he replied That he cared not whether His Majesty lov'd him again or not for he was resolved to love him LXX I asking my Lord one time What kind of Fate it was that restored our Gracious King Charles the Second to His Throne He answer'd It was a blessed kind of Fate I replied That I had observed a perfect contrariety between the Fortunes of His Royal Father of blessed memory and Him for as there was a division amongst the generality of the people in the Reign of King Charles the First tending to His Destruction so there was a general Combination and Agreement between them in King Charles the Second His Restauration and as there was a general malice amongst the people against the Father to Depose Him so there was a general Love for the Son to Enthrone Him My Lord answer'd I had observed something but not all for said he there was a Necessity for the people to desire and Restore King Charles the Second but there was no Necessity to Murder King Charles the First For the Kingdom being through so many Alterations and Changes of Government divided into several Factions and Parties was at last hurried into such a Confusion that it was impossible in that manner to subsist or hold out any longer Which Confusion having opened the Peoples Eyes the generality being tyred with the evil effects and consequences of their unsetled Governments under unjust Usurpers and frightned with the apprehension of future dangers began to call to mind the happy Times when in an uninterrupted Peace they enjoyed their own under the happy Reign of their Lawful Soveraigns and hereupon with an unanimous consent Recall'd and Restor'd our now gracious King which although it was opposed by some Factious Parties yet the generality of the people outweigh'd the rest neither was the Royal Party wanting in their endeavours LXXI Asking my Lord one time Whether it was easie or difficult to govern a State or Kingdom He answer'd me That most States were govern'd by secret Policy and so with difficulty for those that govern are at least should be wiser then the State or Commonwealth they govern I replied That in my opinion a State was easily govern'd if their Government was like unto God's that is to say If Governours did Reward and Punish according to the desert My Lord answer'd I said well but he added the Follies of the People are many times too hard for the Prudence of the Governour like as the sins of men work more evil effects in them then the Grace of God works good for if this were not there would be more good then bad which alas Experience proves otherwise LXXII Some Gentlemen making a complaint to my Lord That some he employed in His Majesty's Affairs were too hasty and over-busie My Lord told them That he would rather chuse such persons for His Majesties service as were over-active then such that would be fuller of Questions then Actions The same he would do for his own particular affairs LXXIII Some condemning My Lord for having Roman Catholicks and Scots in his Army He answered them that he did not examine their Opinions in Religion but look'd more upon their Honesty and Duty for certainly there were honest men and loyal Subjects amongst Roman Catholicks as well as Protestants and amongst Scots as well as English Nevertheless my Lord as he was for the King so he was also for the Orthodox Church of England as sufficiently appears by the care he took in ordering the Church-Government mentioned in the History To which purpose when my Lord was walking one time with some of His Officers in the Church at Durham and wonder'd at the greatness and strength of the Pillars that supported that structure My Brother Sir Charles Lucas who was then with him told my Lord that he must confess those Pillars were very great and of a vast strength But said he Your Lordship is a far greater Pillar of the Chureh then all these Which certainly was also a real truth and would have more evidently appear'd had Fortune favour'd my Lord more then she did LXXIV My Lord being in Banishment I told him that he was happy in his misfortunes for he was not subject to any State or Prince To which he jestingly answer'd That as he was subject to no Prince so he was a Prince of no Subjects LXXV In some Discourse which I had with my Lord concerning Princes and their Subjects I declared that I had observed Great Princes were not like the Sun which sends forth out of it self Rays of Light and Beams of Heat effects that did both glorifie the Sun and nourish and comfort sublunary Creatures but their glory and splendor proceeded rather from the Ceremony which they received from their subjects To which my Lord answer'd That Subjects were so far from giving splendor to their Princes that all the Honours and Titles in which consists the chief splendor of a subject were principally derived from them for said he were there no Princes there would be none to confer Honours and Titles upon them LXXVI My Lord entertaining one time some Gentlemen with a merry Discourse told them that he would not keep them Company except they had done and sufferd as much for their King and Country as he had They answer'd That they had not a power answerable to my Lords My Lord replied They should do their endeavour according to their Abilities No said they if we did we should be like your Self lose all and get but little for our pains LXXVII I being much grieved that my Lord for his loyalty and honest Service had so many Enemies used sometimes to speak somewhat sharply of them but he gently reproving me said I should do like experienced Sea-men and as they either turn their Sails with the wind or take them down so should I either comply with Time or abate my Passion LXXVIII A Soldiers Wife whose Husband had been slain in my Lord's Army came one time to beg some relief of my Lord who told her That he was not able to relieve all that had been loyal to His Majesty for said he My losses are so many that if I should give away the remainder of my Estate my Wife and Children would have nothing to live on She answer'd That His Majesty's Enemies were preferr'd to great Honours and had much Wealth Then it is a sign replied my Lord that your Husband and I were Honest Men. LXXIX A Friend of my Lord's complaining that he had done the State much Service but received little Reward for it my Lord answer'd him That States did not usually reward past Services but if he could do some present Service he might perhaps get something but said he those men are wisest that will be paid before-hand LXXX I observing that in the late Civil Warrs many were desirous to be employed in States Affairs and at the noise of Warr endeavoured to be Commanders though but of small Parties asked my Lord the reason thereof
of My Lords together with some Notes and Remarques of mine own which I thought most convenient to place by themselves at the end of this Work rather then to intermingle them with the Body of the History It might be some prejudice to my Lord's Glory and the credit of this History not to take notice of a very considerable thing I have heard which is That when his Lordship's Army had got so much Strength and Reputation that the Rebellious Parliament finding themselves overpower'd with it rather then to be utterly ruin'd as was unavoidable did call the Scots to their Assistance with a promise to reward so great a Service with the Four Northern Counties of Northumberland Cumberland Westmerland and the Bishoprick of Durham which I have not mention'd in the Book And it is most certain That the Parliaments Forces were never Powerful nor their Commanders or Officers Famous until such time as my Lord was overpower'd neither could Loyalty have been over-power'd by Rebellion had not Treachery had better Fortune then Prudence When I speak of my Lord's Pedigree where Thomas Earl of Arundel Grandfather to the now Duke of Norfolk is mention'd they have left out William Viscount Stafford one of his Sons who did marry the Heir of the last Baron Stafford descended from the Dukes of Buckingham which was set down in my Original Manuscript Some of those Omissions and very probably others are happened partly for want of timely Information and chiefly by the death of my Secretary who did copy my Writings for the Press and dy'd in London attending that Service afore the Printing of the Book was quite finish'd And as I hope of your Favour to be excus'd for omitting those things in the Book so I expect of your Justice to be approv'd in putting them here though somewhat unseasonably Before I end this Preface I do beseech my Readers not to mistake me when I speak of my Lord's Banishment as if I would conceal that he went voluntarily out of his Native Country for it is most true that his Lordship prudently perceiving all the King's Party lost not onely in England but also in Scotland and Ireland and that it was impossible to withstand the Rebels after the fatal overthrow of his Army his Lordship in a poor and mean condition quitted his own Countrey and went beyond Sea soon after which the Rebels having got an Absolute Power and granted a general Pardon to all those that would come in to them upon composition at the Rates they had set down his Lordship with but few others was excepted from it both for