charge_n which_o indeed_o be_v a_o thing_n we_o hear_v not_o of_o in_o late_a time_n but_o that_o so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o and_z edward_z the_o first_o the_o record_n etc._n of_o those_o time_n do_v testify_v but_o afterward_o the_o universal_a custody_n of_o the_o sea_n except_v only_o what_o be_v extraordinary_a be_v commit_v by_o our_o king_n to_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n and_o to_o they_o alone_o or_o their_o deputy_n and_o appertain_v unto_o they_o now_o by_o a_o unquestionable_a right_n but_o when_o any_o person_n be_v entrust_v with_o that_o guardianship_n or_o custody_n the_o possession_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n who_o intrust's_n or_o give_v we_o he_o the_o authority_n be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o government_n or_o command_n which_o also_o be_v confirm_v by_o word_n most_o express_a and_o home_n to_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n that_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n xxviii_o hereafter_o mention_v which_o be_v exhibit_v by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_z philip_z the_o fair_a king_n of_o france_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n assert_v from_o those_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n thereof_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n chap._n xv._o concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n there_o be_v very_o ample_a ancient_a testimony_n all_o along_o since_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v already_o mention_v touch_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o a_o little_a confirm_v it_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o tribute_n impose_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v call_v danegeld_v of_o who_o original_a and_o use_v we_o have_v 11._o already_o speak_v be_v wont_v now_o and_o then_o to_o be_v pay_v heretofore_o under_o the_o norman_a king_n after_o the_o word_n there_o cite_v out_o of_o the_o ancient_a dialogue_n touch_v the_o exchequer_n about_o the_o payment_n thereof_o before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n it_o immediate_o follow_v we_o thus_o in_o the_o same_o dialogue_n in_o his_o reign_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o â—â—igâ—_n of_o william_n the_o first_o the_o dane_n as_o well_o as_o other_o robbert_n of_o land_n and_o sea_n restrain_v the_o invasion_n of_o enemy_n know_v this_o to_o be_v true_a which_o be_v write_v when_o a_o strong_a man_n arm_v keep_v his_o his_o house_n he_o possess_v his_o good_n in_o peace_n for_o they_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o resolute_a and_o valiant_a man_n will_v not_o let_v injury_n pass_v unrevenged_a therefore_o whereas_o the_o laâ—d_n have_v pay_v it_o along_o time_n in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n they_o be_v unwilling_a to_o pay_v that_o every_o year_n which_o have_v be_v exact_v upon_o urgent_a necessity_n in_o time_n of_o war_n but_o yet_o they_o will_v not_o have_v it_o whole_o cashier_v because_o of_o sudden_a occasion_n therefore_o it_o be_v seldom_o pay_v in_o his_o reign_n or_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o successor_n that_o be_v only_o then_o when_o they_o either_o have_v or_o suspect_v a_o war_n with_o foreiner_n and_o among_o the_o 128._o old_a law_n of_o england_n we_o find_v that_o william_n rufus_n require_v aid_n of_o the_o baron_n for_o the_o regain_n of_o normandy_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o brother_n robert_n surname_v cortehole_n who_o be_v upon_o a_o voyage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n danegeld_n be_v grant_v to_o he_o not_o establish_v nor_o confirm_v by_o a_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v four_o shilling_n upon_o every_o hide_n of_o land_n which_o be_v pay_v for_o defend_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n for_o that_o be_v the_o intent_n and_o end_n of_o danegeld_n according_a to_o its_o nature_n and_o original_n moreover_o francofurt_n roger_n hoveden_n say_v express_o that_o it_o be_v usual_o pay_v until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n stephen_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o promise_n which_o he_o make_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o coronation_n say_v three_o he_o promise_v that_o he_o will_v remit_v danegeld_v for_o ever_o that_o be_v two_o shilling_n upon_o a_o hide_n which_o his_o predecessor_n be_v go_v to_o take_v every_o year_n the_o same_o also_o be_v affirm_v by_o matthew_n paris_n and_o cottonianâ_fw-la roger_n of_o wendover_n out_o of_o who_o the_o chronicle_n set_v forth_o by_o matthew_n until_o the_o nineteenth_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o or_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mccxxxv_o be_v whole_o take_v they_o say_v of_o king_n stephen_n tertiò_fw-la vovit_fw-la quòd_fw-la danegeld_n id_fw-la est_fw-la &_o qualibet_fw-la ydâ_fw-la terrae_fw-la dvos_fw-la solidos_fw-la quos_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ejus_fw-la consueverant_fw-la accipere_fw-la in_o aeternum_fw-la annis_fw-la singulis_fw-la condonaret_fw-la so_o indeed_o we_o read_v it_o in_o the_o cottoniana_n manuscript_n book_n of_o this_o matthew_n whereby_o the_o print_a one_o be_v to_o be_v amend_v who_o render_v it_o only_o thus_o tertiò_fw-la vovit_fw-la quòd_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ejus_fw-la accipere_fw-la consueverant_fw-la in_fw-la aeternum_fw-la annis_fw-la singulis_fw-la condonaret_fw-la but_o this_o also_o be_v add_v by_o hoveden_n these_o especial_o and_o divers_a other_o thing_n he_o promise_v before_o god_n but_o keep_v none_o of_o they_o as_o we_o be_v tell_v likewise_o by_o paris_n and_o wendover_n so_o that_o this_o tribute_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v pay_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o william_n the_o first_o and_o the_o second_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o king_n stephen_n also_o for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o account_n of_o the_o exchequer_n that_o it_o be_v pay_v sometime_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o after_o that_o it_o grow_v out_o of_o date_n another_o course_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v take_v very_o frequent_o and_o use_v as_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o land_n that_o pay_v and_o provision_n may_v not_o be_v whole_o want_v to_o maintain_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n mention_n be_v make_v touch_v this_o particular_a in_o the_o court-roll_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o scaccarii_fw-la terrarum_fw-la ad_fw-la custodiâ—â—_n maris_fw-la agistatarum_fw-la that_o be_v of_o such_o land_n as_o be_v charge_v with_o a_o payment_n or_o tribute_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o know_v indeed_o also_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n collect_v at_o that_o time_n under_o pretence_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o pay_n and_o maintenance_n of_o land-force_n near_o the_o shore_n but_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v guard_v then_o with_o naval-force_n as_o well_o as_o the_o shore_n by_o land-force_n and_o so_o that_o that_o paiment_n belong_v either_o to_o the_o sea_n itself_o or_o else_o to_o the_o shore_n as_o well_o as_o the_o sea_n moreover_o subsidy_n have_v be_v demand_v of_o the_o people_n in_o parliament_n pour_v 6._o la_fw-fr salvation_n du_fw-fr royalme_n &_o the_o euâ—_n mesines_n &_o auxint_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_n dâ—_n escoce_n de_fw-fr gascoign_n &_o des_fw-fr isles_n that_o be_v for_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o sea_n belong_v thereunto_o the_o scotish_n border_n gasooign_n and_o the_o isle_n thus_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o defence_n and_o dominion_n be_v reckon_v in_o a_o equal_a right_n and_o condition_n with_o that_o of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o border_n and_o the_o isle_n several_a other_o instance_n there_o be_v of_o that_o kind_n but_o that_o especial_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o place_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o parlamentarie_a record_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o concern_v a_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v impose_v upon_o every_o ship_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o northern_a admiralty_n that_o be_v in_o the_o sea_n which_o stretch_v itself_o from_o the_o thames_n mouth_n along_o the_o eastern_a shore_n of_o england_n towards_o the_o north-east_n for_o the_o pay_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o be_v it_o impose_v only_o upon_o the_o ship_n of_o such_o merchant_n and_o fisherman_n as_o be_v english_a but_o also_o by_o the_o same_o right_n in_o a_o manner_n upon_o those_o of_o any_o foreiner_n whatsoëver_o no_o otherwise_o than_o if_o a_o man_n that_o be_v owner_n of_o a_o field_n shall_v impose_v a_o yearly_a revenue_n or_o rend_v for_o the_o liberty_n of_o thoroughfare_a or_o drive_v of_o cattle_n or_o cart_n through_o his_o field_n paiment_n be_v make_v at_o the_o rate_n of_o six_o penny_n a_o tun_n upon_o every_o vessel_n that_o pass_v by_o except_o such_o ship_n only_o as_o
oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n chap._n xviii_o that_o there_o be_v admiral_n also_o constitute_v by_o the_o french_a king_n upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n of_o france_n be_v know_v to_o every_o man_n and_o as_o there_o be_v a_o admiral_n appoint_v in_o gallia_n narbonensis_n to_o oversee_v maritime_a affair_n there_o so_o also_o on_o the_o opposite_a shore_n there_o be_v distinct_a office_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o aquitain_n bretaign_n and_o normandy_n and_o the_o adjoin_a coast_n but_o the_o french_a lawyer_n of_o late_a be_v wont_a to_o call_v their_o admiral_n in_o latin_a praefectus_fw-la maris_fw-la governor_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o if_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o he_o also_o as_o a_o governor_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v right_o consider_v that_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o what_o name_n soëver_o it_o be_v call_v do_v not_o signify_v as_o among_o the_o english_a any_o dominion_n of_o one_o have_v command_n in_o any_o near_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o we_o speak_v not_o of_o the_o sea_n of_o marseille_n which_o have_v no_o relation_n hereunto_o but_o only_o of_o their_o naval_a force_n in_o any_o sea_n whatsoëver_o together_o with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o seaman_n and_o jurisdiction_n over_o their_o person_n and_o moveable_n which_o may_v fall_v under_o the_o determination_n of_o a_o judge_n pour_fw-fr raison_fw-fr ou_fw-fr occasion_n as_o they_o 2._o say_v the_o faict_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr that_o be_v by_o reason_n or_o upon_o occasion_n of_o any_o suit_n or_o controversy_n arise_v about_o sea-affair_n for_o the_o more_o plain_a understanding_n whereof_o we_o must_v make_v far_a enquiry_n in_o the_o more_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v indeed_o admiral_n or_o governor_n of_o sea_n affair_n among_o the_o french_a yet_o so_o that_o their_o writer_n do_v not_o a_o little_a differ_v about_o the_o original_n of_o the_o dignity_n they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n say_v that_o rotlandus_n be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v governor_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o aremorica_n or_o alii_fw-la bretaign_v under_o charlemaign_n who_o they_o fetch_v out_o of_o eginhartus_n who_o write_v the_o life_n of_o charles_n at_o that_o time_n but_o in_o eginhartus_fw-la he_o be_v express_o call_v governor_n not_o of_o the_o british_a sea_n but_o only_o of_o the_o shore_n of_o britaign_n as_o we_o tell_v you_o in_o the_o 18._o former_a book_n in_o which_o name_n there_o be_v a_o description_n not_o of_o one_o that_o govern_n the_o sea_n as_o a_o province_n but_o who_o command_n be_v the_o shore_n as_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o dignity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o those_o count_n or_o officer_n be_v who_o be_v 4._o depute_v in_o that_o age_n to_o guard_v the_o sea_n coast_n and_o secure_v it_o from_o the_o incursion_n of_o enemy_n by_o sea_n there_o be_v also_o a_o 22._o nameless_a author_n of_o a_o chronicle_n belong_v to_o a_o monastery_n call_v monasterium_fw-la besuense_a who_o write_v that_o this_o guard_n of_o the_o shore_n under_o the_o caroline_n king_n be_v give_v over_o a_o little_a after_o the_o time_n of_o charlemaign_n but_o in_o the_o follow_a age_n the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v divide_v as_o it_o whereby_o piece-meal_n into_o several_a principalite_n that_o which_o a_o long_o retain_v this_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v reduce_v into_o so_o narrow_a a_o compass_n that_o the_o province_n of_o narbon_n be_v hold_v by_o sovereign_a earl_n of_o its_o own_o aquitain_n or_o the_o western_a shore_n which_o lie_v more_o southerly_a with_o normandy_n by_o the_o english_a bretaign_a either_o by_o king_n or_o duke_n of_o the_o same_o and_o flanders_n by_o earl_n so_o that_o whilst_o the_o whole_a sea-coast_n except_o picardy_n remain_v separate_v from_o that_o kingdom_n there_o be_v sea_n little_a enough_o lie_v before_o it_o yea_o and_o the_o naval_a force_n be_v small_a enough_o of_o which_o before_o the_o accession_n of_o a_o large_a sea-coast_n to_o the_o french_a kingdom_n there_o be_v most_o use_v in_o the_o expedition_n of_o the_o holy_a war._n nor_o be_v any_o other_o governor_n wont_a to_o be_v appoint_v there_o by_o the_o name_n of_o admiral_n than_o he_o who_o as_o occasion_v require_v be_v put_v in_o command_n over_o the_o navy_n and_o military_a affair_n by_o sea_n yea_o and_o be_v borrow_v from_o some_o nation_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o genoeses_n or_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n but_o the_o king_n themselves_o have_v at_o that_o time_n no_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v express_o write_v by_o johannes_n tilius_fw-la a_o clerk_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n his_o word_n be_v these_o 90._o after_o that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v lessen_v by_o division_n and_o the_o king_n confine_v to_o more_o narrow_a dominion_n because_o they_o have_v potent_a vassal_n who_o enjoy_v feud_n with_o absolute_a sovereignty_n if_o you_o except_o their_o homage_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n hold_v the_o dutchy_n of_o normandy_n and_o aquitain_n britain_n have_v a_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o and_o slander_n tholouse_n and_o provence_n have_v their_o earl_n the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o a_o long_a time_n have_v no_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o have_v no_o need_n of_o admiral_n until_o they_o undertake_v the_o expedition_n for_o the_o holy_a land_n at_o which_o time_n they_o make_v use_v of_o genoeses_n who_o they_o hire_v with_o spaniard_n or_o other_o of_o their_o neighbour_n that_o be_v well_o skilled_a in_o sea-affair_n to_o under-take_a the_o care_n of_o transportation_n have_v no_o office_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o have_v many_o admiral_n in_o one_o single_a expedition_n but_o after_o that_o the_o english_a have_v quit_v normandy_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n have_v get_v ground_n upon_o the_o sea-coast_n the_o use_n of_o sea-affair_n also_o be_v somewhat_o augment_v that_o be_v to_o say_v about_o the_o time_n of_o john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n so_o that_o the_o first_o admiral_n that_o they_o reckon_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o french_a dignity_n of_o who_o any_o memory_n be_v leave_v to_o posterity_n be_v enguerandus_fw-la coucaeus_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o bold_a king_n of_o france_n or_o about_o the_o year_n 1280_o as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o joannes_n feronius_n and_o what_o kind_n of_o dignity_n his_o be_v appear_v sufficient_o thence_o that_o his_o next_o successor_n matthew_n momorancie_n and_o john_n harcourt_n be_v only_o upon_o a_o particular_a occasion_n put_v in_o command_n over_o the_o sea-force_n by_o philip_n the_o fair_a as_o we_o 183._o understand_v by_o their_o commission_n yea_o and_o they_o be_v mention_v by_o william_n de_fw-fr nangis_n by_o the_o title_n of_o admiral_n as_o other_o also_o be_v by_o hollandiae_fw-la joannes_n de_fw-fr beka_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o fair_a although_o 14._o joannes_n tilius_fw-la reckon's_n amaurius_n viscount_n of_o narbonne_n to_o be_v the_o first_o that_o bear_v the_o dignity_n of_o admiral_n in_o france_n as_o a_o constant_a settle_a office_n over_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o time_n of_o john_n and_o charles_n the_o five_o king_n of_o france_n that_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 1300_o while_o france_n other_o be_v too_o busy_a in_o sum_v up_o divers_a other_o particular_n touch_v the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o command_n among_o the_o french_a afterward_o aquitain_n be_v add_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o the_o year_n 1453._o henry_n the_o sixth_o of_o england_n be_v drive_v out_o but_o in_o the_o year_n 1481._o the_o province_n of_o narbonne_n in_o the_o year_n 1491._o the_o duchy_n of_o bretaign_n and_o last_o in_o the_o space_n of_o some_o year_n all_o that_o the_o english_a hold_v in_o picardy_n be_v add_v also_o so_o all_o the_o sea-coast_n except_o belgium_n return_v into_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n hereupon_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o four_o sea-government_n or_o admiralship_n be_v afterward_o in_o use_n therein_o notwithstanding_o that_o sometime_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n hold_v several_a together_o but_o of_o these_o the_o government_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n and_o picardy_n be_v at_o this_o day_n usual_o call_v the_o admiralship_n of_o france_n because_o before_o that_o the_o province_n of_o narbonne_n aquitain_n and_o bretaigne_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o only_a maritime_a government_n in_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n be_v that_o of_o picardy_n whereto_o normandy_n be_v add_v afterward_o as_o the_o next_o province_n the_o other_o three_o be_v denominate_v from_o their_o respective_a province_n the_o whole_a matter_n be_v very_o well_o set_v forth_o by_o renatus_n choppinus_n
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ship_n which_o guard_v their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o ancestor_n be_v chief_o signify_v thereby_o the_o king_n very_o free_o permit_v his_o subject_n to_o use_v depredation_n by_o sea_n as_o long_o as_o the_o war_n continue_v for_o florilegus_n himself_o relate_n that_o great_a number_n both_o of_o french_a and_o spaniard_n be_v then_o take_v at_o sea_n by_o the_o english_a yea_o and_o about_o 1297_o that_o time_n thomas_n of_o walsingham_n write_v that_o either_o a_o french_a or_o norman_a navy_n of_o two_o hundred_o sail_n which_o rove_v about_o this_o sea_n to_o rob_v the_o english_a be_v overcome_v by_o a_o fleet_n of_o sixty_o english_a ship_n and_o bring_v into_o england_n there_o be_v also_o another_o ancient_a author_n of_o the_o same_o time_n when_o these_o affair_n be_v act_v who_o say_v ms._n that_o in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n mccxciv_o there_o fall_v out_o a_o quarrel_n between_o the_o seaman_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n of_o england_n and_o the_o seaman_n of_o france_n and_o it_o be_v determine_v by_o a_o fight_n at_o sea_n wherein_o the_o english_a with_o a_o fleet_n of_o one_o hundred_o sail_n take_v two_o hundred_o ship_n of_o france_n and_o drown_v or_o kill_v almost_o all_o the_o seaman_n of_o france_n for_o which_o cause_n philip_n king_n of_o france_n endeavour_v to_o take_v away_o gascoign_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n other_o there_o be_v likewise_o that_o have_v other_o expression_n touch_v these_o thing_n whereby_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o collect_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o that_o of_o florilegus_n when_o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v neither_o lord_n nor_o law_n over_o seaman_n at_o that_o time_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v let_v the_o reins_o loose_a to_o his_o subject_n as_o moderator_n of_o this_o sea_n and_o this_o he_o do_v that_o they_o may_v not_o only_o restrain_v his_o enemy_n but_o they_o also_o that_o shall_v reliev_n his_o enemy_n in_o any_o manner_n whatsoêver_o or_o that_o shall_v use_v the_o sea_n otherwise_o than_o at_o his_o pleasure_n who_o be_v lord_n thereof_o but_o as_o concern_v the_o like_a acknowledgement_n make_v single_o and_o apart_o by_o the_o fleming_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n over_o the_o sea_n i_o shall_v treat_v by_o and_o by_o after_o that_o i_o have_v in_o the_o next_o place_n set_v before_o you_o the_o libel_n itself_o in_o its_o own_o that_o be_v the_o norman_a tongue_n as_o it_o stand_v record_v in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n a_o copy_n or_o transcript_n of_o the_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n chap._n xxviii_o in_o the_o archive_v of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n where_o record_n of_o above_o four_o hundred_o year_n be_v keep_v there_o be_v a_o bundle_n of_o parchment_n which_o contain_v some_o affair_n relate_v to_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o three_o the_o first_o conte_v a_o agreement_n make_v between_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n touch_v their_o ship_n bear_v of_o colors_z about_o this_o sea_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o know_v then_o there_o be_v annex_v three_o either_o original_n or_o copy_n of_o the_o say_a libel_n write_v at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o as_o it_o seem_v the_o several_a procurator_n of_o those_o nation_n that_o be_v party_n in_o the_o complaint_n have_v their_o several_a libel_n though_o express_v in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o together_o so_o that_o one_o be_v endorse_v thus_o de_fw-fr baiona_n as_o if_o that_o libel_n have_v be_v exhibit_v single_o by_o the_o man_n of_o bayonne_n but_o the_o title_n run_v thus_o de_fw-fr superioritate_fw-la maris_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o jure_fw-la officii_fw-la admirallatûs_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la
the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o as_o lord_n thereof_o together_o with_o the_o island_n before_o they_o be_v bring_v under_o the_o roman_a power_n p._n 188_o chap._n iii_o that_o the_o britain_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o northern_a sea_n before_o they_o be_v subdue_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o that_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o land_n make_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n pag._n 201_o chap._n iv_o that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n follow_v the_o conquest_n of_o great_a britain_n itself_o under_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n and_o domitian_n pag._n 205_o chap._n v._o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o british_a sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o island_n from_o the_o time_n of_o domitian_n to_o the_o emperor_n constantius_n chlorus_n or_o diocletian_a pag._n 211_o chap._n vi_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o british_a empire_n from_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a till_o the_o roman_n quit_v the_o island_n that_o it_o be_v all_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n also_o concern_v the_o british_a navy_n under_o the_o roman_n pag._n 217_o chap._n vii_o a_o examination_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o learned_a man_n who_o will_v have_v the_o saxon_a shore_n from_o whence_o that_o count_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o sea_n throughout_o britain_n have_v his_o title_n to_o be_v the_o british_a shore_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v plain_o prove_v to_o be_v false_o pag._n 231_o chap._n viii_o some_o evidence_n concern_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o inseparable_a dominion_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o sea_n belong_v thereto_o out_o of_o claudian_n and_o certain_a coin_n of_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n pius_n pag._n 242_o chap._n ix_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n after_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v free_v themselves_o from_o the_o roman_a power_n pag._n 247_o chap._n x._o it_o be_v prove_v both_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o saxon_n reign_n as_o also_o from_o their_o force_n and_o victory_n by_o sea_n that_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n who_o rule_v the_o south_n part_n of_o britain_n have_v dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n pag._n 251_o chap._n xi_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n during_o their_o reign_n in_o britain_n observe_v in_o like_a manner_n from_o such_o tribute_n and_o duty_n of_o their_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n as_o concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n also_o concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o paiment_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v wont_v to_o beelevied_a for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 259_o chap._n xii_o the_o testimony_n of_o edgar_n and_o canutus_n king_n of_o england_n with_o other_o express_o declare_v the_o dominion_n which_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n have_v over_o the_o sea_n together_o with_o a_o observation_n touch_v the_o nation_n which_o in_o that_o age_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n pag._n 273_o chap._n xiii_o several_a testimony_n concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n set_v forth_o in_o general_a head_n pag._n 284_o chap._n fourteen_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n have_v perpetual_o enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prove_v from_o the_o guard_n or_o government_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o english_a admiralty_n pag._n 287_o chap._n xv._o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n assert_v from_o those_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n thereof_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n pag._n 295_o chap._n xvi_o observation_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a sea_n from_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o those_o letter_n patent_n or_o commission_n royal_a whereby_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v put_v in_o authority_n pag._n 305_o chap._n xvii_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o word_n plain_a enough_o in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o the_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n from_o ancient_a to_o the_o present_a time_n that_o the_o sea_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n he_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n be_v ever_o bound_v towards_o the_o south_n by_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n normandy_n and_o picardy_n pag._n 312_o chap._n xviii_o touch_v the_o admiral_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n or_o those_o constitute_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n their_o original_a nature_n and_o variety_n that_o the_o sea_n itself_o flow_v between_o britain_n and_o france_n be_v not_o contain_v in_o that_o command_n of_o he_o as_o of_o one_o that_o be_v governor_n of_o a_o territory_n or_o province_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n in_o it_o that_o may_v oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n pag._n 321._o chap._n xix_o that_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o those_o island_n lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o they_o be_v situate_a be_v derive_v from_o their_o predecessor_n pag._n 333_o chap._n xx._n the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n assert_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o that_o leave_v of_o preter-navigation_n or_o passage_n which_o have_v be_v usual_o either_o grant_v by_o they_o to_o foreiner_n or_o desire_v from_o they_o pag._n 344_o chap._n xxi_o that_o licence_n have_v be_v usual_o grant_v to_o foreiner_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o fish_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o that_o the_o protection_n give_v to_o fisherman_n by_o they_o as_o in_o their_o own_o territory_n be_v a_o ancient_a and_o manifest_a evidence_n of_o their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n pag._n 355_o chap._n xxii_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n make_v evident_a from_o the_o law_n and_o limit_n usual_o set_v by_o our_o king_n in_o the_o sea_n to_o such_o foreiner_n as_o be_v at_o enmity_n with_o each_o other_o but_o in_o amity_n with_o the_o english_a and_o concern_v the_o king_n closet_n or_o chamber_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o touch_v that_o singular_a privilege_v of_o perpetual_a truce_n or_o exemption_n from_o hostility_n in_o the_o sea_n about_o those_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n pag._n 363_o chap._n xxiii_o certain_a public_a record_n wherein_o of_o old_a the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o the_o way_n asscribe_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n both_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o also_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n debate_v of_o other_o matter_n and_o that_o in_o express_a word_n and_o with_o very_o great_a deliberation_n as_o a_o know_a and_o most_o undoubted_a right_n pag._n 375_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v pag._n 382_o chap._n xxv_o son_n ancient_a testimony_n of_o less_o account_n touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n whereof_o we_o treat_v pag._n 394_o chap._n xxvi_o that_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o foreiner_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v by_o their_o usual_a strike_n of_o sail_n according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n also_o concern_v two_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n that_o be_v set_v forth_o about_o this_o thing_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n pag._n 398_o chap._n xxvii_o a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o very_a many_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n round_o about_o in_o a_o ancient_a libel_n public_o exhibit_v or_o in_o a_o bill_n of_o complaint_n institute_v by_o they_o together_o with_o the_o english_a against_o reyner_n grimbald_n governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n also_o touch_v a_o recognition_n of_o this_o kind_n imply_v in_o his_o defence_n pag._n 403_o chap._n xxviii_o a_o copy_n or_o transcript_n of_o the_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n pag._n 415._o chap._n xxix_o a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o edward_n the_o second_o pag._n 429_o chap._n xxx_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o irish_a and_o western_a sea_n consider_v single_o and_o apart_o by_o itself_o pag._n 433
