o can_v at_o this_o day_n abdicate_v or_o forfeit_v his_o crown_n by_o the_o wilful_a violation_n of_o our_o fundamental_a law_n d._n 10._o p._n 694_o to_o 709._o d._n 11._o p._n 832_o 833._o kingly_a power_n the_o end_n of_o its_o institution_n in_o this_o kingdom_n d._n 5._o p._n 349._o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la or_o for_o the_o time_n be_v w._n within_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o whether_o allegiance_n be_v due_a to_o he_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o eleven_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o d._n 13._o p._n 905._o to_o 940._o what_o constitute_v a_o legal_a king_n in_o england_n d._n 12._o p._n 889_o 890._o kingdom_n of_o judah_n and_o israel_n w._n when_o give_v by_o god_n appointment_n it_o give_v the_o issue_n of_o that_o king_n a_o like_a divine_a right_o to_o succeed_v d._n 2._o p._n 99_o 100_o kingdom_n patrimonial_a and_o hereditary_a their_o difference_n ib._n 84_o 85._o knight_n of_o shire_n frequent_o style_v magnate_v and_o grantz_n in_o ancient_a record_n d._n 6._o p._n 424._o vid._n append._n w._n they_o be_v ancient_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o none_o other_o p._n 425._o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n w._n the_o first_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o they_o that_o can_v be_v find_v be_v the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 7._o p._n 519._o w._n this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o they_o be_v summon_v ibid._n p._n 525_o to_o 530._o w._n they_o be_v summon_v no_o more_o till_o the_o eighteen_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o ibid._n p._n 522._o to_o the_o end_n d._n 8._o p._n 559._o to_o 563._o p._n 571_o to_o 576._o l_o lancaster_n w._n that_o family_n pretend_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n claim_v by_o inheritance_n d._n 12._o p._n 861_o 862._o law_n how_o far_o they_o oblige_v prince_n according_a to_o sir_n r._n f_n principle_n d._n 2._o p._n 120_o 121._o law_n imperial_a of_o all_o goâ—vernments_n w._n they_o require_v a_o passive_a obedience_n or_o nonresistance_n in_o all_o case_n whatsoever_o d._n 3._o p._n 149.154_o law_n of_o nation_n w._n it_o differ_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n d._n 1._o p._n 26_o to_o 31._o law_n of_o english_a saxon_a council_n the_o title_n to_o most_o of_o they_o d._n 5._o p._n 314._o to_o 319._o law_n of_o normandy_n w._n the_o same_o in_o most_o thing_n with_o those_o of_o england_n d._n 10._o p._n 752.753_o law_n fundamental_a of_o the_o kingdom_n w._n there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n and_o where_o to_o be_v find_v d._n 9_o p._n 666._o to_o 669._o d._n 10._o p._n 704._o d._n 11._o p._n 810._o to_o 814._o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n concern_v the_o king_n cease_v to_o be_v so_o if_o he_o prove_v a_o tyrant_n and_o w._n it_o be_v genuine_a or_o not_o d._n 10._o p._n 705._o to_o 712._o private_a league_n with_o france_n what_o reason_n there_o be_v for_o and_o against_o its_o reality_n d._n 11._o p._n 800._o to_o 802._o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la and_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la mention_v in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n who_o they_o be_v ancient_o d._n 6._o p._n 419.426_o to_o 431._o w._n they_o be_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o choose_v by_o military_a service_n to_o they_o d._n 7._o p._n 449._o to_o 453.514_o m_o magna_n charta_n w._n obtain_v by_o rebellion_n d._n 3._o p._n 186._o magnates_n w._n the_o commons_o be_v not_o sometime_o comprehend_v under_o that_o title_n d._n 6._o p._n 372.396_o 397._o queen_n marry_o w._n she_o have_v any_o title_n save_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o d._n 12._o p._n 872._o our_o present_a queen_n mary_n w._n she_o have_v a_o right_a to_o succeed_v upon_o her_o father_n abdication_n ib._n p._n 853._o 884._o maud_n the_o empress_n why_o she_o never_o style_v herself_o queen_n of_o england_n notwithstanding_o fealty_n have_v be_v swear_v to_o she_o d._n 12._o p._n 846._o several_a maxim_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n consider_v and_o explain_v d._n 1._o p._n 17_o 18_o 21.30_o the_o ancient_a member_n of_o the_o german_a diet_n or_o great_a council_n d._n 6._o p._n 375._o the_o milites_fw-la mention_v in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n who_o they_o be_v d._n 6._o p._n 431_o 432._o w._n they_o be_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o any_o other_o tenant_n by_o military_a or_o socage_n service_n d._n 7._o p._n 481.489_o 490._o mischief_n that_o may_v befall_v a_o people_n from_o their_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n consider_v d._n 3._o p._n 184._o to_o 189._o monarchy_n w._n of_o divine_a