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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54990	A description of the province of New Albion and a direction for adventurers with small stock to get two for one, and good land freely, and for gentlemen, and all servants, labourers, and artificers to live plentifully : and a former description re-printed of the healthiest, pleasantest, and richest plantation of New Albion in north Virginia, proved by thirteen witnesses : together with a letter from Master Robert Evelin, that lived there many years, shewing the particularities, and excellency thereof : with a briefe of the charge of victuall, and necessaries, to transport and buy stock for each planter, or labourer, there to get his master 50 l. per annum, or more in twelve trades, and at 10 l. charges onely a man.	Plantagenet, Beauchamp.; Evelyn, Robert, 17th cent.	1648 (1648)	Wing P2378; ESTC R10729	28,128	32

Belgium by 5 years living an Officer in Ireland and this last 7 years in America his studie and suits at home and abroad enabling his impartiall and infallible judgement of Judicature and certainly his perfect knowledge of his 23 Indian Kings under the command of this our Lord Royall as of his good and bad neighbours their power wealth and weaknesse English Aliens and Indians appears by his notes and books where none of their treacheries plots conspiracies haltings and villanies their Antagonists their numbers and abilities the advantage of our armes and fights and stratagerns are as Greek phalanges and they as Romane Manuples and enemies to side with and how to quiet and regain kill or surprise them is not expressed What Port Bay and soundings Creek river rock quarries of stone slat Iron mines Gum-Dragoon Lead Gold and Silver Alablaster Terras Bolarmack red soap earth Terra-lemnia Diers ware Hearbs and Plants and their use Ocar Rudle Cinnaber for quicksilver and Vermilion is not in particular Cards by compasse and scale in books with the trials and witnesses recorded What land and sea profit fishing place for salt Potas Dies Fruits Hearbs and Plants clear Fields great Plains fine and thick Grasse Marshes necks of land rich black moulded countries for Tobacco Flaxe Rice choice Trees and Timber for Shipping and Pipestaves Masts Yards Pitch Tar sheltred places for Grapes and Fruits Cotten in Cotten river invincible places by nature others by a little charge and fort to be made impregnable is not in this huge and waste Province being 1000 mile compasse delineated and what Law or Policy and summary Justice Courts of Law Equity Appeals Awards or references fit to compose differences reconcile debates to unite hearts to settle the factious and seditious in any other English Colonies or Countries and fit for our Justice is not explained Therefore my good Lords and Adventurers since I speak of knowledge by view and certain reports of wise and knowing men I shall joy and congratulate with you all in so able sufficient and honourable a Governour happily to rule to defend and doe us justice a tried and seasoned man and excellent Pilot in all this Land and Seas not afeard in person as a true Captain Generall by Land and Sea to leade and settle us by Boat Horse or Foot as able and willing as any of the meanest and therfore I think at first it most materiall to expresse the Law Statutes and Judgements and Acts of Parliament of Counts and Count Palatines and County Palatines and of our Province and County Palatine Liberties and the ancient family 1200 year from the Saxons in England of our Earl Palatine his pedegree and alliance And since according as other Palatines as he of Chester and Duresme made their Barons and Knights as therein many are yet living you my Lord have begun to honour first your own children I tender my best respects unto your Lps sonne and heir apparant Francis Lord Ployden Baron of Mount Royall D. Governour and to Thomas Lord Ployden Baron of Roymont High Admirall and to the Lady Winefrid Baronesse of Vvedale the pattern of mildnesse and modesty and to the Lady Barbara Baronesse of Ritchneck the mirrour of wit and beauty and to the Lady Katherine Baronesse of Princeport that pretty babe of grace whose fair hands I kisse hoping on your Lordships invitation C. C. T. and your two Baronets L. and M. to get them as they promised to goe with us I hope to get your Knights and 200 Planters on this side ready And thus with tender of my service to your Lordships and all the Company I rest Your humblest servant BEAUCHAMP PLANTAGENET Middleboro this 5 of Decemb. 