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there_o be_v a_o war_n between_o his_o majesty_n the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o lewis_z the_o french_a king_n among_o other_o warlike_a preparation_n that_o the_o french_a king_n do_v make_v he_o do_v set_v forth_o a_o ship_n call_v the_o loyal_a clencarty_n that_o the_o prisoner_n at_o the_o bar_n as_o a_o false_a traitor_n do_v listen_v himself_o aboard_o this_o ship_n and_o on_o the_o high-sea_n about_o eleven_o league_n from_o deal_n do_v traitorous_o aid_v the_o king_n enemy_n to_o take_v the_o king_n ship_n this_o be_v say_v to_o be_v against_o the_o duty_n of_o his_o allegiance_n and_o the_o peace_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n he_o stand_v further_a indict_v for_o that_o he_o the_o say_a thomas_n vaughan_n with_o several_a other_o false_a traitor_n do_v levy_v war_n and_o arm_v themselves_o with_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a and_o be_v cruise_v on_o the_o high-sea_n off_o of_o deal_n with_o a_o intent_n to_o take_v the_o 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in_o their_o be_v take_v sam._n oldham_n i_o can_v tell_v that_o i_o see_v no_o arms._n mr._n cowper_n you_o be_v in_o the_o action_n be_v there_o any_o resistance_n make_v sam._n oldham_n i_o see_v no_o resistance_n they_o offer_v to_o run_v they_o be_v aground_o once_o and_o get_v off_o again_o mr._n phipps_n you_o say_v there_o be_v foreigner_n what_o countryman_n do_v you_o believe_v those_o foreigner_n to_o be_v sam._n oldham_n i_o can_v just_o say_v i_o believe_v dutchman_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n how_o many_o dutchman_n be_v there_o sam._n oldham_n i_o can_v say_v dr._n oldish_a but_o you_o say_v there_o be_v some_o two_o or_o three_o frenchman_n and_o that_o they_o speak_v french_a do_v you_o understand_v french_a sam._n oldham_n no_o sir_n dr._n oldish_a then_o how_o do_v you_o know_v they_o be_v frenchman_n and_o speak_v french_a sam._n oldham_n they_o say_v they_o be_v they_o do_v not_o speak_v english_a several_a of_o the_o ship_n company_n say_v they_o be_v french_a l._n c._n j._n holt._n if_o they_o be_v all_o dutchman_n and_o appear_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n subject_n they_o be_v enemy_n though_o we_o be_v in_o league_n with_o holland_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o seven_o prince_n mr._n phipps_n the_o indictment_n run_v that_o the_o french_a king_n quantum_fw-la naviculam_fw-la vocat_fw-la the_o loyal_a clancarty_n cum_fw-la quam_fw-la plurimis_fw-la subditis_fw-la gallicis_fw-la inimicis_fw-la dei_fw-la domâ—_n nunc_fw-la ad_fw-la numerum_fw-la quid_fw-la 〈◊〉_d personarum_fw-la replet_n preparavit_fw-la l._n c._n j._n holt._n suppose_v it_o do_v mr._n phipps_n it_o be_v subditis_fw-la gallicis_fw-la my_o lord_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n they_o will_v be_v subject_n in_o that_o matter_n if_o they_o act_v under_o his_o commission_n they_o be_v enemy_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o they_o have_v make_v themselves_o the_o french_a king_n subject_n by_o that_o act._n mr._n phipps_n it_o appear_v not_o that_o they_o be_v frenchman_n my_o lord_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n if_o dutchman_n turn_v rebel_n to_o the_o state_n and_o take_v pay_v of_o the_o french_a king_n they_o be_v under_o the_o french_a king_n command_n and_o so_o be_v his_o subject_n will_v you_o make_v they_o pirate_n when_o they_o act_v under_o the_o commission_n of_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n they_o be_v then_o subditi_fw-la to_o he_o and_o so_o inimice_n to_o we_o mr._n phipps_n it_o do_v not_o take_v away_o their_o allegiance_n to_o their_o lawful_a prince_n they_o may_v go_v to_o the_o french_a king_n and_o serve_v he_o yet_o that_o do_v not_o transfer_v their_o allegiance_n from_o their_o lawful_a prince_n to_o the_o french_a king_n and_o make_v they_o his_o subject_n but_o however_o to_o make_v they_o subject_n within_o this_o indictment_n they_o must_v be_v gallici_fw-la subditi_fw-la so_o they_o must_v be_v frenchmen_n