right_n from_o any_o precept_n or_o example_n in_o the_o old_a or_o new_a testament_n d._n 2._o p._n 130_o 131._o or_o from_o adam_n patriarchical_a power_n d._n 1._o p._n 19_o to_o 26._o monarchy_n or_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v most_o tyrannical_a d._n 2._o p._n 110.111_o mix_v monarchy_n w._n it_o be_v a_o contradiction_n d._n 5._o p._n 345._o to_o 348._o sim._n montfort_n w._n he_o first_o call_v the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n in_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 8._o p._n 596.597_o moses_n and_o joshua_n w._n monarch_n over_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n and_o successor_n to_o the_o patriarchical_a power_n d._n 2._o p._n 92._o to_o 100_o multitudo_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n the_o signification_n of_o those_o word_n in_o our_o ancient_a history_n d._n 8._o p._n 569._o to_o 571._o n_o w._n a_o whole_a nation_n may_v resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o some_o case_n of_o extremity_n but_o not_o particular_a person_n d._n 3._o p._n 146._o to_o 150.161_o 162._o d._n 4._o p._n 236._o to_o 239.272_o to_o 275._o negative_a voice_n w._n the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n have_v it_o not_o in_o some_o case_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n d._n 5._o p._n 341._o noah_n w._n he_o be_v sole_a proprietor_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o be_v tenant_n in_o common_a with_o his_o own_o child_n d._n 1._o p._n 74_o 75._o w._n his_o grandson_n be_v all_o alike_a prince_n over_o their_o several_a family_n ib._n p._n 75._o to_o 81._o w._n from_o noah_n seven_o precept_n may_v be_v deduce_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n d._n 1._o p._n 36_o 37._o nobilis_fw-la &_o nobilitas_fw-la the_o several_a signification_n of_o those_o title_n d._n 6._o p._n 374_o 388.410_o w._n mere_a commoner_n be_v not_o often_o comprehend_v under_o the_o title_n of_o nobiles_fw-la ib._n 396_o 397._o non_fw-la obstantes_fw-la the_o clause_n when_o first_o insert_v in_o our_o king_n charter_n d._n 11._o p._n 820._o non_fw-fr resistance_n w._n the_o doctrine_n tend_v to_o make_v prince_n better_o or_o else_o more_o tyrannical_a to_o their_o subject_n d._n 2._o p._n 116_o 117._o normandy_n w._n its_o duke_n be_v absolute_a or_o limit_v prince_n d._n 10._o p._n 727._o o_o oath_n of_o the_o king_n at_o his_o coronation_n how_o far_o oblige_v according_a to_o sir_n f_n principle_n d._n 2._o p._n 122.123_o it_o be_v ancient_a form_n according_a to_o the_o mirour_n d._n 5.364_o w._n the_o take_v the_o coronation_n oath_n render_v the_o crown_n forfeitable_a if_o it_o
be_v not_o observe_v d._n 10._o p._n 699._o the_o form_n of_o the_o oath_n since_o the_o conquest_n ib._n p._n 711._o oath_n of_o allegiance_n its_o interpretation_n d._n 5._o p._n 350._o oath_n in_o the_o act_n for_o the_o militia_n of_o the_o 13_o and_o 14_o of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o their_o true_a intent_n and_o meaning_n consider_v d._n 9_o p._n 631._o to_o 635.659_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n w._n it_o may_v be_v take_v to_o their_o present_a majesty_n as_o king_n and_o queen_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la without_o acknowledgement_n of_o their_o right_n d._n 13._o p._n 903._o to_o 909._o how_o far_o it_o oblige_v the_o taker_n ibid._n p._n 907.908_o w._n due_a to_o the_o king_n in_o possession_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o protection_n ib._n p._n 949._o to_o 954._o promissory_a oath_n w._n lawful_a or_o not_o ib._n 954._o to_o 956._o w._n any_o other_o strict_a oath_n be_v necessary_a ib._n p._n 957._o to_o 963._o obedience_n passive_n w._n it_o be_v not_o a_o bull_n d._n 1._o p._n 41._o the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o that_o doctrine_n ib._n p._n 4._o to_o 9_o officer_n and_o soldier_n who_o desert_a king_n james_n w._n justifiable_a in_o so_o do_v d._n 11._o p._n 785_o to_o 787._o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la mention_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la w._n only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la d._n 7._o p._n 490_o to_o 494._o w._n the_o oppression_n of_o prince_n or_o the_o ambition_n &_o rebellion_n of_o subject_n have_v cause_v the_o great_a disturbance_n d._n 3._o p._n 182_o 183._o optimates_fw-la its_o ancient_a signification_n in_o history_n discuss_v d._n 6._o p._n 372_o to_o 376._o w._n it_o ever_o signify_v mere_a commoner_n 397._o orange_n w._n that_o prince_n make_v war_n upon_o king_n james_n be_v justifiable_a d._n 11._o p._n 781._o to_o 789._o w._n all_o his_o other_o carriage_n towards_o the_o say_a king_n be_v as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v ib._n p._n 789._o to_o 798._o original_a contract_n w._n there_o be_v ever_o