1648. THE CONTENTS OF THE severall Chapters Chap. 1. OF Counts or Earls created and County Palatines and of our Province and County Palatine Liberties and the ancient Family 1200 years of our Earle Palatine from the Saxons in England his pedegree and alliance Ch. 2. His Majesty and his Auncestors just title and actuall possession of these Countries of some Aliens and Pirats in landing and disinheriting the English Crown and of bad English and Fugitives to them adhering the just cause and excuse to expel them Ch. 3. The Description of Master Robert Evelin and 13 witnesses printed 7 years since and now re-printed Ch. 4. The more large and exact Description and Declaration of many things these last seven years the bounds of all to it adjoyning of Virginia Maryland New England and Answer to Objections of bounds The number of the present inhabitants and their Cattell in this Province 1000 miles compasse the number of Indians Ch. 5. What Cargason is necessary to transport for the Lord of a Manor or to trade or truck with the Indians Ch. 6. Our present staple commodities how oft a man transported and stockt to make of his 100 acres 50 or 70 per annum CHAP. I. FOr the first creation of Earls in the Saxons time and since by the Norman Kings in England I refer you to that learned Antiquary Master Selden his Book who writeth at large in his Book of Titles and Honours as well of this as of forain Nations But there you shall finde Records cited and Earls made both by Privy Signet and Privy Seal without the Great Seal And they were not then meerly titulary and nominall without Interest Power and Judicature as now they are commonly all except the Earle of Arundell who still is a locall feodall Earl by possession of the Castle and of some Rapes or Liberties for the Lord Lumley not long since for some yeares being possessed thereof was for such time Earle of Arundell and that Earledome is confirmed and so adjudged with his honour and precedency by the house of Peers entred both in the Parliament and Court of Honour Rols and the Royall Grant was Do tibi Comitatum tertiam partem profitucrum unde Comes est And he made the Sheriffe or his Vicount or Deputy and the County Court was his and it was an honour and office both with the County and assignable the assignee enjoying the County honour and office as in Master Seldens Booke is cited in their Patents and was not so many large words for his Title and Peerage as is now used But in the Reports 9 Iacobi of Sir Iohn Davis in the case of the County Palatine and in the Fourth Part of the Institutes of Sir Edward Coke of Jurisdiction of Courts of the three County Palatines yet in England you may see Acts of Parliament Judgements and full matter shewing That there were Comites Palatini of the first and higher ranke which had in their Territories absolute command in Martiall civill and criminall matters with all Royalties and Regalities which the second order of titulary or nominall Earls had not both in the Saxons and Normans time long before the title of Duke Marquesse or Vicount were here granted Secondly Comes Palatinus was Comes Palatii being a chief Councell and

Companion to the Emperour or King Comes Curarum Par extans Curis solo diademate dispar That in Chester Durham Lancaster and Pembroke were made Earl Palatines and County Palatines and in Ireland in Lemster Earl Strongbows Sir Hugh de Lacy in Meth to Sir Hugh de Lacy the younger in Vister That William Marshall marying Earl Strongbows daughter had by her five daughters So as the Province of Lemster descending to them it was divided into five Counties to each of them one County Palatine That Bracton the ancientest of Lawyers averres Earl Palatines have regall power in all things saving Liegance to the King Hugh Lupus by the Conquerour was made Earl Palatine of the County of Chester as free to the sword as the King to the Crown and the Palatine of Chester made Barons the Baron of Haulton the Baron of Malbanck the Baron Malpas the Baron of Kinderton and in Lancaster the Baron of Walton in Durham the Baron of Hilton and in Meth Magnates and Barons Baron de Streene Baron de Nuven Baron de Baltrim Baron de la Narrow Baron de Rheban in Kildare the Baron Idrone in Caterlogh the Baron of Burn-Church in Kilkenny Baron of Nevill in Wexford Baron of Loughmo in Tiperary Baron Misset and Baron Savage in Vlster That these Earles Palatines had Parliaments made tenures in Capite and grand Serjancy and the tenants sued out Licence of Alienations and all Writs and Pleas Officers Chancelours Judges and that none of the Kings Officers could enter there or that the Kings Writs neither at Law or Chancery did lie or run there and that the County Palatine was thereby absolutely severed from the Crowne That the County Palatine of Lancaster was created by that of Chester and to Chester was annexed his conquered small County of Flint in Wales and made besides the four above foure other Barons Vernon of Saybrook Hammond de Massi Baron of Durham and the Barons of Hawardin and Stockport and in other Antiquities Cornwall Baron of Burford in Shropshire That any Manors or Lands lying out of the County Palatine if held thereof and the pleas of the inhabitants there arising shall bee tried within the County Palatine Thomas and Hugh Count Palatines both and both Bishops pleaded and returned to the Kings Writs I am a Lord Royall here the Kings Writs doe not run here The eldest sisters son by descent after her mother was Earl Palatine of Pembroke And the Law Reports and Abridgements shew they made Knights and as Knights were to be impleaded Divers statutes shew Durham and the Earle Palatines Mints Durham pence yet extant The Earl Palatines had in their Counties Iura Regalia as the King had in his Palace c. In the Lord Lovels Case the name or title of a Baron is no name of dignity or addition 8 H. 6. 