kingdom_n the_o ground_n whereof_o be_v this_o because_o the_o universal_a right_n of_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v common_a either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n be_v transfer_v into_o his_o dominion_n and_o other_o passage_n he_o have_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n as_o also_o 14._o stephanus_n paschasius_fw-la 11_o ludovicus_n servinus_fw-la sometime_o solicitor_n general_a for_o the_o king_n france_n popellinerius_n and_o other_o if_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o sea_n of_o maâ—seille_n or_o narbon_n we_o shall_v not_o oppose_v they_o but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o body_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o lie_v northward_o or_o westward_o of_o the_o french_a or_o that_o flow'_v between_o france_n and_o the_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n for_o that_o which_o lie_v westward_o from_o they_o upon_o that_o crooked_a shore_n or_o the_o gulf_n of_o aquitaine_n do_v indeed_o flow_v between_o the_o more_o westerly_a coast_n of_o our_o british_a isle_n and_o of_o france_n as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o lie_v northward_o from_o they_o flow'_v between_o england_n and_o normandy_n they_o neither_o produce_v any_o testimony_n of_o antiquity_n nor_o indeed_o can_v they_o if_o they_o will_v unless_o you_o will_v have_v that_o admit_v which_o have_v be_v cite_v out_o of_o caesar_n concern_v the_o veneti_n of_o france_n aremoriça_n and_o that_o which_o we_o say_v before_o of_o the_o sea_n border_v upon_o that_o shore_n both_o which_o indeed_o do_v rather_o import_v some_o service_n call_v heretofore_o nobilitates_fw-la super_fw-la navibus_fw-la than_o any_o kind_n of_o dominion_n but_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o this_o sea_n which_o flow'_v between_o they_o and_o we_o become_v absolute_o appropriate_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o we_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v in_o the_o next_o book_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o custom_n most_o in_o use_n among_o the_o french_a or_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o that_o nation_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o that_o derogate_n from_o the_o ancient_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o as_o to_o they_o it_o remaine_n as_o yet_o not_o possess_v but_o common_a to_o all_o man_n and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o revenue_n or_o patrimony_n of_o their_o king_n if_o so_o be_v credit_n may_v be_v give_v to_o that_o treatise_n late_o publish_v of_o the_o civil_a roman_a and_o french_a law_n by_o thomas_n cormerius_n counsellor_n to_o francis_n duke_n of_o anjou_n in_o his_o parliament_n of_o alencon_n the_o matter_n that_o it_o pretend'_v to_o treat_v of_o be_v the_o roman_a gallic_a law_n there_o be_v in_o it_o the_o custom_n of_o france_n decree_n of_o prince_n and_o privilege_n often_o intermingle_v but_o under_o the_o 2._o title_n of_o thing_n common_a â—o_o all_o he_o make_v the_o sea_n and_o shore_n common_a to_o all_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o if_o in_o this_o matter_n it_o do_v exact_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o france_n which_o certain_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o french_a have_v no_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n nor_o must_v we_o let_v it_o pass_v that_o somwhile_o since_o there_o be_v two_o constitution_n pretend_v to_o in_o france_n one_o of_o 1555._o henry_n the_o second_o the_o other_o of_o 1584._o henry_n the_o three_o wherein_o they_o require_v that_o the_o ship_n of_o foreigner_n which_o sail_v through_o the_o sea_n border_v upon_o france_n shall_v strike_v their_o topsail_n forsooth_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o that_o dominion_n the_o french_a have_v over_o the_o sea_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v autorize_v or_o as_o they_o speak_v simple_o verify_v by_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n yea_o nor_o so_o much_o as_o admit_v into_o custom_n nay_o the_o late_a of_o they_o be_v plain_o reject_v as_o to_o any_o effect_n in_o law_n and_o this_o the_o french_a lawyer_n themselves_o confess_v in_o a_o 1609._o notable_a case_n between_o some_o merchant_n of_o hamburgh_n that_o be_v plaintiff_n and_o michaël_n butardus_n and_o other_o defendant_n in_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o tours_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o but_o that_o ceremony_n have_v by_o most_o ancient_a right_n and_o custom_n be_v observe_v and_o pay_v to_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n out_o of_o respect_n and_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o their_o dominion_n as_o be_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a book_n where_o we_o treat_v of_o this_o particular_a more_o at_o large_a i_o know_v very_o well_o 2._o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o a_o edict_n of_o the_o french_a king_n that_o one_o three_o part_n of_o all_o good_n recover_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n another_z to_o the_o admiral_n and_o the_o remainder_n to_o the_o seaman_n that_o find_v they_o and_o that_o the_o french_a do_v reckon_v very_o many_o commander_n in_o chief_a at_o sea_n or_o admiral_n in_o a_o line_n sometime_o continue_v and_o sometime_o interrupt_v which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o begin_v from_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o son_n of_o st._n lewis_n that_o be_v from_o the_o year_n mcclxxxiv_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o franc._n joannes_n feronius_n 14._o stephanus_n paschasius_fw-la and_o other_o but_o that_o division_n of_o good_n recover_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n be_v simple_o consider_v do_v prove_v any_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n no_o more_o than_o the_o ten_o of_o any_o prize_n take_v from_o a_o enemy_n at_o sea_n which_o by_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o king_n also_o be_v allot_v to_o the_o 5._o admiral_n of_o the_o navy_n right_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o consent_n of_o person_n to_o wit_n subject_n transfer_v unto_o the_o king_n not_o upon_o any_o title_n of_o dominion_n whereby_o any_o pretence_n may_v be_v make_v to_o a_o acquire_v of_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o they_o be_v pay_v no_o otherwise_o then_o impost_n or_o custom_n in_o the_o importation_n or_o exportation_n of_o merchandise_n but_o no_o man_n i_o suppose_v will_v imagine_v that_o from_o such_o impost_n or_o custom_n upon_o merchandise_n any_o proof_n may_v be_v make_v of_o a_o dominion_n over_o those_o passage_n through_o which_o the_o merchant_n sail_n before_o they_o arrive_v neither_o indeed_o be_v there_o any_o such_o custom_n as_o this_o in_o use_n among_o the_o french_a before_o the_o time_n of_o francis_n the_o first_o that_o be_v to_o say_v plain_o not_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o desire_v to_o be_v and_o be_v make_v a_o sharer_n of_o those_o good_n which_o shall_v be_v draw_v by_o his_o subject_n out_o of_o any_o sea_n whatsoëver_o whereas_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v wont_a to_o take_v as_o his_o own_o whatsoëver_n be_v leave_v or_o lose_v in_o the_o sea_n beside_o other_o emolument_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n and_o that_o by_o so_o ancient_a a_o right_n as_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v bear_n be_v a_o date_n no_o less_o ancient_a than_o the_o kingdom_n itself_o and_o as_o for_o those_o admiral_n of_o france_n they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o chief_a commander_n of_o navy_n and_o person_n and_o of_o the_o force_n by_o sea_n and_o judicatories_n at_o home_o but_o not_o qualify_v as_o precedent_n of_o a_o sea-province_n or_o territory_n as_o the_o custodes_fw-la ipsius_fw-la maris_fw-la the_o guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o english_a and_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n but_o more_o of_o this_o in_o the_o second_o book_n nevertheless_o from_o what_o have_v be_v allege_v concern_v the_o custom_n opinion_n or_o constitution_n among_o the_o french_a i_o suppose_v it_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o they_o do_v also_o acknowledge_v that_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n either_o of_o nature_n or_o nation_n which_o serve_v his_o full_o for_o the_o clear_n of_o the_o point_n in_o question_n the_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o swede_n polander_n and_o turk_n chap._n xix_o we_o find_v clear_a testimony_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n also_o of_o europe_n touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o polander_n to_o who_o may_v be_v add_v also_o the_o turk_n we_o have_v observe_v by_o the_o toll_v or_o custom_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n what_o revenue_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o very_a navigation_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n as_o be_v common_o know_v and_o what_o be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o royalty_n of_o the_o norwegian_a sea_n to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n who_o at_o this_o time_n be_v also_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiii_o frederick_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n make_v a_o
defence_n of_o his_o kingdom_n against_o foreiner_n and_o the_o train_n up_o of_o himself_o and_o his_o people_n for_o warlike_a employment_n thus_o the_o guardianship_n or_o maintenance_n of_o the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n be_v evident_a but_o as_o concern_v the_o fleet_n aforemention_v they_o each_o of_o they_o consist_v of_o mcc_n ship_n and_o these_o as_o writer_n say_v express_o very_o stout_a one_o so_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o british_a navy_n consist_v of_o such_o ship_n to_o the_o number_n of_o three_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sail_n as_o 975._o florentius_n and_o hoveden_n speak_v express_o but_o other_o write_v that_o these_o fleet_n amount_v to_o four_o thousand_o ship_n as_o coltoniana_n john_n bramton_n abbot_n of_o jorvaux_n other_o add_v to_o these_o three_o a_o four_o fleet_n whereby_o the_o number_n be_v increase_v to_o four_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o sail_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o florilegus_n so_o as_o florentius_n also_o say_v he_o by_o the_o help_n of_o god_n govern_v and_o secure_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o kingdom_n with_o prudence_n fortitude_n justice_n and_o temperance_n as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v and_o have_v the_o courage_n of_o a_o fierce_a lion_n he_o keep_v all_o the_o prince_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o isle_n in_o awe_n we_o read_v also_o in_o ordericus_n vitalis_n of_o king_n harold_n or_o herald_n that_o he_o so_o guard_v the_o sea_n with_o a_o force_n of_o soldierie_a and_o ship_n that_o none_o of_o his_o enemy_n can_v without_o a_o sore_a conflict_n invade_v the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o we_o can_v otherwise_o conceiv_v but_o that_o these_o naval_a force_n be_v at_o that_o time_n dispose_v and_o the_o sea-fights_a undertake_v for_o the_o defence_n and_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o english-saxon_a dominion_n in_o this_o island_n especial_o if_o we_o due_o compare_v these_o thing_n already_o manifest_a with_o those_o which_o be_v add_v by_o and_o by_o to_o this_o particular_a touch_v the_o same_o age_n the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n during_o their_o reign_n in_o britain_n observe_v in_o like_a manner_n from_o such_o tribute_n and_o duty_n of_o their_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n as_o concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n also_o concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o paiment_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v levy_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n chap._n xi_o here_o follow_v next_o the_o tribute_n and_o duty_n of_o vassal_n concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n or_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v evidence_n also_o of_o that_o sea-dominion_n which_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a i_o call_v those_o tribute_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v levy_v for_o the_o reinforce_a of_o the_o navy_n and_o for_o provision_n of_o victual_n for_o the_o seaman_n of_o which_o kind_n be_v those_o that_o be_v levy_v according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o man_n estate_n in_o land_n for_o the_o set_n forth_o of_o ship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n ethelred_n for_o at_o that_o time_n whosoever_o possess_v cccx_o cassatos_n or_o hide_v of_o land_n be_v charge_v with_o the_o build_n of_o one_o ship_n and_o they_o be_v all_o rate_v proportionable_o after_o this_o manner_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o more_o or_o less_o hide_n or_o of_o part_n of_o a_o hide_n as_o cottoniana_n marianus_n scotus_n hoveden_n and_o florentius_n do_v all_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n say_v they_o give_v strict_a command_n that_o one_o galley_n shall_v be_v charge_v upon_o cccx_o cassati_fw-la but_o a_o coat_n of_o armour_n and_o a_o helmet_n upon_o nine_o and_o that_o ship_n shall_v be_v build_v throughout_o all_o england_n which_o be_v make_v ready_a he_o victual_v and_o man_v they_o with_o choice_a soldier_n and_o appoint_v their_o rendezvous_n at_o the_o port_n of_o sandwich_n to_o secure_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o kingdom_n from_o the_o eruption_n of_o foreiner_n but_o cottoniana_n henry_n of_o huntingdon_n as_o also_o matthew_n paris_n and_o florilegus_n speak_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n say_v the_o king_n charge_v one_o ship_n upon_o three_o hundred_o and_o ten_o hide_n of_o land_n through_o all_o england_n also_o a_o coat-armor_n and_o helmet_n upon_o eight_o hide_n then_o huntingdon_n tell_v we_o what_o a_o hide_n do_v signify_v but_o a_o hide_n in_o english_a say_v he_o be_v so_o much_o land_n as_o a_o man_n can_v till_o with_o one_o blow_n for_o a_o year_n other_o there_o be_v that_o determine_v otherwise_o touch_v the_o quantity_n of_o a_o hide_n and_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v very_o various_a according_a to_o the_o different_a custom_n of_o country_n but_o the_o same_o with_o cassata_n and_o year_n carucata_n indeed_o the_o english-saxon_a chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o cottoniana_n abingdon_n do_v likewise_o mention_n hide_v here_o express_o in_o the_o year_n mviii_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hund_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tynumaenne_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d helm_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o king_n give_v command_v for_o the_o build_n of_o ship_n careful_o throughout_o all_o england_n to_o wit_n that_o one_o galley_n shall_v be_v charge_v upon_o cccx_o hide_n of_o land_n but_o a_o coat-armor_n and_o helmet_n upon_o eight_o hide_n and_o it_o be_v usual_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o that_o age_n that_o the_o rich_a sort_n shall_v be_v tax_v by_o the_o number_n of_o hide_n as_o we_o see_v also_o throughout_o that_o breviarie_n of_o england_n or_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n call_v scaccarii_fw-la domesday_n which_o be_v first_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n huntingdon_n add'_v also_o that_o there_o never_o have_v be_v so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o ship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o any_o one_o in_o britain_n which_o be_v testify_v in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n before_o cite_v so_o that_o that_o most_o numerous_a navy_n of_o king_n edgar_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o this_o but_o yet_o that_o most_o learned_a man_n and_o great_a light_n of_o our_o island_n m_o r_o 114._o camden_n have_v so_o cast_v up_o the_o number_n of_o hide_n throughout_o england_n out_o of_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o that_o age_n that_o they_o do_v not_o exceed_v 243600._o if_o this_o have_v be_v so_o than_o they_o can_v have_v set_v forth_o no_o more_o than_o 785_o ship_n by_o this_o tribute_n which_o be_v a_o lesser_a number_n than_o that_o of_o king_n edgar_n by_o some_o thousand_o so_o that_o some_o other_o account_n be_v to_o be_v make_v concern_v hide_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o place_n hereunto_o belong_v that_o of_o huntingdon_n touch_v king_n canutus_n and_o his_o son_n harald_n in_o the_o day_n of_o harald_n say_v he_o as_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n eight_o mark_n be_v pay_v by_o every_o port_n for_o xvi_o ship_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n hoveden_n say_v there_o be_v a_o tax_n impose_v which_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n when_o king_n canutus_n and_o king_n edmond_n make_v a_o agreement_n in_o a_o isle_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o severn_n call_v oleney_n moreover_o huntingdon_n write_v that_o 11048_o pound_n be_v raise_v by_o hardecanute_n king_n of_o england_n before_o he_o have_v reign_v two_o year_n for_o thirty_o two_o ship_n that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o the_o build_n of_o two_o and_o thirty_o ship_n he_o give_v command_v also_o as_o 1040._o matthew_n westminster_n say_v that_o eight_o mark_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o every_o rower_n of_o his_o navy_n and_o ten_o mark_n to_o each_o commander_n out_o of_o all_o england_n he_o say_v again_o also_o of_o the_o same_o king_n that_o he_o appoint_v officer_n through_o all_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o collect_v the_o tax_n impose_v without_o favour_v any_o and_o therewith_o to_o provide_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o his_o force_n at_o sea_n and_o florentius_n say_v eodem_fw-la he_o give_v command_v for_o the_o pay_v of_o eight_o mark_n to_o every_o rower_n of_o his_o navy_n and_o twelve_o so_o we_o read_v it_o in_o that_o author_n to_o every_o commander_n out_o of_o all_o england_n a_o tax_n indeed_o so_o grievous_a that_o scarce_o any_o man_n be_v able_a to_o pay_v it_o but_o these_o thing_n speak_v of_o canutus_n his_o son_n harald_n and_o hardecanute_n relate_v perhaps_o unto_o that_o tribute_n or_o tax_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v pay_v yearly_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o guard_v the_o territory_n or_o dominion_n by_o
of_o the_o abbey_n of_o abingdon_n say_v of_o the_o same_o year_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n command_v that_o 21000_o shall_v be_v pay_v to_o his_o army_n for_o so_o that_o fleet_n be_v call_v every_o where_n in_o english_a saxon_n which_o ride_v at_o greenwich_n here_o you_o see_v be_v no_o small_a difference_n in_o the_o number_n of_o pound_n but_o howsoever_o if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v of_o the_o yearly_a tax_n or_o tribute_n than_o it_o be_v far_o less_o this_o year_n than_o it_o be_v reckon_v by_o those_o monk_n who_o speak_v of_o thirty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n four_o year_n after_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n canutus_n who_o be_v a_o dane_n a_o far_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v raise_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o this_o fleet._n that_o florentius_n who_o we_o have_v often_o cite_v say_v in_o this_o year_n that_o be_v mxviii_o seventie_o two_o thousand_o pound_n out_o of_o all_o england_n and_o one_o thousand_o and_o fifty_o pound_n out_o of_o london_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o danish_a fleet_n and_o there_o remain_v forty_o ship_n with_o k._n canutus_n but_o the_o rest_n be_v return_v to_o denmark_n of_o which_o year_n hoveden_n speak_v thus_o out_o of_o all_o england_n seventie_o two_o and_o out_o of_o london_n 410_o pound_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o danish_a army_n or_o fleet._n and_o there_o remain_v etc._n etc._n they_o differ_v about_o the_o sum_n not_o the_o thing_n wherein_o they_o agree_v with_o the_o english-saxon_a chronicle_n before_o mention_v yet_o these_o altogether_o speak_v contrary_a to_o that_o account_n of_o the_o certain_a sum_n as_o it_o be_v set_v down_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a monk_n but_o cottonianâ_fw-la matthew_n paris_n and_o matthew_n westminster_n say_v of_o the_o same_o time_n that_o cnute_n send_v home_o the_o danish_a fleet_n and_o stipendarie_n soldier_n except_o forty_o ship_n as_o appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v already_o have_v pay_v they_o out_o of_o all_o england_n eighty_o two_o thousand_o pound_n in_o silver_n also_o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o king_n hardeâ—nute_n a_o tax_n be_v levy_v for_o the_o danish_a army_n or_o fleet_n amount_v to_o 21000_o pound_n and_o 89_o pound_n as_o huntingdon_n tell_v we_o we_o all_o which_o particular_n do_v i_o suppose_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o danish_a tribute_n here_o mention_v be_v not_o fix_v to_o any_o certain_a sum_n of_o yearly_a payment_n and_o also_o that_o a_o huge_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o to_o what_o purpose_n else_o be_v that_o fleet_n always_o keep_v and_o so_o great_a tax_n levy_v every_o year_n for_o the_o maintenance_n thereof_o but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o the_o name_n of_o danegeld_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n tribute_n or_o tax_n be_v usual_o pay_v still_o notwithstanding_o by_o other_o name_n that_o be_v very_o well_o know_v for_o the_o guard_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v by_o and_o by_o but_o they_o be_v extreme_o mistake_v even_o they_o who_o agree_v either_o with_o john_n 57_o bramton_n the_o abbot_n of_o jorvaux_n or_o some_o other_o author_n out_o of_o who_o he_o write_v it_o or_o any_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n in_o derive_v the_o original_a of_o that_o yearly_a danegeld_n so_o often_o mention_v every_o where_o from_o the_o former_a kind_n of_o tribute_n which_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o dane_n for_o the_o procure_n of_o a_o peace_n and_o they_o also_o who_o 95._o will_v have_v the_o war_n to_o have_v be_v undertake_v by_o the_o dane_n and_o saxon_n against_o the_o britain_n because_o they_o deny_v they_o a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n and_o that_o the_o end_n thereof_o be_v that_o this_o tribute_n be_v upon_o that_o account_n impose_v upon_o the_o nation_n when_o it_o be_v subdue_v now_o as_o concern_v the_o duty_n of_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n wont_a to_o be_v pay_v in_o that_o age_n for_o naval_a expedition_n and_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o have_v set_v they_o down_o among_o those_o particular_n which_o be_v speak_v of_o king_n edgar_n in_o the_o former_a chapter_n the_o petty_a king_n or_o lord_n of_o the_o neighbour_a isle_n be_v bind_v to_o he_o by_o oath_n to_o be_v ready_a at_o his_o command_n to_o serve_v he_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o in_o that_o famous_a breviarie_n or_o register_n of_o england_n call_v scaccarii_fw-la domesday_n contain_v very_o many_o custom_n in_o use_n among_o the_o english-saxons_a beside_o the_o assessment_n of_o the_o province_n and_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o first_o we_o read_v thus_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n at_o warwick_n if_o the_o king_n go_v by_o sea_n against_o his_o enemy_n to_o send_v he_o either_o iu_o batsuein_n sea-soldier_n or_o rower_n or_o else_o iv._o pound_n in_o money_n and_o at_o excester_n when_o he_o make_v any_o expedition_n by_o land_n or_o by_o sea_n this_o city_n serve_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o v._o hide_v of_o land_n barnestaple_n lydeford_n and_o totenais_n serve_v as_o far_o as_o that_o city_n that_o be_v these_o three_o town_n pay_v as_o much_o as_o excester_n alone_o moreover_o gloucester_n yield_v xxxvi_o dicre_n of_o iron_n and_o c._n iron_n rod_n fit_v to_o make_v nail_n for_o the_o king_n ship_n leicester_n also_o if_o the_o king_n go_v against_o his_o enemy_n by_o sea_n send_v he_o four_o horse_n from_o that_o town_n to_o london_n to_o carry_v arm_n or_o other_o necessary_n concern_v lewes_n also_o a_o chief_a town_n in_o sussex_n there_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n have_v cxxvii_o burgher_n at_o his_o service_n their_o custom_n be_v if_o the_o king_n go_v not_o himself_o in_o person_n but_o send_v other_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n than_o they_o collect_v xx._n shilling_n of_o every_o man_n of_o what_o country_n soëver_o he_o be_v and_o provide_v man_n who_o be_v to_o look_v to_o the_o arm_n on_o shipboard_n here_o very_o express_a mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o defence_n or_o guardianship_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o in_o colchester_n a_o eminent_a town_n of_o essex_n we_o find_v it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o that_o age_n to_o pay_v out_o of_o every_o house_n six_o penny_n a_o year_n that_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v it_o for_o maintenance_n of_o the_o king_n soldier_n upon_o a_o expedition_n by_o land_n or_o sea_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o aught_o to_o be_v the_o rate_n if_o the_o king_n shall_v entertain_v soldier_n or_o make_v any_o expedition_n all_o these_o particular_n be_v in_o that_o register_n and_o other_o there_o be_v in_o it_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o a_o expedition_n by_o sea_n signify_v in_o these_o testimony_n not_o a_o war_n to_o be_v undertake_v for_o subdue_a the_o dominion_n of_o their_o neighbour_n land_n but_o most_o clear_o a_o preparation_n and_o enterprise_n of_o war_n for_o the_o guard_n scour_a and_o keep_v the_o sea_n as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o britain_n as_o it_o sufficient_o appear_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o that_o time_n for_o we_o do_v not_o read_v that_o our_o english-saxons_a or_o dane_n have_v any_o other_o quarrel_n at_o that_o time_n with_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n whatsoëver_o unless_o it_o concern_v either_o the_o british_a island_n or_o the_o sea_n belong_v thereunto_o which_o also_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o testimony_n of_o edgar_n and_o canutus_n king_n of_o england_n with_o other_o express_o declare_v the_o dominion_n which_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n have_v over_o the_o sea_n together_o with_o a_o observation_n touch_v the_o nation_n which_o in_o that_o age_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n chap._n xii_o that_o we_o may_v at_o length_n set_v a_o end_n to_o that_o fourfold_a distribution_n which_o we_o make_v of_o the_o testimony_n of_o that_o age_n let_v we_o in_o the_o last_o place_n add_v the_o express_a determination_n of_o king_n edgar_n and_o canutus_n concern_v their_o own_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o for_o edgar_n the_o title_n which_o he_o common_o use_v run_v thus_o 8._o i_o edgar_n sovereign_a lord_n of_o all_o albion_n and_o of_o the_o maritime_a or_o insular_n king_n inhabit_v round_o about_o so_o he_o make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n to_o comprehend_v all_o the_o maritime_a kingdom_n that_o lay_v about_o that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o that_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o british_a sea_n and_o this_o he_o more_o plain_o declare'_v in_o the_o charter_n or_o deed_n by_o which_o he_o settle_v revenue_n on_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o worcester_n in_o the_o year_n dcccclxiv_n if_o so_o be_v the_o copy_n be_v right_o render_v by_o those_o who_o many_o year_n since_o print_v so_o
least_o allow_v such_o a_o dominion_n viii_o some_o ancient_a testimony_n of_o inferior_a note_n all_o the_o testimony_n almost_o that_o be_v comprehend_v in_o this_o division_n be_v indeed_o domestic_a but_o so_o public_a and_o of_o so_o approve_a credit_n that_o hardly_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v imagine_v which_o may_v give_v a_o clear_a proof_n of_o possession_n whether_o civil_a as_o they_o call_v it_o consist_v in_o the_o act_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n or_o natural_a which_o require_n the_o presence_n of_o the_o body_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o any_o man_n that_o plea_n to_o make_v enquiry_n especial_o if_o he_o add_v hereunto_o the_o judgement_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o such_o foreign_a nation_n who_o it_o chief_o concern_v whereof_o we_o shall_v treat_v also_o by_o and_o by_o but_o of_o these_o thing_n several_o and_o in_o order_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n have_v perpetual_o enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prove_v from_o the_o guard_n or_o government_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o english_a admiralty_n chap._n fourteen_o as_o concern_v the_o guard_n or_o government_n of_o this_o sea_n there_o be_v three_o thing_n therein_o that_o deserv_v special_a consideration_n 1._o the_o bare_a mention_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o guardian_n or_o admiral_n thereof_o in_o public_a record_n and_o history_n 2._o the_o tribute_n and_o custom_n impose_v demand_v or_o accustom_v to_o be_v pay_v for_o and_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o say_a custody_n and_o last_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o commission_n belong_v to_o this_o guard_n and_o english_a admiralty_n or_o government_n by_o sea_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n there_o be_v frequent_a mention_n of_o a_o guard_n or_o government_n 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the_o saufegard_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o intercourse_n of_o merchandise_n safe_o to_o come_v into_o and_o to_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o same_o which_o be_v the_o usual_a form_n of_o word_n that_o be_v to_o say_v these_o word_n be_v part_n of_o the_o preface_n or_o preamble_n which_o be_v usual_o place_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o any_o law_n or_o statute_n whereby_o that_o most_o know_a custom_n or_o impost_n of_o tonnage_n and_o powndage_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v for_o the_o keep_n and_o sure_a defend_n of_o the_o sea_n against_o all_o person_n intend_v or_o that_o shall_v extend_v the_o disturbance_n of_o we_o your_o say_a commons_o in_o the_o intercourse_n and_o the_o invade_v of_o this_o your_o realm_n so_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v so_o account_v the_o arbitrator_n and_o lord_n of_o commerce_n throughout_o these_o sea_n that_o it_o can_v not_o lawful_o be_v hinder_v without_o his_o commission_n which_o true_o be_v a_o manifest_a evidence_n of_o 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island_n of_o the_o same_o that_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n mer_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr d'_fw-fr ireland_n &_o gale_n or_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o wales_n after_o which_o manner_n the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n be_v sometime_o also_o describe_v in_o 11._o our_o law_n which_o be_v call_v likewise_o now_o and_o then_o by_o 6._o our_o lawyer_n les_fw-fr quatre_fw-fr miers_n d'engleterre_fw-fr or_o the_o four_o sea_n of_o england_n divide_v according_a to_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n so_o that_o in_o the_o most_o receive_a form_n of_o this_o commission_n after_o the_o begin_n of_o queen_n mary_n reign_n out_o of_o which_o also_o the_o sens_fw-fr and_o mean_v of_o former_a commission_n be_v to_o be_v collect_v we_o have_v a_o continual_a possession_n or_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n point_v out_o in_o express_a word_n for_o very_a many_o year_n and_o what_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v by_o way_n 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admiral_n of_o england_n in_o the_o patent_n roll_v grant_v to_o he_o by_o edward_n the_o sixth_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o word_n plain_a enough_o in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o the_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n from_o ancient_a to_o the_o present_a time_n that_o the_o sea_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n he_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n be_v ever_o bound_v towards_o the_o south_n by_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n normandy_n and_o picardy_n chap._n xvii_o but_o in_o the_o form_n already_o show_v which_o have_v continue_v in_o use_n for_o so_o many_o year_n you_o see_v mention_n be_v make_v only_o of_o the_o sea_n of_o our_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n our_o dominion_n and_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o as_o the_o province_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n the_o admiral_n be_v appoint_v that_o be_v as_o we_o have_v tell_v you_o the_o english_a irish_a and_o welsh_a sea_n all_o which_o be_v contain_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o british_a as_o it_o have_v be_v obseruéd_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n yet_o the_o name_n of_o normandy_n gascoign_n and_o aquitain_n beside_o calais_n be_v add_v which_o be_v province_n seat_v upon_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v they_o in_o this_o place_n they_o be_v either_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v always_o hold_v in_o subjection_n by_o the_o english_a from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o mention_n of_o they_o in_o the_o commission_n or_o as_o they_o have_v already_o for_o some_o age_n pass_v be_v out_o of_o their_o jurisdiction_n but_o suppose_v in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o they_o have_v always_o remain_v in_o the_o jurisdiction_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o english_a questionless_a
howsoêver_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n may_v then_o according_a to_o this_o form_n of_o commission_n have_v have_v court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o those_o province_n as_o there_o be_v no_o place_n almost_o without_o court_n of_o admiralty_n even_o where_o not_o any_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n at_o all_o be_v pretend_v to_o belong_v unto_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o be_v hold_v yet_o by_o no_o mean_n may_v he_o thence_o be_v call_v commander_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o if_o so_o be_v you_o except_v the_o port_n and_o such_o like_a creek_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v incorporate_v within_o land_n either_o as_o it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o belong_v to_o normandy_n or_o to_o aquitain_n gascoign_n or_o picardy_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o form_n of_o commission_n he_o have_v exercise_v maritime_a jurisdiction_n in_o those_o province_n beyond_o sea_n no_o otherwise_o almost_o than_o our_o admiral_n in_o england_n and_o ireland_n or_o other_o the_o like_a do_v at_o this_o day_n over_o man_n person_n &_o good_n upon_o the_o african_a mediterranean_a indian_a or_o any_o other_o sea_n at_o a_o remote_a distance_n for_o the_o extent_n of_o such_o a_o jurisdiction_n by_o sea_n be_v without_o bound_n but_o the_o extent_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n or_o of_o the_o sea_n over_o which_o he_o be_v place_v admiral_n as_o warden_n guardian_n or_o precedent_n to_o defend_v and_o keep_v it_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o he_o who_o be_v lord_n thereof_o be_v bound_v and_o it_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o express_a word_n of_o the_o ancient_a form_n of_o commission_n that_o no_o sea_n be_v contain_v therein_o as_o a_o province_n to_o be_v defend_v but_o that_o which_o be_v either_o english_a welsh_a or_o irish_a or_o relate_n to_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n as_o a_o appendant_a from_o whence_o it_o follow_v we_o that_o those_o name_n of_o the_o opposite_a shore_n in_o the_o commission_n do_v not_o at_o all_o mention_n the_o sea_n flow_v between_o as_o 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sea_n belong_v to_o the_o english_a empire_n have_v in_o the_o king_n commission_n the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n gascoign_n aquitain_n and_o picardy_n to_o set_v forth_o only_o the_o beyond-sea_n limit_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n or_o command_n so_o far_o as_o he_o have_v charge_n of_o defend_v the_o sea-province_n or_o dominion_n belong_v to_o england_n in_o those_o shore_n which_o lie_v over_o against_o we_o for_o if_o any_o say_v that_o the_o case_n be_v otherwise_o wherefore_o then_o be_v not_o the_o sea_n over_o which_o he_o have_v command_v denominate_v from_o some_o of_o these_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o english_a irish_a and_o welsh_a or_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o wales_n and_o of_o the_o dominion_n and_o isle_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o no_o other_o sea_n as_o it_o fall_v under_o a_o civil_a consideration_n for_o we_o speak_v not_o here_o of_o the_o denomination_n give_v by_o geographer_n do_v flow_v between_o the_o territory_n on_o this_o and_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v mention_v in_o his_o commission_n therefore_o as_o in_o that_o roman_a dignity_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n the_o shore_n be_v the_o transmarine_a bind_v or_o limit_v of_o that_o dignity_n so_o also_o in_o the_o command_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n so_o far_o only_o as_o he_o have_v a_o province_n or_o jurisdiction_n by_o sea_n as_o a_o governor_n of_o a_o territory_n those_o opposite_a shore_n or_o transmarine_a province_n name_v in_o his_o commission_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o sea_n under_o his_o charge_n or_o protection_n and_o this_o true_o be_v sufficient_o apparent_a from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o commission_n already_o handle_v if_o so_o be_v we_o suppose_v as_o hitherto_o we_o have_v do_v for_o discourse_n sake_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v all_o the_o while_n that_o form_n of_o commission_n be_v in_o use_n retain_v those_o beyond_o sea_n province_n under_o their_o dominion_n as_o the_o roman_n have_v do_v of_o old_a but_o the_o matter_n be_v make_v more_o evident_a if_o we_o observe_v how_o the_o name_n of_o those_o province_n have_v at_o least_o from_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n marie_n be_v so_o keep_v in_o the_o form_n of_o this_o commission_n that_o since_o her_o reign_n there_o remain_n not_o the_o least_o ground_n for_o any_o of_o those_o in_o the_o commission_n to_o signify_v any_o other_o thing_n than_o what_o we_o have_v already_o declare_v for_o in_o her_o reign_n calais_n be_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o french_a and_o since_o that_o time_n the_o english_a have_v not_o be_v possess_v of_o any_o province_n upon_o any_o part_n of_o the_o opposite_a shore_n moreover_o also_o in_o the_o one_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o sixth_o or_o anno_fw-la dom._n mccccliii_n the_o english_a be_v drive_v out_o of_o gascoign_n aquitain_n and_o the_o other_o province_n of_o france_n by_o the_o french_a king_n charles_n the_o seven_o nor_o be_v there_o after_o the_o time_n of_o this_o henry_n any_o officer_n or_o governor_n of_o note_n appoint_v or_o that_o can_v convenient_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o english_a either_o in_o normandy_n or_o in_o aquitain_n itself_o yea_o nor_o in_o normandy_n either_o after_o or_o long_o before_o the_o loss_n of_o aquitain_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o the_o county_n of_o guise_n calais_n and_o some_o other_o town_n in_o picardy_n beside_o those_o neighbour_a one_o that_o henry_n the_o eight_o gain_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n in_o the_o same_o country_n remain_v long_o after_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n yea_o and_o that_o a_o small_a part_n of_o rotulorum_fw-la aquitain_n yield_v obedience_n though_o not_o constant_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o some_o year_n after_o henry_n the_o sixth_o but_o not_o the_o whole_a duchy_n nor_o do_v it_o make_v to_o the_o contrary_a that_o sometime_o under_o some_o of_o our_o late_a king_n there_o be_v one_o appoint_v captain_n general_n or_o governor_n over_o all_o our_o subject_n in_o normandy_n with_o which_o title_n both_o ambrose_n earl_n of_o warwick_n and_z adrian_z poynings_n be_v honour_v in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n dorso_fw-la elisabeth_n for_o they_o be_v mere_o general_n of_o the_o force_n that_o be_v transport_v thither_o to_o assist_v the_o king_n of_o france_n not_o invest_v at_o all_o with_o any_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n but_o yet_o even_o after_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o sixth_o the_o name_n of_o aquitain_n be_v constant_o retain_v in_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o high_a admiralship_n of_o england_n that_o be_v for_o one_o hundred_o and_o fourscore_o year_n or_o thereabouts_o after_o the_o english_a be_v drive_v out_o of_o aquitain_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n hereto_o at_o length_n be_v add_v as_o be_v show_v there_o also_o the_o name_n of_o normandy_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o whereas_o notwithstanding_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o possess_v of_o normandy_n a_o long_a time_n before_o nor_o in_o any_o wise_a after_o nor_o do_v he_o in_o that_o agreement_n 8._o make_v a_o little_a before_o with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n claim_v any_o other_o possession_n in_o picardy_n beside_o that_o of_o calais_n and_o the_o territory_n of_o guise_n and_o ham_n and_o so_o it_o have_v continue_v now_o for_o one_o hundred_o twenty_o two_o year_n also_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o maritime_a government_n or_o high_a admiralship_n of_o england_n without_o any_o relation_n at_o all_o have_v to_o the_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o duchy_n itself_o but_o only_o of_o the_o shore_n which_o bound_v the_o sea_n under_o his_o master_n protection_n upon_o
