blood_n who_o will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o use_v his_o prerogative_n second_o that_o during_o the_o war_n of_o lancaster_n and_o york_n there_o be_v no_o fit_a time_n to_o make_v use_n of_o that_o prerogative_n while_o both_o party_n do_v strive_v to_o win_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n three_o that_o king_n hen._n 7._o have_v much_o ado_n to_o settle_v himself_o in_o the_o quiet_a possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o those_o trouble_n four_o that_o king_n h._n 8._o have_v such_o a_o mass_n of_o treasure_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o father_n and_o do_v so_o enrich_v himself_o by_o dissolution_n of_o abbey_n as_o he_o have_v no_o need_n to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o prerogative_n five_o that_o k._n e._n 6._o be_v also_o a_o minor_a and_o that_o his_o chief_a council_n do_v more_o contend_v to_o advance_v their_o own_o house_n than_o the_o king_n profit_n chap._n xviii_o that_o queen_n mary_n do_v use_v her_o frerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n queen_n mary_n in_o who_o time_n the_o town_n of_o calais_n be_v lose_v and_o consequent_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o staple_n at_o calais_n be_v lose_v do_v by_o her_o absolute_a power_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o report_n of_o the_o lord_n dyer_n 1_o eliz._n dyer_n 165._o eliz._n raise_v a_o imposition_n upon_o clothes_n viz._n six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n upon_o every_o cloth_n over_o and_o above_o all_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o merchant_n petition_v to_o be_v disburden_v of_o this_o imposition_n which_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o other_o whereupon_o they_o have_v many_o assembly_n and_o conference_n as_o that_o book_n report_v and_o albeit_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o that_o behalf_n be_v not_o find_v in_o that_o book_n it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o they_o adjudge_v the_o imposition_n to_o be_v just_a and_o lawful_a because_o it_o be_v continue_v and_o answer_v during_o all_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n this_o queen_n mary_n likewise_o by_o she_o preroone_o lay_v and_o imposition_n of_o four_o mark_n upon_o every_o tun_n of_o french_a wine_n over_o and_o above_o the_o prizage_n and_o buttlerage_n which_o during_o her_o life_n time_n be_v pay_v without_o contradiction_n chap._n xix_o that_o queen_n elizabeth_n alsouse_v her_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n queen_n elizabeth_n also_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o prerogative_n do_v not_o only_o continue_v the_o imposition_n lay_v by_o queen_n mary_n upon_o clothes_n and_o french_a wine_n but_o do_v raise_v other_o imposition_n of_o sundry_a sort_n of_o merchandize_n by_o the_o same_o absolute_a power_n namely_o upon_o every_o tun_n of_o sweet_a wine_n upon_o every_o tun_n of_o rhenish_a wine_n upon_o every_o kental_a of_o allom_n which_o during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o prudent_a princess_n be_v pay_v and_o receive_v without_o question_n beside_o the_o same_o queen_n upon_o complaint_n make_v unto_o she_o in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n that_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n do_v impose_v one_o ducat_n upon_o every_o hundred_o of_o currant_n export_v out_o of_o their_o dominion_n by_o the_o merchant_n of_o england_n do_v by_o her_o letter_n patent_n grant_v unto_o the_o english_a merchant_n who_o trade_v into_o the_o levant_n that_o they_o only_o and_o their_o assign_v may_v bring_v currant_n into_o england_n eliz._n the_o english_a merchant_n have_v this_o privilege_n do_v take_v five_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n upon_o every_o hundred_o weight_n of_o currant_n bring_v into_o england_n by_o stranger_n which_o be_v due_o pay_v although_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o merchant_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o privilege_n only_o of_o sortiori_fw-la yet_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v pay_v if_o it_o have_v be_v payable_a to_o the_o queen_n herself_o as_o the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n fleming_n do_v observe_v in_o his_o argument_n of_o bates_n case_n of_o currant_n in_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n in_o england_n chap._n xx_o that_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n have_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n lay_v several_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n his_o majesty_n likewise_o when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v king_n of_o england_n find_v his_o crown_n to_o be_v seize_v of_o this_o prerogative_n and_o find_v withal_o the_o necessary_a charge_n of_o the_o crown_n exceed_o to_o increase_n do_v for_o the_o supportation_n thereof_o not_o only_o continue_v the_o imposition_n lay_v by_o queen_n mary_n and_o queen_n elizabeth_n but_o also_o lay_v new_a imposition_n upon_o sundry_a sort_n of_o merchandize_n over_o and_o above_o all_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n former_o due_a and_o payable_a for_o the_o same_o and_o these_o be_v the_o imposition_n now_o the_o principal_a of_o these_o be_v twelve_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n or_o a_o second_o poundage_n set_v upon_o merchandize_n as_o well_o export_v as_o import_v by_o letter_n patent_n 28._o july_n iac._n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n reign_n but_o how_o be_v it_o set_v and_o impose_v sure_o with_o such_o moderation_n and_o limitation_n and_o such_o receptation_n full_a of_o grace_n and_o favour_n as_o no_o monarch_n or_o state_n in_o the_o world_n do_v ever_o impart_v to_o their_o subject_n the_o like_a in_o the_o like_a case_n for_o beside_o other_o gracious_a clause_n contain_v in_o the_o same_o letter_n patent_n all_o commodity_n serve_v either_o for_o food_n or_o sustenance_n of_o the_o king_n people_n or_o set_v the_o poor_a on_o work_n or_o for_o munition_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o for_o maintenance_n of_o navigation_n or_o which_o especial_o tend_v to_o the_o enrich_n of_o a_o kingdom_n be_v except_v and_o discharge_v by_o this_o imposition_n as_o for_o the_o special_a imposition_n which_o his_o majesty_n have_v set_v upon_o certain_a foreign_a commodity_n as_o currant_n logwood_n tobacco_n etc._n etc._n as_o touch_v the_o first_o of_o these_o the_o imposition_n have_v be_v adjudge_v lawful_a in_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n of_o england_n and_o for_o the_o other_o commodity_n they_o be_v of_o such_o nature_n as_o no_o man_n ever_o make_v question_n but_o that_o the_o imposition_n set_v upon_o they_o be_v lawful_a beside_o these_o imposition_n lay_v in_o england_n his_o majesty_n by_o his_o prerogative_n only_o since_o the_o beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n receive_v the_o impost_n of_o wine_n in_o ireland_n and_o have_v likewise_o to_o make_v equality_n of_o trade_n in_o that_o realm_n lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o twelve_o penny_n on_o the_o pound_n of_o all_o other_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v out_o of_o the_o port_n of_o dublin_n waterford_n drogheda_n and_o galway_n the_o citizen_n of_o which_o city_n and_o town_n be_v exempt_v and_o discharge_v of_o poundage_n grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n there_o which_o imposition_n be_v never_o impugn_v in_o ireland_n but_o have_v since_o the_o set_v thereof_o be_v levy_v and_o pay_v without_o contradiction_n and_o that_o we_o see_v how_o long_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v be_v seize_v of_o this_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o how_o the_o same_o have_v be_v put_v in_o practice_n by_o the_o most_o prudent_a prince_n since_o the_o conquest_n chap._n xxi_o the_o general_a reason_n whereupon_o this_o prerogative_n be_v ground_v although_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o difficulty_n and_o do_v savour_n withal_o of_o curiosity_n and_o presumption_n to_o search_v a_o reason_n for_o every_o prerogative_n that_o be_v incident_a to_o the_o crown_n for_o sacrilegii_fw-la est_fw-la disputare_fw-la de_fw-la principis_fw-la facto_fw-la say_v the_o imperial_a law_n and_o scrutator_fw-la majestal_n be_v opprimitur_fw-la à _fw-la gloria_fw-la say_v the_o wise_a man_n yet_o the_o reason_n whereupon_o this_o prerogative_n be_v ground_v be_v so_o many_o and_o manifest_a as_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o collect_v the_o principal_a of_o they_o rather_o for_o the_o confirmation_n than_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o such_o as_o have_v move_v this_o question_n touch_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o imposition_n lay_v by_o his_o majesty_n upon_o merchandize_n first_o the_o king_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o all_o justice_n and_o therefore_o the_o first_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o king_n charge_n in_o do_v justice_n and_o procure_v justice_n to_o be_v do_v to_o merchant_n not_o only_o distributive_a justice_n wherein_o consist_v praemium_fw-la and_o paena_fw-la but_o commutative_a justice_n be_v also_o derive_v from_o the_o king_n now_o his_o majesty_n do_v exercise_v commutative_a justice_n chief_o in_o the_o order_n and_o government_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n wherein_o he_o be_v to_o do_v justice_n or_o to_o procure_v justice_n to_o be_v do_v to_o his_o subject_n who_o do_v make_v contract_n real_a and_o personal_a within_o the_o land_n but_o to_o his_o merchant_n that_o
come_v in_o and_o out_o of_o his_o stream_n and_o port_n with_o their_o ship_n and_o merchandize_n podagium_fw-la in_fw-la mari_fw-la debet_fw-la solvi_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_fw-la terra_fw-la si_fw-la sit_fw-la impositum_fw-la per_fw-la dominum_fw-la maris_fw-la say_v baldus_n and_o the_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n say_v another_o doctor_n be_v ius_fw-la navigandi_fw-la jus_fw-la piscandi_fw-la jus_fw-la imponendi_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la pro_fw-la utroque_fw-la again_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v the_o like_a prerogative_n in_o the_o government_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n belong_v to_o this_o kingdom_n as_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n have_v within_o their_o dominion_n he_o must_v of_o necessity_n have_v the_o like_a absolute_a power_n as_o they_o all_o have_v to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v otherwise_o he_o can_v possible_o hold_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n upright_o or_o preserve_v a_o equality_n of_o traffic_n between_o his_o own_o subject_n and_o the_o subject_n of_o foreign_a prince_n and_o consequent_o it_o will_v lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o our_o neighbour_n to_o drain_v and_o draw_v away_o all_o our_o wealth_n in_o a_o short_a time_n or_o else_o to_o overthrow_v all_o trade_n and_o commerce_n between_o we_o and_o they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o we_o shall_v have_v no_o mean_n to_o encounter_v or_o avoid_v the_o mischief_n for_o their_o prince_n have_v sole_a power_n to_o impose_v will_v have_v the_o sole_a make_n and_o manage_n of_o the_o market_n between_o their_o subject_n and_o we_o and_o consequent_o may_v set_v what_o price_n they_o please_v upon_o all_o merchandize_n enforce_v we_o to_o sell_v our_o commodity_n cheap_a and_o buy_v their_o commodity_n dear_a only_o by_o this_o advantage_n of_o lay_v imposition_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n of_o england_n must_v of_o necessity_n have_v the_o same_o absolute_a power_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n as_o other_o prince_n have_v as_o well_o ut_fw-la evitetur_fw-la absurdum_fw-la as_o to_o prevent_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o equal_a balance_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n between_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o subject_n of_o foreign_a prince_n upon_o this_o reason_n when_o the_o duke_n of_o venice_n in_o the_o time_n of_o q._n eliz._n as_o be_v before_o express_v have_v lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o one_o ducat_n upon_o a_o 100_o li._n weight_n of_o currant_n carry_v out_o of_o his_o dominion_n by_o any_o english_a merchant_n the_o queen_n by_o special_a patent_n in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n do_v enable_v the_o merchant_n which_o do_v trade_n into_o the_o levant_n to_o levy_v five_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n upon_o every_o 100_o livre._n weight_n of_o currant_n bring_v into_o england_n by_o any_o merchant_n stranger_n tempore_fw-la upon_o the_o like_a reason_n when_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n hen._n 8._o 8._o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o french_a king_n have_v raise_v the_o valuation_n of_o their_o money_n both_o so_o high_a as_o there_o grow_v not_o only_o a_o inequality_n of_o trade_n between_o their_o subject_n and_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n but_o our_o money_n stand_v at_o their_o former_a value_n be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n in_o great_a quantity_n the_o king_n in_o the_o 24_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n grant_v a_o commission_n unto_o cardinal_n woolsey_n to_o enhance_v the_o value_n of_o english_a money_n likewise_o by_o that_o mean_n to_o set_v balance_n of_o trade_n even_o again_o and_o to_o keep_v our_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n upon_o the_o same_o reason_n of_o state_n when_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n 1614_o that_o now_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1614_o have_v lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o thirty_o upon_o the_o hundred_o on_o all_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v by_o stranger_n the_o french_a king_n hen._n 4._o be_v quick_o sensible_a of_o it_o and_o do_v forthwith_o impose_v the_o like_a in_o his_o kingdom_n then_o it_o follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o other_o nation_n shall_v follow_v and_o imitate_v they_o whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o commerce_n of_o merchant_n general_o throughout_o christendom_n begin_v to_o decay_v which_o be_v perceive_v by_o these_o two_o great_a prince_n they_o agree_v to_o take_v away_o those_o excessive_a imposition_n upon_o several_a treaty_n between_o they_o and_o the_o italian_n and_o after_o between_o they_o and_o the_o english_a and_o the_o dutch_a brief_o we_o find_v example_n in_o all_o age_n that_o whensoever_o by_o reason_n of_o war_n or_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n any_o foreign_a prince_n give_v the_o least_o impediment_n to_o merchant_n in_o their_o trade_n our_o prince_n give_v the_o like_a entertainment_n to_o their_o merchant_n again_o this_o be_v declare_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o 30_o where_o it_o be_v plain_o express_v what_o entertainment_n the_o merchant_n of_o all_o nation_n shall_v expect_v in_o england_n habeant_fw-la salvum_fw-la et_fw-la securum_fw-la conductum_fw-la say_v the_o charter_n praeterquam_fw-la in_fw-la tempore_fw-la guerrae_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la fuerint_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la contra_fw-la nos_fw-la guerrina_fw-la then_o as_o our_o merchant_n be_v use_v with_o they_o so_o shall_v their_o merchant_n be_v use_v with_o we_o 46_o edw._n 3._o 3_o the_o countess_n of_o flanders_n have_v arrest_v the_o good_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n there_o the_o king_n in_o recompense_n of_o their_o loss_n grant_v unto_o they_o all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o fleming_n in_o england_n whereof_o there_o be_v a_o notable_a record_n mention_v before_o 1_o edw._n 3._o 3_o pat_o m_o 19_o in_o arch._n turris_n there_o be_v many_o other_o example_n of_o mutual_a embarment_n of_o trade_n between_o the_o fleming_n and_o we_o and_o also_o between_o we_o and_o the_o french_a man_n during_o our_o war_n with_o france_n which_o i_o omit_v i_o will_v recite_v only_o one_o precedent_n in_o the_o 40_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n elizabeth_n at_o which_o time_n the_o merchant_n of_o the_o haunce_n town_n have_v by_o sinister_a information_n procure_v the_o emperor_n to_o banish_v our_o english_a merchant_n out_o of_o the_o empire_n the_o queen_n by_o her_o special_a commission_n do_v authorise_v the_o mayor_n and_o sheriff_n of_o london_n to_o repair_v to_o the_o still-yard_n be_v the_o hostell_n of_o the_o haunce_n to_o seize_v that_o house_n into_o her_o majesty_n hand_n and_o there_o to_o give_v warning_n to_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o haunce_n town_n to_o forbear_v traffic_n with_o any_o of_o her_o subject_n in_o england_n and_o to_o depart_v the_o realm_n upon_o that_o very_a day_n which_o be_v assign_v to_o our_o merchant_n to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o empire_n last_o for_o the_o order_n and_o government_n of_o trade_n among_o our_o own_o merchant_n in_o foreign_a country_n and_o at_o home_n our_o king_n by_o their_o prerogative_n have_v institute_v divers_a society_n and_o company_n of_o merchant_n as_o the_o company_n of_o merchant_n adventure_n the_o muscovia_n company_n the_o turkey_n company_n the_o east_n india_n company_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v create_v uphold_v and_o rule_v by_o the_o king_n charter_n only_o whereupon_o i_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v the_o same_o power_n in_o govern_v and_o balance_v trade_n as_o other_o prince_n have_v may_v just_o execute_v the_o same_o power_n as_o well_o by_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n as_o by_o the_o other_o mean_n which_o be_v before_o express_v chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o several_a objection_n that_o be_v make_v against_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o the_o several_a answer_n thereunto_o the_o first_o objection_n 1_o touch_v the_o property_n which_o all_o free_a subject_n have_v in_o their_o good_n first_o it_o be_v object_v that_o under_o a_o royal_a monarchy_n where_o the_o prince_n do_v govern_v by_o a_o positive_a law_n the_o subject_n have_v a_o property_n in_o their_o good_n and_o inheritance_n in_o their_o land_n ad_fw-la reges_fw-la potestas_fw-la omnium_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la singulos_fw-la proprietas_fw-la so_o as_o the_o king_n have_v no_o such_o prerogative_n say_v they_o whereby_o he_o may_v take_v away_o the_o land_n or_o good_n of_o a_o subject_a without_o his_o consent_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o a_o case_n of_o forfeiture_n and_o therefore_o though_o samuel_n foretell_v the_o people_n when_o they_o desire_v a_o king_n hoc_fw-la erit_fw-la ius_fw-la regis_fw-la tollere_fw-la agros_fw-la vestros_fw-la and_o vineas_fw-la and_o oliveta_fw-la and_o dare_v seruis_fw-la suis_fw-la yet_o ahab_n though_o he_o be_v a_o wicked_a king_n do_v not_o claim_v that_o prerogative_n when_o he_o covet_v naboth_n vineyard_n neither_o do_v he_o enter_v into_o it_o until_o naboth_n by_o false_a witness_n be_v condemn_v and_o stone_v to_o death_n for_o blasphemy_n and_o then_o he_o take_v it_o for_o a_o lawful_a escheat_n but_o when_o the_o king_n do_v
ius_fw-la imponendi_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la or_o the_o learning_n touch_v custom_n tonnage_n poundage_n and_o imposition_n on_o merchandize_n assert_v as_o well_o from_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a and_o civil_a law_n as_o of_o general_n reason_n and_o policy_n of_o state_n by_o sir_n john_n davis_n knight_n etc._n etc._n the_o second_o edition_n london_n print_v for_o henry_n twyford_n in_o vine-court_n middle_a temple_n mdclix_o to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n this_o question_n sir_n concerning_o your_o majesty_n prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v make_v or_o move_v at_o all_o howbeit_o it_o have_v be_v stir_v and_o debate_v in_o parliament_n it_o be_v now_o become_v a_o argument_n of_o such_o dignity_n and_o importance_n as_o the_o best-able_a among_o your_o servant_n learn_v in_o the_o law_n may_v well_o employ_v their_o best_a learning_n in_o the_o discuss_n thereof_o for_o my_o part_n though_o i_o find_v myself_o unable_a to_o handle_v this_o noble_a question_n as_o the_o weight_n and_o worthiness_n require_v yet_o have_v i_o upon_o sundry_a occasion_n arise_v from_o the_o course_n of_o my_o service_n collect_v such_o note_n and_o draw_v together_o such_o material_n as_o may_v be_v of_o use_n in_o the_o build_n of_o a_o fortress_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o this_o prerogative_n and_o sure_o i_o be_o that_o if_o your_o majesty_n will_v vouchsafe_v to_o cast_v your_o eye_n upon_o these_o collection_n that_o your_o judgement_n will_v make_v a_o far_o better_a use_n and_o application_n thereof_o than_o i_o who_o have_v gather_v the_o same_o can_v possible_a do_v these_o little_a spark_n of_o knowledge_n be_v take_v into_o your_o majesty_n consideration_n will_v instant_o multiply_v and_o arise_v into_o a_o flame_n and_o so_o give_v a_o great_a light_n for_o clear_v of_o this_o question_n this_o learning_n within_o my_o hand_n be_v but_o a_o spade_n in_o your_o majesty_n hand_n will_v become_v a_o sceptre_n i_o have_v only_o like_o the_o poor_a indian_a dig_v up_o the_o oar_n of_o i_o which_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o king_n mint_n and_o refine_v there_o become_v part_n of_o the_o royal_a treasure_n for_o the_o argument_n itself_o it_o will_v hardly_o receive_v any_o ornament_n ornari_fw-la res_fw-la ipsa_fw-la negate_fw-la contenta_fw-la doceri_fw-la the_o best_a light_n i_o can_v give_v it_o be_v lucidw_n ordo_fw-la by_o break_v it_o into_o capita_fw-la rerum_fw-la and_o cast_v it_o into_o a_o plain_a and_o natural_a method_n it_o be_v somewhat_o long_o and_o in_o multiloquio_fw-la non_fw-la deest_fw-la peccatum_fw-la say_v solomon_n it_o be_v also_o mix_v with_o some_o reason_n of_o state_n wherein_o a_o common_a lawyer_n may_v easy_o make_v a_o solaecism_n yet_o such_o as_o it_o be_v my_o zeal_n to_o advance_v your_o majesty_n service_n have_v move_v i_o to_o present_v it_o to_o your_o majesty_n with_o all_o humbleness_n and_o with_o some_o hope_n that_o this_o dutiful_a pain_n shall_v purchase_v a_o pardon_n for_o the_o error_n therein_o commit_v by_o your_o majesty_n unprofitable_a servant_n and_o humble_a subject_n john_n davies_n the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o exposition_n and_o meaning_n of_o certain_a word_n which_o do_v show_v the_o true_a state_n of_o the_o question_n page_n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la and_o the_o force_n thereof_o in_o all_o kingdom_n that_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v a_o principal_a subject_n of_o that_o law_n and_o that_o it_o give_v power_n unto_o all_o king_n to_o take_v custom_n and_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v many_o prerogative_n annex_v to_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n of_o which_o our_o common_a law_n take_v notice_n and_o do_v admit_v and_o approve_v the_o same_o 4_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o how_o it_o differ_v from_o our_o common_a law_n and_o how_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o law_n merchandize_n do_v differ_v from_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o do_v not_o cross_v the_o sea_n and_o how_o the_o common_a law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v admit_v and_o allow_v of_o the_o law_n merchant_n 10_o chap._n iv._o of_o the_o imperial_a or_o civil_a law_n and_o of_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n thereof_o of_o what_o force_v it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n within_o the_o monarchy_n of_o europe_n and_o in_o what_o case_n it_o be_v receive_v within_o the_o king_n of_o england_n dominion_n and_o how_o it_o warrant_v all_o king_n and_o absolute_a prince_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n 20_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o canon_n or_o ecclesiastical_a law_n and_o how_o far_o forth_o it_o do_v examine_v and_o resolve_v this_o question_n in_o case_n of_o conscience_n only_o 25_o chap._n vi_o that_o this_o question_n of_o imposition_n may_v be_v examine_v and_o decide_v as_o well_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n before_o mention_v as_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o municipial_n law_n or_o common_a law_n of_o england_n 27_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o general_a and_o that_o the_o same_o do_v consist_v in_o certain_a special_a point_n or_o case_n reserve_v to_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o the_o crown_n when_o the_o positive_a law_n be_v first_o establish_v and_o that_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o submit_v itself_o to_o those_o prerogative_n 29_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o the_o order_n and_o govern_v of_o all_o trade_n and_o traffic_n in_o corporation_n market_n and_o fair_n within_o the_o land_n and_o the_o common_a law_n do_v acknowledge_v this_o prerogative_n and_o submit_v itself_o there_o unto_o 34_o chap._n ix._o that_o the_o king_n have_v another_o prerogative_n in_o the_o government_n in_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n differ_v from_o the_o prerogative_n which_o he_o use_v and_o order_v in_o trade_n and_o traffic_n in_o market_n a_o fair_n within_o the_o land_n and_o of_o the_o difference_n between_o custom_n and_o toll_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n 38_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o ancient_a duty_n call_v custom_n payable_a for_o our_o principal_a commodity_n export_v and_o that_o it_o be_v original_o a_o imposition_n 41_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o ancient_a duty_n call_v prize_n take_v out_o of_o foreign_a good_n import_v except_o wine_n and_o the_o petty-customs_n of_o three_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n be_v accept_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o in_o lieu_n of_o prize_n 46_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o wine_n call_v prizoge_n and_o butlerage_n 50_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o ancient_a officer_n which_o our_o king_n have_v create_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o prerogative_n to_o search_v and_o oversee_v all_o sort_n of_o merchandize_n and_o to_o collect_v the_o duty_n payable_a for_o the_o same_o 52_o chap._n xiv_o of_o other_o imposition_n beside_o the_o ancient_a custom_n before_o mention_v lay_v upon_o merchandize_n by_o several_a king_n and_o queen_n since_o the_o conquest_n some_o of_o which_o imposition_n have_v be_v discontinue_v or_o remit_v and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v continue_v and_o pay_v at_o this_o day_n and_o first_o of_o the_o imposition_n set_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o over_o and_o beside_o the_o custom_n speak_v of_o before_o 53_o chap._n xv_o of_o the_o imposition_n set_v and_o take_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o 55_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o imposition_n lay_v and_o levy_v upon_o merchandize_n by_o king_n edw._n 3_o 57_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o profit_n raise_v unto_o the_o crown_n out_o of_o merchandize_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o several_a king_n who_o succeed_v k._n edw._n 3_o until_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n 62_o chap._n xviii_o that_o queen_n mary_n do_v use_v her_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n 70_o chap._n xix_o that_o queen_n elizabeth_n also_o use_v her_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n 71_o chap_n xx_o that_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n have_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n lay_v several_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n 73_o chap._n xxi_o the_o general_a reason_n whereupon_o this_o prerogative_n be_v ground_v 76_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o several_a objection_n that_o be_v make_v against_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o the_o soveral_a answer_n thereunto_o 94_o chap._n xxiii_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o first_o objection_n 96_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o second_o objection_n touch_v the_o uncertainty_n and_o unbounded_a largeness_n of_o this_o prerogative_n 99_o chap._n xxv_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o second_o objection_n 101_o chap._n xxvi_o the_o three_o objection_n
