Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	king_n	lord_n	normandy_n	2,598	5	10.9032	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A91237	The opening of the great seale of England. Containing certain brief historicall and legall observations, touching the originall, antiquity, progresse, vse, necessity of the great seal of the kings and kingdoms, of England, in respect of charters, patents, writs, commissions, and other processe. Together with the kings, kingdoms, Parliaments severall interests in, and power over the same, and over the Lord Chancellour, and the lords and keepers of it, both in regard of its new-making, custody, admi nistration [sic] for the better execution of publike justice, the republique necessary safety, and vtility. Occasioned by the over-rash censures of such who inveigh against the Parliament, for ordering a new great seale to be engraven, to supply the wilfull absence, defects, abuses of the old, unduely withdrawne and detained from them. / By William Prynne, Utter-Barrester of Lincolns Inne. ...	Prynne, William, 1600-1669.	1643 (1643)	Wing P4026; Thomason E251_2; ESTC R234376	44,104	39

public_a end_n alone_o i_o humble_o conceive_v the_o parliament_n both_o lawful_o may_v cause_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n of_o england_n to_o be_v engrave_v constitute_v a_o chan●ellour_n to_o keep_v it_o and_o seal_v writ_n for_o new_a election_n writ_n of_o error_n in_o parliament_n with_o other_o necessary_a writ_n and_o commission_n with_o it_o for_o the_o public_a administration_n expedition_n of_o justice_n the_o better_a transaction_n of_o all_o parliamentary_a state_n affair_n now_o obstruct_v to_o which_o the_o great_a seal_n be_v requisite_a this_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o make_v good_a by_o precedent_n by_o reason_n of_o law_n and_o state-policy_n beginning_n with_o the_o new_a make_n and_o then_o proceed_v to_o the_o keep_n and_o order_n of_o the_o seal_n during_o the_o present_a difference_n and_o necessity_n first_o there_o be_v two_o memorable_a precedent_n in_o our_o history_n and_o record_n of_o make_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n without_o the_o king_n actual_a assent_n which_o will_v over-rule_v our_o present_a case_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o ancient_a of_o they_o *_o 67._o king_n henry_n the_o three_o depart_v this_o life_n while_o his_o son_n prince_n edward_n be_v militate_v in_o the_o holy_a land_n against_o christ_n enemy_n hereupon_o the_o noble_n and_o state_n assemble_v at_o the_o new_a temple_n in_o london_n the_o day_n after_o the_o king_n funeral_n proclaim_v prince_n edward_n his_o son_n king_n ordain_v he_o successor_n of_o his_o father_n honour_n though_o they_o know_v not_o whether_o he_o be_v live_v et_fw-la facto_fw-la sigillo_fw-la novo_fw-la write_v matthew_n westminster_n and_o cause_v a_o new_a seal_n to_o be_v make_v so_o daniel_n they_o appoint_v faithful_a minister_n and_o keeper_n for_o the_o faithful_a custody_n both_o of_o the_o seal_n king_n treasure_n and_o kingdom_n peace_n loe_o here_o a_o new_a great_a seal_n make_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o state_n in_o the_o king_n absence_n without_o his_o privity_n for_o the_o necessary_a execution_n of_o justice_n either_o in_o a_o assembly_n out_o of_o parliament_n as_o some_o suppose_v this_o meeting_n be_v or_o at_o least_o wise_a in_o a_o parliament_n assemble_v hold_v yea_o ordain_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n new_a officer_n of_o king_n and_o state_n without_o the_o king_n presence_n or_o privity_n and_o then_o it_o be_v our_o present_a case_n in_o effect_n for_o if_o this_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n even_o out_o of_o or_o in_o parliament_n in_o this_o case_n of_o necessity_n during_o the_o king_n inevitable_a absence_n may_v lawful_o make_v both_o a_o new_a great_a seal_n chancellor_n treasurer_n judge_n justice_n of_o peace_n and_o other_o officer_n of_o king_n and_o state_n as_o they_o do_v and_o conceive_v they_o may_v just_o do_v none_o then_o or_o since_o disavow_v or_o censure_v this_o act_n of_o they_o for_o aught_o i_o read_v but_o all_o approve_v applaud_v it_o as_o legal_a then_o certain_o this_o parliament_n assemble_v and_o ratify_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o be_v the_o great_a sovereign_a power_n and_o have_v far_o more_o jurisdiction_n than_o any_o council_n or_o assembly_n of_o lord_n out_o of_o parliament_n may_v much_o more_o just_o and_o loyal_o cause_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n to_o be_v engrave_v and_o appoint_v a_o keeper_n of_o it_o during_o the_o wilful_a absence_n both_o of_o the_o king_n keeper_n and_o old_a great_a seal_n from_o parliament_n contrary_a to_o all_o law_n and_o former_a precedent_n for_o the_o better_a expedition_n of_o justice_n and_o transaction_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o parliament_n proper_a seal_n and_o ancient_o appoint_v by_o it_o as_o horne_n *_o 15._o precede_a word_n import_v the_o second_o precedent_n be_v that_o of_o king_n henry_n the_o 6_o his_o reign_n who_o be_v but_o a_o *_o grafton_n infant_n of_o 9_o month_n age_n when_o the_o crown_n descend_v to_o he_o there_o *_o 70._o issue_v forth_o a_o commission_n in_o this_o babe_n name_n to_o humphrey_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n his_o uncle_n than_o protector_n to_o summon_v and_o hold_v a_o parliament_n in_o his_o name_n which_o be_v assemble_v num._n 14._o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n lord_n chaeuncellor_n to_o henry_n the_o 5_o resign_v up_o the_o old_a seal_n of_o england_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o 6._o in_o the_o presence_n of_o divar_n credible_a witness_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n chancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n resign_v up_o also_o the_o seal_n of_o that_o dukedom_n to_o he_o after_o which_o num._n 15._o it_o be_v enact_v and_o provide_v by_o the_o lord_n protector_n lord_n and_o commons_o in_o that_o parliament_n that_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o crown_n of_o france_n england_n and_o ireland_n be_v now_o lawful_o descend_v to_o the_o king_n which_o title_n be_v not_o express_v in_o the_o king_n seal_n whereby_o great_a peril_n may_v accrue_v to_o the_o king_n if_o the_o say_a inscription_n be_v not_o reform_v according_a to_o his_o title_n of_o inheritance_n that_o therefore_o in_o all_o the_o king_n seal_n as_o well_o in_o england_n as_o in_o ireland_n gvyen_n and_o wales_n this_o new_a style_n shall_v be_v engrave_v henricus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la rex_fw-la francia_fw-la et_fw-la augliae_fw-la et_fw-la dominus_fw-la hibemiae_fw-la according_a to_o the_o effect_n of_o his_o inheritance_n blot_v out_o whatsoever_o be_v former_o in_o they_o superfluous_a or_o contrary_a to_o the_o say_a stile_n and_o that_o command_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o all_o the_o keeper_n of_o the_o say_a seal_n of_o the_o king_n to_o reform_v they_o without_o delay_n according_a to_o the_o form_n and_o effect_n of_o the_o new_a seal_n aforesaid_a num._n 16._o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o this_o parliament_n constitute_v and_o ordain_v a_o new_a lord_n chancelour_n of_o england_n lord_n treasurer_n and_o keeper_n of_o the_o privy_a seal_n grant_v they_o saverall_a letter_n patent_n of_o these_o office_n in_o parliament_n in_o the_o king_n name_n and_o num_fw-la 17._o the_o liberty_n annuity_n and_o office_n grant_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o 5._o and_o his_o ancestor_n to_o soldier_n in_o foreign_a part_n be_v confirm_v in_o parliament_n and_o their_o parent_n order_v to_o be_v seal_v with_o the_o king_n new_a seal_n with_o our_o pay_v any_o fee_n here_o we_o have_v not_o only_o the_o great_a but_o privy_a seal_n yea_o all_o the_o king_n seal_n in_o england_n ireland_n france_n wales_n resigned_n alter_a order_v to_o be_v new_o make_v and_o the_o chancellor_n and_o keeper_n of_o they_o express_o create_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n without_o any_o personal_a actual_a consent_n of_o the_o king_n than_o a_o infant_n for_o the_o necessary_a administration_n of_o justice_n and_o great_a affair_n of_o the_o realm_n no_o man_n ever_o question_v much_o less_o censure_v this_o act_n of_o they_o as_o illegal_a or_o treasonable_a within_o the_o statute_n of_o 25._o e._n 3._o of_o counterfeit_v the_o king_n seal_n but_o all_o approve_v it_o as_o just_a and_o necessary_a therefore_o doubtless_o the_o present_a parliament_n may_v do_v the_o like_a in_o this_o unparalleled_a case_n both_o of_o the_o king_n l._n keeper_n the_o great_a and_o privy_a seal_n wilful_a absence_n and_o substraction_n from_o the_o parliament_n of_o purpose_n to_o obstruct_v all_o proceed_n in_o parliament_n and_o the_o course_n of_o common_a justice_n these_o two_o famous_a precedent_n be_v not_o singular_a but_o back_v with_o the_o authority_n of_o judge_n horn_n forecited_a p._n 15._o and_o many_o other_o of_o like_a nature_n and_o reason_n even_o in_o print_a statute_n the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnel_n make_v in_o the_o 13._o year_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o for_o the_o more_o speedy_a recovery_n of_o the_o merchant_n debt_n give_v the_o mayor_n of_o london_n york_n and_o bristol_n authority_n to_o take_v recognizance_n of_o debt_n before_o they_o to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o clerk_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n whereunto_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o debtor_n shall_v be_v put_v with_o the_o king_n seal_n that_o shall_v be_v provide_v for_o that_o purpose_n the_o which_o seal_n shall_v remain_v in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o maior_fw-la and_o clerk_n a_o foresay_a and_o the_o king_n seal_n shall_v be_v put_v unto_o the_o sale_n and_o delivery_n of_o the_o good_n devisable_a for_o a_o perpetual_a witness_n we_o have_v here_o a_o new_a seal_n of_o the_o king_n with_o special_a keeper_n of_o it_o appoint_v for_o recognizance_n and_o the_o use_n thereof_o limit_v by_o a_o special_a act_n of_o parliament_n confirm_v in_o another_o parliament_n touch_v statute_n merchant_n make_v the_o same_o year_n 13._o e._n 1._o which_o further_o enact_v that_o another_o seal_n shall_v be_v provide_v that_o shall_v serve_v for_o fair_n and_o that_o the_o same_o

