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england_n king_n lord_n normandy_n 2,598 5 10.9032 5 false
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A59093 The reverse or back-face of the English Janus to-wit, all that is met with in story concerning the common and statute-law of English Britanny, from the first memoirs of the two nations, to the decease of King Henry II. set down and tackt together succinctly by way of narrative : designed, devoted and dedicated to the most illustrious the Earl of Salisbury / written in Latin by John Selden ... ; and rendred into English by Redman Westcot, Gent.; Jani Anglorum facies altera. English Selden, John, 1584-1654.; Littleton, Adam, 1627-1694.; White, Robert, 1645-1703. 1682 (1682) Wing S2436; ESTC R14398 136,793 167

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about_o every_o where_o a_o author_n call_v berosus_n a_o chaldee_n priest_n take_v heed_n how_o you_o suffer_v yourself_o to_o believe_v he_o to_o be_v the_o same_o that_o flavius_n josephus_n so_o often_o up_o and_o down_o quote_v for_o a_o witness_n with_o a_o commentary_n of_o viterbiensis_n or_o rather_o to_o say_v that_o which_o be_v the_o very_a truth_n john_n annius_n of_o viterbium_n a_o city_n of_o tuscany_n a_o dominican_n friar_n play_v the_o leger-de-main_a have_v counterfeit_v berosus_n to_o put_v off_o his_o own_o strange_a story_n have_v put_v a_o cheat_n upon_o the_o lady_n muse_n who_o be_v the_o governess_n of_o antiquity_n and_o have_v hang_v a_o bantling_n at_o her_o back_n after_o the_o genealogy_n of_o the_o hebrew_n draw_v down_o by_o that_o author_n whoever_o he_o be_v according_a to_o his_o own_o humour_n and_o method_n for_o fear_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v think_v to_o take_v in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o king_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n and_o the_o 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whatsoever_o freeholder_n that_o be_v a_o layman_n shall_v have_v in_o chattel_n or_o in_o rent_n and_o revenue_n to_o the_o value_n of_o sixteen_o mark_n let_v he_o have_v a_o coat_n of_o male_a and_o a_o head-piece_n and_o a_o buckler_n and_o a_o lance._n 86._o whatsoever_o lie_v person_n be_v a_o freeman_n shall_v have_v in_o chattel_n to_o the_o value_n of_o ten_o mark_n let_v he_o have_v a_o little_a habergeon_n or_o coat_n of_o male_a and_o a_o capelet_n of_o iron_n and_o a_o lance._n 87._o let_v all_o burgher_n or_o townsman_n of_o a_o corporation_n and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o freeman_n have_v a_o wambais_n and_o a_o capelet_n of_o iron_n and_o a_o lance._n 88_o let_v no_o one_o after_o he_o have_v once_o have_v these_o arm_n sell_v they_o nor_o pawn_v they_o nor_o lend_v they_o nor_o by_o any_o other_o way_n alienate_v they_o from_o himself_o or_o part_n with_o they_o nor_o let_v his_o lord_n alienate_v they_o by_o any_o manner_n of_o way_n from_o his_o man_n i._n e._n his_o tenant_n that_o hold_v under_o he_o neither_o by_o forfeit_n nor_o by_o gift_n nor_o by_o pledge_n nor_o by_o any_o other_o way_n 89._o if_o any_o one_o shall_v die_v have_v these_o arm_n let_v they_o remain_v to_o his_o heir_n and_o if_o the_o heir_n be_v not_o of_o such_o estate_n or_o age_n that_o he_o may_v use_v the_o arm_n if_o there_o shall_v be_v need_n ●_o let_v that_o person_n who_o shall_v have_v they_o the_o heir_n in_o custody_n have_v likewise_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o arm_n and_o let_v he_o find_v a_o man_n who_o may_v use_v the_o arm_n in_o the_o service_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n if_o there_o shall_v be_v need_n until_o the_o heir_n shall_v be_v of_o such_o estate_n that_o he_o may_v bear_v arm_n and_o then_o let_v he_o have_v they_o 90._o whatsoever_o burgher_n shall_v have_v more_o arm_n than_o it_o shall_v behoove_v he_o to_o have_v according_a to_o this_o assize_n let_v he_o sell_v they_o or_o give_v they_o away_o or_o so_o dispose_v of_o they_o from_o himself_o to_o some_o other_o man_n who_o may_v retain_v they_o in_o england_n in_o the_o service_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n 91._o let_v no_o one_o of_o they_o keep_v by_o he_o more_o arm_n than_o if_o shall_v behoove_v he_o according_a to_o this_o assize_n to_o have_v 92._o let_v no_o jew_n keep_v in_o his_o possession_n a_o coat_n of_o male_a or_o a_o habergeon_n but_o let_v he_o sell_v they_o or_o give_v they_o or_o in_o some_o other_o manner_n put_v they_o away_o in_o that_o wise_a that_o they_o may_v remain_v in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n 93._o let_v no_o man_n bear_v or_o carry_v arm_n out_o of_o england_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o special_a order_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n nor_o let_v any_o one_o sell_v arm_n to_o any_o one_o who_o may_v carry_v they_o from_o england_n nor_o let_v merchant_n or_o other_o carry_v or_o convey_v they_o from_o england_n 94._o they_o who_o be_v suspect_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o wealth_n or_o great_a estate_n do_v free_a or_o acquit_v themselves_o by_o give_v their_o oath_n the_o justice_n have_v power_n or_o jurisdiction_n give_v they_o in_o the_o case_n for_o this_o purpose_n if_o there_o shall_v be_v any_o who_o shall_v not_o comply_v with_o they_o the_o justice_n the_o king_n shall_v take_v himself_o to_o the_o member_n or_o limb_n of_o such_o person_n and_o shall_v by_o no_o mean_n take_v from_o they_o their_o land_n or_o chattel_n 95._o let_v no_o one_o swear_v upon_o lawful_a and_o freeman_n i.e._n in_o any_o matter_n against_o or_o concern_v they_o who_o have_v not_o to_o the_o value_n of_o sixteen_o or_o ten_o mark_n in_o chattel_n 96._o let_v no_o one_o as_o he_o love_v himself_o and_o all_o that_o he_o have_v buy_v or_o sell_v any_o ship_n to_o be_v bring_v from_o england_n nor_o let_v any_o one_o carry_v or_o cause_n to_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o england_n timber_n for_o the_o build_n of_o ship_n 97._o let_v no_o one_o be_v receive_v or_o admit_v to_o the_o oath_n of_o bear_v arm_n but_o a_o freeman_n to_o bring_v once_o for_o all_o something_o concern_v a_o free_a man_n that_o may_v not_o be_v beside_o the_o purpose_n the_o ancient_a law_n of_o england_n bestow_v that_o name_n only_o upon_o such_o person_n as_o many_o as_o either_o be_v honour_v by_o the_o nobility_n of_o their_o ancestor_n or_o else_o out_o of_o the_o commonalty_n be_v of_o ingenuous_a birth_n to_o wit_n of_o the_o yeomanry_n do_v not_o hold_v that_o rustic_a fee_n or_o tenure_n of_o villeinage_n dedicate_v to_o stercutius_n the_o god_n of_o dunghill_n and_o necessary_o charge_v and_o burden_a with_o the_o plough_n tail_n the_o wain_n and_o the_o dray_n which_o be_v the_o hard_a countrey-folk_n arm_n and_o implement_n to_o this_o purpose_n make_v the_o term_n of_o rustic_a or_o countryman_n above_o mention_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o clarendon_n and_o the_o place_n of_o glanvill_n cite_v in_o the_o trial_n of_o ordeal_o that_o the_o business_n may_v be_v more_o clear_o assert_v a_o suit_n of_o law_n be_v wage_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o 103._o betwixt_o john_n levin_n plaintiff_n and_o the_o prior_n of_o bernwell_n defendant_n i_o have_v take_v the_o story_n out_o of_o a_o old_a manuscript_n and_o the_o report_n of_o our_o law_n and_o the_o collection_n or_o body_n of_o the_o royal_a rescript_n do_v agree_v to_o it_o it_o be_v then_o after_o several_a dispute_n bandy_v to_o and_o fro_o and_o with_o earnestness_n enough_o decide_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n that_o those_o tenant_n which_o hold_v in_o fee_n from_o the_o ancient_a domain_a of_o the_o crown_n as_o they_o call_v it_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n comprehend_v under_o the_o title_n of_o freeman_n as_o those_o who_o drive_v their_o labour_n around_o throughout_o the_o year_n pay_v their_o daily_a vow_n to_o ceres_n the_o goddess_n of_o corn_n to_o pale_v the_o goddess_n of_o shepherd_n and_o to_o triptolemus_n the_o inventor_n of_o husbandry_n or_o tillage_n and_o keep_v a_o quarter_n with_o their_o gee_n ho's_z about_o their_o chattel_n and_o now_o death_n have_v put_v a_o end_n to_o king_n henry_n reign_n and_o i_o also_o have_v make_v a_o end_n of_o his_o law_n so_o far_o as_o history_n do_v help_v i_o out_o do_v at_o the_o last_o muster_n and_o arm_v my_o band_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o my_o frontier_n i_o wish_v they_o may_v be_v of_o force_n enough_o against_o backbiter_n chap._n xix_o of_o lawmaker_n our_o king_n not_o monarch_n at_o first_o several_a of_o they_o in_o the_o same_o county_n the_o druid_n meetingplace_n where_o under_o the_o saxon_n law_n make_v in_o a_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o state_n several_a instance_n this_o assembly_n under_o the_o norman_n call_v parliament_n the_o thing_n take_v from_o a_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a german_n who_o have_v right_a to_o sit_v in_o parliament_n the_o harmony_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n but_o however_o law_n be_v not_o without_o their_o maker_n and_o their_o guardian_n or_o they_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o we_o say_v somewhat_o in_o general_n of_o they_o they_o be_v make_v either_o by_o use_n and_o custom_n for_o thing_n that_o be_v approve_v by_o long_o use_v do_v obtain_v the_o force_n of_o law_n or_o by_o the_o sanction_n and_o authority_n of_o lawgiver_n of_o ancient_a time_n the_o semnothei_n the_o king_n and_o the_o druid_n be_v lawgiver_n among_o the_o britan_n i_o mean_v concern_v the_o semnothei_n whatsoever_o do_v occur_v you_o have_v before_o the_o king_n be_v neither_o monarch_n of_o the_o whole_a island_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o of_o that_o part_n of_o britain_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o angles_n for_o there_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n over_o the_o single_a county_n of_o kent_n four_o king_n to_o wit_n cyngetorix_n carvilius_n taximagulus_n and_o segonax_n and_o at_o the_o same_o rate_n in_o other_o county_n wherefore_o we_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o make_v any_o question_n but_o that_o part_n wherein_o we_o live_v now_o call_v england_n be_v govern_v by_o several_a person_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o aristocracy_n according_a to_o what_o polydore_n virgil_n john_n twine_v flèetwode_n david_n powell_n and_o other_o have_v inform_v we_o the_o druid_n be_v wont_a to_o meet_v to_o explain_v the_o law_n in_o be_v and_o to_o make_v new_a one_o as_o occasion_n require_v as_o be_v most_o likely_a in_o some_o certain_a place_n design_v for_o that_o purpose_n as_o now_o at_o this_o very_a time_n all_o matter_n of_o law_n go_v to_o be_v decide_v at_o spire_n in_o germany_n at_o westminster-hall_n in_o england_n and_o paris_n in_o france_n their_o public_a convention_n or_o meeting-place_n be_v constant_o as_o julius_n caesar_n tell_v we_o
gall._n in_o the_o border_n of_o the_o carnutes_n the_o middle_a region_n of_o all_o france_n some_o think_v that_o a_o town_n at_o eight_o miles_n distance_n from_o the_o metropolis_n of_o those_o people_n common_o call_v dreux_n merula_n be_v design_v for_o that_o use_n whilst_o the_o saxon_n govern_v the_o law_n be_v make_v in_o the_o general_n assembly_n of_o the_o state_n or_o parliament_n in_o the_o front_n of_o king_n ina_n law_n it_o be_v above_o eight_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o year_n that_o he_o first_o reign_v we_o read_v thus_o it_o ine_fw-mi mid_a god_n gift_n west-saxna_a cyne_a mid_n getbeat_v a_o mid_a lere_n cenredes_n mine_v fader_fw-mi a_o head_n a_o erconwald_n my_o hiscops_n a_o mid_a eallum_n minum_fw-la ealdor_fw-la mannum_fw-la &_o tham_fw-mi yldestan_fw-mi witan_fw-mi mine_n theode_v be_v beod_v etc._n etc._n which_o in_o our_o present_n english_a speak_v thus_o i_o ina_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n by_o the_o advice_n and_o order_n of_o kenred_n my_o father_n and_o of_o hedda_n and_o erconwald_n my_o bishop_n and_o of_o all_o my_o alderman_n and_o of_o the_o elder_n and_o wise_a man_n of_o my_o people_n do_v command_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o instance_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o other_o place_n in●ulph_n moreover_o witlaf_n and_o bertulph_n who_o be_v king_n of_o the_o mercian_n near_o upon_o eight_o hundred_o year_n ago_o do_v in_o their_o instrument_n under_o their_o hand_n make_v mention_n of_o synod_n and_o council_n of_o the_o prelate_n and_o peer_n convene_v for_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n camden_n and_o a_o ancient_a book_n have_v this_o passage_n of_o abendon_n here_o be_v the_o royal_a seat_n hither_o when_o they_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o principal_a and_o difficult_a point_n of_o state_n and_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o people_n be_v use_v to_o meet_v and_o flock_v together_o to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v that_o which_o malmesbury_n say_v of_o king_n edward_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 903._o the_o king_n gather_v a_o synod_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o senator_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n over_o which_o do_v preside_v pleimund_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n interpret_n express_o the_o word_n of_o the_o apostolical_a embassy_n these_o assembly_n be_v term_v by_o the_o saxon_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n meeting_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n the_o great_a assembly_n at_o length_n we_o borrow_v of_o the_o french_a the_o name_n of_o parliament_n 11._o which_o before_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o polydore_n virgil_n say_v be_v very_o rare_o hold_v a_o usage_n that_o not_o without_o good_a reason_n seem_v to_o have_v come_v from_o the_o ancient_a german_n so_o tacitus_n say_v of_o they_o concern_v small_a matter_n the_o prince_n only_o concern_v thing_n of_o great_a concern_n they_o do_v all_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o they_o consult_v yet_o in_o that_o manner_n that_o those_o thing_n also_o which_o it_o be_v in_o the_o people_n power_n to_o determine_v parl._n be_v treat_v of_o by_o the_o prince_n too_o and_o i_o have_v one_o that_o have_v leave_v it_o in_o writing_n that_o when_o there_o be_v neither_o bishop_n nor_o earl_n nor_o baron_n yet_o then_o king_n hold_v their_o parliament_n and_o in_o king_n arthur_n patent_n to_o the_o university_n of_o cambridge_n for_o you_o have_v my_o leave_n if_o you_o can_v find_v in_o your_o heart_n 1._o to_o give_v credit_n to_o it_o as_o john_n key_n do_v by_o the_o counsel_n and_o assent_v of_o all_o and_o singular_a the_o prelate_n and_o prince_n of_o this_o realm_n i_o decree_v there_o be_v present_a at_o parliament_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o norman_n time_n 18._o as_o many_o as_o be_v invest_v with_o thirteen_o fee_n of_o knight_n service_n and_o a_o three_o part_n of_o one_o fee_n call_v baron_n from_o their_o large_a estate_n for_o which_o reason_n perhaps_o john_n cochleius_fw-la of_o mentz_n in_o his_o epistle_n dedicatory_a to_o our_o most_o renown_a sir_n thomas_n more_o prefix_v before_o the_o chronicle_n of_o aurelius_n cassiodorus_n call_v he_o baron_n of_o england_n but_o henry_n the_o three_o the_o number_n of_o they_o grow_v over_o big_a order_v by_o proclamation_n that_o those_o only_a shall_v come_v there_o who_o he_o shall_v think_v sit_v to_o summon_v by_o writ_n these_o assembly_n do_v now_o sit_v in_o great_a state_n which_o with_o a_o wonderful_a harmony_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n