any_o such_o thing_n and_o where_o to_o be_v â—ound_v d._n 10._o p._n 704_o 705._o d._n 11._o p._n 813.814_o w._n break_a by_o king_n james_n ib._n 809_o 810.813.814_o p_o pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la or_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la who_o they_o ancient_o be_v d._n 7._o p._n 509.511_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n w._n they_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o government_n or_o owe_v their_o original_a to_o some_o king_n favour_n d._n 5._o p._n 358_o to_o 365._o how_o often_o ancient_o hold_v d._n 9_o p._n 668_o d._n 5.363_o it_o be_v power_n when_o meet_v ib._n 364._o no_o law_n to_o be_v make_v or_o tax_n to_o be_v raise_v without_o it_o d._n 9_o p_o 668._o to_o have_v freedom_n of_o speech_n and_o not_o to_o be_v bribe_v or_o awe_v ibid._n paternal_a power_n not_o to_o be_v acquire_v by_o conquest_n etc._n etc._n d._n 2._o p._n 105_o 106._o patriarch_n before_o the_o flood_n w._n lord_n of_o all_o mankind_n or_o or_o master_n of_o their_o own_o family_n d._n 2._o p._n 70._o to_o 72._o st._n paul_n epistle_n to_o the_o roman_n when_o write_v d._n 4._o p._n 248_o to_o 250._o peer_n their_o power_n in_o parliament_n w._n derive_v from_o he_o king_n or_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n d._n 5._o p._n 366._o to_o the_o end_n person_n of_o prince_n w._n they_o may_v be_v resist_v without_o resist_v their_o authority_n d._n 4._o p._n 240._o to_o 244._o whether_o so_o in_o england_n d._n 10.653_o to_o 657._o people_n w._n the_o original_a of_o civil_a power_n assert_v by_o fortescue_n d._n 11._o p._n 779._o power_n râ—gal_n w._n paternal_a d._n 2._o p._n 101._o to_o 104._o people_n w._n they_o can_v judge_v when_o their_o fundamental_a right_n be_v invade_v d._n 9_o p._n 669_o 670._o w._n if_o they_o may_v judge_v they_o may_v also_o resist_v d._n 11._o p._n 780_o 781._o what_o number_n require_v to_o justify_v this_o resistance_n d._n 9_o p._n 669._o to_o 671._o power_n oeconomical_a w._n of_o the_o same_o kind_n with_o civil_a ibid._n p._n 59.62.64_o power_n over_o man_n life_n whence_o derive_v d._n 1._o p._n 35._o to_o 39.61_o power_n civil_a whence_o derive_v w._n immediate_o from_o god_n or_o from_o the_o people_n d._n 11._o p._n 773._o to_o 780._o power_n legislative_a w._n in_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n d._n 5._o p._n 312_o 313._o power_n of_o dispence_v with_o penal_a law_n w._n it_o be_v a_o inherent_a prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n d._n 11._o p._n 816._o to_o 830._o supreme_a power_n w._n irresistible_a because_o ordain_v by_o god_n d._n 4._o p._n 452._o to_o 460._o plebs_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la what_o those_o word_n ancient_o signify_v d._n 6._o p._n 386._o to_o 391._o d._n 8._o p._n 359._o to_o 364._o primitive_a christian_n w._n man_n be_v now_o oblige_v to_o the_o same_o strict_a rule_n of_o nonresistance_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o primitive_a time_n d._n 4._o p._n 272_o to_o 277._o divers_a of_o their_o resistance_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o greek_a emperor_n instance_a 280_o to_o 282._o primogeniture_n as_o a_o power_n over_o brethren_n w._n of_o divine_a right_n d._n 2._o p._n 81._o to_o 83._o prince_n w._n bind_v to_o treat_v their_o subject_n like_o their_o child_n d._n 2._o p._n 105._o to_o 110._o princepe_v regni_n its_o signification_n ancient_o d._n 6._o p._n 372.377.395.396_o w._n all_o the_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n english_a subject_n now_o enjoy_v be_v owe_v to_o the_o favour_n of_o our_o former_a king_n d._n 2._o p._n 112._o d._n 5._o p._n 320_o to_o 322.356.361_o 362._o prelate_n and_o peer_n claim_v their_o place_n in_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n d._n 8._o p._n 559_o to_o 564._o prescription_n beyond_o time_n of_o memory_n how_o high_a it_o go_v ibid._n 583_o to_o 593._o proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la its_o ancient_a signification_n d._n 6._o p._n 376._o w._n the_o commons_o be_v not_o often_o comprehend_v under_o that_o title_n ib._n 395_o 396._o d._n 8._o p._n 572._o protection_n of_o the_o government_n how_o far_o it_o may_v require_v allegiance_n to_o it_o d._n 13._o p._n 946_o to_o 952._o civil_a property_n w._n derive_v from_o adam_n or_o noah_n d._n 2._o p._n 133._o to_o 136._o provincia_n its_o ancient_a signification_n w._n a_o province_n or_o a_o county_n ibid._n 565_o to_o 569._o punishment_n for_o offence_n w._n alter_v and_o new_a one_o ordain_v by_o king_n william_n the_o first_o d._n 10._o p._n 759._o q_o queen_n often_o present_a in_o english_a saxon_a council_n d._n 6._o p._n 393._o r_o rebel_n w._n bind_v to_o make_v their_o lawful_a prince_n amends_o by_o restore_v he_o to_o the_o throne_n d._n 13._o p._n 939._o to_o 944._o record_n