Life and Estate and did remain thus banish'd till His Majesties happy Restauration I must also acknowledg That I have committed great Errors in taking no notice of Times as I should have done in many places of this History I mention in one place the Queen Mothers being in France when my Lord went thither but do not say in what year that was Nor do I express when His Majesty our now Gracious Soveraign came in and went out again several times from that Kingdom which has happen'd for want of Memory and I desire my Readers to excuse me for it No body can certainly be more ready to find faults in this Work then I am to confess them being very conscious that I have as I told my Lord I should committed many for want of Learning and chiefly of skill in writing Histories But having according to his Lordships Commands written his Actions and Fortunes truly and plainly I have reason to expect that whatsoever else shall be found amiss will be favourably pardoned by the candid Readers to whom I wish all manner of happiness AN EPISTLE TO HER GRACE THE Duchess of Newcastle May it please your Grace I Have been taught and do believe That Obedience is better then Sacrifice and know that both are due from me to your Grace and since I have been so long in obeying your Commands I shall not presume to use any Arguments for my excuse but rather chuse ingeniously to confess my fault and beg your Graces Pardon And because forgiveness is a Glory to the supreamest Powers I will hope that your Grace by that great example will make it yours And now I humbly take leave to represent to your Grace as faithfully and truly as my memory will serve me all my Observations of the most memorable Actions and honourable Deportments of His Grace my most Noble Lord and Master William Duke of Newcastle in the execution and Performance of the Trusts and high Employments committed and commended to his care and charge by three Kings of England that is to say King James King Charles the First of ever blessed Memory and our Gracious King Charles the Second under whom he hath had the happiness to live and the honour to serve them in several capacities And because I humbly conceive that it is not within the intention of your Graces Commands that I should give you a particular Relation of His Graces High Birth his Noble and Princely Education and Breeding both at home and abroad his Natural Faculties and Personal Vertues his Iustice Bounty Charity Friendship his Right Approved Courage and True Valour not grounded upon or govern'd by Passion but Reason his Magnificent manner of living and supporting his Dignity testified by his great Entertainments of their Majesties and his private Friends upon all fit occasions besides his ordinary and constant House-keeping and Attendants some for Honour and some for business wherein he exceeded most of his Quality and that he was and is an incomparable Master to his Servants is sufficiently testified by all or most of the chiefest of them living and dying in His Graces Service which is an Argument that they thought themselves as happy therein as the World could make them nor of his well-chosen Pleasures which were principally Horses of all sorts but more particularly Horses of Mannage His Study and Art of the true use of the Sword His Magnificent Buidings These are his chiefest Delights wherein his Grace spared for no cost nor charge which are sufficiently manifested to the World for other Delights as those of running Horses Hawking Hunting c. His Grace used them meerly for societies sake and out of a generous and obliging Nature to please others though his knowledg in them excelled as well as in the other And yet notwithstanding these his large and vast expences before his Grace was called to the Court he encreased his Revenue by way of Purchase to a great value and when he was called to the Court he was then free from Debts and as I have heard some Thousands of Pounds in his Purse These Particulars and as many more of this kind as would swell a Volume I could enumerate to your Grace but that they are so well known to your Grace it would be a Presumption in me rather then a Service to give your Grace that trouble and therefore I humbly forbear and proceed according to
my Intention to give your Grace a faithful account of Your Graces Commands as becomes May it please your Grace Your Graces most humble and most obedient Servant Iohn Rolleston THE LIFE OF THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS PRINCE WILLIAM Duke of Newcastle The First Book SInce my chief intent in this present Work is to describe the Life and Actions of My Noble Lord and Husband William Duke of Newcastle I shall do it with as much Brevity Perspicuity and Truth as is required of an Impartial Historian The History of his Pedigree I shall refer to the Heralds and partly give you an account thereof at the latter end of this work onely thus much I shall now mention as will be requisite for the better understanding of the following discourse His Grandfather by his Fathers side was Sir William Cavendish Privy Counsellour and Treasurer of the Chamber to King Henry the Eighth Edward the Sixth and Queen Mary His Grandfather by his Mother was Cuthbert Lord Ogle an ancient Baron His Father Sir Charles Cavendish was the youngest son to Sir William and had no other Children but three Sons whereof My Lord was the Second but his elder Brother dying in his Infancy left both his Title and Birth-right to My Lord so that My Lord had then but one onely Brother left whose name was Charles after his Father whereas My Lord had the name of his Grandfather These two Brothers were partly bred with Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury their Uncle in Law and their Aunt Mary Countess of Gilbert's Wife and Sister to their Father for there interceded an intire and constant Friendship between the said Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury and My Lord's Father Sir Charles Cavendish caused not onely by the marriage of My Lord's Aunt his Fathers Sister to the aforesaid Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury and by the marriage of George Earl of Gilbert's Father with My Lord's Grandmother by his Fathers side but Sir Charles Cavendish My Lord's Father and Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury being brought up and bred together in one Family and grown up as parts of one body after they came to be beyond Children and travelled together into foreign Countries to observe the Fashions Laws and Customs of other Nations contracted such an intire Friendship which lasted to their death neither did they out live each other long for My Lord's Father Sir Charles Cavendish lived but one year after Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury But both My Lords Parents and his Aunt and Uncle in Law shewed always a great and fond love to My Lord endeavouring when He was but a Child to please him with what he most delighted in When He was grown to the Age of fifteen or sixteen he was made Knight of the Bath an ancient and honourable Order at the time when Henry King Iames of blessed Memory His eldest Son was created Prince of Wales and soon after he went to travel with Sir Henry Wotton who was sent as Ambassador Extraordinary to the then Duke of Savoy which Duke made very much of My Lord and when he would be free in Feasting placed Him next to himself Before My Lord did return with the Ambassador into England the said Duke profer'd My Lord that if he would stay with him he would not onely confer upon him the best Titles of Honour he could but also give him an honourable Command in War although My Lord was but young for the Duke had then some designs of War But the Ambassador who had taken the care of My Lord would not leave Him behind without his Parents consent At last when My Lord took his leave of the Duke the Duke being a very generous person presented Him with a Spanish Horse a Saddle very richly embroidered and with a rich Jewel of Diamonds Some time after My Lord's return into England Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury died and left My Lord though he was then but young and about Twenty two years of age his Executor a year after his Father Sir Charles Cavendish died also His Mother being then a Widow was desirous that My Lord should marry in obedience to whose Commands he chose a Wife both to his own good liking and his Mothers approving who was Daughter and Heir to William Basset of Blore Esq a very honourable and ancient Family in Stafford-Shire by whom was added a great part to His Estate as hereafter shall be mentioned After My Lord was married he lived for the most part in the Country and pleased Himself and his neighbours with Hospitality and such delights as the Country afforded onely now and then he would go up to London for some short time to wait on the King About this time King Iames of blessed memory having a purpose to confer some Honour upon My Lord made him Viscount Mansfield and Baron of Bolsover and after the decease of King Iames King Charles the First of blessed Memory constituted him Lord Warden of the Forrest of Sherewood and Lieutenant of Nottingham-Shire and restored his Mother Catharine the second