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england_n king_n land_n normandy_n 2,612 5 11.0984 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A93553 A treatise of gavelkind, both name and thing. Shewing the true etymologie and derivation of the one, the nature, antiquity, and original of the other. With sundry emergent observations, both pleasant and profitable to be known of Kentish-men and others, especially such as are studious, either of the ancient custome, or the common law of this kingdome. By (a well-willer to both) William Somner. Somner, William, 1598-1669. 1659 (1659) Wing S4668; Thomason E1005_1; ESTC R207857 133,861 236

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as_o it_o be_v use_v beside_o in_o composition_n in_o each_o import_a cens_n i._n e._n rent_n either_o in_o money_n provision_n or_o work_n and_o be_v thus_o far_o advance_v in_o the_o dispatch_n of_o our_o positive_a proposition_n what_o be_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o gavelkynd_n i_o must_v now_o desire_v the_o reader_n in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o observe_v and_o consider_v censual_a with_o i_o that_o as_o there_o be_v divers_a sort_n of_o land_n to_o be_v find_v both_o in_o this_o county_n and_o elsewhere_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o tenure_n not_o censive_a or_o censual_a nor_o of_o the_o kind_n to_o pay_v or_o yield_v gavel_n that_o be_v such_o rent_n or_o rent-service_n whether_o in_o money_n provision_n or_o work_n as_o arise_v from_o ignoble_a base_a and_o plebeian_a tenor_n in_o which_o only_a gavel_n be_v conversant_a to_o those_o of_o who_o such_o land_n be_v hold_v those_o namely_o hold_v in_o alodio_n in_o frankalmoigne_n or_o mortmain_n as_o call_v mortua_fw-la also_o abroad_o because_o yield_v the_o lord_n no_o profit_n as_o be_v in_o a_o dead_a hand_n in_o knights-service_n in_o frank_n fee_n and_o the_o like_a so_o be_v there_o also_o such_o as_o that_o hold_v in_o socage_n or_o burgage_n tenor_n or_o the_o like_a though_o free_a which_o contrariwise_o be_v censual_a liable_a to_o rent_n in_o some_o one_o or_o more_o of_o the_o kind_n premise_v to_o distinguish_v therefore_o if_o not_o general_o what_o land_n be_v from_o what_o be_v not_o of_o gafol_n gild_a nature_n or_o of_o the_o kind_n to_o yield_v or_o pay_v cens_fw-la yet_o special_o to_o put_v a_o difference_n between_o what_o alone_o be_v proper_o and_o ancient_o call_v ignobile_fw-la fee_n knight-service_n land_n and_o it_o under_o which_o double_a head_n be_v comprise_v the_o generality_n of_o our_o whole_a country_n land_n answer_v as_o to_o that_o dichotomy_n of_o chivalry_n and_o socage_n tenor_n whereunto_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o common_a person_n be_v chivalry_n refer_v so_o also_o to_o that_o know_a distinction_n of_o their_o land_n in_o normandy_n from_o whence_o as_o some_o 545._o surmise_n we_o receive_v our_o gavelkynd_n whereof_o more_o hereafter_o unto_o fief_n de_fw-fr haubert_n and_o fief_n de_fw-fr roturier_n that_o be_v the_o nobleman_n fee_n and_o the_o husbandman_n or_o ploughman_n fee_n for_o distinction_n sake_n i_o say_v of_o censual_a or_o rent_a land_n or_o rent-service_n land_n from_o what_o like_o fee_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v hold_v per_fw-la liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la armorum_fw-la yield_v no_o cens_n rent_n or_o service_n whether_o in_o money_n provision_n or_o work_n the_o former_a of_o the_o twain_o be_v call_v gavelkynd_n that_o be_v as_o mr._n lambard_n right_o in_o the_o second_o of_o his_o forementioned_a conjecture_n of_o the_o kind_n or_o nature_n to_o pay_v or_o yield_v rend_v or_o land_n hold_v not_o proper_o in_o fee_n but_o as_o the_o feudist_n be_v wont_n in_o this_o case_n to_o distinguish_v contractu_fw-la censuali_fw-la as_o be_v let_v out_o with_o or_o under_o condition_n to_o pay_v cens_n or_o rent_n or_o with_o a_o reservation_n of_o cen_n or_o rent_n like_v unto_o those_o in_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o his_o son_n hen._n 1._o the_o one_o to_o battle_n the_o other_o to_o read_v abbey_n express_o call_v terrae_fw-la censuales_fw-la and_o there_o oppose_v to_o fee_n censuales_fw-la witness_v this_o provision_n occur_v in_o each_o charter_n terras_fw-la censuales_fw-la nec_fw-la ad_fw-la feudum_fw-la donet_fw-la nec_fw-la milites_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o sacra_fw-la veste_fw-la christi_fw-la faciat_fw-la nec_fw-la de_fw-la possessionibus_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la quisquam_fw-la teneat_fw-la aliquid_fw-la feudaliter_fw-la absolutum_fw-la sed_fw-la ad_fw-la censum_fw-la annuum_fw-la &_o servitium_fw-la abbati_n &_o monachis_fw-la debitum_fw-la see_v clement_n reyner_n apostolatus_fw-la benedictinor_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it tract_n 2._o pag._n 137_o &_o 154._o it_o be_v