in_o the_o tower_n and_o elsewhere_o cite_v in_o these_o dialogue_n rot._n cart_n 5_o johan._n d._n 6._o p._n 386._o rot._n clause_n 17._o edw._n ii_o ibid._n 396._o rot._n parl._n 7_o rich._n ii_o ibid._n 397._o rot._n clau_n 24_o &_o 26_o of_o hen._n iii_o ib._n 432._o rot._n clau_n 19_o hen._n iii_o d._n 7._o p._n 445._o inter_fw-la com._n brevia_fw-la mich._n 42._o hen._n iii_o ib._n 446._o rot._n pat._n 15._o h._n iii_o rot._n clau_n 4._o h._n iii_o ib._n 447._o rot._n pat._n 15._o johan._n ibid._n 449._o rot._n cl_o 42._o h._n iii_o ibid._n 449._o rot._n cl_o 28._o h._n iii_o ibid._n 454._o rot._n cl_o 26._o h._n iii_o ibid._n 461._o rot._n pat._n 42._o h._n iii_o p._n 472._o rot._n pat._n 48._o h._n iii_o rot._n cl_o 49._o h._n iii_o rot._n pat._n 51._o h._n iii_o ibid._n 475._o rot._n cl_o 28._o edw._n i._o ibid._n 477._o rot._n par._n 12._o edw._n 2._o p._n 478_o rot._n par._n 1._o edw._n iii_o rot._n parl._n 12._o rich._n ii_o ib._n 478_o rot._n pat._n 30_o edw._n 1._o rot._n fin._n 20._o edw._n iii_o ib._n p._n 420._o rot._n cl_o 34._o edw._n 1._o ib._n p._n 483._o rot._n cl_o 19_o h._n iii_o rot._n pat._n 48._o h._n 3._o ibid._n p._n 491._o rot._n pat._n 48._o h._n iii_o ibid._n p._n 493._o rot._n cl_o 16._o h._n iii_o ib._n p._n 494._o rot._n cl_o 19_o h._n iii_o 495._o rot._n cl_o 11._o h._n iii_o rot._n cl_o 33._o h._n iii_o rot._n cl_o 52._o h._n iii_o ib._n p._n 496._o rot._n pat._n 3_o edw._n i._o rot._n pat._n 20._o e._n 1._o ib._n p._n 501._o rot._n pat._n 17_o 18._o ed._n i._o ib._n p._n 50â—_n rot._n cl_o 6._o johan._n 26._o h._n iii_o 38._o h._n iii_o ib._n p._n 516._o rot._n pat._n 48._o h._n iii_o rot_v cl_o 49._o h._n iii_o ib._n 519._o rot._n cl_o 24._o edw._n i._o ib._n p._n 526._o rot._n cl_o 3._o ed._n iii_o rot._n cl_o 49._o h._n iii_o ibid._n p._n 527._o bundle_n brev._n 18_o edw._n i._o p._n 530_o 531._o rot._n cl_o 23._o e._n 1._o ib._n 53._o rot._n cl_o 28._o e._n i._o rot._n cl_o 45._o ed._n iii_o ib._n 537._o rot._n stat._n 25._o e._n 1._o d._n 8._o p._n 552._o rot._n cl_o 23._o
e._n i._o ib._n p._n 554._o rot._n cl_o 31._o ed._n iii_o ib._n p._n 555._o rot._n pat._n 54_o h._n iii_o ib._n 573._o rot._n wal._n 11._o ed._n i._o ib._n 574.575_o rot._n cl_o 28._o e._n i._o rot._n pat._n 8._o ed._n ii_o ib._n 576._o rot._n pat._n 52._o h._n iii_o ib._n p._n 578._o bundle_z brev._n 5._o ed._n ii_o rot._n pat._n 40._o ed._n iii_o ib._n p._n 581._o rot._n pat._n 2._o h._n v._o ib._n p._n 582._o placit_fw-la parl._n 18._o e._n i._o rot._n parl._n 18._o ed._n iii_o ib._n p._n 584._o inter_fw-la com._n brev_n in_o scac._n 34._o ed._n i._o prins_n par_fw-fr reg._n p._n 26.28.30_o ed._n i._o ib._n p._n 586._o parl._n reg._n 8._o ed._n ii_o 887._o rot._n cl_o 15._o e._n ii_o rot._n cl_o 2._o e._n iii_o rot._n cl_o 50._o e._n iii_o p._n 588._o rot._n pat._n 42._o e._n iii_o p._n 599._o rot._n pat._n 17._o ed._n iii_o rot._n parl._n 51._o e._n iii_o p._n 605._o a_o regency_n w._n legal_a or_o practicable_a in_o england_n upon_o king_n james_n departure_n d._n 12._o p._n 877._o religion_n in_o what_o case_n we_o be_v bind_v to_o suffer_v for_o it_o without_o any_o resistance_n d._n 4._o p._n 222._o to_o 235._o the_o remedy_n against_o tyranny_n the_o people_n of_o england_n can_v have_v without_o resistance_n consider_v d._n 4._o p._n 262._o to_o 664._o resistance_n of_o father_n husband_n and_o master_n by_o their_o wife_n child_n and_o servant_n w._n ever_o lawful_a d._n 1._o p._n 41._o to_o 44._o to_o 52.60_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o what_o case_n absolute_o lawful_a d._n 3._o p._n 146._o to_o 149_o d._n 4._o p._n 270._o in_o what_o case_n absolute_o unlawful_a d._n 3._o p._n 176_o 177._o all_o the_o evil_a consequence_n of_o such_o resistance_n consider_v d._n 4._o p._n 261._o to_o 264._o d._n 9_o p._n 649_o 659_o to_o 666._o w._n all_o resistance_n be_v forbid_v by_o god_n in_o the_o old_a testament_n d._n 3._o p._n 190._o to_o the_o end_n w._n forbid_v by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n in_o the_o new_a testament_n d._n 4._o p._n 220._o to_o 264._o w._n contrary_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n ib._n p._n 283._o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n and_o those_o in_o commission_n by_o he_o w._n absolute_o â—orbid_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o seven_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o against_o bear_v of_o arm_n d._n 8._o p._n 612._o w._n contrary_a to_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o concern_v treason_n ib._n to_o the_o end_n resistance_n of_o arbitrary_a power_n in_o our_o king_n w._n lawful_a both_o before_o and_o since_o the_o conquest_n d._n 9_o p._n 615_o to_o 637._o such_o resistance_n grant_v to_o be_v lawful_a by_o some_o of_o our_o king_n themselves_o d._n 9_o p._n 617.620.622_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a