the_o coast_n of_o france_n for_o although_o aquitain_n indeed_o be_v first_o add_v to_o the_o name_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n in_o that_o commission_n while_o the_o english_a possess_v the_o duchy_n of_o aquitain_n nevertheless_o it_o not_o only_o so_o remain_v likewise_o in_o that_o form_n of_o commission_n constant_o even_o after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o english_a until_o our_o time_n but_o normandy_n also_o which_o have_v never_o be_v name_v before_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n be_v add_v and_o this_o some_o age_n after_o that_o the_o english_a be_v whole_o deprive_v of_o the_o duchy_n itself_o so_o that_o either_o these_o name_n do_v serve_v in_o stead_n of_o a_o limit_v to_o the_o sea_n under_o his_o protection_n or_o else_o we_o must_v perforce_o admit_v contrary_a to_o reason_n that_o they_o signify_v nothing_o in_o the_o commission_n for_o so_o many_o year_n for_o we_o see_v that_o those_o name_n of_o opposite_a shore_n be_v retain_v in_o the_o admiral_n be_v commission_n even_o from_o the_o end_n of_o queen_n mary_n reign_n until_o our_o time_n or_o for_o the_o space_n of_o 77_o year_n though_o the_o english_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v not_o possess_v of_o the_o least_o part_n of_o france_n as_o also_o that_o normandy_n be_v add_v many_o year_n before_o but_o yet_o long_o after_o the_o english_a be_v out_v of_o its_o possession_n nor_o ought_v any_o man_n fond_o to_o imagine_v that_o these_o name_n be_v insert_v because_o of_o that_o right_a the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n for_o indeed_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v by_o a_o ancient_a right_n usual_o entitle_v themselves_o king_n of_o france_n also_o the_o dutchy_n of_o aquitain_n and_o normandy_n and_o the_o other_o province_n of_o france_n mention_v in_o this_o commission_n be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o lesser_a in_o the_o great_a but_o if_o that_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n certain_o the_o name_n of_o france_n shall_v have_v be_v ascribe_v to_o our_o admiral_n yea_o and_o other_o officer_n of_o that_o kingdom_n have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n after_o he_o be_v drive_v thence_o of_o which_o thing_n there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o evidence_n indeed_o any_o where_n exstant_fw-la and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v as_o soon_o as_o ever_o a_o alteration_n be_v make_v in_o the_o draught_n of_o the_o commission_n from_o that_o denomination_n of_o the_o command_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o fleet_n and_o coast_n over_o which_o they_o have_v command_v unto_o that_o which_o be_v make_v up_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o province_n that_o then_o a_o addition_n be_v make_v of_o aquitain_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o limit_n or_o bind_v as_o well_o on_o this_o as_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v point_v out_o by_o the_o shore_n the_o name_n of_o normandy_n be_v add_v afterward_o and_o retain_v still_o together_o with_o calais_n and_o the_o march_n thereof_o and_o aquitain_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n but_o while_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v in_o former_a time_n possess_v of_o normandy_n aquitain_n and_o other_o country_n in_o france_n there_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o form_n of_o commission_n wherein_o the_o kingdom_n and_o province_n as_o have_v be_v already_o show_v be_v express_o nominate_v any_o other_o admiral_n or_o governor_n of_o the_o maritime_a province_n or_o dominion_n by_o sea_n make_v by_o they_o beside_o those_o to_o who_o care_n the_o fleet_n and_o coast_n be_v commit_v in_o the_o manner_n already_o mention_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v between_o our_o british_a isle_n and_o the_o province_n over_o against_o they_o and_o the_o fleet_n belong_v to_o any_o territory_n whatsoëver_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v at_o that_o time_n by_o a_o peculiar_a right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o sea_n so_o subject_a to_o they_o who_o be_v so_o put_v in_o command_n over_o the_o english_a fleet_n and_o coast_n that_o there_o remain_v neither_o place_n nor_o use_v for_o any_o other_o commander_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o may_v be_v say_v likewise_o of_o those_o time_n wherein_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n stand_v possess_v also_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n as_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o the_o two_o henry_n 5_o the_o and_o 6_o the_o nor_o be_v it_o a_o bare_a conjecture_n that_o they_o do_v not_o put_v any_o other_o in_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o fleet_n beside_o those_o to_o who_o by_o right_a only_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n the_o power_n be_v commit_v to_o wit_n according_a to_o that_o right_n which_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v between_o but_o it_o be_v sufficient_o prove_v also_o upon_o this_o ground_n that_o we_o have_v the_o ancient_a public_a distincâ—i_fw-la record_n of_o those_o time_n touch_v the_o office_n constitute_v by_o our_o king_n in_o france_n and_o those_o province_n beyond_o sea_n in_o most_o whereof_o i_o find_v not_o the_o least_o sign_n of_o the_o contrary_n and_o if_o it_o be_v demand_v here_o wherefore_o it_o be_v that_o the_o shore_n of_o bretaign_n be_v omit_v which_o in_o like_a manner_n lie_v over_o against_o our_o isle_n of_o britain_n and_o together_o with_o the_o shore_n of_o picardy_n normandy_n and_o aquitain_n sufficient_o take_v up_o that_o whole_a tract_n which_o stretch_v itself_o in_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n before_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a sea_n certain_o if_o the_o aforementioned_a reason_n take_v place_n there_o be_v little_a cause_n to_o doubt_v that_o it_o happen_v thence_o because_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o at_o any_o time_n so_o possess_v of_o bretaign_a that_o be_v out_v of_o it_o he_o need_v to_o be_v very_o solicitous_a touch_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o sea-territorie_n adjoin_v distinct_a lord_n of_o territory_n confine_v on_o each_o other_o as_o be_v the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o duke_n of_o bretaign_n heretofore_o for_o bretaign_v have_v king_n and_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o before_o charles_n the_o eight_o under_o who_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1491._o it_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n keep_v their_o bound_n so_o distinct_a that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o more_o evident_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o all_o but_o when_o of_o such_o kind_n of_o territory_n there_o be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o lord_n as_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v while_o he_o possess_v either_o normandy_n or_o aquitain_n or_o any_o other_o maritime_a province_n in_o france_n together_o with_o england_n he_o be_v out_v of_o either_o aught_o above_o all_o thing_n to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o past_a confusion_n of_o possession_n be_v not_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o future_a distinction_n of_o bound_n for_o fear_v then_o lest_o it_o may_v have_v be_v pretend_v that_o even_o the_o sea_n adjoin_v or_o confine_v with_o those_o maritime_a province_n which_o be_v a_o long_a time_n heretofore_o possess_v by_o the_o english_a and_o afterward_o take_v away_o be_v take_v away_o together_o with_o the_o province_n whenas_o perhaps_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o past_a confusion_n of_o possession_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o lord_n all_o man_n may_v not_o be_v sufficient_o instruct_v touch_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n place_v as_o we_o have_v say_v upon_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o therefore_o for_o the_o set_n forth_o of_o those_o bound_n the_o name_n first_o of_o aquitain_n after_o its_o be_v lose_v be_v retain_v in_o the_o admiral_n be_v commission_n and_o then_o that_o also_o of_o normandy_n be_v add_v and_o afterward_o both_o of_o they_o with_o the_o name_n of_o calais_n and_o the_o march_n in_o stead_n of_o the_o shore_n of_o picardy_n be_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n continue_v down_o to_o our_o time_n which_o 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those_o island_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n for_o it_o be_v general_o know_v that_o after_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o normandy_n itself_o that_o the_o isle_n caesaria_n and_o sarnia_n which_o we_o call_v jersey_n and_o garnesey_n aureney_n and_o some_o other_o neighbour_a isle_n lie_v near_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n and_o bretaign_n yea_o and_o situate_v within_o that_o creek_n of_o sea_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o shore_n of_o bretaign_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o that_o of_o normandy_n on_o the_o other_o have_v in_o the_o follow_a age_n 5._o both_o now_o and_o heretofore_o remain_v in_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n but_o by_o the_o sentence_n pass_v against_o k._n john_n as_o duke_n of_o normandy_n for_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o nephew_n arthur_n the_o french_a will_v have_v he_o deprive_v of_o all_o the_o right_o he_o have_v to_o normandy_n and_o afterward_o 1_o henry_n the_o three_o resign_v his_o right_n to_o normandy_n but_o suppose_v we_o grant_v what_o be_v common_o receive_v that_o these_o island_n be_v of_o the_o norman_a jurisdiction_n or_o belong_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n yet_o true_o even_o so_o they_o neither_o can_v be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o sentence_n nor_o do_v they_o fall_v to_o the_o french_a by_o resignation_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o of_o the_o island_n place_v therein_o be_v still_o retain_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n almost_o as_o many_o priory_n be_v in_o england_n itself_o who_o though_o they_o be_v belong_v to_o the_o norman_a government_n in_o church-matter_n yet_o even_o as_o they_o be_v of_o the_o government_n of_o normandy_n they_o ever_o remain_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n as_o long_o as_o the_o privilege_n of_o monastery_n be_v in_o force_n among_o the_o english_a as_o be_v situate_a within_o the_o undoubted_a bound_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n nor_o be_v it_o easy_o understand_v 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this_o whole_a sea_n unto_o they_o as_o far_o as_o the_o shore_n or_o port_n lie_v over_o against_o we_o but_o concern_v that_o libel_n i_o shall_v add_v more_o by_o and_o by_o nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v omit_v that_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o shore_n large_a than_o that_o of_o picardy_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n happen_v first_o at_o that_o time_n wherein_o those_o isle_n be_v so_o retain_v by_o the_o english_a after_o they_o be_v out_v of_o normandy_n for_o before_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n bretaign_n and_o normandy_n be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o other_o prince_n that_o of_o aquitain_n and_o normandy_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o english_a and_o that_o of_o bretaign_n by_o the_o duke_n or_o earl_n of_o that_o country_n so_o that_o the_o french_a king_n have_v neither_o any_o shore_n almost_o nor_o any_o considerable_a use_n of_o sea-affair_n at_o that_o time_n by_o which_o mean_v also_o the_o english_a do_v with_o the_o more_o ease_n retain_v the_o aforesaid_a ancient_a possession_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o isle_n after_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o norman_a duchy_n and_o this_o sufficient_o appear_v also_o by_o that_o sea-fight_n perform_v between_o the_o french_a fleet_n command_v by_o eustachius_n the_o monk_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n augustus_n king_n of_o france_n and_o the_o english_a fleet_n under_o the_o command_n of_o philip_n de_fw-fr albenie_fw-fr governor_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a island_n and_o john_n marshal_n who_o both_o careful_o guard_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o french_a fleet_n of_o about_o 80_o sail_n be_v design_v to_o transport_v auxiliarie_n force_n out_o of_o france_n for_o lewis_n afterward_o the_o eight_o of_o that_o name_n that_o be_v king_n of_o france_n who_o through_o the_o treason_n of_o some_o conspirator_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o english_a king_n in_o england_n this_o of_o the_o french_a be_v assail_v by_o a_o english_a fleet_n of_o 40_o sail._n but_o cottonianâ_fw-la roger_n of_o wendover_n and_o matthew_n paris_n tell_v we_o that_o part_n of_o the_o french_a who_o have_v not_o be_v use_v to_o sea-fight_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n whole_o defeat_v observe_v here_o they_o say_v that_o hitherto_o the_o french_a be_v not_o accustom_v to_o fight_v by_o sea_n but_o of_o the_o english_a they_o say_v the_o english_a be_v warlike_a and_o skilled_a in_o sea-fight_n gall_v they_o with_o dart_n and_o arrow_n run_v they_o through_o with_o their_o lance_n do_v execution_n with_o their_o sword_n sink_v their_o ship_n and_o they_o with_o lime_n which_o they_o do_v by_o throw_v the_o powder_n of_o lime_n into_o the_o aër_fw-la so_o it_o may_v be_v drive_v by_o the_o wind_n into_o the_o french-men_n eye_n they_o be_v deprive_v also_o of_o all_o hope_n of_o relief_n and_o succour_n and_o know_v not_o which_o way_n to_o sly_a the_o english_a at_o that_o time_n time_n be_v expert_a in_o sea-fight_n do_v by_o this_o mean_n make_v good_a the_o possession_n of_o their_o sea_n and_o the_o isle_n also_o that_o be_v situate_a therein_o for_o even_o this_o fight_n relate_n to_o the_o second_o year_n of_o henry_n â—ondin_fw-fr the_o three_o or_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mccxviii_o that_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n almost_o when_o the_o english_a be_v first_o deprive_v of_o normandy_n but_o as_o to_o that_o which_o be_v common_o say_v that_o these_o island_n first_o belong_v to_o the_o english_a norman_a privilegiis_fw-la right_a or_o by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n it_o be_v as_o easy_o deny_v as_o affirm_v by_o any_o nor_o be_v there_o any_o weight_n in_o this_o reason_n that_o because_o those_o island_n have_v and_o ever_o have_v certain_a custom_n like_o the_o norman_a therefore_o they_o do_v belong_v to_o normandy_n for_o the_o norman_a custom_n be_v often_o use_v in_o england_n as_o the_o roman_a be_v sometime_o by_o other_o nation_n yet_o every_o man_n know_v this_o can_v be_v no_o ground_n for_o such_o a_o argument_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o more_o to_o the_o purpose_n that_o those_o island_n be_v within_o the_o diocese_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o constances_n in_o normandy_n until_o that_o in_o our_o grand-father_n day_n they_o become_v subject_a to_o the_o bishop_n of_o dorso_fw-la winchester_n their_o ecclesiastic_a government_n be_v a_o long_a time_n derive_v out_o of_o normandy_n with_o more_o convenience_n indeed_o because_o of_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o place_n which_o begin_v as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v in_o those_o day_n when_o the_o english_a possess_v the_o shore_n on_o both_o side_n but_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v thence_o that_o those_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n any_o more_o than_o that_o the_o many_o priory_n heretofore_o in_o england_n who_o be_v of_o foreign_a jurisdiction_n in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n do_v therefore_o belong_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o foreign_a prince_n and_o not_o to_o that_o of_o the_o english_a king_n as_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v every_o jot_n as_o weak_a also_o which_o they_o use_v to_o allege_v about_o the_o norman_a language_n be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o island_n the_o people_n of_o cornwâ—l_n in_o england_n have_v always_o use_v the_o welsh_a tongue_n at_o least_o with_o a_o little_a alteration_n in_o the_o dialect_n as_o the_o bretaigns_n do_v also_o in_o france_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n use_v the_o irish_a tongue_n yet_o no_o man_n will_v conclude_v thence_o either_o that_o this_o paie_n obedience_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_n or_o king_n of_o ireland_n or_o that_o the_o other_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o prince_n by_o any_o right_n of_o the_o welsh_a principality_n we_o know_v indeed_o that_o
sometime_o slight_a mention_n be_v make_v not_o only_o in_o the_o proêm_n of_o some_o charter_n of_o late_a time_n but_o also_o in_o several_a ancient_a petition_n of_o the_o islander_n that_o those_o island_n belong_v heretofore_o to_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o yet_o we_o know_v as_o well_o that_o those_o province_n which_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v derive_v by_o inheritance_n to_o our_o king_n in_o france_n of_o which_o kind_n true_o these_o island_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v if_o they_o be_v hold_v as_o part_n of_o normandy_n be_v always_o permit_v so_o to_o use_v their_o own_o custom_n and_o ancient_a form_n of_o jurisdiction_n that_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o subject_n to_o the_o 19_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o court_n of_o england_n the_o same_o privilege_n be_v ever_o allow_v likewise_o to_o the_o people_n of_o aquitain_n anjou_n normandy_n and_o other_o yea_o and_o some_o age_n since_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v please_v to_o order_n that_o such_o controversy_n as_o happen_v there_o shall_v not_o be_v decide_v in_o any_o other_o place_n out_o of_o the_o island_n but_o in_o their_o own_o court_n of_o judicature_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o edward_n the_o 2d_o second_o and_o a._n three_o time_n which_o without_o doubt_n make_v good_a search_n into_o that_o right_n whereby_o those_o island_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n there_o be_v justice_n itinerant_a that_o be_v officer_n create_v of_o old_a who_o be_v often_o by_o ordinary_a right_n to_o take_v cognisance_n especial_o of_o the_o more_o heinous_a crime_n through_o all_o the_o county_n of_o england_n also_o of_o such_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o be_v usurp_v and_o arrogate_a by_o any_o and_o of_o other_o matter_n for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o be_v usual_o bring_v into_o court_n of_o justice_n who_o be_v 16._o sometime_o also_o call_v justitiae_fw-la errantes_fw-la justice_n errant_a be_v wont_a to_o be_v send_v forth_o into_o those_o island_n as_o well_o as_o into_o the_o county_n of_o england_n though_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v indeed_o exclaim_v and_o sometime_o prefer_v their_o petition_n against_o this_o kind_n of_o jurisdiction_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o very_a officer_n who_o be_v themselves_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n then_o be_v that_o those_o commission_n whereby_o they_o be_v so_o enable_v to_o administer_v justice_n in_o those_o island_n be_v not_o only_o ground_v upon_o law_n which_o be_v the_o opinion_n also_o of_o those_o who_o rule_v at_o that_o time_n in_o this_o nation_n but_o also_o that_o the_o very_a province_n of_o the_o island_n be_v so_o incorporate_v one_o with_o another_o as_o they_o be_v all_o with_o england_n throughout_o the_o extent_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o lie_v between_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o english_a custom_n in_o the_o province_n or_o country_n that_o a_o caus_n be_v sometime_o enlarge_v they_o may_v appoint_v day_n of_o appearance_n to_o any_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o island_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o any_o one_o of_o the_o isle_n in_o the_o other_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v use_v within_o england_n itself_o which_o appear_v by_o the_o commission_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr scardeburgh_n and_o his_o fellow-justice_n in_o the_o time_n of_o scaccarii_fw-la edward_n the_o three_o and_o londinensi_fw-la other_o of_o that_o age._n but_o it_o be_v never_o hear_v i_o suppose_v that_o upon_o such_o a_o enlargement_n a_o time_n of_o appearance_n may_v by_o our_o common_a law_n be_v appoint_v in_o any_o other_o place_n but_o that_o which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o jurisdiction_n as_o contain_v within_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n whereto_o also_o that_o place_n belong_v out_o of_o which_o any_o one_o be_v so_o adjourn_v nor_o do_v i_o remember_v that_o any_o such_o thing_n be_v ever_o so_o much_o as_o attempt_v in_o those_o province_n which_o be_v not_o reckon_v in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n yet_o possess_v upon_o another_o title_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o the_o dutchy_n of_o anjou_n normandy_n aquitain_n and_o the_o like_a moreover_o also_o in_o the_o more_o ancient_a charter_n of_o some_o of_o our_o king_n in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o etc._n privilege_n of_o islander_n they_o be_v note_v more_o than_o once_o for_o such_o privilege_n as_o they_o or_o their_o ancestor_n or_o predecessor_n have_v enjoy_v under_o the_o obedience_n of_o any_o of_o our_o progenitor_n be_v king_n of_o england_n sure_o if_o it_o have_v be_v then_o believe_v that_o those_o island_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o they_o have_v add_v also_o or_o duke_n of_o normandy_n which_o we_o find_v true_o in_o some_o charter_n of_o 19_o late_a time_n yet_o so_o that_o in_o these_o also_o those_o isle_n be_v say_v in_o express_a term_n and_o that_o upon_o very_o good_a ground_n to_o be_v retain_v in_o sealtie_n and_o obedience_n to_o our_o crown_n of_o england_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o the_o islander_n petition_v the_o king_n in_o parliament_n for_o their_o privilege_n and_o custom_n be_v which_o have_v be_v establish_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n annex_v the_o custom_n of_o some_o of_o the_o island_n among_o which_o be_v these_o item_n that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v question_v about_o his_o freehold_n after_o he_o have_v quiet_o enjoy_v it_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o writ_n take_v out_o of_o the_o chancery_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n make_v special_a mention_n both_o of_o the_o tenement_n itself_o and_o of_o the_o tenant_n item_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v put_v to_o answer_n before_o the_o king_n justice_n of_o assize_n until_o they_o first_o give_v they_o copy_n of_o their_o commission_n of_o assize_n under_o their_o seal_n item_n that_o the_o king_n justice_n assign_v by_o commission_n for_o the_o bold_v of_o assize_n ought_v not_o to_o hold_v plea_n here_o long_a than_o the_o space_n of_o three_o week_n true_o these_o ancient_a custom_n seem_v so_o to_o reâ—â—sh_v as_o if_o those_o island_n have_v be_v subject_a to_o our_o king_n &_o their_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n by_o the_o right_n of_o english_a empire_n not_o by_o the_o norman_a although_o the_o islander_n insinuate_v also_o in_o the_o same_o petition_n that_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n of_o normandy_n add_v hereto_o also_o that_o the_o â—sle_n of_o serk_n be_v grant_v by_o queen_n 3_o elisabeth_n to_o herelie_o the_o carteret_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la by_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o a_o feud_n belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n notwithstanding_o that_o it_o be_v unaware_o or_o else_o careless_o admit_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o this_o grant_n to_o be_v within_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n but_o in_o the_o treaty_n hold_v at_o chartres_n when_o edward_n the_o three_o renounce_v his_o claim_n to_o normandy_n and_o some_o other_o country_n of_o france_n that_o border_v upon_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v add_v that_o no_o controversy_n shall_v remain_v touch_v the_o island_n but_o that_o he_o shall_v hold_v all_o island_n whatsoëver_o which_o he_o possess_v at_o that_o time_n whether_o they_o lie_v before_o those_o country_n that_o â—ee_n hold_v or_o 3._o other_o for_o reason_n require_v this_o to_o maintain_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n yea_o both_o jersey_n and_o gernsey_n as_o also_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o man_n be_v say_v in_o divers_a treaty_n hold_v betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o other_o prince_n to_o belong_v unto_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o to_o lie_v cottonianâ_fw-la near_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n these_o isle_n also_o be_v grant_v heretofore_o by_o king_n 27._o henry_n the_o five_o to_o his_o brother_n john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n without_o any_o recognition_n to_o be_v make_v unto_o we_o or_o our_o heir_n notwithstanding_o any_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o any_o other_o tenure_n hold_v of_o we_o out_o of_o the_o say_a island_n which_o may_v in_o any_o wise_a belong_v unto_o the_o say_a island_n castle_n or_o dominion_n which_o word_n seem_v not_o in_o the_o least_o measure_n to_o admit_v any_o right_n of_o the_o duchy_n perhaps_o also_o that_o ancient_a custom_n be_v as_o a_o token_n or_o pledge_n of_o the_o sea_n dominion_n be_v conjoin_v with_o that_o of_o the_o isle_n whereby_o all_o the_o fish_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o record_n of_o 18._o edward_n the_o three_o take_v by_o the_o fisherman_n of_o
our_o isle_n of_o gernesey_n jersey_n serk_n and_o aureney_n in_o the_o sea_n between_o easter_n and_o michaelmas_n be_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o place_n acknowledge_v to_o belong_v unto_o we_o at_o a_o reasonable_a rate_n to_o be_v pay_v therefore_o and_o that_o the_o say_v fisherman_n be_v bind_v to_o carry_v all_o the_o fish_n by_o they_o take_v between_o the_o time_n aforesaid_a unto_o certain_a place_n in_o those_o isle_n appoint_v that_o the_o officer_n under_o our_o governor_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a isle_n may_v take_v thence_o for_o our_o use_n at_o what_o price_n they_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o reasonable_a nor_o be_v that_o to_o be_v slight_v which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n or_o monastery_n of_o teuxburie_n concern_v henry_n beauchamp_n duke_n of_o warwick_n who_o be_v invest_v by_o henry_n the_o sixth_o with_o the_o title_n and_o dignity_n of_o king_n not_o only_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n but_o also_o of_o gernesey_n and_o jersey_n whereunto_o the_o other_o isle_n in_o this_o tract_n do_v in_o a_o civil_a sens_fw-fr belong_v the_o same_o thing_n be_v record_v of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n by_o that_o learned_a man_n 430._o william_n camden_n and_o that_o out_o of_o the_o same_o book_n the_o cottonianâ_fw-la book_n itself_o speak_v after_o this_o manner_n but_o the_o noble_a lord_n henry_n duke_n of_o warwick_n and_o first_o earl_n of_o england_n lord_z le_z dispenser_n and_o de_fw-fr abergeveney_n king_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o gardsey_n and_o jardsey_n lord_n also_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o bristol_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n thereunto_o belong_v die_v 3_o idus_fw-la junii_fw-la anno_fw-la dom._n 1446._o in_o the_o twenty_o second_o year_n of_o his_o age_n at_o the_o castle_n of_o hanley_n and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o choir_n at_o teuxburie_n and_o a_o little_a before_o it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o same_o man_n that_o he_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o wight_n by_o the_o king_n be_v own_o hand_n no_o express_a mention_n be_v make_v in_o that_o place_n of_o the_o other_o island_n but_o they_o reckon_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o this_o as_o they_o be_v part_n of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v believe_v that_o those_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n have_v be_v so_o turn_v into_o a_o kingdom_n though_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n unless_o even_o they_o also_o who_o make_v they_o a_o kingdom_n have_v conceive_v that_o they_o possess_v they_o before_o by_o a_o title_n superior_a to_o that_o of_o the_o duchy_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o a_o kingly_a title_n as_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o when_o he_o have_v determine_v that_o robert_n earl_n of_o oxford_n who_o also_o be_v marquis_n of_o dublin_n and_o duke_n of_o ireland_n shall_v be_v creât_v londin_n king_n of_o ireland_n questionless_a do_v not_o doubt_v but_o that_o he_o himself_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n possess_v that_o island_n by_o no_o less_o a_o title_n and_o dignity_n than_o of_o king_n although_o the_o name_n of_o lord_n be_v whole_o use_v there_o at_o that_o time_n 1._o in_o stead_n of_o king_n as_o also_o until_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o so_o it_o be_v conceive_v upon_o good_a ground_n that_o those_o isle_n and_o the_o sea_n lie_v about_o they_o do_v though_o they_o use_v different_a custom_n constitute_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o empire_n with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n whereunto_o also_o that_o special_a privilege_n of_o they_o do_v relate_v whereby_o through_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o enjoie_v the_o benefit_n of_o freedom_n from_o hostility_n by_o sea_n though_o there_o be_v a_o war_n on_o foot_n between_o the_o neighbor-nation_n round_o about_o but_o of_o this_o more_o 22._o hereafter_o and_o in_o their_o court-record_n which_o contain_v the_o act_n or_o decree_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a justice_n itinerant_a we_o very_o often_o find_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o phrase_n be_v a_o evidence_n of_o the_o english_a government_n also_o in_o londin_n their_o trial_n those_o form_n in_o contempt_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n and_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o aforescid_a advousen_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o of_o his_o fee_n and_o in_o right_a of_o his_o crown_n and_o other_o not_o a_o few_o of_o that_o kind_n we_o meet_v with_o which_o savour_v not_o of_o any_o right_n of_o the_o duchy_n add_v moreover_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n so_o hold_v the_o right_n heretofore_o not_o only_o of_o the_o isle_n over_o against_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n but_o of_o those_o also_o which_o be_v opposite_a to_o aquitain_n as_o a_o pledge_n or_o concomitant_a of_o his_o possession_n of_o that_o sea_n so_o far_o as_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n that_o though_o our_o henry_n the_o three_o renounce_v his_o claim_n to_o no_o small_a part_n of_o aquitain_n yet_o that_o isle_n lie_v before_o it_o call_v oleron_n no_o less_o famous_a in_o the_o west_n for_o chapter_n naval_a law_n than_o rhodes_n be_v of_o old_a he_o grant_v to_o his_o elder_a son_n edward_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o time_n to_o come_v as_o a_o perpetual_a appendant_a of_o the_o english_a crown_n for_o this_o claus_n be_v add_v to_o the_o grant_v so_o scaccarii_fw-la that_o the_o say_a isle_n may_v always_o remain_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o never_o be_v alienate_v from_o the_o same_o also_o in_o his_o letter_n grant_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o oleron_n he_o say_v 3_o we_o will_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a sever_v you_o from_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n some_o year_n before_o also_o he_o in_o like_a manner_n make_v a_o grant_n of_o 66._o gascoign_n or_o those_o part_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n near_o the_o sea_n to_o prince_n edward_n upon_o condition_n it_o shall_v remain_v entire_o and_o for_o ever_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n so_o without_o doubt_v his_o intent_n be_v that_o both_o the_o seacoast_n and_o this_o isle_n shall_v in_o a_o special_a manner_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o say_a prince_n but_o by_o no_o mean_n be_v disjoin_v from_o the_o english_a empire_n any_o more_o than_o the_o sea_n its_o self_n which_o wash_v their_o shore_n and_o although_o after_o a_o while_n both_o this_o and_o some_o other_o neighbour_a isle_n do_v many_o age_n since_o for_o divers_a reason_n follow_v the_o fate_n of_o those_o french_a shore_n which_o lie_v next_o to_o they_o yet_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n remain_v entire_a as_o it_o do_v before_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o it_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o those_o other_o passage_n which_o we_o have_v show_v the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n assert_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o that_o leave_v of_o praeter-navigation_n or_o passage_n which_o have_v be_v usual_o either_o grant_v by_o they_o to_o foreiner_n or_o desire_v from_o they_o chap._n xx._n those_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v hitherto_o allege_v concern_v this_o possession_n and_o dominion_n be_v confirm_v by_o several_a passport_n that_o have_v be_v obtain_v from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o leave_v to_o pass_v through_o this_o sea_n whereof_o we_o have_v clear_a testimony_n in_o record_n that_o be_v to_o say_v grant_v at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o foreiner_n our_o henry_n the_o 5._o four_o grant_v leave_v to_o ferrando_n urtis_n de_fw-fr sarachione_n a_o spaniard_n to_o fail_v free_o from_o the_o port_n of_o london_n through_o our_o kingdom_n dominion_n and_o jurisdiction_n to_o the_o town_n of_o rochel_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o this_o place_n our_o dominion_n and_o jurisdiction_n do_v relate_v to_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o and_o when_o charles_n the_o sixth_o king_n of_o france_n send_v ambassador_n to_o robert_n the_o three_o king_n of_o scot_n to_o treat_v about_o the_o make_n of_o a_o league_n they_o upon_o request_n make_v to_o the_o same_o henry_n obtain_v passport_n for_o their_o safe_a passage_n par_fw-fr touz_v 14._o noz_fw-fr povoirs_fw-fr destrois_fw-fr &_o signory_n par_fw-fr mer_n &_o par_fw-fr terre_fw-fr that_o be_v through_o all_o place_n under_o our_o power_n territory_n and_o dominion_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n there_o be_v innumerable_a other_o letter_n of_o passport_n call_v safe_a conduct_n in_o the_o record_n especial_o of_o henry_n the_o five_o and_o sixth_o whereby_o safe_a port_n and_o passage_n be_v usual_o grant_v as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o rivers_n that_o be_v to_o say_v throughout_o the_o whole_a dominion_n of_o he_o that_o make_v the_o grant_n and_o it_o be_v
