england_n view_n in_o the_o unmask_n of_o two_o paradox_n with_o a_o replication_n unto_o the_o answer_n of_o master_n john_n bodine_n by_o gerrard_n de_fw-fr malynes_n merchant_n opposita_fw-la iuxta_fw-la se_fw-la posita_fw-la magis_fw-la apparent_a anchora_fw-la spei_fw-la london_n print_v by_o richard_n field_n 1603._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a sir_n thomas_n sackuile_n baron_n of_o buckhurst_n lord_n high_a treasurer_n of_o england_n knight_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o one_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o her_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n g._n de_fw-fr m._n wish_v all_o health_n increase_n of_o honour_n and_o everlasting_a happiness_n these_o two_o paradox_n right_a honourable_a have_v be_v present_v unto_o the_o french_a king_n as_o a_o mean_a to_o qualify_v the_o general_a complaint_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n in_o france_n by_o prove_v that_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o three_o hundred_o year_n be_v answer_v by_o 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matter_n by_o compare_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n within_o themselves_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n whereas_o the_o comparison_n must_v be_v between_o the_o home_n commodity_n of_o one_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o that_o either_o by_o way_n of_o permutation_n of_o commodity_n for_o commodity_n or_o by_o commodity_n for_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la or_o by_o exchange_n so_o that_o a_o due_a consideration_n must_v be_v have_v of_o the_o course_n of_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o essential_a part_n of_o all_o trade_n and_o traffic_v wherein_o must_v be_v consider_v the_o end_n of_o all_o merchant_n which_o be_v gaine_n and_o profit_n at_o which_o scope_n they_o aim_v according_a to_o their_o profession_n and_o practice_n some_o by_o commodity_n some_o by_o money_n some_o by_o exchange_n some_o by_o all_o three_o or_o that_o which_o yield_v they_o most_o gain_v for_o as_o money_n do_v rule_v the_o course_n of_o 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the_o almighty_a to_o have_v your_o honour_n in_o his_o divine_a protection_n and_o so_o in_o all_o humility_n i_o take_v leave_n london_n this_o 16._o of_o januarie_n 1603._o your_o lordship_n most_o humble_a and_o in_o all_o duty_n bind_v gerrard_n de_fw-fr malynes_n england_n view_n a_o sentence_n allege_v without_o application_n to_o some_o purpose_n be_v to_o handle_v a_o matter_n without_o conclusion_n and_o he_o that_o will_v attribute_v unto_o any_o man_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o essential_a part_n ground_n or_o pillar_n of_o any_o science_n must_v make_v apparent_a proof_n thereof_o otherwise_o his_o assertion_n be_v like_a cloud_n and_o wind_n without_o rain_n or_o like_o a_o arrow_n shoot_v at_o random_n quòd_fw-la oportet_fw-la patremfamilias_a vendacem_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la emacem_fw-la be_v a_o worthy_a sentence_n to_o be_v due_o execute_v of_o all_o good_a householder_n or_o father_n of_o family_n especial_o of_o prince_n that_o be_v the_o father_n of_o the_o 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ordain_v by_o god_n among_o man_n to_o defend_v the_o feeble_a from_o the_o mighty_a hence_o proceed_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o sedition_n and_o civil_a war_n be_v the_o denial_n of_o justice_n oppression_n of_o the_o common-people_n inequal_a distribution_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n the_o exceed_a riches_n of_o a_o small_a number_n the_o extreme_a poverty_n of_o many_o the_o overgreat_a idleness_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o the_o not_o punish_v of_o offender_n which_o bring_v destruction_n of_o commonweal_n religion_n do_v teach_v the_o fear_n of_o god_n which_o make_v a_o good_a man_n and_o be_v indeed_o the_o beginning_n of_o a_o prince_n for_o since_o prince_n reign_v by_o wisdom_n and_o that_o the_o fear_n of_o god_n be_v the_o beginning_n thereof_o we_o must_v conclude_v that_o it_o be_v the_o beginning_n also_o of_o a_o virtuous_a and_o wise_a prince_n now_o as_o prince_n reign_v by_o god_n so_o must_v they_o be_v direct_v by_o he_o yea_o they_o reign_v best_a and_o long_a that_o serve_v he_o best_a and_o most_o serve_v he_o they_o can_v but_o according_a to_o his_o will_n and_o his_o will_n be_v not_o know_v but_o by_o his_o word_n and_o law_n which_o make_v the_o prophet_n david_n to_o