Daughter of Cuthbert Lord Ogle to her Fathers Dignity after the death of her onely Sister Iane Countess of Shrewsbury publickly declaring that it was her Right which Title after the death of his Mother descended also upon My Lord and his Heirs General together with a large Inheritance of 3000 l. a year in Northumberland About the same time after the decease of William late Earl of Devonshire his Noble Cousin German My Lord was by his said Majesty made Lord Lieutenant of Derby-Shire which trust and honour after he had enjoyed for several years and managed it like as all other offices put to his Trust with all possible care faithfulness and dexterity during the time of the said Earls Son William the now Earl of Devonshire his Minority as soon as this same Earl was come to age and by Law made capable of that trust he willingly and freely resign'd it into his hands he having hitherto kept it onely for him that he and no body else might succeed his Father in that dignity In these and all other both publick and private imployments My Lord hath ever been careful to keep up the Kings Rights to the uttermost of his power to strengthen those mentioned Counties with Ammunition and to administer Justice to every one for he refused no mans Petition but sent all that came to him either for relief or justice away from him fully satisfied Not long after his being made Lieutenant of Nottingham-Shire there was found so great a defect of Armes and Ammunition in that County that the Lords of the Council being advertised thereof as the manner then was His Majesty commanded a levy to be made upon the whole County for the supply thereof whereupon the sum of 500 l. or thereabout was accordingly levied for that purpose and three Persons of Quality then Deputy Lieutenants were desired by My Lord to receive the money and see it disposed which being done accordingly and a certain account rendred to My Lord he voluntarily
who also came to take their leaves of My Lord being much troubled at his departure and speaking very honourably of him as surely they had no reason to the contrary The Second Book HAving hitherto faithfully related the life of My Noble Lord and Husband and the chief Actions which He performed during the time of his being employed in His Majesties Service for the Good and Interest of his King and Country until the time of his going out of England I shall now give you a just account of all that passed during the time of his banishment till the return into his native Country My Lord being a Wise Man and foreseeing well what the loss of that fatal Battle upon Hessom-moor near York would produce by which not onely those of His Majesties Party in the Northern parts of the Kingdom but in all other parts of His Majesties Dominions both in England Scotland and Ireland were lost and undone and that there was no other way but either to quit the Kingdom or submit to the Enemy or die he resolved upon the former and preparing for his journey asked his Steward How Much Money he had left Who answer'd That he had but 90 l. My Lord not being at all startled at so small a Summ although his present design required much more was resolved too seek his Fortune even with that litle and thereupon having taken leave of His Highness Prince Rupert and the rest that were present went to Scarborough as before is mentioned where two Ships were prepared for Hamborough to set sail within 24 hours in which he embarqued with his Company and arrived in four days time to the said City which was on the 8th of Iuly 1644. In one of these Ships was my Lord with his two Sons Charles Viscount Mansfield and Lord Henry Cavendish now Earl of Ogle as also Sir Charles Cavendish My Lord's Brother the then Lord Bishop of London-derry Dr. Bramhall the Lord Falconbridg the Lord Widdrington Sir William Carnaby who after died at Paris and his Brother Mr. Francis Carnaby who went presently in the same Ship back again for England and soon after was slain by the Enemy near Sherborne in York-shire besides many of my Lord's and their servants In the other Ship was the Earl of Ethyne Lieutenant General of My Lord's Army and the Lord Cornworth But before My Lord landed at Hamborough his eldest Son Charles Lord Mansfield fell sick of the Small-Pox and not long after his younger Son Henry now Earl of Ogle fell likewise dangerously ill of the Measels but it pleased God that they both happily recovered My Lord finding his Company and Charge very great although he sent several of his Servants back again into England and having no means left to maintain him was forced to seek for Credit where at last he got so much as would in part relieve his necessities and whereas heretofore he had been contented for want of a Coach to make use of a Waggon when his occasions drew him abroad he was now able with the credit he had got to buy a Coach and nine Horses of an Holsatian breed for which Horses he paid 160 l. and was afterwards offer'd for one of them an hundred Pistols at Paris but he refused the money and presented seven of them to Her Majesty the Queen-Mother of England and kept two for his own use After my Lord had stay'd in Hamborough from Iuly 1644 till February 1645 4 he being resolved to go into France went by Sea from Hamborough to Amsterdam and from thence to Rotterdam where he sent one of his Servants with a Complement and tender of his humble Service to Her Highness the then Princess Royal the Queen of Bohemia the Princess Dowager of Orange and the Prince of Orange which was received with much kindness and civility From Rotterdam he directed his Journey to Antwerp and from thence with one Coach one Chariot and two Waggons he went to Mechlin and Brussels where he received a Visit from the Governour the Marquess of Castel Rodrigo the Duke of Lorrain and Count Piccolomini From thence he set forth for Valenchin and Cambray where the Governour of the Town used my Lord with great respect and civility and desired him to give the word that night Thence he went to Peroon a Frontier Town in France where the Vice-Governour in absence of the Governour of that place did likewise entertain my Lord with all respect and desired him to give the Word that night and so to Paris without any further stay My Lord being arrived at Paris which was in April 1645 immediately went to tender his humble duty to Her Majesty the Queen-Mother of England where it was my Fortune to see him the first time I being then one of the Maids of Honour to Her Majesty and after he had stay'd there some time he was pleased to take some particular notice of me and express more then an ordinary affection for me insomuch that he resolved to chuse me for his Second Wife for he having but two Sons purposed to marry me a young Woman that might prove fruitful to him and encrease his Posterity by a Masculine Off-spring Nay He was so desirous of Male-Issue that I have heard him say He cared not so God would be pleased to give him many Sons although they came to be Persons of the meanest Fortunes but God it seems had ordered it otherwise and frustrated his Designs by making me barren which yet did never lessen his Love and Affection for me After My Lord was married having no Estate or Means left him to maintain himself and his Family he was necessitated to seek for Credit and live upon the Courtesie of those that were pleased to Trust him which although they did for some while and shew'd themselves very civil to My Lord yet they grew weary at length insomuch that his Steward was forced one time to tell him That he was not able to provide a Dinner for him for his Creditors were resolved to trust him no longer My Lord being always a great master of his Passions was at least shew'd himself not in any manner troubled at it but in a pleasant humour told me that I must of necessity pawn my Cloaths to make so much Money as would procure a Dinner I answer'd That my Cloaths would be but of small value and therefore desired my Waiting-Maid to pawn some small toys which I had formerly given her which she willingly did The same day in the afternoon My Lord spake himself to his Creditors and both by his civil Deportment and perswasive Arguments obtained so much that they did not onely trust him for more necessaries but lent him Mony besides to redeem those Toys that were pawned Hereupon I sent my Waiting-Maid into England to my Brother the Lord Lucas for that small Portion which was left me and my Lord also immediately after dispatched one of his Servants who was then Governour to his Sons to some of