10. but Earl is parcell of his name and of the substance of his name and if it be left out of the Writ the Writ shall abate 39 E. 3. 35. the case of Gilbert Vmfrevill Earl of Angus and 14 E. 3. Brief 278. the case of Hugh de Audley Earle of Gloucester yet note Master Burlacy for not calling the Lord Mohun Lord but Mohun was committed to prison and note in a Star-chamber Bill the Lord Verulam his widow marrying Sir Iohn Vnderhill was called and charged as my Lady Vnderhill the late wife of Vicount Verulam and not being called Vicountesse the Bill was cast out and a Fine for dishonour imposed Now there be four other Lord Proprietors that have Palatine jurisdiction granted and Provinces in the West-India Isles Florida and Maryland and as free as the Bishop of Durham had but none have a speciall creation of an Earle Palatine but ours of New Albion nor have they the words with such Additions Titles Dignities and Priviledges as either Durham or any other had nor any speciall grant to coin money in that of Maryland speciall Resort or Soveraign Dominion which is a Court of Appeal as in the case of King E. the third and his son E. in Aquitany with free fishing and wood for houses and to set up fishing stages is reserved Else all the Lord Proprietors have all the like Royalties and Regalities and all these 11 H. 6. in a long Roll particularly expressed are confirmed by Parliament to the Bishop of Durham and so thereby to all the Lord Proprietors And all of them have a speciall clause to give to the well deserving inhabitants in those Provinces Titles Honour and Dignities so as they be not the same used in England Now though some question is made whether the other four Lord Proprietors can make Barons or any Knights in their Provinces because such Honours and Titles of Barons and Knights are used here but there is no question or doubt in the Province of New Albion our Lord being an Earle Palatine 16 years standing as free as Chester and Pembroke or Lacy OF Strongbow in Ireland by that second power according to the judged cases in Law and in Parliament may make Provinciall locall and fewdall Barons as the 19 above named and make Knight Batchelours though here used to have precedency as others have had heretofore though his intended order of Knights of the Conversion of Albion is more proper And for our Earle Palatines Honour and Peerage in Ireland and to make his Proxy in his absence in that House of Peers there with all suh Honor and Titles Precedency to him his Countesse and children in all places as an Irish Earl the speciall Decree and Clauses in the Charter doth fully warrant it All the Civilians Pleaders in the Court of Honour and two Serjeants of the Coife at Law nine in number have certified it and enrolled on record and is exemplified under the seal the Baronets of Nova Scotia being President for the like case And note both the King of France and this our King have made Barons and Knights Hollanders that have precedency there before other the subjects there But to answer an Objection of some not truly informed and mistaken conceiving that our Earle Palatine might in his Countrey onely and no where else have his Honour Title and Precedency I answer that our Soveraign Lord King Charles as Emperour of England under his Privy Signet signed with his Royall hand so granted and created him which alone had been sufficient as others have been made in Master Seldens Book Records and Presidents mentioned but being farther with speciall Clauses and Decree and speciall Creation so made and particularly granted that both by Tenure and Dependency and that this Province shall be of the Liegance of Ireland and all there born to be free Denizens thereof and under his Majesties Great Seal there is no doubt or question thereof For he is no Alien Earl made by an Alien King as Copply by the French King Duke Dudley and Count Arundell by the Emperour but by our own King the fountain of

when the Spaniard and Portugall discovered and possest 140 years since the East-Indies Brasill the South part of America the Charibees and Antell Isles and seated Saint Iohn de porto Rico Hispanicla Iamaica and Cuba and the Fort and Port of Havanah against the Gulf and Current Batuana Isles and point of Florida then that most powerfull and richest King of Europe King Henry the seventh of England sent out an English man born in Bristoll called Cabot granted under his Great Seale to him all places and countries by him to be discovered and possest who then beginning at Cape Florida discovered entred on took possession set up crosses and procured atturnment and acknowledgement of the Indian Kings to his then Majesty as Head Lord and Emperour of the South-west America all along that coast both in Florida from 20 degrees to 35 where old Virginia in 35 and 30 minutes 65 years since was seated by 5 severall Colonies about Croatan Cape Haloraske and Rawleys Isle by Sir Walter Rawley who had from Queen Elizabeth that place and two hundred leagues from it in all places adjoyning Sir Richard