the_o king_n the_o lord_n and_o the_o commons_o or_o deputy_n of_o the_o people_n be_v join_v together_o to_o a_o most_o firm_a security_n of_o the_o public_a and_o be_v by_o a_o very_a learned_a man_n in_o allusion_n to_o that_o make_a word_n in_o livy_n panaetolium_n from_o the_o aetolian_n most_o right_o call_v pananglium_n ●1_n that_o be_v all_o england_n as_o in_o musical_a instrument_n and_o pipe_n and_o in_o sing_v itself_o and_o in_o voice_n say_v scipio_n in_o tully_n book_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o harmony_n to_o be_v keep_v out_o of_o distinct_a sound_n which_o learned_a and_o skilful_a ear_n can_v endure_v to_o hear_v change_v and_o jar_a and_o that_o consort_n or_o harmony_n from_o the_o tune_n and_o order_v of_o voice_n most_o unlike_a yet_o be_v render_v agree_v and_o suitable_a so_o of_o the_o high_a and_o middlemost_a and_o lowermost_a state_n shuffle_v together_o like_o different_a sound_n by_o fair_a proportion_n do_v a_o city_n agree_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o person_n most_o unlike_a and_o that_o which_o by_o musician_n in_o sing_v be_v call_v harmony_n that_o in_o a_o city_n be_v concord_n the_o straight_a and_o sure_a bond_n of_o safety_n in_o every_o commonwealth_n and_o such_o as_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v without_o justice_n but_o let_v this_o suffice_v for_o lawmaker_n chap._n xx._n the_o guardian_n of_o the_o law_n who_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n seven_o chief_a one_o of_o the_o king_n among_o the_o heptarchs_n style_v monarch_n of_o all_o england_n the_o office_n of_o lord_n high_a constable_n of_o lord_n chancellor_n ancient_a the_o lord_n treasurer_n alderman_n of_o england_n what_o why_o one_o call_v healfkon_v alderman_n of_o province_n and_o grave_n the_o same_o as_o count_n or_o earl_n and_o viscount_n or_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n court_n and_o the_o court_n of_o inquest_n call_v turn_v le_fw-fr viscount_n when_o this_o court_n keep_v and_o the_o original_n of_o it_o i_o do_v scarce_o meet_v before_o the_o saxon_n time_n with_o any_o guardian_n of_o the_o law_n different_a from_o these_o lawmaker_n in_o their_o time_n they_o be_v various_o divide_v who_o neither_o name_n nor_o office_n be_v as_o yet_o grow_v out_o of_o use_n the_o number_n be_v make_v up_o to_o give_v you_o only_o the_o head_n by_o these_o to_o wit_n the_o king_n the_o lord_n highconstable_n the_o chancellor_n the_o treasurer_n the_o alderman_n of_o england_n the_o alderman_n of_o province_n and_o the_o grave_n those_o of_o late_a date_n and_o of_o mean_a notice_n i_o pass_v by_o mean_v to_o speak_v but_o brief_o of_o the_o rest_n the_o king_n be_v always_o one_o among_o the_o heptarchs_n or_o seven_o ruler_n who_o be_v account_v i_o have_v beda_n to_o vouch_v it_o the_o monarch_n of_o all_o england_n ella_n king_n of_o the_o south-saxons_a so_o say_v ethelwerd_v be_v the_o first_o that_o be_v dignify_v with_o so_o high_a a_o title_n and_o empire_n 2._o who_o be_v owner_n of_o as_o large_a a_o jurisdiction_n as_o ecbright_n the_o second_o be_v ce●lin_n king_n of_o the_o west-angle_n the_o three_o aethelbrith_n king_n of_o the_o kentish-man_n the_o four_o redwald_n king_n of_o the_o easterling_n the_o five_o edwin_n king_n of_o northumberland_n the_o six_o oswald_n the_o seven_o osweo_n oswald_n brother_n after_o who_o the_o eight_o be_v ecbright_n his_o west-saxon_a kingdom_n take_v in_o the_o rest_n for_o the_o great_a part_n the_o office_n of_o lord_n high_a constable_n which_o disappear_v in_o edward_n duke_n of_o buckingham_n who_o in_o henry_n the_o eighth_n time_n lose_v his_o head_n for_o high-treason_n be_v not_o see_v till_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o saxon_n elien_n one_o alfgar_n staller_a be_v report_v by_o richard_n of_o ely_n monk_n to_o have_v be_v constable_n to_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o mr._n camden_n mention_n a_o dwell_n of_o he_o upon_o this_o account_n call_v plaissy_n in_o the_o county_n of_o middlesex_n 31._o he_o of_o ely_n set_v he_o out_o for_o a_o great_a and_o mighty_a man_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o indeed_o former_o that_o magistrate_n have_v great_a power_n which_o be_v formidable_a even_o to_o king_n themselves_o they_o who_o deny_v there_o be_v any_o chancellor_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n be_v huge_o mistake_v nor_o be_v they_o disprove_v only_o
several_a author_n greek_n and_o latin_a call_v jerna_n and_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n themselves_o erin_n l._n 43._o the_o goddess_n anna_n perenna_n the_o lady_n precedent_n of_o the_o year_n anna_n ab_fw-la anno_fw-la to_o who_o they_o address_v their_o devotion_n that_o she_o will_v per●nnare_fw-la that_o be_v preserve_v and_o continue_v health_n and_o plenty_n and_o prosperity_n from_o year_n to_o year_n for_o which_o reason_n she_o be_v call_v anna_n perenna_n now_o our_o author_n here_o bring_v in_o long-lived_a nestor_n and_o this_o goddess_n to_o show_v that_o those_o good_a fellow_n in_o quaff_v of_o health_n do_v wish_v muchos_fw-mi annos_fw-la as_o the_o spaniard_n say_v many_o and_o many_o a_o year_n life_n to_o their_o absent_a friend_n while_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n by_o toss_v off_o so_o many_o bouse_v cann_n they_o shorten_v their_o own_o life_n pag._n 42._o lin_v 24._o englescyre_n or_o englecerie_n that_o be_v the_o be_v a_o englishman_n for_o there_o be_v a_o law_n make_v by_o king_n knute_n in_o favour_n of_o his_o danes_n and_o so_o afterward_o it_o be_v interpret_v in_o behalf_n of_o the_o francigenae_fw-la frenchman_n or_o whatever_o foreigner_n that_o if_o any_o such_o be_v privy_o murder_v or_o slay_v the_o village_n where_o the_o fact_n be_v do_v shall_v be_v amerce_v in_o a_o lusty_a fine_a to_o the_o king_n unless_o they_o can_v prove_v englecerie_n that_o be_v that_o the_o murder_a person_n be_v a_o englishman_n one_o bear_v of_o english_a parent_n in_o which_o case_n there_o be_v no_o fine_a levy_v so_o that_o the_o dane_n and_o french_a when_o they_o govern_v here_o provide_v they_o may_v secure_v themselves_o from_o the_o english_a be_v well_o enough_o content_a to_o let_v they_o destroy_v one_o another_o chap._n xxv_o pag._n 44._o lin_v 11._o a_o olympiad_n a_o account_n of_o time_n use_v by_o the_o greek_n consist_v of_o four_o year_n so_o call_v from_o the_o olympic_a game_n which_o be_v celebrate_v in_o honour_n of_o jupiter_n olympius_n every_o five_o year_n this_o reckon_n begin_v first_o in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o world_n three_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o seventy_o four_o in_o the_o second_o book_n chap._n i._n pag._n 48._o l._n 5._o by_o right_a of_o fréehold_n allodii_fw-la jure_fw-la that_o be_v by_o a_o man_n own_o right_a without_o acknowledgement_n of_o service_n or_o fealty_n or_o payment_n of_o rent_n to_o any_o other_o as_o a_o superior_a lord_n in_o which_o respect_n it_o be_v oppose_v to_o a_o estate_n in_o fee_n wherein_o though_o a_o man_n have_v a_o perpetual_a right_n to_o he_o and_o to_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o yet_o see_v he_o owe_v a_o duty_n and_o service_n for_o it_o it_o can_v be_v say_v proper_o and_o simple_o to_o be_v his_o own_o and_o such_o be_v all_o man_n estate_n here_o in_o england_n but_o the_o king_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o crown_n who_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o hold_v of_o another_o or_o to_o owe_v fealty_n to_o any_o superior_a but_o to_o god_n only_o lin._n 12._o under_o military_a service_n or_o knight_n service_n that_o be_v to_o find_v the_o king_n such_o a_o number_n of_o man_n and_o arm_n in_o time_n of_o war_n as_o it_o be_v here_o express_v see_v cowell_n in_o the_o word_n chivalry_n indeed_o the_o clergy_n before_o the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n as_o we_o find_v it_o in_o the_o five_o and_o twenty_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n be_v allow_v to_o be_v free_a from_o secular_a service_n but_o with_o a_o exception_n and_o reserve_v however_o of_o these_o thing_n to_o wit_n expedition_n repair_v of_o castle_n and_o building_n of_o bridge_n from_o which_o last_o duty_n the_o high-priest_n among_o the_o roman_n be_v call_v pontifices_fw-la i._n e._n bridge-maker_n now_o this_o bring_n of_o the_o bishop_n barony_n under_o knight_n service_n be_v sure_a enough_o design_v to_o engage_v they_o into_o a_o close_a dependence_n upon_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o take_v they_o off_o from_o hanker_a after_o any_o foreign_a power_n to_o which_o they_o may_v pretend_v to_o owe_v any_o subordination_n as_o all_o along_o the_o time_n of_o popery_n out_o of_o reverence_n to_o the_o holy_a see_v they_o be_v forward_o enough_o upon_o occasion_n to_o think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o do_v even_o to_o the_o high_a discontent_n and_o great_a disservice_n of_o their_o king_n chap._n ii_o pag._n 51._o lin_v 12._o ready_a money_n so_o i_o render_v viva_n pecunia_fw-la which_o though_o spelman_n say_v it_o be_v so_o call_v that_o it_o may_v the_o more_o express_o signify_v pecudes_fw-la i._n e._n cattle_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o to_o i_o i_o confess_v make_v out_o by_o any_o fair_a instance_n that_o it_o do_v ever_o so_o signify_v and_o that_o it_o can_v be_v take_v in_o that_o sense_n here_o be_v plain_a from_o what_o immediate_o go_v before_o quot_fw-la animalia_fw-la imò_fw-la quantum_fw-la vivae_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la cuique_fw-la possidebat_fw-la where_o animalia_fw-la living_n creature_n include_v pecudes_fw-la the_o cattle_n chap._n iii_o pag._n 54._o lin_v 32._o boseham_n what_o earl_n godwin_n trick_n be_v or_o wherein_o the_o conceit_n lie_v i_o can_v at_o present_v well_o imagine_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o equivocation_n or_o misunderstanding_n of_o the_o word_n boseham_n as_o it_o fall_v in_o with_o the_o word_n bosom_n in_o the_o pronunciation_n and_o sound_n of_o it_o thus_o suppose_v the_o earl_n at_o meet_v of_o the_o archbishop_n come_v up_o to_o he_o upon_o pretence_n of_o salute_v he_o say_v give_v i_o your_o boseham_n my_o lord_n to_o which_o the_o archbishop_n think_v belike_o he_o may_v by_o way_n of_o desire_v his_o pastoral_n embrace_v mean_v only_o his_o bosom_n ready_o make_v answer_n i_o give_v you_o my_o bosom_n which_o the_o earl_n with_o a_o cunning_a fetch_v interpret_v a_o grant_n of_o his_o estate_n of_o boseham_n pardon_v reader_n my_o mistake_n if_o it_o be_v one_o since_o i_o have_v no_o better_a account_n from_o my_o own_o guess_n to_o give_v meet_v with_o no_o help_n from_o our_o law-dictionary_n chap._n iu._n p._n 56._o lin_v 8._o the_o first_o sheriff_n of_o county_n a_o sheriff_n or_o shyrereev_n signify_v the_o governor_n of_o a_o county_n call_v in_o latin_a vicecomes_a as_o deputy_n to_o the_o count_n or_o lord_n or_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o county_n though_o even_o in_o the_o confessor_n time_n he_o be_v reckon_v the_o king_n officer_n and_o not_o the_o count_n this_o office_n as_o mr._n camden_n tell_v we_o be_v first_o set_v up_o by_o king_n alfred_n who_o also_o divide_v england_n into_o county_n and_o those_o county_n again_o into_o hundred_o and_o tything_n lin._n 29._o other_o judge_n without_o appeal_n this_o shall_v seem_v to_o be_v the_o court_n of_o chancery_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o lord_n chancellor_n be_v say_v to_o keep_v the_o king_n conscience_n as_o here_o these_o judge_n be_v compare_v to_o the_o king_n bosom_n lin._n 37._o act_v a_o busiris_n his_o part_n i._n e._n treat_v stranger_n ill_a he_o be_v a_o cruel_a tyrant_n of_o egypt_n who_o slay_v stranger_n and_o sacrifice_v they_o to_o his_o god_n whence_o the_o proverb_n busiridis_n arae_fw-la pag._n 57_o lin_v 39_o that_o he_o shall_v pay_v it_o at_o the_o scale_n that_o be_v shall_v pay_v it_o by_o weight_n or_o according_a to_o full_a weight_n chap._n vi_o pag._n 60._o lin_v 17._o be_v lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o the_o latin_a it_o be_v thus_o express_v totius_fw-la regni_fw-la placitator_n &_o exactor_n where_o i_o confess_v the_o former_a title_n of_o the_o two_o give_v i_o the_o occasion_n of_o my_o mistake_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v chief_a justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n whereas_o i_o shall_v rather_o have_v render_v it_o thus_o who_o have_v be_v to_o wit_n in_o king_n rufus_n his_o time_n pleader_n or_o demander_n and_o receiver_n of_o the_o king_n duty_n throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o such_o a_o officer_n this_o exactor_n regius_fw-la be_v otherwise_o call_v grafio_n see_v spelman_n upon_o both_o those_o word_n lin_n 39_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n a_o hereot_fw-la this_o at_o first_o be_v attribute_n give_v to_o the_o lord_n for_o his_o better_a preparation_n towards_o war_n but_o afterward_o though_o the_o name_n be_v keep_v the_o thing_n be_v alter_v be_v take_v for_o the_o best_a chattel_n that_o the_o tenant_n have_v at_o the_o hour_n of_o his_o death_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n by_o custom_n be_v it_o horse_n ox_n etc._n etc._n that_o hereot_fw-la and_o relief_n do_v not_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n appear_v by_o this_o that_o they_o be_v both_o often_o find_v to_o be_v pay_v out_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o tenure_n and_o again_o that_o the_o heir_n always_o succeed_v into_o the_o estate_n upon_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o relief_n but_o not_o always_o