his Friends to try what means he could procure for his subsistance but though he used all the industry and endeavour he could yet he effected but little by reason every body was so affraid of the Parliament that they durst not relieve Him who was counted a Traitor for his Honest and Loyal service to his King and Country Not long after My Lord had profers made him of some Rich Matches in England for his two Sons whom therefore he sent thither with one Mr. Loving hoping by that means to provide both for them and himself but they being arrived there out of some reasons best known to them declared their unwillingness to Marry as yet continuing nevertheless in England and living as well as they could Some two years after my Lord's Marriage when he had prevailed so far with his Creditors that they began to trust him anew the first thing he did was that he removed out of those Lodgings in Paris where he had been necessitated to live hitherto to a House which he hired for himself and his Family and furnished it as well as his new gotten Credit would permit and withal resolving for his own recreation and divertisement in his banished condition to exercise the Art of Mannage which he is a great lover and Master of bought a Barbary-horse for that purpose which cost him 200 Pistols and soon after another Barbary-horse from the Lord Crofts for which he was to pay him 100 l. when he returned into England About this time there was a Council call'd at St. Germain in which were present besides My Lord Her Majesty the now Queen Mother of England His Highness the Prince our now gracious King His Cousin Prince Rupert the Marquess of Worcester the then Marquess now Duke of Ormond the Lord Iermyn now Earl of St. Albans and several others where after several debates concerning the then present condition of His Majesty King Charles the First my Lord delivered his sentiment that he could perceive no other probability of procuring Forces for His Majesty but an assistance of the Scots But Her Majesty was pleased to answer my Lord That he was too quick Not long after When my Lord had begun to settle himsef in his mentioned new house His gracious Master the Prince having taken a resolution to go into Holland upon some designs Her Majesty the Queen Mother desired my Lord to follow him promising to engage for his debts which hitherto he had contracted at Paris and commanding Her Controller and Treasurer to be bound for them in Her behalf which they did although the Creditors would not content themselves until my Lord had joined his word to theirs So great and generous was the bounty and favour of Her Majesty to my Lord considering she had already given him heretofore near upon 2000 l. Sterling even at that time when Her Majesty stood most in need of it My Lord after his Highness the Prince was gone being ready to execute Her Majesties Commands in following Him and preparing for his Journey wanted the chief thing which was Money and having much endeavoured for it at last had the good Fortune to obtain upon Credit three or four hundred pounds sterl With which Sum he set out of Paris in the same Equipage he entred viz. One Coach which he had newly caused to be made wherein were the Lord Widdrington my Lord's Brother Sir Charles Cavendish Mr. Loving my Waiting-Maid and some others whereof the two later were then returned out of England one little Chariot that would onely hold my Lord and my self and three Waggons besides an indifferent number of Servants on Horse-back That day when we left Paris the Creditors coming to take their Farwell of my Lord expressed so great a love and kindness for him accompanied vvith so many hearty Prayers and Wishes that he could not but prosper on his Journey Being come into the King of Spain's Dominions my Lord found a very Noble Reception At Cambray the Governour vvas so civil that my Lord coming to that place somevvhat late and vvhen it vvas dark he commanded some Lights and Torches to meet my Lord and conduct him to his Lodgings He offer'd my Lord the Keys of the City and desir'd him to give the Word that night and moreover invited him to an Entertainment which he had made for him of purpose but it being late my Lord tyred with his Journey excused himself as civilly as he could the Governour notwithstanding being pleased to send all manner of Provisions to my Lords Lodgings and charging our Landlord to take no pay for any thing we had Which extraordinary Civilities shewed that he was a Right Noble Spaniard The next morning early my Lord went on his Journey and was very civilly used in every place of His Majesty of Spain's Dominions where he arrived At last coming to Antwerp He took water to Rotterdam which Town he chose for his residing place during the time of his stay in Holland and sent thither to a Friend of his a Gentleman of Quality to provide him some Lodgings which he did and procured them at the house of one Mrs. Banaum Widow to an English Merchant who had always been very Loyal to His Majesty the King of England and serviceable to His Majesties faithful Subjects in whatsoever lay in his Power My Lord being come to Rotterdam was informed that His Highness the Prince now our Gracious King was gone to Sea Wherefore he resolved to follow him and for that purpose hired a Boat and victual'd it but since no body knew whither His Highness was gone and I being unwilling that my Lord should venture upon so uncertain a Voyage and as the Proverb is Seek a Needle in a Bottle of Hay he desisted from that design The Lord Widdrington nevertheless and Sir Will. Throckmorton being resolved to find out the Prince but having by a storm been driven towards the Coast of Scotland and endangered their lives they returned without obtaining their aim After some little time my Lord having notice that the Prince was arrived at the Hague he went to wait on His Highness which he also did afterwards at several times so long as His Highness continued there expecting some opportunity where he might be able to shew his readiness to serve His King and Countrey as certainly there was no little hopes for it for first it was believed that the English Fleet would come and render it self into the obedience of the Prince next it was reported that the Duke of Hamilton was going out of Scotland with a great Army into England to the assistance of His Majesty and that His Majesty had then some party at Colchester but it pleased God that none of these proved effectual For the Fleet did not come in the Duke of Hamilton's Army was destroyed and Colchester was taken by the Enemy where my dear Brother Sir Charles Lucas and his dear Friend Sir George Lile were most inhumanly murther'd and shot to death they
his famous Name Blood and Office of large Honours has been eminent in so many and so great Services performed to Us and Our Father of ever blessed memory that his Merits are still producing new effects We have decreed likewise to add more Honour to his former And though these his such eminent Actions which he hath faithfully and valiantly performed to Us Our Father and Our Kingdom speak loud enough in themselves yet since the valiant Services of a good Subject are always pleasant to remember We have thought fit to have them in part related for a good Example and Encouragement to Virtue The great proofs of his Wisdom and Piety are sufficiently known to Us from Our younger years and We shall alwayes retain a sense of those good Principles he instilled into Us the Care of Our Youth which he happily undertook for Our good he as faithfully and well discharged Our years growing up amidst bad Times and the harsh Necessities of Warr a new Charge and Care of Loyaltie the Kingdom and Religion call'd him off to make use of his further Diligence and Valour Rebellion spread abroad he levied Loyal Forces in great numbers opposed the Enemy won so many and so great Victories in the Field took in so many Towns Castles and Garisons as well in Our Northern parts as elsewhere and behaved himself with so great Courage and Valour in the defending also what he had got especially at the Siege of York which he maintain'd against three Potent Armies of Scots and English closely beleaguering and with emulation assaulting it for three Months till Relief was brought to the wonder and envy of the Enemy that if Loyal and Humane Force could have prevailed he had soon restored Fidelity Peace and his KING to the Nation which was then hurrying to Ruine by an unhappy Fate So that Rebellion getting the upper hand and no place being left for him to act further valiantly in for his King and Countrey he still retain'd the same Loyalty and Valour in suffering being an inseparable Follower of Our Exile during which sad Catastrophe his whole Estate was sequestred and sold from him and his Person alwayes one of the first of those few who were excepted both for Life and Estate which was offer'd to all others Besides his Virtues are accompanied with a Noble Blood being of a Family by each Stock equally adorn'd and endow'd with great Honours and Riches For which Reasons We have resolv'd to grace the said Marquess with a new Mark of our Favour he being every way deserving of it as one who lov'd vertue equal to his Noble Birth and possess'd Patrimonies suitable to both as long as loyalty had any place to shew it self in our Realm which possessions he so well employ'd and at last for Us and Our Fathers service lost till he was with Us restor'd Know therefore c. 4. Of his Prudence and Wisdom MY Lord's Prudence and Wisdom hath been sufficiently apparent both in his Publick and Private Actions and Imployments for he hath such a Natural Inspection and Judicious Observation of things that he sees beforehand what will come to pass and orders his affairs accordingly To which purpose I cannot but mention that Laud the then Archbishop of Canterbury between whom and my Lord interceded a great and intire Friendship which he