Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	king_n	lord_n	normandy_n	2,598	5	10.9032	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A32749	The works of our ancient, learned, & excellent English poet, Jeffrey Chaucer as they have lately been compar'd with the best manuscripts, and several things added, never before in print : to which is adjoyn'd The story of the siege of Thebes, by John Lidgate ... : together with The life of Chaucer, shewing his countrey, parentage, education, marriage, children, revenues, service, reward, friends, books, death : also a table, wherein the old and obscure words in Chaucer are explained, and such words ... that either are, by nature or derivation, Arabick, Greek, Latine, Italian, French, Dutch, or Saxon, mark'd with particular notes for the better understanding of their original.; Works. 1687	Chaucer, Geoffrey, d. 1400.; Speght, Thomas, fl. 1600.; Lydgate, John, 1370?-1451? Siege of Thebes.	1687 (1687)	Wing C3736; ESTC R3920	1,295,535	731

Combibit arcanos vatum omnis turba furores And that we may conclude his Praises with the Testimony of the worthiest Gentleman that the Court hath afforded in many Years Sir Philip Sidney in his Apology for Poetry saith thus of him Chaucer undoubtedly did excellently in his Troilus and Creiseid of whom truly I know not whether to marvel more either that he in that misty time could see so clearly or that we in this clear Age walk so stumblingly after him Seeing therefore that both old and new Writers have carried this reverend Conceit of our Poet and openly declared the same by Writing let us conclude with Horace in the eighth Ode of his fourth Book Dignum laude virum musa vetat mori ADVERTISEMENT TO THE READER HAving for some Years last past been greatly sollicited by many Learned and Worthy Gentlemen to Re-print the Works of this Ancient Poet I have now not only to answer their Desire but I hope to their full Satisfaction perform'd the Obligation long since laid upon me and sent Chaucer abroad into the World again in his old dress and under the Protection of his own Merits without any new Preface or Letters Commendatory it being the Opinion of those Learned Persons that his own Works are his best Encomium Whereas in the Life of Chaucer mention is made of a Tale call'd the Pilgrims Tale which is there said to have been seen in the Library of Mr. Stow and promis'd to be printed so soon as opportunity should offer I have for the procuring of it used all Diligence imaginable not only in searching the publick Libraries of both Universities but also all private Libraries that I could have Access unto but having no Success therein I beg you will please to accept my earnest Endeavour to have serv'd you and take what is here printed it being all that at present can be found that was Chaucer's J. H. THE Works of Ieffrey Chaucer With Additions Also the Siege and Destruction of the worthy City of Thebes Compiled by John Lidgate Monk of BVRY Virtue flourisheth in Chaucer still Though Death of him hath wrought his will To the KING's HIGHNESS My most Gracious Soveraign Lord HENRY the Eighth By the Grace of God King of England and of France Defensor of the Faith and Lord of Ireland c. AMongs all other excellencies most Gracious Soveraigne Lord wherewith Almighty God hath endowed mankind above the residue of earthly creatures as an outward declaration of reason or reasonableness wherein consisteth the similitude of Man unto Angels and the difference between the same and brute beasts I verayly suppose that Speech or Language is not to be reputed amongs the smallest or inferiours for thereby is expressed the conceit of one to another in open and plaine Sentence which in the residue of lively creatures lacketh and is not shewed amongs them but by certain covert and derke signes and that in few things having course and operation onely of nature This Speech or Language after the confusion of Tongues sent by Gods punishment for pride and arrogancy of people hath been by a certaine instinct and disposition natural devised and invented in sundry parts of the world as fellowships or companyings of folks one with another chaunced much to the outward expressing of the thing in word or sound according to that whereof it had meaning or signification But in processe of time by diligence or pollicy of people after divers formes figures and impressions in mettall barks of trees and other matter used for memory and knowledge of things then present or passed sundry letters or carectes were first amongs the Phenices devised and found with such knittings and joynings of one to another by a marvellous subtilty and craft as counterveiled was and is equivalent to the same Languages So as the conceit of mans mind which at the beginning was used to be declared by mouth only came to such point that it was as sensibly and vively expressed in writing Hereupon ensued a great occasion courage unto them that should write to compone and adorne the rudeness and barbariety of speech and to forme it to an eloquent and ordinate perfection whereunto many and many great Poets and Orators have highly employed their studies and courages leaving thereby notable Renoume of themselves and example perpetual