touch_v the_o repeal_n of_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la by_o king_n edw._n 2_o and_o the_o remit_v all_o of_o divers_a imposition_n by_o king_n edw._n 3_o upon_o sundry_a petition_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n and_o the_o punishment_n of_o divers_a person_n in_o parliament_n for_o procure_v imposition_n to_o be_v set_v up_o 106_o chap._n xxvii_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o three_o objection_n 110_o chap._n xxviii_o the_o four_o objection_n that_o the_o prerogative_n be_v bind_v or_o take_v away_o by_o divers_a act_n of_o parliament_n 129_o chap._n xxix_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o four_o objection_n 131_o chap._n xxx_o the_o five_o objection_n that_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n be_v never_o take_v but_o when_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v by_o parliament_n 140_o chap._n xxxi_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o five_o objection_n 141_o chap._n xxxii_o the_o conclusion_n 146_o chap._n xxxiii_o a_o comparison_n of_o the_o imposition_n set_v and_o take_v in_o england_n by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n with_o the_o exception_n and_o gabelle_n in_o foreign_a state_n and_o kingdom_n whereby_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n do_v not_o bear_v so_o heavy_a a_o burden_n by_o many_o degree_n as_o the_o subject_n of_o other_o nation_n do_v bear_v in_o this_o kind_n 147_o a_o argument_n up_o on_o the_o question_n of_o imposition_n digest_v and_o divide_v into_o sundry_a chapter_n by_o one_o of_o his_o majesty_n learned_a counsel_n in_o ireland_n chap._n i._n the_o exposition_n and_o meaning_n of_o certain_a word_n which_o do_v show_v the_o true_a state_n of_o the_o question_n the_o question_n itself_o be_v no_o more_o than_o this_o whether_o the_o imposition_n which_o the_o king_n â—f_fw-mi england_n have_v lay_v and_o levy_v upon_o merchandise_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n only_o without_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v lawful_a or_o warrant_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n by_o the_o word_n imposition_n we_o mean_v only_o such_o rate_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o the_o king_n by_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n or_o ireland_n have_v set_v upon_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v and_o command_v the_o same_o to_o be_v pay_v and_o levy_v to_o his_o majesty_n use_n over_o and_o above_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n former_o due_a and_o payable_a for_o the_o same_o merchandize_n by_o the_o word_n merchandize_n we_o mean_v only_o such_o good_n or_o merchandize_n as_o be_v transport_v over_o the_o sea_n from_o one_o realm_n or_o dominion_n unto_o another_o to_o be_v sell_v or_o exchange_v for_o reasonable_a gain_n or_o profit_n for_o upon_o the_o ingate_n or_o outgate_n of_o commodity_n so_o cross_v the_o sea_n only_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n for_o merchandize_n be_v pay_v and_o take_v and_o not_o for_o any_o commodity_n carry_v too_o and_o fro_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n within_o one_o and_o the_o same_o realm_n and_o dominion_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n we_o understand_v not_o only_o our_o customary_a common_a law_n and_o our_o statute_n of_o england_n which_o be_v native_a and_o peculiar_a to_o our_o nation_n only_o but_o such_o other_o law_n also_o as_o be_v common_a to_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o we_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o use_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n by_o the_o king_n and_o people_n of_o england_n in_o divers_a case_n and_o by_o such_o ancient_a usage_n be_v become_v the_o law_n of_o england_n in_o such_o case_n namely_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o law-merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n the_o imperial_a or_o civil_a law_n the_o common_a or_o ecclesiastical_a law_n every_o of_o which_o law_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o same_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o use_v in_o england_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n may_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o england_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la and_o the_o force_n thereof_o in_o all_o kingdom_n that_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v a_o principal_a subject_n of_o that_o law_n and_o that_o it_o give_v power_n unto_o all_o king_n to_o take_v custom_n and_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v many_o prerogative_n annex_v to_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n of_o which_o our_o common_a law_n take_v notice_n and_o do_v admit_v and_o approve_v the_o same_o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la or_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v of_o equal_a force_n in_o all_o kingdom_n for_o all_o kingdom_n have_v their_o beginning_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n therefore_o it_o stand_v with_o good_a reason_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n shall_v be_v of_o force_n and_o of_o like_a force_n in_o all_o kingdom_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n in_o the_o realm_n subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n also_o be_v in_o force_n in_o such_o case_n especial_o wherein_o the_o king_n himself_o or_o his_o subject_n have_v correspondence_n or_o commerce_n with_o other_o nation_n who_o be_v not_o bind_v in_o those_o case_n by_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o england_n omnes_fw-la populi_fw-la say_v justinian_n justinian_n qui_fw-la legibus_fw-la et_fw-la moribus_fw-la reguntur_fw-la partim_fw-la suo_fw-la proprio_fw-la partim_fw-la communi_fw-la omnium_fw-la hominum_fw-la jure_fw-la utuntur_fw-la nam_fw-la quod_fw-la cuique_fw-la populus_fw-la ipse_fw-la sibi_fw-la ius_fw-la constituit_fw-la id_fw-la ipsius_fw-la proprium_fw-la civitatis_fw-la est_fw-la vocaturque_fw-la jus_fw-la civil_a quod_fw-la vero_fw-la naturalis_fw-la ratio_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la constituit_fw-la id_fw-la apud_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la plerumque_fw-la custoditur_fw-la vocaturque_fw-la jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la quasi_fw-la quo_fw-la jure_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la utuntur_fw-la and_o in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o be_v say_v ius_fw-la gentium_fw-la omni_fw-la hominum_fw-la generi_fw-la common_fw-la est_fw-la and_o exhoc_fw-la iure_fw-la gentium_fw-la omnes_fw-la pene_fw-la contractus_fw-la introducti_fw-la sunt_fw-la ut_fw-la emptio_fw-la venditio_fw-la locatio_fw-la conductio_fw-la societas_fw-la depositum_fw-la mutuum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o with_o this_o agree_v our_o doctor_n and_o student_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 2._o 1.lib.cap.2_a where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o trade_n and_o traffic_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n so_o that_o commerce_n trade_n and_o traffic_n for_o merchandise_n between_o the_o people_n of_o several_a nation_n and_o kingdom_n be_v a_o principal_a subject_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o therefore_o to_o that_o question_n that_o have_v be_v make_v in_o england_n whether_o the_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n do_v first_o grow_v due_a by_o our_o customary_a common_a law_n or_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n why_o may_v i_o not_o answer_v that_o neither_o the_o customary_a law_n nor_o the_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n but_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n do_v first_o give_v these_o duty_n unto_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n for_o as_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v before_o king_n for_o king_n be_v make_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n ex_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la reges_fw-la originem_fw-la traxerunt_fw-la say_v baldus_n baldus_n so_o king_n be_v no_o soon_o make_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o present_o the_o same_o law_n cum_fw-la creatus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la rex_fw-la ei_fw-la omnia_fw-la regalia_fw-la conceduntur_fw-la and_o competit_fw-la omnibus_fw-la regibus_fw-la jus_fw-la imponendi_fw-la quantum_fw-la habet_fw-la begalia_fw-la say_v baldus_n baldus_n vectigalia_fw-la introduct_fw-la a_fw-la sunt_fw-la à _fw-la jure_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n ideo_fw-la non_fw-la otiosase_fw-la favoralia_fw-la say_v another_o doctor_n do_v annex_v this_o prerogative_n to_o their_o several_a crown_n vectigalorigine_fw-la ipsa_fw-la jus_fw-la caesarum_fw-la et_fw-la regum_fw-la partimoniale_fw-la est_fw-la say_v another_o inhaeret_fw-la sceptro_fw-la say_v another_o and_o therefore_o when_o our_o ancient_a british_a king_n take_v up_o custom_n for_o merchandize_n transport_v into_o france_n as_o strabo_n strabo_n write_v britanni_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la tollebant_fw-la gravia_fw-la earum_fw-la rerum_fw-la quas_fw-la brevi_fw-la trajectu_fw-la in_o galliam_n importabant_fw-la shall_v we_o presume_v they_o do_v it_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n no_o for_o doubtless_o they_o do_v it_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o prerogative_n give_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o king_n upon_o their_o first_o institution_n do_v great_a thing_n than_o this_o by_o their_o prerogative_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n vetusissima_fw-la coronae_fw-la jura_fw-la ex_fw-la singulari_fw-la regum_fw-la decreto_fw-la primitus_fw-la orta_fw-la say_v a_o learned_a doctor_n and_o at_o first_o say_v justinian_n justinian_n arbitria_fw-la regum_fw-la prolegibus_fw-la fuere_fw-la and_o so_o say_v halicarnassus_n lib._n 3._o lib.3_o cicero_n offic._n lib._n 2._o and_o true_o as_o custom_n and_o imposition_n take_v upon_o importation_n of_o merchandize_n be_v most_o proper_o call_v vectigalia_fw-la à _fw-la mercibm_fw-la evectis_fw-la
et_fw-la invectis_fw-la be_v the_o most_o ancient_a duty_n payable_a to_o the_o king_n so_o be_v the_o same_o ground_v say_v bodin_n upon_o the_o great_a reason_n and_o equity_n in_o the_o world_n quid_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la rationi_fw-la et_fw-la aequitati_fw-la magis_fw-la consentaneum_fw-la quà m_fw-la et_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la in_fw-la nostro_fw-la territorio_fw-la et_fw-la ex_fw-la nostris_fw-la questum_fw-la facit_fw-la principi_fw-la nostro_fw-la cujus_fw-la permissu_fw-la et_fw-la sub_fw-la cujus_fw-la protectione_fw-la negotiatur_fw-la aliquod_fw-la perdat_fw-la et_fw-la presolvat_fw-la and_o this_o common_a reason_n and_o equity_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o these_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n what_o be_v it_o else_o but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o which_o common_a reason_n have_v establish_v among_o all_o man_n for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o man_n and_o which_o all_o nation_n have_v receive_v and_o embrace_v for_o their_o mutual_a benefit_n and_o commodity_n neither_o be_v this_o the_o only_a prerogative_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n habet_fw-la et_fw-la rex_fw-la in_fw-la regno_fw-la suo_fw-la say_v bracton_n bracton_n alia_fw-la privilegia_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la propria_fw-la viz._n soreceum_fw-la maris_fw-la thesaurum_fw-la insentum_fw-la grossos_fw-la pisces_fw-la and_o balenas_fw-la et_fw-la sturgiones_fw-la wavias_n etc._n etc._n huiusmodi_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentiune_n pertinent_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la say_v stampford_n prerogativa_fw-la regis_fw-la fol._n 37._o 6._o add_v hereunto_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o the_o king_n to_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n league_n and_o truce_n to_o grant_v safe_a conduct_n to_o pardon_v all_o offender_n to_o distribute_v all_o degree_n of_o honour_n and_o the_o like_a wherein_o the_o king_n have_v sole_a and_o absolute_a power_n merune_v imperium_fw-la et_fw-la non_fw-la mixtum_fw-la and_o which_o prerogative_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o crown_n and_o incident_a to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n 37.6_o last_o for_o the_o proof_n that_o our_o common_a law_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o prove_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o most_o of_o these_o case_n the_o book_n 19_o edw._n 4._o 6._o 4.6_o do_v approve_v the_o king_n absolute_a power_n in_o make_v war_n peace_n and_o league_n and_o in_o 37_o edw._n 6._o 20._o 6.20_o that_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereby_o the_o high_a constable_n and_o marshal_n of_o england_n do_v proceed_v in_o their_o court_n of_o war_n and_o chivalry_n be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n we_o find_v also_o the_o king_n sole_a power_n in_o 11_o hen._n 4._o 4_o rot._n parliament_n in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la london_n for_o coin_v of_o money_n we_o have_v the_o case_n of_o mine_n com._n 316._o 316_o for_o safe_a conduct_n of_o merchant_n and_o stop_v of_o trade_n tempore_fw-la guerrae_fw-la and_o letter_n of_o reprisal_n we_o have_v 7_o edw._n 4.19.2_o r._n 3.2_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o cap.30_n and_o the_o register_n wherein_o we_o find_v writ_n of_o reprisal_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o how_o it_o differ_v from_o our_o common_a law_n and_o how_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o law_n merchandize_n do_v differ_v from_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o do_v not_o cross_v the_o sea_n and_o how_o the_o common_a law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v admit_v and_o allow_v of_o the_o law_n merchant_n mercaturavel_v societas_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la est_fw-la magna_fw-la respublica_fw-la say_v ulpian_n ulpian_n and_o therefore_o that_o commonwealth_n of_o merchant_n have_v always_o have_v a_o peculiar_a and_o proper_a law_n to_o rule_v and_o govern_v it_o this_o law_n be_v call_v the_o law_n merchant_n whereof_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n do_v take_v special_a knowledge_n first_o both_o the_o common_a law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o law_n merchant_n and_o do_v leave_v the_o cause_n of_o merchant_n and_o merchandize_n to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o that_o law_n for_o what_o say_v the_o book_n of_o 13_o edw._n 4.9_o 10_o 4.9,10_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n make_v suit_n before_o the_o king_n privy_a council_n for_o certain_a bail_n of_o silk_n felonious_o take_v from_o he_o and_o it_o be_v move_v that_o this_o matter_n may_v be_v determine_v by_o common_a law_n unto_o which_o motion_n the_o lord_n chancellor_n do_v there_o answer_n this_o suit_n be_v bring_v by_o a_o merchant_n who_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o sue_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n nor_o to_o tarry_v the_o trial_n of_o twelve_o man_n nor_o other_o solemnity_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n albeit_o the_o king_n have_v jurisdiction_n of_o he_o within_o the_o realm_n and_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o stand_v to_o his_o judgement_n yet_o this_o must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o some_o call_v the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o law_n universal_a throughout_o the_o word_n these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o that_o book_n and_o it_o be_v there_o resolve_v by_o all_o the_o justice_n that_o if_o the_o merchandize_n of_o such_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n be_v steal_v and_o wave_v by_o the_o felon_n the_o king_n himself_o shall_v not_o take_v those_o merchandize_n as_o waif_n though_o in_o that_o case_n the_o good_n of_o another_o person_n be_v lose_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n do_v not_o this_o case_n make_v it_o manifest_a that_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o common_a law_n merchandize_n that_o cross_v the_o sea_n be_v good_n of_o another_o nature_n quality_n and_o consideration_n than_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o be_v possess_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o do_v not_o cross_v the_o sea_n this_o learning_n be_v not_o common_a in_o our_o book_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o meet_v to_o exemplify_v this_o difference_n with_o more_o case_n in_o this_o point_n if_o two_o merchant_n be_v joint-owner_n or_o partner_n in_o merchandize_n which_o they_o have_v acquire_v by_o a_o joint-contract_n in_o this_o case_n the_o one_o shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o account_n against_o the_o other_o die_fw-la legem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la say_v the_o register_n fol._n 135._o and_o f._n n._n 117._o d._n d._n and_o yet_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n if_o two_o man_n be_v joint_o possess_v of_o other_o good_n which_o be_v not_o merchandize_n the_o one_o shall_v not_o call_v the_o other_o to_o account_n for_o the_o same_o again_o if_o two_o merchant_n have_v a_o joint_a interest_n in_o merchandize_n if_o the_o own_o die_v the_o survivor_n shall_v not_o have_v all_o but_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o party_n decease_a shall_v by_o the_o law_n merchant_n call_v the_o survivor_n to_o a_o account_n for_o the_o moiety_n f.n._n 117._o d._n d._n whereas_o if_o there_o be_v two_o joint_n of_o other_o good_n which_o be_v not_o merchandize_n the_o survivor_n shall_v have_v all_o per_fw-la jus_fw-la accrescendi_fw-la even_o by_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n again_o in_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o a_o simple_a contract_n which_o be_v without_o deed_n in_o writing_n the_o defendant_n by_o the_o common_a law_n may_v wage_v his_o law_n that_o be_v he_o may_v bar_v the_o plaintiff_n of_o his_o action_n by_o take_v a_o oath_n that_o he_o do_v not_o owe_v the_o debt_n nor_o any_o part_n thereof_o and_o yet_o in_o itin._n derby_n 2_o edw._n 3._o 3_o john_n crompton_n merchant_n upon_o a_o contract_n without_o deed_n the_o defendant_n will_v have_v wage_v his_o law_n but_o be_v not_o permit_v so_o to_o do_v and_o so_o judgement_n be_v give_v against_o the_o say_a defendant_n again_o the_o good_n of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n be_v discharge_v of_o toll_n by_o the_o common_a law_n si_fw-la non_fw-la exerceat_fw-la marchandizas_n de_fw-la eisdem_fw-la say_v the_o register_n 259._o a._o a._n for_o than_o their_o good_n be_v charge_v be_v now_o become_v good_n of_o another_o nature_n when_o the_o same_o be_v turn_v into_o merchandize_n so_o be_v the_o good_n of_o the_o french_a nobility_n discharge_v by_o gabelle_n and_o imposition_n if_o they_o traffic_v not_o but_o if_o they_o traffic_v say_v bodin_n bodin_n their_o good_n be_v charge_v like_o other_o merchandize_n again_o for_o good_n wrongful_o take_v within_o the_o land_n the_o common_a law_n give_v remedy_n against_o the_o trespasser_n or_o the_o wrongful_a taker_n only_o but_o if_o a_o english_a merchant_n be_v spoil_v of_o his_o merchandize_n upon_o the_o sea_n or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o subject_a of_o another_o king_n the_o register_n do_v give_v he_o a_o writ_n of_o reprisal_n against_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o that_o nation_n regist._n 122._o 6._o and_o 46_o hen._n 3._o 3_o we_o find_v a_o more_o brief_a cause_n of_o justice_n for_o there_o the_o king_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o