meditate_v therein_o day_n and_o night_n prefer_v the_o cause_n of_o faith_n or_o religion_n before_o temporal_a commodity_n and_o this_o be_v proper_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a point_n that_o the_o prince_n be_v to_o regard_v whereunto_o the_o other_o be_v annex_v and_o do_v depend_v upon_o for_o as_o justice_n be_v administer_v and_o prescribe_v by_o law_n and_o custom_n so_o reason_n require_v that_o this_o gradation_n shall_v be_v observe_v concern_v all_o law_n that_o even_o as_o the_o will_n contract_n or_o testament_n of_o particular_a man_n can_v derogate_v the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o the_o order_n of_o the_o magistrate_n can_v abolish_v custom_n nor_o the_o custom_n can_v abridge_v the_o general_a law_n of_o a_o absolute_a prince_n 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realm_n
famous_a and_o learned_a master_n john_n bodine_n make_v answer_n unto_o these_o two_o paradox_n first_o show_v how_o m._n malestroit_n have_v abuse_v himself_o to_o use_v the_o example_n of_o velvet_n to_o prove_v his_o assertion_n for_o he_o prove_v that_o velvet_n be_v yet_o unknown_a in_o france_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o philip_n surname_v the_o fair_a and_o that_o although_o he_o shall_v admit_v the_o example_n of_o velvet_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o consequence_n for_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o so_o dear_a proportionable_o and_o concern_v the_o price_n of_o wine_n and_o corn_n he_o do_v prove_v the_o same_o to_o be_v dear_a 20_o time_n and_o more_o or_o less_o upon_o occasion_n conclude_v that_o those_o example_n be_v also_o unfit_a and_o then_o he_o come_v to_o the_o price_n of_o land_n which_o can_v increase_v or_o diminish_v nor_o be_v alter_v of_o their_o goodness_n if_o they_o be_v manure_v whereupon_o he_o take_v occasion_n to_o show_v the_o fertility_n of_o france_n and_o that_o certain_a dukedom_n earldom_n and_o baronny_n be_v now_o worth_a of_o revenue_n as_o much_o yearly_a as_o they_o be_v sell_v for_o in_o time_n past_a the_o land_n be_v so_o much_o rise_v in_o price_n he_o show_v that_o within_o sixty_o year_n all_o thing_n be_v grow_v dear_a ten_o time_n the_o price_n compare_v it_o to_o any_o money_n in_o france_n and_o so_o set_v down_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o dearth_n which_o be_v 5_o in_o number_n 1_o the_o principal_a &_o almost_o only_a cause_n the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n now_o extant_a in_o the_o kingdom_n more_o than_o in_o time_n past_a 2_o the_o monopoly_n 3_o the_o want_n of_o thing_n cause_v by_o excessive_a trade_n and_o waste_v thereof_o 4_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n that_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n 5_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n concern_v the_o first_o and_o principal_a cause_n he_o say_v that_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n or_o dearth_n of_o 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thereof_o as_o it_o happen_v at_o jerusalem_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o candace_n and_o in_o the_o west_n indies_n when_o the_o spaniard_n become_v master_n thereof_o by_o which_o reason_n the_o emperor_n tiberius_n be_v much_o mistake_v to_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v behead_v that_o will_v have_v make_v glass_n soft_a and_o malleable_a fear_v that_o gold_n and_o silver_n will_v thereby_o have_v lose_v their_o estimation_n whereas_o the_o abundance_n of_o glass_n which_o be_v make_v almost_o of_o all_o stone_n and_o many_o herb_n will_v have_v diminish_v the_o reputation_n thereof_o as_o it_o fall_v out_o with_o all_o other_o thing_n therefore_o say_v he_o we_o be_v to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o time_n past_o three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o as_o there_o be_v now_o which_o may_v easy_o be_v know_v for_o if_o there_o be_v money_n within_o the_o realm_n it_o can_v be_v so_o well_o hide_v but_o that_o prince_n in_o their_o necessity_n and_o occurrence_n will_v find_v the_o same_o whereas_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o king_n john_n in_o his_o great_a necessity_n can_v not_o find_v 60_o thousand_o frank_n let_v it_o be_v crown_n for_o his_o ransom_n but_o do_v remain_v a_o prisoner_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 8_o year_n in_o like_a sort_n the_o king_n of_o scot_n be_v prisoner_n can_v not_o find_v mean_n for_o his_o ransom_n of_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o noble_n