and_o subjection_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o supreme_a head_n and_o governor_n of_o it_o second_o as_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n in_o fee_n of_o the_o k._n and_o so_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v fealty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o he_o a_o fee_n be_v thus_o define_v by_o the_o feudist_n that_o it_o be_v a_o free_a and_o benevolent_a grant_n of_o a_o thing_n immovable_a honestorum_fw-la or_o something_o equipollent_a with_o a_o conveyance_n of_o the_o right_n to_o all_o the_o profit_n of_o it_o the_o propriety_n be_v still_o reserve_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o grant_v make_v upon_o condition_n of_o fidelity_n and_o the_o performance_n of_o honest_a service_n so_n that_o in_o this_o feodal_n contract_v it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o even_o the_o utile_fw-la dominium_fw-la shall_v revert_v unto_o the_o lord_n upon_o breach_n of_o fealty_n the_o vassal_n be_v hereby_o oblige_v in_o point_n of_o interest_n as_o well_o as_o gratitude_n to_o a_o exact_a performance_n of_o it_o and_o consequent_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n be_v vassal_n to_o the_o k._n be_v beside_o the_o common_a duty_n of_o subject_n under_o the_o same_o additional_a obligation_n of_o fidelity_n to_o he_o feud_n 3._o from_o this_o tenure_n of_o land_n in_o fee_n they_o who_o hold_v they_o be_v sometime_o call_v fideles_fw-la and_o sometime_o ligii_fw-la a_o ligando_fw-la and_o the_o bond_n or_o obligation_n they_o be_v under_o fidelitas_fw-la and_o ligeantia_fw-la and_o the_o oath_n they_o take_v to_o perform_v it_o oath_n of_o fealty_n and_o allegiance_n for_o ancient_o ligeance_n be_v not_o appropriate_v to_o the_o sovereign_n only_a but_o it_o denote_v in_o general_a the_o obligation_n of_o a_o vassal_n to_o any_o lord_n whatsoever_o thus_o hotoman_n in_o his_o feudal_n dictionary_n tell_v we_o 7._o that_o liegeman_n be_v but_o another_o word_n for_o a_o vassal_n and_o in_o his_o disp_n he_o spend_v a_o whole_a chapter_n to_o prove_v it_o thus_o du_n fresne_n distinguish_v between_o a_o absolute_a ligeance_n due_a to_o a_o supreme_a lord_n and_o a_o ligeance_n pay_v to_o a_o inferior_a ligium_fw-la with_o exception_n of_o the_o former_a so_o also_o bracton_n glanvil_n and_o fleta_n do_v speak_v of_o ligeance_n as_o due_a to_o any_o capital_a lord_n beside_o the_o king._n 35._o and_o spelman_n in_o his_o exposition_n of_o the_o word_n show_v by_o several_a instance_n 79._o that_o private_a person_n have_v their_o liegeman_n also_o 1._o but_o though_o ligeance_n have_v ancient_o so_o large_a a_o signification_n 16._o yet_o 4._o it_o be_v at_o length_n confine_v to_o denote_v only_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o vassal_n to_o the_o sovereign_a lord_n of_o the_o fee._n hence_o that_o distinction_n in_o the_o feudist_n inter_fw-la feudum_fw-la ligium_fw-la jur_fw-fr &_o non_fw-la ligium_fw-la which_o be_v thus_o explain_v by_o dr._n cowel_n in_o his_o institution_n 2._o viz._n that_o the_o former_a be_v proper_o so_o call_v when_o a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n be_v take_v without_o exception_n of_o any_o one_o and_o the_o late_a when_o it_o be_v swear_v with_o exception_n of_o another_o fealty_n the_o one_o be_v due_a only_a to_o the_o k._n and_o the_o other_o even_o to_o common_a person_n in_o short_a the_o one_o be_v hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o other_o mediate_o under_o a_o inferior_a lord_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o equitable_a that_o in_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n to_o he_o exception_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o the_o king_n who_o be_v the_o original_a proprietor_n and_o sovereign_a lord_n of_o the_o fee._n 5._o two_o considerable_a prerogative_n may_v be_v observe_v from_o the_o lawyer_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o sovereign_a lord_n alone_o first_o that_o whereas_o the_o inferior_a lord_n have_v only_o propter_fw-la rem_fw-la a_o right_n to_o the_o fealty_n of_o his_o vassal_n from_o which_o he_o may_v free_v himself_o by_o surrender_v his_o estate_n the_o sovereign_a lord_n have_v a_o right_a to_o it_o propter_fw-la personam_fw-la also_o and_o consequent_o though_o his_o liegeman_n do_v part_n with_o his_o estate_n yet_o allegiance_n be_v still_o due_a by_o virtue_n of_o that_o inalienable_a jurisdiction_n which_o the_o sovereign_n have_v over_o his_o person_n second_o whereas_o between_o a_o inferior_a lord_n and_o his_o vassal_n there_o be_v such_o a_o a_o strict_a reciprocal_a obligation_n to_o protection_n on_o the_o one_o part_n and_o fidelity_n on_o the_o other_o that_o as_o the_o tenant_n lose_v his_o fee_n upon_o breach_n of_o fidelity_n 26_o so_o likewise_o the_o inferior_a lord_n if_o he_o refuse_v protection_n to_o his_o vassal_n or_o commit_v any_o enormous_a offence_n against_o he_o mol._n do_v forfeit_n to_o the_o sovereign_a lord_n all_o his_o right_n to_o the_o fee._n 1._o yet_o as_o molinaeus_n affirm_v this_o penal_a forseiture_n of_o dominion_n extend_v only_o to_o inferior_a lord_n 3_o the_o sovereign_n be_v exempt_v from_o it_o 17_o for_n though_o the_o liege-sovereign_n be_v bind_v to_o protect_v his_o liegeman_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o provision_n that_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o right_n to_o their_o fealty_n if_o he_o do_v not_o perform_v his_o obligation_n to_o they_o indeed_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o more_o irrational_a than_o to_o imagine_v such_o a_o provision_n when_o fee-land_n be_v original_o owe_v only_o to_o the_o munificence_n of_o king_n and_o even_o before_o that_o new_a obligation_n of_o fealty_n they_o have_v a_o antecedent_n right_a to_o the_o fidelity_n of_o their_o subject_n when_o the_o king_n land_n as_o the_o lawyer_n speak_v be_v hold_v under_o god_n alone_o and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v forfeitable_a to_o any_o when_o the_o k._n himself_o can_v not_o be_v responsible_a for_o any_o injury_n for_o want_n of_o a_o superior_a jurisdiction_n and_o if_o any_o be_v do_v to_o the_o subject_a ultorem_fw-la there_o be_v no_o other_o remedy_n but_o only_o humble_a petition_n that_o the_o k._n will_v correct_v and_o amend_v his_o fact_n which_o if_o he_o refuse_v to_o do_v it_o be_v once_o think_v a_o sufficient_a punishment_n for_o he_o that_o god_n be_v to_o be_v his_o avenger_n this_o i_o have_v here_o observe_v because_o the_o assertor_n of_o the_o republican_n doctrine_n have_v maintain_v that_o king_n may_v forfeit_v their_o crown_n not_o only_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o imaginary_a contract_n which_o they_o suppose_v be_v make_v at_o the_o first_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o government_n but_o also_o from_o that_o contract_n which_o be_v make_v between_o the_o sovereign_n and_o his_o vassal_n and_o which_o they_o suppose_v to_o be_v equay_o on_o both_o side_n conditionate_n 6._o though_o these_o feudal_n law_n be_v now_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n antiquate_v yet_o the_o fealty_n by_o which_o a_o vassal_n be_v bind_v to_o his_o lord_n be_v still_o in_o force_n sir_n henry_n spelman_n say_v fidelitas_fw-la that_o fealty_n in_o england_n be_v inseparable_a from_o all_o tenor_n and_o though_o it_o be_v now_o but_o seldom_o exact_v yet_o it_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v release_v without_o destruction_n of_o the_o tenure_n so_o that_o the_o take_n of_o the_o oath_n seem_v rather_o to_o be_v remit_v than_o the_o obligation_n itself_o to_o be_v dissolve_v and_o much_o more_o do_v the_o obligation_n of_o fealty_n to_o the_o k._n continue_v still_o in_o force-upon_a all_o the_o subject_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o tenor_n from_o he_o the_o same_o great_a antiquary_n affirm_v that_o the_o feudal_n law_n be_v first_o bring_v into_o england_n by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n qui_fw-la lege_fw-la eâ_fw-la è_fw-la normannia_n traductâ_fw-la angliam_fw-la totam_fw-la suis_fw-la divisit_fw-la commilitibus_fw-la and_o this_o universal_a distribution_n of_o the_o english_a land_n among_o his_o soldier_n and_o institution_n of_o fee_n service_n be_v attest_v by_o 6._o mat._n paris_n and_o by_o mr._n possessores_fw-la cambden_n also_o and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v original_o derive_v from_o the_o crown_n be_v still_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o fee_n which_o imply_v fealty_n to_o he_o and_o this_o be_v a_o true_a and_o easy_a account_n of_o those_o assertion_n of_o the_o lawyer_n that_o the_o king_n be_v the_o sovereign_a lord_n 1._o or_o lord_n paramount_n 1._o either_o mediate_a or_o immeate_n of_o every_o parcel_n of_o land_n within_o the_o realm_n cowell_n and_o that_o the_o subject_n have_v not_o a_o direct_a and_o plenary_a dominion_n 2._o but_o only_o a_o fiduciary_n and_o conditionate_n property_n in_o their_o estate_n which_o be_v still_o forfeitable_a by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o upon_o breach_n of_o fealty_n do_v revert_v to_o the_o original_a donor_n which_o law_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o crime_n do_v also_o vary_v the_o forfeiture_n as_o in_o case_n of_o felony_n the_o k._n have_v a_o year_n a_o day_n and_o the_o waste_v after_o which_o it_o pass_v down_o to_o the_o