to their posterity Amongs other the Greeks in all kinds of sciences seemed so to prevail and so to ornate their Tongue as yet by other of right noble Languages cannot be perfitely imitated or followed The Latines by example of the Greeks have gotten or wonne to them no small glory in the forming order and uttering of that Tongue Out of the which two if it be well searched that is to say Greeke and Latin though by corruption of speech it should seeme much otherwise have been derived the residue of the Languages that be written with the letters of carectes of either of them both But of all Speeches those which most approch to the Latin be the Italian and Spanish Tongues of whom the one by corruption of the Gothes and Longobardes had her beginning as Latin spoken by strangers of a barbare understanding the other being also Latin was by Vandales Gothes Moores Sarracenes and other so many times blemished as marveile it is to see now unto what perfection these two formed out of the Latin and Barbares speeches be reduced Next unto them in similitude to the Latin is the French tongue which by diligence of people of the same is in few years passed so amended as well in Pronunciation as in Writing that an Englishman by a small time exercised in that Tongue hath not lacked ground to make a Grammere or rule ordinary thereof Though of trouth which some shall scarcely believe the Germans have so formed the order of their Language that in the same is both as much plenty and as nere concordaunce to the phrase of the Latin as the French Tongue hath And veraily like as all these and the rest have been thus vigilant and studious to meliorate or amend their Languages so hath there not lacked amongs us Englishmen which have right well and notably endeavored and emploied themselves to the beautifying and bettering of the English Tongue Amongs whom most excellent Prince my most redoubted and gracious soveraign lord I your most humble Vassale Subject Servaunt William Thynn chief Clerke of your Kitchin mooved by a certain inclination and zeal which I have to hear of any thing sounding to the laud and honour of this your noble Realm have taken great delectation as the times and leisers might suffer to rede and heare the books of that noble famous Clerke Geffrey Chaucer in whose workes is so manifest comprobation of his excellent learning in all kindes of doctrines and sciences such fruitfulness in words well according to the matter and purpose to sweet pleasaunt sentences such perfection in metre the composition so adapted such freshness of invention compendiousnesse in

a Writer in Astronomy as of the Conjunction of the Planets c. Alanus among other things wrote a Book De Planctu Naturae B. Bocatius born at Florence in Italy set out many things in his own Tongue claruit 1375. Bernardus de Gordonio a Frenchman born Reader of Physick at Mount Pelier Bernardus Abbas Clarevallensis a Burgonian and a singular Divine set forth many things 1140. Basilius Magnus Bishop of Caesarea 367. C. Cato a learned man among the Romans before the Incarnation 182. Corinna a Theban Woman and a Lyrike Poet she wrote 50 Books and Epigrams as Suidas and Pausanias report Claudianus born in Alexandria in Egypt among many things wrote a Book of the stealing away of Proserpina Crisippus did write a Book against the pleasure of the Body Constantine the Monk did translate and write many things in Physick and among other Lib. de coitu quibus modis augeatur diminuatur D. Dante 's Aligeras an Italian and born in Florence lived 1341. Dares Phrigius did write the Trojan War in Greek where he himself was a Souldier Ditis Historicus did write a Book of the Trojan War found in a certain Sepulchre Damascenus Presbiter did write many things in the Greek Tongue Dioscorides a worshipful Knight of Egypt wrote in Greek of the natures of divers Herbs He lived under Cleopatra and Antonius E. Aesculapius did write a Book of the original cause and descriptions of Diseases F. Franciscus Petrarcha an Italian born did write when Chaucer was a young man floruit 1374. G. Gatisden and Gilbertin Englishmen born and writers in Physick Guido de Columna a Sicilian did write of the Trojan War 1287. Galfride Vinesause was a Norman by his Parents but born in England he did write in his Book entituled de artificio loquendi by way of Example of Mourning under the Rhetorical figure of Apostrophe a complaint for the Death of Richard the First who was slain with an Arrow at the Siege of the Castle of Chalne in Normandy and lived in the time of King John An. Dom. 1210 Galenus a most singular Physician did write a multitude of Books 160. Gregorius Magnus did write much in Divinity claruit An. 369. Galfridus Monumethensis an Englishman born translated into our Tongue the History of England floruit 1152. H. Homerus the chiefest of all Poets wrote in the Greek Tongue two works the one called his Ilias and the other his Odyssea Helowis Maximinian Livian Aurora Zansis and divers others alledged by Chaucer have none or few of their works extant Haly wrote a Book of the Compositions of Medicines Hieronimus Stridonensis did write among other things a defence of Virginity in two Books against Jovinian Hippocrates Cous a most ancient