loss_n which_o certain_a merchant_n of_o london_n have_v sustain_v by_o a_o arrest_n make_v of_o their_o good_n make_v by_o the_o countess_n of_o flanders_n do_v grant_v unto_o they_o all_o the_o merchandize_n whereof_o the_o fleming_n be_v possess_v in_o england_n rot._n pa._n 3_o e.1.m._n 19_o in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la london_n london_n whereupon_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n do_v seize_v so_o much_o good_n of_o the_o flemish_a merchant_n as_o amount_v to_o 730._o mark_n and_o deliver_v the_o same_o to_o thomas_n debass_v and_o other_o merchant_n who_o have_v suffer_v loss_n by_o that_o arrest_n and_o in_o the_o same_o roll_n of_o 3_o ed._n 1._o 1_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n and_o bailiff_n of_o southampton_n be_v command_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n quodomnes_fw-la mercatores_fw-la londienses_fw-la ad_fw-la partes_fw-la angliae_fw-la accedentes_fw-la per_fw-la bona_fw-la et_fw-la catalla_fw-la sua_fw-la distrin_fw-la guantur_fw-la sed_fw-la in_fw-la legem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la et_fw-la consueti_fw-la dinem_fw-la regni_fw-la ad_fw-la satisfaciendum_fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la florentinis_fw-la de_fw-la pecuniis_fw-la ipfi_fw-la mutuo_fw-la tradiderunt_fw-la willielmo_n episcopo_fw-la leodiensi_fw-la here_o we_o see_v that_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la which_o do_v apparent_o differ_v from_o the_o ordinary_a common_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v say_v to_o be_v consuetudo_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o last_o in_o a_o suit_n at_o the_o common_a law_n no_o man_n write_v can_v be_v plead_v against_o he_o as_o his_o act_n and_o deed_n unless_o the_o same_o be_v seal_v and_o deliver_v but_o in_o a_o suit_n between_o merchant_n bill_n of_o lade_n bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v but_o ticket_n without_o seal_n letter_n of_o advice_n and_o credence_n policy_n of_o assurance_n assignation_n of_o debt_n all_o which_o be_v of_o no_o force_n at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v of_o good_a credit_n and_o force_n by_o the_o law_n merchant_n thus_o we_o see_v how_o merchandize_n do_v differ_v from_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n and_o how_o the_o law_n merchant_n do_v differ_v from_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o how_o the_o common_a law_n do_v admit_v and_o allow_v thereof_o our_o parliament_n likewise_o have_v not_o only_o make_v extraordinary_a provision_n for_o the_o more_o speedy_a recovery_n of_o debt_n due_a unto_o merchant_n for_o their_o merchandize_n than_o be_v provide_v by_o our_o common_a law_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnell_n make_v the_o 11_o ed._n 1._o and_o the_o statute_n de_fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la make_v 13_o ed._n 1._o but_o also_o have_v course_n of_o proceed_n in_o case_n of_o merchant_n differ_v from_o the_o course_n of_o our_o common_a law_n for_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o ed._n 3.cap_n 2_o 2_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o proceed_n in_o cause_n of_o merchant_n shall_v be_v from_o day_n to_o day_n and_o hour_n to_o hour_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o staple_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o another_o article_n in_o the_o same_o parliament_n that_o all_o merchant_n come_v to_o the_o staple_n shall_v be_v rule_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o merchant_n touch_v all_o thing_n come_v to_o the_o staple_n and_o not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o by_o another_o article_n that_o neither_o of_o the_o bench_n nor_o any_o ordinary_a judge_n of_o the_o common_a law_n shall_v have_v any_o jurisdiction_n in_o those_o case_n and_o last_o that_o the_o law_n of_o marque_n and_o reprisal_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n merchant_n shall_v be_v use_v as_o it_o have_v be_v use_v in_o time_n past_a so_o as_o the_o parliament_n do_v but_o declare_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o do_v not_o introduce_v a_o new_a law_n in_o those_o case_n until_o i_o understand_v this_o difference_n between_o merchandize_n and_o other_o good_n and_o between_o the_o law_n merchant_n and_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n i_o confess_v i_o do_v not_o a_o little_a marvel_n england_n be_v so_o rich_a and_o entertain_v traffic_n with_o all_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n have_v so_o many_o fair_a port_n and_o so_o good_a ship_n the_o king_n of_o england_n also_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o also_o a_o principal_a part_n of_o his_o royal_a revenue_n consist_v in_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n so_o as_o many_o question_n must_v of_o necessity_n arise_v in_o all_o age_n touch_v merchant_n and_o merchandize_n what_o shall_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o our_o book_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v so_o few_o case_n concerning_o ship_n or_o merchant_n or_o concerning_o custom_n or_o imposition_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n but_o now_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v apparent_a for_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n do_v leave_v these_o case_n to_o be_v rule_v by_o another_o law_n namely_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o law_n merchant_n as_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n be_v universal_a and_o one_o and_o the_o same_o in_o all_o country_n in_o the_o world_n for_o as_o ciccro_n cicero_n say_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n non_fw-la orit_fw-la alia_fw-la lex_fw-la romae_fw-la alia_fw-la athenis_fw-la alia_fw-la nune_fw-la alia_fw-la posthac_fw-la sed_fw-la et_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la et_fw-la omni_fw-la tempore_fw-la unalex_fw-la eademque_fw-la perpetua_fw-la continebit_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o may_v we_o say_v of_o the_o law_n merchant_n there_o be_v not_o one_o law_n in_o england_n another_o in_o france_n another_o in_o spain_n another_o in_o germany_n but_o the_o same_o rule_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o like_a proceed_n of_o the_o law_n merchant_n be_v observe_v in_o every_o nation_n for_o as_o our_o chancellor_n of_o england_n affirm_v 13_o e._n 4._o 9_o 4.9_o that_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o law_n merchant_n ought_v to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v universal_a so_o say_v the_o civilian_n of_o several_a nation_n the_o italian_a doctor_n say_v in_fw-la curia_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la naturalis_fw-la aequitas_fw-la praecipue_fw-la expectanda_fw-la and_o ex_fw-la aequo_fw-la et_fw-la bono_fw-la causas_fw-la dirimendas_fw-la esse_fw-la the_o french_a man_n say_v in_fw-la curia_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la proceditur_fw-la de_fw-fr mer_fw-la a_fw-la aequitate_fw-la omissis_fw-la solemnitatibus_fw-la et_fw-la apicibus_fw-la juris_fw-la the_o spaniard_n likewise_o say_v apices_fw-la et_fw-la subtilitas_fw-la juris_fw-la non_fw-la considerantur_fw-la in_fw-la foro_fw-la mercatorio_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o cause_n concerning_o merchant_n and_o merchandize_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o peculiar_a and_o ordinary_a law_n of_o every_o country_n but_o by_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n out_o of_o which_o result_v this_o conclusion_n suppose_v it_o be_v admit_v that_o by_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o the_o land_n tax_n and_o tallage_n may_v not_o be_v lay_v upon_o our_o good_n within_o the_o land_n without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o by_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v also_o the_o law_n of_o england_n in_o case_n of_o merchandize_n the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o well_o as_o other_o king_n may_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n be_v good_n whereupon_o the_o law_n do_v set_v another_o character_n than_o good_n possess_v in_o the_o land_n as_o be_v before_o express_v chap._n iv._o of_o the_o imperial_a or_o civil_a law_n and_o of_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n thereof_o of_o what_o force_v it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n within_o the_o monarchy_n of_o europe_n and_o in_o what_o case_n it_o be_v receive_v within_o the_o king_n of_o england_n dominion_n and_o how_o it_o warrant_v all_o king_n and_o absolute_a prince_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n when_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n be_v gentium_fw-la domina_fw-la et_fw-la civitas_fw-la illa_fw-la magna_fw-la quae_fw-la regnabat_fw-la super_fw-la reges_fw-la terrae_fw-la the_o roman_a civil_a civilis_fw-la law_n be_v communicate_v unto_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o that_o empire_n become_v the_o common_a law_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabit_a world_n yet_o the_o extent_n thereof_o be_v never_o so_o large_a as_o that_o of_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n as_o it_o be_v note_v by_o cicero_n offic._n lib._n 2._o 2_o majores_fw-la nosiri_fw-la aliud_fw-la jus_fw-la geutium_fw-la aliud_fw-la civil_fw-la jus_fw-la esse_fw-la voluerunt_fw-la quod_fw-la enim_fw-la civil_fw-la non_fw-la idem_fw-la continue_v gentium_fw-la quod_fw-la autem_fw-la idem_fw-la civil_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v a_o bind_a law_n in_o all_o state_n and_o country_n as_o
it_o be_v bind_v so_o it_o be_v perpetual_a and_o can_v be_v reject_v as_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n be_v reject_v in_o most_o of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n in_o such_o case_n as_o do_v arise_v within_o the_o body_n of_o every_o kingdom_n in_o france_n philip_n le_fw-fr bell_n say_v bodin_n de_fw-la repub._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 8._o li.2.cap.8_n when_o he_o erect_v the_o court_n of_o parliament_n at_o paris_n and_o mountpelier_n do_v express_o declare_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v bind_v in_o their_o judgement_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n and_o in_o erect_v of_o all_o the_o university_n of_o france_n they_o be_v charge_v in_o their_o several_a charter_n not_o to_o revive_v the_o profession_n of_o the_o civil_a and_o common_a law_n as_o of_o bind_v law_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o earum_fw-la non_fw-la imperio_fw-la sed_fw-la ratione_fw-la utimur_fw-la say_v another_o learned_a doctor_n of_o france_n in_o spain_n say_v bodin_n bodin_n in_o the_o same_o place_n several_a king_n have_v make_v edict_n that_o no_o man_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n shall_v allege_v the_o roman_a civil_a law_n as_o a_o bind_a law_n in_o their_o dominion_n and_o that_o stephen_n king_n of_o spain_n spain_n do_v forbid_v the_o public_a plead_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o for_o england_n to_o omit_v what_o pope_n elutherius_n eluther_n write_v in_o his_o epistle_n to_o lucius_n the_o first_o christian_a monarch_n of_o the_o briton_n and_o whereof_o mention_n be_v make_v in_o saint_n edward_n law_n de_fw-fr protestate_fw-la regius_fw-la et_fw-la ecclesiastica_fw-la publish_v in_o the_o time_n of_o 3_o hen._n 8_o petiistis_fw-la say_v he_o leges_fw-la romanas_fw-la et_fw-la caesaris_fw-la vobis_fw-la transmitti_fw-la quibus_fw-la in_fw-la regno_fw-la britaniae_fw-la uti_fw-la voluistis_fw-la leges_fw-la romanas_fw-la et_fw-la caesaris_fw-la reprobare_fw-la possumus_fw-la legem_fw-la dei_fw-la nequaquam_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o a_o parliament_n hold_v in_o england_n 11_o r._n 2._o when_o a_o course_n of_o proceed_n in_o criminal_a cause_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v propound_v a_o answer_n be_v make_v by_o all_o the_o state_n assemble_v that_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n neither_o have_v be_v informer_n time_n nor_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v rule_v and_o govern_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n rot._n parliament_n 11_o r._n 2._o in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la london_n and_o according_o chopinus_n chopinn_z the_o french_a lawyer_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr domino_fw-la francia_fw-la tit._n 28._o speak_v of_o the_o civil_a law_n huius_fw-la romani_fw-la juris_fw-la say_v he_o nullus_fw-la apud_fw-la anglos_fw-la usus_fw-la sed_fw-la ex_fw-la veteri_fw-la gentis_fw-la instituto_fw-la britani_n reguntur_fw-la legibus_fw-la municipialibus_fw-la quas_fw-la illis_fw-la majorum_fw-la mores_fw-la praescripserunt_fw-la but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o cause_n arise_v within_o the_o land_n only_o for_o all_o marine_a and_o sea_n cause_v which_o do_v arise_v for_o the_o most_o part_n concerning_o merch_n and_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n our_o king_n have_v ever_o use_v the_o roman_a civil_a law_n for_o the_o decide_v and_o determine_v thereof_o as_o the_o roman_n do_v use_v the_o law_n of_o the_o rhodian_n rhodian_n in_o those_o case_n according_a to_o the_o memorable_a rescript_n of_o the_o emperor_n antonius_n terram_fw-la suis_fw-la legibus_fw-la rhodiis_fw-la regi_fw-la how_o be_v it_o now_o those_o law_n of_o the_o rhodian_n be_v digest_v and_o incorporate_v into_o one_o body_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o jurisdiction_n touch_v cause_n arise_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v commit_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o his_o admiral_n who_o in_o his_o court_n of_o admiralty_n do_v proceed_v in_o those_o case_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n now_o for_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n touch_v the_o power_n of_o king_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n the_o same_o be_v clear_a without_o question_n and_o observe_v without_o contradiction_n in_o all_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n regiitantum_fw-la juris_fw-la ac_fw-la muneris_fw-la est_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la imponere_fw-la redditus_fw-la seu_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la portus_fw-la quae_fw-la perveniant_fw-la ex_fw-la his_fw-la quae_fw-la in_fw-la portum_fw-la vel_fw-la ex_fw-la portu_fw-la vehentur_fw-la regalia_fw-la sunt_fw-la rex_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la recognoscit_fw-la superior_a they_o potest_fw-la instituere_fw-la nova_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la etc._n etc._n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la jus_fw-la totius_fw-la mundi_fw-la totus_fw-la mundus_fw-la hoc_fw-la jure_fw-la utitur_fw-la the_o d._n doctor_n who_o interpret_v the_o imperial_a law_n have_v their_o book_n full_a of_o these_o rule_n and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o these_o rule_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n be_v only_o intend_v of_o the_o emperor_n a_o learned_a civilian_n have_v this_o position_n plus_fw-la juris_fw-la habet_fw-la rex_fw-la in_fw-la regno_fw-la quam_fw-la imperator_fw-la in_fw-la imperio_fw-la quia_fw-la rex_fw-la transmittit_fw-la regnum_fw-la ad_fw-la successionem_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la facit_fw-la imperator_fw-la quy_a tantum_fw-la electionis_fw-la etc._n etc._n last_o when_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o make_v use_n thereof_o i_o do_v apply_v the_o same_o only_a in_o case_n of_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n which_o i_o do_v express_v by_o way_n of_o protestation_n that_o i_o may_v not_o be_v mistake_v here_o and_o in_o other_o place_n where_o i_o cite_v the_o text_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n as_o if_o i_o intend_v that_o law_n to_o be_v of_o force_n in_o england_n general_o as_o in_o other_o place_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o canon_n or_o ecelesiastical_a law_n and_o how_o far_o forth_o it_o do_v examine_v and_o resolve_v this_o question_n in_o case_n of_o conscience_n only_o the_o canon_n law_n law_n be_v receive_v and_o admit_v in_o england_n as_o a_o binding-law_n in_o case_n ecclesiastical_a which_o be_v indeed_o the_o proper_a subject_n of_o that_o law_n but_o this_o question_n of_o imposition_n be_v mere_o civil_a and_o therefore_o the_o canon_n law_n do_v not_o handle_v it_o but_o in_o case_n of_o conscience_n only_o and_o so_o indeed_o it_o do_v examine_v and_o determine_v in_o what_o case_n a_o absolute_a prince_n may_v with_o a_o good_a conscience_n lay_v and_o demand_v new_a imposition_n decret._n causae_fw-la 24._o quaesti_fw-la 3._o 3_o princeps_fw-la potest_fw-la indicere_fw-la nova_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la and_o in_o summa_fw-la summarum_fw-la tit._n degabellis_fw-la et_fw-la exactionibus_fw-la these_o rule_n and_o distinction_n be_v lay_v down_o quilibet_fw-la monarcha_fw-la potest_fw-la imponere_fw-la novum_fw-la vectigal_fw-la quod_fw-la tamen_fw-la boni_fw-la viri_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la moderaudum_fw-la est_fw-la potest_fw-la princeps_fw-la imponere_fw-la vectigal_fw-la ultra_fw-la conventiovem_fw-la in_fw-la duobue_fw-la casibus_fw-la i_o quando_fw-la redditus_fw-la ejus_fw-la non_fw-la sufficiunt_fw-la ad_fw-la segimen_fw-la boni_fw-la et_fw-la communis_fw-la et_fw-la decentiam_fw-la status_fw-la ejus_fw-la 2._o quando_fw-la non_fw-la sufficiunt_fw-la ex_fw-la nova_fw-la emergentia_fw-la principes_fw-la enim_fw-la sunt_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la instituti_fw-la ut_fw-la nō_fw-la quaerant_fw-la propria_fw-la lucra_fw-la sed_fw-la communem_fw-la utilitatem_fw-la populorum_fw-la lilia_fw-la agri_fw-la neque_fw-la arant_fw-la neque_fw-la nent_fw-la which_o may_v be_v apply_v say_v a_o french_a monk_n to_o all_o prince_n but_o espicial_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n because_o they_o bear_v the_o lily_n the_o canonist_n canonist_n do_v likewise_o allege_v the_o example_n of_o our_o saviour_n who_o pay_v a_o imposition_n of_o poll-money_n poll-money_n and_o wrought_v a_o miracle_n to_o enable_v himself_o to_o do_v it_o that_o the_o tribute-money_n which_o christ_n command_v to_o be_v pay_v date_fw-la caefari_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la caesaris_fw-la and_o the_o custom_n which_o saint_n paul_n paul_n will_v every_o christian_n to_o pay_v willing_o reddite_fw-la omnibus_fw-la cui_fw-la tributum_fw-la cuivectigal_fw-la be_v but_o imposition_n raise_v by_o the_o emperor_n edict_n only_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n and_o yet_o saint_n paul_n require_v obedience_n to_o prince_n in_o that_o case_n not_o only_o for_o fear_n of_o the_o prince_n displeasure_n but_o for_o conscience_n sake_n non_fw-la solum_fw-la propter_fw-la iram_fw-la sed_fw-la propter_fw-la conscientiam_fw-la chap._n vi_o that_o this_o question_n of_o imposition_n may_v be_v examine_v and_o decide_v as_o well_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n before_o mention_v as_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o municipial_n law_n or_o common_a law_n of_o england_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v law_n in_o all_o king_n dom_n and_o the_o law_n merchant_n be_v also_o a_o branch_n of_o that_o law_n and_o likewise_o the_o imperial_a or_o roman_a law_n have_v be_v ever_o admit_v have_v receive_v by_o the_o king_n and_o people_n of_o england_n in_o cause_n concerning_o merchant_n and_o merchandize_n and_o so_o be_v become_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o those_o case_n why_o shall_v not_o this_o question_n of_o imposition_n be_v examine_v and_o decide_v by_o
the_o rule_n of_o those_o law_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o same_o do_v concern_v merchant_n and_o merchandize_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o customary_a or_o common_a law_n of_o england_n especial_o be_v cause_v the_o rule_n of_o those_o other_o law_n be_v well_o know_v to_o the_o other_o nation_n with_o who_o we_o have_v commerce_n and_o to_o who_o and_o from_o who_o all_o merchandize_n be_v transport_v whereas_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o own_o municipal_a law_n be_v only_o know_v within_o our_o island_n and_o if_o this_o question_n may_v be_v decide_v either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o by_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v but_o a_o member_n thereof_o or_o by_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n we_o find_v this_o point_n clear_o and_o absolute_o determine_v and_o overruled_a by_o the_o rule_n of_o those_o law_n viz._n that_o all_o absolute_a king_n and_o prince_n may_v set_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n by_o their_o prerogative_n and_o thereupon_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o since_o one_o monarch_n have_v as_o much_o power_n as_o another_o as_o fortescue_n fortescue_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr laudibus_fw-la legum_fw-la angliae_fw-la affirm_v the_o k._n of_o england_n as_o well_o as_o any_o other_o king_n as_o the_o emperor_n himself_o cum_fw-la ipse_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la habet_fw-la in_fw-la regno_fw-la suo_fw-la quas_fw-la imperator_fw-la vindicat_fw-la in_fw-la imperio_fw-la as_o king_n william_n rufus_n tell_v the_o archbishop_n anselm_n may_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o royal_a prerogative_n annex_v to_o his_o crown_n and_o inherent_a to_o his_o sceptre_n lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n export_v or_o import_v into_o any_o of_o his_o kingdom_n or_o doninion_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o general_a and_o that_o the_o same_o do_v consist_v in_o certain_a special_a point_n or_o case_n reserve_v to_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o the_o crown_n when_o the_o positive_a law_n be_v first_o establish_v and_o that_o the_o canon_n law_n of_o england_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o submit_v itself_o to_o these_o prerogative_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n all_o thing_n be_v common_a and_o all_o person_n equal_a there_o be_v neither_o meum_fw-la nor_o tuum_fw-la there_o be_v neither_o king_n nor_o subject_a then_o come_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o do_v limit_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o bring_v in_o property_n which_o bring_v in_o community_n of_o thing_n which_o bring_v in_o king_n and_o ruler_n which_o take_v away_o equality_n of_o person_n for_o property_n cause_v contract_n trade_n and_o traffic_n which_o can_v not_o be_v minister_v without_o a_o king_n or_o magistrate_n so_o as_o the_o first_o and_o principal_a cause_n of_o make_v king_n be_v to_o maintain_v property_n and_o contract_n and_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n among_o man_n hereupon_o by_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nation_n tribute_n and_o custom_n become_v due_a to_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n to_o maintain_v he_o in_o his_o place_n of_o government_n quasi_fw-la ministerii_fw-la sui_fw-la stipendia_fw-la say_v the_o school-man_n deo_fw-la minister_fw-la est_fw-la tibi_fw-la in_fw-la bonum_fw-la ideo_fw-la et_fw-la tributa_fw-la potestas_fw-la say_v saint_n paul_n and_o all_o these_o thing_n namely_o property_n and_o contract_n and_o king_n and_o custom_n be_v before_o any_o positive_a law_n be_v make_v then_o come_v the_o positive_a law_n and_o limit_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereas_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o king_n have_v a_o absolute_a and_o unlimited_a power_n in_o all_o matter_n whatsoever_o by_o the_o positive_a law_n the_o king_n himself_o be_v please_v to_o limit_v and_o stint_v his_o absolute_a power_n and_o to_o tie_v himself_o to_o the_o ordinary_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n in_o common_a and_o ordinary_a case_n worthy_o and_o princely_a according_a to_o the_o roman_a emperor_n dignissimum_fw-la principe_fw-la rex_fw-la se_fw-la allegatum_fw-la legibus_fw-la consiteri_fw-la retain_v and_o reserve_v notwithstanding_o in_o many_o point_n that_o absolute_a and_o unlimited_a power_n which_o be_v give_v unto_o he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o in_o these_o case_n or_o point_n the_o king_n prerogative_n do_v consist_v so_o as_o the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v not_o grant_v unto_o he_o by_o the_o people_n but_o reserve_v by_o himself_o to_o himself_o when_o the_o positive_a law_n be_v first_o establish_v and_o the_o king_n do_v exercise_v a_o double_a power_n viz._n a_o absolute_a power_n or_o merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la when_o he_o do_v use_v prerogative_n only_o which_o be_v not_o bind_v by_o the_o positive_a law_n and_o a_o ordinary_a power_n of_o jurisdiction_n which_o do_v cooperate_v with_o the_o law_n and_o whereby_o he_o do_v minister_v justice_n to_o the_o people_n according_a to_o the_o prescript_n rule_n of_o the_o positive_a law_n as_o for_o example_n the_o king_n do_v not_o condemn_v all_o malefactor_n but_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o positive_a law_n but_o when_o the_o malefactor_n be_v condemn_v by_o the_o law_n he_o give_v he_o a_o pardon_n by_o his_o absolute_a prerogative_n again_o the_o king_n do_v punish_v the_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n within_o the_o land_n by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n but_o he_o do_v make_v war_n and_o peace_n with_o foreign_a nation_n quod_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la liberum_fw-la jus_fw-la gladii_fw-la as_o a_o doctor_n speak_v by_o that_o absolute_a and_o unlimited_a power_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v give_v unto_o he_o again_o the_o king_n do_v establish_v the_o standard_n of_o money_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n only_o for_o the_o common_a law_n do_v give_v no_o rule_n touch_v the_o matter_n or_o form_n or_o value_n thereof_o but_o when_o those_o money_n be_v disperse_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o subject_n the_o same_o do_v become_v subject_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o property_n thereof_o to_o the_o ordinary_a rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n again_o the_o right_a of_o freehold_n and_o all_o inheritance_n and_o all_o contract_n real_a and_o personal_a arise_v within_o the_o land_n be_v leave_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o the_o land_n but_o the_o government_n and_o order_n of_o traffic_n trade_n and_o commerce_n both_o within_o the_o land_n and_o without_o do_v rest_n in_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o principal_a prerogative_n wherein_o the_o king_n be_v like_a to_o primum_fw-la mobile_a which_o carry_v about_o all_o the_o inferior_a sphere_n in_o his_o superior_a course_n and_o yet_o do_v suffer_v all_o the_o planet_n underneath_o he_o to_o finish_v all_o their_o divers_a and_o particular_a course_n or_o rather_o he_o do_v imitate_v the_o divine_a majesty_n which_o in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o world_n do_v suffer_v thing_n for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o pass_v according_a to_o the_o order_n and_o course_n of_o nature_n yet_o many_o time_n do_v show_v his_o extraordinary_a power_n in_o work_v of_o miracle_n above_o nature_n and_o true_o as_o the_o king_n do_v suffer_v the_o customary_a law_n of_o england_n to_o have_v her_o course_n on_o the_o one_o side_n so_o do_v the_o same_o law_n yield_v submit_v and_o give_v way_n to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n over_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o in_o the_o 1_o hen._n 7._o fol._n 23._o 7.fol.23_n there_o be_v a_o rule_n that_o every_o custom_n be_v void_a in_o law_n quae_fw-la exaltat_fw-la in_fw-la praerogativum_fw-la regis_fw-la which_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v more_o ancient_a than_o the_o customary_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n beside_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n above_o the_o common_a law_n do_v appear_v in_o this_o that_o whereas_o all_o privilege_n do_v flow_v and_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o king_n prerogative_n and_o every_o privilege_n in_o one_o point_n or_o other_o private_a communem_fw-la legem_fw-la yet_o the_o common_a law_n do_v admit_v and_o allow_v of_o privilege_n grant_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o the_o order_n and_o govern_v of_o all_o trade_n and_o traffic_n in_o corporation_n market_n and_o fair_n within_o the_o land_n and_o the_o common_a law_n do_v acknowledge_v this_o prerogative_n and_o submit_v itself_o there_o unto_o first_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o all_o corporation_n of_o city_n and_o borough_n within_o the_o land_n be_v chief_o institute_v for_o trade_n and_o commerce_n and_o not_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o common_a law_n no_o such_o corporation_n can_v be_v make_v but_o by_o the_o king_n charter_n for_o though_o there_o have_v be_v some_o corporation_n which_o have_v be_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n yet_o the_o law_n presume_v that_o the_o same_o at_o first_o have_v their_o beginning_n by_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o king_n beside_o we_o find_v in_o divers_a ancient_a charter_n make_v unto_o those_o corporation_n a_o power_n grant_v unto_o the_o king_n to_o take_v de_fw-la