Greenfield Sir Ralph Lane and Master White his partners s●ating and fortifying there the said Cabot farther taking possession in 37 of that part called Virginia and Chisapeack Bay being now his Majesties Demesne Colony of Virginia and of the next great Bay in or neer 39 called now by the Dutch Cape Henlopen the south river and by us Cape Iames and Delaware Bay of the Baron of Delawares name being then Governour of Virginia who by Sir Thomas Dale and Sir Samuel Argoll 40 yeares since took possession and atturnment of the Indian Kings and 60 years since Sir Walter Rawley seated and left 30 men and four peeces of Ordnance at the Creek neer Cape Iames by the Dutch called Horekill by us Ro●mont and by the Indians Cui Achomoca and so the next river by us called Hudsons river of the name of Hudson an English man the discoverer thirty five years since who sold his discovery plots and cards to the Dutch and so Cabot discovered severall rivers and countries all along the coast North-East now called New England and divided in nine severall Governments and further discovered Port Royall and that part called New Scotland set up Crosses where you may see in the French Book called New France the French found an old Crosse all mossy in an eminent place at the head of that Bay and Port and discovered all that coast and New-found-land and that called Terra de Laborador or New Britain as far as the frozen strait of Davis Shortly after one Master Hore in the Reign of King Henry the 8●● renued this actuall possession atturnment of the Indian Kings brought home divers of the chief Indian Kings to England who gave their Homage and Oath of fidelity for these countries to King Henry the eight in person sitting on his Throne in State in his Palace Hall at Westminster Then Virginia being granted settled and all that part now called Maryland New Albion and New Scotland being part of Virginia Sir Thomas Dale and Sir Samuel Argoll Captains and Counsellors of Virginia hearing of divers Aliens and Intruders and Traders without licence with a Vessell and forty soldiers landed at a place called Mount Desert in Nova Scotia neer S. Iohns river or Twede possest by the French there killed some French took away their Guns and dismantled the Fort and in their return landed at Manhatas Isle in Hudsons river where they found four houses built and a pretended Dutch Governour under the West-India Company of Amsterdam share or part who kept trading boats and trucking with the Indians but the said Knights told him their Commission was to expell him and all Aliens Intruders on his Majesties Dominion and Territories this being part of Virginia and this river an English discovery of Hudson and English man the Dutch man contented them for their charge and voiage and by his Letter sent to Virginia and recorded submitted himself Company and Plantation to his Majesty and to the Governour and government of Virginia but the next pretended Dutch Governour in Maps and printed Cards calling this part New Netherland failing in paying of customes at his return to Plymouth in England was there with his Bever goods and person attached to his damage of 1500 l. whereupon at the suit of the Governour and Councell of Virginia his now Majesty by his Embassadour in Holland cōplaining of the said Aliens intrusion on such his Territories Dominions the said Lords the States of Holland by their publique instrument declared That they did not avow nor would protect them being a private party of the Amsterdam West-India Company but left them to his Majesties wil mercy whereupon three severall Orders from the Councell Table and Commissions have been granted for the expelling and removing them thence of which they taking notice and knowing their weaknesse and want of victuals have offered to sell the same for 2500 l. And lastly taking advantage of our present war distractions now ask 7000 l. and have lately offered many affronts damages to his Majestis subjects in New England and in generall endanger all his Majesties adjoyning Countries most wickedly feloniously and traiterously contrary to the Marine and Admirall Laws of all Christians sell by whole sale guns powder shot and ammunition to the Indians instructing them in the use of our fights and arms insomuch as 2000 Indians by them armed Mohacks Raritans and some of Long Isle with their own guns so sold them fall into war with the Dutch destroyed all their scattering Farms and Boors in forcing them all to retire to their Up for t 40 leagues up that river and to Manhatas for all or most retreating to Manhatas it is now a pretty town of trade having more English then Dutch and it is very considerable that three years since Stuy their Governour put out his Declaration confessing that the neighbour English might well be offended with their selling Indians arms and ammunition but being but a few and so scattered they could not live else there or trade the Indians refusing to trade or suffer the Dutch to plow without they would sell them guns The like folly they committed and inconvenience to themselves and all English for eight years since in their West-India Fleet battered by the Spanish Armado they brought home forty Swedish poor soldiers and hearing that Captain Young and Master Evelin had given over their Fort begun at Eriwemeck within Delaware Bay there halfe starved and tottered they left them who learning the Indian language and finding much talk and trials of a gold mine there though in truth fifty shillings charges produced of that light sand but nine shillings in gold and therefore was of Captain Young that tried it slighted yet one Bogot under the Swedes name and Commission there traded to crosse the Dutch of Manhatas and to undersell them and left and seated there