no_o simple_a word_n gavelkynd_n but_o a_o compound_n signify_v of_o gavel_n and_o kind_n the_o latter_a syllable_n whereof_o to_o proceed_v on_o to_o that_o come_v and_o be_v contract_v of_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o word_n frequent_o occur_v in_o the_o saxon_a sermon_n set_v forth_o and_o publish_v by_o mr._n fox_n in_o his_o act_n and_o monument_n and_o again_o of_o late_a by_o mr._n lisle_n as_o a_o appendix_n to_o another_o saxon_a piece_n a_o treatise_n of_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n in_o the_o version_n or_o translation_n of_o the_o word_n they_o both_o concur_v render_v it_o in_o our_o modern_a english_a 471._o nature_n to_o give_v a_o instance_n or_o two_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n after_o true_a nature_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n it_o be_v natural_o and_o the_o like_a i●_n will_v peradventure_o be_v object_v that_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o perambulation_n pag._n 495._o meeting_n with_o the_o word_n several_a time_n in_o the_o saxon_a will_n of_o byrhtric_n of_o mepham_n in_o this_o often_o repeat_v passage_n there_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d always_o translate_v it_o after_o the_o old_a latin_a version_n in_o textus_fw-la roffensis_fw-la within_o that_o kindred_n and_o in_o a_o marginal_a note_n against_o it_o call_v it_o a_o kind_n of_o gift_n in_o tail_n lambard_n but_o for_o reply_n if_o i_o may_v have_v leave_n free_o to_o deliver_v my_o sense_n that_o version_n be_v not_o good_a for_o under_o favour_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o import_v not_o as_o that_o translation_n will_v kindred_n but_o rather_o kind_n nature_n sort_n quality_n or_o condition_n and_o consequent_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o if_o right_o be_v thus_o i_o take_v it_o and_o not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v english_v viz_o in_o that_o kind_n or_o after_o that_o nature_n or_o upon_o the_o same_o term_n or_o with_o the_o same_o condition_n have_v relation_n if_o you_o mark_v it_o to_o the_o tie_n upon_o the_o next_o precedent_n legacy_n gift_n or_o devise_n of_o other_o land_n charge_v either_o with_o alm_n or_o with_o rent_n in_o way_n of_o alm_n payable_a thereout_o by_o the_o legatary_n or_o devisee_n for_o the_o devisor_n or_o testator_n his_o soul_n health_n have_v it_o be_v otherwise_o t_v book_n the_o follow_a passage_n in_o a_o charter_n record_v in_o a_o lieger_n of_o the_o often_o allege_v cathedral_n at_o canterbury_n of_o certain_a land_n all_o which_o the_o party_n have_v in_o southwe●k_n give_v to_o that_o church_n by_o norman_a le_fw-fr wautier_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1204_o which_o thus_o speak_v et_fw-la quia_fw-la praedicta_fw-la terra_fw-la de_fw-la libero_fw-la catallo_fw-la &_o proprio_fw-la perquisito_fw-la meo_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o non_fw-fr de_fw-fr aliqua_fw-la hereditate_fw-la parentum_fw-la meorum_fw-la ideo_fw-la de●minde_n &_o s._n thomam_fw-la martyrem_fw-la &_o sanctos_fw-la cantuariensis_n ecclesiae_fw-la &_o conventum_fw-la monachorum_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la heredem_fw-la b._n meum_fw-la legitimum_fw-la inscribo_fw-la &_o hac_fw-la mea_fw-la carta_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la constituo_fw-la to_o which_o many_o more_o such_o like_a might_n easy_o be_v add_v from_o the_o same_o promptuarium_fw-la the_o f●udists_n in_o this_o case_n distinguish_v between_o feudum_fw-la novum_fw-la &_o antiquum_fw-la as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o vulteius_n de_fw-fr feudis_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 10._o num_fw-la 73._o in_o the_o next_o place_n the_o reader_n may_v please_v to_o observe_v with_o i_o that_o as_o b._n britton_n distinguish_v of_o a_o double_a tenure_n in_o mortmain_n the_o one_o call_a almoigne_z or_o aumone_n simple_o the_o other_o frankalmoigne_n describe_v the_o former_a to_o be_v a_o gift_n in_o alm_n but_o not_o free_a alm_n because_o say_v he_o a_o certain_a service_n be_v retain_v or_o reserve_v to_o the_o feoffor_a cap._n 66._o fol._n 164._o ●_o so_o this_o in_o hand_n be_v no_o alienation_n in_o frankalmoigne_n the_o f●offers_n it_o seem_v not_o intend_v to_o give_v the_o land_n in_o that_o absolute_a manner_n but_o in_o token_n of_o seignory_n to_o reserve_v something_o of_o service_n to_o themselves_o phrase_n their_o gift_n not_o in_o puram_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la or_o in_o liberam_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la one_o of_o which_o word_n viz._n either_o pura_fw-la or_o libera_fw-la be_v some_o say_v other_o say_v b._n both_o essential_a to_o the_o make_v it_o a_o tenure_n in_o frankalmoigne_n and_o to_o the_o excuse_v it_o from_o service_n with_o which_o the_o next_o follow_v word_n and_o to_o gavelkynd_n can_v not_o have_v consist_v pure_a alm_n or_o frankalmoigne_n exclude_v the_o return_n of_o all_o but_o divine_a service_n and_o burden_n they_o phrase_v it_o not_o therefore_o i_o say_v in_o puram_fw-la or_o liberam_fw-la ele●mosynam_fw-la but_o only_o in_o perpetuam_fw-la ele●mosynam_fw-la and_o to_o gavelkynd_n by_o the_o former_a of_o these_o word_n invest_v the_o hospital_n with_o a_o estate_n in_o perpetuity_n by_o the_o latter_a and_o the_o reddendo_fw-la follow_v save_v and_o reserve_v