heir_n but_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n which_o be_v the_o high_a breach_n of_o fealty_n after_o legal_a conviction_n of_o the_o traitor_n the_o fee_n be_v for_o ever_o forfeit_v and_o all_o his_o land_n and_o tenement_n be_v absolute_o at_o the_o king_n disposal_n and_o though_o a_o statute_n be_v make_v 25_o ed._n iii_o to_o determine_v what_o be_v precise_o treason_n yet_o this_o be_v only_o declarative_a of_o what_o be_v true_o treason_n by_o the_o feudal_n law_n which_o be_v then_o a_o part_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o hence_o it_o appear_v how_o necessary_a it_o be_v for_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o fealty_n whence_o the_o subject_n be_v call_v fideles_fw-la &_o ligii_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o from_o which_o all_o our_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o allegiance_n derive_v their_o birth_n and_o original_a 7._o as_o the_o word_n allegiance_n be_v appropriate_v to_o express_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o liege_n vassal_n to_o his_o sovereign_n so_o be_v it_o also_o at_o length_n enlarge_v to_o comprehend_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o fidelity_n and_o subjection_n which_o not_o only_o they_o who_o hold_v land_n in_o fee_n but_o also_o every_o individual_a subject_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v unto_o the_o king._n thus_o zouch_v out_o of_o duarenus_n the_o fidelity_n descrip_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o sovereign_n consuet_n be_v by_o the_o feudist_n call_v ligeance_n and_o as_o many_o as_o live_v within_o his_o dominion_n be_v style_v liege-man_n who_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o sovereign_n not_o only_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o estate_n 2._o but_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o person_n and_o his_o protection_n of_o they_o the_o reason_n then_o why_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v call_v the_o king_n liege-man_n be_v because_o their_o person_n be_v under_o his_o jurisdiction_n and_o protection_n they_o be_v therefore_o bind_v to_o pay_v due_a fealty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o he_o this_o universal_a allegiance_n of_o all_o the_o natural_a subject_n of_o this_o realm_n case_n be_v by_o the_o lord_n coke_n distinguish_v 1._o into_o natural_a ligeance_n which_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v original_o due_a by_o nature_n and_o birthright_n and_o 2._o legal_a ligeance_n so_o call_v because_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n prescribe_v the_o form_n and_o order_n of_o it_o and_o this_o say_v he_o be_v that_o which_o the_o law_n require_v upon_o oath_n at_o the_o leet_n this_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n in_o his_o institutes_n he_o say_v express_o be_v the_o same_o with_o homagium_fw-la ligeum_fw-la which_o he_o thus_o define_v in_o calvin_n case_n quod_fw-la soli_fw-la regi_fw-la debetur_fw-la sine_fw-la servitio_fw-la and_o oppose_v it_o to_o homagium_fw-la feudale_n homagium_fw-la which_o have_v its_o original_n by_o tenure_n and_o to_o this_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n seem_v to_o agree_v who_o tell_v we_o that_o liege_n or_o sovereign_a homage_n be_v due_a only_a to_o the_o king_n in_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o they_o both_o differ_v herein_o from_o the_o feudist_n who_o define_v homage_n to_o be_v sponsionem_fw-la fidelitatis_fw-la propter_fw-la tenuram_fw-la 3._o and_o from_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n who_o do_v intimate_v that_o liege_n homage_n be_v make_v unto_o private_a person_n also_o 8._o the_o word_n ligeance_n be_v yet_o further_o in_o our_o law_n and_o lawyer_n enlarge_v to_o denote_v the_o duty_n not_o of_o natural_a subject_n only_o but_o also_o of_o denizen_n and_o alien_n thus_o we_o be_v inform_v likewise_o in_o calvin_n case_n that_o beside_o natural_a ligeance_n there_o be_v also_o ligeantia_fw-la acquisita_fw-la which_o be_v due_a by_o acquisition_n or_o denization_n and_o ligeantia_fw-la localis_fw-la and_o that_o be_v when_o a_o alien_a who_o be_v in_o amity_n come_v into_o england_n because_o he_o be_v then_o within_o the_o king_n protection_n he_o do_v therefore_o owe_v a_o local_a allegiance_n to_o he_o 9_o last_o allegiance_n be_v sometime_o take_v in_o a_o signification_n yet_o more_o general_a and_o extensive_a to_o express_v the_o mutual_a and_o reciprocal_a obligation_n between_o the_o liege_n sovereign_a and_o his_o subject_n whereby_o the_o sovereign_n be_v bind_v to_o the_o protection_n and_o just_a government_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o they_o again_o to_o pay_v due_a fidelity_n and_o subjection_n to_o their_o sovereign_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v define_v in_o general_a by_o skene_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr expositione_n verborum_fw-la case_n who_o be_v herein_o follow_v by_o the_o lord_n coke_n ligeantia_fw-la and_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n also_o it_o appear_v then_o in_o how_o great_a a_o latitude_n the_o word_n allegiance_n be_v take_v and_o how_o various_o it_o have_v be_v apply_v to_o express_v different_a obligation_n to_o different_a person_n the_o various_a signification_n of_o it_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v observe_v may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o six_o first_o it_o ancient_o denote_v the_o service_n and_o fidelity_n that_o any_o vassal_n owe_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee._n second_o it_o be_v confine_v to_o express_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o liege_n vassal_n to_o the_o sovereign_a lord_n three_o it_o be_v then_o enlarge_v to_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a duty_n of_o every_o natural_a subject_n to_o his_o natural_a sovereign_n four_o it_o sometime_o signify_v that_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n which_o the_o law_n require_v of_o every_o subject_a and_o be_v therefore_o call_v legal_a ligeance_n five_o it_o be_v say_v to_o express_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o foreigner_n as_o of_o a_o denizen_n and_o of_o a_o alien_n while_o he_o be_v in_o the_o realm_n and_o last_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o express_v the_o reciprocal_a obligation_n that_o be_v between_o a_o liege_n sovereign_n and_o his_o subject_n as_o for_o this_o last_o signification_n of_o allegiance_n 5._o we_o have_v already_o consider_v it_o where_o we_o discourse_v of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o sovereign_a lord_n for_o here_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n as_o it_o relate_v to_o subject_n only_o and_o there_o will_v be_v nothing_o more_o absurd_a than_o to_o say_v that_o when_o subject_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o their_o king_n they_o do_v swear_v that_o he_o also_o shall_v discharge_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o liege_n sovereign_n towards_o they_o so_o likewise_o when_o allegiance_n be_v apply_v to_o alien_n the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n do_v show_v that_o it_o must_v signify_v only_o those_o branch_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n which_o a_o alien_n be_v bind_v to_o while_o he_o be_v in_o england_n viz._n conformity_n to_o the_o law_n and_o a_o obligation_n not_o to_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o king_n while_o he_o be_v within_o his_o protection_n so_o also_o when_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o denizen_n who_o be_v make_v free_a of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o not_o entitle_v to_o all_o the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o a_o natural_a subject_n it_o can_v then_o signify_v only_o those_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n which_o a_o denizen_n be_v oblige_v to_o whatsoever_o they_o be_v for_o as_o the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n be_v diversify_v by_o the_o different_a quality_n of_o natural_a subject_n and_o a_o clerk_n a_o soldier_n and_o artificer_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o the_o same_o particular_a act_n of_o allegiance_n so_o likewise_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o allegiance_n must_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o subjection_n and_o therefore_o a_o natural_a subject_n who_o enjoy_v all_o the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o owe_v the_o high_a degree_n of_o subjection_n must_v be_v in_o reason_n oblige_v to_o a_o high_a degree_n of_o allegiance_n than_o a_o denizen_n who_o though_o he_o be_v to_o some_o intent_n incorporate_v into_o this_o kingdom_n be_v yet_o the_o natural_a subject_n of_o another_o sovereign_n and_o he_o again_o be_v oblige_v to_o more_o than_o a_o alien_n who_o be_v only_o a_o subject_a in_o transitu_fw-la and_o enjoy_v nothing_o but_o protection_n from_o injury_n but_o we_o have_v now_o nothing_o to_o do_v with_o allegiance_n as_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o foreigner_n allegiance_n in_o the_o oath_n before_o we_o be_v require_v and_o impose_v upon_o all_o the_o natural_a subject_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v that_o which_o be_v due_a from_o natural_a subject_n and_o not_o such_o as_o be_v due_a from_o foreigner_n we_o be_v bind_v to_o honour_n god_n and_o the_o king_n and_o subordinate_a magistrate_n our_o spiritual_a ruler_n our_o parent_n all_o our_o superior_n and_o in_o some_o sense_n all_o our_o inferior_n honour_n be_v due_a to_o all_o these_o but_o in_o different_a kind_n and_o degree_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o duty_n as_o it_o be_v apply_v by_o different_a person_n to_o different_a object_n now_o