eighteen Swedes who proclaiming a gold mine drew more to them and have gotten a great trade and now this last Summer fifteen Swedes and fifteene Dutch had a skirmish the Swedes pulled down a Dutch trading house and doe both undersell them and spoiled much their and English trading with the Indians both striving to please and side with the Indians both entertaining and refusing to return all English fugitives and servants The Swedes hiring out three of their souldiers to the Sasquehannock● have taught them the use of our arms and fights and marching with them into the Kings owne Colony of Virginia have caried thence the King of Pawtomeck prisoner and expelled his and eight other Indian Nations in Maryland civilized and subject to the English Crown Now if a Proclamation of open war be set out against the Dutch and Swedes for this their villany and all English forbid to trade victuall or relieve them they must both vanish especially if those bad English that live adhere and obey these Aliens in these his Majesties countries be warned of the statute of King Iames of famous memory in these words That all Subjects giving any obedience or acknowledgement to any forain Prince State Pope or Potentate within his Majesties Territories and Dominions in England or beyond the sea is a traitor and shall forfeit and suffer as a traitour And certainly all English and chiefly those of New England being ready in twenty four hours will joyn to expel them both to regain their own trade to get their seates and to be rid of the danger of armed gunning Indians CHAP. II. VVHereas that part of America or North Virginia lying about 39 degrees at Delaware Bay called the Province of new Albion is scituate in the best and same temper and as Italy between too cold Germany and too hot Barbary so this lying just midway betweene New England 200 miles North and Virginia 150 miles South where now are settled 800000 English and 140 ships in trade is freed from the extream cold and barrennesse of the one heat and aguish Marshes of the other is like Lumbardy and a rich fat soil plain and having 34 rivers on the main land 17 great Isles partaketh of the healthiest aire and most excellent commodities of Europe and replenished with the goodliest woods of Oaks and all Timber for ships and Masts Mulberries for silk sweet Cypresse Cedars Pines and Firres 4 sorts of Grapes for wine Raisins with the greatest variety of choice fruits fish fowl stored with all sons of corn yeelding 5 7 and 10 quarters an acre Silkgras salt good Mines and Diers ware 5 sorts of Deer Buffes and huge Elks to plow and work all bringing 3 young at once The Uplands covered many moneths with berries roots chestnuts walnuts Beech and Oak Mast to feed them Hogges and Turkeys 500 in a flock and having neer the Colony of Manteses 400000 acres of plain mead land and meer levell to be flowed and fludded by that river for corn rice rapes flax and hemp After 17 years trading and discovery there and triall made is begun to be planted and stored by the Governour and Company of New Albion consisting of forty four Lords Baronets Knights and Merchants who for the true informing of themselves their friends Adventurers and Partners by Residents and Traders there four severall years out of their Journall Books namely by Captaine Browne a Ship-master and Master Stafford his Mate and by Captain Claybourn 14 years there trading and Constantine his Indian there born and bred and by Master Robert Evelin 4 yeares there yet by eight of their hands subscribed and enrolled doe testifie this to be the true state of the Country of the Land and Delaware Bay or Charles River which is further witnessed by Captain Smith and other books of Virginia and by New Englands Prospect new Canaan Captain Powels Map and other descriptions of New England and Virginia Captain Brown Captain Clayborn Robert Evelin Stafford Constantine Stratton Thomas White Richard Buckham Christoph Thomas Edward Monmouth Tenis Palee Edward Rhodes Peter Rixford Master Evelins Letter Good Madam SIr Edmund our noble Governour and Lord Earl Palatine persisting still in his noble purpose to goe on with his plantation in Delaware or Charles river just midway between New England and Virginia where with my Unckle Young I severall years resided hath often informed himselfe both of me and Master S●rat●on as I perceive by the hands subscribed of Edward Monmouth Tenis Palce and as Master Buckham Master White and other Ship-masters and Saylors whose hands I know and it to be true that there lived and traded with