upon_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o hereot_fw-la lin._n 42._o in_o french_a be_v call_v a_o relief_n from_o the_o verb_n relever_n to_o raise_v again_o and_o take_v up_o the_o estate_n which_o have_v fall_v into_o the_o lord_n hand_n by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o ancestor_n it_o be_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n which_o the_o new_a homager_n when_o he_o be_v come_v to_o age_n pay_v to_o the_o lord_n for_o his_o admission_n or_o at_o his_o entrance_n into_o the_o estate_n whence_o by_o the_o old_a civilian_n it_o be_v call_a introitus_fw-la and_o in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d this_o sum_n be_v moderate_o set_v wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o ransom_n which_o be_v much_o more_o severe_a the_o king_n rate_n upon_o his_o homager_n be_v thus_o a_o earl_n heir_n be_v to_o give_v a_o hundred_o pound_n a_o baron_n a_o hundred_o mark_n a_o knight_n a_o hundred_o shilling_n at_o most_o and_o those_o of_o lesser_a estate_n less_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o their_o tenor_n as_o spelman_n quote_v it_o out_o of_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o pag._n 61._o lin_v 11._o of_o the_o great_a uavasors_n they_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o gentleman_n next_o in_o degree_n to_o the_o baron_n they_o do_v not_o hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n but_o of_o some_o duke_n marquess_z or_o earl_n and_o those_o that_o hold_v from_o they_o again_o be_v call_v valvasini_n or_o the_o lesser_a vavasor_n there_o be_v little_a certainty_n what_o their_o office_n or_o privilege_n be_v or_o indeed_o whence_o they_o be_v so_o call_v whether_o qu._n ad_fw-la valvas_fw-la stantes_fw-la or_o valvae_fw-la assidentes_fw-la for_o their_o sit_v or_o stand_v at_o their_o lord_n door_n if_o those_o of_o that_o quality_n do_v so_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o or_o that_o they_o keep_v the_o door_n or_o entrance_n of_o the_o kingdom_n against_o the_o enemy_n as_o spelman_n say_v or_o whether_o from_o vassalli_n as_o the_o feudist_n derive_v the_o name_n from_o that_o inferior_a tenure_n they_o have_v mediate_o from_o the_o king_n by_o his_o great_a lord_n which_o seem_v the_o more_o likely_a because_o these_o great_a vavasor_n who_o do_v so_o hold_v be_v sometime_o term_v valvasores_fw-la regii_fw-la and_o vassi_fw-la dominici_fw-la that_o be_v the_o king_n vassal_n lin._n 27._o her_o dowry_n and_o right_n of_o marriage_n in_o the_o latin_a it_o be_v dotem_fw-la svam_fw-la &_o maritagium_fw-la now_o do_v be_v otherwise_o take_v in_o the_o english_a than_o in_o the_o roman_a law_n not_o for_o that_o which_o the_o man_n receive_v with_o his_o wife_n at_o marriage_n a_o portion_n but_o for_o that_o which_o the_o woman_n have_v leave_v she_o by_o her_o husband_n at_o his_o death_n a_o dowry_n and_o maritagium_fw-la be_v that_o which_o be_v give_v to_o a_o man_n with_o his_o wife_n so_o that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o as_o do_v among_o the_o roman_n say_v spelman_n but_o that_o be_v too_o general_a i_o think_v that_o the_o man_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o return_v at_o his_o death_n all_o to_o his_o wife_n that_o he_o have_v with_o she_o beside_o leave_v she_o a_o dowry_n i_o be_o therefore_o rather_o incline_v to_o cowell_n who_o tell_v we_o maritagium_fw-la signify_v land_n bestow_v in_o marriage_n which_o it_o seem_v by_o this_o law_n be_v to_o return_v to_o the_o wife_n if_o her_o husband_n die_v before_o she_o the_o word_n have_v another_o sense_n also_o which_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o this_o place_n be_v sometime_o take_v for_o that_o which_o ward_n be_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o lord_n for_o his_o leave_n and_o consent_n that_o they_o may_v marry_v themselves_o which_o if_o they_o do_v against_o his_o consent_n it_o be_v call_v forfeiture_n of_o marriage_n lin._n 35._o the_o common_a duty_n of_o money_n or_o coinage_n so_o i_o render_v the_o word_n monetagium_fw-la for_o it_o appear_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v mint_n in_o most_o of_o the_o country_n and_o city_n of_o this_o realm_n see_v cowell_n in_o the_o word_n monier_n for_o which_o privilege_n it_o be_v likely_a they_o pay_v some_o duty_n to_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o the_o mint_n thus_o in_o doomsday_n we_o read_v as_o spelman_n quote_v it_o that_o in_o the_o city_n winecestre_fw-fr every_o monyer_n pay_v twenty_o shilling_n to_o london_n and_o the_o reason_n give_v pro_fw-la cuneis_fw-la monetae_fw-la accipiendis_fw-la for_o have_v stamp_n or_o coin_n of_o money_n for_o from_o this_o latin_a word_n cuneus_n which_o our_o lawyer_n have_v turn_v into_o cuna_n from_o whence_o the_o verb_n cunaere_n come_v our_o english_a word_n coyn._n now_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o chief_a mint_n may_v by_o their_o exaction_n upon_o the_o inferior_a mint_n give_v occasion_n for_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n lin._n 42._o or_o child_n or_o parent_n by_o parent_n here_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v not_o a_o father_n or_o mother_n but_o a_o cousin_n one_o akin_a as_o the_o word_n signify_v in_o french_a and_o as_o it_o be_v use_v in_o our_o law_n and_o indeed_o the_o latin_a word_n itself_o begin_v to_o have_v that_o sense_n put_v upon_o it_o in_o vulgar_a speech_n towards_o the_o declension_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o lampridius_n inform_v we_o pag._n 62._o lin_v 21._o a_o pawn_n in_o the_o scarcity_n of_o his_o money_n that_o be_v if_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v his_o forfeit_n in_o specie_fw-la i._n e._n to_o lay_v down_o the_o money_n he_o be_v to_o give_v security_n by_o a_o pawn_n of_o some_o of_o his_o good_n or_o chattel_n see_v cowell_n in_o the_o word_n gage_n this_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v vadium_n a_o pawn_n or_o pledge_v from_o vas_n vadis_fw-la a_o surety_n hence_o invadiare_n to_o pawn_v or_o engage_v a_o thing_n by_o way_n of_o security_n till_o a_o debt_n be_v pay_v lin._n 23._o nor_o shall_v he_o make_v amends_o from_o the_o french_a amend_v in_o our_o law-latin_a emenda_fw-la which_o differ_v from_o a_o fine_a or_o mulct_n in_o this_o that_o the_o fine_a be_v give_v to_o the_o judge_n but_o amends_o be_v to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o party_n aggrieve_v now_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o this_o amende_n the_o great_a which_o be_v like_o a_o full_a forfeiture_n the_o mid-one_a at_o reasonable_a term_n and_o the_o least_o or_o low_a which_o be_v like_o a_o gentle_a amercement_n this_o distinction_n will_v help_v to_o explain_v the_o meaning_n of_o this_o law_n l._n 30._o per_fw-la see_v de_fw-fr hauberke_n this_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v feudum_n hauberticum_n i._n e._n loricatum_fw-la say_v hotoman_n from_o the_o french_a word_n haubert_n that_o be_v a_o coat_n of_o mail_n when_o a_o vassal_n hold_v land_n of_o the_o lord_n on_o this_o condition_n that_o when_o he_o be_v call_v he_o be_v ready_a to_o attend_v his_o lord_n with_o a_o coat_n of_o mail_n or_o complete_a armour_n on_o now_o haubert_n as_o spelman_n tell_v we_o proper_o signify_v a_o high_a lord_n or_o baron_n from_o haut_fw-fr or_o halt_a high_a and_o ber_n the_o same_o as_o baro_n a_o man_n or_o baron_n and_o because_o these_o great_a lord_n be_v oblige_v by_o their_o place_n and_o service_n to_o wait_v upon_o the_o king_n in_o his_o war_n on_o horseback_n with_o complete_a armour_n and_o particular_o with_o a_o coat_n of_o mail_n on_o hence_o it_o come_v say_v he_o that_o the_o coat_n of_o mail_n itself_o be_v also_o call_v haubert_n though_o he_o do_v afterward_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v extend_v to_o all_o other_o vassal_n who_o be_v under_o that_o kind_n of_o tenure_n but_o then_o at_o last_o he_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o the_o true_a ancient_a writing_n of_o the_o word_n be_v hauberk_n not_o haubert_n as_o it_o be_v hautberg_n i._n e._n the_o chief_a or_o principal_a piece_n of_o armour_n and_o berg_n he_o will_v have_v to_o signify_v armour_n as_o he_o make_v out_o in_o some_o of_o its_o compound_n bainberg_n armour_n for_o the_o leg_n and_o halsberg_n armour_n for_o the_o neck_n and_o breast_n and_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o saxon_a beorgan_n i._n e._n to_o arm_n to_o defend_v add_v to_o this_o say_v he_o that_o the_o french_a themselves_o and_o we_o from_o they_o call_v it_o a_o haubergeon_n as_o it_o be_v haubergium_fw-la lin._n 33._o from_o all_o geld_n the_o saxon_a word_n geld_v or_o gild_v signify_v a_o tribute_n or_o tax_n a_o amercement_n a_o payment_n of_o money_n and_o money_n itself_o whence_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o money_n be_v call_v gold_n it_o be_v from_o the_o verb_n geldan_n or_o gyldan_n to_o pay_v in_o latin_a it_o be_v geldum_fw-la and_o not_o gilda_n as_o cowell_n write_v it_o for_o this_o signify_v quite_o another_o thing_n a_o fraternity_n or_o company_n of_o merchant_n or_o the_o like_a whence_o a_o gild-hall_n that_o
be_v the_o hall_n of_o the_o gilled_a or_o society_n such_o as_o be_v once_o the_o stilyard_n call_v gildhalla_n tentonicorum_fw-la the_o gild-hall_n for_o the_o dutch_a merchant_n from_o the_o hanse-town_n chap._n vii_o pag._n 63._o lin_v 25._o iphis_n and_o janthis_n and_o ceneus_n person_n mention_v by_o ovid_n who_o change_v their_o sex_n from_o female_a to_o male._n iphis_n be_v a_o maid_n of_o crect_n who_o after_o her_o metamorphosis_n when_o she_o turn_v to_o man_n take_v janthe_n to_o wife_n and_o canis_n for_o that_o be_v her_o maiden_n name_n be_v a_o thessalian_a girl_n who_o neptune_n make_v a_o whore_n of_o first_o and_o then_o at_o her_o request_n a_o man_n who_o thenceforward_o go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o caeneus_n lin._n 34._o cheat_n who_o they_o common_o call_v coiner_n in_o malmesbury_n latin_n trapezitas_fw-la quos_fw-la vulgò_fw-la monetarios_fw-la vocant_fw-la which_o bare_a citation_n be_v all_o the_o account_n that_o spelman_n give_v of_o the_o word_n monetarius_fw-la it_o do_v proper_o signify_v a_o officer_n of_o the_o mint_n that_o make_v and_o coin_v the_o king_n money_n a_o monier_n but_o here_o by_o the_o historian_n imply_v that_o such_o fellow_n as_o this_o law_n be_v make_v against_o be_v falsarii_fw-la cheat_n and_o by_o our_o author_n be_v term_v of_o they_o adulteratores_fw-la monetae_fw-la counterfeiter_n of_o coin_n we_o must_v understand_v they_o to_o be_v false_a coiner_n clipper_n washer_n imbaser_n of_o the_o king_n coin_n and_o the_o like_a and_o therefore_o i_o render_v trapezitas_fw-la which_o otherwise_o be_v a_o word_n of_o innocent_a meaning_n for_o money-changer_n banker_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o historian_n sense_n cheat_n chap._n viii_o pag._n 65._o lin_v 24._o every_o hide_n of_o land_n it_o be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o saxon_a word_n hyden_n to_o cover_v so_o that_o thus_o it_o will_v be_v the_o same_o as_o tectum_fw-la in_o latin_a a_o dwellinghouse_n and_o thus_o i_o question_v not_o but_o there_o be_v several_a house_n call_v the_o hide_n for_o i_o know_v one_o or_o two_o myself_o so_o call_v that_o be_v the_o capital_a message_n of_o the_o estate_n nor_o be_v it_o so_o consign_v to_o this_o sense_n but_o that_o it_o take_v in_o all_o the_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o message_n or_o manor-house_n which_o the_o old_a saxon_n call_v hidelande_n and_o upon_o some_o such_o account_n no_o doubt_n hidepark_n have_v its_o name_n as_o a_o park_n belong_v to_o some_o great_a house_n now_o as_o to_o the_o quantity_n how_o much_o a_o hide_n of_o land_n be_v it_o be_v not_o well_o agree_v some_o reckon_v it_o a_o hundred_o acre_n other_o thereabouts_o by_o make_v it_o contain_v four_o yardland_n every_o yardland_n consist_v of_o twenty_o four_o acre_n the_o general_a opinion_n be_v that_o it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o can_v be_v plough_v with_o one_o blow_n in_o a_o year_n terra_fw-la unius_fw-la aratri_fw-la culturae_fw-la sufficiens_fw-la and_o thus_o it_o shall_v be_v muchwhat_o the_o same_o as_o carrucata_n terrae_fw-la i._n e._n a_o ploughland_n from_o bede_n who_o translate_v it_o familia_fw-la they_o gather_v it_o be_v so_o much_o as_o can_v maintain_v a_o family_n there_o be_v mention_v make_v of_o these_o hide_n in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n a_o hundred_o year_n before_o king_n alfred_n who_o divide_v the_o country_n into_o county_n or_o shire_n and_o tax_n and_o assessment_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o these_o hide_n up_o as_o high_a as_o king_n ethelred_n time_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1008._o since_o the_o conquest_n william_n the_o first_o have_v six_o shilling_n for_o every_o hide_n in_o england_n rufus_n four_o henry_n the_o first_o here_o three_o for_o the_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n pag._n 66._o lin_v 8._o this_o right_n be_v call_v wreck_n i._n e._n by_o which_o the_o king_n claim_v shipwreck_v good_n cast_v on_o shore_n for_o though_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n such_o thing_n as_o be_v nullius_fw-la in_o bonis_fw-la have_v no_o owner_n every_o one_o that_o find_v they_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v a_o right_n to_o they_o yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n they_o be_v adjudge_v to_o the_o prince_n as_o a_o special_a privilege_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o dignity_n now_o wreck_n or_o as_o the_o french_a call_v it_o varec_n proper_o signify_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v cast_v on_o shore_n as_o amber_n precious_a stone_n fish_n etc._n etc._n as_o well_o as_o shipwreck_v good_n from_o the_o saxon_a wraet_fw-la i._n e._n any_o thing_n that_o be_v fling_v away_o and_o leave_v forlorn_a though_o use_n have_v limit_v the_o word_n to_o the_o late_a sense_n chap._n ix_o pag._n 68_o lin_v 6._o the_o roman_a law_n be_v banish_v the_o realm_n i_o suppose_v there_o may_v be_v some_o word_n miss_v or_o mistake_v in_o the_o latin_a à_fw-la regno_fw-la jussae_fw-la sunt_fw-la leges_fw-la romanae_fw-la but_o that_o which_o follow_v the_o forbid_v of_o the_o book_n oblige_v i_o to_o that_o interpretation_n for_o why_o shall_v the_o book_n of_o those_o law_n be_v prohibit_v if_o the_o law_n themselves_o be_v as_o the_o latin_a read_v seem_v to_o import_v order_v and_o ratify_v by_o the_o realm_n wherefore_o i_o suppose_v some_o mistake_n or_o omission_n and_o for_o à_fw-la regno_fw-la jussae_fw-la read_v à_fw-fr regno_fw-la pulsae_fw-la or_o exulare_fw-la jussae_fw-la etc._n etc._n unless_o you_o will_v like_v to_o have_v it_o thus_o render_v command_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o i_o confess_v will_v be_v a_o very_a odd_a unusual_a construction_n chap._n x._o pag._n 69._o lin_v 39_o three_o hundred_o mark_n of_o gold_n a_o mark_v weigh_v eight_o ounce_n and_o as_o cowell_n state_n it_o out_o of_o stow_n it_o come_v to_o the_o value_n of_o 16_o l._n 13_o s._n 4_o d._n at_o this_o rate_n three_o hundred_o mark_n of_o gold_n come_v to_o five_o thousand_o pound_n and_o to_o every_o bishop_n five_o mark_n suppose_v only_o ten_o bishop_n come_v to_o 833_o l._n 6_o s._n 8_o d._n which_o be_v a_o very_a unlikely_a sum_n in_o this_o business_n it_o be_v true_a the_o value_n of_o it_o as_o of_o other_o coin_n and_o sum_n may_v vary_v and_o so_o we_o find_v in_o spelman_n that_o a_o uncertain_a author_n reckon_v a_o mark_n of_o gold_n to_o be_v worth_a fifty_o mark_n of_o silver_n but_o then_o it_o be_v as_o uncertain_a what_o mark_v of_o silver_n he_o mean_v for_o if_o they_o be_v such_o as_o we_o be_v and_o as_o they_o be_v in_o king_n john_n time_n at_o 13_o s._n 4_o d._n then_o a_o mark_n of_o gold_n will_v be_v of_o the_o value_n of_o 33_o l._n 6_o s._n 8_o d._n which_o be_v just_o double_a to_o the_o former_a value_n of_o 16_o l._n 13_o s._n 4_o d._n which_o be_v resolve_v into_o mark_n of_o silver_n make_v but_o 25._o but_o in_o ancient_a time_n a_o mark_n of_o silver_n be_v only_o 2_o s._n 6_o d._n so_o that_o fifty_o of_o they_o will_v make_v but_o 6_o l._n 5_o s._n another_o instance_n we_o meet_v with_o where_o one_o mark_v of_o gold_n be_v account_v equivalent_a to_o ten_o mark_n of_o silver_n which_o take_v a_o mark_n for_o 13_o s._n 4_o d._n come_v to_o 6_o l._n 13_o s._n 4_o d._n another_o where_o nine_o mark_n of_o silver_n pass_v for_o one_o mark_v of_o gold_n in_o a_o payment_n to_o the_o king_n which_o be_v just_a six_o pound_n and_o these_o three_o last_o account_n agree_v pretty_a well_o together_o take_v the_o middlemost_a of_o the_o three_o viz._n a_o mark_n of_o gold_n at_o ten_o mark_n of_o silver_n thus_o the_o above_o name_v sum_n of_o three_o hundred_o mark_n of_o gold_n that_o be_v three_o thousand_o mark_n of_o silver_n amount_v to_o two_o thousand_o pound_n and_o the_o five_o mark_n to_o every_o bishop_n suppose_v but_o ten_o bishop_n come_v to_o 333_o l._n 6_o s._n 8_o d._n but_o if_o we_o take_v these_o mark_n of_o silver_n at_o 2_o s._n 6_o d._n the_o account_n will_v grow_v much_o less_o for_o ten_o such_o mark_n be_v but_o 1_o l._n 5_o s._n so_o that_o the_o three_o hundred_o mark_n of_o gold_n at_o this_o rate_n will_v come_v but_o to_o 375_o l._n sterling_n but_o that_o these_o mark_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o low_a estimate_n be_v not_o here_o intend_v may_v probable_o enough_o be_v gather_v from_o one_o passage_n more_o we_o find_v there_o centum_fw-la solidi_fw-la dentur_fw-la vel_fw-la marca_fw-la auri_fw-la where_o if_o solidi_fw-la stand_v for_o shilling_n for_o they_o may_v be_v take_v for_o soulx_fw-fr as_o the_o french_a call_v they_o a_o mark_n of_o gold_n be_v make_v of_o equal_a value_n with_o 5_o l._n sterling_n and_o thus_o three_o hundred_o mark_n of_o gold_n come_v to_o fifteen_o hundred_o pound_n i_o confess_v after_o all_o most_o of_o these_o account_n of_o the_o mark_n gold_n or_o silver_n may_v be_v admit_v of_o as_o have_v possible_o at_o