what_o they_o be_v d._n 9_o p._n 666_o to_o 669._o roll_n clause_n how_o many_o want_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 7._o p._n 517_o 518._o s_o sapientes_fw-la its_o signification_n in_o ancient_a history_n d._n 6._o p._n 377._o late_o schism_n upon_o the_o deprivation_n of_o the_o bishop_n w._n justifiable_a d._n 13._o p._n 963_o to_o 966._o scotland_n w._n it_o be_v ancient_a constitution_n be_v the_o same_o with_o england_n d._n 7._o p._n 503._o to_o 505._o d._n 8._o p._n 559._o w._n none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o appear_v at_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n ib._n to_o 510._o scutage_n service_n w._n different_a from_o a_o scutage_n tax_n d._n 7._o p._n 439._o to_o 440.479_o to_o 481._o sermon_n for_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n censure_v in_o parliament_n d._n 1._o p._n 5._o servant_n and_o son_n w._n all_o one_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n d._n 1._o p._n 54._o sheriff_n pardon_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o hold_v above_o one_o year_n d._n 12._o p._n 821._o state_n general_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n w._n their_o make_v war_n upon_o king_n james_n the_o second_o be_v justifiable_a d._n 11._o p._n 781_o 782._o ancient_a statute_n w._n the_o three_o estate_n have_v not_o always_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n d._n 5._o p._n 330._o to_o 348._o notwithstanding_o the_o different_a form_n of_o pen_v they_o ibid._n d._n 7._o p._n 484_o 485.525.528_o 529._o statue_n of_o the_o eleven_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o cap._n 1._o w._n still_o in_o force_n d._n 13._o p._n 909._o to_o 933._o statute_n of_o the_o thirteen_o of_o elizabeth_n chap._n 1._o w._n still_o in_o force_n d._n 12._o p._n 894._o to_o 898._o all_o statute_n though_o make_v by_o usurper_n w._n they_o hold_v good_a till_o repeal_v d._n 12._o p._n 909_o 911_o 912._o doctor_n story_n case_n d._n 13._o p._n 950._o subject_n how_o different_a from_o slave_n d._n 4._o p._n 251._o to_o 261._o w._n particular_a subject_n may_v resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n for_o satisfaction_n of_o their_o own_o private_a injury_n d._n 4._o p._n 252._o succession_n to_o crown_n no_o certain_a procept_n to_o be_v find_v about_o it_o in_o scripture_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n d._n 2._o p._n 89._o to_o 90._o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n w._n always_o hereditary_a since_o the_o conquest_n without_o any_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n d._n 12._o p._n 839_o to_o 875._o suffering_n of_o christ_n how_o far_o a_o example_n to_o we_o d._n 4._o p._n 227._o to_o 233._o suffer_v for_o religion_n without_o resistance_n when_o necessary_a ib._n p._n 231._o t_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la w._n they_o be_v all_o baron_n d._n 6._o p._n 399.400_o w._n they_o can_v ancient_o tax_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o their_o pleasure_n as_o well_o the_o land_n hold_v of_o they_o as_o what_o be_v not_o d._n 7._o 440.479_o to_o 483.500_o w._n they_o or_o else_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v ancient_o the_o only_a person_n who_o serve_v upon_o jury_n d._n 10._o p._n 741._o to_o 746._o w._n they_o represent_v all_o their_o under_o tenant_n in_o parliament_n d._n 7._o p._n 512._o tenant_n in_o sâ—â—age_n w._n they_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o those_o of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o estate_n d._n 6._o p._n 420._o tenant_n in_o demesne_n claim_v to_o be_v discharge_v from_o the_o knight_n wage_n by_o prescription_n d._n 8._o p._n 588_o 589._o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n w._n in_o use_n before_o king_n wil._n i._o d._n 10._o p._n 750_o 751._o a_o new_a test_n oath_n oppose_v by_o a_o great_a party_n of_o the_o poeâ—s_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o d._n 9_o p._n 659._o testament_n w._n valid_a in_o the_o mere_a state_n of_o nature_n d._n 2._o p._n 86_o 87_o 91._o the_o several_a text_n of_o scripture_n make_v use_v of_o for_o or_o against_o absolute_a nonresistance_n examine_v viz._n in_o the_o old_a testament_n d._n 3._o p._n 190._o to_o the_o end_n text_n of_o scripture_n out_o of_o the_o new_a testament_n urge_v for_o the_o like_a purpose_n d._n 4._o p._n 220._o to_o 279._o thanes_z the_o ancient_a signification_n of_o that_o title_n discuss_v d._n 6._o p._n 374._o to_o 379._o the_o divers_a sort_n of_o they_o among_o the_o english_a saxon_n d._n 5._o p._n 370._o treason_n against_o the_o kingdom_n ancient_o as_o well_o as_o against_o the_o king_n d._n 5._o p._n 344._o trial_n by_o combat_n w._n in_o use_n before_o the_o conquest_n d._n 10._o p._n 758._o trust_v commit_v by_o the_o people_n to_o the_o