me and is sufficiently instructed of the state of the country and people there and I should very gladly according to his desire have waited on you into Hamshire to have informed your Honour in person had not I next weeke been passing to Virginia But neverthelesse to satisfie you of the truth I thought good to write unto you my knowledge and first to describe you from the North side of Delaware unto Hudsons river in Sir Edmunds Patent called new Albion which lieth just between New England and Maryland and that Ocean sea I take it to be about 160 miles I finde some broken land Isles and Inlets and many small Isles at Egbay But going to Delaware Bay by Cape May which is 24 miles at most and is as I understand very well set out and printed in Captain Powels Map of New England done as is told mee by a draught I gave to M. Daniel the plot-maker which Sir Edmund saith you have at home on that North side about five miles within a port or rode for any ships called the Nook and within it lieth the King of Kechemeches having as I suppose about 50 men and 12 leagues higher a little above the Bay and Bar is the river of Manteses which hath 20 miles on Charles river and 30 miles running up a fair navigable deep river all a flat levell of rich and fat black Marsh mould which I think to be 300000 acres In this Sir Edmund intendeth as he saith to settle and there the King of Manteses hath about 100 Bow-men next above about 6 leagues higher is a fair deep river 12 miles navigable where is Freestone and there over against is the King of Sikonesses and next is Asomo●ches river and King with an hundred men and next is Eriwoneck a King of forty men where we sate down and five miles above is the King of Ramcock with a hundred men and four miles higher the King of Axion with two hundred men and next to him tenne leagues overland an inland King of Calcesar with an hundred fifty men then there is in the midle of Charles river two fair woody Isles very pleasant and fit for Parks the one of a thousand acres the other of fourteen hundred or thereabout And six leagues higher neer a Creek called Mosilian the King having two hundred men And

then we come to the Fals made by a rock of lime-stone as I suppose it is about sixty and five leagues from the sea near to which is an Isle fit for a City all materials there to build and above the river fair and navigable as the Indians inform me for I went but ten miles higher I doe account all the Indians to be eight hundred and are in severall factions and war against the Sasquehannocks and are all extream fearfull of a gun naked and unarmed against our shot swords and pikes I had some bickering with some of them and they are of so little esteem as I durst with fifteen men sit down or trade in despight of them and since my return eighteene Swedes are settled there and so sometime sixe Dutch doe in a boat trade without fear of them I saw there an infinite quantity of Bustards Swans Geese and Fowl covering the shoares as within the like multitude of Pigeons and store of Turkies of which I tried one to weigh forty and sixe pounds There is much variety and plenty of delicate fresh and sea-fish and shell-fish and Whales or Grampus Elks Deere that bring three young at a time and the woods bestrewed many moneths with Chest-nuts Wall-nuts Mast of severall sorts to feed them and Hogs that would increase exceedingly There the barren grounds have four kindes of Grapes and many Mulberries with Ash Elms and the tallest and greatest Pines and Pitch-trees that I have seen There are Cedars Cypresse and Saffafras with wilde fruits pears wilde cherries pine-apples and the dainty Parsemenas And there is no question but Almonds and other fruits of Spain will prosper as in Virginia And which is a good comfort in four and twenty houres you may send or goe by sea to New England or Virginia with a fair winde you may have cattle and from the Indians two thousand barrels of corn at twelve pence a bushell in truck so as victuals are there cheaper and better then to be transported Neither doe I conceive any great need of a Fort or Charge where there is no enemy If my Lord Palatine will bring with him three hundred men or more there is no doubt but that he may doe very well and grow rich for it is a most pure healthfull air such pure wholesome springs rivers and waters as are delightfull of a Desert as can be seen with so many varieties of severall flowers trees and forests for swine So many fair risings and prospects all green and verdant and Maryland a good friend and neighbour in four twenty houres ready to comfort and supply And truly I beleeve my Lord of Baltamore wil be glad of my Lord Palatines Plantation and assistance against any enemy or bad neighbour And if my Lord Palatine employ some men to sow flaxe hemp and rapes in those rich Marishes or build ships and make pipe-staves and load some ships with these wares or fish from the Northward he may have any money ware or company brought him by his own ships or the ships of Virginia or New England all the year And because your Honour is of the noble house of the Pawlets and as I am informed desire to lead many of