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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A86055	Natura prodigiorum or, a discourse touching the nature of prodigies. Together with the kinds, causes and effects, of comets, eclipses, and earthquakes. With an appendix touching the imposturism of the commonly-received doctrine of prophecies, spirits, images, sigils, lamens, the christal, &c. and the propugners of such opinions. / By John Gadbury philomathēmatikos.	Gadbury, John, 1627-1704.	1660 (1660)	Wing G91; Thomason E2131_3; ESTC R202414	80,331	276

against the French Egbert of Kent dieth Lothaire slain with a Dart. The Visi-Goths overcome the Gascoigns 687. A very great Comet at Christmas neer the Constellation which is called Virgiliae Mock-Suns seen in England Great controversie in Rome about a new Pope King of Scots slain by the Picts The Emperour defeateth the Sclavi Kenwin the west Saxon dieth 722. In Campania Wheat was rained from Heaven also Barley and Poulse in other parts of Italy Two Comets of great Magnitude were seen in this year The French recover many of their possessions They goe into Germany and subdue the Bavarians and Almans Italy began to chuse themselves several Dukes this year 735. In England a most prodigious Hail Fire seen to flame in the Heaven at Rome An inundation at Constantinople The French enter the Territories of the Goths and destroy their Castles The Lombards aide the French and expel the Romans from the siege of Bononia Pelagius die●h 746. Oyl rained in Spain A Comet in the fashion of a Sword seen this year Crosses fell from heaven upon mens garments An Earthquake in Palestina Fire rain●d in many parts of France A Pestilence in Constantinople for three years which devoured so many that they wanted men to bury their dead Selred the East Saxon slain Emperour beats the Saracens at Cyprus The Huns General slain in Transylvania 761. In the month September this year there hapned a very great ecilpse of the Sun A blazing Star in the East for many days together Ethein of Scotland invadeth Northumberland and is slain A rebellion in Galloway The Bulgarians invade the Empire Dominico deposed by the Venetians for his tyranny his eyes put out 778. A great Eclipse of the Sun Armies of men seen in the Heavens at France It this year rained blood also Earth and ashes fell from Heaven at Rome Telerick the King of Bulgaria is expelled by his people Ethelred leaves England Alswald is murthered by Siga The Spaniard against the Moors they are aided by the French The Emperour slays 6000 men of the Saracens 794. The River overfloweth its Banks and doth much prejudice A very great Earthquake in Crete and Constantinople Alphonsus killeth 70000 of the Moors tak●th Lisbon from them The Danes invade England but all of them almost perished The Armenian Legions rebel 808. The Sun and Moon this year eclipsed contrary to Nature Armies of men appear in the Heavens Mercury seen in the Sun like a black spot Blood rained in Holland The Moors expelled Barcino● Th. P●cts wast Scotland The Bulgarians kill 6000 Greeks and take Sardis The Danes subdue Frizia The Saracens disperse themselves into divers places under six Princes 820. A great and wonderful storm of rain fell that rotted all the Corn in the Fields and inundations that hindred the Countrey-mans sowing Fiery apparitions often seen in the Elements Emperour sends three Armies against the Hungarians A great Famine and Pestilence in France King of England slain by the East-Angles Asia is wasted Constantinople besieged Regner King of Denmark expelled 840. Sparks of fire like stars were seen to run up and down the Heavens A Comet appeared in ♈ A great Eclipse of the ☉ Swarms of Bees in Westchester in England The Saracens overcome by the Emperour Danes invade England and do much mischief there The Moors wast Italy and are expelled The Saracens take Amorium and many Captives Lothair wars with his Brethren and 100000 men slain   This year was prodigious for many Earthquakes Hayls and whirlwinds and many wonderful Thunders and Lightnings that happened in most parts of the world The people of Toledo and Corduba rebel The Scots overcome the English who aided the Picts The Danes enter the Thames with 250 ships They take Canterbury and London and expel the King 870. Great Hayl and Thunders and Lightning at Rome Lightning burnt a Church at Worms An Earthquake in England Danes expell'd Holland Saracens expell'd Ancona They war against the Persian The Danes land in Fife and challenge Pictland for their King 882. The Sun so much obscured that the Stars appeared in the sky in the day time An Earthquake in Normandy A blazing Star this year which was Vertical to Spain Britains invade Scotland Constantine their King is killed Saracens break into Italy and are expelled by the Emperour The Sclavi wast Austria and Bavaria Guido rebels and joyns with the Saracens against the Emperour 912. Four Rainbows seen at once in Scotland Fiery Torches seen in the Air. Many great Floods in Saxony A great Comet and stars were seen to run glittering to and fro in the heavens Vandals invade Greece and many Cities become their Tributaries Saracens take Calabria and many Cities in Italy The Emperour sickneth and dieth 't is thought for his losses to the Hungarian 928. Divers mock-suns seen in Italy and Spain A winter wonderful for the excess of cold Emperour subdues the Vandals and wasts their Countrey The Pope is imprisoned and strangled The Scots assist the Danes but are overcome 940. The Sun appears for certain days together as if it bled Three Comets for a fort-night together were vertical to Germany An Earthquake in France Gonsalvus poysoneth Sancho with an Apple The Russians in a malicious manner persecute the Christians The French King and the Emperour reconcil'd divers Conspirators against the Emperour executed 956. This year produced many strange Prodigies As that wonderful Hayl at Oxford in England Strange lightning killing many Priests in France Mighty Thunders