thus_o word_n it_o quibus_fw-la sor_n tantum_fw-la contulit_fw-la extra_fw-la domos_fw-la in_o pascuis_fw-la ut_fw-la triginta_fw-la argenteorum_fw-la pretium_fw-la excederet_fw-la who_o have_v a_o estate_n beside_o house_n in_o land_n which_o may_v exceed_v the_o value_n of_o thirty_o silver_n penny_n lin._n 15._o out_o of_o a_o rescript_n of_o pope_n gregory_n we_o have_v the_o whole_a letter_n set_v down_o in_o spelman_n which_o speak_v in_o english_a thus_o gregory_n the_o bishop_n servant_z of_o the_o servant_n of_o god_n to_o his_o worshipful_a brethren_n the_o arch-bishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o york_n and_o to_o their_o suffragans_fw-la and_o to_o his_o belove_a son_n the_o abbot_n prior_n arch-deacon_n and_o their_o official_o appoint_v throughout_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n unto_o who_o these_o letter_n shall_v come_v greeting_n and_o apostolical_a benediction_n in_o what_o manner_n the_o penny_n of_o s._n peter_n which_o be_v due_a or_o owe_v to_o our_o chamber_n be_v to_o be_v gather_v in_o england_n and_o in_o what_o bishopric_n and_o diocese_n they_o be_v owe_v that_o there_o may_v arise_v no_o doubt_n on_o this_o occasion_n we_o have_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v set_v down_o in_o this_o present_a write_n according_a as_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o register_n of_o the_o apostolic_a see_n out_o of_o the_o diocese_n of_o canterbury_n seven_o pound_n and_o eighteen_o shilling_n sterling_a out_o of_o the_o diocese_n of_o london_n sixteen_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n yeoven_a at_o the_o old_a city_n april_n 22._o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o our_o popedom_n there_o be_v some_o difference_n though_o in_o the_o account_n of_o the_o diocese_n for_o after_o lincoln_n he_o leave_v out_o coventry_n and_o put_v chichester_n for_o chester_n 8_o l._n and_o then_o after_o bath_n he_o put_v in_o salisbury_n and_o coventry_n with_o a_o mistake_n 10_o l._n 10_o s._n for_o 5_o s._n and_o leave_v york_n last_v beside_o every_o body_n know_v there_o be_v more_o diocese_n now_o than_o be_v then_o this_o be_v gregory_n the_o five_o that_o write_v this_o and_o it_o be_v our_o author_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o but_o edward_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o lord_n 1365._o and_o of_o his_o reign_n 39_o forbid_v these_o peter-pence_n to_o be_v pay_v any_o more_o at_o rome_n or_o to_o be_v gather_v any_o long_a in_o england_n chap._n xv._n pag._n 81._o lin_v 10._o into_o six_o province_n or_o circuit_n as_o they_o be_v for_o number_n still_o with_o two_o judge_n a_o piece_n though_o at_o first_o three_o how_o these_o differ_v from_o what_o they_o now_o be_v as_o to_o the_o county_n the_o reader_n may_v easy_o satisfy_v himself_o here_o be_v thirty_o seven_o of_o they_o as_o we_o now_o reckon_v only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o monmouth_n and_o rutland_n be_v leave_v out_o and_o richmond_z and_o copland_n be_v put_v in_o pag._n 82._o lin_v 27._o and_o if_o he_o perish_v i._n e._n sink_v let_v he_o lose_v one_o foot_n for_o that_o in_o this_o trial_n by_o water_n be_v the_o sign_n and_o proof_n of_o guilt_n if_o the_o party_n throw_v in_o do_v not_o swim_v which_o be_v quite_o contrary_a in_o the_o trial_n of_o witch_n as_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n which_o treat_v of_o ordeal_n lin._n 39_o the_o king_n great_a assize_n assize_n be_v a_o word_n that_o have_v many_o signification_n in_o our_o law_n it_o be_v here_o in_o the_o title_n take_v for_o a_o statute_n the_o assize_n i._n e._n the_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n of_o king_n henry_n make_v at_o clarendon_n but_o in_o this_o place_n it_o be_v use_v for_o a_o jury_n and_o it_o be_v either_o the_o great_a or_o grand_a assize_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o right_n of_o property_n and_o be_v to_o consist_v of_o twelve_o knight_n or_o the_o petty_a assize_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o right_n of_o possession_n only_o and_o be_v make_v up_o of_o twelve_o lawful_a man_n chap._n xvi_o pag._n 86._o lin_v 34._o the_o superstition_n and_o foppery_n these_o you_o have_v also_o in_o sir_n h._n spelman_n with_o a_o incipit_fw-la missa_fw-la judicii_fw-la which_o show_v that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n do_v once_o approve_v of_o these_o custom_n which_o since_o she_o have_v condemn_v notwithstanding_o her_o pretence_n of_o be_v infallible_a i_o will_v to_o god_n she_o will_v deal_v as_o ingenuous_o in_o throw_v off_o those_o other_o error_n and_o corruption_n we_o do_v so_o just_o charge_v she_o with_o chap._n xvii_o pag._n 87._o lin_v 21._o hogenhine_v or_o agen-hyne_a that_o be_v one_o own_o servant_n it_o be_v write_v also_o home-hyne_a that_o be_v a_o servant_n of_o the_o house_n lin._n 33._o hold_v in_o frank_n pledge_v the_o latin_a be_v francus_fw-la tenens_fw-la wherefore_o amend_v the_o mistake_n and_o read_v hold_v in_o frank_n fee_n for_o frank_n pledge_n be_v a_o thing_n of_o another_o nature_n as_o belong_v to_o a_o man_n behaviour_n and_o not_o to_o his_o tenure_n now_o frank_n fee_n be_v that_o which_o be_v free_a from_o all_o service_n when_o a_o man_n hold_v a_o estate_n at_o the_o common_a law_n to_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n and_o not_o by_o such_o service_n as_o be_v require_v in_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la pag._n 88_o lin_v 12._o the_o falcidian_n law_n so_o name_v from_o one_o falcidius_n who_o be_v tribune_n of_o the_o people_n in_o augustus_n his_o time_n be_v the_o maker_n of_o this_o law_n lin._n 33._o twenty_o pound_n worth_a of_o land_n in_o yearly_a revenue_n so_o i_o render_v 20._o libratae_fw-la terrae_fw-la for_o although_o cowell_n in_o proportion_n to_o quadrantata_n or_o fardingdeal_o of_o land_n which_o he_o say_v be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o acre_n seem_v at_o first_o to_o gather_v that_o obolata_n then_o must_v be_v half_a a_o acre_n denariata_n a_o whole_a acre_n and_o by_o consequence_n solidata_fw-la twelve_o acre_n and_o librata_fw-la twenty_o time_n twelve_o that_o be_v two_o hundred_o and_o forty_o acre_n yet_o this_o be_v but_o a_o conceit_n of_o his_o own_o for_o by_o have_v find_v the_o word_n use_v with_o reference_n to_o rent_n as_o well_o as_o land_n thus_o 20._o libratas_fw-la terrae_fw-la vel_fw-la reditûs_fw-la he_o be_v force_v to_o acknowledge_v that_o it_o must_v signify_v so_o much_o land_n as_o may_v yield_v twenty_o shilling_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o which_o opinion_n spelman_n also_o give_v his_o assent_n but_o what_o quantity_n of_o land_n this_o librata_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v can_v so_o easy_o be_v determine_v cowell_n out_o of_o skene_n tell_v we_o it_o contain_v four_o oxgang_n and_o every_o oxgang_n thirteen_o acre_n if_o so_o than_o it_o be_v fifty_o two_o acre_n and_o twenty_o of_o they_o which_o make_v a_o knight_n fee_n come_v to_o one_o thousand_o and_o forty_o acre_n which_o somewhat_o exceed_v the_o account_n here_o set_v down_o of_o six_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o out_o of_o the_o red_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n but_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o more_o difference_n still_o as_o the_o account_n of_o the_o knight_n fee_n be_v give_v by_o other_o in_o one_o manuscript_n we_o read_v that_o a_o yardland_n contain_v twenty_o four_o acre_n four_o yard-land_n make_v one_o hide_v that_o be_v ninety_o six_o acre_n and_o five_o hide_n make_v a_o knight_n fee_n that_o be_v four_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o acre_n the_o relief_n whereof_o be_v a_o hundred_o shilling_n another_o manuscript_n have_v it_o thus_o ten_o acre_n according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n make_v one_o fardel_n and_o four_o fardel_n that_o be_v forty_o acre_n make_v a_o yardland_n and_o four_o yardland_n that_o be_v one_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o acre_n make_v one_o hide_v and_o four_o hide_n that_o be_v six_o hundred_o and_o forty_o acre_n make_v one_o knight_n fee._n a_o three_o reckon_v it_o otherwise_o that_o sixteen_o yard-land_n make_v a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n which_o if_o we_o make_v a_o yard-land_n to_o be_v twenty_o four_o acre_n according_a to_o the_o first_o account_n come_v to_o three_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o acre_n but_o if_o according_a to_o the_o second_o we_o take_v it_o for_o forty_o acre_n it_o amount_v to_o six_o hundred_o and_o forty_o acre_n and_o say_v he_o when_o they_o be_v tax_v at_o six_o shilling_n four_o penny_n that_o be_v every_o of_o the_o sixteen_o yard-land_n which_o make_v up_o the_o fee_n at_o so_o much_o they_o make_v the_o sum_n of_o one_o hundred_o shilling_n or_o five_o pound_n which_o be_v the_o ancient_a relief_n of_o a_o knight_n fee._n but_o this_o be_v a_o mistake_n either_o of_o the_o author_n or_o the_o citation_n it_o be_v six_o shilling_n three_o penny_n which_o make_v that_o just_a sum_n from_o whence_o we_o learn_v also_o what_o proportion_n be_v observe_v by_o the_o lord_n in_o set_v and_o demand_v of_o the_o relief_n upon_o the_o next_o
heir_n after_o his_o ancestor_n decease_n further_o in_o the_o king_n writ_n as_o glanvil_n cite_v it_o it_o be_v say_v that_o twelve_o plough-land_n make_v one_o knight_n fee_n which_o allow_v to_o a_o ploughland_n one_o hundred_o &_o twenty_o acre_n amount_n to_o one_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o forty_o acre_n in_o the_o main_a as_o to_o the_o value_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n it_o be_v enough_o what_o cowell_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v so_o much_o inheritance_n as_o be_v sufficient_a yearly_a to_o maintain_v a_o knight_n with_o convenient_a revenue_n which_o in_o henry_n the_o three_o day_n camden_n say_v be_v fifteen_o pound_n and_o sir_n thomas_n smith_n rate_v at_o forty_o but_o to_o confirm_v the_o account_n which_o our_o author_n here_o give_v we_o we_o find_v in_o the_o statute_n for_o knight_n in_o the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o second_o that_o such_o as_o have_v twenty_o pound_n in_o fee_n or_o for_o term_n of_o life_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la may_v be_v compel_v to_o be_v knight_n and_o as_o to_o the_o various_a measure_n of_o land_n of_o which_o we_o have_v have_v a_o remarkable_a instance_n in_o this_o business_n before_o we_o spelman_n have_v give_v we_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o since_o where_o the_o land_n be_v good_a they_o may_v probable_o reckon_v the_o few_o acre_n to_o a_o yard-land_n a_o hide_n a_o knight_n fee_n etc._n etc._n and_o where_o it_o be_v barren_a they_o may_v allow_v the_o more_o beside_o that_o some_o lord_n who_o let_v these_o fee_n may_v be_v more_o bountiful_a and_o profuse_a other_o more_o parsimonious_a and_o severe_a to_o their_o dependent_n and_o that_o the_o service_n which_o be_v impose_v upon_o these_o fee_n may_v in_o some_o manor_n according_a to_o custom_n be_v light_a in_o other_o upon_o agreement_n and_o covenant_n more_o heavy_a all_o which_o may_v strange_o diversify_v the_o account_n as_o to_o the_o quantity_n or_o measure_n of_o those_o land_n which_o be_v to_o make_v up_o a_o knight_n fee._n chap._n xviii_o pag._n 91._o lin_v 4._o a_o little_a habergeon_n or_o coat_n of_o mail._n in_o latin_a halbergellum_fw-la a_o diminutive_a from_o the_o saxon_a halsberg_n armour_n for_o the_o neck_n and_o breast_n it_o be_v write_v also_o haubergellum_fw-la and_o hambergellum_fw-la they_o mistake_v themselves_o who_o translate_v it_o a_o halberd_n in_o french_a halebarde_n anoffensive_a weapon_n for_o a_o coat_n of_o mail_n which_o be_v armour_n of_o defence_n in_o french_a haubert_n or_o hauberk_n whence_o fee_n de_fw-fr hauberk_n which_o we_o have_v already_o explain_v somewhere_o before_o lin._n 5._o a_o capelet_n of_o iron_n a_o little_a iron_n or_o steel_n cap_n instead_o of_o a_o head-piece_n or_o helmet_n which_o the_o better_a sort_n wear_v for_o by_o compare_v this_o with_o the_o two_o foregoing_a section_n we_o find_v they_o be_v to_o have_v a_o difference_n of_o arm_n according_a to_o their_o different_a quality_n and_o estate_n lin._n 7._o a_o wambais_n wambasium_n or_o wambasia_n so_o call_v i_o suppose_v because_o it_o reach_v over_o the_o belly_n or_o womb_n be_v a_o jacket_n or_o coat_n of_o defence_n use_v in_o stead_n of_o the_o coat_n of_o mail_n perhaps_o like_a unto_o our_o buff-coat_n though_o probable_o not_o of_o leather_n only_o but_o of_o any_o other_o material_a as_o the_o wearer_n shall_v think_v fit_a pag._n 92._o lin_v 6._o timber_n for_o the_o build_n of_o ship_n in_o latin_a here_o mairemia_n write_v also_o meremia_n and_o meremium_fw-la and_o maremium_fw-la and_o muremium_fw-la from_o the_o french_a meresme_fw-fr timber_n to_o build_v with_o lin._n 14._o stercutius_n saturn_n so_o call_v as_o be_v the_o first_o inventor_n of_o dung_v land_n lin._n 28._o under_o the_o title_n of_o freeman_n here_o the_o author_n himself_o have_v in_o the_o latin_a add_v a_o marginal_a note_n which_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o remove_v to_o this_o place_n he_o say_v that_o among_o the_o ancient_a german_n the_o always_o free_a the_o middlemost_a free_a and_o the_o lowermost_a free_a be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o class_n and_o several_a rank_n of_o the_o lesser_a noble_n i._n e._n of_o their_o gentry_n for_o the_o title_n of_o nobless_n as_o also_o in_o our_o vulgar_a language_n be_v give_v only_o to_o prince_n and_o great_a men._n and_o for_o this_o he_o quote_v munster_n cosmog_n lib._n 3._o chap._n xix_o pag._n 93._o l._n 32._o in_o the_o border_n of_o the_o carnutes_n a_o people_n of_o france_n who_o country_n be_v call_v chartrain_n and_o their_o chief_a city_n chartres_n about_o eighteen_o league_n from_o paris_n eastward_o that_o town_n eight_o mile_n off_o call_v dreux_n in_o latin_a drocum_fw-la be_v so_o name_v from_o the_o druid_n who_o dwell_v there_o at_o first_o and_o likely_a enough_o afterward_o often_o resort_v thither_o p._n 94._o l._n 37._o of_o the_o three_o estate_n the_o king_n the_o lord_n and_o the_o commons_o there_o be_v indeed_o three_o order_n or_o estate_n acknowledge_v by_o true_a divine_n and_o sound_a lawyer_n in_o the_o english_a government_n to_o wit_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a the_o lord_n temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n but_o the_o fundamental_a mistake_n of_o our_o learned_a author_n be_v that_o he_o have_v join_v those_o two_o sort_n of_o lord_n who_o very_a character_n show_v they_o to_o be_v of_o a_o distinct_a species_n though_o as_o to_o the_o public_a welfare_n and_o the_o king_n service_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o interest_n into_o one_o estate_n and_o to_o make_v up_o the_o three_o estate_n think_v himself_o oblige_v to_o bring_v in_o the_o king_n himself_o for_o one_o who_o be_v lord_n paramount_n over_o all_o the_o three_o and_o by_o this_o mean_n ipsam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la in_o ordinem_fw-la redigere_fw-la i_o call_v this_o a_o fundamental_a mistake_n as_o a_o most_o probable_a ground_n of_o