to_o be_v present_v touch_v that_o business_n unto_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n king_n of_o france_n but_o only_o as_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v as_o lord_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v between_o and_o it_o be_v very_o improbable_a and_o not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v admit_v that_o they_o will_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n for_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o use_v to_o debate_v such_o matter_n a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o pass_v a_o bill_n that_o they_o will_v i_o say_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n require_v a_o impose_v of_o custom_n by_o the_o act_n of_o a_o english_a parliament_n in_o a_o place_n that_o be_v not_o subject_a as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o king_n of_o england_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o our_o present_a king_n charles_n do_v this_o last_o year_n declare_v that_o himself_o and_o his_o progenitor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v in_o all_o time_n hitherto_o by_o a_o ancient_a and_o most_o just_a title_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o his_o 1634._o letter_n patent_n send_v to_o the_o maritime_a county_n of_o england_n whereby_o ship-monie_n be_v impose_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o dominion_n by_o sea_n add_v moreover_o hereunto_o that_o in_o the_o agreement_n make_v betwixt_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n about_o the_o wear_n of_o colors_z or_o flag_n in_o every_o ship_n and_o punish_v offender_n by_o sea_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n be_v call_v londinensi_fw-la admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n du_fw-fr dict_z roy_fw-fr d_o engleterre_fw-fr or_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n other_o testimony_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o record_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n which_o i_o shall_v discourse_n of_o in_o the_o next_o place_n and_o after_o that_o concern_v the_o testimony_n of_o foreiner_n of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v chap._n xxiv_o the_o seven_o of_o those_o head_n according_a to_o the_o former_a division_n which_o manifest_a the_o aforesaid_a dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n relate_n to_o our_o law-book's_a and_o the_o receive_a custom_n therein_o which_o prove_v it_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v also_o in_o they_o many_o particular_n that_o may_v relate_v hereunto_o which_o be_v explain_v now_o and_o then_o touch_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o english_a admiralty_n and_o other_o thing_n already_o handle_v but_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v use_v either_o the_o determination_n and_o commentary_n of_o our_o own_o lawyer_n or_o chief_o such_o court-record_n as_o explain_v their_o opinion_n i_o confess_v indeed_o in_o some_o of_o the_o author_n of_o our_o law_n who_o write_v above_o cccl_o year_n ago_o or_o thereabouts_o after_o they_o have_v as_o the_o manner_n than_o be_v read_v through_o the_o civil_a law_n also_o they_o be_v so_o strict_a in_o follow_v those_o determination_n word_n for_o word_n which_o they_o find_v concern_v the_o sea_n in_o that_o law_n that_o when_o they_o treat_v the_o acquirendo_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la of_o the_o manner_n of_o acquire_v the_o dominion_n of_o thing_n they_o tranfer_v they_o into_o their_o own_o writing_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o henry_n bracton_n who_o be_v a_o very_a famous_a lawyer_n at_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o say_v 6._o naturali_fw-la jure_fw-la communia_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la haec_fw-la aqua_fw-la profluens_fw-la aër_fw-la &_o mare_n &_o litora_fw-la maris_fw-la quasi_fw-la maris_fw-la accessoria_fw-la by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v common_a run_v water_n the_o aër_fw-la and_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o accessory_n or_o dependent_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o aedificia_fw-la si_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr five_o in_fw-la litore_fw-la posita_fw-la fuerint_fw-la aedificantium_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la if_o building_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o shore_n they_o become_v they_o that_o build_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o a_o little_a after_o jus_fw-la piscandi_fw-la omnibus_fw-la common_a est_fw-la in_o portu_fw-la &_o in_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la a_o right_a of_o fish_v be_v common_a to_o all_o in_o a_o haven_n and_o in_o rivers_n which_o we_o find_v likewise_o in_o purchas_n some_o other_o of_o our_o law-book_n of_o that_o age_n as_o a_o passage_n that_o fall_v from_o some_o writer_n of_o who_o i_o speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o former_a book_n that_o be_v more_o affect_v than_o be_v meet_v with_o the_o word_n of_o ulpian_n and_o justinian_n in_o the_o general_a division_n of_o thing_n but_o these_o very_a man_n in_o other_o place_n show_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n do_v sufficient_o admit_v the_o king_n dominion_n by_o sea_n for_o bracton_n himself_o afterward_o speak_v of_o they_o that_o by_o the_o king_n grace_n and_o favour_n 57_o quieti_fw-la sint_fw-la de_fw-la theolonio_n &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la dandis_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la &_o mari_fw-fr &_o per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v exempt_v from_o pay_v toll_n and_o custom_n throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o land_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n both_o by_o land_n and_o by_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o same_o king_n time_n a_o freedom_n from_o some_o payment_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o so_o bracton_n when_o he_o return_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n no_o less_o than_o the_o land_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v also_o that_o inter_fw-la capitula_fw-la coronae_fw-la as_o they_o call_v they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o article_n or_o chief_a head_n whereof_o enquiry_n be_v to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n by_o judge_n delegated_a throughout_o england_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n we_o find_v this_o also_o de_fw-fr purpresturis_fw-la factis_fw-la super_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_n etc._n etc._n of_o tenant_n pourpresture_n make_v upon_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n either_o on_o land_n or_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o sweet_a water_n either_o within_o the_o liberty_n or_o without_o or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n whatsoëver_o and_o it_o be_v place_v among_o the_o article_n of_o this_o kind_n recite_v by_o a._n bracton_n himself_o and_o in_o the_o 20._o author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v fleta_n but_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n we_o call_v those_o thing_n pourpresture_n whereby_o detriment_n be_v do_v to_o any_o public_a place_n belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o public_a thoroughfare_n a_o river_n and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o ordinary_a article_n touch_v pourpresture_n in_o the_o general_a form_n of_o enquiry_n the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o king_n no_o less_o than_o of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_n and_o river_n agreeable_a hereto_o be_v that_o article_n about_o any_o kind_n of_o salt-water_n be_v enclose_v by_o any_o subject_n or_o possess_v in_o any_o other_o manner_n which_o in_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o our_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o disherison_n of_o the_o king_n the_o word_n be_v there_o 33._o item_n soit_fw-fr enquis_fw-la de_fw-fr ceulx_fw-fr qui_fw-fr acrochent_fw-fr à _fw-fr eulx_fw-fr eaves_n salee_v en_fw-fr desheretison_fw-fr du_fw-fr roy._n and_o at_o this_o day_n enquiry_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v about_o that_o business_n by_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n robert_n belknap_n also_o a_o eminent_a judge_n in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o 46._o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o english_a kingdom_n or_o of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n his_o word_n in_o the_o norman_a tongue_n run_v thus_o le_fw-fr mere_a est_fw-fr del_fw-it ligeans_n del_o roy_n come_v de_fw-fr son_fw-fr corone_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr he_o add_v to_o his_o word_n in_o a_o remarkable_a way_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n or_o as_o belong_v
cognisance_n of_o thing_n do_v contrary_a to_o this_o truce_n and_o pass_v their_o judgement_n according_a to_o the_o dorso_n la_o or_o custom_n of_o merchant_n and_o the_o form_n of_o sufferance_n after_o a_o revolution_n of_o some_o year_n wherein_o this_o kind_n of_o truce_n take_v place_n and_o sometime_o not_o a_o league_n be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mccciii_o which_o be_v the_o one_o and_o thirty_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o the_o first_o article_n of_o that_o league_n be_v 2._o that_o those_o king_n shall_v not_o only_o be_v at_o amity_n with_o each_o other_o but_o also_o that_o they_o shall_v defend_v one_o another_o in_o all_o manner_n of_o right_n against_o any_o other_o whomsoêver_o except_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n his_o son_n in_o law_n john_n duke_n of_o brabant_n but_o on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n albertus_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n and_z john_n earl_n of_o henault_n but_o the_o three_o article_n thereof_o for_o the_o first_o and_o three_o be_v of_o singular_a use_n in_o that_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o and_o by_o be_v this_o item_n il_fw-fr est_fw-fr accord_n qe_fw-fr l'un_fw-fr ne_fw-fr receptera_fw-fr ne_fw-fr sustendra_fw-fr ne_fw-fr confortera_fw-mi ne_fw-fr fera_fw-fr comfort_n ne_o aid_n as_o enemy_n de_fw-fr l'_fw-fr autre_fw-fr ne_fw-fr soffera_fw-mi qu'_fw-fr ils_fw-fr eient_fw-fr comfort_n souccor_n ne_o aid_n soit_fw-fr de_fw-fr gent_n d'_fw-fr arm_n ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr victual_n ou_fw-fr d'_fw-fr autres_fw-fr choses_fw-fr queles_a q'_fw-fr eye_n soient_fw-fr de_fw-fr ses_fw-fr terres_fw-la ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr son_fw-fr poiar_n mais_fw-fr adiondera_fw-la sur_fw-fr peine_fw-fr de_fw-fr forfeiture_n de_fw-fr corpse_n &_o d'_fw-fr avoir_fw-fr &_o empeschera_fw-la à _fw-la tot_fw-la son_n poair_a loiaument_n en_fw-fr bon_fw-fr foi_fw-fr qe_fw-fr les_fw-fr dit_n enemy_n ne_fw-fr soient_fw-fr resceipt_n ne_fw-fr conforte_n es_fw-la terres_fw-la de_fw-fr sa_fw-fr seignurie_n ne_fw-fr de_fw-fr son_fw-fr poiar_n ne_fw-fr q'ils_fw-fr en_fw-fr aient_fw-fr comfort_n soccour_v ne_o aid_n soit_fw-fr gent_n d'_fw-fr arm_n des_fw-fr chevaux_fw-fr d'_fw-fr armeures_fw-fr de_fw-fr vitail_n ou_fw-fr d'_fw-fr autres_fw-fr choses_fw-fr queles_a q'_fw-fr eye_n soient_fw-fr which_o be_v in_o english_a to_o this_o effect_n that_o according_a to_o this_o contract_n of_o amity_n they_o be_v neither_o of_o they_o in_o any_o wise_a to_o cherish_v the_o enemy_n of_o the_o other_o nor_o suffer_v any_o kind_n of_o aid_n or_o relief_n to_o be_v afford_v they_o in_o their_o territory_n the_o war_n be_v thus_o at_o a_o end_n because_o there_o arise_v very_o many_o complaint_n concern_v injury_n do_v up_o and_o down_o as_o well_o in_o the_o more_o open_a as_o in_o our_o own_o sea_n during_o the_o special_a truce_n afore_o mention_v but_o also_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n may_v arise_v perhaps_o after_o the_o league_n be_v make_v especial_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n at_o that_o time_n betwixt_o the_o french_a king_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n therefore_o commissioner_n be_v appoint_v by_o both_o prince_n to_o hear_v and_o decide_v they_o and_o those_o at_o that_o time_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v robert_n junii_fw-la de_fw-fr burghershe_n constable_n of_o dover_n castle_n and_z john_n the_o banquell_n steward_n of_o pontoise_n baraldus_n de_fw-fr sescas_n and_o arnaldus_n ayquein_o knight_n on_o the_o french_a king_n behalf_n be_v appoint_v the_o lord_n saquil_o mittonius_n blanvillius_n bertrandus_fw-la jordanus_n and_o gulielmus_fw-la ralastansius_n knight_n also_o to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v take_v cognisance_n so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n of_o england_n commission_n des_fw-fr enterprise_n mesprise_n &_o forfaites_n en_fw-fr treve_n ou_fw-fr en_fw-fr sufferance_n entre_fw-fr nos_fw-la &_o le_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n d'_fw-fr un_fw-fr part_n &_o d'_fw-fr autre_fw-fr es_fw-mi costeres_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr &_o autres_fw-fr per_fw-la deceâ—_fw-la &_o ausint_fw-la per_fw-la dever_v normandy_n &_o autres_fw-fr costeres_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr per_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr that_o be_v of_o encroachment_n injury_n and_o offence_n commit_v on_o either_o side_n in_o time_n either_o of_o the_o league_n or_o sufferance_n or_o of_o the_o truce_n agree_v on_o between_o we_o and_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n for_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n only_o either_o upon_o the_o seacoast_n of_o england_n or_o any_o other_o neighbour_a coast_n of_o the_o sea_n either_o towards_o normandy_n or_o other_o more_o remote_a but_o the_o aforesaid_a party_n be_v authorize_v by_o two_o commission_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o the_o one_o commission_n contain_v four_o and_o the_o other_o also_o four_o a_o equal_a number_n be_v appoint_v by_o both_o the_o king_n they_o both_o bear_v date_n the_o last_o day_n of_o june_n mccciii_o to_o these_o commissioner_n or_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n the_o libel_n be_v joint_o exhibit_v by_o procurator_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o prelate_n and_o peer_n of_o england_n also_o of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n yea_o and_o of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n throughout_o england_n and_o last_o of_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n and_o other_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o how_o this_o can_v be_v do_v otherwise_o than_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v with_o these_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v join_v the_o procurator_n of_o most_o nation_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n throughout_o europe_n as_o the_o genoëse_n catalonian_o spaniard_n almain_n zelander_n hollander_n friâ—slanders_n dane_n and_o norwegian_n beside_o other_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n german_n empire_n all_o these_o together_o institute_v a_o action_n or_o complaint_n against_o reyner_n grimbald_n who_o be_v governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n have_v during_o the_o war_n between_o king_n philip_n of_o france_n and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n intercept_v and_o spoil_v merchant_n of_o their_o good_n in_o this_o sea_n that_o be_v bind_v for_o flanders_n and_o all_o these_o complainants_n joint_o say_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n without_o controversy_n enjoy_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o same_o by_o right_a of_o their_o realm_n of_o england_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o prescribe_v law_n statute_n and_o prohibition_n of_o arm_n and_o of_o ship_n otherwise_o furnish_v than_o with_o such_o necessary_n as_o belong_v to_o merchant_n and_o by_o demand_v surety_n and_o afford_v protection_n in_o all_o place_n where_o need_n shall_v require_v and_o order_v all_o other_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o peace_n right_o and_o equity_n between_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n pass_v through_o that_o sea_n as_o well_o stranger_n as_o other_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n also_o that_o they_o have_v have_v and_o have_v the_o sovereign_a guard_n thereof_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o conisance_n and_o jurisdiction_n in_o do_v right_o and_o justice_n according_a to_o the_o say_a law_n statute_n ordinance_n and_o prohibition_n and_o in_o all_o other_o matter_n which_o may_v concern_v the_o exercise_n of_o sovereign_a dominion_n in_o the_o say_a place_n to_o wit_n such_o matter_n as_o concern_v the_o office_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n then_o add_v the_o first_o article_n aforementioned_a of_o the_o league_n make_v but_o a_o little_a before_o whereby_o both_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o defend_v one_o another_o right_a they_o proceed_v in_o their_o accusation_n against_o grimbald_n say_v that_o he_o be_v only_a master_n of_o the_o navy_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n but_o call_v himself_o admiral_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o pretend'_v that_o he_o be_v authorize_v under_o that_o title_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n upon_o occasion_n of_o his_o make_a war_n against_o the_o fleming_n and_o that_o after_o the_o make_n of_o the_o say_a league_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o intent_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o same_o he_o have_v for_o above_o a_o year_n time_n unjust_o assume_v aâ—d_v usurp_v the_o office_n of_o admiral_n in_o the_o say_a sea_n by_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o commission_n take_v the_o people_n and_o merchant_n of_o england_n and_o other_o nation_n pass_v through_o that_o sea_n imprison_v and_o spoil_v they_o of_o their_o good_n and_o deliver_v they_o up_o to_o the_o king_n officer_n as_o good_n forfeit_v and_o confiscate_v and_o whereas_o he_o have_v in_o a_o very_a insolent_a manner_n justify_v these_o action_n of_o he_o in_o writing_n as_o don_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n his_o master_n commission_n as_o also_o according_a to_o
that_o be_v of_o the_o superiority_n or_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o the_o right_n of_o the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v also_o in_o the_o say_a agreement_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n also_o in_o one_o of_o the_o libel_n to_o those_o word_n be_v add_v retinendis_fw-la &_o confirmandis_fw-la all_o be_v very_o plain_o write_v in_o the_o usual_a character_n of_o that_o age_n whereunto_o the_o matter_n relate_n and_o there_o can_v be_v no_o scruple_n touch_v the_o reality_n and_o truth_n of_o they_o to_o any_o one_o that_o see_v they_o who_o be_v but_o a_o little_a acquaint_v with_o the_o ancient_a writing_n and_o such_o kind_n of_o record_n i_o give_v you_o the_o whole_a sens_fw-fr yea_o and_o partly_o the_o word_n before_o but_o now_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o set_v down_o a_o entire_a copy_n of_o the_o libel_n as_o it_o be_v write_v at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o french_a or_o norman_a tongue_n which_o run_v after_o this_o manner_n at_fw-fr vous_fw-fr signior_n auditor_n deputez_fw-fr per_fw-la les_fw-fr rois_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr france_n a_o redresser_n les_fw-fr damage_n faits_fw-fr as_o gentz_n de_fw-mi lour_v roiaulme_n &_o des_fw-fr altre_n terres_fw-la subgitz_fw-fr a_fw-fr leur_fw-fr seignury_n per_fw-la mire_n &_o per_fw-la terre_fw-fr en_fw-fr temps_fw-fr de_fw-fr pees_z &_o trewe_v monstrent_fw-la les_fw-fr procuror_n des_fw-fr praelatz_n et_fw-fr nobles_n &_o deal_v admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr &_o des_fw-fr commonalty_n des_fw-fr city_n &_o des_fw-fr villes_n &_o des_fw-fr marchaunz_n mariner_n messagiers_n &_o peleringe_n &_o de_fw-fr tous_fw-fr autres_fw-fr du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roiaulme_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr &_o des_fw-fr autres_fw-fr terres_fw-la subgit_n a_o in_o segnurie_n du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engletterre_fw-fr &_o do_v aillour_n si_fw-fr comme_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr marine_n de_fw-fr genue_fw-fr cateloigne_n espaigne_n alemaigne_n seland_n hoyland_n frise_n denemarch_n &_o norway_n &_o the_o plusour_n autres_fw-fr lieux_fw-fr del_fw-it empire_n que_fw-fr come_v les_fw-fr royes_n de_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr par_fw-la raison_n du_n dit_fw-fr royalme_n du_n temps_fw-fr de_fw-fr on_o it_o il_fw-fr nigh_o ad_fw-la memoir_v du_n contrary_a eussent_fw-fr este_fw-fr en_fw-fr paisible_a possession_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr sovuereigne_a seignurie_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mier_n de_fw-fr engleierre_fw-fr et_fw-fr des_fw-mi isle_n esteauns_n en_fw-fr ycelle_n par_fw-fr ordinance_n &_o establisement_n des_fw-fr lois_fw-fr estatute_n &_o defence_n do_v arm_n &_o des_fw-fr vesseaux_fw-fr autrement_fw-fr garny_n que_fw-fr vesseaux_fw-fr de_fw-fr merchandise_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr seurté_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr et_fw-fr savegarde_n donor_n en_fw-fr tous_fw-fr case_z que_fw-fr mesty_a sirrah_n et_fw-fr par_fw-fr ordinance_n de_fw-fr tous_fw-fr autres_fw-fr faits_fw-fr necessary_n a_o la_fw-fr garde_fw-fr des_fw-fr pee_z droiture_fw-fr et_fw-fr equite_v entre_fw-fr toute_fw-fr manere_fw-la des_fw-fr gentz_n taunt_n d'_fw-fr autre_fw-fr seignurie_n come_fw-mi leur_fw-fr propre_fw-fr par_fw-fr illeque'_v passanz_n et_fw-fr par_fw-fr sovereign_a guard_n et_fw-la tote_fw-la manere_fw-la de_fw-fr conisance_n et_fw-fr justice_n haute_fw-fr et_fw-fr base_n sur_fw-fr les_fw-fr dite_fw-fr lois_fw-fr estatut_n ordinance_n et_fw-la defence_n et_fw-fr par_fw-fr toutz_fw-fr aultre_n faitz_fw-fr queux_fw-fr à _fw-fr le_fw-fr government_n de_fw-fr sovereign_a seignurie_n appertenir_fw-fr purront_fw-fr es_fw-mi lieux_fw-fr avant_fw-fr ditz_fw-fr et_fw-fr a._n de_fw-fr b._n admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr mire_n deputez_fw-fr per_fw-la le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr et_fw-fr touz_v les_fw-fr autres_fw-fr admiral_n per_fw-la meisme_n celui_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr et_fw-fr ses_fw-fr auncestres_n jadis_fw-la rois_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr eussent_fw-fr este_fw-la in_o paisible_a possession_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr soverein_fw-la garde_fw-fr ove_fw-la la_fw-fr conisance_n et_fw-fr justice_n et_fw-fr toutz_fw-fr les_fw-fr aultre_n apertenance_n avantdite_n forspris_fw-la en_fw-fr case_z d'_fw-fr appell_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr querele_n fait_fw-fr de_fw-fr eux_fw-fr à _fw-fr lour_v sovereign_n roys_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr de_fw-fr deffault_n de_fw-fr droit_fw-fr ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr malvais_fw-fr juggement_n et_fw-la especialment_n par_fw-fr empechement_fw-fr metere_fw-la et_fw-la justice_n fair_a seurte_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pee_z de_fw-fr toute_fw-fr manere_fw-la des_fw-fr gentz_n usaunts_n arm_n en_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr mire_n vo_o menan_n niefs_fw-mi aultrement_fw-fr apparallez_fw-fr ou_fw-fr garniez_fw-fr que_fw-fr n'_fw-fr appartenoit_fw-fr au_fw-fr nief_n marchande_fw-ge et_fw-la en_fw-fr toutz_fw-fr aultre_n point_n en_fw-fr queux_fw-fr home_fw-fr peut_fw-fr aver_v reasonable_a cause_n the_o suspection_n vers_fw-la eau_fw-fr de_fw-fr robbery_n ou_fw-fr des_fw-fr autres_fw-fr mesfaits_n et_fw-la come_v les_fw-fr mistress_n des_fw-fr neif_n du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr royalme_n d'engleterre_fw-fr en_fw-fr absence_n des_fw-fr dit_n admiral_n eussent_fw-fr este_fw-la en_fw-fr paisible_a possession_n de_fw-fr conustre_fw-fr et_fw-fr jugger_n des_fw-fr touz_v faict_n en_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr mire_n entre_fw-fr toute_fw-fr manere_fw-la des_fw-fr gentz_n solonâ—_n les_fw-fr lois_fw-fr estatut_n et_fw-fr les_fw-fr defence_n et_fw-fr custumes_n et_fw-la come_v en_fw-fr le_fw-fr pimier_n article_n de_fw-fr l'_fw-fr alliance_n nadgair_v faite_fw-fr entre_fw-fr les_fw-fr dit_n roys_n en_fw-fr les_fw-fr traitz_fw-fr sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr darrain_a pee_z de_fw-mi paris_n soient_fw-fr comprise_v les_fw-fr paroles_fw-fr que_fw-fr â—ensujent_fw-fr en_fw-fr un_fw-fr cedule_n annexe_v à _fw-fr yâ—este_fw-fr at_o non_fw-la in_o schedulâ_fw-la annexâ_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o eâdem_fw-la membranâ_fw-la descriptum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la sequitur_fw-la unde_fw-la non_fw-la tam_fw-la ipsos_fw-la libellos_fw-la qui_fw-la cognitoribus_fw-la edebantur_fw-la quà m_fw-la sive_fw-la formulas_fw-la eorum_fw-la archetypas_fw-la sive_fw-la exemplaria_fw-la descripta_fw-la haec_fw-la esse_fw-la conjiciendum_fw-la fortè_fw-la est_fw-la utì_n etiam_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la quòd_fw-la admiralli_n angliae_fw-la nomen_fw-la aliter_fw-la ac_fw-la per_fw-la a._n de_fw-fr b._n non_fw-la inseratur_fw-la quae_fw-la prima_fw-la elementa_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la nominis_fw-la alicujus_fw-la tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la angliae_fw-la admiralli_n in_fw-la sacris_fw-la scriniis_fw-la reperti_fw-la primierement_n il_fw-fr est_fw-fr traict_n &_o accord_v entre_fw-fr nous_fw-fr &_o les_fw-fr messenger_n &_o les_fw-fr procurer_n susdit_n en_fw-fr nom_fw-fr des_fw-fr dit_n roys_n que_fw-fr iceux_fw-fr roys_n serront_fw-fr l'un_fw-fr à _fw-fr l'autre_fw-fr desore_n enavant_n bons_fw-fr uraye_v &_o loyaux_fw-fr amiss_o &_o eydans_fw-fr contre_fw-fr tout_fw-fr home_n sauve_fw-fr l'_fw-fr esglise_fw-fr de_fw-fr rome_n en_fw-fr tiele_fw-fr manner_n que_fw-fr si_fw-fr ascun_fw-fr ou_fw-fr plusieurs_fw-fr quicunque_n ils_fw-fr fuissent_fw-la voloient_fw-fr depointy_a empescher_fw-ge ou_fw-fr troubler_n les_fw-fr dit_n roye_v es_a franchise_n es_a liberty_n privilege_n es_fw-mi drois_fw-mi es_fw-mi droiture_n eu_fw-fr es_fw-mi custume_n de_fw-fr eux_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr leur_fw-fr royalme_n q'ils_fw-fr seront_fw-fr bons_fw-fr &_o loyaux_fw-fr amiss_o &_o aydans_fw-la contre_fw-fr tout_fw-fr home_fw-fr que_fw-fr pvisse_fw-fr viure_fw-fr &_o morir_fw-it à _fw-it defendre_fw-fr gardir_n &_o maintenir_fw-fr les_fw-fr franchise_n les_fw-fr liberty_n les_fw-fr privilege_n les_fw-fr droiture_n et_fw-fr les_fw-fr custume_n desusdite_v except_o pur_fw-mi le_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr angletterre_fw-fr mounseur_fw-fr johan_n duâ—_n de_fw-fr braban_n en_fw-fr brabant_n et_fw-fr ses_fw-fr heir_n dessendan_n de_fw-fr lui_fw-fr et_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr fille_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr et_fw-fr except_o pur_fw-mi le_fw-fr dite_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr â—e_n roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n l'_fw-fr excellent_a prince_n monsiur_fw-fr aubert_n roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr alemaigne_n et_fw-fr ces_fw-fr heir_n roye_v do_v alemaine_n et_fw-fr mounseur_fw-fr johan_n count_n de_fw-fr henau_n en_fw-fr henau_n et_fw-fr que_fw-fr l'un_fw-fr ne_fw-fr serra_fw-mi en_fw-fr consail_n ne_fw-fr en_fw-fr aid_n ou_fw-fr l'_fw-fr autre_fw-fr perde_o vie_fw-fr member_n estate_n ou_fw-fr honour_n mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n grimbaltz_n maistre_fw-mi de_fw-fr la_fw-fr navy_n du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n in_o english_a it_o run_v thus_o to_o you_o our_o lord_n commissioner_n auditor_n depute_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n to_o redress_v the_o wrong_n do_v to_o the_o people_n of_o their_o kingdom_n and_o of_o other_o territory_n subject_a to_o their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n and_o by_o land_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o truce_n the_o procurator_n of_o the_o prelate_n noble_n and_o of_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o commonalty_n of_o city_n and_o town_n and_o of_o the_o merchant_n mariner_n messengers_z inhabitant_n stranger_n and_o all_o other_o belong_v to_o the_o say_a realm_n of_o england_n and_o the_o other_o territory_n subject_a to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o other_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o same_o as_o also_o of_o divers_a other_o nation_n inhabitant_n of_o the_o sea-costs_a of_o genoa_n catalonia_n spain_n almaign_n zealand_n holland_n friesland_n denmark_n and_o norway_n and_o of_o divers_a other_o place_n of_o the_o empire_n do_v declare_v that_o whereas_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o right_a of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n from_z time_z to_o time_n whereof_o