all_o case_n of_o this_o nature_n adjudge_v high_a treason_n attest_v whence_o it_o be_v style_v crimen_fw-la falsi_fw-la falsificatio_fw-la sigilli_fw-la etc._n etc._n by_o f_o bracton_n and_o other_o and_o such_o like_a offender_n fanscors_fw-la des_fw-fr sealx_fw-fr and_o the_o inditement_n must_v be_v that_o they_o do_v it_o proditory_a neither_o of_o which_o can_v be_v intend_v of_o 185_o or_o apply_v to_o the_o new_a make_n of_o a_o great_a seal_n by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n for_o the_o necessary_a administration_n of_o justice_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o realm_n when_o the_o great_a seal_n be_v subtract_v as_o now_o five_o the_o lord_n and_o parliament_n make_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o edward_n the_o 1_o and_o infancy_n of_o henry_n the_o 6_o without_o their_o privity_n or_o consent_n to_o supply_v the_o defect_n of_o justice_n which_o else_o will_v have_v ensue_v be_v never_o repute_v treason_n but_o a_o lawful_a act_n therefore_o the_o present_a make_n of_o a_o new_a seal_n to_o remedy_v the_o wilful_a absence_n of_o the_o old_a without_o the_o king_n consent_n who_o withhold_v it_o and_o the_o keeper_n from_o the_o parliament_n *_o 29_o against_o all_o law_n and_o former_a precedent_n can_v be_v no_o treason_n but_o a_o lawful_a act._n and_o since_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n in_o the_o absence_n infancy_n and_o dotage_n of_o their_o king_n have_v usual_o of_o right_n make_v lord_n protector_n and_o chancellor_n who_o have_v power_n over_o the_o great_a seal_n as_o i_o have_v e_o 87._o elsewhere_o large_o prove_v they_o may_v be_v the_o selfsame_a reason_n make_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n likewise_o to_o supply_v the_o wilful_a absence_n of_o the_o old_a final_o all_o the_o object_a statute_n and_o law_n book_n adjudge_v it_o high_a treason_n to_o counterfeit_v the_o king_n money_n as_o well_o as_o his_o seal_n and_o join_v they_o both_o together_o in_o one_o clause_n but_o the_o parliament_n have_v a_o long_a time_n coin_a money_n at_o the_o tower_n and_o make_v new_a stamp_n to_o do_v it_o when_o the_o old_a be_v break_v or_o wear_v out_o without_o any_o charge_n or_o tax_v of_o treason_n therefore_o they_o by_o like_o reason_n may_v make_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n without_o treason_n if_o any_o second_o object_n that_o to_o make_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n of_o engand_fw-mi be_v all_o one_o in_o effect_n as_o to_o make_v a_o new_a king_n of_o england_n i_o answer_v 1._o that_o to_o deface_v the_o king_n old_a seal_n and_o signet_n by_o public_a act_n of_o state_n as_o the_o hollander_n do_v the_o king_n of_o spain_n when_o they_o cast_v off_o his_o government_n for_o his_o tyranny_n which_o they_o h_o 188_o and_o popish_a author_n hold_v they_o may_v lawful_o do_v and_o to_o appoint_v new_a seal_n in_o every_o province_n only_o with_o the_o name_n and_o title_n of_o the_o private_a governor_n and_o provincial_n consul_n of_o every_o province_n without_o the_o name_n and_o title_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o authority_n they_o abjure_v with_o a_o solemn_a oath_n will_v in_o truth_n be_v to_o set_v up_o a_o new_a king_n and_o government_n but_o to_o make_v a_o new_a seal_n only_o like_o or_o not_o much_o different_a from_o the_o old_a to_o supply_v its_o absence_n with_o the_o king_n own_o picture_n arm_n stile_n and_o title_n be_v no_o way_n to_o impeach_v but_o confirm_v his_o royal_a authority_n be_v do_v in_o affirmance_n only_o not_o disaffirm_n of_o it_o as_o lawyer_n speak_v thus_o their_o make_n of_o a_o new_a seal_n in_o edward_n the_o 1._o and_o henry_n the_o 6._o his_o reign_n forementioned_a be_v the_o high_a confirmation_n of_o their_o authority_n and_o the_o great_a expression_n of_o the_o subject_n loyalty_n that_o may_v be_v and_o why_o the_o parliament_n make_v of_o a_o new_a great_a seal_n to_o supply_v the_o absence_n and_o defect_n of_o the_o old_a shall_v be_v deem_v a_o set_n up_o of_o a_o new_a king_n against_o his_o majesty_n more_o than_o the_o parliament_n frequent_a constitute_n of_o lord_n protector_n in_o former_a time_n to_o supply_v the_o infancy_n absence_n dotage_n or_o imperfection_n of_o our_o king_n of_o which_o i_o have_v cite_v you_o many_o precedent_n elsewhere_o which_o all_o esteem_v to_o be_v a_o ratification_n not_o nullification_n or_o alteration_n of_o their_o royal_a authority_n or_o the_o coin_v new_a money_n now_o to_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o old_a transcend_v my_o understanding_n to_o apprehend_v since_o those_o who_o may_v lawful_o make_v a_o viceroy_n to_o represent_v the_o person_n or_o execute_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o a_o king_n in_o his_o name_n and_o right_n may_v with_o as_o good_a reason_n and_o authority_n to_o make_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n to_o supply_v the_o defect_n and_o affect_a absence_n of_o the_o old_a the_o seal_n be_v less_o than_o the_o person_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o proper_a seal_n of_o the_o parliament_n 2._o this_o will_v further_o appear_v by_o consider_v in_o the_o second_o place_n what_o power_n and_o authority_n our_o parliament_n have_v claim_v and_o exercise_v as_o of_o right_a over_o the_o custody_n and_o dispose_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n first_o they_o have_v usual_o choose_v and_o nominate_v the_o lord_n chancellor_n and_o keeper_n both_o of_o the_o great_a and_o privy_a seal_n of_o england_n together_o with_o the_o lord_n protector_n lord_n treasurer_n privy_a counsellor_n and_o other_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o i_o have_v i_o 73._o elsewhere_o plentiful_o manifest_v and_o commit_v the_o great_a seal_n to_o the_o chancellor_n custody_n only_o second_o they_o have_v order_v k_o 49._o that_o the_o chancellor_n shall_v not_o be_v put_v from_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o seal_n nor_o the_o seal_n take_v from_o he_o without_o the_o common_a counsel_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n in_o parliament_n upon_o which_o ground_n ralph_n nevil_n bishop_n of_o chichester_n anno._n 1236_o when_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o upon_o a_o displeasure_n earnest_o demand_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o he_o be_v then_o lord_n chancellor_n absolute_o refuse_v to_o deliver_v it_o to_o the_o king_n say_v that_o he_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n do_v it_o see_v he_o have_v receive_v it_o by_o the_o common_a counsel_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o he_o neither_o can_v nor_o will_v resign_v it_o without_o the_o common_a counsell_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o wit_v the_o parliament_n yea_o the_o l_o 56._o parliament_n an._n 28._o of_o henry_n the_o three_o to_o prevent_v the_o abuse_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n which_o the_o king_n then_o begin_v to_o take_v from_o the_o chancellor_n into_o his_o own_o custody_n abuse_v it_o to_o ill_a end_n vote_v that_o if_o the_o king_n by_o any_o intervement_n occasion_n shall_v take_v away_o the_o great_a seal_n from_o the_o chancellor_n who_o shall_v always_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o parliament_n or_o its_o assent_n what_o soever_o shall_v be_v seal_v in_o the_o interim_n shall_v be_v repute_v void_a and_o frustrate_a till_o restitution_n of_o it_o be_v make_v to_o the_o chancellor_n after_o this_o the_o m_o 58._o parliament_n in_o richard_n the_o second_o his_o reign_n dispose_v both_o of_o the_o chancellor_n place_n and_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o henry_n scroop_n make_v lord_n chancellor_n by_o it_o refuse_v at_o first_o to_o deliver_v up_o the_o seal_n to_o the_o king_n who_o demand_v it_o of_o he_o and_o when_o he_o extort_a it_o from_o he_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v much_o displease_v and_o murmur_v against_o it_o three_o the_o chancellor_n of_o england_n n_o 71_o have_v resign_v up_o his_o office_n and_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n in_o and_o to_o the_o parliament_n who_o have_v dispose_v of_o it_o to_o a_o new_a chancellor_n in_o parliament_n as_o you_o may_v read_v in_o the_o parliament_n roles_n of_o 4._o h._n 6._o nu._n 14._o 15._o without_o the_o king_n and_o the_o o_o 5_o archbishop_n of_o york_n l._n chancellor_n of_o england_n when_o k._n edward_n the_o four_o die_v be_v much_o blame_v for_o deliver_v up_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n to_o the_o queen_n mother_n whereupon_o the_o seal_n be_v take_v from_o he_o and_o deliver_v by_o the_o l._n protector_n to_o dr._n russel_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n in_o regard_n of_o which_o dispose_v power_n both_o p_o parliament_n of_o the_o chancellor_n and_o great_a seal_n by_o parliament_n both_o of_o they_o be_v usual_o style_v in_o statute_n the_o act_n for_o triennial_a parliament_n history_n p_n the_o chancellur_n and_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n how_o the_o parliament_n have_v order_v and_o appoint_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o king_n other_o seal_n from_o time_n to_o time_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o forecited_a act_n and_o will_v not_o repeat_v but_o conclude_v that_o if_o our_o