property_n incident_a to_o our_o gavelkynd_n it_o may_v and_o no_o doubt_n but_o do_v differ_v from_o it_o beside_o that_o such_o partible_a land_n elsewhere_o shall_v be_v call_v gavelkynd_n will_v not_o stand_v with_o out_o premise_a ground_n exclude_v prescription_n in_o gavelkynd_n land_n whereas_o in_o such_o place_n abroad_o though_o haply_o not_o in_o whole_a county_n yet_o in_o particular_a manor_n i_o conceive_v it_o be_v necessary_a even_o in_o their_o gavellond_n whereof_o i_o find_v mention_v make_v in_o several_a manor_n out_o of_o kent_n as_o some_o in_o kent_n to_o show_v quod_fw-la terra_fw-la illa_fw-la à_fw-la toto_fw-la tempore_fw-la etc._n etc._n partibilis_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o partita_fw-la the_o accustomable_a actual_a partition_n of_o it_o be_v there_o as_o necessary_a to_o be_v plead_v and_o prove_v as_o its_o capability_n of_o such_o a_o property_n add_v hereunto_o that_o if_o all_o partible_a land_n be_v gavelkynd_n render_v such_o by_o partition_n alone_o then_o be_v ●●_o bracton_n sicut_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelkynd_n vel_fw-la alibi_fw-la ubi_fw-la terra_fw-la est_fw-la partibilis_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la a_o improper_a expression_n we_o be_v tell_v that_o this_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n partition_n take_v place_n have_v do_v at_o least_o in_o other_o country_n or_o county_n beside_o kent_n and_o littleton_n instance_v in_o north-wales_n but_o what_o custom_n i_o pray_v a_o custom_n indeed_o like_v to_o that_o in_o the_o scottish_a 27._o socage_n land_n of_o partition_n that_o be_v true_a and_o testimony_n of_o it_o be_v obvious_a such_o as_o beside_o that_o of_o littleton_n statutum_n walliae_n the_o welsh_a history_n and_o some_o act_n of_o 207._o parliament_n but_o still_o i_o say_v no_o gavelkynd-custome_n take_v in_o its_o true_a plenary_a and_o complete_a acception_n comprise_v all_o the_o property_n of_o it_o obvious_a in_o the_o custumal_a as_o then_o for_o other_o countrymen_n communicate_v with_o we_o of_o kent_n in_o the_o tenure_n i_o conceive_v it_o first_o come_v up_o by_o way_n of_o imitation_n of_o our_o example_n in_o ireland_n especial_o and_o among_o the_o welshman_n in_o who_o vocabulary_a or_o dictionary_n the_o word_n be_v seek_v in_o vain_a as_o it_o be_v also_o in_o that_o old_a statute_n which_o concern_v they_o statutum_n walliae_fw-la where_o though_o mention_n may_v be_v find_v of_o a_o custom_n there_o obtain_v of_o partition_n of_o their_o land_n like_v to_o that_o of_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd_n yet_o without_o any_o one_o word_n of_o gavelkynd_n and_o if_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v find_v in_o their_o deed_n charter_n or_o other_o record_n yet_o as_o one_o 168._o say_v in_o a_o case_n not_o much_o unlike_a condition_v to_o this_o of_o we_o who_o word_n with_o very_o little_a variation_n i_o shall_v therefore_o take_v up_o here_o suspicari_fw-la licet_fw-la hanc_fw-la vo●em_fw-la pluribus_fw-la illorum_fw-la chartis_fw-la actisque_fw-la publicis_fw-la n●n_fw-la tam_fw-la illorum_fw-la quam_fw-la pragmaticorum_fw-la usu_fw-la ac_fw-la instituto_fw-la invectam_fw-la i_o e._n it_o be_v to_o be_v suspect_v that_o it_o have_v its_o imposition_n and_o be_v first_o transmit_v hither_o by_o our_o lawyer_n who_o borrow_v the_o term_n to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o for_o illustration_n sake_n like_v as_o of_o late_a i_o be_o persuade_v the_o parliament_n do_v in_o that_o stat._n 34._o hen._n 8_o cap._n 26._o where_o the_o term_n of_o gavelkynd_n haply_o be_v but_o borrow_v to_o help_v describe_v and_o illustrate_v that_o partible_a quality_n there_o mention_v of_o the_o land_n in_o wales_n which_o i_o be_o the_o more_o induce_v to_o conceive_v because_o in_o a_o former_a statute_n concern_v wales_n namely_o that_o of_o the_o 27_o of_o the_o same_o king_n cap._n 26._o make_v mention_n of_o this_o partition_n gavelkynd_n be_v not_o at_o all_o remember_v in_o imitation_n then_o as_o i_o conceive_v of_o the_o kentish-man_n the_o generality_n of_o who_o partible_a land_n of_o long_a time_n have_v notorious_o be_v know_v by_o that_o title_n and_o who_o land_n alone_o of_o all_o the_o county_n of_o england_n at_o this_o day_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkynd_n of_o common_a ●_o right_n this_o name_n