Physician and Prince of all others lived in the days of Artaxerxes Hermes an Egyptian Disciple to Plato did write of many strange things I. Josephus wrote in Greek the Battel and Destruction of the Jews He was after the Incarnation seventy six years Johannes Damascenus a Writer in Physick 1158. Innocentius Papa born in Company wrote a Book of the happy state of Mankind Juvenalis a Poet which wrote Satyrs Justinian an Emperour of Rome who caused to be written the Books of the Laws called the Digests Institutions and the Code containing the Decrees of the Emperours He was after the Incarnation five hundred and seventy years L. Lollius an Italian Historiographer born in the City of Vrbine Lucanus a famous Poet that wrote the Battel between Caesar and Pompey M. Macrobius Aurellius wrote a Commentary on Scipio's Dream Marcus Aurelius Cassiodorus a Monk among many things wrote of the state of the Soul Marcianus Capella did write of the Liberal Sciences and also of the marriage of Philologi and Mercury O. Ovidius a famous Latin Poet and Orator advanced to be Senator of Rome He lived when Christ was conversant on Earth P. Petrus Alfonsus a Jew turned to the Faith before called Moses was baptised by King Alphonsus and bare his Name he did write many Books 1100. Pamphilus Presbiter Kinsman to Eusebius after much pains in writing suffered Martyrdom in Caesaria under the Persecution of Maximinus Papinius Statius a Neapolitan wrote of the Destruction of Thebes He lived under Domitian Ptolemeus lived in the Time of Anthony the Emperour he wrote divers works and restored out of Darkness the Mathematical Sciences Pithagoras an excellent Philosopher of Samos at whose Wisdom Plato did wonder He was before the Incarnation 522 years Petrus Cassiodorus an Italian a Noble man and learned did write to the Church of England and perswaded them to cast off their Obedience to the Roman Bishops and to beware of their Tyranny 1302. R. Rasis an Arabian Physician Rufus a Physician of Ephesus in the time of Trajan the Emperour S. Statius a noble Poet which wrote twelve Books of the Theban War Senior Zadith did write a Book of Alchimy Gesner Seneca a Spaniard born in Corduba a singular Philosopher did write many things he lived in the time of Nero by whom he was put to Death Serapion an Arabian did write of the Composition of Medicines Suetonius wrote the Lives of the Roman Emperours Strode a man of great Learning Fellow of Merton Colledge in Oxford 1380. T. Tertullian did write a Book of the attire of Women Titus Livius the most excellent Writer of the Romans History Tho. Bradwarden was Bishop of Canterbury who did write a Book De causa Dei contra Pelagianos and dedicated it to the Society of Merton Colledge in Oxford He did write many other Books one of the Trinity one of Predestination one of all Sciences one of the Principles of Geometry also a book of the Reward of them which shall be saved and another called the Sum of Divinity He flourished in the year of Grace 1270. Trotula set forth a book of the cure of Diseases in and after Childbirth Theophrastus Eresius Disciple to Aristotle writing a great number of Books hath one De frugalitate Tullius a Senator of Rome Father of Eloquence and pure Fountain of the Latin Tongue He flourished about forty years before Christs Incarnation V. Valerius Maximus wrote to Tiberius Caesar a Book of the memorable deeds and sayings of worthy Men. Virgilius the most famous Poet of Mantua whose Life Petrus Crinitus hath set down at large in Lib. 3. de Poetis Latinis Vitellio did write ten books of Perspectives W. William S. Aymour a Frenchman did write a Commentary on the Apocalipse much inveighing against the Pope and was therefore banished and his Books burned ADVERTISEMENT WHilst this Work was just finishing we hapned to meet with a Manuscript wherein we found the Conclusion of the Cook 's Tale and also of the Squires Tale which in the Printed Books are said to be lost or never finish'd by the Author but coming so late to our hands they could not be inserted in their proper places therefore the Reader is desir'd to add them as here directed Immediately after what

foes to vttraunce God would so so would eke your legiaunce To tho two aye pricketh you your dutie Who so nat keepeth this double obseruaunce Of merite and honour naked is he Your stile saieth ye be foes to shame Now kith of your faith the perseuerance In which an heap of us he halt and lame Our christen King of England of France And ye my lords with your alliance And other faithfull people that there be Trust I to God shal quench al this noisance And this land set in high prosperitie Conquest of high prowesse is for to tame The wild woodnesse of all these miscreaunce Right to the rote daily repe ye that same Slepen nat this but for Gods pleasaunce And his mother and in signifiaunce That ye been of Saint Georges liuere Doeth him seruice and knightly obeisaunce For Christs cause is his well knowne ye Stiff stand in that ye shall greeue grame The foe to peace the norice of distaunce That now is earnest turne it into game Now kithe of your beleeve the constaunce Lord liege Lords haue in remembraunce Lord of all is the blisfull Trinitie Of whose vertue the mightie habundaunce