parliament_n have_v enjoy_v such_o a_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o great_a seal_n the_o chancellor_n and_o keeper_n of_o it_o heretofore_o when_o there_o be_v just_a cause_n they_o may_v exercise_v the_o selfsame_a power_n over_o they_o now_o especial_o when_o both_o of_o they_o have_v be_v purposely_o withdraw_v and_o detain_v from_o the_o parliament_n so_o long_o to_o retard_v annihilate_v its_o proceed_n contrary_a to_o law_n and_o the_o act_n for_o its_o continuance_n three_o the_o parliament_n have_v exercise_v a_o power_n over_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o other_o seal_n of_o the_o king_n as_o the_o duchy_n seal_n exchequer_n seal_n seal_v of_o the_o court_n of_o word_n and_o livery_n of_o the_o court_n of_o augmentation_n of_o first_o fruit_n and_o ten_o staple_n surveyor_n seal_n of_o cloth_n and_o other_o merchandise_n safe_a conduct_n custom_n ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o the_o like_a in_o prescribe_v what_o patent_n charter_n commission_n protection_n warrant_n grant_n writ_n pardon_n shall_v be_v pass_v under_o they_o or_o any_o of_o they_o and_o what_o not_o and_o where_o the_o great_a and_o priety_n seal_n shall_v be_v use_v to_o promote_v right_a and_o where_o not_o use_v to_o stay_v right_a or_o justice_n in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o this_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o several_a statute_n of_o 13._o e._n 1._o of_o acton_n burnell_n and_o statute_n merchant_n 25._o e._n 1._o c._n 1._o 28._o e._n 1_o c._n 1._o 2._o 6._o 20_o 18._o e._n 2._o statute_n e._n 1_o prse_n 2._o e._n 3._o c._n 8._o 4._o e._n 3._o c._n 4._o 5._o e._n 3._o c._n 2._o 14._o e._n 3._o c._n 14._o 15._o stat._n 3._o c._n 1._o and_o stat._n 4._o 15._o e._n 3_o c._n 3._o 18._o e._n 3._o stat._n 2._o c._n 1._o 36._o e._n 3._o c._n 2._o 42._o e._n 3._o c._n 9_o 1._o r._n 2._o c._n 6._o 5._o r_o 3._o c._n 9_o 10._o 14._o 6._o r._n 2._o c._n 4._o 18._o r._n 2._o c_o 1._o 12_o r._n 2._o c._n 8._o 13_o r._n 2._o c._n 2._o 13_o r._n c._n 2._o stat._n 2_o c._n 16._o r._n 2_o c._n 6._o 2._o h._n 5._o c._n 4._o 5._o h_o 5_o c._n 7._o 10._o h._n 6._o c._n 7._o 15._o h._n 6._o c._n 3._o 20._o h._n 6._o c_o 1._o 31._o 13._o eliz_n c._n 7._o 14._o eliz._n c._n 6._o h._n 6._o c._n 2._o 1._o e._n 4._o c._n 1._o 3._o h._n 7._o c_o 1._o 4_o h._n 7._o c._n 14._o 14._o and_o 15._o h_o 8._o c_o 4._o 21._o h._n 8._o c._n 16._o 17._o 20._o 23._o h._n 8._o c._n 7._o 25._o h._n 8._o c._n 19_o 21._o 22._o 27._o h._n 8._o c._n 2._o 5_o 11._o 15._o 16._o 27._o 34._o and_o 35._o h._n 8._o c._n 16._o 21._o 26._o 1._o e._n 6._o c._n 2._o 5._o 8._o 12._o 14._o 3_o and_o 4._o e._n 6._o c._n 8_o 39_o eliz._n c._n 5._o 43._o eliz._n c._n 4._o 11._o 12._o 5._o and_o 6._o e._n 6._o c._n 1._o 1._o eliz._n c._n 1._o 5._o eliz._n c._n 1._o 4._o 2_o and_o 3._o phii._n and_o mar._n c._n 20._o above_o all_o by_o *_o 1._o the_o act_n for_o the_o prevent_a inconvenience_n happen_v by_o the_o long_a intermission_n of_o parliament_n make_v this_o parliament_n when_o full_a by_o his_o majesty_n and_o both_o house_n unanimous_a assent_n with_o infinite_a other_o statute_n and_o as_o the_o parliament_n have_v thus_o order_v and_o limit_v the_o use_n of_o the_o king_n own_o seal_n so_o likewise_o the_o seal_n of_o sheriff_n coroner_n corporation_n mayor_n of_o staples_n justice_n judge_n searcher_n and_o other_o officer_n together_o with_o the_o seal_n of_o juror_n elector_n of_o knight_n burgess_n of_o parliament_n and_o sundry_a other_o person_n as_o to_o public_a use_n witness_v the_o statute_n of_o rutland_n 10._o h._n 1._o 13._o e._n 1._o the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnell_n and_o of_o statute_n merchant_n 13._o e._n 1._o c._n 13._o 31._o 39_o the_o statute_n of_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la 18._o e._n 1._o 1._o e._n 3._o c._n 8._o 2._o e._n 3._o stat._n 3._o c._n 5._o 5._o e._n 3._o c._n 2._o 10._o e._n 3._o c._n 3._o 14._o e._n 3._o c._n 16._o 25._o e._n 3._o parl._n 5._o c._n 1._o 5._o 21._o 27._o e._n 3._o parl._n 2._o c._n 4._o parl._n 3._o c._n 1._o 9_o 42._o e._n 3._o c._n 3._o 43._o e._n 3._o c._n 1._o 12._o r._n 2._o c._n 7._o 8._o 13._o r._n 2._o c._n 11._o 18._o 1._o h._n 4._o c._n 19_o 2._o h._n 4._o c._n 17._o 4._o h._n 4._o c._n 6._o 7._o h._n 4._o c._n 13._o 9_o h._n 4._o c._n 2._o 11._o h._n 4._o c._n 6._o 1._o h._n 5._o c._n 9_o parl._n 2._o c._n 5._o 3._o h._n 5._o c._n 3._o stat._n 2._o 6._o h._n 6._o c._n 4._o 8._o h._n 6._o c._n 18._o 9_o h._n 6._o c._n 10._o 11._o h._n 6._o c._n 9_o 16._o 15._o h._n 6._o c._n 6._o 18._o h._n 6._o c._n 19_o 33._o h._n 6._o c._n 7._o 1._o e._n 4._o c._n 1._o 4._o e._n 4._o c._n 1._o 8._o e._n 4._o c._n 1._o 1._o r._n 3._o c._n 8._o 14._o and_o 15._o h._n 8._o c._n 3._o 23._o h._n 8._o c._n 7._o 25._o h._n 8_o c._n 19_o 26._o h._n 8._o c._n 14._o 1_o e._n 6._o c._n 14._o with_o other_o acts._n therefore_o the_o parliament_n may_v by_o the_o same_o or_o a_o like_a reason_n exercise_v a_o jurisdiction_n in_o make_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n and_o direct_v the_o ule_o of_o it_o for_o the_o common_a good_a to_o supply_v the_o absence_n of_o the_o old_a four_o the_o parliament_n have_v cause_v this_o new_a seal_n to_o be_v make_v principal_o to_o complete_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o by_o seal_v writ_n for_o new_a election_n of_o knight_n and_o burgess_n in_o place_n of_o the_o old_a who_o be_v dead_a or_o just_o expel_v and_o what_o power_n the_o kingdom_n and_o parliament_n have_v ancient_o exercise_v in_o this_o or_o the_o like_a case_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o brief_a account_n first_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o have_v sundry_a time_n in_o former_a age_n not_o only_o enforce_v our_o king_n to_o summon_v parliament_n against_o their_o will_n when_o necessary_a but_o likewise_o send_v out_o writ_n to_o summon_v a_o parliament_n and_o elect_a knight_n and_o burgess_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n in_o our_o king_n name_n without_o their_o privity_n and_o assent_n as_o i_o have_v *_o 16._o elsewhere_o manifest_v by_o sundry_a precedent_n and_o by_o the_o very_a act_n for_o the_o *_o 1._o triennial_a parliament_n assent_v unto_o by_o his_o majesty_n and_o all_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o who_o be_v or_o be_v with_o he_o at_o oxford_n this_o very_a session_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o in_o case_n the_o king_n refuse_v or_o neglect_v to_o summon_v a_o parliament_n every_o three_o year_n next_o after_o the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o last_o parliament_n precede_v it_o by_o writ_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n so_o frequent_o style_v in_o this_o act_n that_o then_o every_o lord_n chancellor_n of_o england_n the_o lord_n keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o every_o commissioner_n and_o commissioner_n for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n for_o the_o time_n be_v within_o six_o day_n after_o the_o ten_o day_n of_o september_n in_o every_o such_o three_o year_n shall_v in_o due_a form_n of_o law_n without_o any_o further_a warrant_n or_o direction_n from_o his_o majesty_n his_o heir_n or_o successor_n seal_n issue_n forth_o and_o send_v abroad_o several_a writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o respective_a peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o writ_n of_o election_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o several_a county_n city_n and_o borough_n of_o england_n and_o wales_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o elect_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o serve_v in_o parliament_n prescribe_v that_o every_o lord_n chancellor_n keeper_n and_o commissioner_n aforesaid_a shall_v take_v a_o oath_n true_o and_o faithful_o to_o issue_v forth_o and_o send_v abroad_o all_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n for_o both_o house_n at_o such_o time_n and_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o be_v express_v in_o this_o act_n under_o pain_n of_o be_v disable_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la from_o their_o place_n in_o case_n of_o refusal_n or_o neglect_n and_o then_o the_o lord_n be_v order_v to_o meet_v at_o westminster_n without_o writ_n or_o summons_n and_o any_o twelve_o of_o they_o be_v enable_v to_o grant_v out_o writ_n of_o summons_n under_o their_o hand_n and_o seal_n to_o all_o sheriff_n of_o county_n city_n and_o borough_n which_o shall_v be_v of_o the_o same_o force_n to_o all_o intent_n as_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o in_o case_n the_o lord_n neglect_v or_o refuse_v to_o issue_v such_o writ_n than_o the_o sheriff_n major_n and_o bailiff_n of_o county_n city_n and_o borough_n without_o any_o writ_n at_o

8._o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o other_o act_n be_v not_o delay_v nor_o deny_v to_o any_o subject_n that_o desire_v or_o need_v it_o be_v the_o supreme_a court_n of_o justice_n to_o punish_v all_o offence_n neglect_n supply_v all_o defect_n in_o the_o high_a officer_n of_o justice_n therefore_o to_o provide_v a_o new_a broad_a seal_n and_o keeper_n of_o it_o since_o public_a justice_n be_v deny_v to_o most_o obstruct_v delay_v to_o all_o by_o the_o unlegall_a wilful_a absence_n of_o the_o old_a great_a seal_n and_o lord_n keeper_n from_o the_o parliament_n and_o court_n at_o westminster_n five_o the_o house_n of_o parliament_n in_o point_n of_o honour_n trust_v duty_n more_o especial_o since_o their_o late_a protestation_n and_o covenant_n be_v bind_v universal_o to_o preserve_v their_o own_o just_a privilege_n right_n and_o liberty_n whereof_o these_o be_v indubitable_a one_o that_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n and_o keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n together_o with_o the_o seal_n itself_o remain_v in_o his_o custody_n ought_v always_o constant_o to_o attend_v the_o parliament_n and_o be_v present_a with_o it_o first_o x_o roll_v because_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n be_v always_o a_o necessary_a member_n of_o the_o vppor-house_n and_o the_o speaker_n of_o it_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o very_a office_n second_o because_o not_o only_o constant_a custom_n but_o y_o 10._o sundry_a act_n of_o parliament_n require_v the_o chancellor_n and_o keeper_n special_a presence_n in_o parliament_n in_o direct_a term_n three_o because_o the_o chancellor_n and_o great_a seal_n be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v necessary_o present_a in_o parliament_n be_v the_o only_a proper_a seal_n of_o this_o high_a court_n for_o divers_a public_a end_n 1._o to_o issue_v out_o writ_n z_o a._n of_o summons_n and_o new_a election_n for_o summon_v the_o member_n of_o both_o house_n as_o oft_o as_o there_o be_v need_n to_o keep_v the_o house_n complete_a 2._o to_o seal_v writ_n of_o a_o 65._o error_n bring_v in_o parliament_n 3._o to_o seal_v b_o 23._o writ_n of_o privilege_n for_o member_n of_o parliament_n or_o their_o menial_a