or_o term_v of_o gavelkynd_n in_o land_n elsewhere_o of_o like_a condition_n in_o matter_n of_o descent_n have_v be_v take_v up_o and_o be_v retain_v by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v i_o may_v be_v think_v to_o objection_n incline_v to_o their_o opinion_n who_o hold_v that_o socage_n and_o gavelkynd_n be_v synonyma_fw-la term_n identical_a and_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o signification_n here_o in_o kent_n and_o that_o consequent_o what_o land_n here_o be_v of_o gavelkynd-nature_n be_v of_o socage-tenure_n as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n what_o land_n be_v of_o socage-tenure_n be_v of_o gavelkynd-nature_n i_o answer_v no_o solution_n for_o i_o require_v in_o this_o case_n i_o mean_v to_o make_v socage_n land_n here_o in_o kent_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la partible_fw-fr after_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n that_o it_o be_v grant_v out_o and_o hold_v in_o gavelkynd_n 9_o express_o or_o in_o term_n equivalent_a as_o i_o say_v before_o yet_o with_o that_o distinction_n ofttimes_o wherewith_o i_o there_o qualify_v it_o notwithstanding_o i_o be_o not_o of_o their_o mind_n who_o distinguish_v between_o free_a and_o base_a socage_n in_o kent_n make_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o descent_n divers_a the_o free_a socage_n say_v they_o descend_v to_o the_o elder_a alone_a the_o base_a fall_n in_o division_n between_o he_o and_o all_o his_o brethren_n thus_o 593._o mr._n lambard_n in_o the_o person_n of_o other_o to_o help_v justify_v who_o distinction_n with_o the_o inference_n upon_o it_o he_o there_o exhibit_v a_o inquisition_n take_v after_o the_o death_n of_o one_o walter_n culpepper_n make_v mention_n of_o divers_a parcel_n of_o land_n and_o annual_a rent_n hold_v by_o the_o decease_a at_o his_o death_n some_o in_o liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la other_o in_o gavelkynd_n the_o former_a of_o which_o by_o the_o verdict_n of_o the_o jury_n be_v to_o go_v to_o the_o decease_v elder_a son_n 11._o alone_o the_o latter_a in_o common_a among_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n thus_o the_o inquisition_n which_o as_o mr._n lambard_n there_o follow_v it_o clear_o distinguish_v free_a socage_n from_o the_o gavelkynd_n interpret_n it_o seem_v liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la there_o by_o free_a socage_n and_o it_o may_v be_v right_o however_o i_o crave_v leave_n of_o dissent_n and_o as_o it_o be_v but_o fit_a shall_v give_v my_o reason_n for_o my_o part_n i_o never_o find_v free_a socage_n any_o where_o express_v by_o that_o term_n or_o in_o latin_a render_v liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la nor_o perhaps_o to_o those_o of_o more_o diligence_n and_o more_o conversant_a with_o our_o law-record_n than_o myself_o have_v it_o ever_o occur_v under_o that_o notion_n nor_o have_v i_o meet_v with_o any_o free_a socage_n as_o this_o here_o not_o subject_a to_o the_o render_n of_o some_o kind_n of_o service_n either_o in_o denariu_n or_o otherwise_o by_o liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la i_o understand_v sometime_o feodum_fw-la feodum_fw-la militare_fw-la which_o be_v often_o in_o old_a record_n call_v liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la in_o a_o very_a ancient_a cant._n rental_a of_o southmal_v manor_n in_o sussex_n we_o have_v this_o title_n liberi_fw-la feodi_fw-la and_o under_o it_o godefridus_n walensis_n tenet_fw-la 111_o feodos_fw-la milit_fw-la in_fw-it tenemento_fw-it de_fw-it malling_n &_o quartam_fw-la partem_fw-la unius_fw-la feodi_fw-la apud_fw-la ter_v per_fw-la liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la armorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la willmus_fw-la de_fw-la bransa_n tenuit_fw-la apud_fw-la adburton_n unum_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la per_fw-la liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la armorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la and_o so_o some_o other_o apposite_z here_o be_v that_o of_o ●_o bracton_n notandum_fw-la say_v he_o quoth_v in_o servitio_fw-la militari_fw-la non_fw-la dicitur_fw-la per_fw-la liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la quiaconstat_fw-la quod_fw-la feodum_fw-la tale_n liberum_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n sometime_o also_o by_o liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la i_o understand_v what_o i_o conceive_v it_o do_v principal_o denote_v unto_o we_o frank_n fee_n that_o be_v by_o the_o feudist_n definition_n such_o pr●_n qu●_n nullum_fw-la omnin●_n servitium_fw-la 353._o praestatur_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v of_o they_o reckon_v inter_fw-la feudastra_fw-mi or_o feuda_fw-la impropria_fw-la and_o such_o as_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v mean_v by_o liberum_fw-la fe●dum_fw-la in_o that_o inquisition_n because_o it_o be_v there_o in_o terminis_fw-la express_v to_o be_v hold_v just_a after_o the_o manner_n of_o frank_n fee_n by_o the_o precedent_a definition_n of_o it_o absque_fw-la aliquo_fw-la servitio_fw-la inde_fw-la faciendo_fw-la and_o if_o frank_n fee_n then_o in_o probability_n not_o socage_n for_o as_o all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o realm_n say_v our_o book_n be_v either_o ancient_n demesne_n or_o frank_n fee_n so_o none_o say_v they_o be_v to_o be_v account_v ancient_n demesne_n but_o such_o as_o be_v hold_v in_o fitzherbert_n socage_n