omnibus_fw-la rebus_fw-la venalibus_fw-la within_o their_o liberty_n certain_a sum_n of_o money_n viz._n delibra_fw-la piperis_fw-la so_o much_o de_fw-la libra_fw-la zinziberis_fw-la so_o much_o de_fw-la quolibet_fw-la panno_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o murage_n or_o towards_o the_o reparation_n of_o their_o wall_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o imposition_n lay_v by_o the_o king_n charter_n to_o maintain_v those_o city_n and_o borough_n wherein_o trade_n and_o traffic_n be_v maintain_v we_o find_v such_o a_o charter_n grant_v to_o nottingham_n 3_o edw._n 1._o pat_o m._n 21._o 21_o in_o arch._n turris_fw-la london_n the_o like_a be_v grant_v to_o cloneniell_n and_o to_o some_o other_o town_n in_o ireland_n f.n._n 170._o b._n d._n we_o find_v a_o patent_n grant_v to_o a_o burrow_n in_o england_n to_o take_v for_o five_o year_n a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o every_o passenger_n towards_o the_o pave_n of_o the_o same_o town_n again_o no_o fair_a or_o market_n may_v be_v hold_v within_o the_o realm_n neither_o can_v a_o multitude_n of_o subject_n assemble_v themselves_o together_o to_o that_o end_n without_o a_o special_a warrant_n or_o grant_v of_o the_o king_n and_o when_o a_o subject_a have_v a_o grant_n of_o a_o fair_a he_o have_v a_o court_n of_o money-powder_n incident_a thereunto_o wherein_o the_o proceed_n in_o summary_n and_o de_fw-la plano_fw-la from_o hour_n to_o hour_n as_o in_o the_o court_n of_o merchant_n and_o for_o the_o government_n of_o all_o fair_n and_o market_n especial_o touch_v weight_n and_o measure_n the_o standard_n whereof_o be_v first_o establish_v by_o the_o king_n ordinance_n to_o who_o the_o establish_n of_o the_o standard_n money_n which_o be_v mensura_fw-la publica_fw-la omnium_fw-la rerum_fw-la commut_fw-la abilium_fw-la be_v also_o reserve_v as_o a_o special_a commodity_n beside_o in_o every_o fair_a and_o market_n where_o thing_n be_v buy_v by_o retail_n for_o the_o necessary_a use_n of_o the_o buyer_n and_o not_o to_o sell_v the_o same_o again_o as_o merchandize_n in_o another_o market_n for_o that_o be_v regrate_v and_o unlawful_a by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n there_o be_v a_o toll_n take_v which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o imposition_n lay_v upon_o the_o buyer_n and_o that_o that_o toll_n be_v original_o impose_v by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n it_o be_v manifest_a in_o this_o that_o the_o ancient_a tenant_n of_o the_o crown_n namely_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demean_v be_v discharge_v of_o toll_n in_o all_o market_n and_o fair_n and_o that_o the_o king_n by_o charter_n have_v discharge_v divers_a other_o person_n of_o toll_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o register_n of_o writ_n and_o pitz._n na._n brevium_fw-la where_o we_o find_v divers_a writ_n essend_fw-la quiet_a de_fw-fr theolneo_fw-la but_o this_o discharge_n of_o toll_n be_v only_o for_o thing_n buy_v for_o necessary_a use_n of_o the_o buyer_n and_o for_o merchandize_n for_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demean_v be_v discharge_v of_o toll_n for_o such_o thing_n only_o as_o be_v for_o their_o provision_n or_o manurance_n of_o their_o land_n and_o in_o the_o writ_n which_o discharge_v the_o good_n of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n of_o this_o toll_n there_o be_v this_o clause_n dummodo_fw-la non_fw-la faciat_fw-la merchandiz_n as_o de_fw-la iisdem_fw-la as_o be_v before_o declare_v last_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o the_o order_v and_o government_n of_o trade_n within_o the_o realm_n do_v appear_v in_o that_o notable_a charter_n grant_v to_o the_o abbot_n of_o westminster_n recite_v in_o the_o register_n of_o writ_n fol._n 107._o 107_o wherein_o the_o king_n do_v grant_v to_o the_o abbot_n and_o his_o successor_n to_o hold_v a_o fair_a at_o westminster_n for_o thirty_o two_o day_n together_o with_o a_o prohibition_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v buy_v or_o sell_v within_o seven_o mile_n of_o that_o fair_a during_o that_o time_n chap._n ix._o that_o the_o king_n have_v another_o prerogative_n in_o the_o government_n in_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n differen_v from_o the_o prerogative_n which_o he_o use_v and_o order_v in_o trade_n and_o traffic_n in_o market_n and_o fair_n within_o the_o land_n and_o of_o the_o difference_n between_o custom_n and_o toll_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n touch_v merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n outward_a and_o inward_a the_o same_o be_v of_o another_o quality_n and_o the_o law_n have_v another_o consideration_n thereof_o than_o it_o have_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v in_o fair_n and_o market_n within_o the_o land_n as_o be_v before_o express_v and_o therefore_o the_o duty_n payable_a upon_o the_o exportation_n and_o importation_n of_o merchandize_n have_v another_o name_n be_v call_v custom_n and_o not_o toll_n and_o be_v also_o pay_v in_o another_o manner_n for_o custom_n toll_n must_v be_v pay_v before_o the_o merchandize_n be_v discharge_v and_o bring_v to_o land_n whereas_o toll_n be_v not_o payable_a but_o for_o good_n bring_v into_o the_o fair_a or_o market_n again_o custom_n must_v be_v pay_v whether_o the_o merchandize_n be_v sell_v or_o not_o but_o toll_n be_v not_o due_a but_o for_o good_n buy_v and_o sell_v in_o the_o market_n again_o custom_n be_v always_o pay_v by_o the_o merchant_n who_o sell_v or_o intend_v to_o sell_v his_o merchandize_n in_o gross_a but_o toll_n be_v ever_o pay_v by_o the_o party_n who_o buy_v some_o commodity_n for_o his_o proper_a use_n and_o provision_n by_o retail_n last_o if_o custom_n be_v not_o pay_v or_o agree_v for_o before_o the_o merchandize_n be_v discharge_v and_o bring_v to_o land_n the_o merchandize_n be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la forfeit_v and_o may_v present_o be_v seize_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o king_n but_o if_o toll_n be_v not_o pay_v the_o thing_n sell_v be_v not_o forfeit_v only_o it_o may_v be_v distrain_v and_o detain_v till_o the_o toll_n be_v pay_v or_o a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n may_v be_v bring_v for_o the_o toll_n these_o difference_n between_o custom_n and_o toll_n do_v apparent_o prove_v that_o merchandize_n for_o which_o custom_n be_v pay_v do_v differ_v from_o other_o good_n sell_v in_o the_o market_n and_o fair_n for_o which_o toll_n be_v take_v and_o that_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o trade_n that_o be_v use_v in_o market_n and_o fair_n be_v order_v by_o different_a prerogative_n and_o as_o the_o toll_v of_o several_a kind_n which_o be_v take_v in_o market_n fair_n and_o town_n corporate_a be_v first_o impose_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o prerogative_n whereby_o the_o king_n order_v all_o trade_n within_o the_o land_n so_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o other_o prerogative_n whereby_o the_o king_n govern_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n the_o crown_n of_o england_n ever_o since_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o monarchy_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n raise_v and_o receive_v out_o of_o merchandize_n custom_n and_o imposition_n of_o divers_a nature_n and_o nature_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o merchandize_n export_v and_o import_v and_o the_o divers_a occasion_n and_o necessity_n of_o the_o comercion_n chap._n x._o of_o the_o ancient_a duty_n call_v custom_n payable_a for_o our_o principal_a commodity_n export_v and_o that_o it_o be_v original_o a_o imposition_n the_o ancient_a duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n be_v but_o of_o two_o kind_n and_o know_v by_o two_o name_n custom_n and_o prize_n custom_n be_v pay_v for_o homebred_a and_o native_a commodity_n export_v and_o prize_n be_v take_v out_o of_o foreign_a commodity_n import_v the_o native_a commodity_n out_o of_o which_o custom_n be_v pay_v be_v wool_n wool-fell_n and_o leather_n and_o this_o custom_n do_v consist_v of_o rertain_a rate_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n impose_v by_o the_o king_n upon_o those_o merchandize_n export_v which_o rate_n be_v raise_v and_o reduce_v high_a or_o low_a from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o occasion_n do_v arise_v for_o although_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 1.the_a custom_n payable_a for_o those_o commodity_n be_v reduce_v to_o this_o certainty_n viz._n to_o a_o demi_a mark_n for_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n a_o demi_a mark_n for_o every_o three_o hundred_o wool-fell_n and_o a_o mark_n for_o every_o last_o of_o leather_n which_o we_o call_v now_o the_o great_a and_o ancient_a custom_n ab_fw-la initio_fw-la non_fw-la fuit_fw-la sic_fw-la these_o be_v not_o the_o rate_n from_o the_o beginning_n for_o not_o long_o before_o that_o time_n there_o be_v a_o great_a and_o more_o ancient_a custom_n pay_v for_o the_o exportation_n of_o those_o commodity_n britanni_n say_v strabo_n strabo_n vectigalia_fw-la tollebant_fw-la gravia_fw-la earum_fw-la rerum_fw-la quas_fw-la brevi_fw-la trajectu_fw-la in_o galliam_n importabant_fw-la this_o be_v magna_fw-la customa_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o briton_n and_o though_o the_o certain_a rate_n thereof_o do_v not_o appear_v yet_o
because_o the_o same_o be_v gravia_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la in_o those_o day_n we_o may_v easy_o believe_v that_o custom_n to_o have_v be_v great_a than_o the_o demi_a mark_n for_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n again_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la which_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o king_n john_n speak_v of_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n and_o the_o book_n of_o 29_o edw._n 3._o make_v mention_n of_o ancient_a custom_n grant_v to_o king_n john_n in_o the_o town_n of_o southampton_n which_o doubtless_o be_v other_o custom_n than_o that_o of_o the_o demi_a mark_n etc._n etc._n for_o that_o in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n 3_o edw._n 1._o rot._n sin_n 24._o and_o rot._n patent_n of_o the_o same_o year_n m._n 9_o the_o demi_a mark_n which_o be_v first_o establish_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n be_v call_v nova_n custuma_n and_o this_o be_v a_o diminution_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n say_v the_o book_n of_o 30_o h._n 8._o dyer_n 43._o 43._o again_o when_o the_o same_o king_n edw._n 1._o have_v by_o his_o writ_n only_o without_o act_n of_o parliament_n establish_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o demi_a mark_n etc._n etc._n in_o ireland_n in_o all_o the_o customer_n account_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o pipe-roll_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 1._o 1_o edw._n 2._o 2._o edw._n 3._o 3_o in_o that_o realm_n it_o be_v also_o call_v nova_n custuma_n which_o import_v as_o much_o as_o a_o new_a imposition_n for_o imposition_n be_v a_o new_a name_n and_o have_v be_v of_o use_n but_o of_o late_a year_n whereas_o every_o new_a charge_n lay_v upon_o merchandize_n in_o ancient_a time_n be_v call_v nova_n custuma_n as_o the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n fleming_n observe_v in_o his_o argument_n in_o bates_n case_n baron_n of_o currant_n in_o the_o exchequer_n of_o england_n but_o because_o this_o custom_n of_o a_o demi_a mark_n be_v a_o reducement_n make_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o of_o the_o great_a and_o ancient_a custom_n to_o that_o proportion_n which_o be_v then_o think_v reasonable_a as_o after_o upon_o sundry_a petition_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o succeed_a prince_n it_o obtain_v in_o tract_n of_o time_n the_o name_n of_o the_o great_a and_o ancient_a custom_n this_o custom_n of_o demi_a mark_n be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n by_o parliament_n but_o reduce_v to_o that_o rate_n by_o the_o king_n by_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o commons_n as_o be_v express_v in_o the_o record_n of_o 3_o edw._n 1._o 1._o fin_n memb._n 24._o for_o albeit_o the_o charter_n for_o confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la make_v in_o 25_o edw._n 1._o do_v recite_v that_o the_o demi_a mark_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o commonalty_n yet_o be_v there_o no_o act_n of_o p._n print_v or_o record_v wherein_o that_o grant_n of_o the_o commonalty_n do_v appear_v neither_o can_v it_o stand_v with_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n that_o the_o demi_a mark_n be_v a_o diminution_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o cominalty_n to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o king_n will_v never_o have_v accept_v of_o such_o a_o grant_v as_o do_v diminish_v his_o revenue_n neither_o have_v it_o be_v thankworthy_a or_o acceptable_a and_o therefore_o the_o king_n have_v a_o negative_a voice_n will_v never_o have_v give_v his_o assent_n to_o such_o a_o grant_n in_o parliament_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o this_o diminution_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n be_v make_v in_o parliament_n and_o not_o by_o parliament_n and_o that_o by_o prayer_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o the_o record_n of_o 3_o edw._n 1._o rot._n fin_n memb._n 24._o fin.memb.24_n testify_v the_o king_n be_v then_o well_o please_v for_o that_o time_n to_o draw_v down_o the_o ancient_a custom_n to_o that_o rate_n and_o the_o people_n do_v willing_o yield_v and_o consent_v to_o the_o payment_n thereof_o and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o true_a interpretation_n of_o the_o charter_n or_o statute_n make_v in_o 25_o edw._n 1._o 1_o and_o therefore_o because_o we_o find_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n whereby_o the_o people_n do_v original_o grant_v the_o great_a and_o ancient_a custom_n to_o the_o king_n and_o because_o we_o find_v it_o be_v uncertain_a and_o subject_a to_o diminution_n and_o alteration_n we_o may_v conclude_v that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o imposition_n lay_v by_o the_o king_n from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n without_o any_o grant_n from_o the_o cominalty_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o can_v make_v no_o grant_n but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v absurd_a to_o affâ—rme_v that_o the_o great_a and_o ancient_a custom_n impose_v upon_o native_a commodity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v first_o grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n since_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o ever_o those_o commodity_n do_v pass_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o custom_n be_v equal_a in_o time_n with_o the_o first_o sceptre_n and_o since_o the_o sceptre_n be_v establish_v many_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o people_n be_v call_v to_o be_v in_o parliament_n beside_o the_o very_a name_n of_o custom_n do_v note_n and_o argue_v that_o it_o begin_v before_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v make_v for_o that_o it_o signify_v a_o duty_n payable_a or_o accustomable_a to_o be_v pay_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n which_o in_o presumption_n of_o law_n be_v before_o any_o record_n wherefore_o the_o rule_n in_o the_o lord_n dyer_n 29._o book_n be_v good_a law_n viz._n the_o king_n have_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n in_o the_o custom_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n as_o be_v a_o prerogative_n annex_v to_o his_o crown_n and_o again_o 30_o hen_n 8._o 43._o 8.43_o custom_n be_v a_o inheritance_n in_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o not_o give_v by_o any_o statute_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o ancient_a duty_n call_v prize_n take_v out_o of_o foreign_a good_n import_v except_o wine_n and_o the_o petty-customs_n of_o three_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n be_v accept_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o in_o lieu_n of_o prize_n for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n which_o be_v bring_v into_o england_n our_o king_n in_o ancient_a time_n do_v not_o take_v any_o rate_n or_o custom_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n but_o take_v such_o part_n of_o the_o several_a commodity_n in_fw-la specie_fw-la as_o they_o think_v fit_a for_o their_o proper_a use_n pay_v for_o that_o they_o take_v a_o price_n as_o themselves_o do_v likewise_o think_v fit_a and_o reasonable_a which_o be_v call_v the_o king_n price_n this_o prerogative_n be_v prove_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n rex_fw-la nonrecognoscens_fw-la superiorem_fw-la potest_fw-la è_fw-la india_n in_fw-la propria_fw-la causa_fw-la and_o also_o by_o the_o rule_n which_o be_v give_v 31_o edw._n 3._o 60._o 3.60_o where_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n have_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n thirty_o talent_n of_o beasant_n of_o gold_n because_o the_o quantity_n and_o value_n thereof_o be_v uncertain_a it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o king_n house_n shall_v set_v down_o of_o what_o quantity_n and_o value_n every_o talon_n shall_v be_v and_o that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v pay_v according_o and_o by_o the_o same_o prerogative_n whensoever_o any_o subject_n be_v to_o pay_v a_o fine_a or_o ransom_n unto_o the_o king_n for_o a_o contempt_n the_o king_n himself_o do_v limit_v and_o set_v the_o fine_a or_o ransom_n at_o his_o own_o will_n or_o pleasure_n the_o foreign_a commodity_n thus_o take_v by_o the_o king_n in_o spain_n at_o his_o own_o price_n be_v call_v prize_n but_o because_o these_o prize_n be_v many_o time_n grievance_n to_o the_o merchant_n and_o bring_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o the_o king_n coffer_n that_o prudent_a prince_n edw._n 1._o by_o that_o famous_a charter_n call_v charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la make_v in_o the_o 31_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v remit_v unto_o all_o merchant_n stranger_n their_o prize_n and_o do_v grant_v quod_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la super_fw-la mercimonia_fw-la merchandizas_n vel_fw-la bona_fw-la ipsorum_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la vel_fw-la ministros_fw-la suos_fw-la nullos_fw-la nulla_fw-la appretiatio_fw-la vel_fw-la estimatio_fw-la apponeretur_fw-la and_o quod_fw-la nulla_fw-la prisa_fw-la vel_fw-la arrestatio_fw-la ratione_fw-la prisae_fw-la inde_fw-la fieret_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o the_o charter_n do_v further_a recite_v that_o for_o the_o remission_n of_o these_o prize_n the_o merchant_n stranger_n do_v grant_v unto_o the_o king_n three_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n now_o call_v the_o petty-custom_n out_o of_o all_o foreign_a merchandize_n import_v except_o wine_n and_o for_o our_o native_a commodity_n export_v they_o will_v pay_v for_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n four_o penny_n and_o for_o every_o three_o hundred_o wool-fell_n six_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n and_o for_o every_o last_o of_o leather_n a_o demi_a mark_n
over_o and_o above_o the_o duty_n payable_a by_o denizen_n for_o the_o same_o commodity_n which_o grant_v be_v make_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o every_o nation_n not_o be_v incorporate_v and_o make_v a_o body_n politic_a be_v in_o respect_n of_o they_o of_o no_o force_n of_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n until_o the_o king_n charter_n make_v it_o good_a and_o maintain_v it_o until_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o parliament_n 27_o edw._n 3._o 3_o which_o be_v fifty_o year_n after_o the_o date_n of_o the_o charter_n upon_o the_o matter_n these_o duty_n payable_a by_o merchant_n stranger_n be_v only_o imposition_n raise_v and_o establish_v by_o the_o king_n charter_n which_o charter_n be_v make_v in_o england_n be_v after_o ward_n establish_v exemplise_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o transmit_v into_o ireland_n with_o a_o special_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o custom_n there_o to_o levy_v three_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n and_o other_o duty_n mention_v in_o that_o charter_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o red_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n there_o by_o virtue_n of_o which_o write_v only_o without_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o three_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n and_o other_o duty_n be_v levy_v and_o pay_v to_o the_o crown_n in_o ireland_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o wine_n call_v prizage_n and_o butlerage_n the_o most_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o wine_n be_v prizage_n butlerage_n which_o be_v not_o any_o sum_n of_o money_n but_o two_o ton_n of_o wine_n in_fw-la specie_fw-la out_o of_o every_o ship_n freight_v with_o twenty_o tun_n the_o one_o to_o be_v take_v before_o the_o mast_n and_o the_o other_o behind_o the_o mast_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o the_o price_n which_o the_o king_n himself_o do_v limit_v to_o pay_v be_v twenty_o shilling_n only_o for_o every_o tun_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o ancient_a record_n of_o 52_o hen._n 3._o 3_o whereby_o we_o may_v conjecture_v what_o easy_a rate_v the_o king_n give_v for_o the_o prize_n of_o other_o merchandize_n this_o custom_n of_o prizage_n be_v mere_o a_o imposition_n for_o it_o can_v not_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o foreign_a nation_n be_v nobody_o politic_a as_o be_v before_o declare_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n whereby_o our_o own_o merchant_n do_v ever_o grant_v it_o unto_o the_o crown_n this_o duty_n of_o prizage_n be_v remit_v unto_o the_o stranger_n by_o the_o charter_n of_o 31_o edw._n 1._o 1_o before_o mention_v and_o in_o lieu_n thereof_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o charter_n the_o king_n before_o mention_v receive_v two_o shilling_n for_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n bring_v in_o by_o stranger_n which_o we_o now_o call_v butlerage_n but_o prizage_n be_v pay_v in_fw-la specie_fw-la by_o all_o our_o own_o merchant_n at_o this_o day_n the_o citizen_n of_o london_n only_o except_v who_o have_v remission_n of_o prizage_n by_o a_o special_a charge_n be_v charge_v with_o a_o new_a imposition_n call_v gage_n viz._n de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la dolio_fw-la 1_o d._n de_fw-fr vinis_fw-la venientibus_fw-la london_n which_o be_v account_v foreign_a magno_fw-la rot._n an._n 1_o edw._n 1._o in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o pipe_n at_o westminster_n the_o last_o of_o these_o imposition_n which_o by_o the_o continuance_n have_v get_v the_o name_n of_o custom_n be_v lay_v and_o impose_v three_o hundred_o year_n since_o and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v approve_v and_o be_v now_o maintain_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n as_o the_o lawful_a and_o ancient_a inheritance_n of_o the_o crown_n chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o ancient_a officer_n which_o our_o king_n have_v create_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o prerogative_n to_o search_v and_o oversee_v all_o sort_n of_o merchandize_n and_o to_o collect_v the_o duty_n payable_a for_o the_o same_o as_o our_o ancient_a king_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o prerogative_n without_o parliament_n have_v lay_v the_o custom_n or_o imposition_n before_o express_v upon_o all_o sort_n of_o merchandize_n export_v and_o import_v so_o by_o the_o same_o prerogative_n have_v they_o ordain_v several_a sort_n of_o officer_n to_o search_v and_o oversee_v those_o merchandize_n on_o which_o they_o have_v lay_v those_o imposition_n namely_o the_o gauger_n gauger_n of_o wine_n a_o high_a officer_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o imposition_n of_o the_o gage_n itself_o before_o mention_v the_o alneger_n alneger_n of_o the_o clothes_n which_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n that_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o clothes_n for_o there_o be_v a_o record_n of_o 14_o edw._n 2._o 2_o in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la which_o speak_v of_o the_o alneger_n the_o packer_n of_o wool_n the_o garbellor_n of_o spice_n beside_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o custom_n viz._n the_o customer_n controller_n and_o searcher_n searcher_n all_o which_o officer_n have_v ever_o take_v fee_n of_o merthant_n both_o denizen_n and_o alien_n not_o by_o grant_n of_o the_o merchant_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o