You heart and strength in faithfull vnitie Explicit WHen faith fayleth in Priestes sawes And lords hestes are holden for lawes And robberie is holden purchace And letchery is holden sollace Then shall the lond of Albion Be brought to great confusion It falleth for a gentleman To say the best that he can Always in mannes absence And the sooth in his presence It commeth by kind of gentill blood To cast away all heauinesse And gader togither words good The werke of wisdome beareth witnesse The Argument to the Prologues THE Author in these Prologues to his Canterbury Tales doth describe the Reporters thereof for two causes first that the Reader seeing the quality of the Person may judge of his speech accordingly wherein Chaucer hath most excellently kept that decorum which Horace requireth in that behalf Secondly to shew how that even in our Language that may be performed for descriptions which the Greek and Latine Poets in their Tongues have done at large And surely this Poet in the judgment of the best learned is not inferiour to any of them in his descriptions whether they be of Persons Times or Places Under the Pilgrims being a certain number and all of differing Trades he comprehendeth all the People of the Land and the nature and disposition of them in those dayes namely given to devotion rather of custom than of zeal In the Tales is shewed the state of the Church the Court and Countrey with such Art and cunning that although none could deny himself to be touched yet none durst complain that he was wronged For the man being of greater Learning than the most and backed by the best in the Land was rather admired and feared than any way disgraced Whoso shall read these his Works without prejudice shall find that he was a man of rare Conceit and of great Reading WHen that Aprill with his shours sote The drought of March had pierced to the rote And bathed every vaine in suche lycour Of which vertue engendred is the flour When Zephyrus eke with his sote breath Espired hath in every holt and heath The tender croppes and that the yong sonne Hath in the Ram halfe his course yronne And small foules maken melody That slepen all nyght with open eye So priketh hem nature in her courage Then longen folke to goe on pilgrimage And Palmers to seeken straunge strondes To serve hallowes couth in sundry londes And specially fro every shyres end Of England to Canterbury they wend The holy blissful martyr for to seeke That hem hath holpen when they were seeke IT befell that season on a day In Southwarke at the Taberde as I lay Ready to wend in my pilgrimage To Canterbury with devout courage That night was come into that hostelry Well nine and twenty in a company Of sundry folke by aventure yfall In fellowship and pilgrimes were they all That toward Canterbury would ride The chambers and stables weren wide And well weren they eased at the best And shortly when the sunne was at rest So had I spoken with hem everychone That I was of her fellowship anone And made forward early for to rise To take our way there as I you devise But nathelesse while I have time space Or that I ferther in this tale pace Me think it accordaunt to reason To tell you all the condition Of each of hem so as it seemed me And which they were and of what degree And eke in what array that they were in And at a Knight then will I first begin ¶ The Knight 1. A Knight there was and that a worthy man That fro the time that he first began To riden out he loved chivalry Trouth honour freedome and courtesie Full worthy was he in his Lords warre And thereto had he ridden no man so farre As well in Christendome as in Heathenesse And ever had honour for his worthinesse At Alisaundre he was when it was won Full often time he had the bourd begon Aboven all nations in Pruce In Lettowe had he ridden and in Luce No Christen man so oft of his degree In Garnade at the Siege had he be At Algezer and riden in Belmary At Leyes was he and also at Sataly When they were wonne in the great see At many a noble Army had he be At mortal Battels had he been fiftene And foughten for our faith at Tramissene In listes thries and aye slaine his fo This ilke worthy Knight had been also Sometime with the Lord of Palathy Ayenst another Heathen in Turky And evermore he had a soveraigne prise And though he was worthy he was wise And of his sport as meeke as is a Maid He never yet no villany ne said In all his life unto no manner wight He was a very perfite gentil knight For to tell you of his array His horse were good but he was nothing gay Of fustian he weared a gippon All besmottred with his Haubergion For he was late come fro his voyage And went for to done his pilgrimage ¶ The Squire 2. WIth him there was his son a yong squire A lover and a lusty Bachelere With his locks crull as they were laid in presse Of twenty yeare of age he was as I gesse Of his stature he was of even length And wonderly deliver and of great strength And he had be sometime in chivauchy In Flaunders in Artois and Picardy And borne him well as of so little space In hope to stand in his Ladies grace Embrouded was he as it weren a mede All full of fresh floures both white and rede Singing he was or floiting all the day He was fresh as is the moneth of May. Short was his gown with sleves long wide Well coud he sitte on a horse and faire ride He coud songs make and eke well indite Iust and eke