servant_n when_o there_o be_v cause_n 4._o to_o issue_v and_o seal_v such_o c_o 271._o new_a writ_n as_o shall_v be_v devise_v in_o parliament_n upon_o new_a occasion_n 5._o to_o issue_v out_o and_o seal_v such_o d_o subsidy_n commission_n as_o shall_v be_v necessary_a upon_o public_a employment_n trial_n criminal_a or_o judicial_a tax_n or_o subsidy_n appoint_v in_o and_o by_o parliament_n 6._o to_o seal_v such_o e_o 3._o patent_n and_o charter_n of_o honour_n land_n privilege_n office_n and_o the_o like_a which_o shall_v be_v think_v meet_a to_o be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n as_o most_o old_a charter_n be_v 7._o to_o seal_v parliament_n pardon_n and_o all_o proclamation_n exemplification_n of_o private_a act_n of_o parliament_n and_o such_o act_n as_o be_v to_o be_v proclaim_v to_o such_o who_o require_v they_o 2_o h._n 5._o c._n 4._o 1_o r._n 2._o c._n 6._o 1_o h._n 7._o f._n 23._o 25._o coronc_fw-fr 49._o 33_o h._n 6._o 17._o parl._n 1._o 21_o e._n 4._o 56._o dyer_n 135._o cook_n l._n 8._o f._n 7._o 8._o 28._o 43_o e._n 3._o c._n 5._o 2_o h._n 5._o c._n 46._o 1_o h._n 6._o c._n 2._o 26_o e._n 3._o c._n 16._o ash_n table_n proclamation_n 39_o in_o all_o these_o respect_n with_o other_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n keeper_n and_o great_a seal_n presence_n be_v simple_o necessary_a in_o parliament_n where_o by_o law_n and_o custom_n they_o ever_o have_v be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v till_o this_o late_a precedent_n the_o house_n lawful_o may_v and_o in_o point_n both_o of_o honour_n and_o justice_n ought_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o own_o undoubted_a privilege_n to_o constitute_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n and_o keeper_n of_o it_o if_o the_o old_a be_v not_o return_v to_o they_o speedy_o have_v be_v wilful_o above_o twelve_o month_n space_n withdraw_v detain_v from_o they_o on_o purpose_n to_o dissolve_v the_o parliament_n retard_v or_o frustrate_v all_o its_o proceed_n and_o stop_v the_o common_a course_n of_o justice_n contrary_a to_o all_o law_n and_o justice_n in_o few_o word_n this_o parliament_n without_o any_o exception_n of_o king_n courtier_n malignant_n or_o any_o other_o i_o have_v yet_o hear_v of_o have_v make_v a_o new_a master_n of_o the_o mint_n at_o least_o restore_v a_o old_a one_o to_o his_o place_n who_o be_v dispossess_v coin_a money_n and_o make_v new_a stamp_n for_o that_o purpose_n where_o the_o old_a be_v break_v or_o wear_v out_o without_o the_o king_n consent_n or_o any_o tax_n of_o treason_n or_o disloyalty_n therefore_o by_o the_o selfsame_a law_n and_o reason_n they_o may_v lawful_o make_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n and_o lord_n keeper_n of_o it_o for_o the_o end_n aforesaid_a to_o supply_v the_o absence_n defect_n and_o prevent_v the_o gross_a abuse_n of_o the_o old_a without_o any_o treason_n or_o disloyalty_n the_o vote_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o together_o with_o their_o reason_n for_o the_o make_n of_o a_o new_a great_a seal_n of_o england_n present_v by_o they_o to_o the_o lord_n at_o a_o conference_n july_n 4._o and_o 5._o anno_fw-la 1643._o resolve_a upon_o the_o question_n june_n 14._o and_o 26._o 1._o that_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n ought_v to_o attend_v the_o parliament_n 2._o that_o the_o absence_n of_o it_o have_v be_v a_o cause_n of_o great_a mischief_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n 3._o that_o a_o remedy_n ought_v to_o be_v provide_v for_o these_o mischief_n 4._o that_o the_o proper_a remedy_n be_v by_o make_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n the_o mischief_n occasion_v by_o convey_v away_o the_o great_a seal_n from_o the_o parliament_n represent_v to_o the_o lord_n at_o a_o conference_n july_n 5._o 1643._o be_v these_o 1._o it_o be_v secret_o and_o unlawful_o carry_v away_o by_o the_o lord_n keeper_n contrary_a to_o the_o duty_n of_o his_o place_n who_o ought_v himself_o to_o have_v attend_v the_o parliament_n and_o not_o to_o have_v depart_v without_o leave_n nor_o shall_v have_v be_v suffer_v to_o convey_v away_o the_o great_a seal_n if_o his_o intention_n have_v be_v discover_v 2._o it_o have_v be_v since_o take_v away_o from_o he_o and_o put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o other_o dangerous_a and_o ill_o affect_v person_n so_o as_o the_o lord_n keeper_n be_v send_v unto_o by_o the_o parliament_n for_o the_o seal_n of_o some_o writ_n return_v answer_v that_o he_o can_v not_o seal_v the_o same_o because_o he_o have_v not_o the_o seal_n in_o his_o keep_n 3._o those_o who_o have_v have_v the_o manage_n thereof_o have_v employ_v it_o to_o the_o hurt_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o kingdom_n sundry_a way_n by_o make_v new_a sheriff_n in_o a_o unusual_a and_o unlawful_a manner_n to_o be_v as_o so_o many_o general_n or_o commander_n of_o force_n raise_v against_o the_o parliament_n by_o issue_v out_o illegal_a commission_n of_o array_n with_o other_o unlawful_a commission_n for_o the_o same_o purpose_n by_o send_v forth_o proclamation_n against_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n and_o several_a member_n thereof_o proclaim_v they_o traitor_n against_o the_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n and_o law_n of_o the_o land_n by_o seal_v commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n to_o proceed_v against_o they_o and_o other_o of_o his_o majesty_n good_a subject_n adhere_v to_o the_o parliament_n as_o traitor_n by_o send_v commission_n into_o ireland_n to_o treat_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o rebel_n there_o contrary_a to_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v this_o session_n beside_o divers_a other_o dangerous_a and_o illegal_a act_n have_v be_v pass_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n since_o it_o be_v secret_o convey_v away_o from_o the_o parliament_n whereby_o great_a calamity_n and_o mischief_n have_v ensue_v to_o the_o kingdom_n prejudice_n the_o mischief_n proceed_v through_o want_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n 1._o the_o term_n have_v be_v adjourn_v the_o 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to_o accept_v that_o honour_n an._n 1185._o c_o 69._o he_o thereupon_o summon_v a_o parliament_n as_o london_n on_o the_o 10._o of_o april_n wherein_o he_o charge_v all_o his_o subject_n with_o many_o adjuration_n to_o advise_v and_o resolve_v he_o what_o be_v best_a to_o be_v do_v in_o this_o case_n for_o the_o salvation_n of_o his_o sense_n and_o that_o he_o be_v resolve_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o follow_v their_o advice_n herein_o whereupon_o the_o parliament_n confer_v on_o the_o premise_n resolve_v that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o wholesome_a for_o the_o king_n soul_n other_o that_o he_o sholud_v govern_v his_o own_o kingdom_n with_o due_a moderation_n and_o defend_v it_o from_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o barbarous_a

french_a then_o to_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o those_o in_o the_o east_n in_o proper_a person_n which_o i_o only_o note_v in_o the_o by_o have_v omit_v it_o in_o its_o due_a place_n first_o to_o manifest_v what_o high_a esteem_n our_o king_n have_v have_v of_o the_o resolution_n and_o advise_v of_o their_o parliament_n to_o which_o they_o whole_o submit_v their_o own_o judgement_n acquiesce_v in_o their_o resolve_n second_o to_o evidence_n the_o soveveraigne_a power_n of_o parliament_n over_o our_o king_n then_o who_o may_v not_o desert_v the_o realm_n not_o take_v any_o new_a honour_n or_o dominion_n upon_o they_o without_o their_o previous_a consent_n and_o advice_n three_o to_o show_v the_o duty_n of_o king_n to_o their_o subject_n and_o kingdom_n king_n richard_n the_o first_o succeed_v his_o father_n henry_n the_o second_o rather_o by_o election_n than_o succession_n and_o d_o 530._o not_o style_v a_o king_n by_o our_o ancient_a writer_n before_o his_o coronation_n be_v the_o first_o of_o all_o our_o king_n as_o our_o e_o a._n writer_n accord_n who_o seal_v with_o a_o seal_n of_o arm_n all_o our_o former_a king_n seal_n be_v but_o the_o picture_n of_o the_o king_n sit_v in_o a_o throne_n on_o the_o one_o side_n of_o the_o seal_n and_o on_o horseback_n on_o the_o other_o side_n in_o divers_a form_n with_o various_a inscription_n of_o their_o name_n and_o style_n which_o you_o may_v view_v in_o speed_n but_o this_o king_n bear_v two_o lion_n rampant_a combatant_n in_o a_o shield_n in_o his_o first_o and_o three_o lion_n passant_a in_o his_o latter_a seal_n bear_v ever_o after_o by_o our_o king_n as_o the_o royal_a arm_n of_o england_n his_o first_o f_o grafton_n chancellor_n be_v william_n longchamp_n bishop_n of_o elie_n legate_n to_o the_o pope_n who_o he_o make_v his_o viceroy_n and_o justiciar_n of_o england_n when_o he_o go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n against_o the_o saracen_n commit_v the_o kingdom_n to_o his_o government_n chief_o who_o infinite_o 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and_o apostolicae_fw-la sedis_fw-la legatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n have_v autem_fw-la dignitates_fw-la quos_fw-la pretio_fw-la obtinuerat_fw-la immoderato_fw-la excessu_fw-la exercuit_fw-la volens_fw-la locellos_fw-la quas_fw-la in_fw-la earum_fw-la impetratione_fw-la evacuerat_fw-la reficere_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o chancellor_n as_o be_v probable_a have_v the_o custody_n of_o one_o part_n of_o the_o seal_n in_o this_o king_n absence_n for_o the_o better_a administration_n of_o justice_n though_o the_o king_n carry_v the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n with_o he_o into_o the_o war_n pretend_v to_o be_v there_o lose_v as_o you_o shall_v present_o hear_v i_o find_v divers_a of_o this_o king_n charter_n letter_n writ_n before_o and_o after_o his_o voyage_n to_o the_o holy-land_n recite_v in_o i_o 748._o hoveden_n these_o charter_n which_o questionless_a be_v seal_v with_o his_o seal_n be_v subscribe_v by_o sundry_a witness_n the_o writ_n and_o charter_n conclude_v with_o a_o teste_fw-la meipso_fw-la apud_fw-la chinonem_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o charter_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o sadburgh_n to_o