rebellion_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o baron_n war_n and_o in_o our_o late_a civil_a broil_n inasmuch_o as_o if_o the_o king_n make_v one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n as_o they_o fancy_v he_o do_v and_o have_v as_o they_o do_v from_o thence_o conclude_v he_o have_v no_o more_o but_o a_o coordinate_a power_n with_o both_o or_o either_o of_o the_o other_o two_o estate_n that_o then_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o both_o or_o either_o of_o those_o estate_n in_o case_n of_o public_a grievance_n to_o quarrel_v the_o king_n their_o coordinate_a if_o he_o will_v not_o give_v way_n to_o their_o redress_n that_o be_v if_o he_o will_v not_o consent_v to_o do_v what_o they_o will_v have_v he_o to_o do_v and_o upon_o his_o refusal_n of_o so_o do_v to_o raise_v war_n against_o he_o to_o sequester_v and_o murder_v his_o loyal_a adherent_n to_o destroy_v his_o royal_a person_n and_o final_o if_o he_o escape_v the_o hazard_n of_o battle_n when_o they_o get_v he_o into_o their_o hand_n to_o bring_v he_o to_o account_v for_o a_o pretend_a male_a administration_n and_o the_o violation_n of_o a_o trust_n which_o god_n and_o not_o the_o people_n put_v into_o his_o hand_n and_o have_v go_v so_o far_o that_o they_o may_v if_o possible_a secure_v themselves_o to_o put_v the_o monarch_n to_o death_n and_o to_o extirpate_v monarchy_n itself_o this_o be_v the_o ground_n and_o method_n of_o our_o late_a republican_n policy_n and_o practice_n wherein_o yet_o they_o do_v not_o foresee_v what_o example_n they_o set_v against_o themselves_o suppose_v this_o doctrine_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n in_o their_o sense_n to_o be_v true_a and_o that_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o have_v a_o equality_n of_o trust_n and_o parity_n of_o power_n that_o the_o same_o outrage_n which_o the_o rump-commoner_n act_v against_o the_o king_n to_o the_o destroy_n of_o he_o and_o against_o the_o lord_n to_o the_o out_n of_o they_o and_o vote_v they_o useless_a and_o dangerous_a as_o to_o their_o share_n of_o government_n may_v one_o time_n or_o other_o be_v more_o plausible_o promote_v and_o more_o effectual_o put_v in_o execution_n by_o one_o or_o both_o of_o the_o other_o two_o estate_n with_o the_o help_n and_o assistance_n of_o great_a number_n of_o the_o commoner_n as_o there_o ever_o will_v be_v in_o such_o national_a division_n against_o themselves_o and_o all_o man_n whatever_o of_o such_o pernicious_a and_o destructive_a principle_n no._n this_o false_a doctrine_n i_o hope_v will_v never_o obtain_v among_o we_o and_o our_o english_a government_n be_v so_o well_o constitute_v that_o our_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o our_o worthy_a commoner_n will_v find_v it_o the_o interest_n of_o themselves_o and_o their_o posterity_n that_o they_o will_v ever_o have_v that_o duty_n and_o deference_n to_o our_o sovereign_n as_o may_v secure_v he_o and_o we_o and_o discourage_v the_o design_n and_o defeat_v the_o attempt_n of_o all_o such_o as_o wish_v ill_o to_o his_o honour_n and_o safety_n or_o to_o the_o public_a peace_n
breed_n of_o their_o child_n the_o marry_v of_o their_o wife_n the_o govern_n of_o their_o family_n burn_a woman_n that_o kill_v their_o husband_n and_o burn_v some_o servant_n with_o the_o dead_a master_n for_o company_n together_o with_o some_o remark_n of_o their_o public_a government_n p._n 16_o chap._n xii_o woman_n admit_v to_o public_a debate_n a_o large_a commendation_n of_o the_o sex_n together_o with_o a_o vindication_n of_o their_o fitness_n to_o govern_v against_o the_o salic_a law_n make_v out_o by_o several_a example_n of_o most_o nation_n p._n 18_o chap._n xiii_o their_o put_a themselves_o under_o protection_n by_o go_v into_o great_a man_n service_n their_o coin_n of_o money_n and_o their_o weigh_v of_o it_o some_o sort_n of_o flesh_n not_o lawful_a to_o be_v eat_v by_o they_o p._n 21_o chap._n fourteen_o community_n of_o wife_n among_o the_o britan_n use_v former_o by_o other_o nation_n also_o chalcondylas_n his_o mistake_n from_o our_o civil_a custom_n of_o salute_v a_o rebuke_n of_o the_o foolish_a humour_n of_o jealousy_n p._n 22_o chap._n xv._n a_o account_n of_o the_o british_a state_n under_o the_o roman_n claudius_n win_v a_o battle_n and_o return_n to_o rome_n in_o triumph_n and_o leaf_n a._n plautius_n to_o order_n affair_n a_o colony_n be_v send_v to_o maldon_n in_o essex_n and_o to_o several_a other_o place_n the_o nature_n of_o these_o colony_n out_o of_o lipsius_n julius_n agricola_n government_n here_o in_o vespasian_n time_n p._n 24_o chap._n xvi_o in_o commodus_n his_o time_n king_n lucy_n embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n and_o desire_n eleutherius_fw-la then_o pope_n to_o send_v he_o the_o roman_a law_n in_o stead_n of_o heathen_a priest_n he_o make_v three_o arch-bishop_n and_o twenty_o eight_o bishop_n he_o endow_v the_o church_n and_o make_v they_o sanctuary_n the_o manner_n of_o government_n in_o constantine_n time_n where_o end_v the_o roman_a account_n p._n 27_o chap._n xvii_o the_o saxon_n be_v send_v for_o in_o by_o vortigern_n against_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n who_o usurp_v the_o government_n set_v up_o the_o heptarchy_n the_o angles_n jute_n frison_n all_o call_v saxon_n a_o account_n of_o they_o and_o their_o law_n take_v out_o of_o adam_n of_o bremen_n p._n 29_o chap._n xviii_o the_o saxon_n division_n of_o their_o people_n into_o four_o rank_n no_o person_n to_o marry_v out_o of_o his_o own_o rank_n what_o proportion_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o marriage_n according_a to_o policy_n like_a to_o like_v the_o old_a rule_n now_o matrimony_n be_v make_v a_o matter_n of_o money_n p._n 30_o chap._n xix_o the_o saxon_n way_n of_o judge_v the_o event_n of_o war_n with_o a_o enemy_n their_o manner_n of_o approve_v a_o proposal_n in_o council_n by_o clatter_v their_o arms._n the_o original_a of_o hundred-court_n their_o dub_a their_o youth_n into_o men._n the_o privilege_n of_o young_a lad_n noble_o bear_v the_o morganheb_n or_o wedding-dowry_n p._n 32_o chap._n xx._n their_o severe_a punishment_n of_o adultery_n by_o maim_v some_o part_n of_o the_o body_n the_o reason_n of_o it_o give_v by_o bracton_n the_o like_a practise_v by_o dane_n and_o norman_n p._n 33_o chap._n xxi_o the_o manner_n of_o inherit_v among_o they_o of_o deadly_a feud_n of_o wergild_n or_o head-money_n for_o murder_n the_o nature_n of_o country-tenure_n and_o knight_n fee_n p._n 36_o chap._n xxii_o since_o the_o return_n of_o christianity_n into_o the_o island_n king_n ethelbert_n law_n against_o sacrilege_n thief_n former_o amerce_v in_o cattle_n a_o blot_n upon_o theodred_a the_o good_a bishop_n of_o london_n for_o hang_v thief_n the_o country_n call_v engelond_n by_o order_n of_o king_n egbert_n and_o why_o so_o call_v the_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n alfred_n ethelred_n etc._n etc._n be_v still_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o saxon._n those_o of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o king_n knute_n the_o dane_n be_v put_v forth_o by_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o archaeonomia_fw-la p._n 37_o chap._n xxiii_o king_n alfred_n divide_v england_n into_o county_n or_o shire_n and_o into_o hundred_o and_o tything_n the_o original_a of_o decenna_n or_o courtleet_n friburg_n and_o mainpast_a form_n of_o law_n how_o people_n be_v to_o answer_v for_o those_o who_o they_o have_v in_o borgh_n or_o mainpast_a p._n 39_o chap._n xxiv_o king_n alfred_n first_o appoint_v sheriff_n by_o duns_n scotus_n his_o advice_n he_o give_v order_n for_o the_o breed_n up_o of_o youth_n in_o learning_n by_o the_o way_n what_o a_o hide_n of_o land_n be_v king_n edgar_n law_n for_o drink_v prelate_n investiture_n by_o the_o king_n ring_n and_o staff_n king_n knute_n law_n against_o any_o englishman_n that_o shall_v kill_v a_o dane_n hence_o englescyre_n the_o manner_n of_o subscribe_v and_o seal_v till_o edward_n the_o confessor_n time_n king_n harold_n law_n that_o no_o welshman_n shall_v come_v on_o this_o side_n offa_n dike_n with_o a_o weapon_n p._n 41_o chap._n vxx_n the_o royal_a consort_n great_a privilege_n of_o grant_v felon_n estate_n forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n estate_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n with_o three_o exception_n of_o expedition_n bridge_n and_o castle_n the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o king_n present_v a_o turf_n at_o the_o altar_n of_o that_o church_n to_o which_o he_o give_v land_n such_o a_o grant_n of_o king_n ethelbald_n comprise_v in_o old_a verse_n p._n 43_o the_o contetn_n book_n ii_o chap._n i._n william_n the_o conquerour_n title_n he_o bestow_v land_n upon_o his_o follower_n and_o bring_v bishop_n and_o abbot_n under_o military_a service_n a_o account_n of_o the_o old_a english_a law_n call_v merchenlage_n dan●lage_n and_o westsaxenlage_a he_o be_v prevail_v upon_o by_o the_o baron_n to_o govern_v according_a to_o king_n edward_n law_n and_o at_o s._n alban_n take_v his_o oath_n so_o to_o do_v yet_o some_o new_a law_n be_v add_v to_o those_o old_a one_o p._n 47_o chap._n ii_o the_o whole_a country_n enrol_v in_o doomsday_n book_n why_o that_o book_n so_o call_v robert_n of_o glocester_n verse_n to_o prove_v it_o the_o original_a of_o charter_n and_o seal_n from_o the_o norman_n practise_v of_o old_a among_o the_o french_a who_o among_o the_o roman_n have_v the_o privilege_n of_o use_v ring_n to_o seal_v with_o and_o who_o not_o p._n 51_o chap._n iii_o other_o way_n of_o grant_v and_o convey_v estate_n by_o a_o sword_n etc._n etc._n particular_o by_o a_o horn._n godwin_n trick_n to_o get_v boseham_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n plead_n in_o french_a the_o french_a language_n and_o hand_n when_o come_v in_o fashion_n coverse●_n law_n against_o take_v of_o deer_n against_o murder_n against_o rape_n p._n 54_o chap._n iu_o sheriff_n and_o jury_n be_v before_o this_o time_n the_o four_o term_n judge_n to_o act_n without_o appeal_n justice_n of_o peace_n the_o king_n payment_n make_v at_o first_o in_o provision_n afterward_o change_v into_o money_n which_o the_o sheriff_n of_o each_o county_n be_v to_o pay_v in_o to_o the_o exchequer_n the_o constable_n of_o dover_n and_o warder_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n why_o make_v a_o disorder_n in_o church-affair_n reform_v p._n 56_o chap._n v._o william_n rufus_n succeed_v annats_n now_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n why_o claim_v by_o the_o pope_n no_o one_o to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o land_n without_o leave_n hunt_v of_o dear_n make_v felony_n p._n 59_o chap._n vi_o henry_n the_o first_o why_o call_v beauclerk_n his_o letter_n of_o repeal_n a_o order_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o land_n what_o a_o hereot_fw-la be_v of_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o king_n homager_n daughter_n etc._n etc._n of_o a_o orphan_n marriage_n of_o the_o widow_n dowry_n of_o other_o homager_n the_o like_a coynage-money_n remit_v of_o the_o disposal_n of_o estate_n the_o good_n of_o those_o that_o die_v intestate_a now_o and_o long_o since_o in_o the_o church_n jurisdiction_n as_o also_o the_o business_n of_o wi_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o misdemeanour_n of_o forest_n of_o the_o fee_n de_fw-fr hauberk_n king_n edward_n law_n restore_v p._n 60_o chap._n vii_o his_o order_n for_o the_o restraint_n of_o his_o courtier_n what_o the_o punishment_n of_o theft_n coiner_n to_o lose_v their_o hand_n and_o privy_a member_n gelding_n a_o kind_n of_o death_n what_o halfpence_n and_o farthing_n to_o pass_v the_o right_a measure_n of_o the_o eln._n the_o king_n price_n set_v for_o provision_n p._n 63_o chap._n viii_o the_o regality_n claim_v by_o the_o pope_n but_o within_o a_o while_n resume_v by_o the_o king_n the_o coverfeu_n dispense_v with_o a_o subsidy_n for_o marry_v the_o king_n daughter_n the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n concern_v shipwreck_n a_o tax_n levy_v to_o raise_v and_o carry_v on_o a_o war_n p._n 65_o chap._n ix_o in_o king_n stephen_n reign_n all_o be_v to_o piece_n abundance_n of_o castle_n build_v of_o the_o privilege_n of_o coin_v appeal_v to_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n now_o set_v
quantity_n of_o corn_n or_o cattle_n or_o clothes_n we_o see_v here_o clear_o enough_o the_o nature_n of_o country_n land-holders_n fee_n or_o tenor_n as_o to_o military_a or_o knight_n fee_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o set_v that_o down_o too_o 2._o dionysius_n halicarnasseus_n give_v we_o a_o very_a ancient_a draught_n and_o model_n of_o they_o in_o the_o trojan_n and_o aborigines_n florus_n in_o the_o cymbrian_n and_o lampridius_n in_o alexander_n severus_n both_o the_o northern_a people_n and_o the_o italian_n do_v owe_v they_o to_o the_o huns_n and_o lombard_n but_o these_o late_a according_a to_o a_o more_o modern_a form_n let_v these_o thing_n suffice_v out_o of_o cornelius_n tacitus_n which_o belong_v to_o this_o head_n chap._n xxii_o since_o the_o return_n of_o christianity_n into_o the_o island_n king_n ethelbert_n law_n against_o sacrilege_n thief_n former_o amerce_v in_o cattle_n a_o blot_n upon_o theodred_a the_o good_a bishop_n of_o london_n for_o hang_v thief_n the_o country_n call_v engelond_n by_o order_n of_o king_n egbert_n and_o why_o so_o call_v the_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n alfred_n ethelred_n etc._n etc._n be_v still_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o saxon._n those_o of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o king_n knute_n the_o dane_n be_v put_v forth_o by_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o archaeonomia_fw-la before_o that_o the_o christian_a doctrine_n have_v drive_v out_o and_o banish_v the_o saxon_a idolatry_n all_o these_o thing_n i_o have_v hitherto_o be_v speak_v of_o be_v in_o use_n ethelbert_n he_o that_o be_v the_o first_o king_n not_o only_o of_o kent_n but_o of_o all_o england_n except_z northumberland_z have_v be_v baptize_v by_o austin_n the_o monk_n the_o apostle_n as_o some_o call_v he_o of_o the_o english_a among_o other_o good_a thing_n which_o by_o counsel_n and_o grant_v he_o do_v to_o his_o nation_n it_o be_v venerable_a bede_n speak_v these_o word_n he_o do_v also_o with_o the_o advice_n of_o wise_a man_n 5._o appoint_v for_o his_o people_n use_n the_o order_n of_o their_o proceed_n at_o law_n according_a to_o the_o example_n of_o the_o roman_n which_o have_v be_v write_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n say_v he_o be_v hitherto_o or_o to_o this_o time_n keep_v and_o observe_v by_o they_o among_o which_o order_n or_o decree_v he_o set_v down_o in_o the_o first_o place_n after_o what_o manner_n such_o a_o one_o shall_v make_v amends_o who_o shall_v convey_v away_o by_o stealth_n any_o of_o those_o thing_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n or_o to_o a_o bishop_n or_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o order_n in_o the_o law_n of_o some_o that_o come_v after_o he_o as_o those_o of_o king_n alured_n who_o cull_v out_o of_o ethelbert_n act_n to_o make_v up_o his_o own_o and_o those_o of_o king_n athelstan_n thief_n make_v satisfaction_n with_o money_n according_o as_o tacitus_n say_v of_o the_o german_n that_o for_o light_a offence_n those_o that_o be_v convict_v be_v at_o the_o rate_n of_o their_o penalty_n amerce_v such_o a_o number_n of_o horse_n or_o other_o cattle_n for_o ovibus_fw-la as_o festus_n have_v it_o before_o brass_n and_o silver_n be_v coin_a by_o ancient_a custom_n they_o be_v fine_v for_o their_o fault_n so_o much_o cattle_n but_o those_o who_o meddle_v with_o any_o thing_n sacred_a we_o read_v have_v that_o hand_n cut_v off_o with_o which_o they_o commit_v the_o theft_n well!