hold thilk grauel as for a while that ayen lightly mowe not it tourn and if the piles ben true the grauel and sand wol abide And certes full warning in loue shalt thou neuer through hem get ne couer that lightly with an ebbe ere thou beware it will ayen meue * In riches many men have had tenes diseases w ch they should not haue had if therof they had failed Through which now declared partly it is shewed that for riches should the knot in heart neither been caused in one ne in other truly knot may been knit and I trow more stedfast in loue though richesse failed and els in richesse is the knot and not in heart And then such a knot is false when the sea ebbeth and withdraweth the grauell that suche richesse voydeth thilke knotte woll vnknit Wherefore no trust no waye no cause no parfite beeing is in richesse of no suche knotte therefore another way must wee haue HOnour in dignity is wened to yeuen ● full knotte Ye certes qd I and of that opinion ben many for they sayne dignity with honour and reuerence causen herts to encheinen and so abled to knit togither for the excellence in souerainty of such degrees Now qd she if dignity honour and reuerence causen thilke knot in heart this knot is good profitable For euery cause of a cause is cause of thing caused Then thus good things profitable ben by dignity honour and reuerence caused Ergo they accorden dignities been good with reuerences and honour but contraries mowen not accorden wherefore by reason there should no dignity no reuerence none honor accord with shrews but that is false They haue beene cause to shrewes in many shreuduesse for wyth hem they accorden Ergo from beginning to argue ayenward till it come to the last conclusion they are not cause of the knot Lo all day at eie arne shrewes not in reuerence in honour in dignity Yes forsooth rather than the good Then followeth it y● shrewes rather than good shul ben cause of this knot But of thys contrary of all louers is beleeue for a soth openly determined to hold Now qd I faine would I heare how such dignities accorden with shrewes O qd she that woll I shewe in manyfolde wise Ye wene qd she that dignities of office here in your City is as the Sunne it shineth bright withouten any cloud whyche thyng when they commen in y● hands of malicious tyraunts there commeth muche harme and more greuaunce thereof than of y● wild fire though it brende all a streete Certes in dignity of office y● werks of y● occupier shewen the mallice and the badnesse in the persone with shrewes they maken manifolde harmes and muche people shamen How often han rancours for mallice of y● gouernour shoulde been maintained Hath not then such dignities caused debate rumours euils Yes God wote by such thynges haue been trusted to make mennes vnderstandyng encline to many queint thyngs Thou wotest wel what I meane Ye qd I therefore as dignity such thyng in tene ywrought so ayenwarde the substaunce in dignity chaunged relyed to bryng ayen good plite in doyng Do waye do waye qd she if it so betide but y● is selde y● such dignity is betake in a good mannes gouernaunce What thing is to recken in y● dignities goodnesse Parde the bounty and goodnesse is hers that vsen it in good gouernaunce therefore commeth it that honour and reuerence should been doen into dignity because of encreasing vertue in y● occupyer and not to the ruler because of soueraignety in dignity Sithen dignity may no vertue cause who is worthy worship for such goodnesse Not dignity but persone that maketh goodnesse in dignity to shine This is woonder thing qd I for me thinketh as the persone in dignity is worthye honour for goodnesse so tho a persone for hadnesse maugre hath deserued yet the dignity le●eth to be commended Let be qd she thou errest ryght foule dignity with hadnesse is helper to performe the fello● us doyng parde were it kindely good or any property of kindely vertue hadden in hemselfe shrewes should hem neuer haue with hem should they neuer accord Water fire that been contrarious mowen not togider been assembled kind woll not suffer such contraries to ioyne And sithen at eye by experience in doing we seen y● shrewes haue hem more often than good men siker mayest thou be that kindely good in such things is not appropred Parde were they kindly good as well one as other shoulden euenlich in vertue of gouernaunce ben worth but one faileth in goodnesse another doth the contrary and so it sheweth kindely goodnesse in dignity not be grounded And this same reason qd she may be made in generall on all y● bodily goods for they commen oft to throw out shrewes After this he is strong y● hath might to haue great burthens he is light and swift that hath soueraignty in ronning to passe other right so he is a shrew on whom shreude thinges and bad han most werching And right as Phylosophy maketh Philosophiers and my seruice maketh louers ryght so if dignities weren good or vertuous they should maken shrewes good and tourne her mallice and make hem be vertuous but that doe they not as it is prooued but causen rancour and debate Ergo they be not good but