hugh_n bishop_n of_o durham_n 132._o be_v thus_o date_v datum_fw-la anno_fw-la primo_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la 18_o die_fw-la septembris_fw-la apud_fw-la eatingat_fw-la per_fw-la manum_fw-la willielmi_fw-la de_fw-fr longo_fw-la campo_fw-it cancellarii_fw-la nostri_fw-la during_o this_o king_n richard_n imprisonment_n in_o germany_n henry_n the_o emperor_n send_v letter_n to_o the_o noble_n of_o england_n for_o this_o king_n by_o william_n longchamp_n his_o chancellor_n aurea_fw-la bulla_fw-la imbullatas_fw-la in_fw-la hac_fw-la forma_fw-la seal_v with_o a_o golden_a bull_n in_o this_o form_n and_o soon_o after_o this_o k_o 730._o chancellor_n william_n briwere_v and_o other_o conclude_v a_o peace_n between_o this_o king_n and_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n authorize_v thereto_o by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n these_o commissioner_n not_o only_o swear_v to_o but_o seal_v the_o article_n of_o this_o truce_n as_o this_o close_a of_o it_o manifest_v quae_fw-la omnia_fw-la praedicta_fw-la ut_fw-la rata_fw-la permaneant_fw-la et_fw-la inconcussa_fw-la ego_fw-la willielmus_fw-la de_fw-la rupibus_fw-la and_o ego_fw-la joannes_n de_fw-fr pratellis_fw-la and_o ego_fw-la willielmus_fw-la briwere_n per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la domini_fw-la nostri_fw-la sigillorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la attestatione_fw-la roboravimus_fw-la actum_fw-la meduneae_fw-la anno_fw-la ab_fw-la incarnatione_fw-la domini_fw-la 1193._o octav●_z idus_fw-la julii_fw-la and_o the_o very_o next_o year_n the_o l_o 743._o letter_n and_o instrument_n of_o the_o truce_n make_v between_o these_o two_o king_n by_o drogo_n and_o anselm_n and_o swear_v by_o they_o in_o the_o french_a king_n behalf_n have_v this_o conclusion_n et_fw-la nos_fw-la ut_fw-la omnia_fw-la praedicta_fw-la firma_fw-la sint_fw-la and_o stabilita_fw-la universa_fw-la praedicta_fw-la sigillis_fw-la nostris_fw-la roboravimus_fw-la actum_fw-la inter_fw-la vernelium_n and_o thiler_n anno_fw-la incarnati_fw-la verbi_fw-la 1194._o 23_o die_fw-la iulii_fw-la king_n richard_n be_v release_v this_o very_a year_n which_o be_v the_o six_o of_o his_o reign_n out_o of_o prison_n and_o new_o crown_v among_o other_o oppressve_fw-la project_n to_o raise_v money_n to_o maintain_v his_o war_n which_o make_v he_o a_o extraordinary_a oppressiour_fw-fr of_o his_o people_n m_o other_o cause_v a_o new_a broad_a seal_n to_o be_v make_v the_o portraiture_n whereof_o you_o may_v view_v in_o speed_n pretend_v that_o the_o old_a be_v lose_v when_o roger_n his_o vicechancellor_n be_v drown_v before_o cyprus_n and_o that_o his_o chancellor_n during_o his_o imprisonment_n have_v abuse_v this_o seal_n whereupon_o he_o take_v it_o from_o he_o require_v and_o command_v that_o all_o person_n as_o well_o clergy_n man_n as_o lay_v man_n who_o have_v charter_n or_o confirmation_n under_o his_o old_a seal_n shall_v bring_v they_o in_o to_o be_v renew_a under_o his_o new_a seal_n and_o unless_o they_o do_v so_o that_o nothing_o which_o have_v be_v pass_v by_o his_o old_a seal_n shall_v be_v ratify_v or_o hold_v good_a in_o law_n by_o which_o device_n he_o draw_v a_o great_a mass_n of_o money_n to_o his_o treasury_n subscribe_v his_o new-sealed_a charter_n thus_o this_o be_v the_o tenor_n of_o our_o charter_n under_o our_o first_o seal_n which_o because_o it_o be_v lose_v and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o our_o be_v captive_a in_o almaigne_n in_o the_o power_n of_o another_o we_o cause_v to_o be_v change_v etc._n etc._n which_o n_o 785._o hoveden_n thus_o relate_v et_fw-la imputans_fw-la cancellario_fw-la suo_fw-la hoc_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la factum_fw-la abstulit_fw-la ab_o eo_fw-la sigillum_fw-la suum_fw-la et_fw-la facit_fw-la sib_fw-la novum_fw-la sigillum_fw-la fieri_fw-la tum_fw-la quia_fw-la cancellarius_fw-la ille_fw-la operatus_fw-la fuerat_fw-la inde_fw-la 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charter_n be_v seal_v with_o his_o great_a seal_n second_o that_o the_o abuse_n loss_n or_o absence_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n to_o make_v a_o new_a one_o three_o that_o the_o profit_n make_v by_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o project_n of_o raise_v money_n by_o new_a charter_n seal_v with_o it_o be_v the_o true_a original_a cause_n all_o seal_n of_o charter_n and_o writ_n with_o his_o seal_n and_o make_v it_o simple_o necessary_a in_o law_n there_o be_v no_o public_a resolution_n or_o

crimen_fw-la falsi_fw-la quod_fw-la in_fw-la quadam_fw-la sui_fw-la specie_fw-la tangit_fw-la coronam_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la vt_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la accusatus_fw-la fucrit_fw-la vel_fw-la convictus_fw-la falsificationis_fw-la sigilli_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la consignando_fw-la inde_fw-la chartas_n vel_fw-la brevia_fw-la writ_n than_o be_v seal_v with_o the_o king_n seal_n as_o well_o as_o patent_n and_o apponendo_fw-la signa_fw-la adulterina_fw-la quo_fw-la casu_fw-la si_fw-la inveniatur_fw-la inde_fw-la culpabilis_fw-la vel_fw-la seisitus_fw-la si_fw-la warrantum_fw-la non_fw-la habuerit_fw-la pro_fw-la voluntate_fw-la regis_fw-la judicium_fw-la sustinebit_fw-la how_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n be_v elect_v and_o the_o great_a seal_n dispose_v of_o by_o parliament_n in_o this_o king_n reign_n i_o have_v a_o 93._o elsewhere_o relate_v and_o shall_v touch_v again_o anon_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o proclaim_v king_n during_o his_o absence_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n his_o b_o 1._o lord_n and_o state_n without_o his_o privity_n make_v both_o a_o new_a great_a seal_n and_o chancellor_n to_o keep_v it_o 48._o with_o which_o in_o the_o 25_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n in_o parliament_n and_o in_o another_o parliament_n in_o the_o 28_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n it_o be_v enact_v that_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o england_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n shall_v be_v deliver_v to_o every_o sheriff_n of_o england_n under_o the_o king_n great_a seal_n act_n to_o be_v read_v four_o several_a time_n in_o the_o year_n before_o the_o people_n in_o the_o full_a county_n and_o for_o these_o two_o charter_n to_o be_v firm_o observe_v in_o every_o point_n and_o article_n wherein_o no_o remedy_n be_v before_o at_o the_o common_a law_n there_o shall_v be_v choose_v in_o every_o shire_n court_n by_o the_o *_o parliament_n commonalty_n of_o the_o say_a shire_n three_o substantial_a knight_n or_o other_o lawful_a wise_a and_o well_o dispose_a person_n to_o be_v justice_n which_o shall_v be_v assign_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v without_o any_o other_o write_v but_o only_o their_o commission_n such_o plaint_n as_o shall_v be_v make_v against_o all_o those_o as_o commit_v or_o offend_v against_o any_o point_n contain_v in_o the_o foresay_a article_n in_o the_o shire_n where_o they_o be_v assign_v as_o well_o within_o franchise_n as_o without_o etc._n etc._n also_o e_o 2._o that_o all_o the_o king_n taker_n purveyor_n or_o rator_n from_o henceforth_o shall_v have_v their_o warrant_n with_o they_o under_o the_o king_n great_a or_o petty_a seal_n declare_v their_o authority_n and_o the_o thing_n whereof_o they_o have_v power_n to_o make_v price_n or_o purveyance_n the_o which_o warrant_v they_o shall_v show_v to_o they_o who_o good_n they_o take_v before_o that_o they_o take_v any_o thing_n and_o chap._n 6_o there_o shall_v no_o writ_n from_o henceforth_o that_o touch_v the_o common_a law_n go_v forth_o under_o any_o of_o the_o petty_a seal_n these_o be_v the_o first_o statute_n law_n extant_a prescribe_v that_o the_o king_n charter_n patent_n commission_n warrant_n writ_n shall_v issue_v forth_o under_o the_o great_a or_o petty_a seal_n though_o they_o do_v so_o usual_o before_o his_o reign_n rather_o through_o custom_n which_o creep_v in_o by_o little_a and_o little_a by_o degree_n from_o edward_n the_o confessor_n day_n unto_o this_o very_a parliament_n as_o the_o premise_n evidence_n till_o it_o get_v the_o reputation_n of_o a_o receive_v common_a law_n and_o usage_n and_o at_o last_o be_v thus_o establish_v as_o simple_o necessary_a by_o these_o present_a act_n which_o se●led_v the_o law_n in_o point_n of_o necessity_n of_o seal_v all_o writ_n charter_n patent_n with_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o add_v such_o majesty_n to_o the_o seal_n itself_o that_o britton_n a_o eminent_a judge_n and_o lawyer_n flourish_v in_o this_o king_n reign_n write_v his_o book_n as_o in_o this_o king_n name_n reso_fw-la ve_z express_o c._n 3._o f._n 10._o etc._n etc._n 8._o f._n 16._o that_o the_o *_o 15._o counterfeit_n of_o the_o king_n seal_n be_v high_a treason_n and_o that_o the_o justice_n ought_v to_o inquire_v concerning_o the_o falsifier_n of_o the_o seal_n not_o only_o whether_o any_o have_v actual_o connterfeit_v it_o but_o also_o whether_o any_o have_v hang_v any_o seal_n by_o a_o engyn_n to_o any_o charter_n without_o licence_n or_o have_v steal_v or_o take_v away_o any_o seal_n or_o otherwise_o find_v it_o have_v seal_a writ_n without_o other_o authority_n and_o chap._n 48._o exception_n aur_fw-it brefe_n f._n 122._o he_o write_v it_o be_v a_o good_a exception_n to_o abato_n a_o writ_n s●ule_fw-fr brete_n ne_fw-la fuit_fw-la unque_n enseale_v de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr seal_n ou_fw-fr si_fw-fr le_fw-fr ordinance_n et_fw-fr le_fw-fr seal_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr chancery_n we_o s●it_a point_n contenu_fw-fr and_o andrew_n horn_n another_o great_a lawyer_n live_v in_o or_o near_o this_o time_n in_o his_o my●rour_n of_o justice_n cap._n 3._o sect._n 6._o p._n 191._o among_o exception_n to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o judge_n enumerate_v this_o for_o one_o if_o the_o commission_n be_v not_o seal_v with_o the_o king_n great_a seal_n of_o the_o chancery_n car_n all_o privy_a seal_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr ou_fw-fr all_o sealed_n sealed_n l'_fw-fr exchequer_n ou_fw-fr autre_fw-fr seal_n forsque_fw-la solement_n all_o seal_n que_fw-fr est_fw-fr assign_v