supreme_a power_n w._n unaccountable_a and_o irrevocable_a d._n 3._o p._n 152.154_o insupportable_a tyranny_n w._n worse_o than_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n ib._n 155._o tyrant_n w._n ordain_v of_o god_n d._n 4._o 245_o 246._o u_o vavasor_n or_o mesne_fw-la tenant_n w._n ancient_o reckon_v as_o part_v of_o the_o baronage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n d._n 6._o p._n 405_o 406._o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o regni_n what_o it_o signify_v and_o w._n the_o commons_o be_v comprehend_v under_o that_o title_n d._n 6._o p._n 408_o 409_o 415_o 416._o universitas_fw-la communis_fw-la the_o meaning_n of_o that_o phrase_n in_o matthew_n paris_n d._n 7._o p._n 470._o w._n it_o comprehend_v no_o more_o than_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ib._n 471._o primate_n usher_v opinion_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o obedience_n of_o the_o subject_a consider_v d._n 4._o p._n 271_o 272._o usurper_n by_o sir_n r._n filmer_n principles_n to_o be_v obey_v before_o the_o lawful_a prince_n and_o his_o heir_n d._n 2._o p._n 126_o 127._o when_o usurper_n may_v be_v obey_v before_o the_o lawful_a prince_n and_o his_o heir_n d._n 4._o p._n 246._o usurpation_n w._n it_o give_v a_o rightful_a title_n after_o three_o generation_n d._n 2._o p._n 128._o vulgus_fw-la what_o that_o word_n signify_v in_o the_o
latin_a translation_n of_o the_o old_a coronation-oath_n d._n 8._o p._n 560._o to_o 563._o w_n wales_n w._n it_o be_v titular_a prince_n be_v real_o son_n to_o king_n james_n the_o second_o and_o queen_n marry_o d._n 11._o p._n 784_o to_o 789._o w._n he_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v receive_v as_o the_o true_a son_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o say_a king_n d._n 12._o p._n 875._o to_o 877._o and_o that_o let_v the_o consequence_n be_v what_o they_o will_v ib._n p._n 879._o to_o 881._o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n w._n whole_o derive_v from_o the_o norman_n d._n 10._o p._n 750.751_o its_o advantage_n and_o inconvenience_n consider_v ib._n a_o wife_n w._n she_o can_v ever_o be_v discharge_v from_o the_o power_n her_o husband_n have_v over_o she_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n by_o any_o mean_n but_o by_o his_o express_a consent_n d._n 1._o p._n 43._o king_n william_n the_o first_o why_o style_v the_o conqueror_n d._n 5._o p._n 325._o w._n he_o claim_v to_o be_v king_n of_o england_n by_o donation_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n or_o by_o conquest_n d._n 10._o p._n 715.718_o 719._o w._n he_o be_v ever_o elect_v and_o take_v the_o same_o coronation-oath_n as_o the_o english_a saxon_a king_n have_v do_v before_o d._n 10._o p._n 716.722_o to_o 737._o w._n he_o may_v just_o have_v seize_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n to_o his_o own_o use_n d._n 2._o p._n 171._o w._n he_o give_v most_o of_o the_o land_n of_o england_n to_o his_o follower_n ibid._n p._n 721_o to_o 729._o and_o to_o 747._o w._n he_o alter_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n d._n 5._o p._n 320._o to_o 322._o w._n he_o alter_v all_o the_o old_a law_n of_o england_n or_o confirm_v those_o of_o king_n edward_n d._n 10._o p._n 737._o to_o 760._o his_o second_o oath_n upon_o the_o relic_n of_o st._n alban_n ib._n 761_o 762._o his_o law_n concern_v all_o freeman_n exemption_n from_o tax_n upon_o their_o find_a arm_n d._n 6._o p._n 426_o 427._o w._n he_o and_o his_o son_n william_n rufus_n make_v law_n and_o impose_v tax_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n d_o 10._o p._n 744_o 755._o king_n william_n the_o three_o w._n he_o have_v any_o title_n by_o conquest_n over_o king_n james_n or_o else_o from_o his_o marriage_n with_o the_o princess_n and_o the_o act_n of_o the_o convention_n d._n 12._o p._n 883._o to_o 899._o his_o religion_n and_o principle_n vindicate_v ib._n 886_o 887._o wites_z or_o wiseman_n in_o the_o english_a saxon_a council_n the_o true_a signification_n of_o that_o term_n d._n 6._o p._n 373._o to_o 378._o wittena_n à _fw-fr gemot_n or_o great_a council_n among_o the_o english_a saxon_n w._n they_o consist_v of_o more_o than_o the_o high_a nobility_n ib._n p._n 381._o wife_n how_o far_o oblige_v to_o be_v obedient_a to_o the_o command_v of_o their_o husband_n d._n 1._o p._n 40._o write_v of_o summons_n to_o the_o commmon_n of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o w_o it_o be_v the_o first_o of_o that_o kind_n d._n 7._o p._n 519._o to_o 521._o w._n any_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o bishop_n or_o lord_n to_o parliament_n be_v to_o be_v find_v before_o that_o time_n ib._n p._n 516._o write_v of_o the_o 19_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o levy_v two_o mark_n scutage_n upon_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n