pleasure_n ibid._n censual_a not_o censual_a 35._o how_o many_o several_a kind_n of_o land_n before_o the_o conquest_n 114._o as_o also_o since_o 115_o landagendman_n what_o 15_o landboc_a what_o 112_o land-gabel_a what_o 15_o land-gafol_a what_o ibid._n leaf-gavel_a what_o p._n 27_o lef-silver_n what_o ibid._n les-gavel_a what_o ibid._n les-gold_n and_o lesyeld_a what_o ibid._n liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la what_o 56_o lyef-geld_a what_o 27_o m._n mailer_n what_o p._n 34_o mailman_n what_o ibid._n mail-payer_n what_o ibid._n mala_fw-la what_o ibid._n maltgavel_a what_o 27_o malt-peny_n what_o ibid._n malt-shot_a what_o ibid._n manopera_fw-la what_o 24_o mete-gavel_a what_o 31_o mirroir_n the_o book_n so_o call_v censure_v 104_o molland_n what_o 117_o molmannus_n what_o ibid._n monday-land_n what_o 120_o mortdancester_n the_o assize_n so_o call_v where_o it_o lie_v 152_o 157_o mortmain_n what_o 40._o the_o tenure_n of_o it_o double_a ibid._n n._n name_n to_o be_v suitable_a with_o thing_n very_o convenient_a 11_o nativi_fw-la in_o kent_n 75_o neatland_n what_o 114_o nider_v alias_o nthe_v a_o nickname_n of_o what_o signification_n &_o whence_o derive_v 65_o o._n oale-gavel_a what_o 24_o ordericus_n vitalis_n his_o relation_n of_o the_o conqueror_n proceed_n and_o progress_n after_o his_o victory_n near_o hastings_n p_o 71_o ordinary_a his_o power_n of_o distribute_v intestates_fw-la good_n here_o in_o england_n when_o beginning_n as_o also_o in_o scotland_n and_o normandy_n 79_o over-land_n what_o 119_o out-average_a what_o 116_o p._n parcener_n how_o many_o sort_n 42_o paroc_n what_o 23_o partition_n in_o gavelkynd_n land_n neither_o from_o the_o name_n nor_o nature_n of_o it_o only_o 44._o nor_o from_o prescription_n 46._o but_o partly_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o and_o partly_o from_o custom_n and_o what_o 47._o the_o antiquity_n of_o it_o 61._o whether_o inherent_a in_o the_o land_n 247_o 150._o why_o more_o general_a in_o kent_n than_o elsewhere_o 52_o 61._o whether_o bring_v hither_o by_o odo_n out_o of_o normandy_n 61_o 81._o whether_o continue_v there_o by_o composition_n with_o the_o conqueror_n 62_o partition_n but_o one_o property_n or_o branch_n of_o gavelkynd_n 48_o 146._o out_o of_o kent_n whence_o obtain_v ibid._n &_o 54_o partition_n of_o good_n 79_o peny-gavel_a what_o 26_o some_o phrase_n in_o ingulphus_n ancient_a charter_n question_v p._n 101_o pictavensis_n his_o relation_n of_o the_o conqueror_n proceed_n and_o progress_n after_o his_o victory_n near_o hastings_n 69._o himself_n the_o conqueror_n chaplain_n and_o a_o eyewitness_n ib._n portfoc●_n what_o 135_o 136_o portsoken_n what_o 135_o potura_fw-la what_o 29_o prescription_n not_o good_a in_o gavelkynd_n and_o why_o 44_o r._n rationabili_fw-la parte_fw-la bonorum_fw-la 78_o &_o 91_o redditus_fw-la albi_fw-la what_o 34._o nigri_fw-la what_o ib._n restitution_n a_o charter_n of_o it_o by_o the_o conqueror_n 68_o ripsilver_n what_o 19_o rochester_n castle_n besiege_v by_o will._n 2._o 64_o rodland_n what_o 117_o romney_n the_o conqueror_n passage_n by_o it_o in_o his_o march_n to_o dover_n 69_o s._n contract_n of_o marriage_n in_o saxon_a 75._o the_o edition_n of_o it_o correct_v 76._o several_a will_n in_o saxon_n 85_o scip_n ship_n in_o the_o termination_n of_o word_n what_o signify_v 106_o scotale_a what_o 29_o scrude-land_n what_o p._n 119_o seisin_n how_o deliver_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n 112_o servi_n in_o kent_n 74_o servitus_fw-la rusticana_fw-la 127_o sextary-land_n what_o 119_o smithesland_n what_o 118_o soca_n socha_n soak_v sokne_v what_o 133_o 137_o socage_n free_a and_o base_a 55._o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n and_o what_o it_o signify_v 129._o whether_o it_o and_o gavelkynd_n synonima_n 55._o its_o original_a 127._o opposite_a to_o villeinage_n 139_o socage-land_n and_o service_n so_o call_v elsewhere_o in_o kent_n term_v gavelkynd_n 49_o socagium_fw-la the_o distinction_n of_o it_o into_o liberum_fw-la and_o villanum_fw-la whence_o 141_o socmanni_n 137_o sokerevi_n 134_o sokmanry_n 137_o spelman_n sir_n henry_n his_o derivation_n of_o gavelkynd_n 3_o spot_n story_n of_o the_o kentishman_n encounter_n and_o composition_n with_o the_o conqueror_n exhibit_v question_v