as_o well_o as_o subject_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n act_v by_o virtue_n of_o a_o commission_n from_o the_o french_a king_n will_v excuse_v they_o from_o be_v pirate_n though_o not_o from_o be_v traitor_n to_o their_o own_o state_n but_o to_o all_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n against_o who_o they_o do_v any_o act_n of_o hostility_n they_o be_v enemy_n and_o their_o serve_v under_o the_o french_a king_n commission_n make_v they_o his_o subject_n as_o to_o all_o other_o but_o their_o own_o prince_n or_o state_n and_o though_o they_o be_v not_o frenchmen_n yet_o they_o be_v gallici_fw-la subditi_fw-la for_o it_o be_v the_o french_a subjection_n that_o make_v they_o to_o be_v gallici_fw-la subditi_fw-la mr._n phipps_n pray_v my_o lord_n suppose_v a_o subject_a of_o spain_n shall_v go_v over_o to_o the_o french_a and_o fight_v against_o england_n i_o take_v it_o he_o may_v be_v term_v a_o enemy_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n though_o his_o prince_n be_v in_o league_n with_o we_o but_o with_o submission_n he_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o subject_a of_o the_o french_a king_n for_o suppose_v a_o indictment_n of_o treason_n against_o a_o foreigner_n shall_v say_v that_o he_o be_v a_o subject_a do_v commit_v treason_n and_o it_o be_v prove_v he_o be_v not_o a_o subject_a with_o submission_n he_o must_v be_v acquit_v mr._n cowper_n there_o be_v a_o local_a allegiance_n while_o he_o be_v in_o the_o country_n or_o fleet_n or_o army_n of_o the_o french_a king_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n dutchman_n may_v be_v enemy_n notwithstanding_o their_o state_n be_v in_o amity_n with_o we_o if_o they_o act_v as_o enemy_n mr._n cowper_n call_v r._n bub._n he_o be_v swear_v be_v you_o aboard_o the_o coventry_n when_o she_o take_v the_o clancarty_n r._n bub._n yes_o sir_n mr._n cowper_n give_v a_o account_n what_o you_o know_v of_o the_o prisoner_n tho._n vaughan_n at_o the_o take_n of_o that_o ship_n r._n bub._n we_o come_v aboard_o the_o coventry_n and_o be_v at_o the_o north_n at_o anchor_n our_o pennant_n be_v take_v down_o to_o be_v mend_v so_o in_o the_o 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justice_n turton_n what_o countryman_n be_v you_o rob._n french_a i_o be_o a_o irishman_n bear_v l._n c._n j._n holt._n his_o father_n acknowledge_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o irishman_n bear_v do_v he_o not_o rob._n french_a no_o my_o lord_n he_o do_v not_o say_v where_o he_o be_v bear_v i_o do_v not_o know_v mr._n justice_n turton_n have_v you_o continue_v any_o acquaintance_n with_o mr._n vaughan_n since_o how_o long_o do_v you_o stay_v at_o st._n christopher_n rob._n french_a i_o stay_v but_o four_o and_o twenty_o hour_n to_o take_v in_o water_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n how_o long_o be_v it_o after_o this_o before_o you_o see_v this_o
the_o first_o article_n viz._n compass_v and_o imagine_v of_o the_o king_n death_n for_o overt-act_n seem_v to_o be_v oppose_v to_o something_o of_o a_o contrary_a nature_n act_n be_v oppose_v proper_o to_o thought_n overt_a be_v proper_o oppose_v to_o secret_a and_o that_o sort_n of_o treason_n consist_v in_o secret_a thought_n and_o internal_a purpose_n can_v be_v know_v try_v and_o judge_v of_o without_o be_v disclose_v and_o manifest_v by_o some_o external_a open_a act_n wherefore_o it_o be_v pertinent_a and_o reasonable_a in_o order_n to_o attaint_v a_o man_n of_o such_o treason_n that_o the_o indictment_n shall_v charge_v and_o set_v forth_o the_o act_n as_o well_o as_o the_o thought_n and_o so_o it_o have_v be_v use_v to_o be_v do_v but_o such_o order_n or_o manner_n do_v not_o seem_v so_o natural_a or_o necessary_a in_o frame_v indictment_n for_o other_o treason_n where_o the_o treason_n consist_v in_o visible_a or_o discernible_a fact_n as_o levy_v war_n etc._n etc._n 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be_v four_o 1._o compass_v etc._n etc._n 2._o violate_v the_o queen_n etc._n etc._n 3._o levy_v war_n and_o 4._o this_o of_o adhere_v etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o