he_o out_o of_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n yet_o 2._o joannes_n tilius_fw-la place_v he_o among_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n call_v he_o roverius_n grimaldus_n he_o also_o be_v that_o admiral_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o as_o joannes_n de_fw-fr 93._o beka_n say_v have_v command_v of_o three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o galley_n that_o be_v send_v by_o philip_n the_o fair_a in_o the_o year_n mccciv_o to_o aid_v the_o hollander_n against_o the_o fleming_n there_o be_v also_o several_a particular_n in_o the_o record_n of_o france_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o difference_n then_o on_o foot_n between_o the_o english_a and_o french_a and_o although_o that_o libel_n or_o any_o copy_n of_o it_o be_v not_o find_v therein_o if_o we_o may_v credit_v tilius_fw-la who_o set_v forth_o a_o catalogue_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o record_n yet_o there_o be_v that_o commission_n among_o they_o whereby_o the_o aforesaid_a auditor_n or_o commissioner_n be_v authorize_v to_o determine_v of_o thing_n do_v contrary_a to_o the_o league_n it_o be_v describe_v by_o 40._o tilius_fw-la after_o this_o manner_n pouvoir_fw-fr donè_fw-la par_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr edovard_n à _fw-fr deux_fw-fr nommez_fw-fr &_o accordez_fw-fr de_fw-fr sa_fw-fr part_n pour_fw-fr avec_fw-fr les_fw-fr deux_fw-fr eleuz_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr part_n du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr phelippe_n d'_fw-fr enquerir_fw-fr &_o amendir_fw-fr les_fw-fr forfaicte_v durant_fw-mi lour_v trefue_a le_fw-fr dernier_fw-fr juin_n mccciii_o ou_fw-fr tresor_fw-la layette_fw-fr procurationes_fw-la posse_fw-la &_o potestates_fw-la angliae_fw-la k._n power_n be_v give_v by_o king_n edward_n to_o two_o person_n name_v and_o appoint_v on_o his_o part_n to_o meet_v with_o two_o person_n choose_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o say_a king_n philip_n to_o make_v enquiry_n and_o give_v remedy_n touch_v injury_n commit_v during_o the_o truce_n betwixt_o they_o the_o last_o of_o june_n mccciii_o in_o the_o treasury_n in_o the_o box_n entitle_v procurationes_fw-la posse_fw-la &_o potestateâ—s_fw-la angliae_fw-la k._n the_o commission_n bear_v date_n the_o same_o day_n and_o year_n whereby_o these_o auditor_n or_o commissioner_n be_v appoint_v for_o this_o purpose_n as_o we_o observe_v before_o out_o of_o our_o own_o record_n nor_o be_v it_o of_o any_o force_n here_o to_o the_o contrary_a that_o commissioner_n be_v sometime_o etc._n depute_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o shore_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a king_n to_o determine_v complaint_n about_o robbery_n and_o other_o injury_n usual_o do_v by_o private_a person_n to_o one_o another_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n for_o if_o any_o one_o will_v collect_v thence_o that_o the_o prince_n which_o depute_v they_o have_v both_o a_o equal_a right_n in_o the_o sea_n it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v conclude_v upon_o the_o same_o ground_n that_o they_o be_v but_o part-owner_n of_o their_o own_o country_n and_o have_v a_o equal_a interest_n in_o each_o other_o be_v land_n beside_o in_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o deputation_n as_o that_o there_o be_v more_o regard_n have_v of_o the_o person_n offend_v that_o be_v to_o be_v try_v than_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o territory_n which_o true_o be_v whole_o to_o be_v discover_v some_o other_o way_n a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o edward_n the_o second_o chap._n xxix_o to_o these_o let_v we_o add_v now_o the_o assent_n and_o voluntary_a acknowledgement_n of_o the_o fleming_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o when_o as_o the_o ambassador_n of_o robert_n earl_n of_o flanders_n complain_v of_o the_o take_n of_o their_o good_n away_o at_o sea_n implore_v remedy_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o say_v more_o than_o once_o that_o they_o be_v take_v upon_o the_o english_a sea_n towards_o the_o part_n about_o crauden_n within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o bring_v into_o england_n but_o that_o it_o appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o take_v cognisance_n of_o the_o crime_n for_o that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n be_v commit_v upon_o the_o aforesaid_a sea_n within_o his_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o record_n but_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o the_o dorso_fw-la whole_a so_o far_o as_o it_o relate_n to_o this_o business_n memorandum_n that_o whereas_o for_o the_o reformation_n of_o certain_a injury_n in_o a_o amicable_a way_n do_v by_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n to_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o by_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n to_o those_o of_o flanders_n since_o the_o time_n that_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n undertake_v the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n several_a treaty_n have_v be_v hold_v between_o the_o council_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n often_o send_v into_o england_n upon_o the_o aforesaid_a occasion_n which_o treaty_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o impediment_n that_o happen_v do_v not_o aâ—tem_v the_o desire_a effect_n at_o length_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n hold_v at_o westminster_n in_o ocâ—abis_fw-la sancti_fw-la michaâ—lis_fw-la in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n there_o appear_v certain_a ambassador_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n to_o treat_v about_o reform_v the_o aforesaid_a injury_n in_o the_o form_n aforesaid_a and_o when_o as_o the_o say_a ambassador_n have_v be_v admit_v by_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n to_o treat_v anew_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o injury_n these_o ambassador_n as_o other_o ambassador_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a earl_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a treaty_n do_v among_o other_o particular_n that_o they_o require_v before_o all_o thing_n make_v supplication_n that_o the_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n will_v at_o his_o own_o sâ—â—t_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o royal_a authority_n cause_n enquiry_n to_o be_v maâ—â—_n and_o do_v justice_n about_o a_o certain_a depredation_n laâ—ely_o make_v by_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n as_o they_o say_v upon_o the_o english_a sea_n of_o wine_n and_o divers_a other_o merchandise_n belong_v to_o certain_a man_n of_o flanders_n towards_o the_o part_n about_o crauden_n within_o the_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n allege_v that_o the_o aforesaid_a wine_n and_o merchandises_n take_v from_o the_o say_a fleming_n be_v bring_v within_o the_o râ—â—â—m_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o so_o to_o do_v for_o that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o say_a sea_n 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compel_v and_o necessitate_v into_o a_o most_o unwelcome_a waâ—_n begin_v upon_o you_o you_o resolve_n to_o use_v such_o way_n and_o mean_n wherewith_o god_n shall_v enable_v you_o to_o defend_v your_o selus_fw-la and_o thereby_o to_o gain_v that_o just_a satisfaction_n and_o security_n which_o can_v otherwise_o be_v have_v may_v you_o ever_o persist_v in_o this_o heroïck_a resolution_n as_o to_o do_v no_o wrong_n to_o any_o so_o to_o defend_v your_o own_o right_n against_o all_o that_o shall_v dare_v to_o ravish_v they_o may_v you_o always_o have_v a_o ear_n open_a to_o receiv_v full_a satisfaction_n and_o security_n when_o offer_v and_o a_o heart_n noble_o enkindle_v with_o a_o magnanimous_a indignation_n to_o retort_v violence_n in_o the_o face_n of_o bold_a usurper_n and_o invader_n have_v the_o netherlander_n be_v content_a to_o keep_v within_o their_o proper_a bound_n it_o have_v be_v still_o our_o interest_n as_o of_o old_a to_o have_v have_v peace_n with_o
that_o in_o it_o which_o may_v seem_v to_o import_v that_o he_o call_v himself_o king_n of_o the_o ocean_n especial_o if_o you_o consider_v those_o word_n which_o we_o find_v sometime_o among_o german_a writer_n in_o the_o title_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o constitution_n concern_v public_a judicatories_n in_o the_o empire_n he_o be_v call_v king_n of_o the_o canary_n land_n also_o of_o the_o island_n of_o the_o indies_n and_o of_o the_o continent_n and_o of_o the_o ocean_n archduke_n of_o austria_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o imperial_a sanction_n publish_v in_o high_a dutch_a konig-und_a jnsulen_n canariae_fw-la auch_fw-ge der_fw-ge jnsulen_n indiarum_fw-la und_fw-ge terrae_fw-la firmae_fw-la des_fw-fr maer_n oceant_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o you_o may_v meet_v with_o it_o at_o least_o six_o hundred_o time_n the_o word_n ocean_n be_v add_v as_o if_o he_o entitle_v himself_o king_n of_o the_o ocean_n but_o this_o be_v a_o mistake_n for_o the_o same_o in_o spanish_a be_v rey_n etc._n etc._n de_fw-la las_fw-fr islas_n y_fw-fr terra_fw-la firma_fw-la deal_v mar_v oceano_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v king_n of_o the_o island_n and_o of_o the_o terra_fw-la firma_fw-la of_o the_o ocean_n namely_o the_o island_n or_o continent_n of_o or_o lie_v in_o the_o ocean_n which_o pope_n 22._o alexander_n the_o six_o give_v to_o ferdinand_n the_o five_o king_n of_o spain_n all_o of_o they_o lie_v westward_o from_o the_o very_a first_o meridian_n of_o those_o he_o entitle_n himself_o king_n not_o of_o the_o ocean_n itself_o how_o far_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v admit_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n or_o opinion_n of_o the_o french_a chap._n xviii_o as_o concern_v dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o french_a some_o perhaps_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v meet_v with_o very_o ancient_a evidence_n thereof_o in_o those_o officer_n depute_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o seacoast_n who_o we_o read_v of_o in_o the_o 5._o statute-book_n and_o in_o that_o rotlandus_n governor_n of_o the_o british_a that_o be_v the_o aremorican_a shore_n mention_v in_o the_o life_n of_o charlemaign_a by_o eginhartus_n a_o writer_n of_o that_o time_n but_o those_o dignity_n have_v relation_n not_o so_o much_o to_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o to_o the_o shore_n and_o sea-coast_n or_o the_o border_n of_o the_o land_n confine_v with_o the_o sea_n notwithstanding_o that_o rotlandus_n be_v by_o the_o frenchman_n of_o this_o and_o the_o former_a age_n promiscuous_o style_v alii_fw-la governor_n both_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o shore_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n but_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o prince_n heretofore_o upon_o the_o shore_n of_o aremorica_n or_o bretaign_n as_o the_o veneti_n bretaigne_n of_o who_o we_o speak_v before_o do_v upon_o the_o same_o shore_n impose_v custom_n upon_o ship_n as_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o road_n upon_o their_o coast_n and_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o other_o right_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n call_v nobilitates_fw-la super_fw-la navibus_fw-la so_o it_o be_v to_o be_v read_v in_o a_o ancient_a record_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o duke_n alanus_n in_o the_o year_n mlxxxvii_o concern_v precedence_n of_o place_n among_o the_o noble_n of_o bretaigne_n in_o that_o record_n the_o second_o place_n be_v assign_v to_o the_o viscount_n of_o s_o t_o pol_n de_fw-fr leon_n who_o as_o the_o very_a 13._o word_n of_o it_o be_v have_v very_o many_o of_o those_o custom_n call_v nobilitates_fw-la super_fw-la navibus_fw-la impose_v on_o such_o as_o pass_v the_o ocean_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o osismer_n or_o leon_n which_o as_o it_o be_v say_v budicius_n a_o ancient_a king_n of_o france_n bretaign_n do_v give_v and_o grant_v to_o one_o of_o his_o predecessor_n upon_o marriage_n in_o reward_n of_o the_o virtue_n fidelity_n and_o valour_n of_o that_o viscount_n but_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o prelate_n count_n baron_n and_o noble_n of_o bretaign_a what_o these_o nobilitates_fw-la be_v and_o whence_o they_o have_v their_o original_n be_v partly_o declare_v by_o bertrandus_fw-la argentraeus_fw-la sometime_o precedent_n of_o the_o province_n of_o renes_fw-la where_o he_o discourse_v also_o of_o the_o right_n of_o give_v pass_v port_n which_o they_o call_v bref_n the_o conduct_n at_o this_o time_n in_o use_n on_o that_o shore_n 44._o that_o say_v he_o whereas_o till_o then_o it_o have_v be_v a_o right_n peculiar_a to_o the_o prince_n be_v give_v by_o way_n of_o dowry_n to_o the_o baron_n of_o leon_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v out_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a record_n remain_v a_o hereditary_a and_o proper_a right_n to_o that_o family_n until_o joannes_n ruffus_n the_o duke_n redeem_v it_o for_o a_o vast_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o guynomarius_n baron_n of_o leon_n after_o that_o peter_n mauclerc_n of_o dreux_n duke_n of_o bretaign_n have_v in_o vain_a attempt_v to_o re_fw-mi assume_v it_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n it_o have_v its_o original_n they_o say_v upon_o this_o occasion_n when_o our_o prince_n and_o ancient_a king_n consider_v the_o daily_a shipwreck_n make_v upon_o that_o shore_n where_o there_o be_v many_o rock_n and_o but_o few_o havens_n they_o make_v a_o law_n that_o none_o shall_v set_v to_o sea_n without_o their_o leave_v such_o as_o do_v set_v out_o pay_v a_o certain_a rate_n have_v pass_n and_o guide_v appoint_v they_o that_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o sea_n and_o shores_n they_o that_o refuse_v forfeit_v their_o ship_n with_o all_o their_o tackle_n and_o furniture_n thereof_o and_o if_o the_o ship_n be_v cast_v away_o their_o good_n also_o be_v confiscate_v they_o that_o have_v leave_v be_v in_o no_o danger_n of_o confiscation_n and_o if_o they_o suffer_v shipwreck_n have_v liberty_n to_o recover_v as_o many_o of_o their_o good_n as_o they_o can_v and_o these_o guide_n be_v pay_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o conduct-money_n which_o we_o have_v mention_v elsewhere_o call_v by_o they_o droit_fw-fr de_fw-fr savage_n these_o ticket_n or_o pass_n be_v give_v out_o now_o as_o heretosore_n at_o a_o certain_a price_n and_o among_o other_o revenue_n of_o the_o exchequer_n they_o also_o be_v rent_v out_o to_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o custom_n so_o far_a bertrandus_fw-la from_o who_o renatus_n 106._o choppinus_n borrow_v almost_o the_o very_a word_n but_o 51._o petrus_n berlordaeus_n advocate_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o rein_n tell_v we_o we_o that_o the_o custom_n of_o take_v forfeiture_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o all_o shipwreck_v good_n be_v abolish_v there_o by_o a_o edict_n in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiii_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n for_o so_o much_o as_o concern_v any_o part_n of_o that_o western_a sea_n lie_v next_o the_o shore_n these_o be_v manifest_a evidence_n either_o of_o dominion_n or_o of_o subjection_n in_o the_o sea_n which_o indeed_o sufficient_o prove_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o people_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o dominion_n moreover_o upon_o occasion_n of_o these_o pass_n there_o have_v be_v controversy_n raise_v sometime_o between_o the_o duke_n of_o bretaign_a and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o certain_a cottoniana_n memorial_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o bretaign_a which_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o time_n of_o our_o richard_n the_o second_o and_z john_n the_o four_o duke_n of_o bretaign_n but_o this_o we_o know_v for_o certain_a that_o in_o the_o agreement_n make_v between_o our_o edward_n the_o four_o and_o francis_n the_o second_o duke_n of_o bretaign_n in_o the_o year_n mcccclxviii_n concern_v mutual_a traffic_n and_o free_a passage_n to_o and_o fro_o for_o the_o subject_n of_o each_o nation_n during_o a_o seqq_fw-la truce_n of_o thirty_o year_n there_o be_v a_o express_a proviso_n concern_v wreck_n but_o such_o a_o one_o as_o leave_v a_o equal_a right_n to_o both_o of_o they_o not_o altogether_o unlike_a that_o which_o for_o many_o age_n have_v be_v in_o use_n upon_o the_o english_a shore_n no_o mention_n at_o all_o be_v make_v in_o the_o article_n of_o the_o truce_n either_o of_o the_o right_n or_o use_v of_o these_o aforesaid_a pass_n as_o be_v a_o thing_n in_o no_o wise_a admit_v by_o the_o english_a but_o some_o modern_a lawyer_n among_o the_o french_a do_v vain_o affirm_v that_o their_o king_n be_v lord_n not_o only_o of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n neighbour_a upon_o the_o territory_n of_o bretaign_n but_o of_o the_o whole_a sea_n that_o be_v adjoin_v to_o any_o part_n of_o france_n and_o so_o of_o the_o british_a or_o english_a sea_n also_o by_o which_o very_a assertion_n of_o they_o they_o sufficient_o declare_v their_o judgement_n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o sovereign_a over_o the_o sea_n the_o king_n say_v 1._o charondas_n caronaeus_n be_v supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o flow_v about_o his_o
also_o his_o seaman_n to_o keep_v all_o relief_n of_o victual_n from_o go_v to_o the_o enemy_n by_o sea_n he_o use_v the_o word_n pirate_n in_o this_o place_n as_o other_o of_o that_o age_n have_v do_v not_o for_o robber_n as_o it_o be_v common_o take_v but_o for_o such_o as_o be_v skilled_a in_o sea-affair_n be_v appoint_v to_o set_v upon_o the_o enemie_n fleet_n and_o defend_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n touch_v the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n the_o old_a scholiast_n upon_o sophocles_n his_o aiax_n say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v pira_fw-la in_o the_o attic_a tongue_n signifie'_v craft_n or_o art_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o be_v call_v pirate_n which_o infest_v the_o sea_n but_o when_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n alfred_n be_v ever_o and_o anon_o struggle_v for_o the_o sovereignty_n in_o england_n for_o gurmundus_fw-la or_o guthrunus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o dane_n be_v at_o that_o time_n settle_v in_o northumberland_n as_o a_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n to_o alfred_n and_o have_v very_o large_a territory_n in_o the_o east-part_n of_o england_n their_o fight_v be_v most_o by_o sea_n as_o if_o they_o have_v both_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o which_o can_v get_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n will_v by_o necessary_a consequence_n become_v lord_n also_o of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o it_o for_o this_o cause_n also_o it_o be_v that_o the_o dane_n grow_v strong_a at_o sea_n k._n alfred_n mighty_o augment_v his_o naval_a force_n by_o build_v ship_n twice_o as_o long_o as_o the_o danish_a ship_n deep_a nimble_a and_o less_o rock_v or_o roll_v and_o so_o much_o more_o convenient_a for_o sea-fights_a florentius_n the_o monk_n say_v in_o the_o same_o year_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mcccxcvii_o the_o force_n of_o the_o pagan_n reside_v in_o east-england_n and_o northumberland_n use_v piracie_n upon_o the_o seacoast_n do_v grievous_o infest_v the_o west-saxon's_a country_n with_o very_o long_a and_o nimble_a ship_n which_o they_o have_v build_v divers_a year_n before_o against_o who_o ship_n be_v build_v by_o the_o command_n of_o k._n alfred_n twice_o as_o long_o deep_a nimble_a and_o less_o wave_a or_o roll_v by_o who_o force_n he_o may_v subdue_v the_o aforesaid_a ship_n of_o the_o enemy_n it_o be_v relate_v also_o in_o the_o same_o word_n by_o roger_n hoveden_n but_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n speak_v express_o of_o the_o number_n of_o oar_n that_o serve_v for_o the_o row_v of_o these_o ship_n of_o alfred_n say_v king_n alfred_n cause_v long_a ship_n to_o be_v make_v ready_a to_o wit_n of_o 40_o oar_n or_o more_o against_o the_o danish_a ship_n but_o there_o be_v 897._o chronicle_n write_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n that_o speak_v of_o ship_n of_o 60_o oar_n and_o large_a build_v by_o he_o at_o that_o time_n out_o of_o which_o these_o writer_n abovementioned_a and_o other_o of_o the_o like_a sort_n have_v compile_v they_o the_o word_n of_o the_o chronicle_n be_v these_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v king_n alfred_n give_v command_v for_o the_o build_n of_o long_a ship_n to_o encounter_v the_o danish_a but_o they_o be_v twice_o as_o long_o as_o these_o whereof_o some_o have_v sixty_o oar_n some_o more_o they_o be_v also_o more_o nimble_a less_o roll_a and_o deep_a than_o the_o other_o not_o build_v after_o the_o frisian_a or_o danish_a manner_n but_o such_o as_o he_o conceive_v most_o convenient_a for_o fight_v so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o business_n of_o ship_v be_v mighty_o advance_v in_o his_o reign_n among_o the_o english-saxons_a in_o order_n to_o the_o defence_n and_o maintenance_n of_o their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n and_o we_o very_o often_o find_v that_o those_o sea_n fight_v manage_v by_o alfred_n and_o his_o son_n edward_n with_o various_a success_n against_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n be_v undertake_v not_o without_o great_a number_n of_o ship_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n athelstan_n who_o be_v very_o strong_a at_o sea_n upon_o the_o irish_a nation_n say_v 5._o huntingdon_n and_o those_o that_o dwell_v in_o ship_n there_o fall_v a_o fatal_a destruction_n the_o english-saxon_a word_n in_o the_o ancient_a chronicle_n from_o whence_o huntingdon_n translate_v those_o and_o which_o agree_v with_o the_o these_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o full_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o scotish_n nation_n and_o scot_n be_v by_o the_o ancient_n often_o take_v for_o the_o irish._n he_o also_o say_v the_o same_o author_n lead_v a_o huge_a army_n by_o land_n and_o sea_n into_o northumberland_n and_o scotland_n and_o in_o regard_n there_o be_v none_o appear_v to_o make_v any_o opposition_n be_v march_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n and_o waste_v it_o at_o pleasure_n return_v with_o triumph_n whereupon_o say_v a_o 6._o poet_n of_o that_o time_n jam_fw-la cubat_fw-la in_o terris_fw-la fera_fw-fr barbary_n aquilonis_fw-la jam_fw-la iaceo_fw-la in_o campo_fw-it pelago_fw-la pirata_fw-la relicto_fw-la illicitas_fw-la toruásque_fw-la minas_fw-la analavus_n anhelans_fw-la now_o be_v the_o wild_a and_o barbarous_a north_n bring_v down_o now_o analave_n the_o pirate_n be_v overthrow_v who_o have_v leave_v the_o sea_n on_o land_n do_v lie_v and_o spiteful_a threat_n breath_n out_n against_o the_o sky_n this_o analavus_n be_v king_n of_o the_o 938._o irish_a and_o of_o many_o island_n who_o invade_v the_o coast_n of_o athelstan_n with_o a_o fleet_n of_o dcxv_o ship_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n humber_n receive_v a_o great_a overthrow_n and_o be_v put_v to_o a_o most_o shameful_a flight_n but_o king_n edgar_n as_o say_v 937._o florentius_n of_o worcester_n sail_v about_o the_o north_n of_o britain_n with_o a_o great_a navy_n arrive_v at_o chester_n where_o his_o eight_o petty_a king_n meet_v he_o as_o he_o have_v give_v order_n who_o swear_v fealty_n to_o he_o and_o that_o they_o will_v assist_v he_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n or_o as_o 5._o huntingdon_n say_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n they_o all_o do_v homage_n to_o he_o declare_v themselves_o ready_a at_o his_o command_n to_o serve_v he_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n among_o these_o petty_a king_n there_o be_v one_o maccusius_fw-la who_o hoveden_n and_o florentius_n call_v a_o king_n of_o very_a many_o island_n and_o florilegus_n a_o king_n of_o man_n and_o very_o many_o island_n william_n of_o malmsburie_n call_v he_o a_o arch_a pirate_n moreover_o the_o same_o king_n edgar_n as_o if_o he_o intend_v to_o set_v forth_o the_o splendour_n magnificence_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o epitome_n of_o his_o whole_a empire_n in_o sea-affair_n and_o ship_n do_v as_o say_v florentius_n and_o hoveden_n during_o his_o abode_n at_o chester_n enter_v into_o a_o boat_n wherein_o he_o be_v row_v by_o those_o petty_a king_n himself_z holding_z the_o stern_a and_o steer_v it_o about_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o be_v attend_v by_o all_o his_o duke_n and_o peer_n in_o such_o another_o vessel_n be_v sail_v from_o the_o palace_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o s._n john_n baptist_n where_o a_o oration_n be_v make_v to_o he_o he_o return_v in_o the_o same_o pomp_n unto_o the_o palace_n in_o the_o very_a entry_n whereof_o he_o be_v report_v to_o have_v say_v to_o his_o lord_n that_o then_o his_o successor_n may_v boast_v themselves_o king_n of_o england_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v thus_o attend_v by_o so_o many_o king_n and_o enjoy_v the_o state_n and_o glory_n of_o such_o honour_n or_o as_o malmsburie_n write_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n when_o they_o shall_v enjoy_v so_o great_a a_o prerogative_n of_o honour_n so_o many_o king_n as_o vassal_n to_o be_v ready_a always_o to_o assist_v with_o their_o force_n whensoëver_o they_o shall_v be_v require_v both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n there_o be_v also_o a_o notable_a testimony_n in_o the_o same_o florentius_n and_o the_o monk_n of_o malmsburie_n how_o that_o this_o king_n sail_v round_o about_o his_o sea_n every_o year_n and_o secure_v it_o with_o a_o constant_a guard_n and_o forces_n every_o summer_n say_v malmsburie_n immediate_o after_o easter_n be_v command_v his_o ship_n upon_o every_o shore_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o a_o body_n sail_v usual_o with_o the_o eastern_a fleet_n to_o the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o island_n and_o then_o send_v it_o back_o he_o sail_v with_o the_o western_a fleet_n unto_o the_o northern_a and_o thence_o with_o the_o northern_a he_o return_v to_o the_o eastern_a be_v indeed_o very_o diligent_a to_o prevent_v the_o incursion_n of_o pirate_n that_o be_v behave_v himself_o in_o this_o manful_o as_o say_v florentius_n also_o and_o hoveden_n for_o the_o
sea_n among_o the_o old_a law_n of_o england_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o payment_n of_o danegeld_n be_v first_o impose_v because_o of_o pirate_n either_o robber_n or_o other_o invade_v the_o sea_n for_o they_o infest_v the_o country_n waste_v it_o as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v able_a therefore_o for_o the_o repress_v of_o their_o insolence_n it_o be_v determine_v that_o a_o yearly_a payment_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o danegeld_n that_o be_v to_o say_v twelve_o penny_n upon_o every_o hide_n through_o the_o whole_a land_n for_o the_o pay_n of_o those_o that_o shall_v be_v employ_v to_o hinder_v the_o eruption_n of_o pirate_n so_o we_o read_v it_o in_o some_o francofurt_n copy_n 102._o other_o render_v it_o irruption_n but_o the_o other_o read_v seem_v to_o signify_v that_o this_o tax_n be_v impose_v for_o the_o raise_n and_o maintain_v of_o naval_a force_n so_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n that_o pirate_n or_o enemy_n may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o make_v any_o eruption_n from_o the_o shore_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o can_v the_o word_n eruption_n otherwise_o be_v well_o put_v in_o that_o place_n so_o that_o even_o that_o ancient_a dignity_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v be_v therefore_o not_o obscure_o represent_v by_o he_o who_o command_v as_o admiral_n over_o the_o fleet_n of_o that_o age._n this_o tribute_n or_o tax_n have_v its_o beginning_n under_o king_n ethelred_n for_o he_o be_v bring_v into_o miserable_a strait_n by_o swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n be_v force_v to_o buy_v a_o peace_n of_o he_o hire_v xlv_o danish_a ship_n also_o by_o agreement_n for_o the_o guard_n and_o secure_v of_o his_o dominion_n in_o the_o sea_n who_o be_v to_o receiv_v their_o pay_n yearly_o out_o of_o this_o tribute_n for_o their_o maintenance_n for_o the_o right_a understanding_n whereof_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v out_o of_o the_o english_a saxon_a story_n that_o the_o tribute_n or_o tax_n usual_o pay_v at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o dane_n be_v of_o more_o kind_n than_o one_o there_o be_v one_o tribute_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n wherewith_o the_o english-saxons_a be_v force_v sometime_o to_o buy_v peace_n of_o such_o as_o grievous_o infest_a the_o island_n but_o another_o be_v levy_v to_o pay_v the_o danish_a navy_n which_o be_v hire_v to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o defend_v the_o seacoast_n the_o first_o kind_n of_o tribute_n appear_v by_o that_o of_o florentius_n and_o hoveden_n in_o the_o year_n mvii_o ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o lord_n send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o dane_n give_v they_o commission_n to_o declare_v that_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o defray_v their_o charge_n and_o pay_v they_o a_o tribute_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o they_o will_v desist_v from_o rapine_n and_o establish_v a_o firm_a peace_n with_o he_o to_o which_o demand_n of_o his_o they_o yield_v and_o from_o that_o time_n their_o charge_n be_v defraied_a by_o all_o england_n and_o a_o tribute_n pay_v which_o amount_v to_o 36000_o pound_n that_o be_v he_o effect_v this_o only_a for_o the_o present_a that_o he_o obtain_v a_o peace_n for_o a_o time_n by_o money_n which_o he_o can_v not_o by_o arm_n as_o florilegus_n say_v well_o four_o year_n after_o also_o all_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o england_n of_o both_o order_n meet_v together_o at_o london_n before_o easter_n and_o there_o they_o stay_v so_o long_o till_o payment_n be_v make_v of_o the_o tribute_n promise_v to_o the_o dane_n amount_v to_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n which_o we_o read_v of_o likewise_o both_o in_o florentius_n and_o 1012_o hoveden_n but_o this_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o intent_n that_o all_o dane_n which_o be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v in_o every_o place_n dwell_v peaceable_o by_o the_o english_a and_o that_o both_o people_n shall_v have_v as_o it_o be_v one_o heart_n and_o one_o soul_n as_o it_o be_v express_v by_o florilegus_n other_o passage_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o the_o story_n of_o that_o age_n yea_o and_o some_o of_o a_o elder_a date_n yet_o this_o first_o kind_n of_o tribute_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o but_o levy_v now_o and_o then_o as_o occasion_v require_v notwithstanding_o it_o may_v be_v true_a perhaps_o which_o cottoniana_n some_o write_v that_o ethelred_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a agreement_n of_o the_o year_n mvii_o yield_v to_o pay_v every_o year_n a_o tribute_n of_o thirty_o six_o thousand_o pound_n to_o the_o dane_n for_o a_o long_a continuation_n of_o the_o peace_n we_o read_v here_o that_o he_o yield_v or_o grant_v but_o no_o where_o likewise_o that_o he_o pay_v it_o but_o as_o for_o the_o second_o kind_n of_o tribute_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v as_o we_o have_v tell_v you_o for_o hire_v of_o the_o danish_a navy_n it_o be_v a_o yearly_a tribute_n and_o levy_v at_o the_o same_o time_n at_o least_o in_o the_o same_o year_n to_o wit_n of_o our_o lord_n mxii_o wherein_o these_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n be_v pay_v to_o procure_v a_o peace_n nor_o be_v it_o limit_v by_o any_o setsumme_n of_o money_n but_o so_o much_o as_o will_v serve_v for_o victual_v and_o clothe_v the_o force_n at_o sea_n florentius_n and_o hoveden_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a year_n say_v after_o these_o thing_n upon_o payment_n of_o the_o tribute_n mean_v that_o of_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n and_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o peace_n by_o oath_n the_o danish_a navy_n which_o be_v before_o in_o a_o body_n be_v dispose_v and_o disperse_v abroad_o afar_o off_o but_o xlv_o ship_n remain_v with_o the_o king_n and_o swear_v fidelity_n to_o he_o and_o promise_v to_o be_v ready_a to_o defend_v england_n against_o foreiner_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o will_v provide_v they_o victual_n and_o clothe_v this_o be_v relate_v likewise_o in_o the_o english-saxon_a chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o 1012._o abingdon_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v the_o tribute_n be_v pay_v and_o oath_n of_o amity_n take_v the_o army_n or_o navy_n which_o be_v before_o in_o a_o body_n be_v disperse_v abroad_o but_o forty_o five_o ship_n of_o that_o navy_n remain_v with_o the_o king_n and_o promise_v upon_o oath_n to_o be_v ready_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o this_o land_n upon_o condition_n the_o king_n do_v find_v they_o victual_n and_o clothing_n swain_n be_v at_o that_o time_n king_n of_o denmark_n with_o who_o ethelred_n make_v this_o agreement_n but_o both_o the_o kind_n of_o payment_n aforemention_v be_v call_v danegelo_n danegeld_n or_o danageld_v that_o be_v to_o say_v danish_a tribute_n the_o first_o kind_n be_v express_o intimate_v by_o this_o name_n in_o 21._o joannes_n sarisburiensis_n where_o he_o say_v swain_n waste_v and_o spoil_v the_o island_n of_o britain_n the_o great_a part_n whereof_o he_o have_v in_o his_o possession_n and_o afflict_v the_o member_n of_o christ_n with_o many_o persecution_n by_o a_o imposition_n of_o tribute_n which_o in_o the_o english_a tongue_n they_o call_v danageld_v but_o the_o second_o kind_n which_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o force_n by_o sea_n be_v call_v likewise_o by_o the_o same_o name_n both_o because_o it_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o agreement_n with_o the_o dane_n as_o also_o because_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o danish_a fleet_n that_o be_v hire_v to_o guard_v the_o territory_n by_o sea_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o it_o retain_v the_o same_o name_n not_o only_o under_o these_o danish_a king_n canutus_n harold_n the_o first_o and_o hardecanutus_n but_o also_o under_o the_o english-saxon_a or_o english_a and_o that_o this_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v be_v the_o original_a hereof_o be_v affirm_v also_o by_o ingulphus_n the_o abbot_n of_o crowland_n a_o witness_n beyond_o all_o exception_n who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n say_v 897._o in_o the_o year_n mli_o which_o be_v the_o ten_o of_o king_n edward_n in_o regard_v the_o earth_n do_v not_o bring_v forth_o its_o fruit_n in_o such_o plenty_n as_o it_o be_v wont_a but_o devour_v very_o many_o people_n by_o famine_n insomuch_o that_o many_o thousand_o of_o man_n die_v through_o the_o scarcity_n of_o corn_n and_o want_v of_o bread_n therefore_o the_o most_o pious_a king_n edward_n be_v move_v with_o compassion_n towards_o the_o people_n release_v that_o most_o grievous_a tribute_n call_v danigeld_v to_o all_o england_n for_o ever_o it_o be_v report_v by_o some_o that_o this_o most_o religious_a king_n be_v bring_v by_o his_o officer_n into_o the_o exchequer_n to_o see_v the_o danigeld_v that_o be_v collect_v and_o to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o so_o vast_a a_o heap_n of_o treasure_n stand_v amaze_v at_o the_o first_o sight_n
protest_v that_o he_o behold_v the_o devil_n dance_v upon_o the_o heap_n of_o money_n &_o extreme_o rejoice_v whereupon_o he_o immediate_o command_v to_o restore_v it_o to_o the_o former_a owner_n and_o will_v not_o keep_v one_o joâ—_n of_o so_o cruel_a a_o exaction_n but_o remit_v it_o for_o ever_o to_o wit_n in_o the_o thirty_o eight_o year_n after_o swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n command_v it_o to_o be_v pay_v every_o year_n to_o his_o navy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n ethelred_n by_o dis-counting_a 38_o year_n from_o the_o year_n 1051._o that_o year_n 1012._o be_v sufficient_o manifest_a wherein_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o danegeld_n be_v place_v according_a to_o that_o which_o have_v be_v already_o speak_v nor_o be_v it_o any_o prejudice_n at_o all_o that_o there_o seem_v perhaps_o to_o be_v one_o year_n over_o and_o above_o for_o such_o as_o be_v verse_v in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o monk_n know_v well_o enough_o that_o difference_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v very_o frequent_a among_o they_o especial_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o careless_a confound_v of_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o of_o the_o king_n who_o beginning_n do_v various_o differ_v as_o every_o man_n know_v nor_o be_v it_o probable_a that_o they_o be_v sufficient_o agree_v touch_v the_o tribute_n and_o tax_n before_o the_o next_o or_o one_o thousand_o and_o thirteen_o year_n for_o concern_v that_o year_n florentius_n hoveden_n and_o other_o speak_v express_o thus_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o tyrant_n swain_n give_v command_v to_o make_v ready_a provision_n in_o abundance_n for_o his_o navy_n and_o for_o payment_n of_o a_o almost_o intolerable_a tribute_n in_o like_a manner_n turkillus_n send_v out_o his_o command_n every_o where_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v pay_v to_o his_o fleet_n which_o lie_v at_o greenwich_n that_o fleet_n of_o xlv_o ship_n ride_v now_o and_o then_o in_o the_o thames_n near_o greenwich_n and_o then_o first_o receive_v their_o promise_a pay_n that_o be_v 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much_o of_o it_o as_o concern_v this_o title_n the_o word_n be_v these_o 619._o altitonantis_fw-la dei_fw-la largifluâ_fw-la clementia_fw-la qui_fw-la est_fw-la rex_fw-la regum_fw-la ego_fw-la edgarus_n anglorum_fw-la basileus_n omniúmque_fw-la regum_fw-la insularum_fw-la oceanique_fw-la britanniani_n circumjacentis_fw-la so_o john_n dee_fw-mi a_o man_n very_o well_o see_v in_o most_o part_n of_o learning_n do_v read_v it_o a_o good_a while_n since_o save_v only_o that_o in_o stead_n of_o britannian_a he_o have_v britanniani_n while_o 163._o other_o read_v insularum_fw-la oceani_fw-la quae_fw-la britanniam_fw-la circumjacent_a cunctarúmque_fw-la nationum_fw-la quae_fw-la infra_fw-la eam_fw-la includuntur_fw-la imperator_fw-la &_o dominus_fw-la gratias_fw-la ago_o ipsi_fw-la deo_fw-la omnipotenti_fw-la regimeo_fw-la qui_fw-la meum_fw-la imperium_fw-la sic_fw-la ampliavit_fw-la &_o exaltavit_fw-la super_fw-la regnum_fw-la patrum_fw-la mâ—orum_fw-la qui_fw-la licèt_fw-la monarchiam_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la adepti_fw-la sint_fw-la à _fw-la tempore_fw-la athelstani_fw-la qui_fw-la primus_fw-la regnum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la nationes_fw-la quae_fw-la britanniam_fw-la incolunt_fw-la sibi_fw-la armis_fw-la subegit_fw-la nullus_fw-la tamen_fw-la illâ—rum_fw-la ultra_fw-la ejus_fw-la fine_n imperium_fw-la suum_fw-la dilatare_fw-la aggressus_fw-la est_fw-la mihi_fw-la autem_fw-la concessit_fw-la propitia_fw-la divinitas_fw-la cum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la imperio_fw-la omne_fw-la regna_fw-la insularum_fw-la oceani_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la ferocissimis_fw-la regibus_fw-la usque_fw-la norwegiam_fw-la maximámque_fw-la partem_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la cum_fw-la suâ_fw-la nobilissimâ_fw-la civitate_fw-la dublinia_n anglorum_fw-la regno_fw-la subjugare_fw-la quos_fw-la etiam_fw-la omnes_fw-la meis_fw-la imperiis_fw-la colla_fw-la subdere_fw-la dei_fw-la favente_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la coëgi_fw-la by_o the_o abundant_a goodness_n of_o almighty_a god_n who_o be_v the_o king_n 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prejudice_n to_o this_o authority_n that_o the_o other_o thing_n there_o relate_v be_v fabulous_a for_o we_o know_v that_o out_o of_o the_o fable_n of_o heliodorus_n achilles_n tatius_n theodorus_n prodromus_n eustathius_n and_o such_o other_o whether_o of_o a_o amorous_a or_o any_o other_o strain_n sometime_o many_o useful_a observation_n may_v be_v gather_v concern_v the_o custom_n manner_n and_o receive_v opinion_n as_o well_o of_o the_o man_n among_o who_o they_o be_v feign_v to_o be_v act_v as_o of_o the_o time_n to_o which_o they_o be_v relate_v john_n harding_n also_o who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o write_v a_o history_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o england_n in_o vers_fw-la when_o he_o reckon_v up_o those_o prince_n that_o swear_v fealty_n to_o king_n canutus_n for_o the_o land_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o he_o 117._o he_o add_v so_o do_v the_o king_n of_o wales_n of_o high_a parage_n and_o all_o the_o northwest_n ocean_n for_o their_o kingdom_n and_o for_o their_o land_n then_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o same_o be_v do_v at_o that_o time_n by_o the_o great_a king_n of_o wales_n and_o of_o all_o the_o north-western_a