and tempests c. Hungarians invade the Emperour are reconciled to him Bishop of Saltsburg calls 100000 Hungarians into Bavaria they are all slain there and the Emperours eyes pluckt out The Italians war with the Pope 968. Fire fals from Heaven A great Earthquake in France A Comet also appeared Crosses from Heaven fell upon mens Clothes Wonderful encrease of vermine as of Rats and Mice The Empress with Zimisces conspires the death of the Emperour Besda overcomes Leo Phocas who rebels in Asia and sendeth him and 100 of his confederates into Chios Donald murthereth the King of Scotland for refusing to pardon a Thief of his acquaintance 979. An Earthquake in Scotland Armies of fire seen a whole night together in the air This year also there was one born in Rome having two heads Harold King of Denmark is slain by an Arrow The Danes land in Scotland and waste divers places the Scots put them to flight They land in Kent and spoyl the Isle of Thanet 992. Fire rises out of a River saith my author and burns many places in Rhene In Spain three swords appeared in the Heavens like fire The Duke of Bavaria dieth The Danes invade England with a very great Fleet. The King of Denmark is slain by one of his servants 1002. In Lorraine a Fountain of water turned into perfect blood A Comet very horrible to behold casting out flames on every side The Danes being worsted at Oxford fly to Church and are there burnt Otho poyson'd with a pair of Gloves A

Pope is slain by a fall Empeperour kills 14000 Bohemians The King of England forceth Wales to a Peace 1285. A great Earthquake in Italy A Comet of notable greatness seen this year A great swarm of divers coloured flyes and an inundation in England The Norwegians invade Denmark for the Queens Dowry Hungaria wasted by the Cumans Helvetians war against the Emperour they are subdued The King of Sicily dyeth 1300. Launces and Darts of fire seen in the Heavens A great snow A Comet of wonderful magnitude In Germany armed men and horses were seen in the air The English beat the Scots The Turks invade the Empire and do great mischief there The Pope writes himself universal Lord in Spirituals and Temporals Flanders is invaded and many Nobles taken prisoners 1310. An Earthquake in England The Elements seem to burn many days together A boy born with four arms and two bodies Polonians subdue Pomerania Rhodes is taken from the Turks Robert Bruce wasteth Scotland and expels the English Earl of Cornwel banished The Emperour burneth Brixia 1322. In England for six houres together the sun appeared as blood In Germany a great Earthquake Two Crosses appeared in the Heavens And there appeared a fiery Circle about the sun The Scots oppose the King of England and put him to flight The King of Bohemia taketh Silesia and divers places in Lusatia The Emperour is taken in battel and is imprisoned three years 1337. This year there were two Comets together one of which continued four moneths the other but three Blood rained in Rome Wonderful flocks of Crows and Daws seen in Germany The Lituanians burn themselves their wives children and goods to avoid the taking The French burn South-hampton in England The Scythians wast Thrace and take many Captives King of Sicily dieth 1348. Divers mock-suns appeared this year The Heavens seemed to burn There were divers small beasts rained from the Heavens in the Eastern parts of the world A great Plague in England The English beat the Scots and recover much from them Polanders conquer Russia fully A great Plague in Venice which consumeth many people The English do much spoile at Lowthian in Scotland 1365. In England there were armed men seen in the Heavens and fiery Launces in Italy Grashoppers cover Switzerland like snow The Russians which rebelled in Poland are subdued King of France expell'd his Kingdom The King of Swevia taken in battel The Turks expel the Christians from Adrianople 1376. A Comet with a beard seen in the Heavens many nights together Grashoppers spoyl France Inundations in Germany A very great Earthquake there In Gand 5000 houses burnt 17 Towns in Flanders drowned The Christians kill 2000 Turks in Bosna by a stratagem The French burn Rye and Hastings and take the Isle of Wight The Scots burn Roxburg 1388. A blazing fire in the Heavens which burned for two Months together At Oxford the Image of a head spake thus viz. Caput decidetur Caput elevabitur Pedes elevabuntur super caput The head shall be cut off The head shall be lift up The feet shal be elevated above the head A great Sedition in Oxford among the Scholars many of them dislike the Government An Army of 40000 raised by the Duke of Glocester Earles of Warwick Darby and Notingham with 50000 Christians slain in the plains of Casovia Very great Factions in France 1399. A running River in Bedfordshire in England divides it self A blazing Star this year that shot wonderful beams of fire from it Scotland wasted by the English The Frisons rebel in Holland Sigismond executed 32 of the Nobles in Hungary The Pope imprisoned by the King of France The Duke of Hereford being Banished returns into England 1415. Strange Prodigies this year in Britain A Dragon encountring a Lyon in the Air. Armies of fire seen fighting and overcoming in the Heavens An Eclipse of the sun The English and the French fight the French loose 20000 men 10000 kill'd upon the place and other 10000 taken Pope Gregory dies English invade Normandy King of Spain sells the Canaries to the King of Sevil. The Valentians made tributary to the Turks 1428. Great snows in Germany A mighty Earthquake in Italy A Winter wonderful for cold to all parts of the Northern Countries Danes spoil 30 ships of great valve that belonged to the Vandals and Hamburgers The Turks take Thessalonica from the Venetians The English lose much in France 1439. A Comet of mighty magnitude in Poland Swarms of Bees in England go a progress An Earthquake in Hungaria Emperour goeth against the Turks and dieth Polanders waste Silesia France twice beaten by the English