your friends kindred thither whom as I honour I desire to serve I shall intreat you to beleeve mee as a Gentleman and Christian I write you nothing but the truth and hope there to take opportunity in due season to visit you and doe all the good offices in Virginia my place or friends can serve you in And thus tendring my service I rest Madam Your Honours most humble faithfull servant Robert Evelin CHAP. IV. NOw since Master Elmes letter and seven years discoveries of the Lord Governour in person and by honest traders with the Indians wee finde beside the Indian Kings by him known and printed in this Province there is in all twenty three Indian Kings or chief Commanders and besides the number of 800 by him named there is at least 1200 under the two Raritan Kings on the North side next to Hudsons river and those come down to the Ocean about little Egbay and Sandy Barnogate and about the South cape two small Kings of forty men a piece called Tirans and Tiascons and a third reduced to fourteen men at Roymont the Sasquehannocks are not now of the Naturals left above 110 though with their forced Auxiliaries the Ihon a Does and Wicomeses they can make 250 these together are counted valiant terrible to other cowardly dul Indians wch they beat with the sight of guns only but in truth meeting with English are the basest cowards of all though cunning and subtile to intrap and surprise on all straits coverts reeds and ambushes for at the last Maryland March against them these 250 having surprised in the reeds and killed five English men with the losse of one of theirs Captain Cornwallis that noble right valiant and politick soldier losing but one man more killed with fifty five of his and but raw and tired Marylanders twenty nine Indians as they confessed though compassed round with two hundred and fifty and Summer was twelve moneth Captain Lewis of Maryland at the Coves drawing but twenty men out of his winde bound Sloupes and in two small Cocke-boates much distant finding twenty four Canoes and therein an hundred and forty Sasquehannocks reduced by these three Swedes into a half moon with intent to encompasse the first small boat before the second could reach the former at the first volley of ten sho● and losse of one Indian they run all away for note generally twelve English with five foot Calivers shoot thirty pellets or dagge shot and fifty yards distance and the naked Indian shooteth but one arrow and but thirty yards distance so as his Lordship knoweth well with such a squadron of twelve or thirteen mark-men to encounter three hundred and to bring by the lock the proudest Sagamoore to bee ransomed for any Trespasse and not to suffer any Indian or trader without his Lordships badge or stamped livery worn to come within twenty miles of his Plantation or ten miles of their Cattle as in all the out-skirts of Virginia is used but to kill them Insomuch as the Emperour Nicotowance saying was my countrymen tell me I am a lier when I tell them the English men will kill you if you goe into their bounds but valiant Captain Freeman made him no lier when lately he killed three Indians so without badge incroaching And therfore fair and far off is best with Heathen Indians and fit it is to reduce all their trading to five Ports or Pallisadoed trucking houses and to kill all straglers and such spies without ransome Then shall christians and their cattle be safe and quiet and severely putting to death all that sell the Indians guns arms and ammunition then Indians are sooner ruled civilized and subjected as in New England is daily seen In Long Isle are about four Kings and eight hundred Bow-men most

of them two hundred miles off his Lps seat of Watcessit in Charles river these of Long Isle are well civilized living within ten miles and in sight of eight thousand English in that part of New England being and the five towns in Connectacute river and New Haven town being populous discourageth any hostility but chiefly his Lordships sixe good free-holding towns in Long Isle is a bridle to check and contain them for Southhampton Hempsteed Flushing Gravesand and Ainsford are placed like distinct Garisons to command them Then between the two South Capes there are two petty Kings called Aquats and little Matankin having both an hundred Bow-men and above Watcessit South-west are the black and white Mincos neer three hundred men being speciall friends to Watcessit and enemies to the Sasquehannocks Now for choice seats for English Watcessit first where were seventy English as Master Miles deposeth he swearing the officers there to his Majesties allegiance and to obedience to your Lordship as Governour being twenty one leagues up Delaware Bay in Charles river to which any ship may come and about it Manteses plain which Master Evelin avoucheth to be twenty miles broad and thirty long 50 miles washed by two fair navigable rivers and is 300000 acres fit to plow and sow all Corn Tobacco and Flaxe and Rice the four staples of Albion The second seat is three miles off to Watcessit adjoyning to Charles and Cotton river so named of six hundred l. of Cotton wilde on trees growing and is called