sea_n for_o their_o respective_a kingdom_n and_o territory_n thus_o canutus_n be_v king_n of_o the_o king_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o he_o himself_o also_o sufficient_o declare_v when_o he_o express_o affirm_v in_o what_o be_v before_o relate_v that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v under_o his_o dominion_n and_o so_o much_o for_o testimony_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o british_a sea_n have_v be_v possess_v not_o only_o by_o the_o britain_n after_o they_o have_v cast_v off_o the_o roman_a yoke_n but_o also_o by_o the_o english-saxon_a and_o danish_a king_n moreover_o it_o seem_v they_o do_v use_v to_o take_v a_o kind_n of_o course_n for_o the_o strengthen_n and_o preservation_n of_o their_o dominion_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n as_o the_o ancient_a german_n of_o who_o both_o dane_n and_o saxon_n be_v a_o part_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o midland_n city_n among_o they_o say_v 6._o caesar_z it_o be_v the_o high_a glory_n to_o make_v very_o large_a depopulation_n and_o lay_v all_o the_o country_n round_o about_o they_o waste_v measure_v their_o honour_n by_o their_o distance_n from_o any_o neighbour_n and_o account_v it_o the_o only_a token_n of_o valour_n when_o none_o dare_v plant_v themselves_o within_o their_o reach_n and_o beside_o they_o think_v by_o this_o mean_n to_o render_v themselves_o more_o secure_a by_o remove_v the_o fear_n of_o any_o sudden_a incursion_n so_o it_o have_v be_v the_o manner_n of_o those_o that_o at_o any_o time_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n to_o extend_v their_o dominion_n in_o the_o circumambient_a sea_n to_o the_o large_a circuit_n scour_v the_o sea_n about_o and_o keep_v other_o nation_n at_o a_o distance_n as_o it_o be_v from_o the_o wall_n or_o precinct_n of_o the_o island_n nor_o be_v those_o german_a city_n more_o master_n of_o that_o waste_n part_n of_o the_o country_n that_o lie_v about_o they_o than_o the_o king_n be_v of_o britain_n be_v over_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n but_o as_o we_o observe_v before_o of_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n so_o here_o also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v of_o the_o norwegian_n or_o norman_n for_o many_o time_n they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o people_n and_o other_o northern_a nation_n that_o those_o british_a isle_n which_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o west_n and_o northern_a sea_n be_v sometime_o so_o possess_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n as_o also_o by_o the_o norwegian_n and_o such_o other_o as_o infest_a the_o northern_a sea_n and_o invade_v the_o isle_n lie_v between_o they_o and_o britain_n that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o they_o also_o according_a to_o the_o various_a alteration_n of_o their_o dominion_n by_o land_n succeed_v one_o another_o for_o that_o interval_n of_o time_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o a_o proportionable_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o as_o a_o appendant_a to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o shore_n of_o britain_n the_o scot_n say_v a_o normannis_fw-la unknown_a author_n speak_v of_o the_o year_n dcccxlvi_o for_o many_o year_n become_v tributary_n to_o the_o norman_n who_o without_o any_o resistance_n enter_v and_o settle_v themselves_o in_o the_o isle_n lie_v round_o about_o and_o as_o touch_v the_o naval_a affair_n of_o the_o norman_n in_o our_o sea_n there_o be_v many_o passage_n to_o be_v see_v in_o regino_n the_o abbot_n aimoinus_n and_o other_o writer_n of_o that_o age._n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o be_v sufficient_o manifest_a that_o as_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o tumultuary_a &_o unsettle_a posture_n of_o affair_n in_o those_o day_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o island_n itself_o be_v very_o often_o toss_v to_o and_o fro_o so_o also_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n attempt_v disturb_v invade_v recover_v and_o defend_v as_o that_o which_o do_v inseparable_o follow_v the_o dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o island_n we_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o in_o the_o french_a history_n there_o be_v now_o and_o then_o some_o passage_n that_o speak_v of_o their_o naval_a power_n in_o this_o age_n which_o be_v collect_v by_o 7._o popelinerius_n but_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v gather_v from_o they_o that_o may_v set_v forth_o the_o least_o sign_n or_o shadow_n of_o a_o sovereignty_n or_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n very_o few_o indeed_o be_v to_o be_v find_v and_o such_o as_o either_o concern_v only_o the_o defend_v the_o mouth_n of_o their_o river_n against_o the_o norman_n and_o dane_n than_o rove_a up_o and_o down_o our_o sea_n or_o the_o subdue_a of_o the_o friezlander_n and_o some_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n whereunto_o also_o some_o other_o passage_n relate_v which_o we_o shall_v mention_v by_o and_o by_o when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n several_a testimony_n concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n set_v forth_o in_o general_a head_n chap._n xiii_o follow_v the_o order_n and_o method_n of_o our_o enquirie_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o treat_v of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o britain_n since_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n into_o england_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n our_o discourse_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n or_o that_o which_o flow'_v between_o england_n and_o the_o opposite_a shore_n or_o havens_n of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n now_o whereas_o it_o be_v confess_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o all_o dominion_n be_v chief_o found_v upon_o just_a possession_n or_o occupation_n and_o its_o continuance_n and_o that_o possession_n be_v not_o suppose_v to_o be_v have_v by_o the_o act_n either_o of_o the_o mind_n or_o body_n single_o and_o apart_o as_o possessione_n paulus_n long_o since_o have_v well_o determine_v but_o be_v most_o firm_o get_v and_o retain_v by_o the_o joint_a concurrence_n of_o mind_n and_o body_n whereupon_o it_o be_v distinguish_v into_o retinendâ_fw-la civil_a that_o be_v where_o there_o be_v a_o right_a or_o title_n by_o law_n and_o natural_a or_o corporal_a and_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o this_o dominion_n receiv_v a_o signal_n confirmation_n by_o a_o long_a continue_a assent_n a_o free_a and_o public_a confession_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o such_o neighbour_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v first_o then_o as_o concern_v the_o corporal_n or_o natural_a possession_n of_o this_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o be_v civil_a or_o by_o law_n and_o be_v retain_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n we_o shall_v give_v you_o very_o ample_a testimony_n since_o the_o time_n of_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o will_v show_v how_o this_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v acknowledge_v by_o those_o foreign_a or_o neighbor-nation_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v but_o forasmuch_o as_o what_o we_o shall_v thus_o speak_v of_o the_o english_a sea_n in_o general_n will_v chief_o relate_v to_o the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a or_o that_o which_o have_v the_o english_a shore_n on_o one_o side_n and_o france_n and_o germany_n on_o the_o other_o we_o will_v therefore_o discourse_n several_o of_o that_o which_o lie_v to_o the_o west_n of_o england_n and_o also_o of_o the_o scotish_n sea_n or_o that_o which_o lie_v more_o northerly_a as_o concern_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n both_o corporal_n and_o mental_a or_o civil_a continue_v for_o that_o space_n of_o time_n which_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o with_o the_o like_a dominion_n arise_v and_o retain_v thereupon_o there_o be_v divers_a notable_a and_o very_a clear_a testimony_n thereof_o which_o for_o method_n sake_n we_o divide_v into_o eight_o head_n whereof_o i_o the_o custody_n government_n or_o admiralty_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n as_o a_o territory_n or_o province_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n ii_o the_o dominion_n of_o those_o island_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o french_a shore_n iii_o the_o leave_v of_o passage_n through_o this_o sea_n grant_v to_o foreiner_n upon_o request_n iu_o the_o liberty_n of_o fish_v therein_o allow_v upon_o courtesy_n to_o foreiner_n and_o neighbour_n and_o the_o protection_n give_v to_o fisherman_n v._o prescribe_v of_o law_n and_o limit_n to_o foreiner_n who_o be_v in_o hostility_n one_o with_o another_o but_o both_o in_o amity_n with_o the_o english_a make_v prize_n of_o each_o other_o in_o this_o sea_n vi_o the_o record_n whereby_o this_o dominion_n be_v express_o assert_v by_o the_o by_o as_o a_o most_o undoubted_a right_n and_o that_o noâ—_n only_o by_o the_o king_n but_o by_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n when_o they_o debate_v of_o other_o matter_n vii_o the_o commentary_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o common_a custom_n of_o the_o nation_n which_o do_v either_o assert_v or_o at_o
of_o etc._n excester_n and_o in_o those_o day_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o procure_v king_n letter_n common_o call_v in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n protection_n whereby_o privilege_n and_o exemption_n from_o all_o suit_n be_v grant_v to_o those_o that_o be_v employ_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o that_o spend_v their_o time_n super_fw-la saluâ_fw-la custodiâ_fw-la &_o defension_n maris_n 1._o for_o the_o safeguard_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o form_n of_o the_o word_n have_v it_o which_o we_o frequent_o find_v in_o the_o archive_v moreover_o in_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufegard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n as_o of_o a_o thing_n common_o know_v and_o for_o which_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o english_a to_o make_v as_o diligent_a provision_n as_o for_o the_o government_n of_o any_o province_n or_o country_n and_o in_o the_o 29._o twenty_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n the_o commons_o prefer_v a_o bill_n that_o a_o strong_a and_o well_o accomplish_a navy_n may_v be_v provide_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o it_o be_v think_v fit_n be_v all_o the_o commons_n of_o this_o land_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a the_o see_v be_v keep_v very_o many_o other_o passage_n there_o be_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n geoffrie_n chaucer_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o and_o be_v a_o man_n very_o know_v in_o the_o affair_n of_o his_o country_n among_o other_o most_o elegant_a and_o lively_a character_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o man_n write_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n describe_n the_o humour_n of_o a_o english_a merchant_n of_o that_o time_n how_o that_o his_o desire_n above_o all_o thing_n be_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v well_o guard_v never_o leave_v destitute_a of_o such_o protection_n as_o may_v keep_v it_o safe_a and_o quiet_a which_o he_o speak_v to_o set_v out_o the_o whole_a generation_n of_o merchant_n in_o that_o age_n who_o custom_n it_o be_v to_o be_v solicitous_a for_o traffic_v above_o all_o thing_n and_o consequent_o about_o the_o sea_n itself_o which_o will_v not_o afford_v they_o safe_a voyage_n do_v not_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o sovereign_n thereof_o according_a to_o their_o right_n and_o custom_n provide_v for_o the_o security_n of_o this_o as_o a_o province_n under_o their_o protection_n the_o word_n of_o chaucer_n be_v these_o his_o reason_n speak_v he_o full_a solemn_o show_v always_o the_o encrea_n of_o his_o win_n he_o will_v the_o see_v be_v keep_v for_o any_o thing_n betwixe_v middleborough_n and_o orewel_n orewel_o be_v a_o haven_n upon_o the_o coast_n in_o suffolk_n middleborough_n be_v in_o zealand_n the_o whole_a sea_n that_o flow_v between_o britain_n and_o zealand_n the_o english_a merchant_n will_v have_v secure_v this_o they_o be_v wont_v solemn_o and_o unanimous_o to_o pray_v for_o know_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o protection_n of_o they_o part_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o as_o concern_v any_o protection_n herein_o by_o any_o foreign_a prince_n any_o far_a than_o in_o their_o own_o harbour_n or_o at_o the_o most_o within_o the_o wind_a creek_n between_o those_o island_n which_o they_o possess_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o germany_n or_o gallia_n belgica_n there_o be_v nothing_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v to_o be_v gather_v from_o any_o testimony_n of_o former_a age_n in_o the_o succeed_a age_n likewise_o there_o be_v frequent_a mention_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n defence_n and_o government_n of_o the_o same_o sea_n as_o will_v hereafter_o more_o full_o appear_v when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o tribute_n and_o of_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o commission_n give_v to_o our_o admiral_n but_o now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o both_o the_o name_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o guard_n be_v very_o well_o know_v not_o only_o by_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n both_o in_o the_o 8._o imperial_a and_o canon_n feclesiae_fw-la law_n wherein_o it_o denote_v that_o the_o guardian_n ought_v to_o take_v a_o diligent_a care_n of_o that_o thing_n whereof_o he_o be_v owner_n who_o do_v either_o lend_v it_o or_o commit_v it_o to_o his_o oversight_n but_o also_o by_o the_o common_a and_o obvious_a use_n which_o the_o english_a make_v of_o the_o same_o word_n in_o other_o office_n or_o government_n for_o in_o those_o day_n of_o old_a when_o the_o title_n of_o guardian_n or_o warden_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o usual_a there_o be_v appoint_v warden_n of_o the_o port_n even_o as_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v warden_n of_o the_o county_n who_o be_v those_o commander_n of_o county_n call_v sheriff_n and_o in_o the_o usual_a form_n and_o tenor_n of_o their_o writ_n have_v custodiam_fw-la comitatû_v the_o guard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o county_n commit_v to_o their_o charge_n warden_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o march_n or_o border_n keeper_n of_o tower_n or_o castle_n park_n house_n and_o the_o like_a yea_o and_o the_o lord_n lieutenant_n of_o ireland_n be_v especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n joannis_n john_n and_o etc._n henry_n the_o three_o style_v usual_o warden_n or_o keeper_n of_o ireland_n and_o his_o office_n or_o dignity_n common_o call_v the_o keepership_n of_o ireland_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n and_z humphrey_z duke_n of_o gloucester_n who_o henry_n the_o five_o during_o the_o time_n of_o his_o absence_n in_o france_n depute_v to_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n by_o turn_n be_v call_v custodes_fw-la angliae_fw-la keeper_n of_o england_n as_o we_o very_o often_o find_v both_o in_o etc._n history_n and_o etc._n record_n so_o arthur_n prince_n of_o wales_n be_v make_v 1._o keeper_n of_o england_n while_o henry_n the_o seven_o be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n so_o piers_n gaveston_n be_v keeper_n of_o england_n while_o edward_n the_o second_o remain_v in_o france_n so_o be_v other_o also_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o governor_n also_o of_o the_o island_n of_o jarsey_n and_o garnesey_n and_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v situate_v in_o this_o sea_n who_o now_o be_v style_v governor_n keeper_n or_o captain_n be_v in_o etc._n ancient_a time_n call_v only_o by_o the_o name_n of_o guardian_n or_o keeper_n this_o then_o be_v so_o what_o reason_n have_v we_o to_o think_v that_o our_o ancestor_n do_v not_o use_v the_o same_o notion_n of_o guardian_n or_o keeper_n and_o of_o guard_v or_o keep_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o guardian_n and_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o use_v in_o the_o guard_n and_o keep_n of_o the_o island_n and_o in_o the_o other_o dignity_n or_o office_n before_o mention_v doubtless_o in_o all_o these_o the_o peculiar_a dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o he_o that_o confer_v the_o dignity_n be_v so_o clear_o signify_v and_o include_v that_o his_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v keep_v and_o guard_v as_o well_o as_o authority_n over_o the_o person_n dignify_v be_v plain_o imply_v in_o this_o title_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v omit_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n before_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n be_v sufficient_o establish_v by_o our_o king_n and_o settle_v so_o distinct_a that_o the_o command_n and_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v belong_v only_o to_o they_o the_o governor_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o province_n who_o we_o call_v sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o office_n have_v also_o some_o custody_n or_o command_n of_o part_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o adjoin_v to_o their_o respective_a province_n as_o of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o true_o to_o let_v pass_v other_o proof_n be_v sufficient_o evident_a by_o this_o that_o many_o time_n in_o those_o day_n they_o who_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v wont_a as_o at_o this_o day_n to_o put_v in_o execution_n the_o command_v of_o the_o king_n in_o those_o place_n only_o that_o be_v commit_v several_o to_o their_o charge_n and_o custody_n do_v do_v the_o same_o also_o in_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o in_o any_o land-province_n belong_v to_o he_o from_o who_o they_o receive_v their_o authority_n for_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o ordinary_a power_n derive_v from_o the_o king_n and_o such_o as_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o very_a same_o right_n by_o which_o they_o hold_v the_o government_n of_o the_o county_n or_o province_n they_o do_v oftentimes_o remove_v the_o king_n ship_n and_o fleet_n from_o one_o port_n to_o another_o by_o sea_n as_o through_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o province_n that_o be_v commit_v to_o their_o
bring_v merchandise_n out_o of_o flanders_n to_o london_n or_o that_o carry_v wool_n and_o skin_n from_o any_o other_o place_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o that_o admiralty_n to_o calais_n if_o a_o vessel_n be_v employ_v to_o fish_n for_o herring_n it_o pay_v the_o rate_n of_o six_o penny_n a_o week_n upon_o every_o ton._n if_o for_o other_o kind_n of_o fish_n so_o much_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v every_o three_o week_n as_o they_o who_o bring_v coal_n hither_o from_o newcastle_n pay_v it_o every_o three_o month_n but_o if_o a_o vessel_n be_v bind_v for_o prussia_n norway_n scone_n or_o any_o of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n it_o pay_v a_o particular_a custom_n according_a to_o the_o weight_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o freight_n and_o if_o any_o be_v unwilling_a it_o be_v lawful_a to_o compel_v they_o to_o pay_v that_o be_v to_o say_v there_o be_v certain_a officer_n that_o have_v authority_n to_o exact_v it_o have_v the_o command_n of_o six_o ship_n man_n of_o war_n for_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n or_o protection_n but_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o here_o faithful_o set_v down_o out_o of_o the_o scheduld_a original_a in_o the_o same_o language_n it_o be_v write_v that_o be_v the_o norman_a language_n of_o that_o time_n c'est_fw-fr l'ordinance_n &_o granté_fw-fr per_fw-la l'aduis_fw-la des_fw-fr marchaunds_n de_fw-fr londres_n &_o des_fw-fr autres_fw-fr marchaund_n vers_fw-la la_fw-fr north_n per_fw-la â—ossent_fw-la de_fw-fr touz_v les_fw-fr commune_v de_fw-fr parliament_n par_fw-fr devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr comte_n de_fw-fr northomberland_n &_o le_fw-fr meaire_fw-fr de_fw-fr londres_n pâ—r_fw-fr la_fw-fr garde_fw-fr &_o tuition_n du_fw-fr mire_n &_o coster_v del_o admiralté_fw-fr de_fw-fr north_n ove_fw-la deux_fw-fr nief_n deux_fw-fr bargis_n &_o deux_fw-fr ballingers_n armez_fw-fr &_o arraiez_fw-fr pour_fw-fr guerre_fw-fr sur_fw-fr les_fw-fr coustagis_fw-la que_fw-fr s'ensuient_fw-fr primerement_n pour_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr nief_n &_o craier_n the_o quele_n portage_n q'il_fw-fr soit_fw-fr que_fw-fr pass_n per_fw-la la_fw-fr mire_n dedeinz_fw-fr le_fw-fr dicte_n admiralté_fw-fr alant_fw-la &_o returnant_a pur_fw-mi la_fw-fr voyage_n de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr tonnetight_n vi_o d._n horspris_fw-fr niefs_fw-mi chargez_fw-fr ove_fw-la vin_n &_o niefs_fw-mi chargez_fw-fr ove_fw-la merchandise_n en_fw-fr flanders_n qe_fw-fr serront_fw-fr frettez_fw-fr &_o dischargez_fw-fr à _fw-fr londres_n &_o niefs_fw-mi chargez_fw-fr ove_fw-la leyne_n &_o peve_v a_o londres_n ou_fw-fr ailleurs_fw-fr dedeinz_fw-fr la_fw-fr dicte_n admiralté_fw-fr que_fw-fr serront_fw-fr dischargez_fw-fr à _fw-fr caleis_fw-la les_fw-fr quieux_fw-fr nief_n les_fw-fr garden_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr dicte_n mire_n ne_fw-fr serront_fw-fr tenuz_fw-fr de_fw-fr les_fw-fr conduire_n sans_fw-fr estre_fw-fr allovez_fw-fr item_n de_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr vesseau_fw-fr pessoner_n qe_fw-mi pessent_n sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr admiralté_fw-fr entour_n harang_fw-mi de_fw-fr quelle_fw-fr portage_n q'il_fw-fr soit_fw-fr en_fw-fr un_fw-fr semain_fw-fr de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr tonnetight_n vi_o d_o item_n de_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr des_fw-fr autres_fw-fr nief_n &_o vesseauz_fw-fr pessoner_n que_fw-fr pessont_fw-fr entour_n autres_fw-fr pesson_n sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n dedeinz_fw-fr la_fw-fr dicte_n admiralté_fw-fr de_fw-fr quele_n portage_n q'il_fw-fr soit_fw-fr en_fw-fr trois_fw-fr semaigne_v de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr tonnetight_n vi_o d_o item_n de_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr de_fw-fr touz_v autres_fw-fr nief_n &_o vesseaux_fw-fr passanz_fw-fr par_fw-fr mire_n dedeinz_fw-fr la_fw-fr dicte_n admiralté_fw-fr chargez_fw-fr ove_fw-la charbons_n ou_fw-fr novel_a chastiele_n seur_fw-fr tyne_n de_fw-fr quele_n portage_n q'il_fw-fr soit_fw-fr en_fw-fr le_fw-fr quarter_n de_fw-fr un_fw-fr a_fw-fr de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr tonnetight_n vi_o d_o item_n de_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr de_fw-fr touz_v autres_fw-fr nief_n craier_n &_o vesseaux_fw-fr passanz_fw-fr per_fw-la mire_n dedeinz_fw-fr la_fw-fr dicte_n admiralté_fw-fr chargez_fw-fr ove_fw-la biens_fw-fr des_fw-fr marchanz_n queconques_fw-la en_fw-fr espreux_fw-fr ou_fw-fr en_fw-fr northway_n ou_fw-fr en_fw-fr scone_n ou_fw-fr en_fw-fr ascune_fw-fr lieu_fw-fr en_fw-fr mesme_fw-fr les_fw-fr party_n de_fw-fr pardela_n pour_fw-fr le_fw-fr voyage_n alant_fw-la &_o retornant_a de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr last_n squar_fw-la viz._n lastas_fw-la grave_n vi_o d_o this_o be_v the_o ordinance_n and_o grant_v by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o merchant_n of_o london_n and_o other_o merchant_n towards_o the_o north_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o all_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n before_o the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n and_o the_o mayor_n of_o london_n for_o the_o guard_n and_o tuition_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o the_o north_n with_o two_o ship_n two_o barge_n and_o two_o ballingers_n arm_v and_o fit_v for_o war_n at_o these_o rate_n follow_v first_o to_o take_v of_o every_o ship_n and_o bark_n of_o what_o burden_n soever_o it_o be_v which_o pass_v through_o the_o sea_n within_o the_o say_a admiralty_n go_v &_o return_v for_o the_o uoiage_n upon_o every_o tun_n vi_o do_v except_o ship_n lade_v with_o wine_n and_o ship_n lade_v with_o merchandise_n in_o flanders_n which_o shall_v be_v unlade_v and_o discharge_v at_o london_n and_o ship_n lade_v with_o wool_n &_o skin_n at_o london_n or_o elsewhere_o within_o the_o say_a admiralty_n which_o shall_v be_v discharge_v at_o calais_n which_o ship_n the_o guardian_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v to_o convoy_n without_o allowance_n item_n to_o take_v of_o every_o fisherboat_n that_o fish_v upon_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o say_a admiralty_n for_o herrmg_n of_o what_o burden_n soëver_v it_o be_v for_o each_o week_n of_o every_o tun_n vi_o d_o item_n to_o take_v of_o other_o ship_n and_o fisher-boat_n that_o fish_n for_o other_o kind_n of_o fish_n upon_o the_o sea_n within_o the_o say_a admiralty_n of_o what_o burden_n soëver_o they_o be_v for_o three_o week_n of_o every_o tun_n vid._z item_n to_o take_v of_o all_o other_o ship_n and_o uessel_n pass_v by_o sea_n within_o the_o say_a admiralty_n lade_v with_o coal_n from_o newcastle_n upon_o tyne_n of_o what_o burden_n soever_o they_o be_v for_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o year_n of_o every_o tun_n vid._z item_n to_o take_v of_o all_o other_o ship_n bark_n and_o uessel_n pass_v by_o sea_n within_o the_o say_a admiralty_n lade_v with_o good_n of_o any_o merchant_n whatsoever_o for_o prussia_n or_o for_o norway_n or_o for_o scone_n or_o for_o any_o other_o place_n in_o those_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o uoiage_n go_v and_o return_v of_o every_o last_o vid._o so_o run_v the_o record_n of_o parliament_n which_o in_o that_o age_n be_v almost_o all_o write_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o language_n not_o such_o as_o arrive_v at_o shore_n be_v charge_v here_o as_o in_o most_o other_o place_n with_o custom_n as_o upon_o the_o account_n only_o of_o the_o shore_n but_o those_o that_o pass_v or_o sail_v by_o or_o use_v fish_v as_o well_o stranger_n as_o native_n and_o this_o be_v upon_o the_o request_n also_o of_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n under_o henry_n the_o five_o in_o the_o prefer_n of_o a_o certain_a bill_n which_o i_o have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o record_n and_o set_v down_o at_o large_a 23._o hereafter_o that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o desire_v it_o as_o be_v very_o well_o instruct_v in_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n touch_v that_o particular_a and_o of_o the_o king_n dominion_n nor_o can_v any_o thing_n be_v say_v more_o express_o for_o assert_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n over_o the_o sea_n itself_o for_o it_o be_v clear_o the_o interest_n of_o he_o who_o be_v lord_n or_o owner_n of_o the_o place_n to_o impose_v payment_n and_o service_n within_o a_o territory_n moreover_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n vi_o william_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr poole_n duke_n of_o suffolk_n be_v accuse_v in_o 38._o parliament_n the_o principal_a head_n of_o the_o charge_n be_v that_o he_o have_v convert_v the_o subsidy_n money_n to_o other_o use_n which_o have_v be_v impose_v and_o levy_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o word_n in_o the_o english_a be_v for_o the_o defence_n and_o tuytion_n and_o saufe_fw-fr keep_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o we_o read_v it_o in_o the_o record_n a_o demand_n be_v make_v also_o in_o 41._o parliament_n in_o the_o two_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n of_o forty_o thousand_o pound_n for_o the_o defence_n and_o saufegard_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o we_o read_v likewise_o in_o the_o record_n but_o why_o do_v i_o cite_v they_o here_o in_o those_o regis_fw-la act_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v publish_v abroad_o in_o print_n we_o very_o often_o find_v it_o as_o a_o thing_n assert_v by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o parliament_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n take_v large_a sum_n of_o money_n by_o way_n of_o subsidy_n or_o custom_n upon_o merchandise_n either_o import_v or_o export_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o keep_n and_o