thus_o i_o become_v your_o man_n from_o this_o day_n forward_o of_o life_n and_o limb_n and_o unto_o you_o shall_v be_v true_a and_o faithful_a and_o bear_v you_o faith_n for_o the_o tenement_n that_o i_o claim_v to_o hold_v of_o you_o save_v the_o faith_n which_o i_o owe_v unto_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king._n the_o lord_n coke_n in_o his_o institutes_n give_v we_o this_o exposition_n of_o it_o 1._o foial_a and_o loâ—al_a which_o be_v word_n equivalent_a to_o faithful_a and_o true_a allegiance_n in_o the_o oath_n before_o we_o these_o word_n be_v of_o great_a extent_n for_o they_o extend_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o lord_n counsel_n in_o whatsoever_o be_v honest_a and_o profitable_a omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la debet_fw-la fidem_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la de_fw-la vitâ_fw-la &_o membris_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o terrenô_o honorê_n &_o observatione_fw-la consilii_fw-la svi_fw-la per_fw-la honestum_fw-la &_o utile_fw-la comprehend_v in_o these_o word_n foial_a and_o loyal_a i_o become_v your_o man_n of_o life_n and_o limb._n therefore_o he_o must_v never_o be_v arm_v against_o or_o opposite_a to_o his_o lord_n but_o both_o his_o life_n and_o member_n must_v be_v ready_a for_o the_o lawful_a defence_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o this_o be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v that_o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n as_o it_o be_v receive_v in_o england_n every_o vassal_n be_v oblige_v to_o a_o active_a fidelity_n and_o assistance_n of_o his_o lord_n where_o fore_n 2._o if_o this_o be_v the_o obligation_n of_o every_o vassal_n to_o his_o lord_n be_v it_o possible_a for_o man_n of_o sense_n to_o imagine_v that_o a_o low_a degree_n of_o fidelity_n be_v due_a to_o a_o sovereign_a lord_n who_o have_v a_o double_a right_n to_o the_o service_n of_o his_o vassal_n a_o property_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o a_o jurisdiction_n over_o their_o person_n have_v the_o law_n ordain_v that_o the_o servant_n shall_v be_v above_o his_o master_n and_o the_o subject_a above_o his_o sovereign_n have_v it_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o a_o inferior_a lord_n and_o leave_v the_o sovereign_n defenceless_a give_v the_o one_o a_o right_a to_o the_o utmost_a service_n of_o his_o vassal_n and_o oblige_v the_o other_o to_o be_v content_a with_o a_o peaceable_a indifferency_n and_o a_o cold_a neutrality_n or_o last_o can_v it_o be_v suppose_v that_o sovereign_a prince_n who_o enact_v or_o introduce_v these_o law_n do_v intend_v that_o their_o own_o subject_n shall_v have_v such_o a_o superiority_n above_o themselves_o in_o the_o fidelity_n of_o their_o vassal_n this_o sure_o must_v be_v necessary_o false_a as_o it_o be_v plain_o irrational_a and_o to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v so_o it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o observe_v 1._o that_o in_o the_o homage_n and_o oath_n of_o fealty_n make_v by_o vassal_n to_o inferior_a lord_n the_o sovereign_a lord_n be_v express_o except_v spelman_n ligii_fw-la and_o other_o tell_v we_o that_o frederick_n barbarossa_n make_v a_o law_n that_o the_o emperor_n shall_v be_v express_o except_v in_o all_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o that_o this_o law_n be_v universal_o receive_v in_o all_o nation_n and_o that_o it_o be_v here_o observe_v in_o england_n be_v evident_a from_o the_o form_n of_o homage_n here_o insert_v 207._o and_o the_o ancient_a oath_n of_o fealty_n in_o fleta_n but_o also_o 2._o by_o the_o same_o feudal_n law_n the_o liege_n vassal_n of_o the_o sovereign_n be_v express_o oblige_v to_o assist_v and_o defend_v he_o against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o without_o any_o exception_n this_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o very_a definition_n of_o liege_n homage_n in_o skene_n exp._n and_o of_o a_o liege_n tenure_n in_o the_o feudist_n lige_n and_o from_o the_o common_a form_n of_o liege_n homage_n here_o in_o england_n which_o be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n in_o these_o word_n feud_n i_o become_v your_o man_n for_o the_o fee_n and_o tenement_n which_o i_o hold_v of_o you_o and_o will_v bear_v you_o faith_n of_o your_o lise_n and_o limb_n your_o body_n ibid._n chattel_n and_o terrene_a honour_n against_o all_o mortal_n whatsoever_o as_o for_o those_o who_o hold_v in_o feudo-ligio_a that_o be_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o they_o be_v bind_v for_o their_o fee_n to_o assist_v the_o king_n in_o his_o war_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o certain_a that_o vassal_n of_o inferior_a lord_n who_o hold_v but_o mediate_o of_o the_o crown_n be_v also_o bind_v to_o the_o same_o assistance_n of_o their_o sovereign_n to_o this_o purpose_n a_o passage_n out_o of_o willelmus_fw-la nubrigensis_n 1._o be_v cite_v by_o du-fresne_a regi_fw-la anglorum_fw-la tanquam_fw-la principali_fw-la domino_fw-la hominium_fw-la cum_fw-la ligeantia_fw-la i._n e._n solenni_fw-la cautione_n standi_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la eo_fw-la contra_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la so_o glanvile_n inform_v we_o that_o a_o vassal_n at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v bind_v to_o fight_v against_o his_o own_o immediate_a lord_n and_o last_o that_o statute_n of_o the_o conqueror_n do_v express_o prove_v it_o col._n wherein_o he_o command_v all_o earl_n 58._o baron_n knight_n guliel_n sergeant_n and_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o be_v always_o well_o provide_v with_o horse_n and_o arm_n to_o serve_v he_o as_o often_o as_o need_v shall_v require_v according_a as_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o their_o land_n and_o tenement_n and_o as_o he_o have_v appoint_v they_o to_o do_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o that_o consideration_n have_v give_v they_o land_n in_o fee_n for_o ever_o hitherto_o therefore_o it_o appear_v that_o ligeance_n in_o its_o original_a signification_n imply_v a_o obligation_n to_o assist_v the_o sovereign_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n without_o exception_n and_o since_o all_o our_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n be_v manifest_o derive_v from_o the_o feudal_n oath_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o ligeance_n universal_o require_v of_o all_o the_o subject_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o the_o feudal_n to_o which_o it_o owe_v its_o original_n and_o this_o universal_a allegiance_n i_o shall_v first_o consider_v in_o general_n and_o endeavour_v to_o show_v the_o obligation_n of_o it_o out_o of_o our_o law_n and_o lawyer_n second_o i_o shall_v consider_v it_o as_o it_o be_v style_v legal_a and_o three_o natural_a allegiance_n 1._o i_o be_o to_o consider_v the_o obligation_n of_o universal_a allegiance_n in_o general_n hotoman_n observe_v ver_fw-la that_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o fidelity_n v._n the_o one_o perform_v by_o vassal_n fidelitas_fw-la and_o the_o other_o by_o citizen_n or_o subject_n and_o for_o this_o he_o cite_v a_o law_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n to_o this_o effect_n let_v our_o vassal_n swear_v fealty_n to_o we_o 24._o as_o vassal_n and_o all_o other_o as_o citizen_n from_o sixteen_o year_n to_o seventy_o and_o in_o his_o disputation_n he_o prove_v from_o several_a form_n of_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n exact_v by_o several_a prince_n of_o all_o their_o subject_n that_o they_o do_v oblige_v to_o the_o same_o duty_n with_o those_o require_v of_o vassal_n and_o the_o form_n he_o there_o produce_v do_v particular_o oblige_v to_o a_o active_a fidelity_n and_o assistance_n of_o the_o sovereign_n against_o all_o man_n live_v agreeable_o in_o this_o kingdom_n as_o all_o the_o subject_n be_v therefore_o call_v liegeman_n beccause_n they_o be_v bind_v unto_o their_o king_n as_o vassal_n to_o their_o lord_n so_o the_o oath_n they_o be_v require_v to_o take_v and_o the_o allegiance_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o pay_v unto_o the_o king_n be_v the_o same_o in_o substance_n with_o the_o feudal_n oath_n and_o obligation_n of_o a_o vassal_n to_o his_o liege_n lord_n and_o sovereign_n the_o late_a interpreter_n of_o the_o law-term_n tell_v we_o manly_n that_o ligeancy_n be_v most_o common_o use_v for_o that_o duty_n which_o every_o good_a subject_n owe_v to_o his_o liege_n lord_n the_o king._n and_o say_v after_o cowel_n that_o it_o be_v thus_o define_v in_o the_o great_a customary_a of_o normandy_n confovere_fw-la that_o it_o be_v a_o obligation_n upon_o all_o vassal_n to_o take_v part_n with_o their_o liege_n lord_n against_o all_o man_n live_v to_o serve_v he_o with_o their_o person_n assistance_n and_o advice_n to_o do_v he_o no_o injury_n nor_o in_o any_o thing_n to_o support_v his_o adversary_n against_o he_o so_o that_o hence_o it_o be_v obvious_a that_o this_o interpreter_n take_v the_o allegiance_n of_o a_o vassal_n and_o every_o good_a subject_a to_o be_v exact_o the_o same_o and_o think_v this_o to_o be_v a_o good_a definition_n of_o it_o which_o be_v as_o absolute_o inconsistent_a with_o a_o pure_a neutrality_n or_o a_o reservation_n of_o a_o high_a degree_n of_o allegiance_n to_o another_o as_o word_n can_v express_v the_o same_o learned_a interpreter_n have_v yet_o add_v out_o of_o the_o lord_n coke_n another_o