in Normandy The Marshal of France burnt for sorcerie King of Bohemia dieth 1484. An Earthquake in Naples A wonderful snow in Germany and fiery darts seen in the skie The sun is this year Eclipsed The Tartars invade Podolia and are expelled English invade Scotland but are repelled Huniades defeateth the Turks in Russia The Vatican Library erected 1460. In England three suns appeared A mighty Tempest at Venice In Poland there was seen saith my author an Image of Christ crucified with a sword to pass along the air from West to South for two hours King of England is taken at Northampton Venetians war with the Turk The Civil war of France begins The war continueth in Germany about the Archbishoprick of Mentz A rebellion in France against the Queen for the Princes death 1470. Hail of wonderful greatness fell at Rome the stones whereof weighed 8 ounces In Germany Hail-stones fell as big as Goose eggs The Turks take Sabotz in Hungary They waste Germany King of Sicily with the Venetians war against the Turks The Venetians spoyl Lesbos and Pergamus 1478. The Sun darkned without an Eclipse Flocks of Grashoppers in Italy A glorious star seen to run along the Firmament Armies in Switzerland Fighting in the Air this year also The Turks waste Carinthia And the Tartars waste Podolia The Hungarians defeat the Turks and take 30000 Captives from them The Inquisition instituted in Castile against the Moors and Jews The Transylvanians overcome the Turks 1492. Great ●nundations in England An Eclipse of the sun A great Comet three suns in Pol●nd Another Comet lasting two months In Rome the kie was seen to be on fire many nights together The English go against the French The ●●ws exp●lled Spain The King of Poland dy●th The Ganthoys rebel in Flanders The Hungarians enter Mysia and return thence with much booty 1500. A great fiery Dragon and of monstious shape seen at Lucren A Comet for 18 days together in Poland An inundation in Germany Turks take Modon● and many other places from the Venetians A Rebellion in France The French and Spania●ds ex●el Frederick from Naples The Turks dest●oy many of the French Spaniards and Venetians 1510. 'T is strange to relate for in this year saith my Author there fell twelve hundred stones from Heaven some weighing sixty pound others more viz. 120 l. which if true serves

as a good Argument to prove the other Planets habitable The Lubeckers waste Denmark King of England goeth into France and besiegeth Turwyn Bajazet the Turk is poysoned The Spaniards take Tripolis They war in Navarr The Lubeckers worst the Danes at sea The Switzers invade France and do much mischief there 1521. Three suns with a Rainbow seen at Vienna A great burning Torch suddenly after A Circle and Cross appears with the Moon A burning Beam in Germany Venetians aid the Hungarians against the Turks The French loose Milan English and French quarrel Emperour invades Picardy King Henry the Eighth writes against the Pope 1530. A very great Comet that passed through Cancer Leo and Virgo was visible to all Europe A very great inundation in Holland In Holland 404 Parishes drown'd with all their people and cattel The Turks take Buda in Hungaria Cardinal Woolsey dies The Clergy fined and paid to the King 100000 l. for divers misdemeanors 1539. A bloody star and Cross were seen flying in the air Armed men swords and funerals were seen to walk in the air in Germany A blazing star this year A great fire in Constantinople which burnt the Goal and consumed 700 Prisoners therein The Irish Invade the English and are beaten The Ganthois mutiny and behead their Magistrates 1550. Corn rained from Heaven in Carinthia Three suns seen in England An earthquake and bowls of fire seen in the Elements Armies of men seen in the air in Saxony The sun seemed to cleave in sunder Great troubles at Antwerp The sweating sickness in England the French War with the Emperour The Duke of Somerset in England executed for Felony The Queen of Swevia dyeth Th● Pyrats carry 6000 Captives out of the Isle of Gaul neer to Malta 1562. An Earthquake in Constantinople Clashing of weapons in the Elements and armed men seen there Much thunder in England Five suns seen in Holland English take many Towns in France A great plague in England Muscovites invade Livonia 9000 slain at Dreux in Normandy among which the King of Navarr Danes and Lubeckers invade Swevia Polanders beat the Livonians 1568. Many Locusts in France The Heavens seem all on fire in Hungary In England when the true moon was under the earth appears a moon and a cross with a refulgent star at the top thereof Third Civil War in France King of Swedland deposed and imprison'd Prince of Conde taken and shot to death with a Pistol Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland rebel Selymus invadeth Cyprus The Polanders and Danes fight at Sea 1579. A fiery Dragon and great troops of Ravens flew through the air in Germany A great tempest in Bohemia An Earthquak● in Holland Armies in the heavens seen at Antwerp Two armed men in Gelderland seen in the air Polanders take Livonia and Polotia from the Muscovite Popish Clergie expelled Antwerp by the people The Emperour prohibit●th the protestant Religion at Aken Uraniburg Castle built by the most noble and ever to be honoured Tycho Brahe 1602. An Earthquake in Eng●and A Comet of very great magnitude appeared Armies of men seen in the air in France Swarms of Grashoppers in Germany Spaniards invade Ireland but beaten thence Swedes att●mpt Livonia in vain Basta d ●e teth the Transylvan●●n and killeth the Vayv●d of Valachia The Turks loose Alla regalis and 60000 men Qu. of Engl. dyeth 1610. Fiery Darts and Launces seen in th● heavens Four Crosses seen at once in the air in Spain Very great thunder and an Ea●thquake there also Danes War with the Sweds Persians invade Babylon and kill 20000 m●n Kin● of France is slain Polonians overcome the Muscovites 900000 Morisques ex●el'd Spain 1616. Divers mock-suns in the West of England An inundation in Holland The shape of