several_a patent_n grant_v from_o the_o king_n chap._n xiv_o of_o other_o imposition_n beside_o the_o ancient_a custom_n before_o mention_v lay_v upon_o merchandize_n by_o several_a king_n and_o queen_n since_o the_o conquest_n some_o of_o which_o imposition_n have_v be_v discontinue_v or_o remit_v and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v continue_v and_o pay_v at_o this_o day_n and_o first_o of_o the_o imposition_n set_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o over_o and_o beside_o the_o custom_n speak_v of_o before_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o exchequer_n of_o england_n that_o in_o 16_o edw._n 1._o a_o imposition_n of_o four_o shilling_n be_v lay_v upon_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n bring_v into_o england_n from_o certain_a town_n in_o gascogine_n and_o spain_n and_o at_o this_o day_n answer_v and_o count_v for_o duty_n for_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n until_o the_o 26_o edw._n 1._o when_o it_o be_v remit_v but_o during_o the_o king_n pleasure_n only_o it_o appear_v likewise_o 25_o edw._n 1._o 1_o by_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o confirmation_n then_o make_v of_o the_o great_a charter_n that_o king_n edw._n 1._o have_v for_o divers_a year_n before_o set_v and_o lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n export_v which_o ad_fw-la instantiam_fw-la communitatis_fw-la he_o be_v please_v to_o remit_v which_o remittal_n be_v of_o mere_a grace_n upon_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o commons_o after_o that_o imposition_n have_v be_v lay_v many_o year_n before_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o this_o imposition_n of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n be_v take_v and_o levy_v above_o twenty_o year_n together_o after_o the_o new_a imposition_n of_o the_o demi_a mark_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n which_o be_v set_v and_o establish_v for_o that_o begin_v in_o 3_o edw._n 1._o and_o this_o imposition_n of_o forty_o shilling_n continue_v till_o 25_o edw._n 1._o which_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n that_o the_o first_o establishment_n of_o the_o demi_a mark_n be_v not_o by_o a_o bind_a act_n of_o parliament_n with_o a_o negative_a voice_n that_o no_o other_o duty_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o those_o merchandize_n as_o be_v surmise_a but_o be_v only_o a_o mitigation_n or_o reducement_n of_o a_o great_a custom_n pay_v before_o which_o be_v do_v of_o mere_a grace_n upon_o some_o reason_n of_o state_n at_o that_o time_n chap._n xv_o of_o the_o imposition_n set_v and_o take_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o in_o the_o beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v as_o well_o take_v the_o ancient_a as_o the_o new_a custom_n upon_o wool_n wool-fell_n and_o leather_n which_o ancient_a custom_n must_v needs_o be_v intend_v a_o ancient_a imposition_n over_o and_o beside_o the_o demi_a mark_n which_o be_v then_o call_v the_o new_a custom_n and_o this_o appear_v by_o a_o record_n in_o the_o tower_n 3_o ed._n 2._o 2_o claus._n memb._n 16._o where_o the_o king_n direct_v his_o writ_n collectoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la tam_fw-la antiquae_fw-la quam_fw-la novae_fw-la customae_fw-la lanarum_fw-la pellium_fw-la et_fw-la corriorum_fw-la and_o require_v they_o to_o pay_v certain_a debt_n of_o his_o father_n king_n edward_n 1._o out_o of_o their_o old_a and_o new_a custom_n and_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n pro_fw-la damnis_fw-la occasione_fw-la retardationis_fw-la solutionis_fw-la debitis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o howbeit_o afterwards_o he_o be_v a_o weak_a prince_n and_o misguide_a by_o ill_a counsel_n and_o overruled_a by_o his_o unruly_a baron_n be_v drive_v first_o to_o suspend_v the_o payment_n of_o his_o custom_n of_o three_o penny_n the_o pound_n and_o other_o duty_n contain_v in_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la during_o pleasure_n only_o as_o appear_v by_o his_o writ_n of_o supersedeas_fw-la direct_v to_o the_o collector_n of_o his_o
they_o have_v the_o same_o right_n the_o same_o prerogative_n and_o absolute_a power_n that_o their_o predecessor_n have_v but_o because_o they_o find_v other_o mean_n to_o make_v other_o profit_n upon_o transport_v of_o merchandize_n and_o that_o in_o another_o manner_n and_o in_o so_o high_a measure_n as_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n in_o those_o day_n can_v hardly_o bear_v any_o great_a charge_n without_o danger_n of_o overthrow_v all_o trade_n and_o commerce_n and_o therefore_o those_o prince_n do_v in_o their_o wisdom_n forbear_v to_o lay_v any_o further_a imposition_n by_o their_o prerogative_n for_o these_o king_n who_o reign_v after_o king_n edw._n 3._o who_o conquer_v calais_n in_o france_n and_o before_o queen_n mary_n lose_v calais_n have_v two_o principal_a way_n and_o mean_n to_o raise_v extraordinary_a profit_n upon_o merchandize_n but_o proceed_v from_o one_o cause_n namely_o from_o establish_v the_o staple_n at_o calais_n for_o king_n edw._n 3._o some_o few_o year_n before_o his_o death_n do_v by_o his_o prerogative_n in_o point_n of_o government_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n erect_v a_o staple_n at_o his_o town_n of_o calais_n calais_n and_o do_v ordain_v and_o command_v that_o all_o the_o merchandize_n export_v out_o of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n by_o any_o merchant_n denison_n or_o alien_n shall_v present_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o staple_n at_o calais_n and_o to_o no_o other_o place_n beyond_o the_o sea_n this_o staple_n at_o calais_n be_v first_o settle_v and_o fix_v there_o by_o a_o ordinance_n which_o the_o king_n make_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n and_o absolute_a power_n in_o the_o government_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o if_o this_o ordinance_n so_o make_v have_v be_v think_v unlawful_a and_o against_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a it_o will_v never_o have_v be_v approve_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o so_o many_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o rich_a 2._o hen._n 4._o hen._n 5._o and_o edw_n 4._o neither_o can_v there_o have_v be_v such_o heavy_a penalty_n lay_v by_o those_o parliament_n upon_o the_o transgressor_n of_o those_o ordinance_n insomuch_o as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o it_o be_v make_v felony_n to_o transport_v any_o merchandize_n to_o any_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o calais_n only_o now_o the_o staple_n of_o calais_n be_v thus_o establish_v there_o do_v arise_v a_o double_a profit_n to_o the_o crown_n for_o transport_n of_o merchandize_n over_o and_o above_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o other_o subsidy_n grant_v by_o parliament_n first_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n for_o merchandize_n transport_v out_o of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n which_o before_o be_v single_a and_o pay_v but_o once_o that_o be_v upon_o the_o outgate_n after_o the_o establish_n of_o the_o staple_n at_o calais_n the_o duty_n for_o the_o same_o merchandize_n become_v double_a at_o the_o least_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n treble_a and_o be_v ever_o pay_v twice_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n thrice_o namely_o once_o upon_o the_o outgate_n in_o the_o port_n of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n second_o upon_o the_o ingate_n at_o calais_n and_o because_o all_o the_o commodity_n bring_v into_o calais_n can_v not_o be_v vent_v into_o the_o main_a land_n there_o but_o the_o great_a part_n be_v to_o be_v export_v again_o by_o sea_n into_o high_a or_o low_a germany_n and_o other_o the_o north_n east_n country_n and_o some_o into_o spain_n and_o italy_n and_o the_o land_n of_o the_o levant_n there_o do_v arise_v a_o three_o payment_n of_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n for_o so_o much_o of_o their_o commodity_n as_o be_v export_v again_o cut_v of_o calais_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n do_v amount_v to_o threescore_o thousand_o or_o threescore_o and_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o king_n edw._n 3._o 3_o and_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o rich._n 2._o hen._n 4._o hen._n 5._o 5_o and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n 6._o as_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n of_o the_o exchequer_n of_o england_n which_o according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n at_o this_o day_n the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v now_o raise_v from_o two_o shilling_n to_o five_o shilling_n do_v make_v two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la which_o do_v equal_a or_o surmount_v all_o the_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n receive_v at_o this_o day_n though_o that_o plenty_n of_o money_n and_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o consequent_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v exceed_o increase_v in_o these_o time_n and_o albeit_o the_o breach_n of_o amity_n between_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o low_a germany_n in_o the_o weak_a and_o unfortunate_a time_n of_o king_n hen._n 6._o do_v cause_v a_o stop_n of_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o that_o country_n into_o which_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o staple_n ware_n especial_o wool_n and_o cloth_n be_v vent_v and_o utter_v and_o be_v likewise_o the_o cause_n of_o loss_n of_o all_o our_o territory_n in_o france_n except_o calais_n and_o all_o the_o merchandize_n thereof_o whereby_o the_o custom_n and_o other_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o unhappy_a prince_n withdraw_v and_o diminish_v to_o a_o low_a proportion_n yet_o afterwards_o upon_o the_o marriage_n of_o margaret_n sister_n to_o king_n e._n 4._o unto_o the_o lord_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n as_o that_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o english_a wool_n which_o bring_v so_o much_o gold_n into_o his_o country_n he_o institute_v the_o order_n of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n and_o thereupon_o the_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n be_v raise_v again_o to_o so_o high_a a_o revenue_n as_o our_o king_n can_v not_o well_o in_o policy_n strain_v that_o strength_n of_o profit_n upon_o merchandize_n any_o high_a second_o albeit_o the_o staple_n establish_v at_o calais_n be_v first_o establish_v by_o a_o order_n make_v by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n and_o absolute_a power_n be_v afterwards_o approve_v and_o confirm_v by_o sundry_a act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o do_v the_o king_n by_o another_o prerogative_n retain_v a_o power_n to_o dispense_v with_o that_o ordinance_n and_o those_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o to_o give_v licence_n to_o such_o and_o so_o many_o merchant_n as_o himself_o think_v fit_a to_o export_v any_o merchandize_n out_o of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n unto_o any_o other_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n beside_o à _fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la of_o the_o first_o ordinance_n and_o of_o the_o statute_n which_o do_v establish_v the_o staple_n at_o calais_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o prerogative_n and_o power_n the_o several_a king_n who_o have_v calais_n in_o their_o possession_n do_v grant_v so_o many_o licence_n to_o merchant_n as_o well_o alien_n as_o denizen_n to_o transport_v our_o staple_n commodity_n immediate_o into_o other_o place_n without_o come_v to_o calais_n for_o which_o license_n whereof_o there_o be_v a_o incredible_a number_n find_v in_o the_o record_n of_o england_n the_o merchant_n pay_v so_o dear_a for_o their_o commodity_n especial_o the_o genoese_n and_o the_o venetian_n and_o other_o merchant_n of_o the_o levant_n as_o by_o the_o profit_n make_v of_o those_o licence_n do_v amount_v to_o double_v the_o value_n of_o those_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n payable_a for_o exportation_n thereof_o and_o thereof_o those_o prince_n as_o they_o have_v the_o less_o need_n so_o have_v they_o no_o reason_n at_o all_o to_o charge_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n with_o any_o other_o or_o great_a imposition_n in_o these_o two_o point_n before_o express_v do_v consist_v the_o principal_a cause_n why_o the_o prince_n of_o england_n who_o succeed_v king_n edw._n 3._o who_o win_v calais_n until_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n who_o lose_v calais_n do_v not_o direct_o use_v their_o prerogative_n in_o set_v any_o other_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n above_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o subsidy_n grant_v by_o parliament_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o most_o part_n of_o those_o prince_n who_o reign_v after_o k._n edw._n 3._o and_o before_o queen_n mary_n have_v the_o subsidy_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n grant_v unto_o they_o by_o parliament_n which_o be_v add_v to_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o staple_n of_o calais_n do_v augment_v not_o a_o little_a the_o profit_n lay_v upon_o merchandize_n and_o may_v be_v a_o reason_n likewise_o why_o those_o king_n do_v forbear_v to_o lay_v any_o other_o imposition_n by_o their_o prerogative_n we_o may_v add_v hereunto_o other_o reason_n first_o rich._n 2._o be_v a_o minor_a and_o overruled_a by_o the_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o
power_n to_o shut_v and_o open_v the_o fame_n at_o his_o pleasure_n again_o all_o the_o port_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v the_o king_n not_o only_o the_o cinque-port_n which_o have_v a_o special_a warden_n appoint_v by_o the_o king_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o port_n be_v also_o his_o and_o many_o of_o they_o bear_v a_o mark_n of_o the_o king_n inheritance_n in_o their_o addition_n as_o linn_n regis_fw-la waymouth_n melcombe_n regis_fw-la pool_n regis_fw-la for_o the_o king_n be_v custos_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o the_o four_o sea_n be_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o the_o haven_n and_o creek_n be_v the_o gate_n and_o postern_n of_o it_o they_o be_v ostia_n they_o be_v ianua_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o we_o find_v two_o port_n in_o italy_n call_v by_o those_o name_n the_o one_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o tiber_n the_o other_o corrupt_o call_v genoa_n but_o the_o true_a name_n thereof_o be_v ianua_fw-la and_o as_o the_o haven_n be_v ianua_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o king_n himself_o be_v janus_n and_o have_v power_n to_o open_v and_o shut_v they_o at_o his_o pleasure_n omnia_fw-la sunt_fw-la nostra_fw-la clausa_fw-la patentque_fw-la manu_fw-la say_v janus_n in_o the_o poet_n and_o again_o modo_fw-la namque_fw-la patulchus_fw-la idem_fw-la et_fw-la modo_fw-la sacrifico_fw-la clusius_n ore_fw-la vocor_fw-la the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o have_v this_o prerogative_n incident_a to_o his_o crown_n to_o shut_v and_o open_v the_o port_n when_o it_o please_v he_o as_o appear_v by_o many_o record_n especial_o by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 3._o 3_o wherein_o be_v find_v many_o petition_n that_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v open_a which_o during_o that_o king_n time_n be_v often_o shut_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n only_o and_o never_o full_o open_v again_o but_o when_o the_o king_n lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o this_o prerogative_n of_o custody_n of_o the_o port_n and_o of_o shut_v and_o open_v the_o same_o be_v reserve_v unto_o the_o crown_n upon_o a_o excellent_a reason_n for_o trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v hold_v with_o all_o person_n neither_o be_v all_o thing_n fit_a to_o be_v import_v or_o export_v for_o such_o person_n as_o be_v enemy_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o come_v to_o discover_v arcana_fw-la regni_fw-la such_o person_n as_o come_v to_o corrupt_v religion_n or_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n such_o person_n as_o under_o colour_n of_o merchandize_n come_v to_o set_v up_o monopoly_n or_o a_o dry_a exchange_n to_o drain_v or_o draw_v away_o our_o commodity_n or_o money_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o enter_v in_o at_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o again_o such_o commodity_n as_o the_o kingdom_n can_v spare_v as_o corn_n in_o time_n of_o dearth_n and_o such_o as_o may_v advantage_v our_o enemy_n and_o hurt_v we_o in_o time_n of_o war_n as_o horse_n armour_n gunpowder_n etc._n etc._n be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v export_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o poison_n heretical_a book_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v apparent_o hurtful_a to_o the_o people_n be_v not_o to_o be_v import_v and_o therefore_o the_o prerogative_n of_o open_v and_o shut_v the_o port_n be_v accompany_v with_o another_o absolute_a power_n of_o stop_v and_o imbar_v of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n sometime_o general_o sometime_o between_o we_o and_o particular_a nation_n and_o sometime_o for_o particular_a merchandize_n only_o whereof_o there_o be_v many_o precedent_n and_o example_n both_o in_o record_n and_o history_n of_o our_o nation_n 2_o edw._n 1._o 1_o rot._n parliament_n m._n 18._o in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la 2_o edw._n 3._o 3_o rot._n fin_n m._n 17_o ibid._n 10_o edw._n 3._o 3_o chaunc_fw-la m._n 3._o in_fw-la dorso_fw-la ibid._n 17_o hen._n 6._o 4_o sccio_fw-mi angliae_fw-la matthew_n paris_n hist._n magna_fw-la p._n 568._o 568._o 10_o hen._n 7_o stow._n stow_n and_o this_o prerogative_n of_o imbar_v trade_n do_v result_v out_o of_o the_o undoubted_a prerogative_n which_o the_o king_n have_v to_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n with_o foreign_a nation_n for_o open_a war_n be_v no_o soon_o denounce_v but_o all_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n be_v stop_v and_o imbar_v between_o the_o nation_n which_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o war_n durante_fw-la bello_fw-la inter_fw-la reges_fw-la christianos_fw-la merces_fw-la quascunque_fw-la exportare_fw-la vetamur_fw-la ne_fw-la regni_fw-la arcana_fw-la serutentur_fw-la say_v a_o doctor_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n whereupon_o we_o make_v this_o argument_n that_o since_o the_o king_n have_v absolute_a power_n of_o shut_v the_o port_n and_o stop_v trade_n it_o stand_v with_o as_o good_a reason_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o like_a power_n to_o lay_v reasonable_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n for_o open_v of_o the_o port_n and_o for_o give_v of_o freedom_n of_o trade_n again_o he_o that_o may_v do_v the_o more_o may_v do_v the_o less_o non_fw-la debet_fw-la ei_fw-la cui_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la majus_fw-la est_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la minus_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la licere_fw-la say_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n he_o that_o may_v prohibit_v merchant_n not_o to_o trade_n or_o pass_v may_v dispense_v with_o that_o prohibition_n and_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o go_v and_o traffic_n sub_fw-la modo_fw-la again_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v dominus_fw-la maris_fw-la which_o flow_v about_o the_o island_n as_o divers_a ancient_a book_n and_o record_n do_v testify_v as_o fitz_n avowry_n 192._o 6_o rich._n 2._o protection_n 46._o rot._n scotiae_fw-la m._n 16._o in_o arch._n turris_n turris_fw-la and_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o only_o quoad_fw-la protectionem_fw-la et_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la sed_fw-la quoad_fw-la proprietatem_fw-la and_o this_o be_v our_o neptune_n trident_n for_o god_n give_v unto_o man_n as_o well_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o the_o earth_n where_o it_o be_v say_v gen._n 1._o 1_o replete_a terram_fw-la et_fw-la subjicite_fw-la eam_fw-la and_o dominamini_fw-la piscibus_fw-la maris_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_fw-la psal._n 8._o omnia_fw-la subjecit_fw-la pedibus_fw-la ejus_fw-la pisces_fw-la maris_fw-la and_o quicquid_fw-la perambulat_fw-la semitas_fw-la maris_fw-la and_o therefore_o baldus_n baldus_n affirm_v de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la distincta_fw-la esse_fw-la dominia_fw-la in_fw-la mare_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_fw-la terra_fw-la arida_fw-la and_o again_o mare_fw-la attribuitur_fw-la terrae_fw-la circunstanti_fw-la hence_o it_o be_v though_o there_o be_v but_o one_o ocean_n in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v quasi_fw-la insula_fw-la say_v strabo_n strabo_n yet_o be_v there_o mare_n gallicum_n sardicum_fw-la creticum_n aegypticum_fw-la and_o oceanus_fw-la britanicus_n germanicus_n etc._n etc._n which_o particular_a name_n do_v note_v a_o propriety_n in_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o land_n adjoin_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o our_o common_a law_n do_v give_v unto_o ourk_v all_o the_o land_n which_o be_v gain_v from_o the_o sea_n which_o stampford_n stampford_n in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n do_v affirm_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la quia_fw-la mare_fw-la seu_fw-la particula_fw-la maris_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la territorio_fw-la illius_fw-la civitatis_fw-la vel_fw-la regni_fw-la cui_fw-la magis_fw-la appropinquat_fw-la say_v one_o learned_a doctor_n mare_fw-la se_fw-la extendit_fw-la cum_fw-la aquae_fw-la flnt_fw-la mensurabiles_fw-la say_v another_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o all_o navigable_a river_n as_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n and_o the_o river_n of_o lee_n and_o divers_a other_o be_v call_v in_o our_o book_n the_o king_n stream_n 19_o ass_n p.6_n p.6_n dyer_n 117_o a_fw-la because_o cause_v such_o river_n be_v arm_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o far_o as_o the_o sea_n do_v flow_v in_o they_o 22._o ass._n p._n 93._o 93._o and_o last_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o king_n may_v prohibit_v all_o subject_n whatsoever_o to_o pass_v over_o the_o sea_n without_o his_o licence_n and_o to_o that_o end_n in_o 22_o edw._n 4._o 4_o the_o king_n command_v the_o warden_n of_o the_o cinque ports_o and_o the_o bailiff_n of_o all_o other_o port_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o suffer_v any_o man_n ship_n or_o boat_n to_o pass_v beyond_o the_o sea_n quousque_fw-la rex_fw-la illud_fw-la mandaverit_fw-la and_o the_o like_a commandment_n be_v give_v 4_o edw._n 3._o 3_o 21_o edw._n 3._o 3_o 16_o rich._n 2._o 2_o 17_o hen._n 6._o 6_o if_o therefore_o the_o king_n have_v such_o a_o absolute_a interest_n in_o the_o port_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o all_o navigable_a river_n wherein_o the_o king_n port_n be_v situate_v for_o the_o main_a part_n why_o shall_v he_o not_o have_v the_o like_a absolute_a power_n to_o limit_v and_o prescribe_v unto_o merchant_n what_o duty_n they_o shall_v pay_v and_o upon_o what_o term_n and_o condition_n they_o shall_v pass_v to_o and_o fro_o upon_o the_o sea_n and_o
lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o merchant_n and_o do_v cause_v the_o officer_n of_o his_o custom_n to_o take_v and_o levy_v the_o same_o it_o seem_v sit_v they_o they_o take_v away_o the_o good_n of_o the_o subject_a without_o his_o consent_n and_o without_o cause_n of_o forfeiture_n which_o be_v not_o warrant_v either_o by_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o bring_v in_o property_n nor_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o do_v maintain_v property_n chap._n xxiii_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o first_o objection_n to_o this_o objection_n object_n we_o answer_v that_o the_o king_n do_v not_o take_v the_o land_n or_o good_n of_o any_o without_o his_o consent_n but_o here_o we_o must_v distinguish_v there_o be_v a_o particular_a and_o express_a consent_n and_o there_o be_v a_o implicit_a and_o general_a consent_n when_o a_o man_n do_v give_v his_o good_n or_o surrender_v his_o land_n to_o the_o king_n by_o deed_n enroll_v or_o when_o in_o parliament_n which_o represent_v the_o body_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n and_o wherein_o everyman_n do_v give_v his_o consent_n either_o by_o himself_o or_o his_o deputy_n a_o subsidy_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o king_n there_o be_v a_o express_a consent_n but_o when_o subject_n who_o live_v under_o a_o royal_a monarchy_n do_v submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o obedience_n of_o that_o law_n of_o that_o monarchy_n whatsoever_o the_o law_n do_v give_v to_o that_o monarch_n the_o subject_n who_o take_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o law_n in_o other_o thing_n and_o do_v live_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n do_v agree_v to_o that_o which_o the_o law_n give_v by_o a_o implicit_a and_o general_a consent_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v many_o case_n where_o the_o king_n do_v lawful_o take_v the_o good_n of_o a_o subject_a without_o his_o particular_a and_o express_a consent_n though_o the_o same_o be_v not_o forfeit_v for_o any_o crime_n or_o contempt_n of_o the_o owner_n if_o a_o thief_n do_v steal_v my_o good_n and_o waive_v they_o the_o king_n may_v lawful_o take_v those_o good_n without_o my_o particular_a consent_n and_o without_o any_o fault_n or_o forfeiture_n of_o i_o but_o in_o regard_n i_o live_v under_o the_o law_n which_o give_v such_o waive_n unto_o the_o king_n he_o take_v not_o the_o same_o without_o my_o implicit_a consent_n so_o if_o my_o horse_n kill_v a_o man_n the_o king_n may_v lawful_o take_v my_o horse_n a_o deodand_n without_o my_o fault_n or_o consent_n in_o particular_a but_o in_o that_o i_o have_v consent_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o law_n which_o give_v all_o deodand_n to_o the_o king_n he_o take_v not_o my_o horse_n without_o the_o implicit_a or_o general_a consent_n of_o i_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n the_o king_n do_v take_v my_o house_n to_o build_v a_o fort_n or_o do_v build_v a_o bulwark_n upon_o my_o land_n he_o do_v i_o no_o wrong_n though_o he_o do_v it_o without_o my_o consent_n for_o my_o implicit_a consent_n do_v concur_v with_o it_o for_o that_o i_o be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o common-weal_n can_v but_o consent_n to_o all_o act_n of_o necessity_n tend_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o if_o the_o king_n do_v grant_v i_o a_o fair_a or_o market_n with_o a_o power_n to_o take_v a_o reasonable_a toll_n if_o a_o man_n will_v buy_v any_o thing_n in_o my_o fair_a or_o market_n i_o may_v take_v toll_n of_o he_o though_o i_o give_v no_o particular_a consent_n to_o the_o grant_n because_o the_o law_n whereunto_o every_o subject_n do_v give_v consent_n and_o obedience_n do_v warrant_v the_o take_n of_o toll_n in_o every_o market_n and_o fair_a grant_v by_o the_o king_n so_o it_o be_v in_o case_n of_o imposition_n the_o law_n do_v warrant_v the_o king_n prerogative_n to_o impose_v upon_o merchandize_n as_o be_v before_o declare_v and_o therefore_o though_o the_o merchant_n give_v not_o their_o particular_a consent_n to_o the_o lay_n of_o these_o imposition_n yet_o in_o regard_n they_o live_v under_o the_o protection_n and_o obedience_n of_o the_o law_n which_o submit_v itself_o to_o this_o prerogative_n and_o allow_v and_o approve_v the_o same_o it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o the_o king_n do_v take_v these_o imposition_n of_o they_o without_o their_o implicit_a and_o general_a consent_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o second_o objection_n touch_v the_o uncertainty_n and_o unbounded_a largeness_n of_o this_o prerogative_n the_o second_o objection_n 2_o be_v against_o the_o uncertainty_n and_o unlimited_a largeness_n of_o this_o prerogative_n for_o in_o other_o case_n they_o say_v where_o the_o king_n take_v the_o good_n of_o a_o subject_a by_o his_o prerogative_n there_o be_v a_o certainty_n what_o he_o may_v take_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o way_n we_o he_o may_v take_v only_o the_o good_n waive_v and_o no_o more_o in_o case_n of_o deodand_n he_o may_v take_v only_o the_o thing_n that_o cause_v the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n and_o no_o more_o in_o case_n of_o wreck_n he_o may_v take_v only_o the_o good_n that_o be_v wreck_v and_o no_o more_o in_o case_n of_o wardship_n of_o land_n hold_v in_fw-la capite_fw-la the_o king_n may_v take_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n till_o the_o heir_n sue_v his_o livery_n and_o no_o long_o in_o case_n where_o the_o king_n have_v annum_fw-la diem_fw-la et_fw-la vastum_fw-la he_o may_v retain_v of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o felon_n attaint_v which_o be_v hold_v of_o other_o lord_n for_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n and_o no_o long_o in_o all_o these_o case_n there_o be_v a_o certainty_n what_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v and_o how_o long_o he_o shall_v have_v it_o but_o in_o case_n of_o imposition_n the_o quantity_n or_o rate_n thereof_o high_a or_o low_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o king_n own_o will_n or_o pleasure_n so_o as_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v mislead_v as_o many_o prince_n have_v be_v with_o evil_a counsel_n he_o may_v with_o his_o prerogative_n do_v hurt_v the_o commonwealth_n by_o lay_v too_o heavy_a burden_n upon_o his_o subject_n for_o though_o hitherto_o his_o majesty_n have_v impose_v upon_o merchandize_n only_o twelve_o penny_n on_o the_o pound_n over_o and_o above_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o the_o subsidy_n grant_v by_o parliament_n yet_o this_o prerogative_n be_v unlimited_a he_o may_v hereafter_o say_v they_o set_v five_o shilling_n or_o ten_o shilling_n upon_o the_o pound_n if_o it_o please_v he_o and_o so_o undo_v the_o merchant_n or_o discontinue_v and_o overthrow_v all_o trade_n and_o commerce_n chap._n xxv_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o second_o objection_n to_o this_o objection_n object_n the_o fit_a answer_n be_v that_o it_o be_v a_o undutiful_a objection_n and_o withal_o too_o busy_a too_o bold_a and_o too_o presumptuous_a for_o it_o be_v a_o objection_n against_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o king_n in_o point_n of_o government_n and_o against_o the_o bounty_n and_o goodness_n of_o the_o king_n towards_o his_o people_n the_o text_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n cite_v before_o do_v call_v it_o a_o kind_n of_o sacrilege_n to_o dispute_v of_o prince_n judgement_n or_o action_n and_o for_o the_o law_n of_o england_n sure_o i_o be_o that_o it_o trust_v the_o wisdom_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n alone_o in_o matter_n of_o great_a importance_n than_o in_o lay_v of_o imposition_n or_o set_v of_o rate_n upon_o merchandize_n be_v not_o the_o king_n wisdom_n only_o trust_v with_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n with_o foreign_a nation_n whereby_o he_o may_v when_o he_o please_v interrupt_v all_o trade_n of_o merchandize_v be_v not_o the_o king_n alone_o trust_v with_o the_o like_a power_n of_o make_v and_o decry_v of_o money_n which_o be_v the_o only_a medium_fw-la of_o all_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v not_o he_o sole_o and_o without_o limitation_n trust_v with_o the_o nomination_n and_o creation_n of_o all_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n who_o be_v to_o give_v judgement_n in_o case_n concerning_o the_o liberty_n land_n and_o life_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n have_v not_o he_o a_o sole_a and_o unlimited_a power_n to_o pardon_v all_o malefactor_n to_o dispense_v with_o all_o penal_a law_n to_o distribute_v all_o honour_n to_o grant_v to_o who_o he_o please_v protection_n denization_n exemption_n not_o only_o from_o jury_n but_o from_o all_o other_o service_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o yet_o these_o prerogative_n if_o the_o same_o be_v not_o use_v with_o judgement_n and_o moderation_n may_v prove_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lay_n of_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n shall_v therefore_o any_o undutiful_a subject_n make_v these_o conclusion_n the_o king_n may_v have_v a_o continual_a war_n with_o foreign_a state_n and_o prince_n and_o so_o continual_o corrupt_v all_o course_n of_o merchandize_n ergo_o he_o shall_v lose_v his_o
or_o vessel_n of_o wine_n vent_v by_o other_o be_v also_o fine_v and_o imprison_v and_o make_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o party_n grieve_v 50_o edw._n 3._o 33._o rot._n parli_n numb._n 33._o and_o more_o than_o this_o a_o bill_n be_v prefer_v by_o the_o commons_o in_o this_o parliament_n that_o such_o as_o shall_v set_v new_a imposition_n shall_v have_v judgement_n of_o life_n and_o member_n 50_o edw._n 3_o rot._n parliament_n num_fw-la 191._o in_o arch._n turris_n turris_n these_o example_n strike_v such_o a_o terror_n at_o that_o time_n as_o from_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 3._o till_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n be_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n and_o upward_o there_o be_v no_o man_n find_v that_o will_v advise_v the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o set_v or_o levy_v any_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n by_o prerogative_n and_o therefore_o we_o find_v no_o imposition_n lay_v upon_o merchandize_n all_o that_o space_n of_o time_n queen_n mary_n indeed_o begin_v to_o set_v on_o foot_n this_o prerogative_n again_o and_o lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o three_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n upon_o every_o cloth_n transport_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o what_o do_v the_o lord_n dyer_n report_n 1_o eliz._n f.165_n fol.165_n the_o merchant_n of_o london_n say_v he_o find_v themselves_o great_o grieve_v and_o make_v exclamation_n and_o suit_n to_o queen_n elizabeth_n to_o be_v disburden_v of_o that_o imposition_n because_o it_o be_v not_o grant_v by_o parliament_n but_o assess_v by_o queen_n mary_n her_o absolute_a power_n these_o frequent_a petition_n complaint_n and_o exclamation_n these_o suspension_n and_o remital_n of_o imposition_n be_v good_a argument_n say_v they_o against_o the_o right_a of_o this_o prerogative_n chap._n xxi_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o three_o objection_n this_o objection_n consist_v of_o several_a part_n and_o shall_v receive_v a_o answer_n 3_o consist_v of_o divers_a part_n the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o answer_n king_n edw._n 1._o be_v a_o prudent_a and_o resolute_a prince_n do_v not_o only_o impose_v the_o three_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n upon_o merchant_n stranger_n by_o his_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la but_o justify_v and_o maintain_v that_o imposition_n during_o his_o life_n true_a it_o be_v that_o after_o his_o death_n king_n edw._n 2._o it_o be_v repeal_v as_o be_v before_o object_v but_o who_o act_n be_v this_o by_o who_o be_v this_o ordinance_n make_v which_o do_v repeal_v this_o charter_n not_o by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o parliament_n but_o by_o certain_a rebellious_a baron_n who_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o government_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o call_v themselves_o ordainer_n wherefore_o king_n edw._n 3._o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v revive_v that_o charter_n and_o command_v by_o his_o writ_n that_o the_o custom_n and_o duty_n therein_o contain_v shall_v be_v collect_v and_o levy_v to_o his_o use_n he_o make_v mention_n of_o these_o ordinance_n of_o 5_o edw._n 2._o 2_o and_o say_v the_o same_o be_v make_v per_fw-la quosdam_fw-la magnates_fw-la and_o not_o by_o the_o king_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n 1_o edw._n 3._o rot._n fin_n memb._n 30._o in_o arch._n turris_n which_o in_o another_o place_n before_o i_o have_v recite_v by_o which_o record_n it_o likewise_o appear_v that_o those_o ordinance_n 5_o edw._n 2._o be_v before_o that_o time_n repeal_v and_o make_v void_a and_o therefore_o that_o which_o be_v do_v in_o that_o time_n of_o that_o unfortunate_a prince_n overruled_a by_o his_o unruly_a baron_n be_v not_o to_o be_v urge_v and_o use_v as_o a_o example_n especial_o since_o they_o that_o urge_v this_o repeal_n of_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la might_n if_o they_o will_v find_v any_o thing_n which_o make_v against_o their_o contradict_a humour_n find_v in_o the_o say_a roll_n of_o ordinance_n make_v in_o 5_o edw._n 2._o divers_a arcle_n wherein_o those_o ordainer_n do_v wrong_a and_o wound_v the_o prerogative_n in_o matter_n of_o great_a importance_n than_o in_o the_o repeal_n of_o that_o charter_n for_o they_o may_v have_v find_v among_o the_o same_o ordinance_n these_o thing_n ordain_v first_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o make_v gift_n of_o land_n rent_n franhises_n ward_n or_o escheat_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o ordainer_n second_o that_o all_o gift_n and_o grant_n former_o make_v by_o the_o king_n not_o only_o of_o land_n and_o other_o thing_n in_o england_n but_o in_o gascony_n ireland_n and_o scotland_n shall_v be_v resume_v and_o make_v void_a three_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n nor_o make_v war_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o his_o baron_n and_o of_o his_o parliament_n that_o because_o the_o king_n be_v misguide_v and_o counsel_v by_o evil_a counsellor_n it_o be_v ordain_v that_o all_o his_o counsel_n shall_v be_v renew_v and_o new_a officer_n and_o servant_n appoint_v for_o he_o these_o traitorous_a ordinance_n be_v make_v against_o the_o king_n at_o that_o time_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o shame_n that_o any_o part_n of_o these_o ordinance_n shall_v be_v make_v a_o argument_n against_o the_o right_a of_o the_o crown_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n for_o with_o the_o same_o reason_n they_o may_v argue_v the_o king_n have_v no_o right_a to_o grant_v his_o land_n rent_n ward_n or_o escheat_n that_o he_o may_v not_o go_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n nor_o make_v war_n nor_o choose_v his_o own_o counsellor_n or_o servant_n without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o those_o factious_a baron_n do_v cause_v the_o king_n to_o forego_v the_o say_a imposition_n rather_o ad_fw-la faciendum_fw-la populum_fw-la and_o to_o gratify_v the_o commons_n and_o to_o draw_v they_o to_o their_o party_n than_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o if_o they_o have_v be_v good_a counsellor_n they_o will_v have_v do_v as_o the_o senate_n rome_n of_o rome_n do_v when_o nero_n in_o a_o glorious_a humour_n to_o please_v the_o people_n will_v needs_o have_v discharge_v at_o once_o all_o custom_n and_o imposition_n the_o senate_n give_v he_o thanks_o for_o his_o favour_n towards_o the_o people_n but_o utter_o dissuade_v he_o so_o to_o do_v tell_v he_o that_o in_o so_o do_v he_o will_v ruin_v the_o state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o indeed_o no_o commonwealth_n can_v stand_v without_o these_o duty_n they_o be_v nervi_fw-la they_o be_v succus_fw-la et_fw-la sanguis_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la and_o therefore_o no_o commonwealth_n be_v ever_o without_o they_o but_o the_o imaginary_a commonwealth_n of_o plato_n and_o sir_n thomas_n moore_n for_o they_o do_v both_o agree_v for_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o which_o they_o dream_v there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v pay_v for_o merchandize_n export_v and_o import_v but_o to_o return_v to_o king_n edw._n 2._o what_o follow_v upon_o the_o repeal_n of_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la and_o the_o discharge_n of_o imposition_n which_o king_n edw._n 1._o establish_v be_v not_o that_o poor_a prince_n king_n edw._n 2._o enforce_v to_o take_v up_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o his_o merchant_n by_o way_n of_o loan_n which_o he_o never_o repay_v again_o 11_o edw._n 2._o rot._n fin_n m._n 12._o whereby_o the_o merchant_n receive_v a_o great_a detriment_n than_o if_o they_o have_v make_v a_o double_a payment_n of_o custom_n and_o imposition_n which_o the_o king_n have_v discharge_v and_o therefore_o the_o example_n of_o this_o weak_a prince_n do_v make_v but_o a_o weak_a argument_n against_o the_o right_a of_o the_o crown_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o here_o i_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o observe_v that_o they_o be_v all_o wise_a and_o worthy_a prince_n which_o be_v speak_v of_o in_o former_a age_n to_o have_v lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n namely_o solomon_n solomon_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n julius_n caesar_n caesar_n and_o augustus_n caesar_n caesar_n in_o the_o empire_n king_n ed._n 1._o 1_o and_o king_n ed._n 3._o 3_o in_o england_n but_o on_o the_o other_o part_n they_o which_o release_v all_o custom_n and_o imposition_n be_v but_o weak_a prince_n and_o destroy_v themselves_o and_o the_o commonwealth_n wherein_o they_o live_v namely_o nero_n nero_n in_o the_o empire_n of_o rome_n king_n edw._n 2_o 2_o and_o king_n rich._n 2._o 2_o with_o we_o and_o true_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o common_a law_n the_o king_n can_v if_o he_o will_v release_v all_o subside_v and_o aid_n of_o his_o subject_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v for_o ever_o discharge_v of_o all_o subsidy_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o crown_n such_o a_o grant_n be_v make_v void_a and_o against_o the_o law_n second_o touch_v the_o petition_n exhibit_v to_o the_o king_n in_o sundry_a parliament_n against_o imposition_n lay_v by_o that_o king_n upon_o merchandize_n upon_o view_n of_o the_o record_n wherein_o these_o petition_n be_v contain_v with_o
forbear_v to_o use_v their_o prerogative_n in_o that_o kind_n for_o those_o other_o notable_a and_o true_a cause_n which_o be_v before_o at_o large_a express_v in_o the_o seventeen_o chapter_n last_o touch_v the_o imposition_n of_o six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n upon_o every_o cloth_n lay_v by_o queen_n mary_n after_o the_o loss_n of_o calais_n she_o hold_v the_o same_o with_o a_o new_a imposition_n upon_o french_a wine_n without_o any_o question_n during_o her_o life_n and_o albeit_o complaint_n be_v make_v against_o the_o imposition_n set_v upon_o clothes_n unto_o queen_n elizabeth_n upon_o her_o first_o entry_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o the_o people_n to_o complain_v of_o burden_n and_o charge_n upon_o every_o change_n of_o government_n yet_o we_o find_v that_o after_o the_o conference_n of_o the_o judge_n speak_v of_o by_o my_o lord_n dyer_n 1_o eliz._n f._n 165._o fol.165_n dyer_n though_o their_o resolution_n be_v not_o their_o report_a queen_n elizabeth_n do_v continue_v that_o imposition_n and_o also_o the_o impost_n upon_o french_a wine_n as_o be_v lawful_a set_v for_o the_o space_n of_o forty_o four_o year_n without_o any_o further_a contradiction_n beside_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v raise_v divers_a other_o new_a imposition_n as_o be_v before_o declare_v whereunto_o there_o be_v never_o make_v any_o opposition_n during_o her_o reign_n and_o which_o his_o majesty_n that_o now_o be_v have_v receive_v without_o any_o question_n for_o the_o space_n of_o fifteen_o year_n and_o thus_o much_o may_v suffice_v for_o answer_v to_o the_o several_a point_n in_o the_o three_o objection_n chap._n xxviii_o the_o four_o objection_n that_o the_o prerogative_n be_v bind_v or_o take_v away_o by_o divers_a act_n of_o parliament_n fourthly_a it_o be_v object_v 4_o that_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v and_o admit_v that_o the_o king_n de_fw-la jure_fw-la communi_fw-la have_v a_o rightful_a prerogative_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n yet_o that_o power_n say_v they_o be_v restrain_v and_o take_v away_o by_o sundry_a act_n of_o parliament_n first_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o do_v give_v safe_a conduct_n and_o free_a passage_n to_o all_o merchant_n to_o buy_v and_o sell_v absque_fw-la aliquibus_fw-la malis_fw-la tolnetis_fw-la per_fw-la antiquas_fw-la et_fw-la rectas_fw-la consuctudines_fw-la second_o by_o the_o act_n or_o charrer_n of_o confirmation_n in_o 25_o edw._n 3._o the_o king_n do_v release_v a_o maletolt_n of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n and_o do_v grant_v for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n unto_o the_o commons_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o take_v such_o thing_n without_o the_o commons_o consent_n or_o good_a will_n and_o in_o the_o same_o act_n or_o charter_n recite_v that_o whereas_o divers_a people_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v in_o fear_n that_o the_o aid_n and_o tax_n which_o they_o have_v give_v to_o the_o king_n before_o that_o time_n be_v towards_o his_o war_n and_o other_o business_n of_o their_o own_o grant_n and_o good_a will_n may_v turn_v to_o a_o bondage_n of_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n because_o in_o time_n to_o come_v they_o may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o roll_n and_o be_v likewise_o grieve_v for_o prize_n take_v through_o the_o realm_n the_o king_n do_v grant_v for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n that_o he_o will_v not_o draw_v such_o aid_n tax_n or_o prize_n into_o a_o custom_n for_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v do_v before_o that_o time_n be_v it_o by_o roll_n or_o any_o other_o precedent_n that_o may_v be_v find_v three_o by_o the_o statute_n 14_o edw._n 3._o cap._n 12._o the_o king_n do_v grant_v that_o all_o merchant_n denizen_n and_o alien_n may_v free_o come_v into_o the_o realm_n with_o their_o good_n and_o merchandize_n and_o free_o tarry_v there_o and_o safe_o return_v pay_v their_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o profit_n thereof_o reasonable_o due_a four_o by_o the_o statute_n 11_o rich._n 2._o cap._n 9_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o imposition_n or_o charge_n be_v put_v upon_o wool_n wool-fell_n or_o leather_n other_o than_o the_o custom_n or_o subsidy_n grant_v to_o the_o king_n in_o that_o parliament_n if_o any_o be_v the_o same_o to_o be_v annul_v and_o repeal_v save_v to_o the_o king_n his_o ancient_a right_n there_o be_v other_o act_n of_o parliament_n contain_v the_o same_o sense_n and_o substance_n but_o these_o principal_o have_v be_v single_v out_o and_o cite_v as_o special_o statute_n restrain_v and_o take_v away_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n chap._n xxix_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o four_o objection_n to_o this_o objection_n first_o i_o answer_v object_n that_o this_o be_v a_o prerogative_n in_o point_n of_o government_n as_o well_o as_o in_o point_n of_o profit_n it_o can_v be_v restrain_v or_o bind_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n it_o can_v be_v limit_v by_o any_o certain_a or_o fix_a rule_n of_o law_n no_o more_o than_o the_o course_n of_o a_o pilot_n upon_o the_o sea_n who_o must_v turn_v the_o helm_n or_o bear_v high_a or_o low_a sail_n according_a to_o the_o wind_n and_o weather_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v proper_o say_v that_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o this_o point_n be_v as_o strong_a as_o samson_n it_o can_v be_v bind_v for_o though_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v make_v to_o restrain_v it_o and_o the_o king_n do_v give_v his_o consent_n unto_o it_o as_o samson_n be_v bind_v with_o his_o own_o consent_n yet_o if_o the_o philistine_n come_v that_o be_v if_o any_o just_a or_o important_a occasion_n do_v arise_v it_o can_v hold_v or_o restrain_v the_o prerogative_n it_o will_v be_v as_o thread_n and_o break_v as_o easy_a as_o the_o bond_n of_o samson_n and_o again_o ius_fw-la imponendi_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la inhaeret_fw-la sceptro_fw-la say_v the_o law_n imperial_a and_o quod_fw-la sceptro_fw-la inhaeret_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la tolli_fw-la nisi_fw-la sublato_fw-la sceptro_fw-la the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v the_o sunbeam_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o as_o inseparable_a from_o it_o as_o the_o sunbeam_n from_o the_o sun_n the_o king_n crown_n must_v be_v take_v from_o his_o head_n before_o his_o prerogative_n can_v be_v take_v away_o from_o he_o samson_n hair_n must_v be_v cut_v off_o before_o his_o courage_n can_v be_v any_o jot_n abate_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n act_n nor_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v give_v away_o his_o prerogative_n for_o in_o his_o own_o act_n the_o king_n can_v release_v a_o tenure_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la nor_o grant_v it_o to_o any_o subject_a dyer_n 44._o 44._o if_o the_o king_n grant_v land_n to_o i.s._n to_o hold_v as_o free_o as_o the_o king_n himself_o hold_v his_o crown_n he_o shall_v hold_v his_o land_n still_o of_o the_o king_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o if_o he_o alien_a it_o he_o shall_v pay_v a_o fine_a for_o the_o tenure_n be_v vest_v in_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n say_v the_o book_n 14_o hen._n 6._o 12._o and_o therefore_o when_o king_n edw._n 3._o do_v grant_v unto_o the_o black_a prince_n his_o elder_a son_n the_o duchy_n of_o cornwall_n una_fw-la cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la wardis_fw-la maritagiis_fw-la et_fw-la releviis_fw-la etc._n etc._n non_fw-la obstante_fw-la prerogativa_fw-la regis_fw-la the_o prince_n can_v not_o seize_v a_o ward_n that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n ward_n who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n because_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n 34_o ass._n pl._n 25._o whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o king_n by_o his_o own_o grant_n can_v sever_v his_o prerogative_n from_o the_o crown_n nor_o communicate_v any_o part_n thereof_o to_o any_o one_o not_o to_o the_o prince_n his_o elder_a son_n and_o in_o this_o case_n of_o tenure_n it_o be_v resolve_v in_o the_o last_o assembly_n of_o parliament_n in_o england_n that_o no_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v be_v frame_v by_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n whereby_o all_o tenure_n of_o the_o crown_n may_v be_v extinguish_v neither_o can_v any_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o flat_a negative_a take_v away_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o the_o affirmative_a the_o king_n have_v a_o prerogative_n in_o the_o affirmation_n that_o he_o may_v pardon_v all_o malefactor_n there_o be_v a_o statute_n make_v at_o northampton_n 2_o edw._n 3._o 3_o that_o no_o charter_n of_o pardon_n for_o kill_v a_o man_n shall_v thence_o forth_o be_v grant_v but_o in_o one_o case_n where_o one_o man_n kill_v another_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n by_o misfortune_n have_v this_o statute_n so_o bind_v the_o prerogative_n as_o no_o man_n ever_o since_o have_v be_v pardon_v for_o kill_v a_o man_n but_o in_o the_o case_n before_o mention_v the_o king_n have_v a_o prerogative_n in_o point_n of_o government_n to_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o sheriff_n in_o every_o county_n there_o be_v a_o statute_n make_v 28_o edw._n 3_o cap._n 7._o that_o