vtterly bad Had Nero neuer been Emperor should neuer his dame haue be slaine to maken open the priuity of his engendrure Herodes for his dignity slewe manye children The dignity of king Iohn would haue destroyed all England Therefore mokell wisedome goodnesse both needeth in a person the mallice in dignity s●ily to bridle and with a good bitte of areste to withdraw in case it would praunce otherwise than it should truly yee yeue to dignities wrongfull names in your cleping They should hete not dignity but monster of badnesse and mainteiner of shrewes Parde shine the Sunne neuer so bright and it bring forth no heat ne seasonably the hearbes out bring of the yearth but suffer frosts and cold and th earth barraine to ligge by time of his compasse in circuit about ye would wonder and dispreise that Sunne It the Moon be at full and sheweth no light but darke dimme to your sight appereth and make destruction of the waters woll ye not suppose it be vnder cloud or in clips And that some priuy thing vnknown to your wits is cause of such contrarious doing Then if clerks y● han full insight knowing of such impediments enform you of the sooth very ideots ye been but if ye yeuen credence to thilk clerks words And yet it dooth me te●e to seen many wretches rejoycen in such many Planets Truly little con they on Philosophy or els on my lore that any desire haven such lighting Planets in that wise any more to shew Good Lady qd I tell ye me how ye mean in these things Lo qd she the dignities of your citty Sunne and

diligence in doing a message mendicants l. Beggars mees b. Meddows mew secret mest b. most mete deal yield methe a kind of sweet drink metten dream melite power megre f. b. lean * Minoresse the right reading is moueresse as we have now printed it that is a stirrer of debate for so it is in the French Verses in the oldest written Copies Sembla byen estre moueresse ministralcie any instrument of Musick or Musick it self miscreants f. Infidels misqueame b. displease missat b. became not mistaken misused misfill miscarried mirror f. a glass mistere f. occupation manner fashion service strange thing also need mineth l. threatneth mistihede darkness mystery mitches f. manchets misericorde l. compassion minge b. mingle mine b. to entend also to dig misbode wrong minotaure g. a monster half a bull and half a man * Moses and King Salomon Out of Josephus and Petrus Comestor magister historiarum qui claruit Anno 1260. moyson f. ripeness monest l. admonish mouch b. to take up all mourdant i. the tongue of a buckle mokell mikell b. much mortresse a meat made of boiled hens crummed bread yolks of eggs and saffron all boiled together mokell d. stature making bigness modefie l. moderate mountaunce quantity mollock b. earth dung mowen posse be able mormall a canker moniours f. coiners moeble f. housholdstuff mow mon b. might mosell mouth snout mowlen b. wax mould moten d. must do moile a dish made of marrow and grated bread morter f. a lampe mote d. must go molles kistrels momblishnes d. talk mue moved muet f. silent muckre b. hoard up musard f. lingerer mynting labouring N. Nadir a. the point opposite to Zenith or the point under the Horizon right under our feet nakoners i. crotalum cimbals nas was not nart art not nad had not nale b. the ale-house narcotise d. stupefactive making senseless nat wilne not desire nam am not name d. took nere were not nede nedes b. business neighen neigh b. touch to draw near nest b. next neuen neuin b. name named nerfe i. sinew gristle nedely of necessity nesh b. tender nere untill were it not nempt b. named name tell nede needed nerthes herdmen nedes cost of necessity neders adders nice nise b. foolish nicete folly curiosity niterall saltpeter nigh b. almost nighen draw near nist knew not nil will not nigon nigeon f. dolt niggard nigges b. niggards nigh near to draw near nightspell b. a prayer against the night mare nightertale by night nimphes g. maidens of the sea nowell signifieth Deus nobiscum and is taken for Christmas 20. or 30. days next before nortelri nurture nore f. comfort nourishing note a Saint called Neotes nones b. condition purpose nori i. nurse nost knowest nome taken nummed nowth now note business O. Obay abide obseruaunce l. honour obstacles l. let ts occision l. murther occisier l. murderer octogami g. eight times married odible l. hateful offitorie l. a song or lesson in the time of offring oftsithes b. sundry times of plat then edge of ease then grief offrend f. d. offring onde halitus b. breath also fury on hie apace oned united onis once on knew d. one knee on presse adowne openheed bare-headed orde l. point ordainor d. governour oratorie l. a Temple a Chappel orisons f. d. Prayers * Ordall Ordalia is a tryal of chastity and other things by going over hot burning cultures of iron bare-footed as did Emma and Gunegond the Wife of Henry the fifteenth Emperour of Romans as writeth Cra●tius in his Chronicles of Almaine This Ordall was used among the Saxons and since the Conquest among the Normans but in the time of King John it was taken away by the Court of Rome And afterward in England by the authority of Henry the third ordred b. having taken orders of priesthood Orders fower The four orders of Friars