an Elephant in the air s●en in Germ●ny A Lyon was heard as my author saith to roar in the air Archbishop of Spalato into England Venetians war with Ferdinand of Austria Hollanders beat the Spaniards in the South Sea The Tartars invade Podolia they burn four Cities and 400 Villages and carry with them thence much booty 1622. Three suns appeared at Heidelburg An Earthquake in Italy Many prodigious lightnings rains in France Circles seen about the sun an● moon in England The Jesuites and Papists expel'd the Netherlands Duke of Brunswick lost his Arm in battel A great dearth in Moravia and Silesia Bergen in Norway almost consumed by fire 1627. Two Armie were seen to figh● in the air in Pom●rania A great fiery beam in France seen in the air An Earthquake in England Polanders recover many places from the Tartars Persians beat the Turks English take the Isle of Ree and loose it again The Hollander beats the Spaniard in the Indies 1635. An inundation at Rome Five moons seen in No●mandy at once Italy this year brought forth many monsters A Sickness at Rome Division in Scotland about Religion Hollander and Spaniard fight at Sea A great Plague at Venice The Spaniards beat the French 1638. Six suns seen in Cornwall at once several apparitions of men in the heavens preparing to fight with each other also Navies of ships in 1639. An Eclipse of ☉ Scots begin to rebel against England The King goes in person to appease them They rout the Bishops and turn high Presbyters The Hollanders beat the Spaniards Fleet. The Irish massacre the English 1645. Many apparitions this year seen in the North of England Divers Parelia's or mock-suns An Eclipse of the sun in ♌ All England together by the Eares The Civil war prevaileth The Scots return home again in 1646. The English go into Ireland and subdue it 1652. A great Eclipse of the sun Two of the m●on A two-handed sword seen in the air in Cheshire Armies of men encountring each other in the air seen in the North A Comet in ♉ and ♊ The English subdue Scotland And beat the Dutch at Sea They beat the French at Sea this year also The Lord General Cromwel in 1653. made Lord Protector of all Britain and Ireland 1654. An eclipse of the sun An Earthquake in the West of England Apparitions in the air in the North of England A very great rain in Bohemia The King of the Romans and the Pope of Rome dies English take Jamaica and war with Spain English and Sweds unite Cardinal Ghisi made Pope in 1655. The Polanders routed by the Swede 1656. An Earthquake in Cheshire doing much harm viz. sinking the ground and rending up many Trees by the roots to the great damage of the Country In Nov. 1656. A fiery Dragon seen in the air in Scotland In 1658. August A great Whale came up to Greenwich neer London a thing seldom known before The English land in Flanders and take Mardike from the Spaniards they grow angry thereat and wars between them grow high King of Denmark twice invaded by the King of Sweden In 1658. Dunkirk taken by the English Oliver Cromwel dies Rich. Cromwell confidently succeeds him in Government as if it had been his

occiditur i. e. This day shall Julian be slain in Persia And according to the report of Zonarus he was so I have heard some Astrologers contend that some skilful person might have the Nativity of Julian and knowing the time he was to fight his enemies observing the direction he was then under together with the Revolution and Transits concurring he might thence according to the influence only of the Stars therein predict his being slain by his so fighting at an unfortunate time The thing I know is probable and may be done by Astrologie but until I can see his Nativity to inform me thorowly in what I conclude probable I am content to let it pass as my Author hath done for a Celesti●l Prodigie But above all that may be looked upon as a Prodigie in the highest degree which my worthy friend Cap. Wharton in his Ephemeris for the yeer 1655. hath transcribed from one Tackius a Germane Doctor of Physick which he Tackius makes mention out of one Casper to have appeared in the yeer of our Lord 1554. not far from the City of Harmsted in Transylvania which was observed in the Heavens to be read being in fair and Legible Characters thus I. N. R. I. M. D. L. V. I. I. A. R. E. I. N. E. N. D. E. D. I. S. E. S. R. E. I. C. H. S. Nay the same Author further averreth that at Friburg the same yeer on a very fair day Dom. nostrum Jesum Christum Iridi insidentem conspectum fuisse Our Lord Jesus Christ was beheld sitting upon a Rainebow as if upon his Tribunal to denounce the universal judgment For Castles Cities and Towns to be besieged in the Air and the many and divers actions and gestures of men both Commanders Souldiers pertaining thereunto as it hapned not many yeers since in Poland and Muscovia perhaps as the Messenger of that sad misery the Polander hath lately been sensible of The like prodigious apparition hapned in the North of England in the yeer 1655. Nor hath it wanted corresponding effects Then for the Similitudes or likeness of persons known to the Spectators to appear in the Heavens as that of the Emperour Charls unto whom the Spectators did obeisance supposing it to have been him in reality by putting off their Caps unto him Or that of John Frederick Prince Elector of Saxonic who at the same time was Prisoner to the Emperour And I very well remember that in the yeer 1649. the very yeer in which Charls late King of England was beheaded it was generally I will not I cannot say truly reported that he without his head was seen to hover in the Air over White-hall the place where he was beheaded many nights together Nay I have heard some affirm That he was seen sometimes with his George upon his breast in the manner and form as he wore it when he came on the Scaffold And that sometimes again he was seen to appear in his watchet-Wastcote only Neither of these sights did I ever see nor can enjoyn any ones faith to believe However if the report were true and I know not what advantage