until_o the_o french_a king_n charles_n the_o five_o pay_v the_o same_o make_v alliance_n with_o robert_n the_o king_n of_o scot_n anno_fw-la 1371._o king_n saint_n lewis_n be_v in_o the_o like_a predicament_n be_v prisoner_n in_o egypt_n and_o the_o ancient_a history_n do_v record_n that_o for_o want_v of_o silver_n money_n be_v make_v of_o leather_n with_o a_o nail_n of_o silver_n whereby_o appear_v the_o great_a want_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n in_o france_n in_o those_o day_n whereas_o come_v to_o our_o age_n 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cause_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o wealth_n and_o treasure_n of_o france_n show_v how_o the_o spaniard_n run_v to_o the_o uttermost_a corner_n of_o the_o world_n for_o gold_n silver_n and_o spice_n do_v come_v unto_o they_o for_o their_o corn_n linen_n cloth_n and_o diverse_a other_o commodity_n on_o the_o other_o side_n how_o the_o english_a man_n scot_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n swaden_n and_o denmark_n be_v continual_o dig_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o mine_n even_o to_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o metal_n and_o mineral_n for_o to_o buy_v their_o wine_n prune_n and_o other_o commodity_n and_o most_o especial_o their_o manna_n of_o salt_n which_o god_n send_v as_o it_o be_v from_o heaven_n their_o climate_n be_v more_o apt_a thereunto_o then_o that_o of_o other_o country_n which_o cause_v the_o fleming_n to_o come_v with_o their_o empty_a vessel_n to_o buy_v the_o same_o for_o ready_a money_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o traffic_n of_o saltfish_n and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n the_o second_o be_v the_o increase_n of_o people_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n which_o cease_v between_o the_o house_n of_o orleans_n &_o burgundy_n be_v much_o augment_v until_o the_o trouble_n for_o religion_n whereas_o the_o war_n of_o neighbour_n country_n be_v but_o a_o necessary_a purgation_n of_o the_o ill_a humour_n of_o the_o body_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o war_n at_o home_n have_v before_o that_o time_n waste_v the_o country_n overthrow_v husbandry_n and_o spoil_v all_o handiwork_n the_o englishman_n have_v sack_v their_o town_n burn_v their_o village_n murder_v and_o rob_v the_o most_o part_n of_o their_o people_n and_o gnaw_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o bone_n howbeit_o within_o these_o 100_o year_n the_o town_n have_v be_v re-edify_v village_n new_a build_v wood_n increase_v &_o the_o people_n augment_v in_o such_o sort_n that_o colony_n of_o frenchman_n have_v be_v send_v into_o other_o country_n to_o inhabit_v they_o and_o the_o spaniard_n be_v negligent_a and_o lazy_a be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o arragon_n and_o navarre_n without_o any_o labourer_n or_o any_o other_o workman_n but_o only_o frenchmen_n which_o be_v more_o serviceable_a and_o active_a another_o cause_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o france_n be_v the_o trade_n have_v since_o their_o king_n francis_n the_o first_o with_o the_o turk_n and_o barbarian_a &_o the_o bank_n of_o lion_n erect_v in_o his_o time_n bring_v abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n into_o france_n when_o he_o pay_v 8_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o money_n and_o his_o successor_n ten_o afterward_o 16_o and_o 20_o upon_o urgent_a necessity_n which_o make_v the_o florentine_n lugueses_n genoese_n german_n and_o other_o to_o come_v &_o dwell_v in_o the_o realm_n by_o which_o mean_v also_o the_o
rent_n levy_v upon_o the_o city_n of_o paris_n be_v bring_v to_o amount_v unto_o 3_o million_o and_o three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o pound_n tournois_fw-fr yearly_a and_o the_o city_n will_v be_v much_o rich_a if_o there_o be_v a_o house_n as_o at_o genes_n call_v the_o house_n of_o s._n george_n which_o take_v all_o the_o money_n that_o man_n will_v bring_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o 5_o upon_o the_o 100_o and_o do_v deliver_v out_o the_o same_o to_o the_o merchant_n to_o traffic_v therewith_o after_o two_o and_o three_o upon_o the_o hundred_o like_v as_o the_o great_a emperor_n antony_n and_o alexander_n severus_n do_v which_o do_v deliver_v money_n at_o 4_o per_fw-la 100_o and_o augustus_n deliver_v money_n free_o without_o interest_n to_o they_o that_o will_v give_v surety_n to_o restore_v double_a the_o value_n if_o they_o do_v not_o pay_v it_o at_o the_o time_n limit_v by_o these_o