confirmed by a Legacy of a Diamond to the value of 200 l. left to my Lord when he died which was much for him to bequeath for though he was a great Statesman and in favour with his late Majesty yet he was not covetous to hoard up wealth but bestowed it rather upon the Publick repairing the Cathedral of St. Pauls in London which had God granted him life he would certainly have beautified and rendred as famous and glorious as any in Christendom This said Arch-Bishop was pleased to tell His late Majesty that my Lord was one of the Wisest and Prudentest Persons that ever he was acquainted with For further proof I cannot pass by that my Lord told His late Majesty King Charles the First and Her Majesty the now Queen-Mother some time before the Wars That he observed by the humours of the People the approaching of a Civil War and that His Majesties Person would be in danger of being deposed if timely care was not taken to prevent it Also when my Lord was at Antwerp the Marquess of Montross before he went into Scotland gave my Lord a Visit and acquainted him with his intended Journey asking my Lord whether he was not also going for England My Lord answer'd He was ready to do His Majesty what service he could and would shun no opportunity where he perceived he could effect something to His Majesties advantage Nay said he if His Majesty should be pleased to Command my single Person to go against the whole Army of the Enemy although I was sure to lose my life yet out of a Loyal Duty to His Majesty and in Obedience to his Commands I should never refufe it But to venture said he the life of my Friends and to betray them in a desperate action without any probability of doing the least good to His Majesty would be a very unjust and unconscionable act for my Friends might perhaps venture with me upon an implicite Faith that I was so honest as not to engage them without a firm and solid foundation but I wanting that as having no Ships Armes Ammunition Provision Forts and places of Rendezvous and what is the chief thing Money To what purpose would it be to draw them into so hazardous an Action but to seek their ruine and destruction without the least benefit to His Majesty Then the Marquess of Montross asked my Lord's Advice and what he should do in such a case My Lord answer'd That he knowing best his own Countrey Power and Strength and what probability he had of Forces and other Necessaries for Warr when he came into Scotland could give himself the best advice but withall told him That if he had no Provision nor Ammunition Armes and places of Rendezvous for his men to meet and join he would likely be forced to hide his head and suffer for his rash undertaking Which unlucky Fate did also accordingly befall that worthy Person These passages I mention to no other end but to declare my Lord's Judgment and Prudence in worldly Affairs whereof there are so many that if I should set them all down it would swell this History to a big Volume They may in some sort be gather'd from his actions mentioned heretofore especially the ordering of his affairs in the time of Warr with such Conduct Prudence and Wisdom that notwithstanding at the beginning of his Undertaking that great Trust and honourable Employment which His late Majesty was pleased to confer upon him he saw so little appearance of performing his Designs with good success His Majesty's Revenues being then much weakned and the Magazines and publick Purse in the Enemies Power besides several other
Majesty King CHARLEs the Second was pleased when my Lord was in banishment to make him Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter And 12. After his Return into England Chief Justice in Eyre Trent-North 13. He created him Duke of Newcastle and Earl of Ogle 7. Of the Entertainments He made for King CHARLES the First THough my Lord hath alwayes been free and noble in his Entertainments and Feastings yet he was pleased to shew his great Affection and Duty to his Gracious King Charles the First and Her Majesty the Queen in some particular Entertainments which he made of purpose for them before the late Warrs When His Majesty was going into Scotland to be Crowned he took His way through Nottinghamshire and lying at Worksop-Mannor hardly two miles distant from Welbeck where my Lord then was my Lord invited His Majesty thither to a Dinner which he was graciously pleased to accept of This Entertainment cost my Lord between Four and Five thousand pounds which His Majesty liked so well that a year after His Return out of Scotland He was pleased to send my Lord word That Her Majesty the Queen was resolved to make a Progress into the Northern parts desiring him to prepare the like Entertainment for Her as he had formerly done for Him Which My Lord did and endeavour'd for it with all possible Care and Indudustry sparing nothing that might add splendor to that Feast which both Their Majesties were pleased to honour with their Presence Ben Iohnson he employed in fitting such Scenes and Speeches as he could best devise and sent for all the Gentry of the Country to come and wait on their Majesties and in short did all that ever he could imagine to render it Great and worthy Their Royal Acceptance This Entertainment he made at Bolsover-Castle in Derbyshire some five miles distant from Welbeck and resigned Welbeck for Their Majesties Lodging it cost him in all between Fourteen and Fifteen thousand pounds Besides these two there was another small Entertainment which my Lord prepared for His late Majesty in his own Park at Welbeck when His Majesty came down with his two Nephews the now Prince Elector Palatine and His Brother Prince Rupert into the Forrest of Sherwood which cost him Fifteen hundred pounds And this I mention not out of a vain-glory but to declare the great love and Duty my Lord had for His Gracious King and Queen and to correct the mistakes committed by some Historians who not being rightly informed of those Entertainments make the World believe Falshood for Truth But as I said they were made before the Warrs when my Lord had the possessiou of a great Estate and wanted nothing to express his Love and Duty to his Soveraign in that manner whereas now he should be much to seek to do the like his Estate being so much ruined by the late Civil Wars that neither himself nor his Posterity will be able so soon to recover it 8. His Education HIs Education was according to his Birth for as he was born a Gentleman so he was bred like a Gentleman To School-Learning he never shew'd a great inclination for though he was sent to the University and was a Student of St. Iohn's Colledg in Cambridg and had his Tutors to instruct him yet they could not perswade him to read or study much he taking more delight in sports then in learning so that his Father being a wise man and seeing that his Son had a good natural Wit and was of a very good Disposition suffer'd him to follow his own Genius whereas his other Son Charles in whom he found a greater love and inclination to Learning he encouraged as much that way as possibly he could One time it hapned that a young Gentleman one of my Lord's Relations had bought some Land at the same time when my Lord had bought a Singing-Boy for 50 l. a Horse for 50 l. and a Dog for 2 l. which humour his Father Sir Charles liked so well that he was pleased to say That if he should find his Son to be so covetous that he would buy Land before he was 20 years of Age he would disinherit him But above all the rest my Lord had a great inclination to the Art of Horsemanship and Weapons in which later his Father Sir Charles being a most ingenuous and unparallell'd Master of that Age was his onely Tutor and kept him also several Masters in the Art of Horsemanship and sent him to the Mewse to Mons. Antoine who was then accounted the best Master in that Art But my Lord's delight in those Heroick Exercises was such that he soon became Master thereof Himself which encreased much his Father's hopes of his future perfections who being himself a person of a Noble and Heroick nature was extreamly well pleased to observe his Son take delight in such Arts and Exercises as were proper and fit for a person of Quality 9. His Natural Wit and Vnderstanding ALthough my Lord has not so much of Scholarship and Learning as his Brother Sir Charles Cavendish had yet he hath an excellent Natural Wit and Judgment and dives into the bottom of every thing as it is evidently apparent in the forementioned Art of Horsemanship and Weapons which by his own ingenuity he has reformed and brought to such perfection as never any one has done heretofore And though he is no Mathematician by Art yet he hath a very good Mathematical brain to demonstrate Truth by natural reason and is both a good Natural and Moral Philosopher not by reading Philosophical Books but by his own Natural Understanding and Observation by which he hath found out many Truths To pass by several other instances I 'le but mention that when my Lord was at Paris in his Exile it happen'd one time that he discoursing with some of his Friends amongst whom was also that Learned Philosopher Hobbes they began amongst the rest to argue upon this subject namely Whether it mere possible to make Man by Art fly as Birds do and when some of the Company had delivered their Opinion viz. That they thought it probable to be done by the help of Artificial Wings My Lord declared that he deemed it altogether impossible and demonstrared it by this following Reason Man's Armes said he are not set on his shoulders in the same manner as Bird's wings are for that part of the Arm which joins to the Shoulder is in Man placed inward as towards the breast but in Birds outward as toward the back which difference and contrary position or shape hinders that man cannot have the same flying-action with his Armes as Birds have with their Wings Which Argument Mr. Hobbes liked so well that he was pleased to make use of it in one of his Books called Leviathan if I remember well Some other time they falling into a Discourse concerning Witches Mr. Hobbes said That though he could not rationally believe there were Witches yet he could not be fully satisfied