any man can reap by reporting such things as these if they were not it may very well be aspected as a thing prodigious and remarkable Again for Circles and Crowns and Images c. to appear in the Heavens of different and various colours And for Crosses also as in the yeer of Christ 1568. in England on the 25 day of January at what time as Mr. Stow recordeth there appeared a great shining Cross in the Heavens with a Star on the top and a Moon at the lower end thereof Then for chasms chaps or gapings in the clouds such as so often appeared in the yeers of Christ 1644. and 1645. in England the South and West parts thereof And in Scotland about 1649. and 1650. after which and very suddenly after that Nation underwent an unheard-of Catastrophe or Change For darkness to appear in the day-time without an Eclipse of the Sun is a coelestial Prodigie and a thing against nature as that in the time of Commodus 187 yeers post Christum when it was observed to be so dark that the Stars were seen all day long And in the yeer 264. post Christum there was continual darkness at Rome divers days together Or that at the passion of our blessed Redeemer which Dionysius Areopagita being at Athens saw and cryed out as you may read in his Epistle to Polycarpus Aut mundi Autorem pati vel machinam ejus dissolutum iri i. e. That either the God of Nature then suffered or else the fabrick of the whole world should be dissolved Then Comets and blazing Stars c. Peucer in his Meteorologie makes mention of one that appeared in the yeer of Christ 607. and blazed for the space of thirty and two days together And the same Author telleth us of another that hapned in the yeer 1043. which blazed for many weeks together Alstedius in Chronologia Com. 104. relates that in the yeer 1363. there appeared a Comet of immense Magnitude and continued three Months together Such also were they that appeared in the Chair of Cassiopoeia and in the yeer 1618. in Scorpio Libra Virgo and of late that in the yeer 1652. which hapned in ♊ and ♉ Then there are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 parelia or mock-Suns i. e. Solis imagines as Peucer calls them images or shadows of the Sun And 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 paraselenae or mock-Moons i. e. Lunae Imagines Besides divers sorts of Meteors which in their kinds are Prodigies also caused of fumes hot dry as burning Torches such as were seen in the Air to burn in the years 3871. and 3873. at what time they blazed so strangely in the Heavens that they made them to seem all on fire in the sight of the beholders Or that which appeared at Rome Anno Christi 999. January 19. which burned wonderfully in the Heavens insomuch saith mine Author that not onely they which were in the fields but also those whi●h were within doors were stricken with that so great a shining as with lightning breaking in upon them Dr. Bateman is my Authour for this relation Doome fol. 207. Then burning Beams such as were observed to fall from Heaven in a most dreadful and hideous manner at Rome in the sixteenth yeer of Christ Then there are according to Meteorologists Fromundus Meurer and others Pillars both round Pyramidal Spears or Darts Launces or Swords leaping Goats wandring and licking lights Ignes fatui or foolish fires shooting Stars flying Dragons Besides many other sorts of Prodigies and Meteors whose causes c. I am content to pretermit here that I may meet them the more conveniently in the fourth part This therefore shall suffice for answer to the first Question viz. What a Prodigie is and also for the particulars that append unto it and so I arrive at the second Quest 2. Whether a Prodigie have a Natural cause

to be the only instrumental cause and the bringer of Prodigies forth It therefore freely follows and that by sufficient proof That Prodigies have a Natural cause And so I descend unto my third Question Quest 3. Whether Prodigies are the Antecedents of worldly changes Resp For answer unto this Question I shall begin with the authority of the Learned Molineus fol. 160. Non est negandum coelestia vel aëria ostenta saepe fuisse praenuntia calamitatum We may not deny saith he that the Heavenly or aërial Prodigies are oftentimes the Messengers or Ambassadors of misery and calamity unto mankind In the year of our Lord saith Lycosthenes and from him Dr. Bateman 1500. there appeared a Comet of a dreadful greatness for eighteen days together in the North under the tropical sign Capricorn and saith he the same year the Tartarians spoyled Russia and Polonia Dubartas as paraphrased by J. S. in his second days work fol. 16. goeth farther and saith The Drops of fire which weeping Heaven did showr Upon Lucania when Rome sent the flowr Of Italy into the wealthy clime Which Euphrates fats with his fruitful slime Presag'd that Parthians should the next year tame The Proud Lucanians and nigh quench their name The clash of Arms and clang of Trumpets heard High in the Air when valiant Romans-war'd Victo●iously on the now canton'd Suisses Almans and Cymbrians One speaking of Prodigies adorns this truth further thus Solet enim benignissimum Numen ubi mensura flagitiorum nostrorum ad plenitudinem venit vindictam hic potius temporariam quam aeternam parat naturalium istorum effectuum occasione uti terrore illo ad poenitentiam sui respectum convertere It is thus in English The wise Creator of heaven and earth is wont when the measure of our wickedness comes to an height rather to inflict upon us temporal then eternal punishments and to use for our amendments the occasions of these Natural effects thereby to convert us with the terrour of those sights to a repentance and dutiful respect of him And the same Author speaking of Prodigies in another place saith In mundo multos significant effectus mirabiles i. e. In the world Apparitions and Prodigies do signifie and declare many wonderful and remarkable effects Nec est quisquam nisi cuius animus ab religione plane obrutuit qui ad fulmina fragorem tonitruum