mean_v their_o subject_n get_v much_o and_o prince_n be_v not_o drive_v to_o borrow_v or_o to_o pill_v their_o subject_n but_o do_v rather_o diminish_v their_o impost_n and_o so_o he_o conclude_v that_o the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v the_o cause_n partly_o of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n the_o second_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n namely_o the_o monopoly_n he_o do_v pass_v over_o as_o a_o matter_n not_o considerable_a to_o the_o thing_n entreat_v of_o which_o be_v say_v he_o when_o merchant_n artificer_n or_o laborer_n do_v assemble_v themselves_o to_o set_v a_o price_n upon_o the_o commodity_n or_o their_o handiwork_n with_o the_o augment_v of_o wage_n for_o the_o prevent_n whereof_o he_o commend_v the_o abolish_n of_o their_o fraternity_n or_o company_n procure_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o their_o chancellor_n the_o three_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n by_o the_o want_n of_o thing_n come_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o excessive_a trade_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o by_o the_o waist_n thereof_o it_o be_v certain_a say_v he_o that_o we_o have_v our_o 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same_o from_o the_o spaniard_n say_v he_o we_o have_v but_o their_o oil_n and_o spice_n and_o yet_o the_o best_a drug_n come_v unto_o we_o from_o turkey_n and_o barbary_n from_o italy_n we_o have_v their_o allume_n some_o silk_n and_o other_o commodity_n oil_n we_o may_v have_v within_o our_o dominion_n of_o languedock_n and_o provence_n more_o than_o we_o do_v need_v and_o there_o be_v as_o good_a silk_n make_v with_o we_o as_o at_o florence_n and_o genes_n touch_v allume_n if_o we_o will_v cut_v the_o vein_n of_o the_o pireney_n mountain_n we_o shall_v find_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o allume_v and_o copresse_v as_o have_v be_v sufficient_o prove_v whereas_o france_n do_v spend_v far_o above_o the_o value_n of_o one_o million_o thereof_o yearly_a and_o the_o waist_n of_o thing_n be_v incredible_a the_o four_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n proceed_v from_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n which_o do_v impose_v a_o price_n unto_o the_o thing_n which_o they_o affect_v for_o 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pay_v 72_o thousand_o crown_n for_o a_o diamond_n rather_o than_o king_n henry_n shall_v have_v have_v the_o same_o present_o the_o nobility_n and_o the_o people_n do_v give_v themselves_o to_o study_v and_o to_o buy_v precious_a stone_n and_o when_o king_n henry_n begin_v to_o make_v little_a account_n of_o the_o stone_n their_o general_a estimation_n and_o price_n be_v abate_v whereof_o there_o be_v many_o example_n in_o like_a sort_n for_o the_o art_n of_o paint_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o east_n and_o alexander_n the_o great_a have_v bring_v they_o into_o such_o credit_n that_o a_o picture_n of_o venus_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o water_n which_o apelles_n have_v make_v be_v buy_v for_o 60_o thousand_o crown_n alexander_n give_v for_o his_o 200_o talent_n that_o be_v 36_o thousand_o pound_n starling_n apelles_n himself_o make_v no_o difficulty_n to_o buy_v a_o picture_n of_o protogenes_n for_o 50_o thousand_o crown_n conclude_v with_o other_o example_n that_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n make_v thing_n dear_a as_o aforesaid_a and_o so_o return_v to_o the_o waist_n or_o consumption_n of_o thing_n wherein_o their_o example_n be_v also_o imitate_v he_o do_v reprehend_v the_o cut_n of_o silk_n upon_o silk_n or_o any_o other_o stuff_n so_o that_o it_o can_v serve_v but_o once_o for_o one_o person_n which_o cause_v the_o turk_n to_o call_v we_o mad_a man_n and_o further_o he_o find_v fault_n that_o our_o lackey_n and_o servant_n be_v apparel_v therewith_o and_o that_o so_o much_o stuff_n be_v put_v into_o the_o apparel_n disguise_v with_o new_a fangle_a fashion_n the_o proportion_n of_o our_o person_n or_o body_n contrary_a to_o the_o ancient_a modesty_n when_o as_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o apparel_n will_v many_o time_n cost_v more_o than_o the_o apparel_n itself_o to_o this_o be_v link_v the_o desire_n of_o costly_a household_n stuff_n and_o dainty_a and_o delicate_a fare_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o meat_n and_o drink_v whereof_o he_o allege_v example_n which_o be_v better_a conceal_v then_o speak_v of_o for_o they_o bring_v with_o they_o all_o licentiousness_n and_o excess_n