no_o man_n shall_v be_v sheriff_n two_o year_n together_o and_o that_o no_o commission_n shall_v be_v grant_v or_o renew_v for_o the_o year_n follow_v to_o he_o that_o have_v be_v sheriff_n the_o year_n before_o be_v the_o king_n prerogative_n bind_v by_o this_o statute_n when_o he_o grant_v the_o sheriffwick_n of_o northumberland_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n during_o his_o life_n with_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la of_o that_o statute_n 2_o hen._n 7._o fol._n 6._o again_o the_o king_n have_v no_o ancient_a and_o absolute_a power_n to_o grant_v dispensation_n for_o hold_v ecclesiastical_a benefice_n in_fw-la commendum_fw-la there_o be_v a_o statute_n make_v 7_o edw._n 3_o in_o ireland_n whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v and_o declare_v that_o the_o king_n dispensation_n in_o this_o case_n shall_v be_v utter_o void_a if_o it_o be_v not_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v this_o statute_n so_o derogate_v from_o the_o king_n prerogative_n and_o so_o restrain_v it_o that_o he_o may_v not_o only_o by_o his_o letter_n patent_n grant_v commendamus_fw-la before_o the_o statute_n of_o 28_o hen._n 8._o in_o this_o realm_n assure_o the_o king_n dispensation_n non_fw-la obstante_fw-la the_o statute_n will_v have_v take_v away_o the_o force_n thereof_o as_o if_o no_o such_o law_n have_v ever_o be_v make_v there_o be_v manyoth_a case_n of_o like_a nature_n which_o i_o omit_v as_o for_o the_o particular_a statute_n before_o recite_v the_o word_n thereof_o be_v too_o general_a to_o bind_v or_o restrain_v this_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n first_o that_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la do_v give_v safe_a conduct_n to_o all_o merchant_n to_o come_v and_o go_v and_o to_o tarry_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o to_o buy_v and_o sell_v their_o merchandize_n sine_fw-la malis_fw-la tolneâ—is_fw-la per_fw-la antiqnas_fw-la et_fw-la rectas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la how_o do_v these_o general_a word_n restrain_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o this_o case_n for_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o be_v the_o common_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n do_v warrant_n and_o approve_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n as_o before_o i_o have_v full_o and_o clear_o prove_v than_o a_o reasonable_a imposition_n lay_v by_o the_o king_n be_v antiqua_fw-la and_o rect_v a_o consuetudo_fw-la warrant_v and_o approve_v by_o the_o great_a charter_n second_o albeit_o king_n edw._n 1._o by_o act_n or_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n of_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la make_v in_o anno_fw-la 25._o of_o his_o reign_n do_v release_v the_o maletolt_n of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n and_o do_v grant_v for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n that_o he_o will_v take_v no_o such_o thing_n without_o the_o assent_n and_o good_a will_n of_o the_o commons_o that_o word_n such_o do_v not_o absolute_o bind_v the_o king_n prerog._n that_o he_o shall_v lay_v no_o imposition_n at_o all_o for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v intend_v such_o in_o quantity_n such_o in_o excess_n for_o foury_a shilling_n at_o that_o time_n be_v as_o much_o as_o six_o pound_n at_o this_o day_n which_o the_o scarcity_n of_o money_n in_o those_o day_n be_v consider_v and_o compare_v with_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n at_o this_o day_n may_v then_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o great_a burden_n and_o yet_o this_o strong_a band_n do_v not_o bind_v k._n ed._n 3._o his_o grandchild_n but_o that_o notwithstanding_o this_o charter_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n he_o take_v these_o thing_n in_o great_a quantity_n sometime_o forty_o shilling_n sometime_o fifty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n when_o the_o philistine_n come_v upon_o he_o that_o be_v when_o the_o war_n of_o france_n and_o other_o urgent_a occasion_n do_v press_v he_o to_o it_o as_o to_o the_o other_o article_n contain_v in_o the_o act_n or_o charter_n of_o 25_o edw._n 3._o where_o it_o be_v say_v the_o people_n do_v fear_v leave_v the_o aid_n and_o tax_n grant_v of_o their_o good_a will_n to_o the_o king_n may_v turn_v to_o a_o bondage_n to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n when_o the_o same_o in_o time_n to_o come_v shall_v be_v find_v in_o the_o roll_n and_o the_o king_n do_v grant_v for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n that_o he_o will_v not_o draw_v such_o aid_n and_o tax_n into_o a_o custom_n that_o act_n in_o this_o point_n restrain_v not_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o set_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n for_o it_o speak_v only_o of_o aid_n and_o tax_n willing_o grant_v by_o the_o people_n in_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o i_o marvel_v that_o this_o article_n be_v ever_o object_v or_o use_v as_o a_o argument_n against_o imposition_n and_o whereâ—â—_z the_o king_n do_v grant_v that_o such_o aid_n shall_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o a_o custom_n such_o word_n be_v usual_a in_o the_o preamble_n of_o act_n of_o subsidy_n where_o the_o grant_n be_v large_a and_o extraordinary_a viz._n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o a_o example_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v a_o precedent_n in_o future_a time_n and_o yet_o succeed_a parliament_n have_v not_o forbear_v to_o grant_v as_o large_a subsidy_n as_o former_o be_v grant_v three_o the_o statute_n of_o 14_o edw._n 3._o cap._n 12._o do_v rather_o maintain_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o this_o case_n than_o any_o way_n impugn_v or_o impeach_v it_o for_o by_o that_o law_n free_a passage_n be_v grant_v to_o all_o merchant_n pay_v the_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o profit_n thereof_o reasonable_o due_a now_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o all_o duty_n payable_a to_o the_o king_n for_o merchandize_n be_v of_o three_o kind_n only_o custom_n which_o be_v these_o ancient_a and_o certain_a duty_n wherein_o the_o crown_n have_v no_o inheritance_n as_o be_v before_o express_v subsidy_n which_o be_v grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o imposition_n which_o be_v raise_v from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n only_o we_o find_v not_o a_o four_o kind_n and_o therefore_o the_o word_n profit_n must_v needs_o be_v take_v for_o imposition_n four_o the_o statue_n of_o 11_o rich._n 2_o cap._n 9_o though_o it_o provide_v in_o express_a term_n that_o no_o imposition_n or_o charge_n be_v lay_v upon_o wool_n wool-fell_n or_o leather_n other_o than_o the_o custom_n or_o subsidy_n grant_v in_o that_o parliament_n yet_o it_o save_v always_o to_o the_o king_n his_o ancient_a right_n this_o be_v as_o turbulent_a a_o parliament_n as_o ever_o be_v hold_v in_o england_n and_o yet_o be_v the_o king_n right_o acknowledge_v though_o the_o unruly_a lord_n and_o commons_o do_v in_o a_o manner_n force_v his_o assent_n to_o limit_v his_o prerogative_n at_o that_o time_n last_o if_o these_o act_n have_v absolute_o bind_v the_o king_n prerogative_n and_o have_v be_v observe_v literal_o and_o punctual_o until_o this_o time_n the_o king_n shall_v only_o have_v have_v at_o this_o day_n the_o demy_a mark_n for_o our_o own_o staple_n ware_n and_o perhaps_o the_o three_o penny_n custom_n for_o foreign_a commodity_n and_o no_o more_o what_o a_o inconvenience_n what_o a_o absurdity_n have_v this_o be_v at_o this_o day_n when_o all_o foreign_a prince_n have_v raise_v their_o custom_n to_o a_o exceed_a height_n when_o as_o i_o have_v note_v before_o the_o necessary_a expense_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v so_o much_o increase_v when_o the_o prize_n of_o all_o commodity_n be_v so_o much_o enhance_v when_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n when_o the_o king_n revenue_n within_o the_o land_n be_v so_o much_o improve_v be_v it_o fit_a that_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n shall_v stand_v at_o a_o stay_n and_o keep_v the_o old_a rate_n without_o augmentation_n chap._n xxx_o the_o five_o objection_n that_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n be_v never_o take_v but_o when_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v by_o parliament_n fiftly_o it_o be_v object_v 5_o that_o the_o subsidy_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n be_v never_o take_v by_o any_o king_n of_o england_n but_o when_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n say_v they_o that_o the_o king_n can_v never_o take_v those_o duty_n but_o by_o his_o absolute_a power_n for_o if_o his_o prerogative_n can_v have_v impose_v those_o rate_n of_o itself_o what_o need_n be_v there_o of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n why_o shall_v the_o king_n have_v expect_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o commons_o cum_fw-la dominus_fw-la eis_fw-la opus_fw-la habet_fw-la and_o when_o the_o exchequer_n be_v so_o empty_a as_o the_o jewel_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v lay_v to_o pawn_v by_o some_o of_o those_o king_n who_o be_v glad_a to_o take_v these_o subsidy_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n chap._n xxxi_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o five_o objection_n the_o answer_n to_o this_o objection_n object_n be_v twofold_a first_o
that_o which_o be_v object_v be_v not_o true_a for_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n have_v be_v take_v by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n second_o if_o it_o have_v be_v true_a it_o be_v no_o argument_n against_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o this_o point_n for_o what_o be_v tonnage_n but_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n payable_a for_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n import_v do_v not_o king_n edw._n 3_o by_o force_n of_o his_o charter_n mercatoria_fw-la without_o act_n of_o parliament_n take_v two_o shilling_n for_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n import_v by_o stranger_n do_v not_o the_o same_o king_n set_v a_o new_a imposition_n of_o gage_n viz._n upon_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n bring_v into_o london_n as_o be_v before_o express_v and_o be_v not_o the_o several_a imposition_n of_o wine_n take_v by_o his_o majesty_n in_o england_n and_o ireland_n a_o kind_n of_o tonnage_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o extraordinary_a rate_n impose_v upon_o ever_o tun_n of_o wine_n and_o levy_v and_o take_v by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n again_o be_v not_o the_o three_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n impose_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o by_o his_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la a_o kind_n of_o poundage_n and_o well_o nigh_o as_o great_a a_o imposition_n as_o twelve_o of_o the_o pound_n grant_v at_o this_o day_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o standard_n of_o money_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 1._o when_o a_o penny_n sterling_a do_v contain_v as_o much_o or_o more_o pure_a silver_n as_o the_o three_o penny_n sterling_a do_v contain_v at_o this_o day_n but_o admit_v that_o no_o tonnage_n or_o poundage_n have_v ever_o be_v take_v but_o by_o grant_n in_o parliament_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o argument_n but_o that_o the_o king_n may_v impose_v the_o like_a or_o the_o same_o by_o his_o prerogative_n for_o three_o particular_a reason_n the_o first_o because_o these_o subsidy_n be_v grant_v for_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n royal_a the_o charge_n whereof_o be_v grow_v so_o great_a in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 4._o 4_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o act_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n grant_v in_o the_o 12_o year_n of_o that_o king_n reign_n that_o it_o suffice_v not_o nor_o in_o time_n to_o come_v be_v like_o to_o suffice_v or_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o keep_v the_o sea_n these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o that_o act_n if_o then_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 4._o the_o subsidy_n of_o tonnage_n be_v three_o shilling_n upon_o a_o tun_n of_o wine_n bring_v in_o by_o denizen_n and_o six_o shilling_n upon_o a_o tun_n bring_v in_o by_o stranger_n and_o the_o subsidy_n of_o poundage_n or_o of_o twelve_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n upon_o other_o commodity_n be_v not_o then_o sufficient_a to_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o royal_a navy_n which_o be_v not_o comparable_a by_o many_o degree_n in_o strength_n and_o beauty_n and_o multitude_n of_o ship_n to_o the_o king_n navy_n at_o this_o day_n do_v it_o stand_v with_o reason_n that_o the_o crown_n shall_v be_v stint_v or_o limit_v ever_o after_o to_o take_v no_o more_o than_o those_o poor_a subsidy_n grant_v at_o that_o time_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v wait_v for_o a_o parliament_n and_o pray_v a_o aid_n of_o the_o commons_o for_o a_o competent_a mean_n to_o maintain_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o kingdom_n when_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n he_o may_v grant_v letter_n patent_n for_o murage_n to_o maintain_v the_o wall_n of_o a_o corporate_a town_n if_o any_o unexpected_a necessity_n shall_v arise_v for_o repair_v of_o the_o navy_n royal_a and_o make_v a_o naval_a war_n shall_v the_o king_n expect_v a_o parliament_n for_o a_o great_a subsidy_n to_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o commons_o before_o he_o shall_v rig_v and_o make_v ready_a his_o ship_n perhaps_o a_o kingdom_n may_v be_v lose_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n as_o if_o a_o pilot_n sit_v at_o the_o helm_n and_o see_v a_o sudden_a gust_n of_o wind_n will_v overset_v the_o ship_n or_o perceive_v she_o to_o be_v run_v on_o a_o rock_n shall_v forbear_v to_o turn_v the_o helm_n or_o cause_v the_o sail_n to_o be_v strike_v until_o he_o have_v consult_v with_o the_o mariner_n or_o passenger_n and_o demand_v their_o consent_n or_o counsel_n in_o the_o business_n the_o pilot_n himself_o with_o his_o mariner_n and_o passenger_n may_v be_v cast_v away_o before_o they_o be_v agree_v what_o course_n to_o take_v second_o these_o subsidy_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n be_v first_o grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n between_o the_o two_o great_a house_n of_o lancaster_n and_o york_n when_o the_o several_a king_n be_v loath_a to_o make_v use_n of_o their_o prerogative_n but_o be_v glad_a to_o please_v their_o people_n and_o loath_a to_o impose_v any_o charge_n upon_o they_o but_o by_o common_a consent_n in_o those_o troublesome_a time_n three_o king_n and_o prince_n oftentimes_o of_o their_o own_o noble_a nature_n and_o sometime_o in_o policy_n do_v accept_v that_o of_o their_o subject_n as_o a_o gift_n which_o they_o may_v exact_v and_o take_v as_o a_o duty_n and_o therefore_o our_o most_o potent_a and_o politic_a king_n have_v ordain_v and_o accept_v many_o thing_n in_o parliament_n which_o they_o may_v have_v do_v in_o their_o private_a chamber_n by_o their_o own_o prerogative_n without_o any_o other_o ceremony_n who_o ever_o make_v doubt_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o establish_v the_o standard_n of_o money_n and_o yet_o how_o many_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v we_o find_v touch_v money_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n e._n 1._o and_o king_n edw._n 2_o the_o king_n prerotative_a in_o make_v and_o establish_v martial_a law_n be_v never_o yet_o in_o question_n yet_o be_v there_o act_n of_o parliament_n touch_v muster_n departure_n of_o soldier_n without_o their_o captain_n licence_n or_o the_o like_a the_o king_n only_o do_v give_v honour_n and_o place_n of_o precedency_n yet_o king_n hen._n 8._o make_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n whereby_o he_o rank_v the_o great_a office_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o their_o several_a place_n as_o well_o in_o council_n as_o in_o parliament_n no_o man_n ever_o doubt_v but_o the_o king_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o justice_n may_v erect_v court_n of_o justice_n by_o his_o prerogative_n yet_o we_o find_v the_o court_n of_o augmentation_n and_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n erect_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n last_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 2._o we_o find_v a_o act_n of_o declaration_n of_o the_o principal_a prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n be_v most_o undoubted_a and_o clear_a yet_o his_o majesty_n be_v please_v in_o his_o first_o parliament_n to_o accept_v of_o a_o act_n of_o recognition_n chap._n xxxii_o the_o conclusion_n by_o these_o reason_n and_o demonstration_n which_o be_v before_o express_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o ancient_a prerogative_n inherent_a to_o the_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n may_v just_o and_o lawful_o set_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o may_v limit_v and_o rate_v the_o quantity_n and_o proportion_n thereof_o by_o his_o own_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o this_o prerogative_n be_v warrant_v and_o approve_v by_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o principal_a branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o the_o imperial_a law_n the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n and_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o by_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o most_o prudent_a king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n since_o the_o conquest_n and_o that_o this_o prerogative_n be_v ground_v upon_o many_o excellent_a reason_n and_o that_o the_o several_a objection_n make_v against_o this_o prerogative_n be_v but_o shadow_n and_o colour_n of_o reason_n and_o clear_o remove_v and_o wash_v away_o by_o the_o several_a answer_n thereunto_o chap._n xxxiii_o a_o comparison_n of_o the_o imposition_n set_v and_o take_v in_o england_n by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n with_o the_o exception_n and_o gabelle_n in_o foreign_a state_n and_o kingdom_n whereby_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n do_v not_o bear_v so_o heavy_a a_o burden_n by_o many_o degree_n as_o the_o subject_n of_o other_o nation_n do_v bear_v in_o this_o kind_n albeit_o indeed_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v no_o emperor_n and_o have_v all_o imperial_a right_n within_o his_o own_o kingdom_n have_v and_o ever_o have_v as_o absolute_a a_o prerogative_n imponere_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la or_o to_o lay_v imposition_n as_o the_o emperor_n of_o rome_n or_o germany_n or_o any_o other_o king_n prince_n or_o state_n in_o the_o world_n now_o have_v or_o ever_o have_v yet_o let_v
it_o be_v true_o say_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n that_o his_o majesty_n that_o now_o be_v and_o all_o his_o noble_a progenitor_n have_v use_v and_o put_v in_o practice_n this_o prerogative_n with_o more_o moderation_n and_o favour_n towards_o the_o people_n than_o any_o foreign_a state_n or_o prince_n in_o the_o world_n have_v beside_o and_o that_o in_o three_o respect_n first_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v make_v use_n of_o this_o prerogative_n only_o in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n upon_o such_o only_a and_o not_o upon_o any_o other_o good_n which_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v within_o the_o land_n neither_o do_v he_o by_o his_o absolute_a power_n alone_o impose_v any_o tax_n upon_o land_n or_o capita_fw-la hominum_fw-la or_o capita_fw-la animalium_fw-la or_o upon_o other_o thing_n innumerable_a whereof_o there_o be_v strange_a precedent_n and_o example_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a in_o other_o country_n second_o the_o king_n do_v not_o charge_v all_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n with_o this_o imposition_n now_o in_o question_n for_o in_o the_o letter_n patent_n whereby_o the_o imposition_n of_o twelve_o penny_n in_o the_o pound_n over_o and_o above_o the_o subsidy_n of_o poundage_n be_v lay_v and_o limit_v divers_a kind_n of_o commodity_n be_v except_v especial_o such_o as_o serve_v for_o food_n and_o subsistence_n of_o the_o king_n people_n for_o set_v the_o poor_a on_o work_n for_o maintenance_n of_o navigation_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o like_a nature_n as_o before_o be_v declare_v three_o the_o imposition_n which_o be_v lay_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n upon_o merchandize_n be_v not_o so_o high_a as_o the_o imposition_n and_o exaction_n set_v and_o take_v by_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n for_o the_o high_a imposition_n in_o ireland_n be_v but_o twelve_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n or_o but_o a_o single_a poundage_n which_o be_v but_o five_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o be_v the_o low_a rate_n in_o christendom_n at_o this_o day_n and_o in_o england_n there_o be_v add_v but_o twelve_o penny_n in_o the_o pound_n more_o which_o be_v but_o ten_o pound_n upon_o the_o hundred_o pound_n and_o yet_o divers_a sort_n of_o merchandize_n as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v except_v and_o discharge_v of_o that_o imposition_n of_o the_o second_o imposition_n of_o twelve_o penny_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n let_v we_o see_v the_o practice_n of_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n in_o lay_v imposition_n and_o how_o far_o they_o have_v extend_v and_o strain_v their_o prerogative_n in_o that_o point_n beyond_o and_o above_o the_o imposition_n in_o england_n i_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o have_v gain_v the_o monarchy_n of_o the_o world_n so_o as_o all_o kingly_a power_n do_v rest_n in_o their_o emperor_n first_o julius_n caesar_n lay_v the_o first_o imposition_n imposition_n upon_o foreign_a merchandize_n say_v suctonius_n peregrinarum_fw-la mercium_fw-la portaria_fw-la primus_fw-la instituit_fw-la and_o that_o imposition_n be_v octava_fw-la rerum_fw-la pars_fw-la which_o be_v more_o by_o a_o five_o part_n than_o our_o high_a imposition_n in_o england_n for_o it_o be_v two_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n next_o augustus_n caesar_n about_o the_o time_n of_o our_o saviour_n birth_n send_v out_o a_o edict_n whereby_o he_o do_v tax_v all_o the_o world_n and_o this_o tax_n be_v capitatio_fw-la or_o a_o imposition_n super_fw-la capita_fw-la hominum_fw-la though_o the_o quantity_n thereof_o do_v not_o appear_v but_o the_o poll-money_n which_o our_o saviour_n do_v pay_v and_o wrought_v a_o miracle_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o high_a insition_n for_o the_o piece_n of_o money_n take_v out_o of_o the_o fish_n mouth_n which_o be_v call_v didrachma_fw-la or_o stater_n be_v say_v to_o be_v worth_a two_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n sterling_a which_o be_v give_v for_o himself_o and_o peter_n da_fw-la illis_fw-la pro_fw-la me_fw-la et_fw-la te_fw-la show_v that_o fifteen_o penny_n sterling_a be_v give_v for_o a_o poll_n which_o must_v needs_o amount_v to_o a_o infinite_a thing_n if_o it_o be_v collect_v over_o all_o the_o world_n then_o subject_a to_o the_o roman_a emperor_n tiberius_n the_o roman_a emperor_n emperor_n who_o succeed_v augustus_n take_v the_o hundred_o part_n of_o all_o thing_n buy_v and_o sell_v within_o the_o empire_n which_o perhaps_o be_v a_o imposition_n of_o great_a value_n and_o profit_n than_o the_o other_o caligula_n caligula_n the_o emperor_n lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o all_o suit_n in_o law_n and_o take_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o value_n of_o the_o value_n of_o the_o thing_n sue_v for_o and_o set_v a_o pain_n upon_o the_o plaintiff_n if_o he_o compound_v or_o be_v nonsuited_a without_o his_o licence_n he_o likewise_o impose_v a_o number_n of_o sesterii_fw-la upon_o every_o marriage_n contract_v or_o make_v within_o the_o whole_a empire_n vespasian_n vespasian_n in_o mean_a and_o more_o homely_a matter_n take_v by_o way_n of_o imposition_n a_o part_n of_o every_o poor_a labourer_n wage_n and_o part_n of_o every_o beggar_n alm_n he_o set_v likewise_o a_o imposition_n upon_o urine_n and_o please_v himself_o with_o this_o apothegm_n dulcis_fw-la odor_fw-la lucri_fw-la ex_fw-la re_fw-la qualibet_fw-la severus_n the_o emperor_n do_v impose_v upon_o the_o dishonest_a gain_n of_o the_o stew_n and_o take_v part_n of_o the_o prostitute_n there_o as_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n do_v at_o this_o day_n all_o the_o emperor_n before_o trajan_n take_v the_o twenty_o part_n of_o all_o legacy_n and_o land_n descend_v as_o thing_n which_o come_v unlooked_v for_o and_o as_o a_o clear_a gain_n and_o therefore_o the_o heir_n and_o legatory_n may_v easy_o spare_v a_o part_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o nicephorus_n one_o of_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n do_v not_o only_o take_v sumaria_fw-la tributa_fw-la smoke-money_n out_o of_o every_o chimney_n but_o he_o lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o every_o man_n estate_n that_o grow_v sudden_o rich_a upon_o a_o presumption_n that_o he_o have_v find_v a_o treasury_n which_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n by_o prerogative_n with_o a_o little_a more_o search_n i_o may_v find_v out_o other_o imposition_n of_o several_a kind_n set_v by_o the_o ancient_a emperor_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o beast_n upon_o the_o tile_n of_o house_n and_o the_o like_a i_o may_v add_v hereunto_o the_o imposition_n set_v by_o lorraine_n upon_o every_o pane_n of_o glass_n in_o window_n but_o these_o may_v suffice_v how_o high_a they_o strain_v and_o how_o far_o they_o extend_v their_o prerogative_n in_o this_o point_n of_o imposition_n second_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v overcome_v by_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n and_o other_o barbarous_a nation_n and_o thereby_o break_v into_o kingdom_n and_o free_a state_n their_o pass_a divers_a age_n before_o these_o monarchy_n can_v be_v well_o settle_v and_o before_o peace_n breed_v plenty_n any_o plenty_n breed_v civility_n and_o before_o trade_n traffic_n commerce_n and_o intercourse_n can_v be_v establish_v between_o these_o state_n and_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o while_o these_o state_n and_o kingdom_n be_v yet_o but_o poor_a and_o while_o there_o be_v a_o general_a scarcity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o so_o for_o want_v of_o money_n there_o be_v but_o little_a trade_n and_o traffic_n among_o the_o people_n either_o at_o home_n or_o broad_a king_n and_o prince_n do_v not_o neither_o can_v they_o make_v that_o use_n of_o their_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n as_o they_o have_v do_v in_o those_o latter_a time_n since_o all_o art_n and_o science_n have_v be_v increase_v all_o commodity_n improve_v and_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n indies_n have_v be_v transport_v into_o this_o hemisphere_n but_o now_o let_v we_o see_v whether_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n of_o other_o country_n round_o about_o we_o at_o this_o day_n make_v not_o a_o far_o more_o profitable_a use_n of_o their_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o their_o people_n than_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v albeit_o his_o kingly_a power_n be_v full_a as_o large_a as_o any_o of_o they_o in_o france_n france_n the_o most_o rich_a and_o ancient_a of_o the_o neighbour_n kingdom_n the_o imposition_n not_o only_o upon_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n but_o also_o upon_o land_n good_n person_n of_o man_n within_o the_o realm_n be_v so_o many_o in_o number_n and_o in_o name_n so_o divers_a as_o it_o be_v a_o pain_n to_o name_n and_o collect_v they_o all_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o more_o painful_a thing_n for_o the_o people_n of_o that_o kingdom_n to_o bear_v they_o all_o la_fw-fr tally_n le_fw-fr talon_n les_fw-fr aid_n les_fw-fr aquavalentes_fw-la les_fw-fr equi_fw-la pollentes_fw-la les_fw-fr cruces_fw-la or_o augmentation_n of_o divers_a kind_n le_fw-fr hop_n benevolence_n la_fw-fr cabelle_n