aut cruenti cometae aspectum non tangatur metu Cometam qui dicitur Xiphias portendere bella experientis comprobatum est Pogoniam presignificare mortem regum Quam ominosa fuerit stella crinita 1607. testantur tot calamitates urbium Ecclesiarum projecta cadavera Saith Molineus Neither is there any unless such a one who hath no Religion who is not affrighted at lightning and the clashing noise of Thunder and the sight of an horrible Comet A Comet like a Sword as we have sufficiently proved by experience portends wars And a Comet with a Beard doth signifie the death of Kings how ominous that stella Crinita or Blazing Star which appeared in 1607 was so many calamities of Cities and desolation of Churches sadly testifies The Holy Scripture seals this truth and adds abundant weight thereunto as most fully appears from that sign in the Heavens which appeared to the children of Israel in Egypt Exod. Chap. 13. And that also in Joshua's time of the Suns standing still Josh Chap. 10. But especially in those two memorable ones ●t the birth and death of our Saviour Mat. Chap. 2. c. Nay if we consult History we shall find That there hath never been any notable Apparition or Prodigie seen in the Heavens but it hath been attended in the seq●el with some more then ordinary 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or change here on earth And it is a right-handed and sublime truth that God maketh use of the Heavens and Elements for the discovery of his mind and intent unto the world as well as of the tongues of his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or messengers viz. his Prophets and Apostles yea he speaks unto mankinde by them as the Kingly Psalmist hymneth Psal 19.2 Dies ad Diem eructat Sermonem nox ad noctem ostendit Scientiam Our Translation renders it Day unto day uttereth speech night unto night knowledge The intercourse of day and night speaks or declares the mind of God unto mankind generally But when the days or nights are chequered with Prodigies or sights unusual then do they discover the mind and intent of the most high unto mankind more particularly Loquitur cum hominibus Deus non modò lingua humanâ per Prophetas Apostolos Pastores sed non-nunquam etiam ipsis Elementis in formas imagines diversas compositis saith one God speaks with men not only with the tongues of men by Prophets Apostles and Teachers but sometimes also by the Elements composed or wrought into divers forms and shapes Tertullian after an enumeration of many wonderful apparitions and Prodigies cries out Omnia haec signa sunt imminentis irae Dei That they are all signs of the imminent wrath of God Nay Dubartas illustrates it yet further Sec. days work fol. 14. Here in the night appears a flaming Spire There a fierce Dragon folded all in fire Here a bright Comet there a fiery stream Here flying Launces there a burning beam Here seems a horned Goat environ'd round With fiery Flakes about the Air to bound There with long bloody hair a blazing Star Threatning the world with Famine Plague and war To Princes death to kingdoms many crosses To all estates inevitable Losses To Herds-men Rot To Plow-men hapless seasons To Saylors Storms To Cities civil Treasons Then the which what can be more plain to prove that Prodigies are not onely the Antecedents but the ordinary and usual Antecedents of worldly changes I willingly pretermit an infinite number of examples in this kind as the many and admirable Prodigies pre-curring and presaging the death of Caesar and the innumerable company of Ravens seen in the Air before Alexander the Great passed from Media into Babylon and the perfect companies of Armed men seen in the Air at the time the Greeks had a conflict with the Persians and the fiery Spears seen in the Air before the Sabines invaded the Romans and the three Suns that appeared in the Heavens and in a strange manner contended each with other for superiority not long before the cruel contention that happened between Galba Otho and Vitellius for the Empire of Rome And the four Suns that appeared besides the true Sun in the year 1233. which presaged that unappeasable quarrel between Henry the third King of England and the Lords of the kingdom and also the forerunner of that sad devastation to England by fire and sword it being then consumed and utterly destroyed from Wales to Salisbury with many more reserving them for the second part of this Treatise And so I shall close this answer with that divine saying of

Marquess banished the Court afterward slain 1022. Swarms of Locusts in France Milk rained at Rome A very great Eclipse of the Sun This year there was such unseasonable weather that many dyed through too much heat Divers Polonians rebel against the Christians The Emperour overcometh the Greeks in Italy Bodessaus of Bohemia looseth Cracovia Polanders subdue Russia and make it Tributary The Vandals wast Saxony and take Brandenburg 1043. A multitude of snakes were seen this year at Rome Five Suns at once appeared in England Stella Crinita or an hairy Comet very great appeared this year The Emperour overcometh the Russians who invade his Territories A great Famine in Germany and France The Prussians invade Polonia and there are 15000 slain and 2000 taken The Irish and Welch enter Severn and do a great deal of harm 1058. A great encease of Rats and Mice Stones of a mighty greatness mixt with Hayl fell from Heaven and killed many Two blazing stars this year vertical to Poland The Saxons rebel against the Emperour 26000 are drowned in a Pitfal by the stratagem of two Bishops in Holland as they came against the Earl of Flanders Russians rebel in Poland are reduced by Boleslaus 1076. Three Suns seen at Naples A fiery dart ran up and down in the Heavens In Italy women appeared in the Air of admirable shapes which mightily amazed the beholders The Emperour deposeth the Pope and the Pope the Emperour and also excomunicateth him The Turks take Rhodes and Cyprus The Hollanders overcome the Frisons Northumberland in England wasted 