THE LIFE OF THE Thrice Noble High and Puissant PRINCE William Cavendishe Duke Marquess and Earl of Newcastle Earl of Ogle Viscount Mansfield and Baron of Bolsover of Ogle Bothal and Hepple Gentleman of His Majesties Bed-chamber one of His Majesties most Honourable Privy-Councel Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter His Majesties Lieutenant of the County and Town of Nottingham and Justice in Ayre Trent-North who had the honour to be Governour to our most Glorious King and Gracious Soveraign in his Youth when He was Prince of Wales and soon after was made Captain General of all the Provinces beyond the River of Trent and other Parts of the Kingdom of England with Power by a special Commission to make Knights WRITTEN By the thrice Noble Illustrious and Excellent Princess MARGARET Duchess of Newcastle His Wife LONDON Printed by A. Maxwell in the Year 1667. To His most Sacred MAJESTY Charles the Second By the Grace of God of England Scotland France and Ireland King Defender of the Faith c. May it please Your Majesty I Have in confidence of your Gracious acceptance taken the boldness or rather the presumption to dedicate to Your Majesty this short History which is as full of Truths as words of the Actions and Sufferings of Your most Loyal Subject my Lord and Husband by Your Majesties late favour Duke of Newcastle who when Your Majesty was Prince of Wales was Your most careful Governour and honest Servant Give me therefore leave to relate here that I have heard him often say He loves Your Royal Person so dearly that He would most willingly upon all occasions sacrifice his Life and Posterity for Your Majesty whom that Heaven will everbless is the Prayer of Your most Obedient Loyal humble Subject and Servant Margaret Newcastle TO HIS GRACE THE Duke of Newcastle My Noble Lord It hath always been my hearty Prayer to God since I have been your Wife That first I might prove an honest and good Wife whereof your Grace must be the onely Iudg Next That God would be pleased to enable me to set forth and declare to after-ages the truth of your loyal actions and endeavours for the service of your King and Country For the accomplishing of which design I have followed the best and truest Observations of your Secretary John Rolleston and your Lordships own Relations and have accordingly writ the History of your Lordships Life which although I have endeavoured to render as perspicuous as ever I could yet one thing I find hath much darkned it which is that your Grace commanded me not to mention any thing or passage to the prejudice or disgrace of any Family or particular person although they might be of great truth and would illustrate much the actions of your Life which I have dutifully performed to satisfie your Lordship whose Nature is so Generous that you are as well pleased to obscure the faults of your Enemies as you are to divulge the vertues of your Friends And certainly My Lord you have had as many Enemies and as many Friends as ever any one particular person had and I pray God to forgive the one and prosper the other Nor do I so much wonder at it since I a Woman cannot be exempt from the malice and aspersions of spightful tongues which they cast upon my poor Writings some denying me to be the true Authoress of them for your Grace remembers well that those Books I put out first to the judgment of this censorious Age were accounted not to be written by a Woman but that some body else had writ and publish'd them in my Name by which your Lordship was moved to prefix an Epistle before one of them in my vindication wherein you assure the world upon your honour That what was written and printed in my name was my own and I have also made known that your Lordship was my onely Tutor in declaring to me what you had found and observed by your own experience for I being young when your Lordship married me could not have much knowledg of the world But it pleased God to command his Servant Nature to indue me with a Poetical and Philosophical Genius even from my Birth for I did write some Books in that kind before I was twelve years of Age which for want of good method and order I would never divulge But though the world would not believe that those Conceptions and Fancies which I writ were my own but transcended my capacity yet they found fault that they were defective for want of Learning and on the other side they said I had pluckt Feathers out of the Universities which was a very preposterous judgment Truly My Lord I confess that for want of Scholarship I could not express my self so well as otherwise I might have done in those Philosophical Writings I publish'd first but after I was returned with your Lordship into my Native Country and led a retired Country life I applied my self to the reading of Philosophical Authors of purpose to learn those names and words of Art that are used in Schools which at first were so hard to me that I could not understand them but was fain to guess at the sense of them by the whole context and so writ them down as I found them in those Authors at which my Readers did wonder and thought it impossible that a Woman could have so much Learning and Vnderstanding in Terms of Art and Scholastical Expressions so that I and my Books are like the old Apologue mention'd in AEsop of a Father and his Son who rid on an Ass through a Town when his Father went on Foot at which sight the People shouted and cried shame that a young Boy should ride and let his Father an old man go on Foot whereupon the old Man got upon the Ass and let his Son go by but when they came to the next Town the People exclaimed against the Father that he a lusty man should ride and have no more pity of his young and tender child but let him go on foot Then both the Father and his Son got upon the Ass and coming to the third Town the People blamed them both for being so unconscionable as to over-burden the poor Ass with their heavy weight After this both Father and Son went on foot and led the Ass and when they came to the fourth Town the People railed as much at them as ever the former had done and called them both Fools for going on foot when they had a Beast able to carry them The old Man seeing he could not please Mankind in any manner and having received so many blemishes and aspersions for the sake of his Ass was at last resolved to drown him when he came to the next bridg But I am not so passionate to burn by Writings for the various humours of Mankind and for their finding fault since there is nothing in this world be it the noblest and most commendable action whatsoever that
obstructions and hinderances yet as he undertook it chearfully and out of pure Loyalty and Obedience to His Majesty so he ordered it so wisely that so long as he acted by his own Counsels and was personally present at the execution of his Designs he was always prosperous in his Success And although he had so great an Army as aforementioned yet by his wise and prudent Conduct there appear'd no visible sign of devastation in any of the Countreys where he marched for first he setled a constant Rule for the Regular levy of money for the convenient Maintenance of the Soldiery Next he constituted such Officers of his Army that most of them were known to be Gentlemen of large and fair Estates which drew a good part of their private Revenues to serve and support them in their publick Employments wherein my Lord did lead them the way by his own good Example To which may be added his wisdom in ordering the Government of the Church for the advancement of the Orthodox Religion and suppression of Factions as also in Coyning Printing Knighting and the like which he used with great discretion and prudence onely for the Interest of His Majesty and the benefit of the Kingdom as formerly has been mentioned The Prudent mannage of his private and domestick affairs appears sufficiently 1. In his Marriage 2. In the ordering and increasing his Estate before the Wars which notwithstanding his Noble House-keeping and Hospitality and his Generous Bounty and Charity he increased to the value of 100000 l. 3. In the ordering his Affairs in the time of Banishment where although he received not the least of his own estate during all the time of his exile until his return yet maintained