upon_o salt_n amount_v to_o a_o exceed_a great_a revenue_n the_o impost_n of_o wine_n upon_o every_o vessel_n carry_v into_o any_o wall_a town_n or_o suburb_n thereof_o and_o payable_a although_o it_o be_v transport_v thence_o again_o before_o it_o be_v sell_v la_o halt_fw-fr passage_n or_o de_fw-fr main_a foreign_a for_o merchandize_n export_v le_fw-fr traject_n forrene_a for_o merchandize_n import_v la_o solid_a de_fw-fr cinquant_n mil_fw-mi holme_fw-fr impose_v upon_o city_n and_o wall_a town_n and_o the_o suburb_n only_o and_o after_o lay_v upon_o town_n and_o country_n without_o distinction_n the_o common_a position_n for_o provision_n the_o tenth_o pay_v by_o all_o ecclesiastical_a person_n these_o and_o other_o imposition_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n be_v lay_v and_o levy_v upon_o the_o subject_n of_o france_n by_o the_o absolute_a power_n and_o prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n and_o though_o many_o of_o these_o be_v impose_v at_o first_o upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n and_o set_v but_o for_o a_o time_n yet_o the_o succeed_a prince_n have_v continue_v they_o from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o the_o most_o part_n of_o they_o make_v ordinary_a and_o perpetual_a by_o king_n lewis_n the_o 11._o who_o be_v wont_a to_o say_v france_n be_v a_o meadow_n which_o he_o can_v have_v mow_v as_o often_o as_o he_o please_v in_o spain_n there_o be_v a_o imposition_n imposition_n name_v alcavala_n impose_v as_o well_o upon_o the_o nobility_n as_o the_o commons_o which_o be_v first_o raise_v by_o alphonsus_n the_o 12._o to_o expel_v the_o moor_n and_o for_o the_o expurgation_n of_o algiers_n but_o afterwards_o it_o was_v make_v perpetual_a and_o be_v now_o a_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n gutturis_fw-la de_fw-la gabellis_fw-la quaest._n 174_o 174._o this_o imposition_n be_v at_o first_o but_o the_o twenty_o part_n but_o afterwrds_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o ten_o of_o every_o man_n estate_n which_o do_v far_o surmount_v the_o high_a imposition_n that_o ever_o be_v lay_v in_o england_n by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n this_o alcavala_n be_v a_o imposition_n within_o the_o land_n but_o the_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n export_v and_o import_v be_v far_o high_o especial_o upon_o merchant_n stranger_n for_o their_o common_a imposition_n upon_o stranger_n be_v five_o part_n upon_o the_o hundred_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1604_o they_o impose_v thirty_o of_o the_o hundred_o as_o be_v before_o declare_v and_o upon_o the_o ingate_n of_o indian_a spice_n into_o portugal_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n do_v lay_v the_o great_a rate_n that_o ever_o be_v set_v in_o christendom_n although_o upon_o the_o outgate_n the_o rate_n be_v more_o moderate_a in_o italy_n the_o imposition_n and_o gabelle_n set_v upon_o every_o kind_n of_o thing_n by_o the_o state_n and_o prince_n there_o be_v intolerable_a and_o innumerable_a non_fw-la mihi_fw-la si_fw-la centum_fw-la linguae_fw-la sunt_fw-la oraque_fw-la centum_fw-la ferrea_fw-la vox_fw-la italorum_fw-la omnes_fw-la numerare_fw-la gabellas_fw-la cunct_v a_o gabellarum_fw-la percurrere_fw-la nomina_fw-la possem_fw-la especial_o upon_o the_o great_a town_n and_o territory_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n imposition_n where_o there_o be_v not_o any_o root_n nor_o any_o herb_n nor_o the_o least_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o life_n of_o man_n that_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v or_o bring_v into_o any_o town_n but_o there_o be_v a_o gabell_n or_o imposition_n set_v upon_o it_o where_o no_o inn-holder_n baker_n brewer_n or_o artificer_n can_v exercise_v his_o trade_n but_o the_o great_a duke_n will_v share_v with_o he_o in_o his_o gain_n by_o lay_v some_o imposition_n upon_o he_o where_o no_o man_n can_v travel_v by_o land_n or_o by_o water_n but_o at_o every_o bridge_n at_o every_o ferry_n at_o every_o wharf_n or_o key_n at_o every_o gate_n of_o a_o town_n the_o garbellor_n arrest_v he_o and_o be_v ready_a to_o strip_v he_o naked_a to_o search_v what_o good_n he_o have_v about_o he_o for_o which_o he_o ought_v to_o pay_v the_o garbell_n in_o the_o pope_n territory_n the_o imposition_n pope_n which_o his_o holiness_n do_v lay_v upon_o his_o subject_n as_o a_o temporal_a prince_n be_v as_o many_o and_o as_o heavy_a as_o those_o that_o be_v levy_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o tuscany_n in_o so_o much_o as_o when_o sixtus_n quintus_n quintus_fw-la have_v set_v a_o imposition_n upon_o every_o thing_n that_o serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n life_n pasquil_n make_v haste_n to_o dry_v his_o shirt_n in_o the_o sun_n fear_v the_o pope_n will_v set_v some_o imposition_n upon_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n miastingo_fw-la say_v he_o in_o the_o 16._o sole_fw-la sevenda_fw-la i_o omit_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o exaction_n of_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n in_o another_o kind_n which_o be_v infinite_a and_o which_o long_o lie_v heavy_a upon_o the_o western_a country_n of_o christendom_n until_o of_o late_a year_n some_o nation_n do_v free_v themselves_o thereof_o by_o reject_v the_o yoke_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o signiory_n of_o venice_n venice_n the_o gabelle_n upon_o the_o land_n be_v more_o moderate_a than_o in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o italy_n but_o that_o city_n be_v the_o lady_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n do_v use_n by_o prescription_n a_o high_a prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o all_o merchandize_n arrive_v within_o the_o gulf_n civitas_fw-la venetiorum_fw-la say_v baltholus_n baltholus_n potest_fw-la pro_fw-la maritmeis_fw-la mercibus_fw-la gabellas_fw-la imponere_fw-la quia_fw-la est_fw-la civitas_fw-la in_fw-la mari_fw-la situata_fw-la and_o veneti_n say_v baldus_n baidus_fw-la ex_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la sunt_fw-la domini_fw-la maris_fw-la adriatici_fw-la et_fw-la possunt_fw-la statuere_fw-la super_fw-la gabellis_fw-la maris_fw-la wherein_o they_o observe_v a_o profitable_a and_o politic_a course_n for_o upon_o the_o commodity_n of_o other_o nation_n which_o be_v of_o good_n in_o their_o commonwealth_n they_o lie_v the_o easy_a imposition_n sometime_o five_o sometime_o seven_o sometime_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o which_o do_v exceed_v the_o high_a imposition_n in_o england_n five_o in_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o least_o in_o the_o low_a country_n the_o imposition_n country_n which_o they_o call_v excize_n pay_v by_o the_o retaylor_n of_o wine_n and_o other_o commodity_n and_o not_o by_o the_o merchant_n be_v the_o high_a in_o christendom_n and_o yet_o we_o perceive_v that_o people_n to_o thrive_v and_o grow_v rich_a withal_o for_o a_o improve_v high_a rent_n do_v so_o quicken_v the_o industry_n of_o the_o farmer_n as_o he_o thrive_v oftentimes_o better_a than_o his_o neighbour_n who_o be_v a_o freeholder_n and_o pay_v no_o rent_n at_o all_o howbeit_o to_o draw_v trade_n and_o to_o invite_v all_o nation_n to_o commerce_n with_o they_o and_o so_o to_o make_v their_o country_n a_o staple_n store_n house_n or_o magazine_n of_o all_o europe_n they_o do_v set_v but_o easy_a rate_n upon_o merchandize_n import_v but_o when_o they_o once_o have_v get_v their_o commodity_n in_o to_o their_o hand_n if_o any_o merchant_n will_v export_v the_o same_o again_o he_o shall_v pay_v a_o great_a custom_n the_o grand_a signior_n of_o turkey_n turkey_n do_v impose_v sometime_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o sometime_o twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o upon_o merchant_n stranger_n who_o trade_n into_o the_o levant_n and_o i_o can_v speak_v of_o his_o other_o exaction_n and_o imposition_n upon_o his_o vassal_n but_o that_o i_o think_v it_o not_o meet_v to_o compare_v that_o region_n tyrant_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n of_o christendom_n i_o may_v remember_v at_o last_o the_o great_a toll_n which_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n denmark_n take_v of_o every_o ship_n that_o pass_v into_o the_o sound_n take_v advantage_n of_o a_o narrow_a straight_o between_o elsmore_n and_o copman_n haven_n whereas_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v the_o undoubted_a lord_n of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n between_o dover_n and_o calais_n may_v take_v the_o like_a toll_n if_o it_o please_v he_o and_o by_o the_o same_o right_n may_v participate_v of_o the_o great_a gain_n of_o fish_v which_o the_o buss_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n do_v make_v yearly_a upon_o the_o coast_n of_o great_a britain_n thus_o we_o see_v by_o this_o comparison_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v lay_v but_o his_o little_a finger_n upon_o his_o subject_n when_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n do_v lay_v theâ—â—_z heavy_a loin_n upon_o their_o people_n whâ—â—â—â—â—the_o reason_n of_o this_o difference_n froâ—â—â—hence_o come_v it_o assure_o not_o from_o a_o different_a power_n or_o prerogative_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v as_o absolute_a a_o monarch_n as_o any_o emperor_n or_o king_n in_o the_o world_n and_o have_v as_o many_o prerogative_n incident_a to_o his_o crown_n whence_o then_o proceed_v it_o to_o what_o profitable_a cause_n may_v we_o ascribe_v it_o certain_o to_o divers_a cause_n profitable_a and_o
principal_o to_o these_o cause_n follow_v first_o our_o king_n of_o england_n have_v always_o go_v before_o and_o beyond_o all_o other_o king_n in_o christendom_n in_o many_o point_n of_o magnificency_n and_o especial_o in_o this_o that_o they_o have_v always_o have_v a_o more_o rich_a and_o royal_a demean_v belong_v to_o the_o crown_n i_o mean_v more_o large_a and_o royal_a patrimony_n in_o land_n and_o rent_n than_o ever_o any_o christian_a king_n have_v before_o or_o now_o have_v at_o this_o day_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o revenue_n of_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n do_v principal_o consist_v in_o such_o gabelle_n imposition_n and_o exaction_n as_o be_v before_o remember_v and_o not_o in_o terr_v a_o firma_fw-la not_o in_o such_o a_o real_a and_o royal_a patrimony_n as_o have_v ever_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o therefoâ—â—_z other_o king_n be_v less_o able_a to_o â—â—â—ntain_v their_o estate_n or_o more_o covetous_a in_o their_o own_o nature_n have_v lay_v heavy_a burden_n upon_o their_o subject_n than_o ever_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v lay_v or_o will_v do_v or_o hereafter_o have_v need_n to_o do_v god_n be_v bless_v for_o it_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v have_v the_o prince_n portion_n speak_v of_o before_o in_o 45_o of_o ezekiel_n 45_o and_o therefore_o they_o have_v no_o need_n so_o to_o oppress_v the_o people_n again_o we_o may_v ascribe_v this_o difference_n to_o the_o bounty_n and_o noble_a nature_n of_o our_o king_n that_o they_o will_v never_o descend_v to_o those_o poor_a and_o sordid_a exaction_n which_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n do_v take_v of_o their_o subject_n sordidum_fw-la putandum_fw-la est_fw-la aurum_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la lachrimis_fw-la oritur_fw-la as_o a_o good_a counsellor_n tell_v vespasian_n again_o we_o may_v ascribe_v it_o to_o the_o wisdom_n and_o policy_n of_o our_o king_n who_o will_v never_o follow_v the_o counsel_n of_o rehoboam_n young_a counsellor_n boni_fw-la pastoris_fw-la est_fw-la oves_fw-la tondere_fw-la non_fw-la diglubere_fw-la as_o tiberius_n the_o emperor_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v odi_fw-la hortulanum_fw-la say_v alexander_n qui_fw-la ab_fw-la radice_fw-la olera_fw-la excindit_fw-la qui_fw-la nimis_fw-la emergit_fw-la elicit_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la say_v solomon_n solomon_n they_o well_o consider_v that_o the_o money_n levy_v by_o tax_n and_o imposition_n be_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o people_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v let_v out_o in_o any_o great_a quantity_n but_o to_o save_v the_o life_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o commonwealth_n when_o she_o be_v sick_a indebt_v and_o in_o great_a danger_n again_o it_o may_v be_v ascribe_v to_o their_o piety_n and_o religion_n which_o move_v they_o to_o follow_v the_o counsel_n of_o the_o divine_a rule_n deut._n 17._o 17_o where_o the_o king_n be_v warn_v not_o to_o multiply_v upon_o he_o much_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o that_o indeed_o there_o do_v seldom_o come_v good_a by_o great_a treasure_n heap_v up_o by_o a_o great_a prince_n for_o it_o do_v but_o nourish_v pride_n and_o ambition_n in_o he_o and_o stir_v he_o up_o many_o time_n to_o make_v a_o unjust_a war_n upon_o his_o neighbour_n or_o if_o he_o leave_v it_o unto_o his_o successer_n it_o make_v they_o luxurious_a and_o vicious_a which_o draw_v with_o it_o sometime_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o kingdom_n sed_fw-la optimus_fw-la et_fw-la certissimus_fw-la thesaurus_fw-la principis_fw-la est_fw-la in_fw-la loculis_fw-la subditorum_fw-la say_v the_o learned_a buterus_n in_o his_o book_n against_o machiavelli_n machiavelli_n let_v the_o king_n say_v he_o have_v a_o care_n to_o maintain_v religion_n and_o justice_n and_o peace_n in_o his_o kingdom_n this_o will_v soon_o bring_v plenty_n with_o a_o continual_a increase_n and_o make_v a_o rich_a and_o wealthy_a people_n then_o shall_v the_o king_n never_o want_v money_n to_o serve_v his_o just_a and_o necessary_a and_o honourable_a occasion_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o sovereign_n shall_v be_v poor_a when_o the_o subject_n be_v rich_a and_o until_o occasion_n do_v arise_v the_o coffer_n of_o his_o subject_n will_v be_v his_o best_a exchequer_n they_o will_v be_v his_o treasure_n they_o will_v be_v his_o receiver_n his_o teller_n without_o fee_n or_o wage_n no_o bad_a accountant_n shall_v deceive_v he_o nor_o no_o bankrupt_a officer_n shall_v deceive_v he_o they_o will_v keep_v the_o treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o frugal_o as_o no_o importunate_a courtier_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o withdraw_v the_o same_o from_o a_o prince_n but_o that_o it_o shall_v still_o remain_v in_o store_n to_o supply_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n last_o our_o king_n of_o england_n in_o their_o wisdom_n well_o understand_v the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o their_o people_n and_o know_v they_o to_o be_v a_o free_a generous_a and_o noble_a nation_n hold_v they_o not_o fit_a to_o be_v beat_v with_o rehoboam_n rod_n esteem_v they_o too_o good_a to_o be_v whip_v with_o scorpion_n and_o therefore_o god_n be_v bless_v we_o have_v not_o in_o england_n the_o gabeller_n stand_v at_o every_o town_n end_n we_o have_v not_o a_o publican_n in_o every_o market_n we_o pay_v not_o a_o gabell_n for_o every_o bunch_n of_o reddish_n or_o branch_n of_o rosemary_n sell_v in_o cheapside_n we_o have_v none_o of_o those_o harpy_n which_o do_v swarm_n in_o other_o country_n we_o have_v no_o complain_v in_o the_o street_n as_o be_v say_v in_o the_o 144._o psalm_n 144_o and_o therefore_o i_o may_v well_o conclude_v with_o the_o conclusion_n of_o that_o psalm_n happy_a be_v the_o people_n that_o be_v in_o such_o a_o case_n bless_a be_v the_o people_n that_o have_v the_o lord_n for_o their_o god_n above_o in_o heaven_n and_o king_n james_n for_o their_o king_n here_o upon_o earth_n finis_fw-la these_o book_n follow_v be_v print_v for_o henry_n twyford_n and_o partner_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n in_o vine-court_n middle_a temple_n the_o complete_a attorney_n or_o the_o practic_a part_n of_o the_o law_n a_o learned_a treatise_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n by_o sir_n james_n ley_n knight_n the_o life_n of_o the_o apostle_n st._n paul_n soliloquy_n meditation_n and_o prayer_n of_o st._n bonaventure_n the_o discontent_a colonel_n by_o sir_n john_n sucklin_n the_o european_a mercury_n the_o humble_a remonstranee_n of_o sir_n john_n stawell_n hebdomada_fw-la magna_fw-la or_o the_o great_a week_n of_o christ_n passion_n sir_n robert_n brooks_n read_v on_o the_o statute_n of_o limitation_n kitchen_n jurisdiction_n of_o court_n leet_n court_v baron_n etc._n etc._n rich._n brownlow_n esq_n prothonotary_n to_o the_o court_n of_o common_a plea_n his_o report_n the_o first_o and_o second_o part._n declaration_n and_o plead_n english_a judicial_a writ_n plowdens_n abridgement_n abridgement_n of_o lord_n cook_n littleton_n abridgement_n of_o pulton_n statute_n at_o large_a by_o edmund_n wingate_n esq_n the_o book_n of_o the_o draw_n up_o of_o all_o manner_n of_o judgement_n the_o body_n of_o law_n by_o edmund_n wingate_n esq_n the_o marrow_n of_o law_n or_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o faithful_a counsellor_n office_n and_o duty_n of_o executor_n in_o 8._o layman_n lawyer_n or_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o practic_a part_n of_o the_o law_n a_o commentary_n on_o the_o original_a writ_n by_o william_n hughes_n esq_n stevenson_n poem_n the_o anabaptist_n anatomize_v in_o a_o dispute_n between_o mr._n crag_n and_o mr._n tomb_n caesar_n commentary_n with_o sir_n clement_n edmund_n observation_n the_o complete_a clerk_n and_o scrivener_n guide_n be_v the_o exact_a form_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o conveyance_n and_o instrument_n now_o in_o use_n as_o they_o be_v pen_v by_o learned_a counsel_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a the_o counesse_fw-fr of_o arundell_n secret_n in_o physic_n and_o surgery_n etc._n etc._n the_o history_n of_o the_o trouble_n of_o swethland_n and_o poland_n justinian_n dict._n and_o stud._n 1.lib.cap.2_a baldus_n baldus_n strabo_n justinian_n halicar._n lib.3_o bracton_n stampford_v prà rogat_fw-la regis_fw-la fol._n 37.6_o 19_o e._n 4.6_o 37_o e._n 6.20_o 11_o h._n 4_o com._n 316_o 7_o e._n 4.19.3_o r._n 3.2_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap.30_n ulpian_n 13_o edw._n 4.9,10_o reg._n fol.135_n f._n n.117_n d._n f._n n.117_n d._n 2_o e._n 3_o regist._n 259_o a._n bodin_n register_n 122_o 6._o 46_o hen._n 3_o rot._n pa._n 3._o e_o i.m._n 19_o in_fw-la archis_fw-la turris_fw-la london_n 3_o edw._n 1_o 27_o e._n 3_o cap._n 2_o cicero_n 13_o e._n 4.9_o lex_fw-la civilis_fw-la cicero_n offic._n li_fw-it 2_o bodin_n de_fw-fr repub._n li.2.cap.8_n bodin_n stephen_n king_n of_o spain_n pope_n eluther_n two_o r._n 2_o chopinn_z rhodian_n the_o canon_n law_n decret._n cause_n 24_o quaest._n 3_o canonist_n poll-money_n st._n paul_n fortescue_n 1h_o 7.fol.23_n 3_o edw._n 1_o pat_o m_o 21_o f.n._n 170_o d._n register_n of_o writ_n fol._n 107_o custom_n and_o toll_n strabo_n 38_o h._n 8_o dyer_n 43._o edw._n 1_o edw._n 2._o edw._n 3_o bates_n case_n de_fw-fr currant_n in_o sccio_n per_fw-la fleming_n chief_a baron_n 3_o edw._n 1._o 3_o edw._n 1_o rot._n fin.memb.24_n statute_n 25_o e._n 1_o dyer_n 29._o 30_o h._n 8.43_o 31_o fd_o 3.60_o 27_o e._n 3_o prizage_n and_o butlerage_n 52_o h._n 3_o 31_o ed._n 1_o gauger_n alneger_n 14_o ed._n 2_o customer_n controller_n searcher_n 25_o e._n 1_o ed._n 2_o 11_o e._n 2_o the_o writ_n to_o his_o collecttor_n of_o his_o custom_n collector_n of_o his_o custom_n raimundus_n lullius_n 1_o ed._n 1_o rot._n fin_n m._n 30_o in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la le_fw-fr record_n 17_o ed_n 3._o rot._n 308_o in_o sccio_n angliae_fw-la etc._o etc._o 12_o ed._n 3_o rot._n almaniae_n pars_fw-la 1._o numb._n 3_o 31_o ed._n 3_o rot._n parl._n numb.24_a 13_o ed._n 1_o 14_o ed._n 3_o staple_n at_o calais_n e._n 3_o r._n 2_o h._n 4_o h._n 5_o dyer_n 165_o 12_o eliz._n 12_o eliz._n letter_n patent_n 28_o july_n 6._o iac._n bodin_n lib._n 6_o de_fw-la repub._n ca._n 2_o caligula_n appian_n cicero_n 12_o ed._n 4.cap.5_n virgil_n plin._n lib.19.cap.4_n tempore_fw-la edw._n 3_o 2_o edw._n 1_o 2_o edw._n 3_o 10_o ed._n 3_o 17_o hen._n 4_o matthew_n paris_n histor._n magna_fw-la p._n 568._o 10_o hen._n 7_o stow_n fitz_n avowry_n 192.6_o rich._n 2_o protection_n 46_o rot._n scotiae_fw-la nu_fw-la 16_o in_o arch_n turris_fw-la gen._n 1_o baldus_n strabo_n stampford_n 19_o ass_n p.6_n 22._o ass_n p_o 93._o 22_o ed._n 4_o 4_o edw._n 3_o 21_o ed._n 3_o 16_o ri._n 2_o 17_o h._n 6_o tempore_fw-la henry_n 8._o the_o k._n of_o spain_n imposition_n in_o an._n 1614_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30_o 46_o ed._n 3_o i_o edw._n 3_o anno_fw-la 40._o elizabeth_n object_n 1_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o 1._o object_n object_n 2_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o 2._o object_n solomon_n henry_n 7._o poeta_fw-la object_n 3_o 3_o edw._n 2_o 5_o edw._n 2._o 13_o ed._n 3_o 14_o ed._n 3_o 12_o ed._n 3_o 18_o ed._n 3_o 22_o ed._n 3_o 13_o ed._n 3_o lord_n latimer_n richard_n lion_n i._n peachy_n 50_o ed._n 3._o rot._n parli_n numb._n 33._o 50_o ed._n 3_o rot._n parl._n num.191_n in_o arch._n turris_n dyer_n 1_o eliz._n fol.165_n the_o answer_n to_o object_n 3_o 5_o edw._n 2_o senatus_fw-la rome_n solomon_n julius_n caesar_n augustus_n caesar_n edw._n 1_o edw._n 3_o nero_n edw._n 2_o rich._n 2_o petition_n be_v of_o divers_a kind_n and_o have_v divers_a answer_n mayletolt_n 3_o king_n cap._n 12_o 14_o ed._n 3.cap.13_n anno_fw-la 29_o ed._n 3_o 6_o edw._n 3_o rot._n parl._n nu.4_n 13_o edw._n 3_o rot._n parl._n numb.5_n 18_o ed_n 3._o rot._n parl._n nu.10.26_n in_o arch._n turris_n 28_o ed._n 3._o rot._n parl._n numb._n 27._o 38_o ed._n 3._o rot._n parl._n numb.26_n 6_o edw._n 3_o rot._n parl._n numb.4_n lionscase_v 50_o ed._n 3_o rot._n parl._n nu.17,18_a lord_n latimer_n case_n peachy_n case_n 1_o eliz._n dyer_n fol.165_n object_n 4_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o forth_o object_n dyer_n 44._o statute_n of_o northampton_n 2_o edw._n 3_o object_n 5_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o 5._o object_n k._n ed._n 4_o julius_n caesar_n imposition_n tiberius_n the_o roman_a emperor_n caligula_n vespasian_n the_o imposition_n of_o france_n the_o spanish_a imposition_n gutturis_fw-la de_fw-la gabellis_fw-la quaest._n 174._o the_o d._n of_o tuscany_n imposition_n the_o imposition_n by_o the_o pope_n sixtus_n quintus_fw-la the_o imposition_n of_o the_o signiory_n of_o venice_n baltholus_n baidus_fw-la the_o imposition_n of_o the_o low_a country_n the_o imposition_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n of_o turkey_n the_o imposition_n of_o denmark_n ezek._n 45_o solomon_n deut._n 17_o buterus_n contra_fw-la machiavelli_n psa._n 144_o