a_o discourse_n concern_v the_o signification_n of_o allegiance_n as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n qui_fw-la perjurii_fw-la immunis_fw-la esse_fw-la cupit_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o who_o desire_v to_o preserve_v himself_o from_o perjury_n ought_v diligent_o to_o weigh_v every_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n which_o he_o be_v to_o take_v and_o the_o sense_n and_o force_n of_o they_o that_o if_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v keep_v it_o may_v not_o be_v take_v if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o be_v take_v it_o may_v be_v keep_v without_o fraud_n and_o dissimulation_n sand._n de_fw-fr juram_fw-la oblige_v prael_n 6._o sect._n 7._o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n be_v these_o 1_o a._n b._n do_v sincere_o promise_v and_o swear_v that_o i_o will_v be_v faithful_a and_o bear_v true_a allegiance_n to_o their_o majesty_n king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n so_o help_v i_o god._n in_o this_o compendious_a form_n of_o swear_v it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v great_a ambiguity_n which_o lie_v principal_o in_o the_o doubtful_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n faithful_n and_o true_a allegiance_n which_o may_v import_v either_o 1._o that_o kind_n of_o fidelity_n and_o obedience_n which_o captive_n may_v promise_v to_o their_o conqueror_n or_o oppress_v subject_n to_o usurper_n and_o oblige_v they_o only_o to_o a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a submission_n while_o they_o be_v under_o their_o power_n and_o do_v not_o debar_v they_o from_o assist_v their_o lawful_a sovereign_n in_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o crown_n or_o 2._o all_o that_o fidelity_n and_o allegiance_n which_o be_v former_o swear_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n whereby_o their_o subject_n be_v oblige_v to_o defend_v their_o crown_n and_o dignity_n against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o not_o reserve_v any_o branch_n of_o their_o allegiance_n as_o due_a to_o any_o other_o it_o be_v upon_o this_o distinction_n that_o two_o different_a interpretation_n of_o the_o oath_n be_v ground_v and_o the_o high_a construction_n be_v this_o ay_o a._n b._n be_o sincere_o resolve_v to_o adhere_v faithful_o to_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n to_o perform_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n and_o subjection_n unto_o they_o alone_o and_o to_o defend_v their_o crown_n and_o dignity_n with_o my_o life_n and_o fortune_n to_o the_o uttermost_a of_o my_o power_n against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o and_o the_o low_a construction_n be_v to_o this_o effect_n whereas_o w._n and_o m._n be_v actual_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o regal_a power_n so_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v in_o the_o full_a possession_n of_o it_o i_o do_v swear_v that_o i_o will_v pay_v they_o that_o obedience_n and_o submission_n which_o may_v be_v lawful_o pay_v to_o a_o actual_a sovereign_n not_o engage_v hereby_o to_o uphold_v they_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o throne_n against_o the_o k._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la nor_o debar_v myself_o from_o exert_v my_o swear_a allegiance_n to_o he_o upon_o any_o emergent_a opportunity_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o right_n i_o be_o not_o certain_a that_o this_o last_o clause_n of_o assist_v the_o k._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la be_v the_o sense_n of_o they_o who_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n with_o a_o declaration_n of_o live_v peaceable_o under_o the_o present_a government_n yet_o there_o be_v this_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v because_o if_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v infer_v from_o a_o explanatory_a declaration_n more_o ambiguous_a and_o obscure_a than_o the_o oath_n explain_v we_o may_v reasonable_o infer_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o declarer_n think_v the_o oath_n in_o the_o high_a sense_n unlawful_a because_o direct_o contradictory_n to_o their_o former_a obligation_n to_o k._n j._n but_o if_o those_o be_v still_o in_o force_n than_o they_o be_v still_o oblige_v to_o a_o actual_a assistance_n of_o he_o and_o then_o their_o declaration_n must_v be_v understand_v in_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o shall_v not_o exclude_v it_o in_o short_a if_o their_o former_a oath_n be_v obligatory_a than_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v k._n j._n if_o it_o be_v not_o than_o the_o present_a possessor_n be_v undoubted_o our_o lawful_a sovereign_n and_o we_o be_v consequent_o oblige_v to_o pray_v that_o they_o may_v have_v victory_n over_o all_o their_o enemy_n and_o if_o this_o be_v our_o duty_n it_o be_v a_o manifest_a sin_n not_o to_o contribute_v our_o actual_a assistance_n in_o our_o respective_a station_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o it_o wherefore_o choose_v they_o which_o they_o will_v either_o that_o their_o former_a oath_n be_v obligatory_a or_o not_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o of_o the_o king_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o assist_v and_o therefore_o they_o can_v be_v presume_v to_o bind_v themselves_o by_o oath_n to_o a_o sinful_a neutrality_n which_o be_v plain_o contradictory_n to_o their_o former_a oath_n and_o if_o that_o be_v extinguish_v to_o their_o manifest_a duty_n to_o the_o present_a possessor_n but_o nevertheless_o because_o what_o seem_v so_o improbable_a may_v yet_o be_v possible_o true_a that_o they_o intend_v to_o bind_v themselves_o only_o to_o a_o exact_a neutrality_n it_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n that_o the_o true_a notion_n of_o allegiance_n be_v absolute_o inconsistent_a with_o it_o to_o return_v therefore_o to_o the_o two_o former_a interpretation_n of_o the_o oath_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o be_v contradictory_n to_o each_o other_o by_o the_o former_a we_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v all_o our_o allegiance_n to_o w._n and_o m._n by_o the_o latter_a not_o all_o but_o a_o allegiance_n qualify_v and_o limit_v in_o the_o one_o to_o uphold_v they_o to_o the_o uttermost_a of_o our_o power_n in_o their_o crown_n and_o dignity_n in_o the_o other_o we_o profess_v we_o will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v it_o in_o the_o one_o we_o engage_v to_o defend_v they_o against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o and_o in_o the_o other_o a_o power_n be_v reserve_v to_o assist_v k._n j._n against_o they_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o that_o take_v the_o oath_n in_o a_o middle_a sense_n of_o neutrality_n it_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o very_a term_n of_o neutrality_n that_o it_o be_v plain_o contradictory_n to_o the_o first_o construction_n also_o these_o several_a interpretation_n therefore_o be_v contradictory_n to_o each_o other_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o swearer_n can_v be_v oblige_v unto_o more_o than_o one_o nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o imposor_n intend_v either_o to_o oblige_v we_o to_o contradictory_n and_o impossible_a duty_n or_o to_o leave_v we_o at_o liberty_n to_o choose_v in_o which_o of_o those_o contradictory_n sense_n we_o will_v be_v oblige_v for_o this_o oath_n be_v exact_v by_o a_o law_n and_o a_o law_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o declare_a will_n of_o the_o legislator_n now_o if_o a_o law_n shall_v be_v so_o frame_v on_o purpose_n by_o the_o legislator_n as_o to_o be_v fair_o capable_a of_o two_o contradictory_n construction_n and_o to_o leave_v the_o subject_a to_o his_o choice_n in_o which_o he_o will_v obey_v it_o it_o be_v manifest_o no_o law_n at_o all_o because_o it_o do_v not_o contain_v the_o determinate_a declare_a will_n of_o the_o legislator_n and_o the_o subject_a be_v allow_v to_o take_v either_o part_n of_o the_o contradiction_n be_v not_o determine_v as_o by_o a_o law_n he_o always_o be_v to_o any_o act_n of_o obedience_n and_o if_o this_o be_v true_a in_o all_o law_n much_o more_o will_v it_o hold_v in_o those_o by_o which_o promissory_a oath_n be_v establish_v for_o a_o promise_n equal_o capable_a of_o contradictory_n sense_n be_v indeed_o no_o promise_n and_o it_o be_v nor_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o our_o legislator_n intend_v to_o frame_v a_o promissory_a oath_n that_o shall_v contain_v no_o promise_n at_o all_o and_o to_o make_v a_o law_n for_o the_o most_o solemn_a mockery_n of_o god_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v it_o be_v therefore_o presume_v that_o the_o imposer_n of_o this_o oath_n intend_v to_o oblige_v we_o to_o one_o determinate_a meaning_n of_o it_o and_o that_o those_o word_n by_o which_o they_o choose_v to_o declare_v their_o intention_n can_v be_v reasonable_o so_o interpret_v as_o to_o declare_v the_o quite_o contrary_a also_o and_o then_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o one_o of_o these_o construction_n be_v both_o intend_a and_o sufficient_o express_v in_o the_o oath_n and_o that_o no_o doubt_n be_v the_o sense_n in_o which_o we_o be_v oblige_v both_o to_o take_v and_o keep_v it_o we_o be_v therefore_o now_o to_o inquire_v whether_o of_o these_o construction_n be_v the_o intend_a and_o declare_v meaning_n of_o the_o imposer_n and_o here_o there_o appear_v at_o first_o view_v a_o invincible_a prejudice_n against_o the_o low_a construction_n of_o the_o oath_n viz._n that_o this_o oath_n be_v undeniable_o intend_v for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o