refute_v 63._o a_o mere_a monkish_a ●igment_n and_o why_o devise_v 71._o when_o he_o live_v 64._o his_o commixture_n of_o falsity_n 63_o stigand_n the_o archbishop_n depose_v for_o oppose_v the_o conqueror_n not_o warrant_v by_o ancient_a story_n 75_o sul-aelmesse_a what_o 132_o swilling-land_n what_o 117_o swine-gavel_a what_o 23_o swine-money_n what_o ib._n swine-paneges_a what_o ib._n swinhey_n what_o 190_o t._n tainland_n 121_o tenure_n all_o land_n in_o england_n subject_n to_o it_o 126._o how_o different_a from_o custom_n 144_o tenure_n 1_o by_o divine_a service_n 2_o in_o frankalmoigne_n 3_o in_o fee_n ferm_n 4_o by_o petite_fw-fr sergeanty_n 5_o by_z escuage_z certain_z 6_o in_o burgage_n all_o socage_n and_o whence_o 130_o 141_o tenure_n in_o mortmain_n twofold_a 40_o tenor_n in_o chivalry_n and_o socage_n all_o land_n both_o in_o kent_n and_o elsewhere_o throughout_o england_n reducible_a to_o one_o or_o tother_o of_o they_o 129_o tenor_n in_o gavelkynd_n new_o create_v 9_o what_o before_o the_o conquest_n 112_o terra_fw-la ad_fw-la gablum_fw-la posita_fw-la what_o 14_o terrae_fw-la censuales_fw-la what_o 36_o terra_fw-la haereditaria_fw-la 84._o libera_fw-la 58_o 84._o susanna_n 118._o testamentalis_fw-la 84_o 86._o unde_fw-la nemini_fw-la respondetur_fw-la 120_o thegenes_n 1●3_n theine_n p._n 123_o threnge_n ibid._n tol-s_a what_o 24_o truth_n often_o lose_v by_o too_o much_o altercation_n 62_o twygavel_a what_o 28_o twysket_a what_o ibid._n v._o verstegan_n his_o derivation_n of_o gavelkynd_n 3_o villani_n in_o kent_n 73_o villeinage_n opposite_a to_o socage_n 139_o villain_fw-fr service_n when_o first_o cease_v so_o general_o in_o kent_n 58_o villain_fw-fr and_o villeinage_n in_o england_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n 66._o in_o kent_n since_o the_o conquest_n 72._o and_o in_o gavelkynd_n land_n 73._o as_o also_o before_o the_o conquest_n 75_o vilienagium_fw-la privilegiatum_fw-la 141_o unlandagend_n what_o 1●_n utland_n 114_o w._n wareland_n what_o 118_o weilreif_n what_o 65_o weregavel_a what_o 28_o werk-gavel_a what_o 26_o werkland_n 57_o white-rent_n what_o 34_o will_n in_o saxon_n 85_o wood-gavel_a what_o 26_o word_n in_o ingulphus_n more_o ancient_a charter_n a_o sort_n of_o they_o question_v 101_o work-land_n what_o 115_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr rationabili_fw-la parte_fw-la bonorum_fw-la whether_o lie_v at_o the_o common_a law_n or_o by_o custom_n 78_o &_o 91_o the_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la where_o it_o lie_v 153_o 159_o young_a yokeland_n what_o 117_o finis_fw-la finis_fw-la nomina_fw-la si_fw-la n●scis_fw-la perit_fw-la &_o cognitio_fw-la rerum_fw-la isid_n o●ig_n l._n 1._o cap._n 7._o arist_n 1._o phys_n &_o 2._o metaphys_n idem_fw-la 2_o metaphys_n sir_n hen._n spelman_n in_o voce_fw-la gaveletum_n britannia_n in_o kent_n kent_n the_o english_a lawyer_n p._n 73._o 73._o interpreter_n in_o voce_fw-mi perambul_n p._n 528._o 528._o see_v the_o addition_n to_o dr._n casaubon_n treatise_n of_o use_n and_o custom_n custom_n see_v sir_n ed._n coke_n instit_n part_n 1._o fol._n 115._o a._n ff_o de_n reg._n jur._n l._n quod_fw-la ab_fw-la initio_fw-la initio_fw-la duarenus_n commen●_n in_o tit._n de_fw-fr pactis_fw-la p._n 49._o ●_o ●_o see_v kilianus_n diction_n verb._n knecht_n lamb._n peramb_v p._n 547._o vid._n dictionar_n nostr_n anglo-sax_n i●_n voc●_n voc●_n davies_n report_v le_fw-fr irish_a cust_n de_fw-fr gavelkind_n fol._n 49._o 49._o ●racton_n de_fw-fr acq●iren_n rer_n dominio_fw-la fol._n ●4_n a._n a._n de_fw-fr morib_n germanor_n germanor_n l._n inter_fw-la filios_fw-la l._n famil_n hercis_o l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la à_fw-la liberis_fw-la ●f_n de_fw-fr l●b_n agnos●_n l._n si_fw-mi major_n in_o si_fw-la l._n communi_fw-la divid_fw-la divid_fw-la lib._n 1._o feud_n tit_n 6._o parag._n 2._o &_o ibi_fw-la ho●om_n ho●om_n li._n hen._n 1._o c._n 70._o glanvil_n li._n 7._o c._n 3._o bracton_n fol_n 65._o a._n a._n and_o another_o in_o the_o appendix_n scripture_n 9_o 9_o see_v vulteius_n de_fw-fr feud_n li._n 1._o c_o 8._o nu_fw-la 37._o p._n 341._o 341._o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 1._o 1._o see_v the_o ●_o proposition_n proposition_n perambu●_n p._n 544_o 544_o anno_fw-la 18_o edw._n 1._o 1._o lib._n 3._o ●●l_n 374._o a._n a._n conveniunt_fw-la rebus_fw-la nomin●_n saepe_fw-la suis_fw-la suis_fw-la nominae_fw-la cum_fw-la re_fw-la consentiant_fw-la plat●_n the_o sapient_a gafol_fw-mi what_o signify_v glossar_n verb._n gabell●_n gabell●_n peramb_v p._n 529._o 529._o instit_n p._n 1._o fol._n 142._o 2._o 2._o in_o archiv_n eccles_n cant._n cant._n fortè_fw-la he●e●_n contain_v four_o gallon_n so_o fleta_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 12._o 12._o coke_n instit_n p._n 2._o p._n 58._o 58._o spelm._n gloss_n in_o voce_fw-la voce_fw-la lamb._n archaion_n fol._n 45._o cap._n 2._o 2._o spelm._n gloss_n in_o voce_fw-la ●avel-●orn_a corn-gavel_a cavel-erth_a cavel-erth_a in_o archiv_n archiep._n cant._n biaus_n benerth_n benerth_n et_fw-la omnes_fw-la tenentes_fw-la de_fw-la isto_fw-la jugo_fw-la