1086. A great inundation in Italy Four Moons at once in France seen also in England Many tame fowl became perfectly wild The Saxons defeat the Emperour The Turkish Emperour dieth The King of England dieth Edmund and Ethelred banished by Donald their uncle They dy in England 1094. A fiery dart in the Heavens that through its violence flew from North to South A great Earthquake in England Horrible noises in the ground with strange groanings at Rome The King of Poland envied by the Nobles causeth many of them to be banished Piedro of Spain taketh Osca and killeth 30000 Moors The English invade Normandic again Bretislaus obtayneth the Kingdom of Bohemia by the aid of the Hungarians 1101. This was a year very remarkable for Monsters Syracuse shaken with an Earthquake Three Suns a sword and crown seen in Germany in the Heavens A Comet of wonderful greatness Conradus dieth in Italy The Russians invade Polonia and are expel'd by Boleslaus In England the Earl of Shrewsbury warreth against the King Earl of Flanders takes Cambray a League between the English and the Scots 1116. Fiery Armies in the Heavens seen in Germany Many Earthquakes and very great whirlwinds Earl of Campeign rebelleth is aided by Henry Bruges in Flanders burnt Polonia wasted The Emperour excommunicated by the Pope 1135. A very great inundation in Flanders Holland and Freezeland In England a great Earthquake Great whirlwinds in France The light of the sun moon ad visum fails Many people perish in Flanders Judea miserably wasted by the Infidels King of England surfeits of Lampreys and dies Baldwin de Redvers fortifies Exeter against Steven Is taken and banished 1147. Great Thunders at Rome An Earthquake in England Several bowls of fire seen in the Heavens A multitude of small wormes Blood rained Strange lightning in Rome Lewis of France with an Army invades Syria He is taken prisoner by the Greeks rescued by the King of Sicily Alphonsus of Spain taketh Lisborn and Saint Iren from the Moors The King of Sweden slain 1158. A very great pillar of fire appeared in the Heavens in Germany A great Eclipse of the Sun Two Dragons seen to fight in the air in Swedland The Emperour goeth against the Armenians The Pope submitteth to the Emperour Repenteth thereof and excommunicateth him Venetians deny aid to the Greek Emperour against the King of Sicily 1169. In this year there appeared three Suns and three Moons besides the true ones There hapned also a very great Earthquake Syraconus killeth the Sultan of Egypt English invade Cumberland Catana in Sicily destroyed with 19000 people by an Earthquake The Romans rase Alba. 1178. A wonderful inundation in England Two Armies were seen in the Heavens in Italy to fight a fierce battel An Eclipse of the sun this year English and Scots Quarrel The Spaniards take several Places from the Navarrs Miscelaus by the help of Casimir recovereth his Patrimony in Polonia Wars between the French and the Flemming 1185. This year a very great Eclipse of the sun A great Earthquake also An Eclipse of the Moon likewise and armies in the air environ'd with fire seen in Greece The Moors defeated by the Spaniards and their King slain The greatest part of Bruges burnt Baldwin King of Jerusalem the fifth of that name poysoned by his mother A rebellion in England The Greeks loose 70 Sail of Ships by Pyrats 1198. Great Stones rained from Heaven An Earthquake in the East which overthrew many cities Blood rained in England Two fiery swords in the Heavens seen in Spain Castile and Arragon invade Navarr The Sultan of Iconium swallowed of an Earthquake Harold Earl of of Cathue in Scotland cuts out the Bishops tongue c. And the King puts out his eyes and hangeth him and causeth his Male Children to be gelt 1212. A Comet appeared for 18 days together Shapes all bloody were seen in the Heavens A star with a Cross and a half Moon seen in Italy The Spaniards slay 200000 Moors The Pope giveth England to Philip of France who striveth for it The Flemmish with the English take 300 sayl of ships from him and burn 100 more The King of Arragon slain 1234. A great Eclipse of the Sun strange sights in the Moon viz. she which of her self is Globular appeared with six squares The sun darkned so much that the stars were seen King of Bulgaria puts out the Emperours eyes Vienna subjected to the Empire The Latines besieged in Constantinople but relieved by the Venetians The King of England and his Nobles quarrel but are reconciled The King of Poland dyeth 1243. A great Comet fearful to behold A hill of an immense magnitude removes out of its place A noyse like Trumpets in the air heard in Italy A great Plague in Greece A miserable Famine in Constantinople King of the Cumans slain The Infidels take Hierusalem and slay many Prisoners 1255. A great Comet appeared Strange lightning from Heaven The sea overflows in many places of England Dismal and strange noises heard in the air The Geneveses take Venice and are expelled again Duke of Lituania invadeth Massovio and Prussia Five petty Kings of the Moors expell'd Spain Venetians take Padua Eccelin comes thither and kills 12000 Citizens 1277. A very great rain at Rhene A sky at midnight as bright as the day in Poland Four suns in Russia An Earthquake in England The Turks win all the lesser Asia from the Greeks The