were these 1 Friars Minors or gray friers Franciscans 2 Friars preachers or blackfriars Dominicanes 3 Friars Carmelites or white friars 4 Friars Augustines * Orfrayes Aurifrisium frisled cloth of gold made and used in England both before and since the Conquest worn both by the Clergy and the Kings themselves as may appear out of Matthew Paris where he speaketh of the Ornaments sent by the Abbots of England to the Pope And also by a Record in the Tower where the King commandeth the Templers to deliver such Jewels garments and ornaments as they had of the Kings in keeping Among the which he nameth Dalmaticum velatum de Orefreis that is a Damask garment garded with Orfrayes orisont g. the part of the firmament to us seen orientall bright beautiful orientall i. bright orpiment the herb Orpin orloge f. g. a diall ouch b. a boss or button of gold also a wedge of gold ouerfret spred ouerthrowing hast outraie depart run outrance destruction out take except owhere any where ownding f. garding like waves owndy f. waving owles b. hooks pinsars P. * Palmers A Pilgrim and a Palmer did differ thus The Pilgrim had some dwelling place the Palmer had none the Pilgrim travelled to some certain place the Palmer to all and not to any one the Pilgrim might go at his own charge the Palmer must profess wilful poverty the Pilgrim might give over his profession the Palmer must be constant until he had obtained the Palm that is victory over his ghostly enemies and life by death * Pasiphae wife of Minos king of Creet who having kept company with a bull but rather as Festus saith with a man called Taurus brought forth Minotaurus who was half a man and half a bull palladium g. the image of Pallas in Troy pale f. a spangle also a robe of state palastere g. a combate paie b. robe paine mane f. white bread paling cutting in pains pace b. appease Palathi Palathia in Anatolia papelard f. hypocrite pankers f. toyls to take deer parage f. parentage patere b. prate partner by parts pan b. brain panter f. a pitfall pad b. a bundel parfay f. verily paynem b. heathenish paramors f. lovers pleasures pardieux f. verily paplardi f. hypocrisie paraments Robes of state or the place where they are kept par for pauade pugio a dagger or baslard penon f. a long streamer perse f. sky colour pennes fele many pence pensell d. a peece perionet a young pear tree perry f. precious stones bravery with precious stones pekois a pickaxe perturben f. disturb perriwrigh embroidered with pearl permagall equal peregrine f. strange peri d. a pear tree perpendicular l. down right * Peruise f. A bar and here it is understood of the conference called the Peruis amongst the young Counsellors Pleaders Attorneys or Students of the Law such as at this day might resemble the course in the houses of Court or Chancery called mootes and bolts wherein the form of pleading and arguing a case is exercised For so doth Fortescue in his 51. chapter of his Book commending those laws prove when he saith that after the

you find of the Cooks Tale add this What thorow himself his felaw y● fought Vnto a mischief both they were brought The tone ydamned to prison perpetually The tother to deth for he couth not of clergy And therefore yong men learne while ye may That with many divers thoughts beth pricked all the day Remembre you what mischief cometh of misgovernaunce Thus mowe ye learn worschip and come to substaunce Think how grace and governaunce hath brought aboune Many a poore man'ys Son chefe state of the Town Euer rule thee after the best man of name And God may grace thee to come to y● same Immediately after these words at the end of the Squires Tale Apollo whirleth up his chare so hie Vntill the God Mercurius house he flie Let this be added But I here now maken a knotte To the time it come next to my lotte For here ben felawes behind an hepe truly That wolden talk full besily And have here sport as well as I And the day passeth certainly So on this mattere I may no lenger dwell But stint my clack and let the other tell Therefore oft taketh now good hede Who shall next tell and late him spede FINIS 1 This Leland had Commission from King Hen. Eighth to search all Libraries in England for matters of Antiquity He died in the days of Edw. Sixth 2 In the 1. Book and 5th Sect. 3 About the 2d or 3d Year of Edw. Third 1 Vintner quasi Wineturner that is a Merchant of the Vi●●ry which sold by whole sale 1 This Q. Isabel being sent into France with her young Son Edw. by the K. of England her Husband to conferr about matters with her Brother the French King would by no means return having conceived a great Hatred against the Spensers and also against the King for suffering himself to be misled by their naughty Counsel but by all means stirred the People to Rebellion and in the end came over her self with almost three thousand Strangers besides Englishmen 2 Henault a Province lying between France and Flanders 1 This Coniecture is of small force for the Merchants of the Staple had not any Arms granted to them as I have been informed before the time of Henry the Sixth or much thereabout Canterbury Colledge in Oxford founded by Simon Islip Archbishop of Canterbury was suppressed in the Reign of K. Hen. 8. and joyned unto