present_a possessor_n against_o the_o dispossess_v if_o that_o construction_n be_v admit_v though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o well_o observe_v it_o can_v be_v no_o security_n at_o all_o unto_o they_o if_o it_o be_v not_o intend_v for_o their_o security_n it_o be_v a_o vain_a and_o insignificant_a oath_n but_o if_o it_o be_v intend_v for_o any_o thing_n it_o be_v certain_o design_v to_o secure_v they_o from_o the_o great_a i_o may_v say_v the_o only_a danger_n they_o be_v in_o and_o that_o be_v from_o the_o attempt_n of_o k._n j._n but_o after_o all_o if_o we_o affix_v this_o sense_n upon_o the_o oath_n that_o great_a and_o wise_a security_n amount_v only_o to_o this_o that_o we_o will_v submit_v to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o present_a possessor_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v no_o help_n but_o a_o halter_n for_o it_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o become_v safe_a and_o prudent_a to_o attempt_v it_o we_o will_v then_o with_o all_o our_o might_n endeavour_v to_o dethrone_v they_o and_o restore_v the_o lawful_a king_n to_o his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n in_o short_a that_o we_o will_v â—â—t_n attempt_v to_o destroy_v k._n w._n till_o we_o have_v 〈…〉_z babble_n hope_n to_o effect_v it_o and_o can_v it_o be_v imagine_v 〈◊〉_d so_o great_a and_o wise_a a_o body_n as_o be_v the_o parliament_n of_o england_n shall_v after_o great_a labour_n and_o struggle_v in_o its_o birth_n produce_v a_o thing_n so_o judicrous_a will_n k._n w_n will_v any_o k._n upon_o earth_n be_v content_a with_o such_o security_n as_o this_o will_v he_o not_o rather_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o open_a declaration_n of_o rebellion_n against_o he_o be_v this_o to_o swear_v true_a faith_n and_o allegiance_n to_o he_o namely_o to_o submit_v till_o we_o can_v prudent_o rebel_v against_o he_o be_v there_o ever_o any_o such_o oath_n exact_v from_o subject_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o government_n in_o short_a if_o this_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o oath_n as_o none_o but_o mad_a man_n will_v have_v enact_v it_o so_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v propose_v to_o madman_n only_o to_o take_v it_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a none_o else_o will_v contrive_v or_o execute_v any_o attempt_n against_o he_o without_o hope_n of_o success_n and_o yet_o this_o must_v be_v the_o sense_n of_o those_o who_o take_v it_o with_o a_o reserve_n of_o their_o old_a allegiance_n to_o k._n j._n for_o by_o that_o allegiance_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v he_o in_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o crown_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n whensoever_o their_o assistance_n may_v be_v useful_a and_o serviceable_a to_o his_o cause_n but_o to_o swear_v allegiance_n in_o this_o sense_n be_v plain_o to_o swear_v nothing_o at_o all_o it_o be_v only_o the_o phantom_n of_o a_o allegiance_n and_o will_v not_o only_o deceive_v but_o destroy_v they_o that_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v secure_v by_o it_o here_o therefore_o i_o may_v appeal_v to_o the_o common_a sense_n of_o all_o man_n whether_o that_o can_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o oath_n which_o do_v direct_o contradict_v the_o whole_a end_n and_o intention_n of_o it_o and_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o a_o thing_n incredible_a that_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o shall_v enact_v a_o oath_n to_o secure_v the_o present_a government_n and_o in_o the_o same_o oath_n allow_v the_o taker_n leave_v to_o attempt_v the_o destruction_n of_o it_o and_o whether_o last_o i_o have_v not_o reason_n to_o affirm_v that_o this_o be_v a_o invincible_a prejudice_n against_o that_o construction_n and_o may_v not_o now_o have_v leave_v to_o add_v that_o it_o be_v a_o plain_a demonstration_n against_o it_o and_o the_o same_o reason_a will_n in_o some_o measure_n hold_v against_o a_o neutrality_n also_o because_o that_o also_o do_v defeat_v the_o provision_n intend_v in_o this_o oath_n for_o the_o security_n of_o k._n w._n the_o only_a difference_n be_v that_o the_o former_a construction_n do_v permit_v the_o swearer_n to_o be_v still_o enemy_n to_o the_o government_n but_o this_o leave_v it_o without_o any_o friend_n to_o support_v it_o the_o one_o do_v in_o effect_n arm_v the_o subject_n to_o destroy_v it_o and_o the_o other_o leave_v it_o naked_a and_o defenceless_a to_o be_v destroy_v by_o they_o both_o be_v high_o pernicious_a to_o the_o present_a governor_n and_o absolute_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o prime_n and_o immediate_a intention_n of_o the_o oath_n to_o secure_v they_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o a_o peaceable_a neutrality_n be_v it_o swear_v and_o observe_v by_o all_o the_o subject_n will_v infallible_o secure_v the_o possessor_n against_o all_o attempt_n to_o dethrone_v they_o and_o that_o however_o if_o such_o attempt_n be_v make_v since_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o subject_n do_v think_v themselves_o oblige_v by_o the_o oath_n to_o a_o active_a assissistance_n the_o possessor_n will_v be_v effectual_o secure_v by_o it_o but_o 1._o the_o imposer_n know_v well_o enough_o that_o there_o be_v great_a number_n that_o will_v neither_o swear_v nor_o observe_v a_o neutrality_n but_o will_v actual_o assist_v the_o dispossess_v k._n against_o they_o and_o that_o therefore_o in_o such_o a_o dangerous_a conjuncture_n a_o bare_a neutrality_n of_o all_o the_o subject_n can_v be_v no_o tolerable_a security_n against_o they_o and_o 2._o if_o they_o intend_v to_o oblige_v the_o subject_a only_o to_o a_o exact_a neutrality_n it_o be_v a_o gross_a prevarication_n so_o to_o frame_v the_o oath_n on_o purpose_n that_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o most_o man_n it_o may_v import_v a_o obligation_n contradictory_n to_o it_o and_o beside_o if_o that_o alone_o be_v the_o precise_a intention_n of_o the_o imposer_n than_o the_o government_n will_v be_v secure_v not_o by_o the_o oath_n itself_o but_o by_o a_o false_a construction_n of_o it_o wherefore_o this_o single_a consideration_n of_o the_o chief_a end_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o oath_n do_v clear_o evince_v the_o first_o and_o high_a construction_n to_o be_v the_o true_a meaning_n of_o it_o and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o i_o will_v further_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v by_o all_o the_o medium_n by_o which_o the_o meaning_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v prove_v and_o those_o be_v only_o these_o two_o the_o word_n which_o the_o imposer_n have_v make_v choice_n of_o to_o declare_v their_o meaning_n and_o their_o intention_n otherwise_o sufficient_o express_v by_o circumstance_n and_o other_o action_n which_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o comment_n upon_o the_o oath_n and_o may_v ascertain_v we_o of_o the_o meaning_n of_o it_o and_o 1._o i_o consider_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n faithful_a and_o true_a allegiance_n which_o contain_v all_o the_o promissory_a part_n of_o the_o oath_n and_o have_v occasion_v all_o the_o different_a construction_n of_o it_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o word_n general_o speak_v have_v their_o signification_n only_o from_o the_o institution_n of_o man_n and_o those_o that_o be_v vulgar_o use_v and_o understand_v in_o any_o language_n from_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o language_n and_o those_o that_o be_v understand_v only_o by_o a_o few_o such_o as_o be_v call_v term_n of_o art_n from_o the_o professor_n of_o the_o several_a art_n and_o science_n the_o word_n faithful_a and_o true_a allegiance_n may_v be_v consider_v in_o both_o respect_n as_o they_o be_v vulgar_o take_v and_o understand_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n and_o as_o they_o be_v law-term_n which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o lawyer_n and_o first_o i_o will_v consider_v what_o be_v the_o signification_n of_o those_o word_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o lawyer_n 1._o i_o observe_v that_o the_o lord_n coke_n in_o calvin_n case_n do_v affirm_v that_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n have_v only_o one_o signification_n and_o there_o he_o produce_v several_a instance_n to_o show_v that_o esse_fw-la ad_fw-la fidem_fw-la regis_fw-la signify_v only_o to_o be_v in_o the_o ligeance_n of_o the_o king_n according_o the_o same_o oath_n be_v sometime_o call_v oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o sometime_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n without_o any_o distinction_n and_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n define_v fidelity_n to_o be_v fidei_fw-la obsequii_fw-la &_o servitii_fw-la ligamen_fw-la which_o be_v neither_o more_o nor_o less_o than_o allegiance_n so_o that_o even_o in_o this_o short_a oath_n there_o be_v still_o a_o word_n too_o much_o since_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n do_v signify_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o express_v the_o same_o duty_n of_o subjection_n 2._o the_o subject_n of_o england_n may_v in_o two_o respect_n be_v style_v fideles_fw-la regis_fw-la first_o as_o they_o be_v member_n of_o the_o body_n politic_a fideles_fw-la and_o be_v therefore_o oblige_v to_o pay_v the_o k._n that_o fidelity_n