dée_fw-mi conud_a conud_a le_fw-fr cominalty_n del_fw-it peopl_fw-fr and_o nosmement_n en_fw-fr jurisdiction_n and_o bre_n original_n ne_fw-fr estoit_fw-fr a_fw-fr nul_fw-fr obeyer_n des_fw-fr letes_z and_o usage_n ●el_v royalme_a st_z non_fw-la solement_n pur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr du_fw-mi elle_fw-fr puira_fw-la ée_fw-fr viciouse_a pur_fw-mi le_fw-fr seal_n counterfoit_fw-fr ou_fw-fr anterment_n faux_fw-fr this_o falsify_n of_o the_o king_n seal_n to_o writ_n cap._n 1_o sect._n 6._o de_fw-la fansonners_n pag._n 28_o 29._o he_o make_v a_o crime_n next_o to_o high_a treason_n which_o forge_v he_o say_v may_v be_v indivers_a manner_n as_o where_o a_o writ_n be_v seal_v whereof_o the_o gross_a and_o matter_n or_o the_o form_n be_v not_o avowable_a by_o the_o king_n nor_o by_o the_o law_n nor_o by_o the_o right_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n if_o a_o man_n seal_n after_o that_o the_o chancellor_n or_o other_o keeper_n know_v that_o he_o have_v lose_v his_o warrant_n by_o death_n or_o any_o other_o manner_n when_o a_o writ_n or_o letter_n pass_v the_o seal_n against_o the_o king_n defence_n when_o man_n seal_v with_o counterfeit_a seal_n or_o seal_v by_o ill_a art_n or_o warrant_v not_o avowable_a and_o so_o it_o be_v falsehood_n in_o those_o who_o seal_n and_o have_v no_o authority_n and_o chap._n 4._o sect._n 2._o p._n 233._o thus_o *_o day_n our_o ancient_n ordain_v a_o seal_n and_o a_o chancellor_n for_o to_o keep_v it_o and_o to_o give_v remeliable_a writ_n to_o all_o person_n without_o delay_n then_o describe_v what_o manner_n of_o writ_n must_v issue_v he_o conclude_v thus_o and_o now_o may_v justice_n sheriff_n and_o their_o clark_n withdraw_v race_n amend_v and_o impair_v they_o without_o discern_v or_o pain_n for_o the_o writ_n that_o be_v make_v close_o to_o the_o abuse_n of_o right_a wherefore_o the_o seal_n only_a be_v the_o jurisdiction_n assignable_a to_o all_o plaintiff_n without_o difficulty_n and_o to_o do_v this_o the_o chancellor_n be_v chargeable_a by_o oath_n in_o allegiance_n of_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o king_n that_o he_o shall_v *_o 29._o neither_o deny_v nor_o delay_n to_o render_v right_a or_o a_o writ_n remediable_a to_o any_o one_o thus_o have_v i_o give_v you_o a_o brief_a historical_a and_o legal_a narration_n of_o the_o original_a growth_n progress_n use_v and_o necessity_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o make_v subscribe_v and_o seal_v charter_n patent_n writ_n with_o other_o instrument_n in_o our_o realm_n from_o king_n aethelbert_n first_o charter_n anno_fw-la 605._o till_o the_o end_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o his_o reign_n when_o seal_n and_o *_o 6._o seal_v grow_v more_o common_a and_o our_o ordinary_a law-book_n which_o recite_v few_o or_o none_o of_o the_o premise_n begin_v to_o make_v mention_n of_o seal_n and_o seal_v of_o who_o autiquity_n kind_n and_o present_a use_n in_o point_n of_o law_n if_o any_o desire_v further_a satisfaction_n let_v they_o consult_v with_o polydor_n virgil_n de_fw-la inventoribus_fw-la rerum_fw-la lib._n 8._o cap._n 2._o henrici_fw-la spelmani_fw-la glossarium_fw-la title_n bulla_fw-la rastal_n exposition_n of_o the_o term_n of_o the_o law_n title_n faits_fw-fr sir_n edward_n cork_n institute_n on_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la pag._n 554_o 555_o 556._o his_o 11_o report_n f._n 92._o and_o ash_n table_n title_n seales_n it_o be_v not_o my_o intention_n to_o trouble_v the_o reader_n

here_o with_o trivial_a common_a thing_n concerning_o seal_n or_o seal_v but_o only_o with_o such_o antiquity_n and_o rarity_n as_o be_v not_o common_o know_v nor_o mention_v in_o our_o law_n book_n the_o king_n and_o parliament_n several_a and_o joint_a interest_n in_o and_o power_n over_o the_o new-making_n keep_v order_v of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n have_v thus_o trace_v out_o the_o original_n progress_n use_n and_o necessity_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n through_o the_o obscure_a path_n of_o abstruse_a antiquity_n with_o as_o much_o verity_n perspicuity_n brevity_n as_o possible_a i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n summary_o examine_v what_o several_a or_o joint_a interest_n the_o king_n kingdom_n and_o parliament_n have_v in_o what_o power_n or_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o new-making_n keep_v or_o use_v thereof_o for_o the_o better_a assoyl_n of_o which_o grand_a question_n now_o in_o public_a agitation_n i_o shall_v premise_v these_o three_o proposition_n and_o distinction_n which_o will_v much_o conduce_v to_o the_o clear_n and_o resolution_n of_o this_o doubt_n first_o that_o our_o king_n great_a and_o petty_a seal_n when_o original_o invent_v and_o while_o the_o use_n of_o they_o be_v only_o private_a or_o mere_o arbitrary_a not_o simple_o necessary_a in_o point_n of_o law_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n or_o transaction_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v proper_a and_o peculiar_a to_o themselves_o alone_o and_o in_o their_o own_o dispose_n power_n only_o as_o every_o private_a man_n seal_n now_o be_v they_o use_v they_o only_o as_o private_a not_o as_o public_a person_n in_o their_o natural_a not_o politic_a capacity_n but_o after_o that_o these_o seal_n by_o use_n and_o custom_n become_v simple_o necessary_a for_o the_o public_a execution_n of_o justice_n and_o affair_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o our_o king_n make_v use_v of_o they_o in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n as_o head_n or_o supreme_a governor_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o public_a minister_n thereof_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o parliament_n by_o this_o occasion_n and_o upon_o this_o reason_n come_v to_o gain_v a_o public_a interest_n in_o and_o jurisdiction_n over_o these_o seal_n as_o well_o as_o our_o king_n even_o as_o in_o all_o other_o inferior_a corration_n the_o commonalty_n as_o well_o as_o the_o major_n in_o city_n and_o borough_n the_o chapter_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n or_o dean_n the_o covent_n as_o well_o as_o the_o abbot_n or_o prior_n the_o warden_n assistant_n and_o whole_a company_n as_o well_o as_o the_o master_n the_o fellow_n of_o college_n as_o well_o as_o the_o precedent_n have_v a_o public_a interest_n in_o and_o power_n over_o their_o several_a corporation-seal_n make_v only_o for_o their_o common_a good_a and_o affair_n as_o i_o shall_v manifest_v in_o the_o sequel_n and_o in_o this_o respect_n the_o great_a seal_n come_v to_o be_v common_o call_v *_o other_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n in_o our_o act_n as_o in_o 14._o and_o 15._o hen_n 8._o c._n 4._o 34_o and_o 35_o hen_n 8._o c._n 26._o 1_o ed._n 6._o c._n 44._o 3_o and_o 4_o ed._n 6_o c._n 12._o 2_o and_o 3_o phil._n and_o mar._n cap._n 20._o 1_o eliz._n cap._n 1._o 5_o eliz._n cap._n 1._o 8_o eliz._n cap._n 1._o 13_o eliz_n cap._n 6_o 7_o 9_o 18_o eliz._n cap._n 2._o 23_o eliz._n cap._n 14._o 39_o eliz._n cap._n 6_o 43_o eliz._n cap._n 4._o 5_o eliz._n cap._n 18._o a_o act_n declare_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o lord_n keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n frequent_o thus_o style_v in_o this_o act_n and_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n to_o be_v one_o 1_o jac._n c._n 28._o 1_o car._n c._n 2._o 16_o car._n c._n 1._o with_o sundry_a other_o act_n to_o omit_v law-book_n and_o historier_n and_o be_v thus_o become_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n the_o parliament_n the_o representative_a body_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n of_o england_n must_v necessary_o have_v a_o interest_n in_o and_o jurisdiction_n over_o it_o in_o all_o public_a respect_n even_o so_o far_o as_o to_o new_a make_v it_o when_o there_o be_v need_n and_o to_o dispose_v it_o for_o necessary_a affair_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o realm_n when_o the_o old_a seal_n the_o proper_a seal_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v purposely_o subtract_v yea_o deny_v they_o for_o necessary_a public_a use_n second_o that_o after_o the_o great_a seal_n become_v common_a and_o necessary_a to_o most_o public_a affair_n in_o which_o regard_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o parliament_n come_v to_o have_v a_o right_a in_o and_o power_n over_o it_o so_o in_o other_o respect_n the_o king_n still_o retain_v a_o peculiar_a interest_n and_o prerogative_n in_o it_o in_o all_o arbitrary_a matter_n of_o royal_a grace_n and_o favour_n to_o which_o he_o be_v no_o way_n oblige_v in_o point_n of_o law_n in_o which_o respect_n it_o be_v call_v the_o king_n great_a seal_n as_o first_o in_o case_n of_o general_a or_o particular_a charter_n of_o pardon_n second_o of_o indenization_n or_o enfranchisment_n three_o of_o erect_v new_a corporation_n or_o confirm_v old_a four_o of_o dispense_v with_o some_o kind_n of_o law_n penalty_n and_o forfeiture_n five_o of_o confer_v some_o kind_n of_o less_o public_a office_n and_o annuity_n for_o service_n perform_v or_o to_o be_v execute_v six_o of_o grant_v new_a liberty_n or_o franchise_n of_o grace_n to_o corporation_n or_o private_a subject_n seven_o of_o create_v or_o confer_v new_a honour_n on_o deserve_a man_n eight_o of_o licence_n for_o mortmain_n impropriation_n alienation_n consecration_n of_o new_a church_n or_o chapel_n etc._n etc._n nine_o of_o public_a collection_n for_o person_n or_o town_n distress_v through_o fire_n shipwreck_n or_o other_o casualty_n ten_o of_o private_a negotiation_n with_o foreign_a prince_n state_n or_o subject_n and_o some_o kind_n of_o protection_n commission_n of_o grace_n rather_o than_o right_a or_o justice_n in_o all_o these_o and_o such_o like_a particular_n of_o mere_a grace_n or_o less_o public_a concernment_n the_o kingdom_n and_o parliament_n neither_o proper_o have_v nor_o pretend_v to_o have_v any_o public_a right_n or_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o great_a or_o petty_a seal_n but_o leave_v they_o absolute_o free_a to_o the_o king_n as_o if_o they_o be_v his_o own_o private_a seal_n alone_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o his_o charter_n pardon_n grant_n license_n dispensation_n protection_n