_o but_o be_o i_o mistake_v 13._o or_o be_v sacrilege_n even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n punish_v as_o a_o capital_a crime_n there_o be_v a_o passage_n of_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n 1._o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la pontificum_fw-la that_o incline_v i_o to_o think_v so_o speak_v of_o theodred_a the_o bishop_n of_o london_n when_o athelstan_n be_v king_n 17._o he_o say_v that_o he_o have_v among_o the_o common_a people_n get_v the_o surname_n of_o theodred_a the_o good_a for_o the_o eminence_n of_o his_o virtue_n only_o in_o one_o thing_n he_o fall_v short_a which_o be_v rather_o a_o mistake_n than_o a_o crime_n that_o those_o thief_n which_o be_v take_v at_o st._n edmund_n who_o the_o holy_a martyr_n have_v upon_o their_o vain_a attempt_n tie_v with_o a_o invisible_a knot_n he_o mean_v st._n edmundsbury_n in_o suffolk_n 96_o which_o church_n these_o fellow_n have_v a_o design_n to_o rob_v be_v say_v by_o miracle_n to_o have_v stand_v still_o in_o the_o place_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v tie_v with_o cord_n these_o thief_n isaiah_n be_v by_o his_o mean_n or_o sufferance_n give_v up_o to_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n and_o condemn_v to_o the_o gallow_n or_o gibbet_n let_v not_o any_o one_o think_v that_o in_o this_o middle_a age_n this_o gallow_n or_o gibb●t_o i_o speak_v of_o be_v any_o other_o thing_n than_o the_o roman_a furca_fw-la upon_o which_o people_n hang_v and_o be_v strangle_v till_o they_o die_v 34._o egbert_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n i_o make_v use_n of_o camden_n word_n have_v get_v in_o four_o kingdom_n by_o conquest_n and_o devour_v the_o other_o two_o also_o in_o hope_n that_o what_o have_v come_v under_o the_o government_n of_o one_o may_v likewise_o go_v under_o one_o name_n and_o that_o he_o may_v keep_v up_o the_o memory_n of_o his_o own_o people_n the_o angles_n he_o give_v order_n by_o proclamation_n that_o the_o heptarchy_n which_o the_o saxon_n have_v possess_v shall_v be_v call_v engelond_n john_n carnotensis_n write_v that_o it_o be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o first_o come_v in_o of_o the_o angle_n and_o another_o some_o body_n say_v it_o be_v so_o name_v from_o hengist_n a_o saxon_a prince_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n alfred_n edward_n athelstan_n edmund_n edgar_z ethelred_n and_o knute_n the_o dane_n write_v in_o the_o saxon_a language_n which_o have_v last_v till_o these_o very_a time_n for_o king_n knute_n give_v order_v it_o be_v william_n of_o malmsbury_n speak_v that_o all_o the_o law_n which_o have_v be_v make_v by_o former_a king_n and_o especial_o by_o his_o predecessor_n ethelred_n shall_v under_o pain_n of_o his_o displeasure_n and_o a_o fine_a be_v constant_o observe_v for_o the_o keep_n of_o which_o even_o now_o in_o the_o time_n of_o those_o who_o be_v call_v the_o good_a people_n swear_v in_o the_o name_n of_o king_n edward_n not_o that_o he_o appoint_v they_o but_o that_o he_o observe_v they_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n who_o for_o his_o piety_n have_v the_o surname_n of_o confessor_n be_v in_o reader_n hand_n these_o of_o the_o confessor_n be_v in_o latin_a those_o other_o of_o knute_n be_v not_o long_o since_o put_v into_o latin_a by_o william_n lambard_n a_o learned_a man_n and_o one_o very_o well_o verse_v in_o antiquity_n who_o have_v recover_v they_o both_o and_o publish_v the_o saxon_a original_a with_o his_o translation_n over_o against_o it_o print_v by_o john_n day_n at_o london_n anno_fw-la 1567._o under_o the_o title_n of_o archaeonomia_fw-la or_o a_o book_n concern_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o english_a may_v he_o have_v a_o good_a harvest_n of_o it_o as_o he_o deserve_v from_o historian_n let_v we_o borrow_v some_o other_o help_v for_o this_o service_n chap._n xxiii_o king_n alfred_n divide_v england_n into_o county_n or_o shire_n and_o into_o hundred_o and_o tything_n the_o original_a of_o decenna_n or_o courtleet_n friburg_n and_o mainpast_a form_n of_o law_n how_o people_n be_v to_o answer_v for_o those_o who_o they_o have_v in_o borgh_n or_o mainpast_a 35._o ingulph_n the_o abbot_n of_o crowland_n wintoniae_fw-la write_v of_o king_n alfred_n say_v that_o he_o be_v the_o first_o of_o all_o that_o change_v the_o village_n or_o lordship_n and_o province_n of_o all_o england_n into_o county_n or_o shire_n before_o that_o it_o be_v reckon_v and_o divide_v according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o hide_n or_o plough-land_n by_o little_a district_n or_o quarter_n he_o divide_v the_o county_n into_o hundred_o and_o tything_n it_o be_v long_o before_o that_o honorius_n cantu●ri●nsis_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n have_v part_v the_o country_n into_o parish_n to_o wit_n anno_fw-la 636._o that_o every_o native_a home-born_a lawful_a man_n may_v be_v in_o some_o hundred_o and_o tything_n i_o mean_v whosoever_o be_v full_a twelve_o year_n of_o age_n and_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v be_v suspect_v of_o larceny_n or_o theft_n 19_o he_o may_v in_o his_o own_o hundred_o or_o ward_n be_v either_o condemn_v or_o give_v security_n in_o some_o manuscript_n it_o be_v be_v acquit_v he_o may_v either_o incur_v or_o avoid_v the_o deserve_a penalty_n william_n of_o malmsbury_n add_v to_o this_o that_o he_o that_o can_v not_o find_v security_n be_v afraid_a of_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n and_o if_o any_o guilty_a person_n either_o before_o his_o give_a security_n or_o after_o shall_v make_v his_o escape_n all_o of_o that_o hundred_o and_o tything_n
before_o the_o first_o parliament_n under_o king_n james_n have_v be_v make_v against_o those_o swill-bowl_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d aeneus_fw-la swabber_n of_o drunken_a feast_n and_o lusty_a rower_n in_o full_a brim_v rummer_n that_o do_v ply_v their_o dars_n who_o by_o their_o carouse_n tipple_a up_o nestor_n year_n as_o if_o they_o be_v celebrate_v the_o goddess_n anna_n perenna_n do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n drink_v other_o health_n and_o mischief_n and_o spoil_v their_o own_o and_o the_o public_a 39_o there_o be_v no_o choice_n of_o prelate_n these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o ingulph_n again_o that_o be_v mere_o free_a and_o canonical_a but_o the_o court_n confer_v all_o dignity_n as_o well_o of_o bishop_n as_o of_o abbot_n by_o the_o king_n ring_n and_o staff_n according_a to_o his_o good_a pleasure_n the_o election_n or_o choice_n be_v in_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o monk_n but_o they_o desire_v he_o who_o they_o have_v choose_v of_o the_o king_n edmund_n in_o king_n ethelred_n time_n be_v after_o this_o manner_n make_v bishop_n of_o the_o holy_a island_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o northumberland_n and_o king_n edgar_n in_o his_o patent_n 2._o which_o he_o sign_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o glastenbury_n retain_v to_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n the_o power_n of_o bestow_v the_o pastoral_a staff_n to_o the_o brother_n elect._n 40._o to_o as_o many_o as_o king_n knute_n retain_v with_o he_o in_o england_n to_o wit_n to_o the_o dane_n for_o by_o their_o hand_n also_o be_v the_o sceptre_n of_o this_o kingdom_n manage_v it_o be_v grant_v that_o they_o shall_v have_v a_o firm_a peace_n all_o over_o so_o that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o english_a kill_v any_o of_o those_o man_n who_o the_o king_n have_v bring_v along_o with_o he_o if_o he_o can_v not_o clear_v himself_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o god_n that_o be_v 15._o by_o ordeal_o to_o wit_n by_o water_n and_o burn_a hot_a iron_n justice_n shall_v be_v do_v upon_o he_o but_o if_o he_o run_v away_o and_o can_v not_o be_v take_v there_o shall_v be_v pay_v for_o he_o sixty_o six_o mark_n and_o they_o be_v gather_v in_o the_o village_n where_o the_o party_n be_v slay_v and_o therefore_o because_o they_o have_v not_o the_o murderer_n forth_o come_v and_o if_o in_o such_o village_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o poverty_n they_o can_v not_o be_v gather_v than_o they_o shall_v be_v gather_v in_o the_o hundred_o to_o be_v pay_v into_o the_o king_n treasure_n in_o this_o manner_n write_v henry_n bracton_n who_o observe_v that_o hence_o the_o business_n of_o englishshire_n come_v into_o fashion_n in_o the_o inquest_n of_o murder_n 41._o hand-writing_n i.e._n ingulphus_n patent_n and_o grant_n till_o edward_n the_o confessor_n time_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o subscription_n of_o faithful_a person_n present_a a_o thing_n practise_v too_o among_o the_o britan_n in_o king_n arthur_n time_n as_o john_n price_n inform_v we_o out_o of_o a_o very_a ancient_a book_n of_o the_o church_n of_o landaff_n those_o subscription_n be_v accompany_v with_o golden_a cross_n brit._n and_o other_o sacred_a seal_n or_o like_a stamp_n 42._o king_n harald_n make_v a_o law_n that_o whosoever_o of_o the_o welsh_a shall_v be_v find_v with_o a_o weapon_n about_o he_o without_o the_o bound_n which_o he_o have_v set_v they_o to_o wit_n offa_n dike_a he_o shall_v have_v his_o right_a hand_n cut_v off_o by_o the_o king_n officer_n this_o dike_a our_o chorographer_n tell_v we_o be_v cut_v by_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n sarisburiensi_fw-la and_o draw_v along_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n wye_n for_o about_o eighty_o mile_n in_o length_n on_o purpose_n to_o keep_v the_o english_a and_o welsh_a asunder_o chap._n xxv_o the_o royal_a consort_n great_a privilege_n of_o grant_v felon_n estate_n forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n estate_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n with_o three_o exception_n of_o expedition_n bridge_n and_o castle_n the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o king_n present_v a_o turf_n at_o the_o altar_n of_o that_o church_n to_o which_o he_o give_v land_n such_o a_o grant_n of_o king_n ethelbald_n comprise_v in_o old_a verse_n the_o donation_n or_o grant_n of_o the_o royal_a consort_n though_o not_o by_o the_o king_n authority_n contrary_a to_o what_o the_o privilege_n of_o any_o other_o wife_n be_v 26._o be_v ratify_v also_o in_o that_o age_n as_o they_o be_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n which_o by_o the_o patent_n of_o aethelswith_n wife_n to_o burghred_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n grant_v to_o cuthwul_n in_o the_o year_n 868._o have_v be_v long_o since_o make_v out_o by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n where_o also_o king_n ethelred_n ancient_a charter_n prove_v relat._n that_o the_o estate_n of_o felon_n those_o i_o mean_v who_o concern_v themselves_o in_o burglary_n and_o robbery_n be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n have_v already_o mention_v those_o hand-writing_n or_o grant_n which_o be_v from_o one_o hand_n and_o tother_o conveyance_n of_o tenure_n the_o fuel_n of_o quarrel_n i_o have_v a_o mind_n over_o and_o above_o what_o have_v be_v say_v to_o set_v down_o also_o these_o remark_n as_o be_v to_o our_o purpose_n and_o take_v from_o the_o saxon_n as_o for_o instance_n that_o those_o be_v most_o frequent_a whereby_o estate_n be_v convey_v to_o be_v hold_v with_o the_o best_a and_o fair_a right_n yet_o most_o common_o these_o three_o thing_n except_v to_o wit_n expedition_n repair_v of_o bridge_n and_o building_n of_o castle_n and_o that_o those_o to_o who_o the_o grant_n be_v make_v be_v very_o seldom_o acquit_v upon_o this_o account_n these_o three_o exception_n be_v note_v by_o the_o term_n of_o a_o three-knotted_n necessity_n in_o a_o old_a charter_n wherein_o king_n cedwalla_n grant_v to_o wilfrid_n the_o first_o bishop_n of_o shelsey_n in_o sussex_n the_o village_n of_o paganham_n in_o the_o say_a county_n 680._o for_o though_o in_o the_o grant_n of_o king_n ethelulph_n the_o church_n be_v free_a say_v ingulph_n and_o there_o be_v a_o concession_n of_o all_o thing_n for_o the_o release_n of_o our_o soul_n ingulph_n and_o pardon_v of_o our_o sin_n to_o serve_v god_n alone_o without_o expedition_n and_o build_v of_o bridge_n and_o fortify_v of_o castle_n to_o the_o intent_n that_o the_o clergy_n may_v whole_o attend_v divine_a service_n yet_o in_o that_o public_a debate_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o concern_v the_o ancient_a state_n freedom_n and_o government_n of_o the_o english_a church_n and_o concern_v the_o hourly_a exaction_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o leech_n juggler_n and_o decoy_n of_o rome_n that_o strol_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n to_o pick_v people_n pocket_n to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n they_o do_v indeed_o stand_v for_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o church_n and_o produce_v as_o witness_n thereof_o the_o instrument_n and_o grant_n of_o king_n who_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o so_o much_o incline_v to_o countenance_v that_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n but_o that_o 838._o as_o matthew_n paris_z observe_v they_o always_o reserve_v to_o themselves_o for_o the_o public_a advantage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n three_o thing_n to_o wit_n expedition_n and_o the_o repair_n or_o make_v up_o of_o bridge_n or_o castle_n that_o by_o they_o they_o may_v withstand_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o enemy_n ingulph_n and_o king_n e●helbald_n have_v this_o form_n i_o grant_v that_o all_o the_o monastery_n and_o church_n of_o my_o kingdom_n be_v discharge_v from_o public_a custom_n or_o tax_n work_n or_o service_n and_o burden_n or_o payment_n or_o attendance_n unless_o it_o be_v the_o building_n and_o repair_v of_o castle_n or_o bridge_n which_o can_v be_v release_v to_o any_o one_o i_o take_v no_o notice_n how_o king_n ethelred_n the_o twelve_o perhaps_o but_o by_o no_o mean_n the_o fifteen_o 7._o wherein_o a_o historian_n of_o we_o have_v blundr_v have_v sign_v the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n by_o the_o term_n of_o a_o olympiad_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o greek_a computation_n or_o reckon_n as_o likewise_o i_o pass_v other_o thing_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n which_o be_v many_o time_n use_v and_o practise_v according_a to_o the_o fancy_n of_o the_o clerk_n or_o notary_n however_o the_o last_o word_n which_o be_v the_o close_a of_o these_o grant_n and_o patent_n be_v not_o to_o be_v slight_v these_o we_o may_v see_v in_o that_o of_o cedwalla_n cant._n king_n of_o the_o south-saxons_a make_v to_o theadore_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o year_n 687._o thus_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o my_o grant_n essex_n i_o cedwalla_n have_v lay_v a_o turf_n of_o the_o land_n aforesaid_a upon_o the_o holy_a altar_n of_o my_o saviour_n and_o with_o my_o own_o hand_n be_v ignorant_a