12._o there_o be_v say_v he_o four_o governor_n of_o the_o french_a sea_n who_o bear_v a_o equal_a command_n under_o a_o different_a title_n and_o upon_o several_a coast_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o in_o ancient_a time_n aquitain_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o english_a bretaign_v by_o its_o duke_n provence_n by_o hereditary_a earl_n not_o by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o therefore_o at_o that_o time_n the_o admiral_n of_o france_n have_v command_v only_o over_o the_o belgic_a sea_n of_o picardy_n and_o normandy_n as_o far_o as_o the_o coast_n of_o bretaign_n but_o then_o all_o the_o other_o border_a prince_n choose_v governor_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o admiral_n peculiar_o for_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o the_o english_a be_v drive_v out_o of_o aquitain_n and_o the_o country_n of_o provence_n and_o bretaign_v be_v bring_v into_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n the_o king_n suppose_v it_o not_o fit_a to_o innovate_v any_o thing_n appoint_v a_o lieutenant_n and_o admiral_n of_o aquitain_n likewise_o a_o governor_n of_o bretaign_n with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o in_o the_o province_n of_o gallia_n narbonensis_n in_o a_o manner_n distinct_a and_o apart_o from_o the_o rest_n but_o the_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n belong_v to_o the_o french_a admiral_n be_v settle_v at_o paris_n and_o rouen_n so_o he_o and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o write_v that_o there_o be_v prince_n not_o a_o few_o who_o hold_v the_o seacoast_n as_o beneficiaries_n that_o enjoy_v the_o power_n of_o admiral_n in_o their_o territory_n but_o we_o have_v edict_n and_o decree_n concern_v the_o admiral_n be_v jurisdiction_n over_o the_o maritime_a force_n affair_n and_o person_n in_o the_o time_n of_o 10._o charles_n the_o five_o and_o sixth_o lewis_n the_o 12_o the_o francis_n the_o first_o henry_n the_o 2_o d_o &_o 3_o d_o and_o other_o king_n of_o france_n as_o also_o touch_v the_o ten_o of_o spoil_n take_v from_o enemy_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o relate_v unto_o the_o good_n and_o person_n of_o such_o as_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o manner_n of_o navigation_n whatsoêver_o and_o in_o these_o edict_n he_o be_v sometime_o call_v by_o the_o king_n nostre_fw-fr 148â—_n lieutenant_n general_n per_fw-la la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr &_o greve_n d'icelle_n that_o be_v our_o lieutenant_n general_a throughout_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n thereof_o but_o this_o lieutenant_n or_o governor_n as_o they_o plea_n to_o call_v he_o of_o the_o sea_n be_v never_o at_o all_o in_o command_n over_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o france_n and_o britain_n as_o over_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n to_o be_v defend_v for_o the_o king_n of_o france_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n but_o in_o the_o sea_n only_o over_o the_o 3._o naval_a force_n person_n and_o affair_n belong_v to_o the_o french_a jurisdiction_n much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n take_v cognizance_n of_o offender_n of_o his_o own_o retinue_n in_o a_o foreign_a territory_n and_o rule_n be_v they_o as_o at_o home_n but_o without_o any_o pretence_n of_o he_o to_o a_o right_a of_o dominion_n in_o that_o territory_n which_o true_o there_o be_v no_o man_n but_o will_v conceiv_v that_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n observe_v the_o defect_n and_o deep_a silence_n of_o ancient_a testimony_n touch_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o dominion_n among_o the_o french_a beside_o the_o quality_n of_o that_o government_n among_o they_o and_o at_o length_n the_o entire_a and_o most_o ample_a power_n always_o exercise_v throughout_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n lie_v about_o it_o under_o the_o sole_a command_n of_o the_o english_a and_o will_v but_o compare_v it_o for_o so_o many_o revolution_n of_o year_n with_o those_o so_o long_o break_v and_o divide_v dominion_n upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n of_o france_n and_o with_o the_o late_a addition_n of_o the_o sea-coast_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n according_a to_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v already_o speak_v about_o it_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o there_o be_v no_o testimony_n before_o our_o time_n concern_v any_o dominion_n of_o this_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o in_o our_o time_n except_o certain_a lawyer_n who_o speak_v of_o it_o either_o by_o the_o by_o or_o in_o a_o rhetorical_a flourish_n only_o not_o in_o a_o way_n of_o assert_v it_o by_o strength_n of_o argument_n of_o these_o thing_n i_o have_v speak_v already_o in_o the_o former_a book_n where_o also_o other_o matter_n be_v allege_v of_o special_a observation_n which_o confirm_v what_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o particular_a but_o now_o let_v we_o add_v hereunto_o that_o the_o very_a french_a historian_n both_o of_o the_o past_a and_o present_a age_n do_v affirm_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n the_o king_n of_o france_n therefore_o either_o have_v no_o admiral_n at_o all_o or_o else_o that_o they_o be_v constitute_v now_o and_o then_o only_o as_o occasion_v require_v because_o they_o have_v no_o empire_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o tilius_fw-la say_v express_o in_o the_o place_n abovementioned_a in_o vain_a therefore_o do_v 9_o popellinerius_n reprehend_v those_o historian_n in_o say_v it_o be_v false_a because_o normandy_n picardy_n and_o flanders_n be_v heretofore_o under_o the_o french_a dominion_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v this_o that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n reign_v a_o long_a time_n without_o the_o possession_n of_o normandy_n and_o flanders_n and_o retain_v not_o any_o other_o shore_n beside_o that_o of_o picardy_n as_o appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o show_v and_o by_o the_o frequent_a testimony_n of_o historian_n and_o the_o consequence_n do_v not_o appear_v to_o be_v good_a that_o they_o have_v any_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n because_o they_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o some_o sea-coast_n no_o more_o true_o than_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o a_o man_n be_v lord_n of_o a_o river_n in_o france_n because_o he_o have_v land_n lie_v by_o it_o whereas_o by_o receive_a custom_n according_a to_o the_o 16._o law_n of_o france_n the_o king_n be_v owner_n of_o all_o river_n that_o be_v navigable_a where_o they_o belong_v not_o to_o some_o subject_n by_o a_o particular_a prescription_n of_o possession_n or_o some_o other_o title_n beside_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o adjacent_a land_n as_o the_o custom_n be_v not_o unusual_a also_o in_o other_o place_n but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o quality_n of_o this_o maritime_a government_n among_o the_o french_a it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o as_o every_o one_o of_o the_o more_o eminent_a office_n or_o government_n have_v a_o peculiar_a place_n in_o their_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o government_n as_o it_o chief_o respect_n any_o province_n or_o government_n within_o the_o 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officer_n that_o be_v call_v precedent_n or_o 16._o master_n of_o the_o water_n and_o forest_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o public_a water_n which_o be_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o over_o which_o the_o king_n have_v dominion_n do_v belong_v to_o another_o dignity_n not_o at_o all_o to_o the_o admiral_n who_o according_a to_o the_o general_a nature_n of_o his_o office_n be_v not_o appoint_v to_o take_v charge_n of_o any_o province_n there_o much_o less_o of_o the_o river_n as_o in_o england_n the_o principal_a intent_n therefore_o of_o this_o office_n or_o dignity_n be_v only_o to_o command_v the_o fleet_n by_o sea_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o some_o year_n since_o henry_n of_o momorancie_n admiral_n of_o france_n have_v set_v up_o a_o statue_n on_o horse_n back_o at_o chantillie_o in_o honour_n of_o his_o father_n henry_n duke_n of_o momorancie_n 1612._o call_v himself_o in_o latin_a only_a navalis_fw-la militiae_fw-la magistrum_fw-la master_n of_o the_o militia_n by_o sea_n instead_o of_o admiral_n so_o that_o never_o any_o admiral_n constitute_v by_o the_o french_a king_n either_o of_o france_n or_o britain_n or_o aquitain_n have_v any_o authority_n in_o the_o sea_n itself_o whereby_o he_o may_v challenge_v a_o dominion_n to_o himself_o as_o governor_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a which_o may_v be_v say_v in_o like_a manner_n of_o all_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o belgic_a and_o the_o neighbour_a shore_n on_o this_o side_n and_o of_o the_o cantabrian_a or_o spanish_a shore_n on_o the_o other_o side_n for_o the_o authority_n of_o they_o all_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v this_o particular_a have_v be_v and_o be_v alike_o we_o know_v indeed_o that_o this_o dignity_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v style_v admiral_n of_o france_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o royal_a navy_n as_o the_o same_o dignity_n among_o the_o english_a be_v usual_o call_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n admiral_n of_o england_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o royal_a navy_n in_o etc._n several_a league_n that_o have_v be_v make_v betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o french_a but_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o what_o have_v be_v show_v that_o they_o bear_v the_o office_n or_o dignity_n call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n upon_o a_o different_a account_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o dignity_n be_v to_o be_v value_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o charge_n not_o by_o the_o bare_a name_n or_o title_n and_o let_v so_o much_o serve_v to_o be_v speak_v touch_v the_o defect_n of_o ancient_a testimony_n and_o the_o nature_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o government_n but_o now_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o most_o ample_a and_o entire_a command_n of_o the_o english_a for_o very_a many_o age_n and_o the_o compare_v of_o it_o with_o those_o several_a government_n heretofore_o on_o the_o opposite_a shore_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v almost_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o very_a first_o time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a one_o entire_a empire_n throughout_o england_n and_o so_o on_o the_o whole_a shore_n which_o lie_v over_o against_o germany_n france_n and_o that_o part_n of_o spain_n call_v biscay_n and_o this_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o heptarchy_n which_o be_v mention_v by_o writer_n for_o there_o be_v always_o some_o one_o person_n who_o have_v most_o power_n therein_o and_o to_o who_o the_o rest_n yield_v obedience_n as_o we_o be_v tell_v by_o 97._o beda_n and_o touch_v that_o particular_a there_o be_v a_o notable_a testimony_n in_o alcuinus_fw-la where_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n that_o be_v indeed_o of_o the_o most_o large_a and_o in_o a_o manner_n the_o most_o midland_n part_v of_o the_o heptarchy_n and_o charles_n surname_v the_o great_a king_n of_o france_n navigation_n be_v so_o 1669_o prohibit_v on_o both_o side_n that_o trade_n be_v whole_o obstruct_v which_o true_o can_v be_v conceive_v unless_o these_o large_a territory_n near_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v 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sea_n lie_v before_o it_o as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o island_n especial_o see_v they_o not_o only_o have_v so_o long_o and_o large_a a_o command_n likewise_o on_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o but_o also_o there_o be_v not_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n that_o can_v in_o any_o wise_a hinder_v it_o except_o such_o as_o possess_v some_o petty_a country_n border_v on_o the_o sea_n which_o true_o may_v be_v so_o call_v be_v compare_v to_o the_o spacious_a shore_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n and_o those_o also_o that_o be_v under_o distinct_a jurisdiction_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o this_o be_v see_v that_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o our_o great_a grand-father_n day_n there_o be_v only_o a_o very_a small_a shore_n contain_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o french_a kingdom_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o maritime_a province_n by_o the_o addition_n whereof_o that_o kingdom_n as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v be_v afterward_o enlarge_v do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v any_o right_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n upon_o the_o interest_n of_o those_o province_n and_o see_v no_o testimony_n can_v be_v have_v in_o the_o monument_n of_o ancient_a writer_n concern_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o dominion_n but_o that_o very_o many_o be_v find_v touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o have_v continual_o possess_v the_o whole_a english_a shore_n in_o its_o full_a latitude_n under_o one_o entire_a empire_n for_o above_o a_o thousand_o year_n and_o concern_v the_o perpetual_a enjoiment_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o kingdom_n therefore_o it_o follow_v we_o that_o their_o right_n be_v very_o manifest_a in_o this_o particular_a and_o so_o that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v a_o province_n under_o the_o tuition_n or_o protection_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n as_o part_v of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o shore_n lie_v over_o against_o we_o be_v not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v call_v governor_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o such_o a_o sens_fw-fr as_o may_v signify_v any_o dominion_n of_o a_o commander_n in_o chief_a in_o the_o sea_n itself_o out_o of_o the_o port_n or_o other_o in-lets_a of_o that_o kind_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o it_o be_v that_o some_o age_n since_o very_o many_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n understand_v well_o enough_o the_o right_n of_o england_n make_v their_o complaint_n in_o express_a term_n against_o reyner_n grimbald_n admiral_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n because_o that_o l'_fw-fr office_n del_fw-it admiralté_fw-fr en_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr per_fw-la commission_n de_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n tourcenousment_n emprist_n &_o usa_fw-la un_fw-fr a_fw-fr &_o plux_n etc._n etc._n that_o be_v because_o he_o have_v arrogate_a to_o himself_o and_o for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n exercise_v the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o commission_n in_o the_o english_a sea_n the_o 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worthy_a of_o observation_n that_o this_o kind_n of_o letter_n be_v usual_o superscribe_v and_o direct_v by_o our_o king_n to_o their_o governor_n of_o the_o sea_n admiral_n vice-admirals_n sea-captain_n to_o wit_n the_o commander_n appoint_v by_o the_o king_n to_o take_v care_n of_o his_o territory_n by_o sea_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o we_o find_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o of_o any_o such_o commander_n in_o those_o passport_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o be_v grant_v heretofore_o by_o the_o french_a king_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n when_o he_o be_v to_o cross_v over_o into_o france_n letter_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v give_v to_o our_o edward_n the_o second_o by_o king_n philip_n the_o long_a superscribe_v only_o thus_o dorso_fw-la phelip_n par_fw-fr la_fw-fr grace_n de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n a_o touz_v noz_n justicier_n &_o subgy_n salut_v philip_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o france_n to_o our_o judge_n and_o subject_n greeting_n but_o the_o reason_n be_v evident_a why_o the_o k._n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o direct_v his_o letter_n to_o his_o commander_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o french_a king_n at_o that_o time_n only_o to_o his_o judge_n and_o subject_n in_o general_a to_o wit_n because_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v his_o sea-commander_n throughout_o this_o whole_a sea_n as_o lord_n of_o the_o same_o and_o therefore_o when_o he_o cross_v over_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o the_o french_a k._n shall_v secure_v he_o by_o sea_n it_o be_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o english_a territory_n and_o yet_o the_o king_n of_o france_n may_v perhaps_o have_v a_o admiral_n at_o that_o time_n but_o only_o upon_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n and_o picardy_n for_o that_o of_o aquitain_n bretaign_n and_o narbonne_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o add_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o that_o crown_n and_o it_o be_v about_o that_o time_n or_o a_o little_a before_o that_o they_o be_v place_v who_o be_v first_o rank_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n but_o of_o late_a time_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o in_o those_o passport_n or_o letter_n of_o safe_a conduct_n which_o have_v be_v grant_v even_o by_o the_o sauf-conduit_n french_a king_n and_o other_o prince_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n admiral_n be_v usual_o name_v in_o express_a term_n among_o the_o other_o kind_n of_o royal_a officer_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o to_o who_o the_o passport_n be_v grant_v may_v be_v secure_v in_o every_o place_n and_o part_n of_o their_o dominion_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o english_a command_n over_o such_o as_o pass_v or_o sail_v through_o their_o sea_n there_o be_v many_o other_o argument_n take_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v by_o and_o by_o from_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o king_n be_v prescribe_v limit_n to_o such_o as_o sail_v in_o this_o sea_n as_o also_o from_o those_o passage_n which_o we_o have_v book_n already_o cite_v out_o of_o record_n concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o custom_n impose_v by_o the_o english_a upon_o such_o as_o pass_v through_o the_o sea_n and_o true_o it_o be_v very_o considerable_a also_o that_o the_o king_n both_o of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n together_o with_o the_o hans-town_n very_o often_o and_o earnest_o beg_v of_o queen_n elisabeth_n that_o they_o may_v have_v free_a passage_n through_o the_o english_a sea_n with_o provision_n towards_o spain_n during_o the_o war_n betwixt_o she_o and_o the_o spaniard_n i_o know_v indeed_o that_o such_o a_o licence_n be_v deny_v they_o not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o chief_o to_o prevent_v the_o convey_n of_o provision_n to_o the_o enemy_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o divers_a ship_n belong_v to_o the_o hans-town_n lade_v with_o corn_n be_v edita_fw-la take_v by_o english_a man_n of_o war_n in_o the_o very_a strait_n of_o lisbon_n without_o the_o sea-territorie_n of_o england_n which_o go_v by_o the_o 95._o scotish_n sea_n and_o the_o west_n towards_o portugal_n which_o 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itself_o be_v contern_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o admiralty_n be_v clear_o manifest_a by_o what_o we_o have_v already_o show_v you_o and_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o use_v his_o ancient_a right_n as_o other_o king_n of_o england_n do_v also_o therein_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o port_n themselves_o or_o shore_n of_o england_n for_o there_o be_v innumerable_a example_n of_o the_o stay_n of_o all_o ship_n whatsoêver_o by_o the_o king_n command_n in_o port_n or_o shore_n but_o that_o which_o have_v be_v allege_v about_o the_o stay_n of_o ship_n and_o list_v they_o for_o the_o king_n service_n you_o be_v always_o to_o understand_v it_o be_v so_o do_v according_a to_o equity_n that_o competent_a pay_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v they_o answerable_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o tun_n and_o also_o to_o the_o number_n of_o seaman_n that_o be_v so_o take_v into_o employment_n touch_v which_o particular_a there_o be_v several_a testimony_n also_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o 31._o record_n of_o parliament_n that_o licence_n have_v be_v usual_o grant_v to_o foreiner_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o fish_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o that_o the_o protection_n give_v to_o fisherman_n by_o they_o as_o in_o their_o own_o territory_n be_v a_o ancient_a and_o manifest_a evidence_n of_o their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n chap._n xxi_o as_o a_o freedom_n of_o passage_n so_o also_o we_o find_v that_o a_o liberty_n of_o fish_v have_v be_v obtain_v by_o petition_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n there_o be_v a_o clear_a testimony_n hereof_o in_o that_o which_o be_v allege_v xv._o before_o out_o of_o the_o record_n of_o parliament_n concern_v those_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v impose_v in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o upon_o all_o person_n whatsoëver_o that_o use_v fish_v in_o the_o sea_n moreover_o it_o appear_v by_o record_n that_o henry_n the_o sixth_o give_v leave_v particular_o to_o the_o french_a and_o very_o many_o other_o foreiner_n 14._o for_o one_o whole_a year_n only_o sometime_o for_o six_o month_n etc._n etc._n to_o go_v and_o fish_n throughout_o the_o sea_n at_o all_o time_n and_o as_o often_o etc._n etc._n but_o this_o leave_v be_v grant_v under_o the_o name_n even_o of_o a_o passport_n or_o safe_a conduct_n yea_o and_o a_o size_n or_o proportion_n be_v prescribe_v to_o their_o fishing-boat_n or_o buss_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v above_o xxx_o tun_n and_o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o consideration_n or_o condition_n add_v that_o some_o other_o who_o be_v subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n may_v in_o fish_v enjoy_v the_o same_o security_n with_o foreiner_n which_o be_v for_o this_o cause_n only_o put_v into_o the_o licence_n that_o if_o the_o foreiner_n do_v disturb_v or_o molest_v they_o they_o shall_v lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o their_o licence_n the_o word_n of_o that_o consideration_n or_o condition_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o those_o licence_n run_v after_o this_o manner_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o business_n of_o the_o herring-fishing_a and_o of_o other_o fish_n may_v be_v advance_v continue_a and_o maintain_v for_o the_o public_a good_a yea_o and_o that_o the_o like_a security_n may_v be_v yield_v and_o afford_v to_o some_o certain_a fisherman_n under_o our_o obedience_n i_o suppose_v that_o those_o certain_a fisher_n man_n under_o our_o obedience_n be_v also_o the_o french_a who_o at_o that_o time_n continue_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o english_a whereas_o almost_o all_o in_o france_n except_o the_o shore_n of_o picardy_n have_v new_o revolt_v from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o sixt._n but_o that_o which_o we_o find_v either_o here_o touch_v equal_a security_n or_o in_o other_o place_n sometime_o also_o about_o the_o give_v of_o safe_a conduct_n even_o to_o the_o fisherman_n of_o england_n by_o licence_n grant_v either_o to_o french_a or_o fleming_n or_o bretaigns_n that_o usual_o happen_v when_o the_o heat_n of_o war_n be_v over_o &_o a_o cessation_n agree_v on_o to_o treat_v of_o peace_n or_o amity_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n security_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v give_v on_o both_o side_n now_o and_o then_o by_o agreement_n but_o by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o place_n as_o his_o be_v a_o party_n that_o be_v treat_v about_o a_o league_n or_o amity_n by_o other_o upon_o this_o account_n only_o not_o upon_o that_o unless_o you_o understand_v the_o question_n to_o be_v about_o the_o use_n of_o port_n and_o shore_n for_o so_o no_o man_n deny_v but_o these_o be_v lord_n as_o well_o as_o he_o moreover_o also_o in_o our_o time_n leave_v be_v wont_a to_o be_v ask_v of_o our_o admiral_n for_o frenchman_n to_o fish_n for_o sole_n in_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n for_o king_n henry_n the_o four_o of_o france_n his_o own_o table_n as_o it_o be_v affirm_v by_o such_o as_o have_v be_v judge_n of_o our_o admiralty_n and_o commander_n at_o sea_n of_o a_o ancient_a stand_n yea_o and_o that_o the_o ship_n of_o those_o french_a be_v seize_v as_o trespasser_n upon_o the_o sea_n who_o presume_v to_o fish_v there_o without_o this_o kind_n of_o licence_n but_o in_o the_o eastern_a sea_n which_o wash_v the_o coast_n of_o yorkshire_n and_o the_o neighbour_a county_n it_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n for_o the_o hollander_n and_o zelander_n to_o obtain_v leave_v to_o fish_n by_o petition_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o scarbâ—rough_n castle_n situate_v by_o the_o seaside_n in_o the_o county_n of_o york_n and_o this_o for_o very_a many_o year_n past_a as_o be_v affirm_v by_o that_o learned_a man_n m_o r_o camden_n speak_v of_o those_o coast_n it_o be_v worth_a the_o while_n say_v he_o to_o note_v
what_o a_o extraordinary_a plentiful_a and_o gainful_a herring-fishing_a the_o hollander_n and_o zelander_n use_v to_o have_v in_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n have_v first_o obtain_v leave_v from_o this_o castle_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n for_o the_o english_a have_v ever_o grant_v they_o leave_v to_o fish_n reserve_v always_o the_o honour_n and_o privilege_n to_o themselves_o but_o through_o a_o kind_n of_o negligence_n resign_v the_o profit_n to_o stranger_n for_o it_o be_v almost_o incredible_a what_o a_o vast_a sum_n of_o mâ—nie_n the_o hollander_n make_v by_o this_o fish_n upon_o our_o coast._n so_o he_o there_o be_v another_o man_n also_o of_o very_o great_a skill_n and_o knowledge_n in_o sea-affair_n who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o q._n elisabeth_n present_v a_o book_n to_o the_o parliament_n write_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n about_o the_o commodity_n of_o fish_v wherein_o he_o write_v that_o the_o hollander_n and_o zelander_n every_o year_n towards_o the_o late_a end_n of_o summer_n send_v forth_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o vessel_n call_v buff_n to_o fish_v for_o herring_n in_o this_o eastern_a sea_n 1580._o where_o before_o they_o fish_v they_o ask_v leave_v of_o scarborough_n which_o be_v his_o very_a word_n care_n be_v take_v also_o by_o proclamation_n in_o the_o time_n of_o 6._o k._n james_n that_o no_o foreiner_n shall_v fish_v in_o the_o english_a or_o irish_a sea_n or_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o other_o isle_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v and_o every_o year_n at_o least_o reneâ—ed_a from_o the_o commissioner_n appoint_v for_o this_o purpose_n at_o london_n and_o touch_v the_o liberty_n of_o fish_v grant_v at_o other_o time_n also_o to_o foreiner_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n there_o be_v many_o testimony_n in_o 35._o other_o writer_n but_o the_o cause_n why_o we_o do_v not_o often_o meet_v with_o the_o form_n of_o those_o licence_n grant_v either_o for_o passage_n or_o fish_n in_o the_o english_a sea_n be_v plain_o this_o because_o by_o the_o league_n that_o be_v make_v with_o the_o neighbour_n prince_n a_o licence_n or_o freedom_n of_o that_o kind_n as_o also_o of_o port_n shore_n passage_n and_o other_o thing_n be_v so_o often_o allow_v by_o both_o party_n that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o league_n be_v in_o force_n the_o sea_n serve_v as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o common_a field_n as_o well_o for_o the_o foreiner_n that_o be_v in_o amity_n as_o for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n himself_o who_o be_v lord_n and_o owner_n but_o yet_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o league_n sometime_o the_o fish_n be_v restrain_v to_o certain_a limit_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n chief_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o limit_n relate_v both_o to_o place_n and_o time_n so_o that_o according_a to_o agreement_n the_o foreiner_n in_o amity_n may_v not_o fish_v beyond_o these_o limit_n the_o k._n of_o england_n retain_v a_o dominion_n over_o the_o whole_a adjoin_v sea_n touch_v this_o there_o be_v a_o notable_a example_n in_o the_o time_n of_o our_o henry_n the_o four_o a_o agreement_n be_v make_v betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o septemb_n england_n and_o france_n that_o the_o subject_n of_o both_o may_v free_o use_v fish_v throughout_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v bound_v on_o this_o side_n by_o the_o port_n of_o scarborough_n &_o southampton_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n by_o the_o coast_n of_o flanders_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n seine_n the_o time_n also_o be_v limit_v betwixt_o autumn_n &_o the_o kalend_n of_o januarie_n follow_v and_o that_o the_o french_a may_v secure_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o agreement_n our_o king_n direct_v letter_n to_o that_o end_n unto_o all_o his_o sea-captain_n and_o commander_n here_o you_o see_v plain_o those_o limit_n whole_o exclude_v the_o french_a from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o lie_v towards_o the_o west_n and_o south-west_n and_o also_o from_o that_o which_o lie_v north_n east_n of_o they_o as_o be_v so_o limit_v by_o our_o henry_n at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n as_o its_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n nor_o be_v there_o so_o much_o as_o the_o least_o shadow_n of_o right_n or_o prerogative_n whereby_o the_o french_a king_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v any_o interest_n as_o a_o lord_n or_o owner_n in_o the_o set_n of_o these_o limit_n see_v that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v seclude_v do_v not_o touch_v upon_o any_o shore_n of_o he_o in_o the_o north_n nor_o have_v he_o any_o country_n lie_v before_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o south_n except_o normandy_n or_o in_o the_o west_n the_o rest_n be_v hold_v either_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o bretaign_n or_o by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v from_o hence_o true_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o give_v protection_n to_o fisherman_n that_o be_v stranger_n sometime_o by_o proclamation_n and_o sometime_o with_o a_o fleet_n of_o man_n of_o war_n when_o they_o go_v to_o fish_n either_o by_o agreement_n make_v upon_o treaty_n or_o by_o leave_v obtain_v qualification_n be_v add_v according_a to_o the_o english_a king_n pleasure_n there_o be_v among_o the_o record_n of_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o a_o inscription_n pro_fw-la hominibus_fw-la hollandiae_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o the_o man_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n and_o friesland_n to_o have_v leave_v to_o fish_v near_o jernemuth_n the_o king_n letter_n for_o their_o 5._o protection_n follow_v we_o thus_o the_o king_n to_o his_o belove_a and_o trusty_n john_n de_fw-fr buteturte_fw-fr warden_n of_o his_o port_n de_fw-fr jernemuth_n greeting_n for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o have_v be_v certify_v that_o many_o man_n out_o of_o the_o part_n of_o holland_n zealand_n and_o friesland_n also_o who_o be_v in_o amity_n with_o we_o intend_v now_o to_o come_v and_o fish_v in_o our_o sea_n near_o jernemuth_n we_o command_v you_o that_o you_o cause_v public_a proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v once_o or_o twice_o every_o week_n that_o no_o person_n whatsoëver_o employ_v abroad_o in_o our_o service_n presume_v to_o cause_v any_o injury_n trouble_n damage_n hindrance_n or_o grievance_n to_o be_v do_v unto_o they_o but_o rather_o when_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n that_o you_o give_v they_o advice_n and_o assistance_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o they_o may_v fish_v and_o pursue_v their_o own_o advantage_n without_o any_o let_v or_o impediment_n in_o testimony_n whereof_o we_o have_v cause_v these_o our_o letter_n to_o be_v make_v patent_n to_o continue_v in_o force_n till_o after_o the_o feast_n of_o st_n martin_n next_o ensue_v witness_v the_o king_n at_o wengham_n the_o xxviii_o day_n of_o september_n which_o be_v in_o the_o xxiii_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o of_o our_o lord_n mccxcv_o the_o same_o day_n also_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o â—arl_n of_o holland_n and_o his_o subject_n he_o set_v forth_o three_o man_n of_o war_n towards_o the_o far_a coast_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o safeguard_n as_o he_o say_v in_o another_o letter_n of_o those_o uessel_n belong_v to_o your_o and_o our_o own_o country_n that_o be_v in_o these_o day_n employ_v about_o the_o herring_n fish_v &c._n &c._n and_o to_o guard_v your_o coast_n near_o the_o sea_n here_o he_o grant_n a_o protection_n to_o fish_n and_o in_o both_o the_o letter_n he_o limit_n it_o within_o the_o space_n of_o two_o month_n he_o alone_o also_o protect_v the_o fisherman_n upon_o the_o geâ—man_a coast_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o nearness_n he_o call_v here_o your_o coast_n near_o the_o sea_n in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o holland_n as_o well_o as_o upon_o the_o english_a nor_o may_v the_o fisherman_n use_v any_o other_o kind_n of_o vessel_n but_o that_o which_o be_v prescribe_v by_o our_o king_n upon_o which_o account_n all_o kind_n of_o fish_v be_v sometime_o prohibit_v and_o sometime_o admit_v this_o restriction_n only_o be_v add_v that_o they_o shall_v fish_v in_o such_o vessel_n only_o as_o be_v under_o thirty_o tun_n burden_n this_o appear_v by_o those_o letter_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o concern_v the_o law_n of_o fish_v which_o be_v direct_v unto_o his_o several_a governor_n of_o yarmouth_n scarborough_n whitby_n and_o donwich_n town_n seat_v upon_o the_o eastern_a shore_n the_o word_n be_v these_o 35._o forasmuch_o as_o we_o have_v give_v licence_n to_o the_o fisherman_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a town_n and_z to_z other_o who_o shall_v be_v willing_a to_o come_v unto_o the_o say_a town_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o fish_v that_o they_o may_v fish_v and_o make_v their_o own_o advantage_n with_o ship_n and_o boat_n under_o thirty_o tun_n burden_n any_o prohibition_n or_o command_v of_o we_o whatsoever_o to_o the_o contrary_a notwithstanding_o we_o command_v you_o to_o permit_v the_o fisherman_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a
town_n and_z other_o who_o shall_v be_v willing_a to_o come_v to_o the_o say_a town_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o fish_v to_o fish_n and_o make_v their_o own_o advantage_n with_o ship_n anâ—_n boat_n under_o thirty_o tun_n without_o any_o let_v or_o impediment_n any_o prohibition_n or_o command_n of_o we_o make_v to_o the_o contrary_a in_o any_o wise_n notwithstanding_o as_o we_o have_v say_v â—itness_v the_o king_n at_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n august_n x._o which_o be_v in_o the_o 11_o the_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o or_o of_o our_o lord_n mcccxxxix_o but_o if_o any_o heretofore_o undertake_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o fisherman_n in_o this_o sea_n without_o leave_v of_o the_o english_a they_o be_v to_o be_v seize_v and_o imprison_v as_o invader_n of_o the_o right_n of_o dominion_n and_o to_o expect_v to_o be_v deal_v with_o according_o for_o the_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n this_o be_v evident_a also_o in_o the_o record_n of_o our_o k._n edward_n the_o four_o for_o he_o erect_v a_o triumvirate_n or_o invest_v three_o person_n with_o naval_a power_n who_o the_o record_n call_v custodes_fw-la conductores_fw-la &_o waftores_fw-la guardian_n conductor_n and_o waftor_n who_o office_n it_o be_v to_o protect_v and_o guard_v the_o fisherman_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o norfolk_n and_o suffolk_n to_o the_o end_n therefore_o that_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o guard_n may_v be_v defray_v by_o the_o fisherman_n and_o all_o other_o whatsoëver_o be_v exclude_v from_o meddle_v with_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n or_o protection_n he_o appoint_v four_o man_n by_o name_n sir_n john_n hemingham_n knight_n william_n hopton_n edmund_n yve_n and_o john_n â—ansfleet_n esquire_n as_o well_o say_v the_o 2._o record_n themselves_o to_o oversee_v those_o guardian_n conductor_n and_o waftor_n as_o to_o give_v notice_n to_o all_o fisherman_n of_o what_o country_n soêver_o they_o be_v who_o shall_v desire_v to_o fish_v in_o the_o part_n aforesaid_a under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o say_v n._n n._n that_o those_o fisherman_n and_o every_o of_o they_o do_v contribute_v to_o all_o and_o all_o manner_n of_o cost_v charge_n and_o expense_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o guardian_n and_o conductor_n in_o the_o time_n of_o fish_v and_o charge_v all_o such_o cost_v charge_n and_o expense_n according_a to_o a_o proportion_n and_o to_o levy_v and_o collect_v those_o cost_v charge_n and_o expense_n out_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o fishing_n belong_v to_o the_o fisherman_n aforesaid_a wheresoêver_o they_o may_v be_v find_v as_o also_o to_o arrest_v and_o apprehend_v all_o other_o except_z the_o afore_o name_v who_o presume_v or_o attempt_v to_o become_v guardian_n conductor_n or_o wastor_n and_o to_o commit_v they_o to_o our_o next_o gaol_n there_o to_o be_v keep_v safe_o and_o secure_o till_o we_o shall_v take_v order_n for_o their_o delivery_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n almost_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n we_o find_v divers_a letter_n patent_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o septembris_fw-la seven_o yea_o and_o of_o richard_n the_o 2._o three_o save_v that_o in_o the_o form_n hereof_o after_o those_o word_n charge_v all_o such_o expense_n according_a to_o a_o proportion_n this_o considerable_a claus_n here_o be_v insert_v although_o the_o same_o fisherman_n whether_o any_o one_o or_o more_o of_o they_o may_v have_v have_v letter_n of_o safe_a conduct_n from_o any_o other_o king_n prince_z or_o governor_n of_o any_o kingdom_n whatsoëver_o so_o that_o by_o the_o receive_a and_o usual_a custom_n the_o charge_n of_o the_o guard_n be_v to_o be_v defraied_a by_o the_o fisherman_n of_o this_o sea_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o our_o king_n though_o they_o may_v have_v have_v letter_n of_o public_a security_n and_o protection_n from_o any_o other_o prince_n nor_o be_v any_o other_o person_n to_o be_v admit_v to_o a_o partnership_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n except_o those_o that_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n lest_o by_o this_o mean_n perhaps_o it_o may_v derogate_v from_o the_o english_a right_o which_o be_v a_o manifest_a sign_n or_o evidence_n of_o the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o place_n the_o dominion_n of_o england_n make_v evident_a from_o the_o law_n and_o limit_n usual_o set_v by_o our_o king_n in_o the_o sea_n to_o such_o foreiner_n as_o be_v at_o enmity_n with_o each_o other_o but_o in_o amity_n with_o the_o english_a and_o concern_v the_o king_n closet_n or_o chamber_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o touch_v that_o singular_a privilege_n of_o perpetual_a truce_n or_o exemption_n from_o hostility_n in_o the_o sea_n about_o those_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n chap._n xxii_o promontoriorum_fw-la series_n rumbi_fw-la leucae_n ad_fw-la the_o sowter_n in_o phoenicem_n s._n s._n e._n 17â…“_n ad_fw-la whitby_n in_o notapeliotem_fw-la s._n e._n 12_o ad_fw-la flamborough_n head_n in_o notapeliotem_fw-la s._n e._n ½_n versus_fw-la austrum_fw-la 8_o ad_fw-la the_o sporne_n in_o phoenicem_n s._n s._n e._n versus_fw-la apeliotem_fw-la 13â…“_n ad_fw-la cromar_n in_o meleuâ—um_n s._n e._n and_o by_o e._n 24â…“_n ad_fw-la minterton_n nes_z in_o hypophoenicem_fw-la s._n e._n and_o by_o s._n 4._o ad_fw-la caster-nes_a in_o phoenicem_n s._n s._n e._n 21_o 13_o ad_fw-la layestof_n in_o austrum_fw-la s_o 3¾_n ad_fw-la east-nes_a in_o austrum_fw-la s._n ½_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 1â…š_n ad_fw-la orforth-nes_a in_o mesolybonotum_n s._n and_o by_o w._n 6â…™_n ad_fw-la north-foreland_a in_o austrum_fw-la s._n â…“_n versus_fw-la oâ—â—identem_fw-la 15â…™_n ad_fw-la south-foreland_a in_o austrum_fw-la s_o 6â…“_n ad_fw-la dunge-nes_a in_o notolybicum_n s._n w._n ¼_n versus_fw-la austrum_fw-la 7_o ad_fw-la beach_n in_o africum_n w._n s._n w._n ¼_n versus_fw-la austrum_fw-la 13_o add_v dune-noze_a in_o africum_n w._n s._n w._n ¾_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 24_o â—_o â—_o ad_fw-la portland_n in_o hypafricum_n w._n and_o by_o s._n vers_fw-la austrum_fw-la 161_o 12_o ad_fw-la the_o start_n in_o africum_n m._n s._n m._n â…•_n in_o occidentem_fw-la 18â…”_n ad_fw-la the_o ram_n in_o occidentem_fw-la m._n ¼_n versus_fw-la boream_fw-la 6½_n ad_fw-la the_o dudman_n in_o africum_n m._n s._n m._n â…™_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 8½_n ad_fw-la the_o lizard_n in_o africum_n m._n s._n m._n â—_o â—â—_o versus_fw-la austrum_fw-la 9_o ad_fw-la the_o landsend_n in_o caurum_fw-la m._n n._n m._n versus_fw-la boream_fw-la 7_o ad_fw-la milford_n in_o boream_fw-la n._n â…”_n versus_fw-la orientem_fw-la 31â…”_n ad_fw-la s._n david_n head_n in_o boream_fw-la n._n ½_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 5½_n ad_fw-la beardsie_n in_o hypaquilonem_fw-la n._n and_o by_o e._n â…›_n vers_fw-la orieâ—tâ—m_fw-la 12â…™_n ad_fw-la holy_a head_n in_o boream_fw-la n._n â…™_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 9_o ad_fw-la monam_fw-la in_o hypaquilonem_fw-la n._n and_o by_o e._n â…•_n versus_fw-la boream_fw-la 26_o here_o you_o see_v very_o large_a space_n of_o sea_n intercept_v sometime_o for_o above_o ninety_o mile_n for_o three_o english_a mile_n here_o go_v to_o every_o league_n whereby_o those_o chamber_n or_o sea-closet_n be_v make_v but_o we_o find_v the_o management_n of_o that_o business_n concern_v these_o chamber_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a proclamation_n set_v forth_o after_o this_o manner_n in_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o twelv_v man_n that_o be_v swear_v and_o add_v to_o the_o aforesaid_a distance_n and_o course_n of_o sail_v we_o who_o name_n be_v subscribe_v be_v call_v before_o the_o right_n honourable_a sir_n julius_n caesar_n knight_n judge_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v high_a court_n of_o admiralty_n and_o there_o be_v enrol_v admit_v and_o swear_v for_o the_o describe_v of_o the_o limit_n and_o bound_n of_o the_o king_n chamber_n havens_n or_o port_n in_o their_o full_a extent_n do_v by_o these_o present_n make_v answer_v and_o to_o the_o best_a of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o understanding_n declare_v that_o the_o say_v chamber_n havens_n or_o port_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v the_o whole_a seacoast_n which_o be_v intercept_v or_o cut_v off_o by_o a_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o one_o point_n to_o another_o about_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n whereof_o we_o have_v make_v a_o table_n concern_v that_o business_n whereto_o we_o have_v annex_v this_o our_o schedule_n show_v therein_o how_o one_o point_n stand_v in_o a_o direct_a line_n towards_o another_o according_a to_o that_o table_n give_v the_o four_o day_n of_o march_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1604._o and_o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n etc._n etc._n and_o then_o in_o the_o schedule_n there_o follow_v the_o name_n of_o the_o twelv_v man_n who_o be_v all_o person_n of_o very_a great_a knowledge_n in_o naval_a or_o maritime_a affair_n so_o the_o space_n within_o the_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o one_o point_n to_o another_o be_v the_o chamber_n or_o port_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n