be_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n reciprocal_o bind_v to_o defend_v the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o sovereign_n it_o may_v be_v understand_v likewise_o from_o the_o feudal_n law_n whereby_o the_o vassal_n be_v oblige_v to_o a_o military_a defence_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o from_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n also_o which_o oblige_v all_o the_o subject_n that_o be_v capable_a to_o take_v up_o arm_n for_o the_o king_n when_o need_n shall_v require_v this_o therefore_o be_v the_o defence_n to_o which_o capable_a person_n be_v swear_v in_o that_o abrogate_a oath_n and_o other_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v he_o that_o assistance_n which_o they_o be_v able_a everyone_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n in_o his_o respective_a capacity_n as_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o oath_n do_v require_v thus_o have_v i_o give_v a_o brief_a account_n of_o the_o several_a form_n of_o swear_a allegiance_n which_o have_v be_v successive_o require_v of_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o upon_o the_o whole_a i_o think_v it_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o the_o law_n have_v be_v always_o uniform_a and_o constant_a in_o oblige_v the_o subject_n to_o a_o allegiance_n that_o require_v not_o a_o peaceable_a subjection_n only_o but_o also_o a_o actual_a assistance_n of_o our_o sovereign_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n against_o all_o person_n and_o all_o attempt_n whatsoever_o without_o any_o exception_n and_o this_o be_v last_o include_v in_o the_o obligation_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n also_o which_o be_v not_o so_o call_v mere_o because_o the_o person_n oblige_v by_o it_o be_v such_o as_o have_v their_o natural_a birth_n within_o the_o king_n dominion_n for_o person_n bear_v without_o the_o realm_n may_v be_v his_o natural_a subject_n as_o be_v the_o child_n of_o ambassador_n bear_v beyond_o sea_n case_n and_o the_o child_n of_o alien_n bear_v within_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o therefore_o natural_a subject_n of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o the_o mere_a circumstance_n of_o birth_n do_v not_o entitle_v any_o one_o to_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o natural_a subject_n nor_o consequent_o bind_v he_o to_o all_o the_o duty_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n but_o it_o be_v therefore_o call_v natural_a in_o our_o law_n because_o as_o great_a lawyer_n have_v affirm_v vaughan_n it_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o give_v the_o sovereign_a power_n a_o right_n to_o the_o allegiance_n of_o every_o one_o who_o be_v bear_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o it_o as_o every_o son_n be_v bear_v a_o subject_a to_o his_o parent_n and_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n oblige_v to_o honour_n and_o obey_v assist_v and_o support_v they_o so_o also_o be_v he_o bear_v a_o member_n of_o the_o body_n politic_a and_o by_o consequence_n a_o subject_a to_o the_o sovereign_n of_o it_o and_o according_o by_o the_o same_o eternal_a law_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v all_o faithful_a service_n and_o obedience_n to_o he_o when_o he_o be_v in_o a_o capacity_n to_o perform_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n here_o i_o mean_v that_o light_n of_o reason_n which_o be_v give_v we_o by_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n to_o direct_v we_o in_o all_o our_o action_n and_o this_o light_n when_o it_o be_v sufficient_o attend_v to_o and_o not_o darken_v with_o passion_n will_v clear_o show_v we_o how_o we_o shall_v demean_v ourselves_o in_o the_o several_a capacity_n and_o relation_n we_o stand_v in_o as_o it_o show_v we_o what_o obedience_n and_o fidelity_n a_o servant_n owe_v to_o his_o master_n a_o wife_n to_o her_o husband_n and_o a_o son_n to_o his_o father_n so_o it_o plain_o direct_v we_o what_o duty_n every_o member_n of_o a_o civil_a community_n owe_v to_o the_o supreme_a governor_n of_o it_o and_o that_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n direct_v we_o to_o pay_v the_o high_a degree_n of_o allegiance_n to_o he_o viz._n a_o active_a assistance_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n be_v evident_a both_o from_o reason_n and_o from_o the_o common_a consent_n and_o practice_n of_o almost_o all_o civilise_a mankind_n the_o two_o only_a way_n of_o demonstrate_v any_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o first_o it_o seem_v evident_a from_o these_o follow_a reason_n 1._o because_o such_o assistance_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o preserve_v the_o head_n of_o the_o community_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a body_n also_o for_o to_o every_o political_a body_n a_o sovereign_a head_n be_v so_o essential_a as_o that_o it_o can_v possible_o exist_v without_o it_o and_o therefore_o since_o the_o natural_a reason_n of_o all_o man_n do_v dictate_v the_o necessity_n of_o enter_v into_o society_n it_o must_v likewise_o teach_v they_o the_o necessity_n of_o contribute_v their_o actual_a assistance_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o those_o society_n and_o consequent_o of_o that_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v essential_a to_o the_o very_o be_v of_o they_o 2._o because_o every_o subject_a have_v receive_v actual_a protection_n and_o in_o effect_v his_o very_a life_n and_o be_v from_o the_o sovereign_a power_n for_o not_o only_a property_n and_o all_o the_o blessing_n of_o it_o but_o the_o conservation_n of_o even_a life_n itself_o be_v derive_v from_o civil_a government_n and_o therefore_o both_o justice_n and_o gratitude_n do_v oblige_v we_o to_o do_v all_o we_o can_v to_o preserve_v the_o be_v and_o the_o right_n of_o that_o sovereign_a power_n from_o which_o we_o derive_v our_o own_o our_o parent_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o our_o natural_a production_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n we_o be_v ever_o oblige_v â—o_o honour_n and_o support_v they_o though_o they_o prove_v never_o so_o unnatural_a to_o we_o because_o it_o will_v be_v always_o true_a that_o we_o have_v receive_v our_o be_v from_o they_o and_o the_o obligation_n of_o that_o benefit_n will_v last_v as_o long_o as_o our_o life_n such_o be_v our_o obligation_n to_o the_o sovereign_a power_n we_o have_v receive_v our_o life_n and_o property_n from_o it_o and_o it_o will_v be_v always_o true_a that_o we_o owe_v they_o to_o it_o and_o therefore_o though_o it_o become_v never_o so_o tyrannical_a still_o the_o obligation_n of_o obey_v and_o assist_v it_o will_v remain_v our_o gratitude_n must_v continue_v as_o long_o as_o we_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n and_o civil_a oppression_n can_v no_o more_o absolve_v subject_n from_o their_o allegiance_n than_o domestic_a cruelty_n can_v discharge_v child_n from_o the_o duty_n of_o obedience_n 3._o it_o may_v be_v prove_v also_o from_o the_o obligation_n of_o equity_n and_o justice_n which_o be_v certain_o found_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n now_o the_o grand_a fundamental_a rule_n of_o justice_n be_v these_o that_o we_o do_v to_o other_o as_o we_o will_v be_v do_v to_o our_o self_n and_o that_o we_o give_v to_o every_o one_o his_o due_a and_o by_o both_o these_o equitable_a rule_n all_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o assist_v and_o support_v their_o sovereign_n by_o the_o former_a because_o every_o subject_a do_v expect_v a_o actual_a protection_n of_o his_o person_n and_o property_n from_o the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o that_o when_o he_o be_v disable_v from_o contribute_v his_o assistance_n to_o support_v it_o and_o therefore_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o equity_n to_o give_v the_o like_a assistance_n to_o his_o sovereign_n in_o time_n of_o necessity_n and_o even_o when_o he_o can_v actual_o exert_v his_o power_n for_o the_o protection_n of_o his_o subject_n it_o be_v also_o due_a by_o the_o latter_a because_o the_o sovereign_n have_v a_o right_a to_o such_o assistance_n of_o his_o subject_n i_o will_v not_o here_o say_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o that_o be_v the_o thing_n which_o i_o be_o prove_v but_o by_o the_o positive_a civil_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n require_v that_o every_o man_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o right_n and_o that_o be_v true_o a_o man_n right_a which_o be_v such_o by_o a_o politic_a law_n and_o therefore_o since_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o political_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v a_o right_n to_o the_o actual_a assistance_n of_o their_o subject_n to_o deny_v it_o they_o be_v a_o violation_n not_o only_o of_o those_o law_n but_o even_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n also_o but_o 4._o there_o be_v yet_o a_o high_a reason_n for_o it_o which_o respect_v the_o author_n of_o all_o sovereignty_n for_o even_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n do_v teach_v we_o that_o a_o infinite_a be_v make_v the_o world_n and_o that_o he_o still_o govern_v it_o that_o from_o he_o all_o lawful_a dominion_n be_v derive_v and_o that_o king_n be_v his_o minister_n and_o vicegerent_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v obvious_a to_o infer_v that_o every_o subject_a be_v bind_v not_o only_o to_o submit_v but_o also_o to_o support_v and_o defend_v they_o because_o it_o be_v every_o man_n