of_o letter_n have_v set_v down_o and_o express_v the_o mark_n or_o sign_n of_o the_o holy_a cross._n concern_v wither_a and_o a_o turf_n of_o land_n in_o kent_n camden_n have_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o king_n ethelulph_n be_v say_v to_o have_v offer_v his_o patent_n ingulph_n or_o deed_n of_o gift_n on_o the_o altar_n of_o the_o holy_a apostle_n st._n peter_n for_o a_o conclusion_n i_o know_v no_o reason_n why_o i_o may_v not_o set_v underneath_o the_o verse_n of_o a_o old_a poet_n wherein_o he_o have_v comprise_v the_o instrument_n or_o grant_v of_o sound_v a_o abbey_n ingulph_n which_o ethelbald_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n give_v to_o kenulph_n abbot_n of_o crowland_n verse_n i_o say_v but_o such_o as_o be_v make_v without_o apollo_n consent_n or_o knowledge_n istum_fw-la kenulphum_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la vexaverit_fw-la anglus_fw-la rex_fw-la condemno_fw-la mihi_fw-la cuncta_fw-la catella_fw-la sua_fw-la ind_n meis_fw-la monachis_fw-la de_fw-la damnis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la ultrà_fw-la usque_fw-la satisfaciat_fw-la carcere_fw-la clausus_fw-la erit_fw-la adsunt_fw-la ante_fw-la deum_fw-la testes_fw-la huius_fw-la dationis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la proceres_fw-la pontificesque_fw-la mei_fw-la sanctus_n dedicate_v guthlacus_n confessor_n &_o anachorita_n hic_fw-la iaceo_fw-la in_fw-la cujus_fw-la auribus_fw-la ista_fw-la loqu●r_fw-la oret_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la sanctissimus_fw-la iste_fw-la sacerdos_n ad_fw-la tumbam_fw-la cujus_fw-la haec_fw-la mea_fw-la don●_n dedi_fw-la which_o in_o rhyme_n doggerel_n will_v run_v much_o after_o this_o hobble_a rate_n if_o any_o english_a vex_v this_o kenulph_n shall_v i_o king_n condemn_v to_o i_o his_o chattel_n all_o thenceforth_o until_o my_o monk_n he_o satisfy_v for_o damage_n in_o prison_n he_o shall_v lie_v witness_n of_o this_o gift_n here_o in_o god_n fight_n be_v english_a peer_n and_o prelate_n of_o my_o right_a saint_n guthlac_n confessor_n and_o anchoret_n lie_v here_o in_o who_o ear_n these_o word_n i_o speak_v yet_o may_v he_o pray_v for_o we_o that_o most_o holy_a priest_n at_o who_o tomb_n these_o my_o gift_n i_o have_v address_v thus_o they_o close_v their_o donation_n or_o grant_n thus_o we_o our_o remark_n of_o the_o saxon_n be_v now_o to_o pass_v to_o the_o norman_n the_o second_o book_n of_o the_o english_a janus_n from_o the_o norman_a conquest_n to_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n ii_o chap._n i._n william_n the_o conquerour_n title_n he_o bestow_v land_n upon_o his_o follower_n and_o bring_v bishop_n and_o abbot_n under_o military_a service_n a_o account_n of_o the_o old_a english_a law_n call_v merchenlage_n danelage_n and_o westsaxenlage_a he_o be_v prevail_v upon_o by_o the_o baron_n to_o govern_v according_a to_o king_n edward_n law_n and_o at_o s._n alban_n take_v his_o oath_n so_o to_o do_v yet_o some_o new_a law_n be_v add_v to_o those_o old_a one_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n upon_o pretence_n of_o a_o double_a right_n both_o that_o of_o blood_n inasmuch_o as_o emme_n the_o mother_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v daughter_n to_o richard_n the_o first_o duke_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o withal_o that_o of_o adoption_n have_v in_o battle_n worsted_n harald_n the_o son_n of_o godwin_n earl_n of_o kent_n obtain_v a_o large_a inheritance_n and_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o royal_a government_n over_o all_o england_n after_o his_o inauguration_n he_o liberal_o bestow_v the_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o english_a upon_o his_o fellow-soldier_n that_o little_a which_o remain_v so_o say_v matthew_n paris_n he_o put_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o a_o perpetual_a servitude_n upon_o which_o account_n some_o while_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n there_o be_v not_o in_o england_n except_o the_o king_n himself_o any_o one_o who_o hold_v land_n by_o right_a of_o freehold_n as_o they_o term_v it_o since_o in_o sooth_n one_o may_v well_o call_v all_o other_o to_o a_o man_n only_a lord_n in_o trust_n of_o what_o they_o have_v as_o those_o who_o by_o swear_v fealty_n and_o do_v homage_n do_v perpetual_o own_o and_o acknowledge_v a_o superior_a lord_n of_o who_o they_o hold_v and_o by_o who_o they_o be_v invest_v into_o their_o estate_n all_o bishopric_n and_o abbacy_n which_o hold_v barony_n and_o so_o far_o forth_o have_v freedom_n from_o all_o secular_a service_n the_o forecited_n matthew_n be_v my_o author_n he_o bring_v they_o under_o military_a service_n enrol_v every_o bishopric_n and_o abbacy_n according_a to_o his_o own_o pleasure_n how_o many_o soldier_n he_o will_v have_v each_o of_o they_o find_v he_o and_o his_o successor_n in_o time_n of_o hostility_n or_o war._n have_v thus_o according_a to_o this_o model_n order_v the_o agrarian_a law_n for_o the_o division_n and_o settlement_n of_o land_n he_o resolve_v to_o govern_v his_o subject_n we_o have_v it_o from_o gervase_n of_o tilbury_n by_o law_n and_o ordinance_n in_o writing_n 32._o to_o which_o purpose_n he_o propose_v also_o the_o english_a law_n according_a to_o their_o tripartite_a or_o threefold_a distinction_n that_o be_v to_o say_v merchenlage_n danlage_n and_o westsaxenlage_n merchenlage_n that_o be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o mercian_n which_o be_v in_o force_n in_o the_o county_n of_o gloucester_n worcester_n hereford_n warwick_z oxford_n chester_n salop_n and_o stafford_n danlage_n that_o be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o dane_n which_o bear_v sway_n in_o yorkshire_n derby_n nottingham_n leicester_n lincoln_n northampton_n bedford_n buckingham_z hertford_n essex_n middlesex_n norfolk_n suffolk_z cambridge_n huntingdon_n westsaxenlage_n that_o be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n to_o which_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o thirty_o two_o county_n which_o be_v all_o that_o malmesbury_n reckon_v up_o in_o ethelred_n time_n do_v belong_v to_o wit_n kent_n sussex_n surrey_n berks_n southampton_n winton_n somerset_n dorset_z and_o devon_n some_o of_o these_o english_a law_n he_o dislike_v and_o lay_v aside_o other_o he_o approve_v 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then_o do_v it_o follow_v that_o
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eilward_n a_o poor_a mean_a fellow_n of_o kingsweston_n in_o berkshire_n who_o be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o condemn_v of_o theft_n he_o have_v it_o seem_v steal_v a_o pair_n of_o country_n glove_n and_o a_o whetstone_n be_v punish_v by_o lose_v his_o eye_n and_o privity_n who_o come_v with_o devotion_n to_o s._n thomas_n his_o tomb_n get_v a_o entire_a restitution_n of_o his_o disappear_a member_n and_o faculty_n and_o be_v as_o good_a a_o man_n as_o ever_o he_o be_v perchance_o in_o this_o he_o be_v no_o witness_n of_o infallible_a credit_n let_v the_o story_n of_o iphis_n and_o janthis_n and_o that_o of_o ceneus_n try_v mastery_n with_o this_o for_o the_o wherstone_n to_o our_o purpose_n the_o writer_n be_v trusty_a enough_o but_o in_o the_o first_o time_n of_o the_o norman_n i_o perceive_v that_o the_o halter_n be_v the_o ill_a consequence_n of_o theft_n let_v it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o abbot_n of_o that_o church_n if_o he_o chance_v to_o come_v 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of_o malmesbury_n apply_v the_o measure_n of_o his_o arm_n and_o propose_v that_o to_o all_o people_n over_o england_n 34._o he_o give_v order_n to_o the_o courtier_n in_o whatsoever_o city_n or_o village_n he_o be_v how_o much_o they_o be_v to_o take_v of_o the_o country_n people_n gratis_o and_o at_o what_o price_n to_o buy_v thing_n punish_v offender_n herein_o either_o with_o a_o great_a fine_a of_o money_n or_o with_o loss_n of_o life_n chap._n viii_o the_o regality_n claim_v by_o the_o pope_n but_o within_o a_o while_n resume_v by_o the_o king_n the_o coverfeu_n dispense_v with_o a_o subsidy_n for_o marry_v the_o king_n daughter_n the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n concern_v shipwreck_n a_o tax_n levy_v to_o raise_v and_o carry_v on_o a_o war._n 35._o anselm_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n labour_v earnest_o with_o the_o pope_n and_o his_o party_n and_o at_o length_n obtain_v it_o with_o much_o ado_n that_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o you_o have_v it_o in_o florilegus_n after_o 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of_o the_o norman_n more_o ancient_a than_o king_n henry_n where_o that_o threefold_a tribute_n be_v explain_v by_o the_o name_n of_o aid_n which_o the_o patent_n grant_v by_o king_n john_n in_o favour_n of_o public_a liberty_n mention_n in_o these_o word_n i_o will_v impose_v no_o escuage_z or_o aid_n in_o our_o realm_n but_o by_o the_o common_a advice_n of_o our_o realm_n unless_o it_o be_v to_o ransom_v our_o body_n and_o to_o make_v our_o first-born_a son_n a_o soldier_n or_o knight_n and_o to_o marry_v our_o elder_a daughter_n once_o 38._o some_o ascribe_v that_o law_n to_o henry_n etc._n which_o lawyer_n call_v the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n whereby_o a_o man_n have_v have_v a_o child_n by_o his_o wife_n when_o she_o die_v enjoy_v her_o estate_n for_o his_o life_n 39_o he_o make_v a_o law_n that_o poor_a shipwrack_a person_n shall_v have_v their_o good_n
restore_v to_o they_o if_o there_o be_v any_o live_a creature_n on_o shipboard_n that_o escape_v drown_v 4._o forasmuch_o as_o before_o that_o time_n whatsoever_o through_o the_o misfortune_n of_o shipwreck_n be_v cast_v on_o shoar_n be_v adjudge_v to_o the_o exchequer_n except_o that_o the_o person_n who_o suffer_v shipwreck_n and_o have_v escape_v alive_a do_v themselves_o within_o such_o a_o time_n refit_n and_o repair_v the_o vessel_n so_o the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o s._n martin_n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la this_o right_n be_v call_v wreck_n or_o if_o you_o will_v uareck_fw-ge of_o the_o sea_n how_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n i_o trouble_v not_o myself_o to_o inquire_v that_o more_o ancient_a custom_n be_v as_o it_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o norman_a usage_n now_o at_o this_o time_n our_o lawyer_n and_o that_o the_o more_o modern_a law_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o pass_v judgement_n according_a to_o the_o more_o correct_a copy_n of_o king_n henry_n 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no_o dance_n at_o wedding_n so_o except_o arm_n be_v put_v aside_o there_o be_v no_o plead_n of_o law_n that_o antipathy_n betwixt_o arm_n and_o law_n england_n be_v all_o over_o sensible_a of_o if_o ever_o at_o any_o time_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n stephen_n count_n of_o blois_n king_n henry_n nephew_n by_o his_o sister_n adela_n for_o he_o do_v not_o only_o break_v the_o law_n and_o his_o oath_n too_o to_o get_v a_o kingdom_n but_o also_o be_v salute_v king_n by_o those_o who_o perfidious_o oppose_a maud_n the_o right_a and_o true_a heir_n of_o king_n henry_n he_o reign_v with_o a_o improve_a wickedness_n for_o he_o do_v so_o strange_o and_o odd_o chap_v and_o change_v every_o thing_n it_o be_v malmsbury_n speak_v it_o as_o if_o he_o have_v swear_v only_o for_o this_o intent_n that_o he_o may_v show_v himself_o to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n a_o dodger_n and_o shammer_n of_o his_o oath_n but_o as_o he_o say_v perjuros_fw-la merito_fw-la perjuria_fw-la fallunt_fw-la 1._o that_o be_v such_o man_n as_o perjury_n do_v make_v their_o trade_n by_o their_o own_o perjury_n most_o just_o be_v betray_v they_o be_v thing_n of_o custom_n to_o which_o he_o swear_v and_o such_o as_o whereby_o former_a privilege_n be_v ratify_v rather_o than_o new_a one_o grant_v however_o some_o thing_n there_o be_v that_o may_v be_v worth_a the_o transcribe_v 41._o castle_n be_v frequent_o raise_v be_v nubrigensis_n relate_v it_o in_o the_o several_a county_n by_o the_o bandy_n of_o party_n and_o there_o be_v in_o england_n in_o a_o manner_n as_o many_o king_n or_o rather_o as_o many_o tyrant_n as_o lord_n of_o castle_n have_v several_o the_o stamp_v of_o their_o own_o coin_n and_o a_o power_n of_o give_v law_n to_o the_o subject_n after_o a_o royal_a manner_n then_o be_v the_o kingdom_n plain_o tear_v to_o piece_n and_o the_o right_n of_o majesty_n shatter_v which_o gain_v to_o itself_o not_o the_o least_o lustre_n from_o stamp_v of_o money_n though_o i_o know_v very_o well_o 14._o that_o 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d'angleterre_fw-fr n'_fw-fr estoit_fw-fr devant_fw-fr ces_fw-fr heures_fw-fr n'y_fw-fr à_fw-fr l'_fw-fr intent_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr dit_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr &_o signior_n the_o parliament_n unque_fw-la ne_fw-la serra_fw-mi rule_n ne_o gouverne_n per_fw-la la_fw-fr loy_n civil_a that_o be_v inasmuch_o as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v not_o before_o this_o time_n nor_o in_o the_o intention_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o parliament_n ever_o shall_v be_v rule_v or_o govern_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o hereupon_o the_o person_n implead_v be_v sentence_v to_o be_v banish_v but_o here_o be_v a_o end_n of_o stephen_n he_o fair_o die_v chap._n x._o in_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o time_n the_o castle_n demolish_v a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o clarendon_n of_o
out_o of_o the_o grant_v of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n to_o the_o abbot_n of_o westminster_n which_o i_o be_o behold_v to_o mr._n lambard_n for_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o these_o word_n be_v set_v down_o i_o syward_a public_a notary_n instead_o of_o rembald_n the_o king_n majesty_n chancellor_n have_v write_v and_o subscribe_v this_o paper_n but_o also_o out_o of_o ingulph_n who_o make_v mention_n of_o turketulus_n some_o while_n after_o that_o abbot_n of_o crowland_n chancellor_n of_o king_n edred_n by_o who_o decree_n and_o counsel_n be_v to_o be_v handle_v &_o treat_v whatsoever_o business_n they_o be_v temporal_a or_o spiritual_a that_o do_v await_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n and_o be_v thus_o treat_v of_o by_o he_o eliz._n may_v irrefragable_o stand_v good_a and_o francis_n thinn_n that_o learned_a antiquary_n have_v reckon_v up_o several_a who_o have_v discharge_v this_o office_n as_o turketill_o to_o king_n ethelbald_n swithin_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n to_o king_n egbert_n vlfin_n to_o king_n athelstan_n adulph_n to_o king_n edgar_n alsy_n abbot_n and_o prelate_n of_o ely_n to_o king_n ethelred_n concern_v which_o office_n and_o the_o seal_n which_o the_o chancellor_n in_o old_a time_n have_v the_o keep_n of_o i_o have_v rather_o you_o will_v consult_v with_o camden_n tribunal_n or_o seat_n of_o justice_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o john_n budden_n at_o wainfleet_n doctor_n of_o law_n have_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o archive_v into_o his_o palingenesia_n than_o seek_v they_o at_o my_o hand_n as_o for_o treasurer_n vita_fw-la dunstan_n be_v so_o to_o king_n edred_n and_o hugolin_n to_o the_o confessor_n but_o that_o five_o title_n of_o alderman_n of_o england_n be_v a_o unusual_a one_o yet_o if_o i_o do_v mistake_v myself_o he_o be_v the_o chief_a precedent_n in_o trial_n at_o law_n and_o a_o officer_n to_o keep_v all_o quiet_a at_o home_n the_o same_o as_o now_o perhaps_o be_v common_o call_v the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n this_o remarkable_a name_n i_o do_v not_o meet_v with_o neither_o in_o the_o monkish_a chronologer_n which_o be_v to_o be_v have_v at_o the_o shop_n camden_n nor_o in_o the_o record_n of_o our_o law_n but_o a_o private_a history_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o ramsey_n in_o huntingdon-shire_n have_v give_v we_o notice_n of_o one_o ailwin_n tomb_n with_o this_o inscription_n hic_fw-la requiescit_fw-la ailwinus_n incliti_fw-la regis_fw-la eadgari_fw-la cognatus_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la aldermannus_n et_fw-la huius_fw-la