as_o a_o spring_n of_o vice_n of_o the_o calamity_n and_o misery_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v here_o object_v say_v he_o that_o if_o thing_n do_v still_o become_v dear_a partly_o through_o the_o waist_n and_o partly_o also_o for_o the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n no_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o live_v because_o of_o the_o dearth_n it_o be_v true_a but_o the_o war_n and_o calamity_n happen_v to_o a_o commonwealth_n do_v stay_v the_o course_n hereof_o as_o we_o may_v see_v that_o the_o roman_n have_v live_v with_o great_a scarcity_n and_o to_o speak_v proper_o in_o great_a misery_n almost_o five_o hundred_o year_n when_o they_o have_v but_o copper_n money_n of_o a_o pound_n weight_n and_o without_o stamp_n until_o king_n servius_n and_o they_o make_v no_o silver_n money_n but_o 485_o year_n after_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n and_o 62_o year_n after_o they_o make_v money_n of_o gold_n and_o here_o he_o take_v occasion_n to_o compare_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n alter_v during_o the_o government_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o law_n make_v by_o they_o for_o the_o suppress_n of_o abuse_n and_o that_o all_o their_o gold_n and_o silver_n come_v unto_o they_o in_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n by_o the_o spoil_n of_o all_o the_o world_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o rome_n by_o the_o scipion_n paul_n aemylius_fw-la marius_n sylla_n lucullus_n pompey_n and_o caesar_n especial_o by_o the_o two_o last_o for_o pompey_n do_v conquer_v so_o much_o land_n as_o make_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o come_v unto_o 8_o million_o and_o one_o half_a of_o crown_n caesar_n notwithstanding_o all_o his_o expense_n &_o prodigality_n bring_v to_o the_o
cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n now_o and_o bring_v a_o general_a poverty_n to_o the_o realm_n a_o conclusion_n most_o opposite_a to_o the_o first_o paradox_n and_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o of_o necessity_n the_o embase_v of_o the_o silver_n money_n proceed_v by_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o gold_n the_o word_n embase_v must_v be_v understand_v in_o price_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o valuation_n which_o be_v observe_v between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v 11_o of_o fine_a silver_n to_o one_o of_o fine_a gold_n but_o the_o silver_n be_v not_o embase_v by_o allay_n or_o copper_n in_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o gold_n for_o the_o substance_n remain_v unalter_a and_o become_v only_o abate_v in_o price_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o gold_n now_o if_o master_n bodine_n have_v not_o show_v before_o that_o malestroit_n have_v mistake_v himself_o in_o the_o set_n down_o of_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o money_n in_o price_n and_o the_o embase_v by_o allay_n whereby_o the_o gold_n money_n by_o he_o allege_v to_o be_v rise_v from_o one_o to_o two_o and_o a_o half_a and_o three_o in_o price_n and_o the_o silver_n money_n from_o one_o to_o 5_o we_o may_v have_v examine_v this_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n according_a to_o his_o allegation_n and_o thereby_o make_v know_v that_o he_o have_v mistake_v the_o matter_n as_o well_o in_o the_o alteration_n of_o money_n in_o valuation_n fineness_n and_o weight_n as_o he_o do_v the_o whole_a ground_n of_o his_o paradox_n for_o have_v lose_v the_o line_n wherewith_o he_o go_v into_o the_o labyrinth_n of_o money_n and_o their_o property_n he_o be_v like_a unto_o a_o man_n who_o have_v lose_v his_o way_n among_o the_o wood_n the_o further_o he_o go_v the_o more_o he_o err_v from_o the_o right_a way_n master_n malestroit_n may_v have_v declare_v his_o intention_n in_o two_o word_n if_o he_o have_v have_v the_o true_a ground_n and_o understand_v the_o matter_n he_o go_v about_o by_o prove_v only_o that_o when_o money_n do_v alter_v in_o weight_n or_o in_o fineness_n or_o in_o valuation_n or_o in_o all_o three_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n do_v alter_v only_o by_o denomination_n if_o the_o valuation_n be_v make_v according_o as_o for_o example_n a_o ounce_n of_o starling_n silver_n be_v divide_v heretofore_o by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o 20_o piece_n and_o so_o value_v 20_o penny_n every_o penny_n in_o value_n weigh_v a_o penny_n weight_n this_o ounce_n in_o process_n of_o time_n as_o we_o have_v show_v elsewhere_o be_v