duty_n to_o voluit_fw-la support_v that_o government_n which_o god_n himself_o have_v establish_v over_o he_o 2._o it_o be_v evident_a also_o from_o the_o universal_a practice_n and_o consent_n of_o almost_o all_o nation_n this_o may_v be_v evince_v from_o a_o induction_n of_o particular_n but_o i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v by_o any_o that_o wherever_o civil_a government_n have_v be_v establish_v and_o in_o what_o from_o soever_o it_o have_v be_v always_o think_v the_o duty_n of_o every_o good_a citizen_n or_o subject_a to_o adhere_v to_o the_o sovereign_a power_n of_o his_o country_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n and_o even_o to_o adventure_v his_o own_o life_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o it_o and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o government_n in_o the_o world_n wherein_o every_o individual_a person_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o bear_v arm_n be_v not_o oblige_v upon_o some_o great_a occasion_n personal_o to_o assist_v the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o hazard_v his_o life_n in_o its_o defence_n and_o this_o be_v a_o manifest_a indication_n that_o the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n be_v first_o teach_v man_n by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n since_o the_o universal_a exact_v of_o they_o can_v be_v ascribe_v to_o nothing_o else_o but_o such_o a_o universal_a principle_n wherefore_o dr._n sanderson_n have_v reason_n to_o affirm_v engagement_n that_o the_o bond_n of_o allegiance_n do_v not_o arise_v original_o from_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n but_o it_o be_v so_o intrinsical_a proper_a and_o essential_a a_o duty_n and_o as_o it_o be_v fundamental_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o subject_a quà _fw-la talis_fw-la as_o that_o the_o very_a name_n of_o a_o subject_a do_v after_o a_o sort_n import_v it_o insomuch_o that_o it_o have_v thereupon_o gain_v in_o common_a usage_n of_o speech_n the_o stile_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n whence_o he_o affirm_v these_o inference_n will_v follow_v 1_o that_o the_o bond_n of_o allegiance_n whether_o swear_v or_o not_o swear_v be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o perpetual_a and_o indispensable_a 2._o that_o it_o be_v so_o inseparable_a from_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o subject_a that_o though_o the_o exercise_n of_o it_o may_v be_v for_o some_o time_n suspend_v by_o a_o prevail_a force_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v so_o absolute_o remove_v but_o that_o it_o still_o remain_v virtual_o in_o the_o subject_a and_o oblige_v to_o a_o actual_a exercise_n of_o it_o upon_o all_o fit_a occasion_n 3._o that_o no_o subject_n of_o england_n that_o have_v either_o by_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n and_o allegiance_n acknowledge_v or_o otherwise_o believe_v that_o the_o sovereign_a power_n to_o who_o his_o natural_a allegiance_n be_v due_a be_v the_o king_n his_o heir_n and_o lawful_a successor_n can_v without_o sin_v against_o his_o conscience_n enter_v into_o any_o covenant_n promise_v or_o engagement_n or_o do_v any_o other_o act_n whatsoever_o whereby_o either_o to_o transfer_v his_o allegiance_n to_o any_o other_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v not_o of_o right_n due_a or_o to_o incapacitate_v himself_o to_o perform_v it_o to_o his_o lawful_a sovereign_n when_o it_o may_v appear_v serviceable_a to_o he_o and_o what_o be_v assert_v by_o this_o great_a casuist_n case_n be_v for_o the_o substance_n of_o it_o deliver_v by_o the_o great_a oracle_n of_o the_o law_n who_o in_o the_o aforementioned_a case_n report_n that_o these_o position_n be_v debate_v and_o resolve_v on_o by_o all_o the_o judge_n first_o that_o the_o ligeance_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n second_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n three_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v long_o before_o any_o municipal_a law._n four_o that_o it_o be_v immutable_a it_o appear_v say_v he_o by_o demonstrative_a reason_n that_o ligeance_n of_o the_o subject_a to_o the_o sovereign_n be_v before_o any_o municipal_a or_o judicial_a law_n first_o for_o that_o government_n and_o subjection_n be_v long_o before_o any_o municipal_a law_n second_o it_o have_v be_v in_o vain_a to_o have_v prescribe_v law_n to_o any_o but_o to_o such_o as_o owe_v ligeance_n before_o frustr_n à _fw-la enim_fw-la feruntur_fw-la leges_fw-la nisi_fw-la subditis_fw-la &_o obedientibus_fw-la see_v then_o that_o ligeance_n be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o can_v be_v alter_v or_o take_v away_o for_o albeit_o municipal_a law_n have_v in_o several_a time_n and_o place_n impose_v several_a punishment_n for_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n yet_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n itself_o never_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v change_v and_o this_o say_v he_o appear_v plain_o and_o plentiful_o in_o our_o law-book_n and_o afterward_o he_o argue_v thus_o upon_o the_o same_o principle_n whatsoever_o be_v due_a only_a by_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o man_n may_v be_v alter_v but_o natural_o the_o ligeance_n of_o the_o subject_a to_o the_o sovereign_n can_v be_v alter_v therefore_o it_o be_v not_o due_a only_o by_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o man._n and_o again_o whatsoever_o be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n can_v be_v alter_v but_o allegiance_n be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n therefore_o it_o can_v be_v alter_v thus_o far_o that_o famous_a lawyer_n and_o thus_o far_o have_v i_o consider_v the_o signification_n of_o allegiance_n as_o it_o be_v found_v in_o the_o law_n and_o explain_v by_o lawyer_n i_o be_o further_a to_o consider_v it_o as_o a_o word_n of_o vulgar_a signification_n also_o and_o as_o it_o be_v take_v and_o understand_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n for_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v oblige_v by_o law_n and_o immemorial_n custom_n to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o their_o sovereign_n it_o be_v not_o credible_a they_o shall_v be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o it_o those_o law_n term_n in_o which_o few_o be_v concern_v be_v by_o few_o understand_v but_o such_o as_o be_v of_o universal_a concernment_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v also_o universal_o understand_v who_o know_v not_o the_o meaning_n of_o parliament_n jury_n assize_n that_o be_v of_o any_o understanding_n the_o word_n allegiance_n be_v of_o more_o near_o and_o universal_a concernment_n to_o all_o man_n it_o be_v therefore_o presume_v that_o no_o subject_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o it_o the_o oath_n themselves_o which_o the_o subject_n have_v ever_o be_v enure_v to_o have_v sufficient_o teach_v they_o the_o duty_n intend_v by_o it_o that_o they_o must_v pay_v due_a obedience_n to_o the_o king_n that_o they_o must_v never_o assist_v his_o enemy_n that_o they_o must_v uphold_v his_o crown_n and_o sometime_o adventure_v even_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n in_o his_o service_n thus_o much_o nature_n itself_o do_v teach_v they_o as_o it_o teach_v child_n to_o discharge_v the_o same_o duty_n towards_o parent_n but_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o prove_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v that_o which_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o all_o man_n of_o tolerable_a understanding_n even_o among_o the_o common_a people_n do_v know_v that_o all_o these_o duty_n be_v include_v in_o true_a allegiance_n ask_v any_o man_n of_o common_a sense_n whether_o he_o who_o have_v swear_v true_a faith_n and_o allegiance_n to_o k._n w._n do_v not_o violate_v his_o oath_n if_o at_o any_o time_n he_o assist_v k._n j._n to_o dethrone_v he_o whether_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o be_v faithful_a to_o he_o against_o all_o his_o enemy_n to_o discover_v all_o the_o design_n of_o k._n j._n against_o he_o that_o shall_v come_v to_o his_o knowledge_n and_o when_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n and_o necessity_n require_v it_o to_o contribute_v his_o actual_a assistance_n also_o to_o oppose_v his_o recovery_n of_o the_o crown_n i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o he_o will_v answer_v that_o his_o allegiance_n bind_v he_o to_o all_o this_o and_o that_o he_o be_v plain_o perjure_a if_o he_o do_v not_o perform_v it_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o common_a people_n as_o they_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o those_o subtlety_n which_o man_n of_o learning_n be_v enure_v to_o so_o be_v they_o seldom_o pervert_v with_o those_o nice_a and_o sophistical_a distinction_n by_o which_o man_n of_o subtlety_n perplex_v thing_n plain_a and_o easy_a in_o themselves_o a_o mechanic_n and_o a_o peasant_n apprehend_v what_o motion_n be_v and_o what_o be_v perjury_n as_o well_o as_o the_o acute_a philosopher_n or_o the_o deep_a divine_a and_o they_o know_v what_o allegiance_n and_o faithfulness_n imply_v as_o well_o as_o the_o able_a lawyer_n and_o if_o you_o go_v about_o to_o blunder_v their_o understanding_n with_o distinction_n and_o objection_n they_o be_v but_o where_o they_o we_o 〈…〉_z and_o will_v still_o clear_o apprehend_v what_o they_o understand_v before_o and_o if_o