sacri_fw-la coenobii_fw-la miraculosus_fw-la fundator_fw-la that_o be_v here_o rest_v ailwin_n kinsman_n of_o the_o renown_a king_n edgar_n alderman_n of_o all_o england_n and_o the_o miraculous_a founder_n of_o this_o sacred_a monastery_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o great_a authority_n and_o favour_n which_o he_o have_v with_o the_o king_n by_o a_o nick_n name_n they_o call_v he_o healfkon_v i._n e._n half-king_n now_o h●nry_n of_o huntingdon_n say_v 6._o that_o tostius_fw-la earl_n or_o to_o use_v his_o phrase_n consul_n of_o northumberland_n and_o harald_n son_n of_o godwin_n earl_n of_o kent_n be_v justice_n of_o the_o realm_n alderman_n may_v apt_o be_v term_v by_o the_o word_n senator_n those_o judge_n do_v exercise_v a_o delegated_a power_n throughout_o the_o province_n call_v county_n or_o shire_n and_o the_o grave_n and_o under-delegated_n power_n from_o they_o the_o word_n be_v as_o much_o as_o governor_n and_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o in_o high_a dutch_a grave_n in_o landgrave_n burgrave_n palsgrave_n etc._n etc._n and_o what_o among_o some_o of_o our_o own_o people_n reev_n we_o shall_v call_v they_o both_o as_o that_o age_n do_v in_o a_o latin_a term_n the_o one_o comites_fw-la i._n e._n count_n or_o earl_n the_o other_o vicecomite_n that_o be_v viscount_n or_o sheriff_n the_o name_n of_o count_n be_v every_o where_o meet_v with_o among_o the_o most_o ancient_a of_o the_o monk_n which_o yet_o do_v very_o often_o pass_v into_o that_o of_o duke_n in_o the_o subscription_n of_o witness_n and_o in_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o chertsey_n abbey_n in_o surrey_n camden_n frithwald_n style_v himself_o subregulus_fw-la i.e._n a_o under_o kingle_v or_o petty_a viceroy_n to_o wulpher_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n make_v no_o question_n of_o it_o he_o mean_v he_o be_v a_o count_n a_o viscount_n and_o a_o vice-lord_n be_v more_o than_o very_o like_a they_o be_v the_o very_a same_o ingulph_n say_v it_o above_o and_o in_o the_o last_o hand-writing_n of_o king_n edred_n we_o have_v ay_o bingulph_n vice-lord_n advise_v it_o i_o alfer_v viscount_n hear_v it_o these_o count_n and_o viscount_n or_o earl_n and_o sheriff_n have_v in_o their_o county_n their_o several_a court_n both_o for_o private_a and_o for_o public_a matter_n for_o private_a affair_n they_o have_v every_o month_n a_o meet_v call_v the_o county_n court_n let_v every_o grave_a 17._o as_o we_o have_v it_o in_o edward_n the_o elder_n be_v law_n every_o four_o week_n convene_v and_o meet_v the_o people_n in_o assembly_n let_v he_o do_v equal_a right_n to_o every_o one_o and_o determine_v and_o put_v a_o end_n to_o all_o suit_n and_o quarrel_n 11._o when_o the_o appoint_a day_n shall_v come_v for_o public_a business_n king_n edgar_n order_v the_o court_n of_o inquest_n or_o inquiry_n call_v turn_v le_fw-fr uiscount_n let_v a_o convention_n or_o meeting_n be_v hold_v twice_o every_o year_n out_o of_o every_o county_n at_o which_o let_v the_o bishop_n of_o that_o diocese_n and_o the_o senator_n i._n e._n the_o alderman_n be_v present_a the_o one_o to_o teach_v the_o people_n the_o law_n of_o god_n the_o other_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n what_o i_o have_v set_v down_o in_o william_n the_o first_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o this_o second_o book_n you_o ought_v to_o consider_v of_o here_o again_o in_o this_o place_n the_o inhabitant_n do_v not_o meet_v at_o this_o court_n of_o inquest_n at_o any_o season_n promiscuous_o and_o indifferent_o but_o as_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v by_o the_o use_n and_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o the_o realm_n within_o a_o month_n either_o after_o easter_n or_o after_o michaelmas_n in_o which_o court_n see_v that_o not_o only_o the_o count_n as_o now_o a_o day_n the_o viscount_n or_o sheriff_n do_v but_o also_o the_o bishop_n do_v preside_v it_o do_v not_o at_o all_o seem_v difficult_a to_o trace_v the_o very_a original_n of_o this_o temporary_a law_n 20._o that_o peradventure_o be_v the_o synod_n of_o antioch_n hold_v in_o pope_n julius_n the_o first_o be_v time_n and_o acknowledge_v in_o the_o six_o general_n council_n hold_v at_o constantinople_n 4._o in_o this_o latter_a there_o be_v express_o and_o plain_o two_o council_n or_o meeting_n of_o the_o bishop_n to_o be_v keep_v every_o year_n within_o three_o week_n after_o easter_n and_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o october_n if_o there_o be_v any_o small_a difference_n in_o the_o time_n it_o can_v be_v no_o great_a matter_n of_o mistake_n you_o may_v help_v yourself_o to_o more_o other_o thing_n of_o mean_a note_n out_o of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o about_o hundred_o bourghs_n and_o the_o like_a and_o this_o may_v serve_v in_o brief_a for_o the_o saxon_n who_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o care_n of_o their_o law_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o norman_a earl_n their_o fee_n their_o power_n of_o make_v law_n of_o the_o baron_n i.e._n lord_n of_o manor_n of_o the_o courtbaron_n it_o be_v rise_n a_o instance_n of_o it_o out_o of_o hoveden_n other_o office_n much_o alike_o with_o the_o saxon_n i_o shall_v be_v brief_a concern_v the_o norman_n i_o mean_v their_o earl_n and_o baron_n their_o count_n or_o earl_n before_o the_o conquest_n except_o those_o of_o leicester_n and_o perchance_o some_o other_o be_v but_o officer_n and_o not_o as_o yet_o hereditary_a when_o william_n bear_v the_o sway_n they_o begin_v to_o have_v a_o certain_a fee_n and_o a_o descent_n of_o patrimony_n have_v together_o with_o their_o title_n assign_v to_o they_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o revenue_n or_o rent_n which_o do_v arise_v out_o of_o the_o whole_a county_n to_o the_o exchequer_n this_o custom_n be_v clear_a enough_o in_o gervase_n of_o tilbury_n in_o the_o case_n of_o richard_n de_fw-fr red●eriis_fw-la make_v earl_n of_o devonshire_n by_o henry_n the_o first_o &_o jeoffrey_n de_fw-fr magna_fw-la villa_n make_v earl_n of_o essex_n by_o maud_n the_o empress_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o saxon_a earl_n have_v the_o selfsame_a right_n of_o share_v with_o the_o king_n so_o in_o doomsday_n book_n we_o find_v it_o the_o queen_n edeva_n have_v two_o part_n from_o ipswich_n in_o suffolk_n and_o the_o earl_n or_o count_n guert_n the_o three_o and_o so_o of_o norwich_n that_o it_o pay_v twenty_o pound_n to_o the_o king_n and_o to_o the_o earl_n ten_o pound_n so_o of_o the_o revenue_n
for_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o gate_n the_o porter_n who_o give_v admission_n to_o stranger_n in_o a_o different_a character_n according_o in_o the_o latin_a the_o author_n citation_n be_v print_v in_o italic_a which_o because_o they_o be_v so_o frequent_a i_o think_v fit_a rather_o to_o notify_v by_o a_o distinction_n as_o usual_a in_o the_o margin_n thus_o intercidona_n pilumnus_n &_o deverra_n these_o be_v heathen_a deity_n to_o who_o they_o attribute_v the_o care_n of_o their_o child_n who_o else_o they_o think_v silvanus_n might_n like_o oberon_n king_n of_o the_o fairy_n surprise_v or_o do_v some_o other_o mischief_n to_o in_o the_o first_o book_n chap._n 1._o pag._n 2._o lin_v 23._o among_o the_o celts_n and_o gaul_n who_o be_v reckon_v for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o people_n as_o for_o instance_n those_o gaul_n who_o remove_v into_o the_o lesser_a asia_n mix_v with_o the_o greek_n be_v call_v gallograeci_a but_o by_o the_o greek_n be_v style_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d whence_o by_o contraction_n i_o suppose_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 41._o bellagines_n that_o be_v by-law_n from_o by_o that_o be_v a_o village_n town_n or_o city_n and_o lagen_n which_o in_o gothish_n be_v a_o law_n so_o that_o it_o signify_v such_o law_n as_o corporation_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o scot_n call_v they_o burlaw_n that_o be_v borough-law_n so_o that_o bellagines_n be_v put_v for_o bil●gines_n or_o burlagines_n this_o kind_n of_o law_n obtain_v in_o court_n leet_n and_o court_n baron_n and_o in_o other_o occasion_n where_o the_o people_n of_o the_o place_n make_v their_o own_o law_n chap._n ii_o pag._n 4._o l._n 7._o adrastia_n rhamnusia_n &_o nemesis_n which_o be_v all_o but_o nemesis_n the_o goddess_n of_o revenge_n call_v adrastria_n from_o king_n adrastus_n who_o first_o build_v she_o a_o temple_n and_o rhamnusia_n from_o rhamnus_n a_o village_n in_o the_o athenian_a territory_n where_o she_o be_v worship_v l._n 42._o elohim_n that_o be_v go_n and_o so_o judge_n be_v proper_o call_v according_a to_o the_o original_a notation_n of_o the_o word_n who_o root_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ala●_n though_o in_o hebrew_n it_o signify_v to_o curse_v yet_o in_o the_o arabic_a language_n a_o descendent_a of_o the_o hebrew_n it_o betoken_v to_o judge_v thus_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o psalm_n god_n stand_v in_o the_o congregation_n of_o the_o god_n and_o i_o have_v say_v you_o be_v god_n etc._n etc._n l._n 45._o it_o subjoin_v to_o it_o the_o name_n of_o god_n to_o wit_n that_o name_n of_o his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d el_fw-es which_o signify_v a_o mighty_a god_n in_o this_o sense_n the_o cedar_n of_o god_n ar●_n lofty_a stately_a cedar_n and_o by_o moses_n his_o be_v fair_a to_o god_n be_v mean_v that_o he_o be_v exceed_v fair_a pag._n 5._o lin_v 18._o not_o only_o berecynthia_n but_o also_o juno_n cybele_n why_o cybele_n be_v the_o very_a same_o goddess_n who_o be_v call_v berecynthia_n from_o berecynthus_n a_o hill_n of_o phrygia_n as_o also_o cybelus_n be_v another_o where_o she_o be_v worship_v and_o she_o have_v several_a such_o name_n give_v she_o from_o the_o place_n of_o her_o worship_n as_o dindymene_n pessinuntia_n idaea_n phrygia_n this_o than_o be_v a_o slip_n of_o our_o worthy_a author_n memory_n or_o his_o haste_n chap._n iii_o pag._n 5._o lin_v 34._o not_o by_o the_o number_n of_o day_n but_o of_o night_n thus_o in_o our_o common_a reckon_n we_o say_v a_o seven-night_n that_o be_v seven_o night_n septinoctium_fw-la for_o what_o in_o latin_a they_o say_v septimana_fw-la seven_o morning_n and_o a_o fortnight_n that_o be_v fourteen_o night_n again_o for_o sunday_n and_o holiday_n the_o evening_n which_o conclude_v the_o foregoing_a day_n be_v say_v to_o be_v their_o eve_n that_o be_v evening_n and_o the_o grecian_n agree_v with_o we_o in_o set_v the_o night_n before_o the_o day_n in_o that_o they_o call_v the_o natural_a day_n which_o be_v the_o space_n of_o twenty_o four_o hour_n comprehend_v day_n and_o night_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d night-day_n not_o day-night_n chap._n iu._n pag._n 6._o lin_v 22._o king_n phranicus_fw-la it_o be_v so_o ordinary_a a_o matter_n for_o historian_n when_o they_o treat_v of_o thing_n at_o great_a distance_n of_o time_n to_o devise_v fable_n of_o their_o own_o or_o take_v they_o up_o from_o other_o that_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o this_o phranicus_n be_v design_v to_o give_v name_n to_o france_n whereas_o it_o be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o frank_n who_o come_v to_o plant_v there_o out_o of_o franconia_n a_o country_n of_o germany_n call_v east-france_n l._n 29._o with_o corinus_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o his_o company_n from_o who_o cornwall_n have_v its_o name_n former_o call_v in_o latin_a corinia_n or_o cornavia_n say_v some_o now_o cornubia_n and_o possible_o if_o that_o be_v so_o corinium_n also_o or_o cirencester_n a_o town_n in_o glocestershire_n and_o corinus_n too_o the_o river_n churn_n that_o run_v by_o it_o own_o their_o appellation_n to_o the_o same_o noble_a person_n l._n 31._o new_a troy_n that_o be_v london_n call_v also_o troynovant_n and_o the_o people_n about_o it_o call_v trinobantes_n or_o trinovantes_n from_o who_o also_o the_o city_n itself_o be_v style_v augusta_n trinobantum_n that_o be_v the_o royal_a seat_n of_o the_o new_a trojan_n l._n 40._o king_n belin._n who_o give_v name_n to_o billingsgate_n that_o be_v belin_n gate_n as_o king_n lud_n to_o ludgate_n pag._n 8._o lin_v 39_o eumerus_n messenius_n some_o such_o fabulous_a writer_n as_o our_o sir_n john_n mandevil_n who_o tell_v we_o of_o people_n and_o country_n that_o be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o world_n chap._n vi_o pag._n 9_o lin_v 19_o in_o the_o time_n of_o brennus_n and_o belinus_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v general_n of_o the_o gaul_n who_o be_v call_v senones_n and_o go_v into_o italy_n with_o they_o sack_v rome_n there_o he_o build_v the_o city_n verona_n call_v by_o his_o name_n brennona_n as_o he_o have_v do_v brennoburgum_fw-la now_o brandenburg_n in_o germany_n from_o his_o prowess_n and_o fame_a exploit_n it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o britan_n or_o welsh_n do_v to_o this_o day_n call_v a_o king_n brennin_n of_o the_o other_o viz._n belinus_n some_o mention_n have_v be_v make_v already_o chap._n vii_o pag._n 10._o lin_v 24._o locrine_n camber_n and_o albanactus_n from_o the_o first_o of_o these_o three_o brethren_n to_o wit_n locrine_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o welsh_a call_n england_n lboegr_n that_o fall_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n share_v from_o the_o second_o camber_n that_o a_o welshman_n be_v name_v cumra_n and_o the_o country_n cambria_n and_o from_o the_o three_o albanactus_n that_o scotland_n or_o at_o least_o good_a part_n of_o it_o retain_v the_o term_n of_o albania_n a_o title_n still_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o britain_n second_o brother_n the_o duke_n of_o york_n though_o for_o my_o part_n for_o this_o last_o name_n of_o albanactus_n i_o be_o somewhat_o of_o opinion_n that_o it_o may_v be_v devise_v by_o some_o smattering_n monk_n purposely_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o trojan_a story_n as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v in_o a_o mongrel_n word_n albae_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d king_n of_o alba_n a_o city_n of_o italy_n build_v by_o one_o of_o aeneas_n his_o son_n l._n 29._o gavelkind_n from_o the_o saxon_a gafel_v or_o gafol_v a_o debt_n or_o tribute_n and_o tyn_a or_o kind_a the_o kindred_n or_o child_n or_o as_o mr._n lambard_n give_v eal_n tyn_a i._n e._n give_v to_o all_o who_o be_v next_o of_o kin_n or_o as_o vorstegan_n give_v all_o kind_n i._n e._n give_v to_o each_o child_n his_o part_n a_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o saxon_n whereby_o the_o father_n estate_n be_v equal_o divide_v among_o his_o son_n as_o it_o be_v still_o among_o the_o daughter_n if_o there_o be_v no_o son_n it_o obtain_v still_o in_o several_a place_n especial_o in_o kent_n by_o the_o concession_n of_o the_o conqueror_n pag._n 11._o lin_v 22._o the_o law_n of_o second_o venus_n not_o have_v plato_n by_o i_o nor_o any_o other_o mean_v to_o inform_v myself_o better_a i_o imagine_v that_o by_o the_o first_o venus_n they_o mean_v the_o force_n of_o lust_n and_o beauty_n which_o do_v so_o natural_o incline_v people_n to_o a_o desire_n of_o union_n and_o copulation_n and_o by_o the_o second_o venus_n consequent_o be_v intend_v that_o prudential_a reason_n by_o which_o man_n according_a to_o wholesome_a and_o equal_a law_n easy_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v gather_v into_o society_n and_o to_o comply_v with_o one_o another_o in_o mutual_a endearment_n p._n 12._o lin_v 12._o jupiter_n register_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o greek_a proverb_n be_v the_o skin_n of_o that_o goat_n which_o nurse_v he_o in_o his_o childhood_n of_o