commission_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v consonant_a to_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o not_o repugnant_a to_o they_o three_o the_o parliament_n and_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o to_o all_o public_a affair_n of_o state_n and_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n to_o all_o the_o subject_n have_v commit_v the_o make_v lawful_a use_n power_n and_o disposal_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n in_o trust_n to_o the_o king_n as_o to_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n and_o justitiar_n over_o which_o they_o never_o claim_v a_o constitute_n or_o dispose_v jurisdiction_n while_o it_o be_v right_o manage_v according_a to_o law_n but_o if_o this_o seal_n be_v either_o wilful_o abuse_v or_o subtract_v contrary_a to_o law_n or_o trust_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o obstruction_n of_o public_a justice_n or_o violation_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n and_o not_o redress_v after_o several_a complaint_n and_o petition_n of_o the_o house_n to_o the_o king_n for_o reformation_n of_o this_o grievance_n whether_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o parliament_n in_o such_o a_o case_n as_o this_o who_o have_v authority_n to_o remedy_v the_o grievance_n the_o abuse_n or_o wilful_a absence_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n have_v not_o likewise_o a_o lawful_a sovereign_a power_n to_o make_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n and_o appoint_v a_o keeper_n of_o it_o for_o supply_v the_o absence_n regulate_v the_o abuse_n of_o the_o old_a remove_v obstruction_n of_o public_a justice_n fill_v up_o the_o commons_o house_n by_o issue_v writ_n to_o elect_a knight_n and_o burgess_n in_o the_o place_n of_o such_o as_o be_v dead_a or_o just_o expel_v now_o deny_v seal_v of_o writ_n of_o error_n in_o parliament_n and_o other_o such_o public_a parliamentary_a affair_n necessary_o require_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n the_o proper_a seal_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n which_o have_v no_o other_o seal_n but_o it_o and_o lord_n chancellor_n the_o ordinary_a speaker_n of_o the_o lord_n house_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o very_a office_n in_o all_o age_n and_o so_o his_o and_o the_o great_a seal_n presence_n absolute_o necessary_a unless_o dispense_v with_o by_o the_o house_n upon_o inevitable_a occasion_n of_o absence_n be_v the_o sole_a question_n now_o in_o debate_n and_o under_o correction_n in_o this_o case_n and_o for_o these_o

shall_v be_v send_v unto_o every_o fair_a under_o the_o king_n seal_n by_o a_o clerk_n swear_v or_o by_o the_o keeper_n of_o the_o fair_a and_o of_o the_o commonalty_n of_o london_n two_o merchant_n shall_v be_v choose_v than_o shall_v swear_v and_o the_o seal_n shall_v be_v open_v before_o they_o and_o one_o piece_n shall_v be_v deliver_v unto_o the_o foresay_a merchant_n and_o the_o other_o shall_v remain_v with_o the_o clerk_n 13._o h._n 8._o c._n 6._o 2._o and_o 3._o e._n 6._o c._n 31._o second_o those_o acts._n 27._o e._n 3._o parl._n 2._o c._n 1._o 9_o enact_v that_o the_o mayor_n of_o the_o staple_n shall_v have_v power_n to_o take_v recognisance_n of_o debt_n which_o a_o man_n will_v make_v before_o he_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o constable_n of_o the_o staple_n or_o one_o of_o they_o and_o that_o in_o every_o of_o the_o say_a staple_n be_v a_o seal_n ordain_v remain_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o say_a maior_fw-la of_o the_o staple_n under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o same_o constable_n which_o be_v again_o enact_v 15._o r._n 2._o ch._n 9_o and_o 8._o h._n 6._o c._n 18._o the_o act_n of_o 12._o r._n 2._o c._n 3._o and_o 7._o ordain_v that_o a_o seal_n of_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v make_v assign_v and_o deliver_v to_o the_o keep_n of_o some_o good_a man_n of_o the_o hundred_o rape_n or_o wapentake_n city_n or_o burrow_n after_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n to_o be_v keep_v to_o this_o intent_n to_o make_v letter_n patent_n to_o servant_n labourer_n vagabond_n pilgrim_n who_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o hundred_o rape_n or_o wapentake_n where_o they_o live_v to_o serve_v or_o dwell_v else_o where_o etc._n etc._n and_o that_o about_o the_o same_o seal_n shall_v be_v write_v the_o name_n of_o the_o county_n and_o overthwart_o the_o say_a seal_n the_o name_n of_o the_o hundred_o rape_n or_o wapentake_n city_n or_o burrow_n and_o 14._o r_o 2._o 11._o enact_n that_o seal_n be_v make_v for_o the_o servant_n and_o deliver_v unto_o the_o keep_n of_o some_o good_a man_n of_o the_o county_n after_o the_o purport_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n here_o the_o king_n new_a seal_n form_n of_o it_o and_o keeper_n too_o be_v order_v by_o parliament_n the_o statute_n of_o 27._o e._n 3._o c._n 4._o 3._o r._n 2._o c._n 2._o 15._o r._n 2._o c._n 10._o 17._o r._n 2._o c_o 2_o prescribe_v a_o new_a seal_n to_o the_o king_n aulnegeor_n and_o collecton_n of_o subsidy_n wherewith_o all_o clothes_n shall_v be_v seal_v before_o they_o be_v sell_v under_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n 1._o h._n 4._o c._n 19_o and_o 9_o h._n 4._o c._n 2._o it_o be_v enact_v that_o certain_a clothes_n shall_v not_o be_v seal_v by_o they_o for_o three_o year_n 4._o h._n 4_o c._n 6._o enact_n that_o one_o sufficient_a man_n shall_v be_v assign_v by_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n to_o seal_v the_o clothes_n that_o shall_v be_v wrought_v and_o ful●ed_v in_o london_n and_o the_o suburb_n of_o the_o same_o with_o a_o seal_n of_o lead_n as_o of_o old_a time_n be_v use_v in_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d and_o suburb_n 11._o h._n 4._o c._n 6._o ordain_v that_o a_o new_a seal_n have_v a_o sign_n and_o mark_n differ_v from_o the_o old_a seal_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o king_n aulnegeor_n shall_v be_v make_v and_o deliver_v to_o the_o aulnegeor_n and_o that_o after_o the_o same_o so_o new_o make_v and_o deliver_v proclamation_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o west_n and_o in_o other_o place_n through_o the_o realm_n that_o no_o clothes_n shall_v be_v sell_v of_o such_o sort_n mention_v in_o the_o act_n before_o the_o aulnegeor_n have_v search_v and_o measure_v they_o and_o set_v the_o new_a seal_n of_o his_o office_n to_o they_o which_o be_v confirm_v by_o 13._o h._n 4._o c._n 4._o this_o seal_n by_o 11._o h._n 6._o c._n 9_o be_v style_v the_o king_n seal_n thereunto_o ordain_v and_o prescribe_v to_o be_v put_v to_o clothes_n so_o 18._o h._n 6._o c._n 16._o a_o line_n be_v prescribe_v to_o be_v seal_v for_o the_o measure_n of_o cloth_n 8._o e._n 4._o c._n 1._o enact_n that_o broad_a clothes_n shall_v be_v seal_v by_o the_o king_n aulneger_n or_o seal_v with_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o subsidy_n and_o aulneger_n therefore_o ordain_v and_o in_o wax_n and_o 4._o e._n 4._o c._n 1_o that_o for_o kersey_n and_o short_a clothes_n a_o seal_n of_o lead_n shall_v be_v ordain_v and_o by_o the_o treasurer_n of_o england_n for_o the_o time_n be_v provide_v and_o hang_v at_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o say_a cloth_n and_o that_o the_o treasurer_n of_o england_n for_o the_o time_n be_v shall_v have_v power_n and_o authority_n to_o make_v such_o and_o so_o many_o keeper_n of_o the_o say_a seal_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v necessary_a so_o that_o no_o strange_a bear_v be_v make_v any_o of_o the_o say_a keeper_n 17_o e._n 4._o c._n 1._o 1._o r._n 3._o c._n 8._o and_o other_o statute_n enact_v the_o like_a 25._o h._n 8._o c._n 8._o 27._o h._n 8._o c._n 3._o and_o 4._o e._n 6._o c._n 2._o 5._o e._n 6._o and_o 6._o 2._o and_o 3._o phil._n and_o mary_n 12._o 4._o and_o 5._o phil._n and_o mary_n c._n 5._o 8._o eliz._n c._n 12._o 23._o eliz._n c._n 9_o with_o other_o act_n prescribe_v divers_a sort_n of_o seal_n of_o lead_n to_o seal_v clothes_n withal_o contain_v the_o length_n or_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o the_o say_a clothes_n some_o of_o the_o seal_n for_o ill_a clothes_n to_o have_v faulty_a engrave_v in_o they_o other_o that_o be_v die_v and_o madere_v the_o letter_n m._n and_o the_o like_a some_o to_o be_v keep_v and_o affix_v by_o the_o aulneger_n other_o by_o the_o searcher_n appoint_v in_o every_o county_n town_n or_o burrow_n such_o variety_n of_o seal_n and_o keeper_n of_o they_o have_v these_o several_a parliament_n prescribe_v only_o for_o cloth_n which_o yet_o they_o style_v the_o king_n seal_n though_o neither_o make_v keep_v dispose_v of_o nor_o the_o form_n prescribe_v by_o he_o but_o the_o parliament_n see_v the_o like_a for_o leather_n 5._o eliz._n c._n 8._o the_o statute_n of_o 11._o h._n 6._o c._n 6._o make_v mention_v of_o seal_n assign_v to_o the_o customer_n office_n and_o punish_v the_o abuse_n of_o they_o set_v to_o blank_a scrowl_v with_o forfeiture_n of_o good_n as_o in_o case_n of_o felony_n 12._o ed._n 4._o c._n 3._o the_o statute_n of_o tunnage_n and_o poundage_n for_o guard_v the_o sea_n enact_n cloth_n of_o gold_n silver_n baudkin_n velvet_n damask_n satyn_n chamlet_n silk_n etc._n etc._n bring_v from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v seal_v in_o one_o end_n thereof_o before_o it_o be_v sell_v with_o the_o seal_n or_o mark_v especial_o to_o be_v ordain_v for_o the_o same_o whereof_o the_o collector_n of_o that_o subsidy_n shall_v have_v the_o one_o part_n and_o the_o comptroller_n the_o other_o part_n several_o in_o their_o custody_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o 4._o h._n 8._o c._n 6._o and_o 21._o h._n 8._o c._n 21._o 14._o and_o 15._o h._n 8._o c._n 3._o appoint_v a_o several_a warden_n of_o the_o worsted-maker_n in_o the_o town_n of_o yarmouth_n and_o lynne_n to_o be_v annual_o choose_v and_o serve_v to_o survey_v and_o search_v the_o worsted_n there_o make_v and_o that_o the_o warden_n of_o yarmouth_n so_o elect_a and_o swear_v shall_v ordain_v and_o appoint_v a_o seal_n with_o the_o letter_n y_o and_o the_o warden_n of_o lynne_n a_o seal_n with_o the_o letter_n l_o to_o be_v engrave_v in_o the_o same_o seal_n and_o to_o seal_v in_o lead_n with_o the_o same_o seal_n so_o to_o be_v appoint_v and_o engrave_v and_o none_o other_o all_o worsted_n and_o flannin_n within_o these_o town_n and_o their_o suburb_n 14._o and_o 15._o h._n 8._o c._n 5._o ordain_v a_o special_a common_a seal_n for_o the_o corporation_n and_o college_n of_o physician_n in_o london_n 27._o h._n 8._o c._n 27._o which_o establish_v the_o court_n of_o augmentation_n and_o prescribe_v the_o several_a officer_n in_o it_o with_o the_o oath_n they_o shall_v take_v enact_v likewise_o that_o this_o court_n shall_v have_v one_o great_a seal_n and_o one_o privy_a seal_n to_o be_v engrave_v and_o make_v after_o such_o form_n fashion_n and_o manner_n as_o shall_v be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n highness_n that_o the_o chancellor_n of_o this_o court_n shall_v have_v the_o keep_n of_o these_o seal_n which_o shall_v remain_v and_o be_v order_v as_o in_o that_o act_n be_v at_o large_a declare_v the_o statute_n of_o 33._o h._n 8._o c._n 39_o which_o erect_v the_o court_n of_o surveigher_n prescribe_v a_o particular_a seal_n for_o that_o court_n the_o person_n by_o who_o it_o shall_v be_v keep_v and_o how_o it_o shall_v be_v use_v