Ritchneck being twenty four miles compasse one wood huge Timber trees and two foot black mould much desired of the Virginians to plant Tobacco they alledging each plant there dried and cured will bring a pound whereas wom land five and sixe to a pound and these large leaves in the new land and freshes serve to lap up all the bad S. Christophers and Barbadoes rolled Tobacco and maketh it fire sooner of the three upper leaves they make Varinas and Spanish The Dutch give for this double price and the English double for sweet sented and though Charles river is 120 miles North of James river in Virginia yet having a more farre constant and tempered growing heat Tobacco three years together tried is riper and sooner struck by wet seasons by full three weeks then in Virginia and hath yeelded double the price and no doubt Cotton will grow as in Millain being three degrees more North-ward though as there it dieth yearly by frost is re-planted by the seed as a Rosebush giveth a full cod The third seat is at Roymont a strong rich and fit place for a Fort Sir Walter Rawley left there thirty men and four guns the Dutch seated there fifteen men and a Fort both to plant in that rich five miles neck to Roymont river which runneth down into Chisapoack Bay choice Tobacco and thereby to prejudice and undersell Virginia as to set up a fishing Stage for Whales these proved but Grampus and they killing basely an Indian refusing quarter or ransome were by the Indians killed and expelled twenty years since This place is close to the In-south Cape having a Creek of sixe foot water only and two furlongs of the grand Delaware Bay on one side is an Isthmos or Penisle nine miles compasse fit for pasturage and Hogs and Goats and on the other side is a second Isthmos four miles compasse easily fenced and is but sixty miles over land to the Northermost and neerest part of Virginia to drive cattle by land and have supplies by horse and foot and here is never ice or frost sea-fish all oysters and shell-fish and fowl all winter Cod to lade ships three moneths after December fit for salt and trade and there is a poor Indian of fourteen men only and weak to hinder any all the soile is under a brick earth stone slat hard by and timber to build The fourth seat is Vvedale under Websneck and is a valley sixe miles long sheltred by hils from the North-west windes below it is sixe miles a thicket of four sorts of excellent great Vines running on Mulberry and Sassafras trees there are four sorts of Grapes the first is the Tholouse Muscat sweet sented the second the great foxe and thick Grape after five moneths reaped being boyled and salted and well fined it is a strong red Xeres the third a right Claret the fourth a white Grape creeps on the land maketh a pure gold colour white wine Tenis Pale the French man of these four made eight sorts of excellent wine and of the Muscat acute boyled that the second draught will fox a reasonable pate four moneths old and here may be gathered and made two hundred tun in the Vintage moneth re-planted will amend two other valleys there are of the same Grapes and large above Vvedale the hill is called Websneck environed with three rivers round one of sixteen foot water navigable all but a neck a caliver shot over easily imparked being 9000 acres the cliffes all of rich black mould with huge timber trees most fit for Tobacco and Corn not far off are rich lead mines containing silver tried and iron stone and by it waters and fals to drive them in an inhabited desert no Christians or Indians neer it where Elkes Stagges and Deer are most quiet most fat and not disturbed so as five men in three or four days kill and salt sixty Deer or an hundred twenty sides for Summers food four or five hundred Turkeyes in a flock Swans Hoopers Geese Ducks Teles and other Fowles a mile square and seven mile together on the shores for here is all Ches-nuts Wall-nuts and Mast berries and March feeds wilde Oats and Vetches to feed them Neer hand is also in August Custard apples and Papawes to make the best Perry English for 100 tun in a place and all Plums Hurtleberries Black Cherries wilde Anniseed Perfimenas and other dainty fruits and roots are had as in all the huge long Meads and Marshes sweet seg roots ground nuts Tucaho and Cuttinamon roots for Hogs and whole Warrens and berries of sweet Muskerats and here black Bears and Lions feeding on sweet foods are killed and eaten In the head of Chisepeack river by Tomkins and Walton was seen a Camell Mare brown black seven foot high of which 300 mile West-ward are store their skins brought and sold by the Indians confirm it The fifth seat is Brents fort a steep rock invincible and not to be battered having an Isthmos of low hard ground like a Tongue below it environed with fresh water and under it a Cove close to hide two ships or gallies ships of 500 tun may come up to it and hard by is good Mead and rich land and Woods to plant and in this desert is best living stored as before with all game and their food to maintain them The sixt is an I le called Palmers I le containing 300 acres half meade halfe wood in it is a rock forty foot high like