himself handsomely and nobly according to his Quality as much as his Condition at that time would permit 4. In reducing his torn and ruined Estate after his return which beyond all probability himself hath setled and order'd so that his Posterity will have reason gratefully to remember it In short Although my Lord naturally loves not business especially those of State though he understands them as well as any body yet what business or affairs he cannot avoid none will do them better then himself His private affairs he orders without any noise or trouble not over-hastily but wisely Neither is he passionate in acting of business but hears patiently and orders soberly and pierces into the heart or bottom of a business at the first encounter but before all things he considers well before he undertakes a business whether he be able to go through it or no for he never ventures upon either publick or private business beyond his strength And here I cannot forbear to mention that my Noble Lord when he was in banishment presumed out of his Duty and Love to his Gracious Master our now Soveraign King Charles the Second to write and send him a little Book or rather a Letter wherein he delivered his Opinion concerning the Government of his Dominions whensoever God should be pleased to restore him to his Throne together with some other Notes and Observations of Foreign States and Kingdoms but it being a private offer to His sacred Majesty I dare not presume to publish it 5. Of His Blessings ALthough my Lord hath been one of the most Unfortunate Persons of his Rank and Quality which this later age did produce yet Heaven hath been so propitious to him that it bestowed some blessings upon him even in the midst of his Misfortunes and supported him against Fortunes Malice which otherwise as it seems had designed his total ruine and destruction Of these Blessings I may name in the first place 1. The Royal Favours of His Gracious Soveraign's and the good esteem they had of his Fidelity and Loyalty which as it was the chief of his endeavours so he esteemed it above all the rest To repeat them particularly would be too tedious and they are sufficiently apparent out of the precedent History onely this I may add that King Charles the First out of a singular Favour to my Lord was pleased upon his most humble request to create several Noble-men the Names of them left I commit an offence I shall not mention by reason most men usually pretend such claimes upon the Ground of their own Merit 2. That God was pleased to bless him with Wealth and Power to enable him the better for the service of his King and Country 3. That he made him happy in his Marriage for his first Wife was a very kind loving and Virtuous Lady and bless'd him with Dutiful and Obedient Children free from Vices Noble and Generous both in ther Natures and Actions who did all that lay in their power to support and relieve my Lord their Father in his Banishment as before is mentioned 4. The Kindness and Civility which my Lord received from Strangers and the Inhabitants of those places where he lived during the time of his Banishment for had it not been for them he would have perished in his extream wants but it pleased God so to provide for him that although he wanted an Estate yet he wanted not Credit and although he was banished and forsaken by his own Friends and Country-men yet he was civilly received and relieved by strangers until God bless'd him Lastly With a happy return to his Native Country his dear Children and his own Estate which although he found much ruined and broke yet by his Prudence and Wisdom hath order'd as well as he could and I hope and pray God to add this blessing to all the rest That he may live long to encrease it for the benefit of his Posterity 6. Of his Honours and Dignities THe Honours Titles and Dignities which were conferr'd upon my Lord by King Iames King Charles the First and King Charles the Second partly as an encouragement for future Service and a Reward for past are following 1. He was made Knight of the Bath when he was but 15 or 16 years of Age at the Creation of Henry Prince of Wales King Iames's Eldest Son 2. King Iames Created him Viscount Mansfield and Baron of Bolsover 3. King Charles the First constituted him Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire and 4. Lord Warden of the Forrest of Sherwood as also 5. Lord Lieutenant of Derby-shire 6. He chose him Governour to His Son Charles our now gracious King and 7. Made him one of his Honourable Privy Council 8. He constituted him Governour of the Town and County of Newcastle and General of all His Majesties Forces raised and to be raised in the Northern parts of England as also of the several Counties of Nottingham Lincoln Rutland Derby Stafford Leicester Warwick Northampton Huntington Cambridg Norfolk Sussex Essex and Hereford together with all the Appurtenances belonging to so great a Power as is formerly declared 9. He conferr'd upon him the Honour and Title of Earl of Newcastle and Baron of Bothal and Hepple 10. He created him Marquess of Newcastle 11. His
and one daughter whereof the eldest son Thomas since the Restauration of King Charles the Second was restored to the Dignity of his Ancestors viz. Duke of Norfolk next to the Royal Family the first Duke of England And this is briefly the Pedigree of my dear Lord and Husband from his Grandfather by his Fathers side concerning his Kindred and alliances by his Mother who was Katherine Daughter to Cuthbert Lord Ogle they are so many that it is impossible for me to enumerate them all My Lord being by his Mother related to the chief of the most ancient Families of Northumberland and other the Northern parts onely this I may mention that My Lord is a Peer of the Realm from the first year of King Edward the Fourth his Reign THE FOURTH BOOK Containing several Essays and Discourses Gather'd from the Mouth of MY NOBLE LORD and HVSBAND With some few Notes of mine own I have heard My Lord say I. THat those which command the Wealth of a Kingdom command the hearts and hands of the People II. That He is a great Monarch who hath a Soveraign Command over Church Laws and Armes and He a wise Monarch that imploys his subjects for their own profit for their profit is his encourages Tradesmen and assists and defends Merchants III. That it is a part of Prudence in a Commonwealth or Kingdom to encourage drayners for drowned Lands are onely fit to maintain and encrease some wild Ducks whereas being drained they are able to afford nourishment and food to Cattel besides the producing of several sorts of Fruit and Corn. IV. That without a well order'd force a Prince doth but reign upon the courtesie of others V. That great Princes should not suffer their chief Cities to be stronger then themselves VI. That great Princes are half-armed when their subjects are unarmed unless it be in time of Foreign Wars VII That that Prince is richest who is Master of the Purse and he strongest that is Master of the Armes and he wisest that can tell how to save the one and use the other VIII That Great Princes should be the onely Pay-Masters of their Soldiers and pay them out of their own Treasuries for all men follow the Purse and so they 'l have both the Civil and Martial Power in their hands IX That Great Monarchs should rather study men then Books for all affairs or business are amongst Men. X. That a Prince should advance Foreign Trade or Traffick to the utmost of his Power because no State or Kingdom can be Rich without it and where Subjects are poor the Soveraign can have but little XI That Trade and Traffick brings Honey to the Hive that is to say Riches to the Commonwealth whereas other Professions are so far from that that they rather rob the Commonwealth instead of enriching it XII That it is not so much unseasonable Weather that makes the Countrey complain of Scarcity but want of Commerce for whensoever Commodities are cheap it is a sign that Commerce is decayed because the cheapness of them shews a scarcity of money for example put the case five men came to Market to buy a Horse and each of them had no more but ten pounds the Seller can receive no more then what the Buyer has but must content himself with those ten pounds if he be necessitated to sell his Horse But if each one of the Buyers had an hundred pounds to lay out for a Horse the Seller might receive as much Thus Commodities are cheap or dear according to the plenty or scarcity of money and though we had Mynes of Gold and Silver at home and no Traffick into Foreign parts yet we should want necessaries from other Nations which proves that no Nation can live or subsist well without Foreign Trade and Commerce for God and Nature have order'd it so That no particular Nation is provided with all things XIII That Merchants by carrying out more Commodities then they bring in that is to say by selling more then they buy do enrich a State or Kingdom with money that hath none in its own bowels but what Kingdom or State soever hath Mynes of Gold and Silver there Merchants buy more then they sell to furnish and accommodate it with necessary provisions XIV That debasing and setting a higher value upon money is but a present shift of poor