to_o believe_v that_o they_o intend_v to_o oblige_v their_o soldier_n to_o a_o active_a assistance_n of_o k._n william_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n then_o of_o necessity_n according_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o imposer_n the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o oath_n do_v oblige_v they_o to_o it_o and_o if_o so_o i_o can_v comprehend_v why_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v not_o oblige_v all_o other_o also_o in_o their_o respective_a capacity_n to_o the_o like_a assistance_n or_o why_o the_o legislator_n shall_v intend_v the_o oath_n to_o be_v take_v by_o different_a person_n in_o contradictory_n sense_n and_o bind_v one_o to_o be_v a_o neuter_n another_o to_o be_v active_a for_o the_o government_n and_o allow_v a_o three_o to_o be_v active_a against_o it_o 2._o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o present_a government_n have_v exact_v of_o all_o clergyman_n a_o actual_a assistance_n of_o it_o as_o great_a at_o least_o as_o that_o which_o be_v require_v of_o soldier_n even_o against_o k._n j._n for_o they_o be_v oblige_v under_o great_a penalty_n to_o insert_v k._n w._n in_o the_o liturgy_n and_o to_o pray_v that_o he_o may_v have_v victory_n over_o all_o his_o enemy_n among_o who_o his_o great_a and_o most_o implacable_a enemy_n the_o enemy_n that_o be_v actual_o endeavour_v to_o wrest_v his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n from_o he_o must_v needs_o be_v comprehend_v and_o thus_o to_o pray_v be_v the_o great_a assistance_n to_o the_o one_o and_o opposition_n to_o the_o other_o that_o can_v be_v imagine_v and_o hence_o it_o seem_v natural_a to_o infer_v that_o they_o who_o have_v exact_v this_o will_v not_o afterward_o enact_v a_o oath_n to_o oblige_v they_o to_o a_o mere_a neutrality_n or_o leave_v they_o a_o reserve_v of_o their_o old_a allegiance_n to_o k._n j._n what_o reason_n can_v there_o be_v possible_o assign_v for_o this_o that_o they_o who_o be_v antecedent_o bind_v to_o more_o shall_v be_v afterward_o swear_v to_o less_o or_o that_o our_o present_a governor_n shall_v oblige_v clergyman_n to_o pray_v against_o all_o their_o enemy_n and_o then_o allow_v they_o to_o assist_v those_o enemy_n or_o discharge_v they_o from_o assist_v the_o government_n against_o they_o 3._o though_o every_o breach_n of_o allegiance_n be_v not_o punish_v as_o treason_n by_o the_o law_n yet_o all_o treason_n be_v certain_o a_o violation_n of_o allegiance_n therefore_o whatsovere_fw-la be_v brand_v or_o punish_v as_o treason_n by_o the_o lawgiver_n and_o imposer_n of_o this_o oath_n be_v very_o probable_o intend_v to_o be_v forbid_v by_o it_o whether_o this_o inference_n be_v not_o reasonable_a i_o appeal_v to_o the_o common_a sense_n of_o all_o man_n or_o whether_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v more_o natural_a than_o to_o conclude_v that_o the_o lawgiver_n intend_v in_o this_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o prevent_v what_o they_o design_v to_o punish_v as_o a_o violation_n of_o it_o and_o to_o bind_v the_o subject_n to_o fidelity_n not_o only_o for_o wrath_n but_o also_o for_o conscience_n sake_n but_o it_o be_v notorious_a to_o all_o man_n that_o the_o imposer_n of_o this_o oath_n have_v treat_v the_o assister_n of_o k._n j._n as_o guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n that_o bill_n have_v be_v propose_v for_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o estate_n and_o trial_n of_o their_o person_n that_o they_o have_v imprison_v many_o upon_o suspicion_n of_o side_v with_o k._n j._n and_o actual_o arraign_v other_o for_o disperse_v his_o proclamation_n and_o have_v late_o condemn_v and_o hang_v one_o for_o say_v he_o raise_v man_n to_o assist_v he_o and_o therefore_o we_o can_v but_o conclude_v that_o they_o who_o punish_v such_o assistance_n as_o a_o breach_n of_o allegiance_n do_v design_n when_o they_o oblige_v we_o to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o debar_v we_o from_o it_o thus_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o assistance_n of_o k._n j._n be_v forbid_v in_o the_o oath_n and_o it_o will_v be_v further_a evident_a that_o so_o be_v a_o neutrality_n also_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o even_o the_o not_o discover_v of_o any_o design_n of_o k._n j._n against_o the_o crown_n and_o dignity_n of_o k._n w._n that_o shall_v come_v to_o our_o knowledge_n will_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o same_o authority_n as_o a_o offence_n contrary_a to_o our_o due_a allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o therefore_o since_o such_o a_o discovery_n be_v plain_o inconsistent_a with_o a_o exact_a neutrality_n it_o be_v obvious_a to_o infer_v that_o a_o neutrality_n which_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o lawgiver_n be_v against_o our_o due_a allegiance_n be_v forbid_v by_o they_o in_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n 4._o last_o the_o high_a construction_n of_o the_o oath_n seem_v to_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o all_o the_o principle_n and_o proceed_n of_o the_o imposer_n this_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o many_o particular_n but_o most_o especial_o from_o the_o very_a instrument_n of_o government_n wherein_o this_o oath_n have_v its_o birth_n there_o they_o first_o declare_v that_o k._n j._n have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n and_o that_o the_o throne_n be_v thereby_o vacant_a then_o they_o confer_v the_o royal_a dignity_n upon_o w._n and_o m._n as_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n and_o then_o annex_v the_o present_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o be_v swear_v unto_o they_o so_o that_o if_o we_o take_v all_o together_o we_o may_v probable_o conclude_v that_o they_o intend_v a_o full_a absolute_a and_o unreserved_a allegiance_n to_o they_o by_o their_o first_o declaration_n it_o appear_v to_o be_v their_o intention_n that_o no_o allegiance_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o k._n j._n for_o to_o no_o king_n no_o allegiance_n be_v due_a by_o the_o second_o that_o all_o our_o allegiance_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o w._n and_o m._n for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o sovereign_n according_a to_o this_o declaration_n it_o must_v be_v all_o due_a unto_o they_o alone_o and_o the_o new_a oath_n be_v then_o immediate_o add_v be_v it_o not_o rational_a to_o interpret_v it_o in_o congruity_n to_o those_o declaration_n which_o do_v manifest_o discover_v it_o to_o be_v the_o intention_n of_o the_o imposer_n that_o all_o our_o allegiance_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o the_o present_a prince_n without_o any_o reservation_n of_o the_o same_o duty_n to_o k._n i_o who_o according_a to_o that_o instrument_n have_v no_o more_o right_o than_o the_o cham_n of_o tartary_n to_o it_o and_o i_o presume_v it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v that_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o oath_n be_v the_o same_o in_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o declaration_n but_o to_o this_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o imposer_n all_o our_o allegiance_n be_v due_a to_o k._n w._n and_o none_o at_o all_o to_o k._n i_o yet_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o when_o the_o form_n of_o the_o oath_n be_v under_o debate_n the_o word_n rightful_a be_v strike_v out_o upon_o exception_n make_v that_o many_o scrupulous_a person_n will_v thereupon_o refuse_v to_o take_v it_o and_o so_o the_o form_n be_v pass_v without_o it_o this_o may_v be_v well_o take_v for_o a_o sufficient_a indication_n that_o it_o be_v the_o intention_n of_o the_o imposer_n that_o we_o shall_v swear_v allegiance_n to_o the_o k._n and_o q._n only_o as_o such_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la and_o consequent_o that_o they_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o oblige_v we_o to_o such_o a_o high_a degree_n of_o allegiance_n as_o be_v due_a to_o a_o k._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la and_o therefore_o that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o take_v the_o oath_n in_o the_o high_a construction_n of_o it_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o most_o considerable_a reason_n that_o be_v urge_v for_o the_o abatement_n of_o the_o old_a sense_n of_o allegiance_n and_o i_o hope_v to_o give_v a_o satisfactory_a answer_n to_o it_o and_o i_o answer_v 1._o that_o though_o the_o deliberate_a omission_n of_o the_o word_n rightful_a do_v necessary_o infer_v that_o we_o be_v not_o oblige_v in_o this_o oath_n to_o a_o recognition_n of_o the_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o infer_v that_o we_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o pay_v as_o high_a a_o degree_n of_o allegiance_n as_o to_o any_o rightful_a king_n whatsoever_o that_o omission_n be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o word_n king_n in_o the_o oath_n do_v not_o necessary_o signify_v a_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la but_o it_o be_v no_o argument_n that_o true_a allegiance_n do_v not_o signify_v true_a allegiance_n that_o be_v a_o obligation_n to_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n for_o there_o be_v vo_o debate_n that_o we_o know_v of_o about_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n allegiance_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o intimation_n give_v that_o they_o design_v to_o restrain_v it_o to_o a_o low_a signification_n though_o it_o be_v plain_o