divide_v afterward_o into_o 30_o piece_n than_o 40_o piece_n 45_o piece_n and_o now_o 60_o piece_n so_o that_o a_o penny_n weight_n of_o starling_n silver_n be_v now_o three_o penny_n and_o the_o piece_n be_v only_o alter_v in_o name_n for_o a_o three_o penny_n piece_n waigh_v but_o a_o penny_n weight_n so_o that_o the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v alter_v only_o in_o denomination_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n must_v needs_o receive_v the_o like_a name_n or_o denomination_n and_o if_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n be_v not_o rise_v above_o this_o estimation_n of_o three_o for_o one_o then_o m._n malestroit_n may_v have_v make_v good_a his_o first_o paradox_n howbeit_o fail_v in_o his_o second_o paradox_n again_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o queen_n of_o england_n shall_v reduce_v the_o valuation_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o starling_n silver_n unto_o 20_o penny_n present_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n will_v be_v alter_v according_o and_o that_o for_o which_o we_o give_v now_o 3_o penny_n shall_v but_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o a_o penny_n which_o will_v seem_v to_o be_v better_a cheap_a and_o yet_o will_v not_o be_v so_o in_o effect_n for_o we_o shall_v give_v still_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n of_o three_o penny_n albeit_o the_o name_n thereof_o be_v alter_v and_o therefore_o not_o better_a cheap_a true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o queen_n shall_v receive_v for_o her_o income_n and_o revenue_n of_o crown_n land_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o her_o predecessor_n do_v in_o time_n past_a and_o nobleman_n and_o other_o in_o like_a sort_n for_o their_o land_n and_o officer_n for_o their_o fee_n be_v after_o the_o old_a rent_n and_o custom_n but_o this_o reduction_n will_v prove_v very_o prejudicial_a consider_v that_o other_o prince_n have_v enhance_a the_o price_n of_o their_o money_n which_o do_v carry_v a_o show_n of_o gain_n in_o the_o eye_n or_o judgement_n of_o most_o man_n which_o be_v thereupon_o incline_v to_o carry_v money_n unto_o they_o albeit_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o those_o prince_n dominion_n do_v not_o only_o countervail_v that_o suppose_a gain_n in_o the_o general_a course_n of_o traffic_n but_o also_o far_o surmount_v the_o same_o but_o the_o money_n with_o we_o not_o be_v alter_v in_o weight_n fineness_n or_o valuation_n within_o these_o fifty_o year_n in_o which_o time_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n be_v so_o much_o alter_v how_o can_v the_o first_o paradox_n take_v any_o place_n and_o if_o his_o second_o paradox_n have_v be_v of_o a_o true_a ground_n what_o reason_n have_v any_o man_n to_o measure_v thing_n present_a with_o the_o thing_n of_o former_a age_n so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n of_o the_o money_n almost_o within_o the_o age_n of_o any_o man_n for_o if_o above_o fifty_o year_n pass_v i_o have_v receive_v a_o angel_n of_o such_o weight_n and_o fineness_n as_o the_o angel_n now_o adays_o for_o ten_o shilling_n and_o do_v pay_v out_o the_o same_o again_o for_o ten_o shilling_n there_o can_v be_v no_o loss_n although_o i_o shall_v receive_v less_o quantity_n of_o commodity_n for_o the_o same_o which_o if_o i_o do_v i_o can_v attribute_v the_o loss_n thereof_o upon_o my_o angel_n but_o rather_o to_o the_o dearth_n of_o commodity_n the_o money_n not_o have_v be_v alter_v within_o my_o time_n king_n henry_n the_o 8_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v find_v the_o ounce_n of_o starling_n silver_n to_o be_v value_v at_o 40_o penny_n &_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n according_o the_o money_z be_v in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a standard_n of_o england_n at_o which_o time_n the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n adjacent_a be_v not_o so_o much_o advance_v in_o price_n for_o a_o angel_n be_v in_o his_o time_n value_v at_o 6_o shilling_n 8_o penny_n be_v then_o worth_a beyond_o the_o sea_n 9_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n and_o the_o silver_n money_fw-mi according_o afterward_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o reign_n upon_o especial_a occasion_n he_o cause_v all_o his_o money_n to_o be_v embase_v by_o allay_n of_o copper_n and_o make_v very_o base_a money_n whereby_o the_o price_n of_o all_o commodity_n be_v advance_v so_o that_o the_o money_n be_v alter_v in_o substance_n be_v the_o cause_n