it_o be_v hardly_o possible_a to_o set_v forth_o any_o overt_a act_n concern_v the_o 2_o d._n otherwise_o than_o in_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n that_o article_n express_v so_o particular_a a_o fact_n i_o do_v observe_v also_o that_o these_o word_n be_v thereof_o attaint_v by_o overt_a fact_n do_v in_o this_o statute_n immediate_o follow_v this_o article_n of_o adhere_v etc._n etc._n and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a violence_n to_o construe_v they_o to_o refer_v to_o the_o first_o article_n only_o and_o not_o to_o this_o last_o to_o which_o they_o be_v thus_o connect_v if_o they_o be_v to_o be_v restrain_v to_o a_o single_a article_n it_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o construe_v to_o refer_v they_o to_o this_o of_o adhere_v only_o l._n c._n j._n holt._n that_o which_o i_o insist_v on_o be_v this_o whether_o the_o indictment_n will_v be_v good_a without_o express_v the_o special_a overt-act_n if_o it_o be_v than_o this_o be_v a_o surplusage_n and_o we_o be_v not_o confine_v to_o it_o but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o good_a indictment_n without_o express_v it_o than_o we_o be_v confine_v to_o it_o mr._n phipps_n i_o believe_v mr._n solicitor_n never_o see_v a_o indictment_n of_o this_o kind_n without_o a_o overt-act_n lay_v in_o it_o l._n c._n j._n holt._n can_v you_o prove_v the_o fact_n lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n for_o certain_o the_o indictment_n without_o mention_v particular_a act_n of_o adherance_n will_v not_o be_v good_a mr._n cowper_n yes_o my_o lord_n and_o as_o to_o the_o evidence_n before_o you_o we_o will_v only_o offer_v this_o whether_o in_o this_o case_n if_o the_o indictment_n be_v lay_v general_o for_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n in_o one_o place_n and_o in_o another_o place_n levy_v of_o war_n and_o nothing_o more_o particular_a it_o will_v be_v 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nation_n exit_fw-la ore_fw-la duorum_fw-la vel_fw-la trium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o one_o witness_n be_v no_o witness_n sir_n ch._n hedges_n two_o witness_n may_v be_v necessary_a to_o convict_v a_o man_n of_o any_o capital_a crime_n but_o than_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o there_o must_v be_v two_o witness_n to_o prove_v every_o particular_a fact_n and_o circumstance_n in_o this_o point_n touch_v the_o place_n of_o the_o nativity_n of_o thomas_n vaughan_n be_v there_o not_o sufficient_a in_o his_o own_o confession_n together_o with_o the_o other_o proof_n on_o the_o king_n behalf_n to_o throw_v the_o burden_n of_o proof_n upon_o the_o prisoner_n you_o yourselves_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v of_o that_o opinion_n you_o undertake_v to_o prove_v it_o and_o it_o be_v you_o that_o have_v fail_v in_o that_o particular_a l._n c._n j._n holt._n our_o trial_n by_o jury_n be_v of_o such_o consideration_n in_o our_o law_n that_o we_o allow_v their_o determination_n to_o be_v the_o best_a and_o 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novelle_fw-fr and_o in_o take_v and_o secure_v therewith_o a_o ship_n call_v the_o joseph_n and_o isaac_n of_o london_n belong_v to_o english_a subject_n and_o thereupon_o he_o be_v find_v guilty_a and_o receive_v sentence_n of_o death_n as_o in_o case_n of_o high-treason_n the_o commission_n of_o capt._n tho._n vaughan_n which_o he_o have_v by_o order_n of_o the_o french_z king_n lewis_z alexander_z of_o bourbon_n earl_n of_o toulouse_n duke_n of_o amville_n commander_n of_o the_o king_n order_n governor_n and_o lieutenant-general_n for_o his_o majesty_n in_o the_o province_n of_o brittany_n peer_n and_o admiral_n of_o france_n to_o all_o those_o who_o shall_v see_v these_o present_a letter_n greeting_n the_o king_n have_v declare_v war_n against_o his_o catholic_n majesty_n the_o favourer_n of_o the_o of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n for_o the_o reason_n contain_v in_o the_o declaration_n publish_v by_o his_o 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