just due Nay the people of England send such sugred Addresses to him that he believ●d himself to be what they flatteringly stiled him King of Sweden looses much and dies 1658. 1659. A very great inundation in Holland drowning 36000 acres of ground A great eclipse of the ☉ in Scorpio Nov. 4. Lofty and strange unwonted winds An Earthquake in Naples Great rains in France An inundation at Blackwall London overflowing many acres of ground In May 1650. The long Parliament return'd turn d out Rich. Cromwell then turn'd out by Lambert and others th●mselves A Committee of Safety set up Lord Gen. Monck troubled to behold the confusion of the English Proceedings marches out of Scotland and after the Committee of Safety was fallen brings in the secluded Members The long Parliam dissolv'd They call anothe● which Restores his Royal Majesty King Charls the 2. to his just Rights and Priviledges whom God preserve with a long and happy reign over us 1660. Thus much may serve for the second part of this Book viz. a Catalogue of Prodigies remarkable since the Birth of Christ with the Effects attending them Whence I journey to my third particular promised and that is Something touching Comets and Eclipses But first note that many of the things mentioned in the Column of Effects did fall out sometimes the next year following the time of the Prodigies happening but mostly they are attributed to the particular years as any ingenious Chronologer may discern And let the Reader understand that although I have appropriated those many and several accidents of Countries unto the several Prodigies hapning therein yet I deny not the Co-operation of the Coelestial bodies therewith according to the strength of their configurations in the production of such rare and admirable Effects The ingenious Reader I judge is not so low orbed as to stand in need of this Advertisement Ergo I intend it not for his use or instruction But 1. to prevent the over-heated Conception of the Cynical adversaries to Art for I foresee some such will happen on this Book And 2. to strengthen the weaker fancy who is often found willing to be wading in Rivers of this Nature that he may not in stead of refreshing drown himself SECT III. Something touching Comets Eclipses and Earthquakes THis Section I shall divide into three parts or subsections and those subjections I shall sub-divide again as the occasion or matter requireth Subsect 1. Of Comets Because things in order look the best I shall divide this member or subsection into the following particulars 1. Of the names and kinds of Comets 2. Of what they are ingendred 3. Of the colour of Comets 4. Of their final Cause 1. Of the names and kinds of Comets To let pass all impertinent Circumstances and come closely to the matter in hand Cometa seu 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. a Comer is so called from Coma which signifieth the hair of the head or rather a bush of hairs after the vulgar or more general acceptation or if we shall speak with the learned Cicero 't is concinnatam Sydus a Star having curled or crisped hair Or if you please thus a Comet is an unusual apparition consisting of Exhalations hot and dry the site and motion of which is contrary to that of the fixed or Erratique Stars Aristotle that great master of reason Lib. 1. Met. C. 8. makes only two sorts of Comets or blazing Stars viz. Crinita and Barbata The first are those that dilate or extend their Rays or Beams like hairs on every side equally The second are those whose Beams are extended to a very great length or that seem to have a Beard Mane or Tayl directly poynting one way Another divided Comets into two sorts à Motu substantia from their Motion and substance Alii ardorem undique fundunt nec locum mutant alii in unam partem ignem vagum in modum comae porrigunt stellas permeant i. e. Some Comets there be that stretch forth or extend their ardor and light on every side and do not change their place and there are others that cast forth a wandering or unconstant fire like the hair of ones head toward one part only and so passeth through the Stars Astro●ogers unto whom the study of such things doth principally belong Ab efficienti causa From the efficient cause of Comets divide them into seven Species or kinds agreeable to the number and nature of the seven Planets or Erratique Stars Terming some of them Saturnine others Jovial Some Martial some Solar others Mercurial c. of which you may read in Franciscus Junctinus his Spect. Astral De Cometis But the great Naturalist Pliny in his Natural History Lib. 2. Cap. 15. reckoneth up twelve kindes of Comets bearing these following Names and Figures 1. Crinita An hairy Comet horrible to behold equally inflamed round with bloody shagged hairs like a bush or hair of the head 2. Barbata A Bearded Star or Comet casting forth his Beams or Flames to a very great length 3. Jaculum A Dart or Javeling because it brandisheth its rayes in the form or shape thereof 4. Gladius a Knife Sword or Dagger the head of which appeareth like to the hilt of a Sword but the Rayes rather resemble a Dagger or a Knife 5. Disc●us so called when it resembleth in shape or form a dish or ●latter i. e. when it is of figure broad and round and dilateth slender rayes round about equally 6. Pithetes which very much resembleth the shape of a Tun hiding the obscure and smoakie beams in the very middle thereof as in a hollow concave 7. Ceratias a Comet casting a flame crooked or bowed like a horn or like the head of a Crosiers staff 8. A Lampas or Lampadias which bears the similitude of a burning Lamp or Torch issuing out flames in the Heavens 9. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hippeus Equinum sydus is a Star representing the mane of a Horse most swift in motion 10. Hercus a Comet invironed with some kind of haits and a man● seemingly ro●gh and hairy by the slender fibrae of its beams 11. Argyrocomus or Argenticomus which is a Star or Comet silver-hair'd being very white and thin in it's shining 12. Hasta a Comet in the form of a Spear which some Naturalists call veru a spit or broach and Perticam a Perch These are the several names and kinds of Comets according to the best of Authors I come next to speak 2. Of what Comets are Engendred In this particular Authors are very much differing in their opinions for some there be that think Comets to be souls of illustrious men triumphing in Heaven or fires conveyed to and fro by the power of spirits and Bodine was a chief maintainer hereof Others there are that judge a Comet not to be any thing real and distinct from other pre-existent bodies but rather a meer Emphasis or apparency made by the reflection or refraction of Solar and Lunar Rays Another