to_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n albeit_o that_o afterwards_o when_o to_o her_o majesty_n great_a honour_n the_o substance_n of_o money_n be_v reduce_v to_o her_o former_a purity_n and_o fineness_n have_v not_o the_o like_a effect_n which_o seem_v to_o contradict_v our_o matter_n in_o hand_n but_o we_o must_v note_v here_o that_o there_o be_v a_o coherence_n to_o be_v consider_v of_o in_o the_o money_n between_o the_o weight_n fineness_n and_o valuation_n whereby_o if_o general_o either_o of_o these_o be_v alter_v all_o thing_n do_v alter_v in_o price_n according_o but_o if_o it_o be_v alter_v in_o part_n with_o due_a consideration_n it_o have_v not_o the_o like_a effect_n or_o operation_n king_n henry_n do_v alter_v the_o fineness_n of_o the_o money_n by_o allay_n of_o copper_n and_o withal_o do_v advance_v the_o valuation_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n from_o 40_o penny_n unto_o 45_o penny_n and_o the_o gold_n according_o account_v one_o of_o fine_a gold_n to_o 11_o of_o fine_a silver_n whereby_o a_o angel_n be_v worth_a 7_o shilling_n 6_o penny_n the_o money_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o former_a goodness_n in_o her_o majesty_n reign_n will_v have_v abate_v the_o price_n of_o other_o thing_n according_o have_v not_o the_o valuation_n be_v alter_v and_o countervail_v the_o same_o together_o with_o the_o increase_n of_o money_n for_o this_o ounce_n of_o silver_n aforesaid_a be_v value_v at_o 60_o penny_n and_o that_o which_o before_o do_v bear_v the_o name_n of_o 45_o be_v call_v 60_o which_o denomination_n cause_v all_o other_o thing_n to_o remain_v at_o the_o old_a price_n whereunto_o they_o be_v come_v through_o the_o baseness_n of_o the_o money_n before_o that_o time_n now_o before_o we_o conclude_v it_o be_v worthy_a the_o note_n that_o when_o in_o this_o king_n time_n the_o angel_n be_v worth_a under_o the_o archduke_n of_o burgundy_n 9_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n the_o king_n
use_n of_o melt_a or_o transportation_n and_o to_o pay_v out_o the_o light_a one_o especial_o in_o silver_n counterfeiter_n washer_n and_o falsifier_n of_o money_n will_v be_v soon_o detect_v and_o the_o false_a money_n know_v when_o piece_n of_o one_o sort_n shall_v be_v of_o one_o bigness_n and_o thickness_n and_o of_o one_o sound_n and_o fairness_n of_o stamp_n with_o their_o private_a mark_n for_o the_o time_n the_o thickness_n will_v be_v see_v the_o weight_n will_v be_v find_v and_o the_o sound_n will_v be_v hear_v by_o compare_v one_o piece_n to_o another_o especial_o when_o the_o redness_n or_o colour_n of_o the_o money_n do_v give_v suspicion_n that_o the_o same_o be_v counterfeit_v for_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o the_o lump_n of_o metal_n of_o equal_a weight_n as_o we_o may_v partly_o perceive_v and_o be_v exact_o find_v by_o the_o last_o trial_n make_v thereof_o the_o mass_n or_o lump_n of_o gold_n to_o the_o lump_n of_o silver_n do_v differ_v as_o much_o as_o 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which_o by_o degree_n may_v be_v reform_v according_a to_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o which_o end_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o exhort_v and_o require_v all_o goldsmith_n and_o other_o to_o be_v vigilant_a and_o diligent_a in_o bring_v of_o bullion_n into_o her_o majesty_n mint_n where_o they_o may_v have_v very_o speedy_a and_o assure_a payment_n thereof_o at_o all_o appoint_a time_n and_o in_o this_o place_n we_o must_v not_o forget_v that_o care_n may_v be_v have_v that_o the_o monier_n which_o work_n by_o the_o hammer_n may_v be_v provide_v for_o their_o line_n or_o be_v set_v on_o work_n by_o the_o mill_n or_o engine_n last_o it_o be_v very_o convenient_a &_o commodious_a as_o also_o good_a for_o the_o poor_a to_o make_v small_a money_n of_o copper_n as_o halfpence_n and_o farthing_n which_o may_v be_v call_v pledge_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o will_v increase_v charity_n towards_o they_o whereby_o also_o all_o leaden_a token_n use_v in_o tavern_n and_o by_o such_o as_o sell_v small_a ware_n will_v be_v take_v away_o and_o will_v be_v very_o commodious_a in_o so_o populous_a a_o kingdom_n be_v make_v exact_o to_o prevent_v counterfeit_v which_o general_o we_o do_v hold_v so_o difficult_a to_o be_v do_v as_o be_v the_o counterfeit_n of_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o excellent_a writer_n among_o the_o ordinary_a write_n of_o most_o man_n and_o the_o make_v thereof_o can_v breed_v no_o inconvenience_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n