and needy Princes and doth more hurt for the future then good for the present XV. That Foraign Commerce causes frequent Voyages and frequent Voyages make skilful and experienced Sea-men and Skilful Seamen are a Brazen Wall to an Island XVI That he is the Powerfullest Monarch that hath the best shipping and that a Prince should hinder his Neighbours as much as he can from being strong at Sea XVII That wise States-men ought to understand the Laws Customes and Trade of the Commonwealth and have good intelligence both of Foraign Transactions and Designs and of Domestick Factions also they ought to have a Treasury and well-furnished Magazine XVIII That it is a great matter in a State or Kingdom to take care of the Education of Youth to breed them so that they may know first how to obey and then how to command and order affairs wisely XIX That it is great Wisdom in a State to breed and train up good States men As first To let them be some time at the Universities Next To put them to the Innes of Court that they may have some knowledg of the Laws of the Land then to send them to travel with some Ambassador in the quality of Secretary and let them be Agents or Residents in Foraign Countreys Fourthly To make them Clerks of the Signet or Council And lastly To make them Secretaries of State or give them some other Employment in State-Affairs XX. That there should be more Praying and less Preaching for much Preaching breeds Faction but much Praying causes Devotion XXI That young people should be frequently Catechised and that Wise Men rather then Learned should be chosen heads of Schools and Colledges XXII That the more divisions there are in Church and State the more trouble and confusion is apt to ensue Wherefore too many Controversies and Disputes in the one and too many Law-Cases and Pleadings in the other ought to be avoided and suppressed XXIII That Disputes and Factions amongst States-men are fore-runners of future disorders if not total ruines XXIV That all Books of Controversies should be writ in Latin that none but the Learned may read them and that there should be no Disputations but in Schools lest it breed Factions amongst the Vulgar for Disputations and Controversies are a kind of Civil War maintained by the Pen and often draw out the sword soon after Also that all Prayer-Books should be writ in the native Language that Excommunications should not be too frequent for every little and petty trespass that every Clergy-man should be kind and loving to his Parishioners not proud and quarrelsome XXV That Ceremony is nothing in
Prudence and assault with Courage and kill their Enemies by Art not trusting their Lives to Chance or Fortune for as a little man with skill may easily kill an ignorant Giant so a small Army that hath experienced Commanders may easily overcome a great Army that hath none L. That Gallant men having no employment for Heroick Actions become lazy as hating any other business whereas Cowards and base persons are onely active and stirring in times of Peace working ill designs to breed Factions and cause disturbances in a Common-wealth LI. That there have been many Questions and Disputes concerning the Governments of Princes as Whether they ought to govern by Love or Fear But the best way of Government is and has alwayes been by just Rewards and Punishments for that State which cannot tell how and when to punish and reward does not know how to govern by reason all the World is governed that way LII That if the ancienr Britains had had skill according to their Courage they might have conquer'd all the World as the Romans did LIII That it would be very beneficial for great Princes to be sometimes present in Courts of Judicature to examine the Causes of their poor Subjects and find out the Extortions and Corruptions of Magistrates and Officers by which glorious Act they would gain much Love and Fame from the People LIV. That it would be very advantagious for Subjects and not in the least prejudicial to the Soveraign to have a general Register in every County for the Entry of all manner of Deeds and Conveyance of Land between party and party and Offices of Record for by this means whosoever buyes would see clearly what Interest and Title there is in any Land he intends to purchase whereby he shall be assur'd that the Sale made to him is good and firm and prevent many Law-suits touching the Title of his Purchase LV. That there should be a Limitation for Law-Suits and that the longest Suit should not last above two Tearms at length not above a Year which would certainly be a great benefit to the Subjects in general though not to Lawyers and though some Polititians object That the more the people is busie about their private Affairs the less time have they to make disturbanee in the publick yet this is but a weak Argument since Law-suits are as apt to breed Factions as any thing else for they bring people into poverty that they know not how to live which must of necessity breed discontent and put them upon ill designs LVI That Power for the most part does more then Wisdom for Fools with Power seem wise whereas wise men without Power seem Fools and this is the reason that the World takes Power for Wisdom and the want of Power for Foolishness LVII That a valiant man will not refuse an honourable Duel nor a wise man fight upon a Fools Quarrel LVIII That men are apt to find fault with each other's actions believing they prove themselves wise in finding fault with their Neighbours LIX That a wise man will draw several occasions to the point of his design as a Burning-Glass doth the several beams of the Sun LX. That although actions may be prudently designed and valiantly performed yet none can warrant the issue for Fortune is more powerful then Prudence and had Caesar not been fortunate his Valour and Prudence would never have gained him so much applause LXI That ill Fortune makes wise and honest men seem Fools and Kanves but good Fortune makes Fools and Knaves seem wise and honest men LXII That ill Fortune doth oftner succeed good then good Fortune succeeds ill for those that have ill Fortune do not so easily recover it as those that have good Fortune are apt to lose it LXIII That he had observed That seldom any person did laugh but it was at the follies or misfortunes of other men by which we may judg of their good natures LXIV I have heard my Lord say That when he was in Banishment He had nothing left him but a clear Conscience by which he had and did still conquer all the Armies of misfortunes that ever seized upon him LXV Also I have heard him say That he was never beholding to Lady Fortune for he had suffered on both sides although he never was but on one side LXVI I have heard him say That his Father one time upon some discourse of expences should tell him It was but just that every man should have his time LXVII I have heard my Lord say That bold soliciting and intruding men shall gain more by their importunate Petitions then modest honest men shall get by silence as being loath to offend or be too troublesome both in the manner and matter of their requests The reason is said he That Great Princes will rather grant sometimes an unreasonable suit then be tired with frequent Petitions and hindered from their ordinary Pleasures And when I asked my Lord whether the Grants of such importunate suits were fitly and properly placed He answered Not so well as those that are placed upon due consideration and upon trial and proof LXVIII I have heard my Lord say That it is a great Error and weak Policy in a State to advance their Enemies and endeavour to make them friends by bribing them with Honours and Offices saying They are shrewd men and may do the State much hurt And on the otherside to neglect their Friends and those that have done them great service saying they are Honest men and mean the State no harm For this kind of Policy comes from the Heathen who pray'd to the Devil and not to God by reason they supposed God was Good and would hurt no Creature but the Devil they flatter'd and worshipp'd out of fear lest he should hurt them But by this foolish Policy said he they most commonly encrease their Enemies and lose their Friends for first it teaches men to observe that the onely way to Preferment is to be against the State or Government Next Since all that are Factious cannot be rewarded or preferr'd by reason a State hath more Subjects then Rewards or Preferments there must of necessity be numerous Enemies for when their hopes of Reward fail them they grow more Factious and Inveterate then ever they were at first Wherefore the best Policy in a State or Government said my Lord is to reward Friends and punish Enemies and prefer the Honest before the Factious and then all will be real Friends and profer their honest service either out of pure Love and Loyalty or in hopes of Advancement seeing there is none but by serving the State LXIX I have heard him say several times That his love to his gracious Master King Charles the Second was above the love he bore to his Wife Children and all his Posterity nay to his own life And when since His Return into England I answer'd him That I observed His Gracious Master did not love him so well as he lov'd Him