hold_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ib._n 445_o writ_n of_o the_o 24_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o command_v all_o man_n hold_v a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n of_o whatsoever_o tenure_n to_o be_v knight_v d._n 6._o p._n 432._o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n at_o shrewsbury_n in_o the_o 11_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o d._n 8._o p._n 574._o write_v of_o summons_n to_o knight_n of_o shire_n cite_v by_o dr._n b._n in_o the_o 18_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o w._n it_o be_v to_o a_o parliament_n d._n 7._o p._n 530._o to_o 536._o write_v of_o the_o 22d_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o w._n a_o summons_n to_o parliament_n d._n 7._o p._n 533_o 534._o write_v of_o the_o 30_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o command_v the_o levy_v of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o each_o knight_n fee_n which_o have_v be_v grant_v ever_o since_o the_o eighteen_o ibid._n p._n 479._o w._n the_o commons_o grant_v that_o tax_n ibid._n writ_n of_o the_o 28_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o 45th_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o w._n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n ib._n 537._o writ_n for_o expense_n to_o knight_n of_o shire_n how_o ancient_a d._n 8._o p._n 589._o to_o 591._o y_fw-fr duke_n of_o york_n richard_n his_o title_n declare_v in_o parliament_n d._n 12._o p._n 863._o edward_n duke_n of_o york_n recognize_v by_o parliament_n to_o be_v lawful_a king_n from_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n richard_n duke_z of_o york_n ib._n p._n 865._o duke_n of_o york_n james_n w._n he_o be_v not_o entire_o in_o the_o french_a interest_n and_o design_n before_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n d._n 11._o p._n 802._o a_o appendix_n contain_v some_o authority_n sit_v to_o be_v add_v for_o far_a confirmation_n of_o some_o thing_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o forego_n dialogue_n to_o be_v add_v to_o dialogue_n the_o four_o p._n 290._o at_o the_o end_n of_o f_o s_o speech_n after_o these_o word_n no_o particular_a church_n can_v read_v thus_o and_o that_o divers_a of_o the_o most_o eminent_a divine_n of_o our_o church_n have_v use_v the_o same_o freedom_n with_o several_a other_o doctrine_n contain_v in_o these_o homily_n may_v appear_v from_o dr._n hammonds_n dr._n heylin_n and_o dr._n tailor_n with_o several_a other_o eminent_a writer_n express_o deny_v that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n be_v guilty_a of_o idolatry_n or_o that_o the_o pope_n be_v antichrist_n though_o both_o these_o doctrine_n be_v as_o plain_o lay_v down_o in_o the_o homily_n as_o the_o doctrine_n of_o nonresistance_n and_o yet_o none_o of_o these_o man_n be_v ever_o tax_v by_o those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n for_o quit_v her_o ancient_a 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person_n he_o think_v fit_a to_o be_v make_v bishop_n dean_n etc._n etc._n not_o one_o in_o ten_o of_o they_o but_o have_v be_v arminian_n in_o all_o those_o point_n wherein_o they_o whole_o differ_v from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o calvin_n which_o be_v but_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o our_o 36_o article_n so_o interpret_v yet_o none_o of_o the_o divine_n of_o our_o present_a church_n who_o hold_v these_o opinion_n be_v brand_v with_o apostasy_n from_o its_o ancient_a doctrine_n but_o if_o any_o well_o mean_v divine_a out_o of_o love_n to_o his_o country_n and_o to_o prevent_v popery_n and_o slavery_n from_o break_v in_o upon_o we_o have_v but_o preach_v or_o publish_a any_o thing_n in_o derogation_n to_o these_o darling_n doctrine_n of_o passive_a obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n he_o be_v straight_o brand_v with_o apostasy_n from_o the_o church_n in_o quit_v its_o main_a distinguish_a character_n and_o we_o have_v late_o see_v degrade_n nay_o the_o most_o cruel_a whip_n and_o 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to_o hinder_v free_a election_n and_o due_a return_n of_o parliament_n man_n by_o make_v either_o popish_a or_o fanatical_a sheriff_n and_o put_v mayor_n and_o other_o officer_n of_o the_o like_a principle_n into_o most_o of_o the_o city_n and_o corporate_a town_n in_o england_n nor_o can_v i_o tell_v but_o that_o force_n will_v also_o have_v be_v use_v if_o they_o find_v they_o can_v not_o have_v compass_v their_o design_n without_o it_o in_o those_o place_n where_o soldier_n be_v quarter_v since_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v that_o at_o the_o late_a intend_a election_n of_o burgess_n for_o northampton_n and_o brackly_n the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n quarter_v