together_o with_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o that_o court_n their_o oath_n and_o fee_n so_o 34._o h._n 8._o c._n 26._o enact_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v several_a original_a and_o judicial_a seal_n make_v for_o the_o several_a county_n and_o circuit_n of_o wales_n prescribe_v the_o several_a party_n that_o shall_v keep_v these_o seal_n what_o writ_n and_o process_n they_o shall_v seal_v with_o they_o and_o what_o fee_n they_o shall_v take_v for_o they_o as_o you_o may_v read_v at_o large_a in_o the_o act._n in_o like_a manner_n the_o statute_n of_o 32._o h._n 8._o c._n 45._o and_o 33._o h._n 8._o c._n 22._o enact_v the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n to_o be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v have_v one_o seal_n to_o be_v engravin_n and_o make_v after_o such_o form_n fashion_n and_o manner_n as_o shall_v be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n highness_n which_o shall_v remain_v and_o be_v order_v as_o be_v afterward_o declare_v in_o those_o act_n prescibe_v who_o shall_v keep_v it_o how_o it_o shall_v be_v use_v and_o what_o fee_n shall_v be_v pay_v for_o it_o and_o 32._o h._n 8._o c._n 45._o ordain_v a_o particular_a seal_n for_o the_o court_n of_o first_o fruit_n and_o tenth_o which_o it_o erect_v with_o the_o officer_n that_o shall_v keep_v it_o their_o oath_n and_o fee_n for_o seal_v with_o it_o true_a it_o be_v these_o statute_n leave_v the_o form_n and_o fashion_n of_o these_o seal_n last_o mention_v to_o the_o king_n appointment_n which_o they_o may_v have_v likewise_o prescribe_v as_o in_o the_o former_a act_n being_n be_v matter_n of_o no_o great_a moment_n but_o the_o keeper_n use_n order_v and_o fee_n of_o all_o these_o seal_n be_v punctual_o limit_v by_o the_o parliament_n and_o not_o leave_v arbitrary_a to_o the_o king_n and_o to_o trouble_v you_o with_o no_o more_o act_n of_o this_o nature_n the_o statute_n of_o 1._o e._n 6._o c._n 2_o enact_n that_o all_o archbishop_n and_o spiritual_a person_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o a_o praemunire_n even_o in_o the_o king_n ecclesiastical_a court_n shall_v make_v out_o all_o their_o process_n in_o the_o king_n name_n with_o the_o king_n stile_n as_o it_o be_v in_o writ_n original_a and_o judicial_a at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o shall_v from_o the_o first_o day_n of_o i●ly_a have_v in_o their_o seal_n of_o office_n the_o king_n highness_n arm_n decent_o set_v with_o certain_a carect_v under_o the_o annes_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o diocese_n and_o shall_v use_v no_o other_o seal_n of_o jurisdiction_n but_o wherein_o his_o majesty_n arm_n be_v engrave_v here_o the_o express_a form_n as_o well_o as_o use_v of_o these_o seal_n be_v prescribe_v by_o the_o parliament_n and_o not_o leave_v arbitrary_a to_o the_o king_n or_o bishop_n if_o then_o our_o parliament_n in_o all_o these_o case_n have_v thus_o prescribe_v new_a seal_n of_o the_o king_n for_o his_o court_n and_o officer_n together_o with_o the_o form_n custody_n use_n and_o fee_n of_o they_o in_o these_o several_a act_n why_o they_o may_v not_o likewise_o enjoy_v the_o make_n of_o a_o new_a broad_a seal_n to_o supply_v the_o absence_n of_o the_o old_a in_o the_o case_n forementioned_a i_o can_v yet_o discover_v it_o be_v the_o parliament_n seal_n and_o great_a seal_n of-england_n and_o so_o common_o style_v in_o sundry_a print_a statute_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o public_a justice_n and_o affair_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o parliament_n which_o represent_v it_o if_o the_o major_a bailiff_n bishop_n dean_n president_n of_o a_o college_n mr._n of_o a_o company_n abbot_n or_o prior_n or_o chief_a justice_n shall_v detain_v or_o withdraw_v the_o common_a seal_n of_o their_o several_a corporation_n or_o court_n the_o common_a counsel_n alderman_n chapter_n fellow_n livery-man_n and_o court_n may_v doubtless_o lawful_o make_v new_a seal_n without_o yea_o against_o their_o consent_n and_o use_v they_o too_o for_o their_o common_a affair_n without_o injury_n or_o forgery_n and_o why_o the_o parliament_n than_o may_v not_o in_o such_o case_n make_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n of_o england_n by_o like_o reason_n without_o the_o king_n consent_n when_o the_o old_a their_o only_a seal_n be_v purposely_o withdraw_v and_o keep_v from_o they_o to_o hinder_v their_o proceed_n i_o can_v yet_o discern_v if_o any_o here_o object_n 1._o first_o that_o it_o be_v high_a treason_n both_o by_o the_o common_a and_o statute_n law_n to_o counterfeit_v or_o make_v the_o king_n great_a seal_n without_o his_o privity_n or_o consent_n as_o be_v evident_a by_o glanuil_n bracton_n britton_n here_o forecited_a 3_o e._n 1._o c._n 15._o 25._o e._n 3._o stat._n 5._o c._n 2._o of_o treason_n 5._o h._n 4._o c._n 15._o 27._o h._n 8._o c._n 2._o 1._o e._n 6._o c._n 12._o 1._o mar._n parl._n 1._o c._n 6._o stamford_n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o brooke_n treason_n 3._o 13._o 17._o crompton_n jurisdiction_n of_o court_n 69._o and_o general_o all_o our_o law-book_n therefore_o for_o the_o parliament_n or_o any_o else_o by_o their_o command_n to_o make_v and_o use_v a_o new_a broad_a seal_n i_o answer_v answ_n 1_o that_o this_o be_v true_a only_a of_o private_a man_n who_o make_v a_o broad_a seal_n by_o their_o own_o particular_a authority_n in_o deceit_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n not_o of_o the_o parliament_n or_o any_o employ_v to_o make_v or_o use_v it_o by_o their_o authority_n the_o parliament_n the_o supreme_a power_n of_o all_o other_o be_v uncapable_a of_o treason_n and_o out_o of_o the_o word_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o seand_a all_o act_n concerning_o treason_n as_o i_o have_v a_o 26._o elsewhere_o prove_v at_o large_a to_o which_o i_o shall_v refer_v you_o second_o the_o king_n have_v his_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n not_o in_o his_o own_o particular_a but_o the_o kingdom_n and_o people_n right_a alone_o as_o their_o public_a minister_n and_o servant_n for_o their_o use_n and_o benefit_n the_o kingdom_n and_o parliament_n which_o represent_v it_o be_v the_o b_o 271._o proprietor_n of_o this_o seal_n which_o upon_o the_o king_n decease_n be_v ever_o surrender_v to_o the_o successor_n king_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o seal_n of_o other_o corporation_n go_v to_o the_o mayor_n bishop_n dean_n abbot_n precedent_n succesor_n not_o their_o heir_n executor_n or_o administrator_n as_o other_o man_n seal_n do_v the_o kingdom_n and_o parliament_n therefore_o be_v the_o true_a proprietor_n of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v the_o public_a seal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o the_o king_n may_v lawful_o give_v order_n for_o the_o new_a make_n of_o it_o even_o without_o the_o king_n in_o case_n of_o necessity_n when_o it_o be_v undue_o withdraw_v withhold_v three_o the_o forge_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n be_v high_a treason_n only_o as_o it_o be_v the_o c_o 26._o kingdom_n common_a seal_n not_o the_o king_n private_a and_o particular_a seal_n and_o a_o offence_n against_o the_o kingdom_n and_o king_n himself_o only_o in_o his_o politic_a public_a capacity_n as_o head_n of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o in_o his_o private_a whence_o counterseit_v of_o the_o king_n sign_n manual_a privy_a signet_n or_o privy_a seal_n be_v no_o high_a treason_n at_o common_a law_n be_v no_o public_a but_o rather_o private_a seal_n of_o the_o king_n till_o they_o be_v make_v so_o by_o 27._o h._n 8._o c._n 2._o since_o repeal_v by_o 1._o e._n 6._o c._n 12._o 1._o mariae_fw-la sest._n 1._o c._n 1._o rastall_n treason_n 13._o and_o so_o no_o treason_n at_o this_o day_n even_o as_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o king_n death_n be_v no_o treason_n consider_v only_o as_o he_o be_v a_o private_a man_n but_o as_o a_o d_o 8._o public_a person_n invest_v with_o his_o politic_a royal_a capacity_n if_o then_o the_o parliament_n the_o representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n against_o which_o all_o treason_n in_o counterfeit_v the_o great_a seal_n be_v principal_o commit_v and_o the_o true_a proprietory_a of_o this_o seal_n shall_v order_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n to_o be_v make_v or_o use_v for_o the_o service_n of_o itself_o and_o the_o kingdom_n in_o this_o case_n of_o necessity_n it_o can_v possible_o be_v high_a treason_n in_o they_o or_o their_o agent_n for_o than_o they_o shall_v be_v traitor_n to_o and_o against_o themselves_o and_o suffer_v for_o a_o offence_n against_o themselves_o and_o the_o realm_n do_v by_o their_o own_o vote_n and_o assent_v in_o parliament_n four_o the_o counterfeit_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n mention_v in_o those_o law_n book_n and_o statute_n be_v that_o only_a which_o be_v secret_a fraudulent_a traitorly_a in_o deceit_n of_o the_o king_n kingdom_n subject_n f_o like_o to_o counterfeit_v of_o false_a many_o ever_o join_v with_o it_o by_o private_a person_n as_o our_o law_n book_n and_o