against_o it_o by_o the_o same_o swinbourne_n fol._n 113._o a._n give_v place_n to_o this_o kind_n of_o tripartite_a division_n witness_n beside_o mr._n lambard_n perambul_n pag._n 561._o what_o in_o a_o book_n late_o publish_v entitle_v the_o city-law_n and_o say_v to_o be_v translate_v from_o a_o ancient_a french_a manuscript_n pag._n 7._o be_v deliver_v in_o these_o word_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o when_o a_o citizen_n of_o the_o same_o city_n london_n have_v a_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o die_v all_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n of_o the_o say_a party_n decease_v after_o his_o debt_n be_v pay_v shall_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n whereof_o one_o shall_v remain_v to_o the_o dead_a and_o shall_v be_v distribute_v for_o his_o soul_n benefit_n and_o the_o other_o part_n shall_v be_v to_o his_o wife_n and_o the_o three_o part_n to_o his_o child_n to_o be_v equal_o share_v between_o they_o notwithstanding_o any_o will_n make_v to_o the_o contrary_a etc._n etc._n but_o to_o proceed_v although_o glanvill_n bracton_n and_o fleta_n one_o and_o all_o seem_v to_o conclude_v for_o this_o rule_n or_o order_n of_o partition_n to_o obtain_v and_o take_v place_n by_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o as_o this_o course_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v they_o but_z except_o where_o particular_a custom_n such_o as_o that_o whereon_o the_o writ_n in_o the_o register_n be_v ground_v keep_v it_o up_o at_o length_n grow_v into_o disuse_a in_o the_o case_n both_o of_o testate_a and_o intestate_a person_n witness_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n the_o liberty_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n general_o use_v at_o pleasure_n to_o dispose_v of_o personal_a estate_n make_v by_o will_n and_o on_o the_o other_o the_o ordinary_n well-known_a power_n of_o distribution_n of_o intestates_fw-la good_n which_o be_v not_o without_o warrant_n from_o that_o clause_n at_o the_o end_n of_o magna_n charta_n 18_o chap._n whereof_o in_o matthew_n paris_n and_o executio_fw-la elsewhere_o so_o with_o all_o these_o passage_n in_o glanvill_n bracton_n and_o fleta_n be_v so_o inconsistent_a with_o what_o in_o the_o case_n of_o testate_a person_n themselves_o with_o almost_o the_o same_o breath_n deliver_v that_o i_o know_v not_o how_o possible_o to_o reconcile_v they_o whereof_o the_o former_a thus_o potest_fw-la enim_fw-la quilibet_fw-la homo_fw-la libre_fw-la majoribus_fw-la debitis_fw-la non_fw-la involutus_fw-la de_fw-la rebus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o infirmitate_fw-la sua_fw-la rationabilem_fw-la divisam_fw-la facere_fw-la sub_fw-la hac_fw-la forma_fw-la secundùm_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la patriae_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la quod_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la primò_fw-la de_fw-la meliore_fw-la &_o principaliore_fw-la re_fw-la quam_fw-la habet_fw-la recognoscat_fw-la deinde_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la postea_fw-la vero_fw-la alius_fw-la personas_fw-la pro_fw-la voluntate_fw-la sua_fw-la quicquid_fw-la autem_fw-la diversarum_fw-la patriarum_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la super_fw-la hoc_fw-la teneant_fw-la secundùm_fw-la jura_fw-la regni_fw-la non_fw-la tenetur_fw-la quis_fw-la in_o testamento_fw-la svo_fw-la alicui_fw-la personae_fw-la praecipuè_fw-la nisi_fw-la pro_fw-la voluntate_fw-la sua_fw-la aliquid_fw-la relinquere_fw-la libera_fw-la enim_fw-la dicitur_fw-la esse_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la ultima_fw-la voluntas_fw-la secundùm_fw-la have_v leges_fw-la sicut_fw-la &_o secundùm_fw-la alius_fw-la leges_fw-la the_o other_o two_o to_o one_o effect_n thus_o cuilibet_fw-la autem_fw-la sit_fw-la licitum_fw-la facere_fw-la testamentum_fw-la de_fw-la rebus_fw-la suis_fw-la mobilibus_fw-la &_o se_fw-la moventibus_fw-la &_o quatenus_fw-la superfuerit_fw-la deducto_fw-la aere_fw-la alieno_fw-la scilicet_fw-la debitis_fw-la aliorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n thus_o in_o my_o opinion_n do_v the_o same_o man_n more_o than_o seem_v to_o fight_v with_o and_o contradict_v themselves_o and_o how_o to_o set_v they_o agree_v be_v past_o my_o skill_n but_o indeed_o vix_fw-la tanti_fw-la est_fw-la it_o be_v not_o much_o material_a since_o if_o we_o shall_v admit_v what_o some_o eager_o contend_v for_o this_o rule_n and_o order_n of_o partition_n to_o have_v sometime_o be_v by_o law_n currant_n throughout_o the_o realm_n yet_o by_o general_a disusage_n and_o discontinuance_n it_o be_v now_o and_o that_o not_o late_o antiquate_v