Christs-Church 2 Nicholas de Lynna studiorum praecipuas partes in Mathesi collocavit quae quatuor disciplinarum orbem complectitur videlicet Arithmeticam Geometriam Musicam Astrologiam Bale 3 John Gower a Knight as Bale writeth studied not only the common Laws of the Land but all other kind of good Literature He lieth buried in St. Mary Overies in Southwark in a stately Tomb erected in the Wall with his Image lying over him in a Habit of greenish Damask down to his Feet a Collar of Esses Gold about his Neck and on his Head a Chaplet of Roses the Ornaments of Knighthood Under his Head he hath the likeness of three Books which he compiled the first Speculum Meditantis in French the second Vox Clamantis in Latin the third Confessio Amantis in English 4 John Plantagenet sirnamed Gaunt of Gaunt in Flanders where he was born was the fourth Son of King Edward the Third He was Duke of Lancaster Earl of Lincoln Darby and Leicester King of Castile and Lyons and Steward of England He was also Earl of Richmond and Duke of Aquitain He had three Wives Blanch Constance and Katharine He lieth buried in the Quire of Pauls 1 Thomas Chaucer was born about the 38 or 39th Year of Edw. 3. 2 Written Ann. Domini 1391. Rich. secund 14. 1 This John Burghershe was of the same Line of Barrholomew Burghershe one of the first Knights of the Garter at the Institution thereof by Edward 3. and of Henry Burghershe Bishop of Lincoln and Chancellor and Treasurer of England 2 Ewelme olim Chauceri Delapolorum nunc Regiae aedes Dum enim Johannes Lincolniae Comes Gulielmo Delapolo è filio Johanne nepos res novas contra Henricum septimum moliretur proscriptus omnibus honoribus his possessionibus excidit quae in patrimonium Regium transcriptae fuerunt G. C. 3 Dunnington Castle standeth in a Park in Barkshire not far from Newberry where to this day standeth an old Oak called Chaucer's Oak 4 Wallingford in Barkshire Castrum admirandae amplitudinis magnificentiae duplici murorum ambitu duplici item vallo circundatum in medio moli in magnam altitudinem aeditae arx imponitur in cujus acclivi per gradus ascensu fons est immensae profunditatis Incolae constructum à Danis credunt alii à Romanis G. Camben 5 Knaresborow in Yorkshire Castrum rupi asperrimae impositum quod Serlonem de Burgo patruum Eustacii Vescii condidisse ferunt nunc patrimonii Lancastrensis censetur G. Camden 6 This Jane of Navarr Widow to John of Mounford Duke of Britain was married to Henry the Fourth about the fourth Year of his Reign 7 The Pooles Advancement grew first by Merchandise and Sir Richard Poole Kt. was Father to William de la Pool Merchant of Hull who for that he frankly and freely did lend to King Ed. 3. a great Sum of Mony at Mortaign in France when he was greatly distressed was honoured with the Girdle Military made Banneret and endued with 1000 Marks by the Year and his Successors after were advanced to be Dukes of Suffolk as in Master Stow's Annals appeareth William de la Pole was first secretly married to the Countess of Henault by whom he had a Daughter and after being divorced from her was publickly married to Chaucer's Daughter Countess of Salisbury who proved this Daughter being married to one Barentine a Bastard The which Barentine afterward for a Rior made against the Countess was condemned and lost an hundred Pounds by the Year J. Stow. In the 28. of K. Hen. 6. 1450. this William de la Pole was banished the Realm for five Years to pacifie the hard opinion which the Commons had conceived against him In his Journey to his Banishment he was taken and beheaded and his Body cast up at Dover Sands and buried in the Charter-house at Hull J. St. This Sir Rich. Dangle a Knt. of Poictu came over with the Duke of Lancaster who for his Valiancy and tryed Truth to the King of England was made Knight of the Garter 1 Some say he did but translate it and that it was made by Sir Otes de Grantsome Knight in French of my Lady of York Daughter to the King of Spain representing Venus and my Lord of Huntingdon sometime Duke of Excester This Lady was younger Sister to Gaunt's second Wife This Lord of Huntingdon was called John Holland half Brother to Richard the Second He married Elizabeth the Daughter of John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster Out of the Records in the Tower a Thomas Occleve vel Ockelese vir tam bonis literis quam generis prosapia clarus exquisua quadam Anglici sermonis eloquentia post Chaucerum cujus suerat discipulus patriam ornavit linguam Johannis Wiclevi ipsius Berengarii in religione doctrinam sequebatur Tractatus hos fecit Planctum proprium Dialogum and amicum De quadam Imperatrice De arte moriendi De coelesti Hierusalem De quodam Jonatha De Regimine Principis * John Lidgate Monk of Bury an excellent Poet He travelled France and Italy to learn the Languages and Sciences * That is Geffrey Vinesause of whom read in the Recital of Authors This William Caxton of London Mercer brought Printing out of Germany into England about the latter end of the Reign of Henry the Sixth and practised the same in the Abbey of St. Peter at Westminster It was first found in Germany at Mogunce by one John Cuthembergus a Knight and brought to Rome by Conradus an Almaigne as some Authors say