at_o those_o place_n declare_v that_o none_o of_o the_o townsman_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o give_v voice_n at_o the_o election_n unless_o they_o will_v promise_v to_o vote_n for_o those_o that_o the_o court_n will_v set_v up_o and_o the_o like_a instance_n i_o believe_v i_o may_v give_v you_o of_o other_o place_n have_v i_o 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the_o nation_n before_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n come_v it_o be_v very_o true_a he_o do_v by_o the_o advice_n of_o some_o of_o the_o bishop_n endeavour_v to_o put_v thing_n into_o the_o same_o state_n they_o be_v in_o at_o his_o first_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n but_o i_o very_o much_o mistrust_v the_o sincerity_n of_o his_o majesty_n intention_n since_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o never_o offer_v to_o do_v it_o till_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n be_v â—ust_z upon_o come_v and_o that_o his_o declaration_n have_v be_v spread_v about_o the_o kingdom_n and_o then_o he_o do_v it_o so_o unwilling_o that_o when_o the_o news_n come_v of_o part_n of_o the_o prince_n fleet_n be_v shipwreck_a and_o that_o his_o design_n be_v quite_o put_v off_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n who_o be_v then_o but_o new_o go_v down_o to_o restore_v the_o precedent_n and_o fellow_n of_o magdalen_n college_n be_v immediate_o call_v back_o under_o pretence_n of_o be_v present_a as_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o 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but_o for_o defence_n of_o both_o against_o a_o stand_a army_n keep_v up_o contrary_a to_o law_n and_o head_v by_o officer_n the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o by_o not_o take_v the_o sacrament_n and_o test_n according_a to_o the_o act_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n have_v render_v themselves_o whole_o uncapable_a of_o hold_v those_o commission_n and_o consequent_o whilst_o in_o arm_n be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o common_a enemy_n to_o the_o nation_n but_o as_o for_o his_o majesty_n gracious_a and_o merciful_a disposition_n as_o i_o shall_v not_o make_v it_o my_o business_n personal_o to_o reflect_v upon_o he_o so_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o the_o execution_n of_o mr._n cornish_n mrs._n lisle_n mrs._n gaunt_n for_o treason_n false_o allege_v or_o else_o for_o such_o as_o woman_n can_v scarce_o be_v capable_a of_o know_v to_o be_v so_o be_v no_o great_a evidence_n of_o such_o high_o merciful_a inclination_n m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n not_o only_o to_o set_v forth_o the_o late_a miscarriage_n of_o the_o government_n but_o also_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o army_n which_o the_o king_n raise_v upon_o the_o duke_n of_o monmouth_n rebellion_n and_o which_o he_o have_v since_o keep_v up_o to_o prevent_v either_o fresh_a rebellion_n at_o home_n or_o invasion_n from_o abroad_o have_v be_v mere_o maintain_v to_o support_v all_o these_o late_a breach_n upon_o our_o law_n and_o civil_a liberty_n which_o you_o say_v be_v make_v upon_o they_o now_o this_o be_v very_o uncharitable_o do_v for_o as_o his_o majesty_n be_v force_v to_o raise_v that_o army_n at_o first_o because_o the_o late_a rebellion_n in_o the_o west_n be_v too_o powerful_a to_o be_v quell_v by_o the_o ordinary_a train_v band_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o he_o have_v too_o much_o reason_n to_o suspect_v by_o the_o run_n over_o of_o several_a of_o they_o to_o the_o rebel_n not_o to_o be_v so_o loyal_a as_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v and_o if_o his_o majesty_n have_v not_o have_v a_o small_a body_n of_o a_o army_n on_o foot_n the_o last_o summer_n before_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n come_v over_o he_o must_v upon_o his_o land_n have_v yield_v to_o his_o term_n have_v they_o be_v never_o so_o unreasonable_a and_o though_o i_o will_v not_o defend_v the_o li_n of_o popish_a or_o irish_a soldier_n or_o the_o grant_v commission_n to_o popish_a commander_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o prove_v this_o to_o be_v a_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o nation_n unless_o you_o can_v suppose_v there_o may_v be_v war_n make_v without_o fight_v and_o as_o for_o those_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n which_o you_o suppose_v be_v make_v only_o upon_o the_o presumption_n of_o this_o stand_a army_n this_o be_v likewise_o very_o hard_o to_o affirm_v since_o how_o can_v you_o tell_v that_o the_o judge_n and_o minister_n will_v not_o have_v give_v the_o same_o opinion_n and_o advice_n concern_v the_o dispense_v power_n chimney_n money_n &_o the_o ecclesiastical_a 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