and_o vanish_v out_o of_o ure_n both_o in_o this_o of_o kent_n and_o other_o county_n survive_v only_o for_o aught_o i_o hear_v in_o the_o province_n of_o york_n and_o some_o few_o city_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v ever_o be_v revive_v at_o least_o in_o the_o case_n of_o testate_a person_n until_o first_o some_o way_n may_v if_o possible_o be_v find_v how_o to_o dissolve_v this_o knot_n and_o remove_v this_o rub_n of_o flat_a repugnancy_n and_o disagreement_n of_o those_o ancient_a author_n the_o vouch_a patron_n for_o it_o with_o themselves_o in_o the_o point_n i_o for_o my_o part_n save_v better_a judgement_n see_v but_o little_a reason_n and_o further_o than_o thus_o dare_v not_o in_o a_o case_n so_o controvert_v and_o canvas_v by_o learned_a and_o judicious_a lawyer_n interpose_v any_o judgement_n of_o my_o own_o proposition_n iu._n whether_o gavelkynd_n be_v a_o tenure_n or_o a_o custom_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o i_o hope_v to_o usher_v in_o the_o answer_n to_o this_o quaere_fw-la with_o some_o digression_n concern_v tenor_n face_v then_o about_o and_o look_v back_o upon_o the_o time_n before_o the_o conquest_n inquire_v we_o out_o the_o tenor_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v they_o then_o in_o use_n and_o what_o other_o succeed_v in_o their_o place_n afterward_o at_o and_o since_o the_o conquest_n here_o i_o expect_v it_o shall_v be_v grant_v for_o it_o be_v avouch_v i_o be_o sure_a by_o several_a feu●um_n man_n of_o credit_n that_o before_o the_o conquest_n we_o be_v not_o in_o this_o kingdom_n acquaint_v with_o what_o since_o and_o to_o this_o day_n we_o call_v feoda_n foreiner_n feuda_n i._n e._n fief_n or_o fee_n either_o in_o that_o general_a sense_n i_o mean_v wherein_o they_o be_v discourse_v of_o and_o handle_v abroad_o in_o the_o book_n thence_o entitle_v de_fw-fr feudis_fw-la at_o home_n in_o that_o call_v littleton_n tenor_n or_o in_o that_o particular_o understand_v of_o we_o when_o we_o treat_v or_o speak_v of_o knights-fee_n which_o can_v not_o then_o be_v know_v here_o when_o knight_n themselves_o be_v not_o in_o be_v as_o say_v a_o record_n in_o the_o cathedral_n of_o canterbury_n whereof_o more_o 21._o anon_o they_o be_v not_o till_o the_o conqueror_n time_n or_o if_o in_o effect_n they_o be_v know_v to_o we_o yet_o in_o term_n certain_o they_o be_v not_o for_o the_o name_n of_o fee_n or_o feudum_n in_o this_o sense_n be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o our_o record_n or_o monument_n of_o those_o day_n now_o extant_a and_o of_o credit_n if_o myself_o and_o other_o have_v not_o be_v more_o unhappy_a to_o miss_v it_o than_o indiligent_a to_o seek_v it_o it_o be_v true_a it_o occurr_v in_o the_o five_o and_o six_o of_o the_o law_n ascribe_v to_o the_o confessor_n set_v forth_o by_o mr._n lambard_n in_o the_o varia_n lectio_fw-la there_o in_o the_o margin_n but_o beside_o that_o the_o text_n in_o each_o place_n read_v it_o fundo_n those_o law_n i_o take_v it_o for_o the_o most_o part_n especial_o as_o to_o their_o phrase_n carry_v not_o that_o antiquity_n but_o like_o those_o of_o like_a kind_n in_o scotland_n ascribe_v to_o king_n malcolm_n the_o 1._o second_o and_o king_n alureds_n will_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o story_n of_o his_o life_n pen_v by_o asserius_fw-la where_o the_o word_n several_a time_n occurr_n savour_v of_o a_o late_a dress_n the_o like_v no_o doubt_n may_v as_o true_o be_v say_v of_o that_o qui_fw-la in_o feodo_fw-la svo_fw-la in_o the_o old_a latin_a version_n of_o king_n edgar_n law_n follow_v those_o in_o the_o original_a saxon_a set_v forth_o in_o the_o late_a edition_n of_o the_o council_n by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n pag._n 446._o and_o may_v we_o not_o upon_o this_o among_o other_o ground_n question_v those_o charter_n in_o croyland_n ingulphus_n thus_o far_o i_o mean_v as_o to_o doubt_v whether_o many_o if_o not_o the_o most_o of_o they_o speak_v not_o another_o than_o that_o tongue_n in_o which_o they_o be_v original_o pen_v as_o be_v by_o the_o author_n though_o english_a bear_v yet_o afterward_o normanize_v by_o converse_v there_o some_o time_n as_o a_o retainer_n and_o secretary_n to_o duke_n william_n afterward_o conqueror_n and_o king_n of_o england_n who_o story_n be_v pen_v in_o latin_a the_o better_a to_o suit_v with_o it_o teach_v to_o speak_v the_o latin_a of_o his_o time_n and_o late_a master_n native_a country_n upon_o this_o ground_n i_o say_v that_o among_o many_o other_o phrase_n scatter_v here_o and_o there_o not_o in_o use_n with_o the_o saxon_n nor_o ever_o hear_v of_o here_o in_o england_n till_o about_o ingulphus_n own_o time_n such_o as_o averia_fw-la ballivus_fw-la bedellus_fw-la communa_fw-la pasturae_fw-la justiciarius_n for_o be_v factura_fw-la tenura_n weif_n stray_v with_o many_o more_o such_o like_a which_o i_o forbear_v to_o name_n in_o this_o