whereas_o some_o prince_n do_v use_v to_o coin_v some_o money_n for_o to_o remain_v within_o their_o dominion_n &_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o money_n for_o to_o be_v transport_v into_o other_o country_n reap_v a_o great_a gain_n by_o the_o coinage_n thereof_o and_o omit_v to_o show_v the_o important_a cause_n and_o reason_n which_o prince_n have_v to_o maintain_v a_o stand_a treasure_n we_o do_v not_o hold_v it_o impertinent_a to_o reduce_v to_o memory_n that_o which_o be_v record_v of_o the_o treasure_n of_o prince_n in_o time_n past_a to_o awaken_v care_n in_o other_o the_o great_a mean_n that_o the_o roman_n have_v to_o save_v their_o state_n when_o hannibal_n have_v almost_o bring_v they_o to_o ruin_v be_v 450_o thousand_o crown_n that_o the_o treasure_n do_v amount_v unto_o which_o be_v gather_v by_o the_o redemption_n of_o slave_n and_o never_o touch_v until_o that_o time_n pope_n john_n the_o 22._o leave_v 23_o million_o of_o gold_n sardanapalus_n 40_o million_o of_o crown_n cirus_n 50_o million_o the_o athenian_n 60_o million_o tiberius_n the_o emperor_n 67_o million_o alexander_n the_o great_a find_v in_o the_o treasury_n of_o darius_n occhus_n the_o persian_a king_n 80_o million_o but_o the_o great_a treasure_n mention_v in_o the_o scripture_n which_o king_n david_n leave_v be_v 120_o million_o which_o do_v exceed_v far_o the_o treasure_n record_v of_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o flourish_v most_o under_o trajan_n the_o 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handle_v that_o matter_n particular_o therefore_o shall_v it_o suffice_v to_o make_v mention_n only_o of_o the_o content_n thereof_o as_o money_n do_v rule_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n so_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n with_o we_o do_v not_o only_o rule_v both_o the_o course_n of_o money_n and_o commodity_n but_o be_v abuse_v by_o the_o merchandize_v thereof_o be_v become_v predominant_a and_o do_v over-rule_v the_o course_n of_o they_o both_o to_o england_n great_a and_o incredible_a loss_n whereas_o the_o right_a exchange_n be_v most_o commendable_a necessary_a and_o convenient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n and_o traffic_n of_o intercourse_n betwixt_o merchant_n and_o merchant_n or_o country_n and_o country_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o weight_n fineness_n and_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n according_a to_o value_n for_o value_n which_o according_o shall_v be_v keep_v at_o a_o certainty_n as_o a_o measure_n betwixt_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n for_o we_o have_v ample_o declare_v and_o prove_v that_o when_o the_o exchange_n do_v fall_v or_o rise_v in_o price_n the_o same_o be_v either_o high_a or_o low_a it_o turn_v every_o way_n to_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o realm_n both_o for_o the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n and_o the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n and_o by_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n cause_v a_o overbalancing_a in_o nature_n before_o allege_v which_o to_o supply_v draw_v or_o expel_v our_o treasure_n for_o we_o do_v in_o effect_n give_v the_o same_o to_o boot_n unto_o other_o nation_n with_o our_o home_n commodity_n to_o have_v their_o commodity_n for_o it_o some_o man_n of_o judgement_n have_v find_v my_o writing_n to_o be_v invective_n and_o pathetical_a against_o banker_n wherein_o they_o be_v not_o mistake_v for_o the_o use_n of_o bank_n be_v incompatible_a in_o any_o well_o order_v commonwealth_n as_o time_n will_v manifest_v more_o and_o more_o daily_o the_o french_a king_n lewis_z the_o 9_o and_o philip_z the_o fair_a do_v with_o great_a cause_n confiscate_v the_o banker_n good_n and_o for_o the_o discovery_n of_o their_o debt_n order_v their_o subject_n to_o pay_v only_o the_o principal_a money_n unto_o their_o treasurer_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n do_v the_o like_a and_o indict_v they_o as_o cousener_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n with_o 24_o thousand_o pound_n starling_n they_o have_v accumulate_v and_o get_v above_o 2_o million_o 400_o thousand_o pound_n other_o which_o through_o envy_n malice_n or_o other_o passion_n have_v the_o eye_n of_o their_o judgement_n blind_v have_v censure_v my_o writing_n to_o be_v apologetical_a for_o the_o erection_n of_o a_o bank_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o restauration_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n exchanger_n which_o