who_o be_v lord_n in_o like_a manner_n of_o all_o those_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o far_o as_o the_o opposite_a shore_n or_o port_n whilst_o he_o command_v a_o keep_n of_o the_o peace_n within_o these_o creek_n or_o closet_n do_v as_o arbiter_n permit_v those_o that_o be_v in_o amity_n with_o he_o but_o enemy_n among_o themselves_o to_o make_v prize_n of_o one_o another_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o sea_n yet_o not_o without_o some_o qualification_n or_o restriction_n add_v concern_v the_o use_n of_o the_o more_o open_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o true_o the_o spaniard_n allege_v afterward_o that_o themselves_o ought_v to_o be_v protect_v from_o hostility_n also_o without_o these_o limit_n in_o the_o more_o open_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o agreement_n of_o peace_n whereby_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o england_n be_v oblige_v to_o protect_v one_o another_o subject_n in_o all_o part_n of_o their_o kingdom_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o come_v no_o less_o under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o this_o appear_v also_o from_o the_o dispute_n hold_v by_o their_o advocate_n in_o england_n about_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o territory_n by_o sea_n against_o the_o hollander_n who_o mighty_o exclaim_v as_o 8._o he_o say_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v intercept_v and_o stay_v by_o the_o king_n officer_n at_o sea_n with_o the_o prize_n that_o they_o have_v take_v from_o their_o enemy_n the_o spaniard_n that_o it_o be_v a_o unjust_a violence_n that_o be_v disturb_v and_o spoil_v they_o ought_v to_o have_v reparation_n make_v they_o and_o to_o be_v beard_n against_o those_o spaniard_n who_o be_v prisoner_n be_v discharge_v with_o the_o good_n that_o be_v take_v but_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n may_v just_o give_v the_o spaniard_n protection_n against_o the_o hollander_n in_o the_o british_a sea_n either_o within_o or_o without_o those_o limit_n he_o plead_v after_o this_o manner_n you_o see_v say_v he_o how_o fâ—r_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n stretche_n towards_o the_o south_n north_n and_o west_n the_o 5._o northern_a coast_n of_o britain_n have_v no_o country_n lie_v against_o they_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o main_a and_o open_a sea_n and_o the_o southern_a coast_n of_o ireland_n be_v bound_v upon_o spain_n the_o western_a upon_o the_o indian_a country_n under_o the_o dominion_n of_o spain_n and_o so_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o our_o king_n by_o sâ—â—_n be_v of_o a_o mighty_a vast_a extent_n nor_o be_v it_o restrain_v or_o beckon_v by_o that_o subsequent_a proclamation_n of_o the_o king_n the_o same_o above_o mention_v whereby_o certain_a limit_n be_v appoint_v beyond_o which_o the_o king_n declare_v the_o power_n of_o his_o territory_n shall_v not_o be_v extend_v in_o these_o act_n of_o hostility_n betwixt_o the_o spaniard_n and_o hollander_n but_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o hollander_n be_v intercept_v by_o the_o officer_n without_o these_o limit_n also_o according_a to_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n late_o agree_v on_o betwixt_o our_o king_n and_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n they_o ought_v to_o protect_v one_o another_o subject_n in_o all_o place_n throughout_o their_o dominion_n â—nd_v therefore_o both_o aught_o to_o give_v protection_n throughout_o that_o immense_a jurisdiction_n for_o there_o be_v limit_n 14._o found_v upon_o right_a and_o there_o be_v limit_n by_o compact_n or_o agreement_n and_o a_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o one_o do_v not_o conclude_v against_o the_o other_o and_o here_o we_o be_v to_o follow_v the_o limit_n of_o right_a concern_v which_o certain_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n and_o agreement_n ought_v to_o be_v understand_v because_o the_o other_o bound_n be_v set_v afterward_o be_v not_o then_o in_o imagination_n but_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o proclamation_n extend'_v not_o to_o thing_n past_a certain_a it_o be_v that_o law_n and_o constitution_n do_v give_v a_o be_v to_o a 1_n future_a business_n and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v recall_v unto_o thing_n do_v and_o pass_v nor_o be_v this_o a_o declaration_n of_o the_o king_n be_v right_a therefore_o the_o more_o easy_o to_o be_v 〈…〉_o admit_v make_v in_o the_o proclamation_n but_o a_o disposition_n and_o law_n whole_o new_a for_o a_o 〈…〉_o declaration_n induce_v nothing_o new_a and_o change_v nothing_o but_o this_o proclamation_n will_v change_v much_o see_v the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n territory_n extend'_v itself_o much_o beyond_o those_o limit_n now_o constitute_v to_o this_o a_o 〈…〉_o answer_n may_v be_v give_v also_o which_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o that_o a_o declaration_n be_v of_o no_o force_n to_o another_o prejudice_n which_o here_o may_v be_v do_v to_o the_o ship_n that_o be_v intercept_v for_o which_o right_o be_v seek_v according_a to_o common_a custom_n and_o also_o according_a to_o the_o special_a agreement_n of_o the_o peace_n that_o those_o prince_n shall_v suffer_v no_o violence_n to_o be_v do_v to_o one_o another_o subject_n in_o their_o territory_n and_o it_o be_v much_o more_o strong_a in_o respect_n of_o that_o express_a article_n of_o the_o treaty_n for_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v meet_a to_o take_v off_o from_o the_o full_a force_n of_o the_o contract_n which_o will_v now_o be_v lessen_v notwithstanding_o if_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o territory_n be_v solessen_v within_o which_o only_o our_o king_n may_v protect_v the_o spaniard_n moreover_o it_o hinder_v not_o which_o be_v object_v that_o these_o limit_n which_o be_v now_o express_v in_o the_o proclamation_n be_v observe_v long_o before_o by_o long_a custom_n in_o controversy_n of_o this_o nature_n for_o to_o omit_v those_o most_o difficult_a thing_n which_o be_v deliver_v in_o 10._o prove_v the_o custom_n certain_o the_o intent_n of_o our_o king_n in_o the_o contract_n of_o peace_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v have_v respect_n unto_o that_o custom_n if_o any_o there_o have_v be_v or_o also_o unto_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v allege_v here_o to_o be_v ancient_a for_o neither_o be_v those_o thing_n common_a and_o understand_v by_o the_o other_o prince_n in_o amity_n nor_o perhaps_o by_o our_o king_n himself_o to_o wit_n matter_n of_o fact_n in_o his_o new_a kingdom_n all_o which_o thing_n i_o think_v â—it_a to_o add_v here_o out_o of_o albericus_fw-la gentilis_fw-la because_o they_o belong_v not_o only_o unto_o these_o limit_n creek_n or_o royal_a chamber_n in_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o whole_a british_n sea_n and_o true_o gentilis_fw-la be_v ill_o understand_v by_o joannes_n 46._o gryphiander_n who_o discourse_v at_o large_a concern_v sea-affair_n allege_v the_o place_n before-cited_n out_o of_o he_o in_o so_o brief_a a_o manner_n as_o if_o by_o that_o proclamation_n of_o king_n james_n his_o jurisdiction_n have_v be_v restrain_v simple_o to_o those_o limit_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o england_n sâ—iâ—h_o gryphiander_n by_o sea_n although_o it_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o south_n north_n and_o west_n yet_o by_o a_o proclamation_n of_o james_n the_o present_a king_n it_o be_v circumscribe_v by_o certain_a limit_n in_o the_o sea_n he_o quote_n albericus_n gentilis_fw-la for_o his_o author_n but_o true_o the_o king_n have_v no_o intent_n in_o that_o proclamation_n that_o his_o jurisdiction_n shall_v be_v circumscribe_v simple_o by_o those_o limit_n but_o only_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o act_n of_o hostility_n at_o that_o time_n betwixt_o the_o spaniard_n and_o hollander_n he_o be_v lord_n and_o moderator_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n for_o ever_o as_o well_o as_o his_o predecessor_n which_o be_v sufficient_o manifest_a out_o of_o the_o proclamation_n itself_o &_o out_o of_o gentilis_fw-la nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o easy_o to_o be_v conceive_v from_o whence_o that_o special_a and_o perpetual_a privilege_n of_o truce_n or_o freedom_n from_o hostility_n have_v its_o original_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o jersey_n garnsey_n and_o the_o other_o isle_n lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n do_v enjoy_v even_o in_o this_o very_a sea_n though_o war_n be_v between_o the_o neighbor-nation_n round_o about_o unless_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o this_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n concern_v that_o privilege_n master_n camden_n be_v well_o inform_v by_o ancient_a testimony_n speak_v after_o this_o manner_n in_o brief_a 855._o by_o a_o ancient_a privilege_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n here_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o perpetual_a truce_n and_o though_o a_o war_n be_v on_o foot_n yet_o the_o french_a and_o other_o have_v a_o liberty_n to_o come_v hither_o to_o and_o again_o without_o danger_n and_o use_v commerce_n secure_o but_o we_o find_v the_o same_o more_o at_o large_a in_o some_o 19_o king_n patent_n express_v thus_o concern_v jersey_n that_o in_o time_n of_o war_n merchant_n of_o all_o nation_n
and_o other_o as_o well_o stranger_n as_o native_n enemy_n as_o well_o as_o friend_n may_v free_o lawful_o and_o without_o peril_n go_v unto_o pass_z to_z and_o fro_o and_o frequent_v the_o say_a isle_n and_o the_o place_n upon_o the_o coast_n thereof_o with_o their_o ship_n merchandise_n and_o good_n as_o well_o for_o shelter_v from_o foul_a weather_n as_o upon_o any_o other_o their_o lawful_a occasion_n and_o there_o to_o use_v free_a commerce_n and_o traffic_n and_o to_o abide_v with_o safety_n and_o security_n and_o to_o come_v away_o thence_o and_o return_v at_o pleasure_n without_o any_o damage_n trouble_n or_o hostility_n whatsoëver_o in_o their_o affair_n merchandise_n good_n or_o body_n and_o that_o not_o only_o near_o the_o island_n and_o place_n aforesaid_a upon_o the_o coast_n and_o their_o precinct_n but_o also_o within_o the_o space_n distant_a from_o they_o as_o far_o as_o a_o man_n may_v ken_v that_o be_v so_o far_a as_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o eye_n can_v attain_v and_o this_o be_v call_v a_o privilege_n which_o you_o see_v extend'_v so_o far_o into_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o eye_n can_v pierce_v from_o the_o shore_n and_o if_o so_o be_v this_o privilege_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o they_o be_v lord_n both_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o isle_n and_o by_o the_o same_o right_n that_o the_o isle_n themselves_o belong_v to_o they_o as_o have_v be_v say_v xix_o before_o it_o can_v in_o reason_n be_v imagine_v from_o whence_o it_o have_v its_o original_n there_o be_v not_o so_o far_o as_o we_o know_v so_o much_o as_o a_o pretence_n of_o a_o grant_v make_v by_o any_o other_o prince_n but_o only_o by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o unless_o themselves_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v about_o by_o what_o title_n and_o authority_n do_v they_o ordain_v such_o a_o truce_n so_o far_o within_o the_o sea_n on_o every_o side_n between_o enemy_n of_o all_o nation_n whatsoëver_o that_o 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essoniaverit_fw-la de_fw-fr ibernia_n quasi_fw-la de_fw-la ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la attornatur_fw-la essonium_fw-la illud_fw-la ad_fw-la simplex_fw-la essonium_fw-la de_fw-la malo_fw-la veniendi_fw-la ut_fw-la coram_fw-la martino_n de_fw-fr patteshul_n in_o banco_n anno_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la sexto_fw-la de_fw-la gilberto_n mariscallo_n &_o ceciliâ_fw-la uxore_fw-la ejus_fw-la &_o allano_n de_fw-fr hyda_n qui_fw-la vocavit_fw-la ad_fw-la warrantum_fw-la willielmum_fw-la mariscallum_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la pembroke_n &_o qui_fw-la se_fw-la essoniavit_fw-la de_fw-fr ibernia_n &_o non_fw-la fuit_fw-la allocatum_fw-la &_o postea_fw-la fecit_fw-la de_fw-la hoc_fw-la quòd_fw-la aliud_fw-la essonium_fw-la de_fw-la malo_fw-la veniendi_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la diem_fw-la non_fw-la fuit_fw-la allocatum_fw-la so_o much_o we_o find_v also_o in_o the_o ancient_a author_n of_o that_o book_n entitle_v 8._o fleta_n doubtless_o ireland_n be_v no_o less_o seat_v beyond_o sea_n than_o either_o france_n or_o spain_n unless_o you_o take_v that_o decision_n as_o relate_v only_o to_o the_o civil_a notion_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o situation_n to_o wit_n that_o it_o be_v not_o situate_a beyond_o that_o sea_n which_o be_v a_o part_n and_o territory_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n but_o place_v therein_o and_o comprehend_v under_o one_o and_o the_o same_o supreme_a power_n with_o england_n and_o so_o that_o a_o excuse_v or_o essoin_fw-fr de_fw-fr ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v not_o in_o that_o kind_n to_o be_v admit_v in_o the_o ancient_a 12b._o record_n also_o concern_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o court_n of_o admiralty_n we_o read_v it_o be_v a_o usual_a custom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o who_o die_v anno_fw-la dom._n mcxxxvi_o and_o of_o other_o king_n both_o before_o and_o after_o he_o that_o if_o any_o man_n accuse_v of_o a_o capital_a crime_n do_v by_o sea_n be_v public_o call_v five_o time_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o crier_n after_o so_o many_o several_a day_n assign_v do_v not_o make_v his_o appearance_n in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n he_o be_v banish_v out_o of_o england_n &_o de_fw-fr mer_fw-fr appertinent_a au_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d_o d'angleterre_fw-fr or_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o forty_o year_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o admiral_n other_o particular_n there_o be_v that_o relate_v hereunto_o about_o action_n for_o matter_n arise_v in_o this_o sea_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v enter_v in_o express_a term_n heretofore_o in_o the_o alia_fw-la ordinary_a court_n of_o our_o common_a law_n whoâ—e_a jurisdiction_n be_v ever_o esteem_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o a_o action_n institute_v about_o a_o matter_n arise_v in_o any_o other_o place_n than_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v by_o the_o ancient_a strict_a law_n always_o to_o be_v reject_v by_o they_o after_o which_o manner_n as_o it_o have_v be_v a_o custom_n now_o for_o many_o year_n that_o a_o action_n ought_v to_o be_v reject_v unless_o the_o matter_n have_v its_o rise_n within_o the_o body_n as_o they_o call_v it_o of_o the_o county_n that_o be_v within_o some_o province_n or_o county_n of_o the_o island_n usual_o give_v in_o charge_n to_o certain_a governor_n or_o officer_n know_v to_o we_o by_o the_o name_n of_o sheriff_n so_o also_o be_v it_o in_o this_o sea-province_n belong_v by_o the_o ancient_a receive_v custom_n to_o the_o high_a admiral_n or_o his_o deputy_n not_o only_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v its_o defence_n and_o guard_n but_o also_o as_o to_o matter_n of_o jurisdiction_n so_o that_o at_o length_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v without_o controversy_n admit_v and_o assert_v also_o both_o by_o the_o determination_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o by_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o form_n of_o the_o action_n themselves_o nor_o be_v that_o of_o any_o force_n at_o all_o to_o the_o contrary_a which_o either_o our_o countryman_n bracton_n the_o lawyer_n as_o have_v be_v say_v or_o some_o other_o of_o late_a as_o well_o as_o ancient_a time_n that_o be_v follower_n of_o he_o but_o in_o too_o careless_a a_o manner_n while_o they_o 4._o set_v down_o the_o institution_n of_o our_o english_a law_n have_v unadvised_o utter_v by_o the_o way_n touch_v that_o ancient_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o fish_v also_o in_o river_n according_a to_o the_o book_n of_o justinian_n as_o if_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o community_n be_v admit_v in_o our_o law_n true_o that_o which_o they_o have_v so_o let_v slip_v be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v take_v as_o contrary_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o this_o particular_a for_o even_o bracton_n himself_o as_o i_o have_v show_v have_v divers_a other_o passage_n that_o signify_v this_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v for_o some_o of_o the_o relic_n 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sea_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n deny_v a_o dominion_n and_o wrest_v other_o thing_n by_o way_n of_o argument_n out_o of_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n which_o be_v clear_o contrary_a to_o our_o english_a right_o as_o also_o to_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n which_o have_v continue_v in_o force_n for_o so_o many_o age_n about_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n either_o i_o say_v the_o same_o must_v be_v say_v of_o they_o or_o else_o that_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o make_v choice_n of_o argument_n which_o they_o think_v be_v true_a to_o serve_v the_o present_a occasion_n as_o of_o such_o that_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v the_o great_a force_n and_o authority_n among_o those_o civil_a lawyer_n with_o who_o they_o be_v in_o treaty_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o new_a thing_n that_o civilian_n shall_v speak_v of_o a_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n even_o where_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o a_o dominion_n thereof_o be_v admit_v from_o all_o antiquity_n in_o the_o very_a territory_n wherein_o they_o themselves_o be_v comprehend_v as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v there_o be_v also_o very_a many_o right_n among_o we_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o to_o such_o as_o enjoy_v the_o right_n of_o the_o exchequer_n by_o grant_n from_o the_o king_n which_o some_o conceiv_n to_o be_v ground_v upon_o that_o sea-dominion_n whereof_o we_o discourse_n as_o the_o confiscation_n of_o good_n derelict_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o some_o of_o the_o great_a sort_n of_o fish_n as_o wale-fish_n sturgeon_n and_o other_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o of_o the_o satirist_n hold_v good_a 4._o quicquid_fw-la conspicuum_fw-la pulchrúmque_fw-la ex_fw-la aequore_fw-la toto_fw-la est_fw-la res_fw-la fisci_fw-la est_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la natat_fw-la good_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o any_o worth_n and_o note_n belong_v to_o th'chequer_n wheresoëre_fw-la they_o float_v beside_o wrecked_a good_n cast_v out_o ashore_o 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guard_v the_o sea_n whereof_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v lord_n and_o to_o defend_v it_o with_o all_o their_o might_n as_o the_o perpetual_a prop_n and_o support_v of_o their_o empire_n he_o say_v also_o that_o the_o same_o advice_n be_v give_v by_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n at_o his_o interview_n with_o our_o henry_n the_o five_o for_o the_o procure_n of_o on_o peace_n betwixt_o he_o and_o charles_n the_o six_o king_n of_o france_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o set_v down_o his_o word_n the_o true_a process_n of_o english_a policy_n of_o utterward_o to_o keep_v this_o region_n of_o our_o englond_n that_o no_o man_n may_v deny_v nor_o say_v of_o sooth_n but_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a be_v this_o that_o who_o see_v south_n north_n east_n and_o west_n cherish_v merchandise_n keep_v the_o admiralty_n that_o we_o be_v master_n of_o the_o narrow_a see_n for_o sigismond_n the_o great_a emperor_n which_o yet_o reign_v when_o he_o be_v in_o this_o land_n with_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o prince_n of_o honour_n here_o much_o glory_n as_o he_o think_v he_o find_v a_o mighty_a land_n which_o have_v take_v in_o hand_n to_o war_n in_o france_n and_o make_v mortality_n and_o ever_o well_o keep_v round_o about_o the_o see_n and_o to_o the_o king_n thus_o he_o say_v my_o brother_n when_o he_o perceivae_v two_o town_n calys_n and_o dover_n of_o all_o your_o town_n to_o choose_v of_o one_o and_o other_o to_o keep_v the_o sea_n and_o soon_o to_o come_v over_o to_o be_v outward_o and_o your_o reign_n to_o recover_v keep_v these_o two_o town_n sure_a and_o your_o maâ—estie_n as_o your_o tweyne_a eye_n so_o keep_v the_o narrow_a see_n for_o if_o this_o see_v be_v keep_v in_o time_n of_o war_n who_o can_v here_o pass_v without_o danger_n and_o woâ—_n who_o can_v escape_v who_o may_v mischief_n differre_fw-la what_o marchandie_n may_v for_o by_o be_v ago_o for_o needs_o hem_n must_v take_v trewe_v every_o foe_n flanders_n and_o spain_n and_o other_o trust_v to_o i_o or_o else_o 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concern_v two_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n that_o be_v set_v forth_o about_o this_o thing_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n chap._n xxvi_o we_o be_v come_v now_o to_o foreiner_n and_o it_o be_v clear_o evident_a by_o what_o we_o have_v discourse_v before_o either_o touch_v the_o limit_n set_v for_o navigation_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n or_o the_o licence_n of_o passage_n through_o this_o sea_n often_o desire_v by_o petition_n that_o some_o of_o they_o have_v indeed_o acknowledge_v this_o dominion_n but_o there_o be_v two_o testimony_n more_o notable_a than_o the_o rest_n which_o show_n if_o you_o consider_v chief_o as_o you_o ought_v their_o be_v neighbour_n and_o such_o who_o it_o concern_v that_o they_o general_o do_v the_o same_o the_o one_o be_v the_o usual_a strike_n of_o the_o topsail_n by_o every_o ship_n of_o any_o foreign_a nation_n whatsoêver_o if_o they_o sail_v near_o the_o king_n navy_n or_o any_o ship_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o navy_n in_o the_o sea_n the_o 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navigation_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o nor_o true_o be_v it_o to_o be_v omit_v that_o grimbald_n himself_o here_o be_v governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n do_v not_o only_o arrogate_v this_o power_n in_o this_o sea_n from_o the_o authority_n grant_v he_o by_o his_o king_n commission_n but_o in_o express_a term_n also_o make_v use_n of_o that_o prohibition_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n which_o be_v in_o force_n according_a to_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o say_a league_n thereby_o to_o defend_v himself_o as_o if_o he_o have_v also_o acknowledge_v that_o himself_o can_v not_o have_v lawful_o hold_v that_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o this_o sea_n without_o such_o a_o permission_n as_o he_o conceive_v himself_o to_o enjoy_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o prohibition_n for_o by_o that_o prohibition_n it_o be_v require_v that_o no_o relief_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o french_a king_n enemy_n nor_o any_o aid_n afford_v they_o within_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v per_fw-la my_o son_n poere_o which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o grimbald_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o libel_n itself_o set_v down_o hereafter_o and_o so_o grimbald_n express_o object_v the_o authority_n of_o that_o prohibition_n together_o with_o the_o power_n of_o his_o master_n commission_n in_o defence_n of_o himself_o as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v i_o use_v this_o power_n it_o be_v give_v i_o by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o put_v i_o in_o command_n over_o his_o navy_n and_o affair_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n but_o beside_o this_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v set_v forth_o his_o prohibition_n command_v that_o no_o kind_n of_o relief_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o any_o enemy_n of_o the_o french_a within_o his_o dominion_n according_a to_o the_o league_n make_v between_o both_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o see_v i_o have_v not_o take_v either_o the_o person_n or_o good_n of_o any_o but_o such_o as_o be_v enemy_n or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o according_a to_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v upon_o a_o hostile_a account_n for_o doubtless_o he_o pretend_v that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v as_o enemy_n of_o what_o nation_n soêver_o they_o be_v who_o relieve_v the_o fleming_n by_o merchandise_n or_o otherwise_o i_o conceiv_v it_o a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o defence_n in_o my_o behalf_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n according_a to_o the_o league_n make_v do_v by_o public_a proclamation_n require_v that_o no_o succour_n or_o relief_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o enemy_n of_o france_n in_o any_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n upon_o which_o account_n not_o to_o these_o who_o i_o take_v at_o sea_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o in_o brief_a be_v this_o that_o grimbald_n do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o imagine_v that_o his_o office_n of_o admiralty_n or_o power_n give_v he_o by_o commission_n depend_v upon_o any_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n by_o sea_n but_o altogether_o upon_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o king_n commission_n the_o league_n and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n prohibition_n as_o if_o the_o english_a king_n have_v open_o declare_v by_o that_o league_n and_o prohibition_n that_o he_o will_v not_o take_v it_o for_o any_o injury_n to_o himself_o during_o that_o kind_n of_o league_n and_o prohibition_n although_o the_o french_a shall_v fall_v upon_o any_o of_o their_o enemy_n in_o his_o dominion_n or_o though_o they_o which_o be_v all_o one_o here_o shall_v be_v take_v in_o his_o sea_n by_o the_o french_a king_n officer_n certain_o unless_o you_o so_o understand_v grimbald_n i_o do_v not_o see_v wherefore_o he_o shall_v at_o all_o join_v that_o prohibition_n together_o with_o the_o king_n his_o master_n commission_n in_o defence_n of_o himself_o as_o it_o be_v express_v in_o the_o libel_n or_o why_o mention_n be_v make_v there_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n throughout_o which_o that_o prohibition_n be_v proclaim_v see_v the_o 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there_o be_v no_o memorial_n to_o the_o contrary_a have_v be_v in_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o sovereign_a lordship_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o isle_n within_o the_o same_o with_o power_n of_o make_v and_o establish_v law_n statute_n and_o prohibitions_n of_o people_n as_o well_o of_o other_o dominâ—â—ns_n as_o their_o 〈◊〉_d pass_v through_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o saveraign_a guard_n thereof_o and_o also_o 〈…〉_o all_o manner_n of_o cognisance_n in_o cause_n and_o of_o do_v right_o aâ—d_v justice_n to_o high_a and_o low_a according_a to_o the_o say_a law_n statute_n ordinance_n and_o prohibition_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v appertein_a to_o the_o exercise_n of_o sovereign_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o place_n aforesaid_a and_o whereas_o a._n de_fw-fr b._n depute_a admiral_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o all_o other_o admiral_n appoint_v by_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o ancestor_n heretofore_o kings_z of_o england_n of_o aâ—â—â—al_n and_o complaint_n make_v of_o they_o to_o their_o sovereign_n the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o default_n of_o justice_n or_o for_o evil_a judâ—â—â—nâ—_n aâ—d_n especial_o of_o make_v prohibition_n do_v justice_n and_o take_v surety_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o people_n use_v arm_n in_o the_o say_a sea_n or_o carry_v sâ—â—ps_n otherwise_o furnish_v and_o â—et_a forth_o thâ—â—_n merchantman_n use_v to_o be_v aâ—d_v in_o all_o other_o point_n where_o a_o man_n may_v have_v reasonable_a cause_n to_o suspect_v they_o of_o robbery_n or_o other_o â—…uors_n and_o whereas_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o say_a admiral_n have_v be_v in_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o take_v cognisance_n and_o judge_v of_o all_o â—_z do_v in_o the_o say_a sea_n between_o all_o manner_n of_o people_n according_a to_o the_o law_n statute_n prohibition_n and_o custom_n and_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o article_n of_o the_o league_n late_o make_v between_o the_o say_a king_n in_o the_o treaty_n upon_o the_o last_o peace_n at_o paris_n there_o be_v comprise_v the_o word_n here_o follow_v in_o a_o schedule_n annex_v to_o these_o present_n but_o that_o which_o follow_v we_o be_v not_o write_v in_o a_o schedule_n annex_v but_o in_o the_o same_o parchment_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v conjecture_v that_o these_o be_v not_o so_o much_o the_o very_a libel_n themselves_o which_o be_v exhibit_v to_o the_o commissioner_n or_o auditor_n as_o ancient_a copy_n take_v from_o the_o original_a as_o also_o from_o this_o that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o admiral_n be_v set_v down_o a._n de_fw-fr b._n which_o two_o first_o letter_n do_v not_o agree_v with_o the_o name_n of_o any_o one_o that_o we_o can_v find_v in_o record_n to_o have_v be_v admiral_n of_o england_n at_o that_o time_n first_o it_o be_v conclude_v and_o accord_v between_o we_o and_o the_o agent_n and_o procurator_n aforesaid_a in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o say_a king_n that_o the_o say_v king_n shall_v from_o this_o time_n forward_o become_v to_o each_o other_o good_a true_a and_o faithful_a friend_n and_o be_v aid_v to_o one_o another_o against_o all_o man_n save_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o if_o any_o one_o or_o more_o whosoever_o they_o be_v shall_v intend_v to_o disturb_v hinder_v or_o molest_v the_o say_v king_n in_o the_o franchise_n liberty_n privilege_n right_n and_o custom_n of_o they_o and_o their_o kingdom_n they_o shall_v be_v good_a and_o faithful_a friend_n to_o each_o other_o and_o aid_v against_o all_o man_n live_v and_o ready_a to_o die_v to_o defend_v keep_v and_o maintain_v the_o franchise_n liberty_n privilege_n right_n and_o custom_n aforesaid_a except_o on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n john_n duke_n of_o brabant_n in_o brabant_n and_o his_o heir_n descend_v from_o he_o and_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o except_o on_o the_o behalf_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n the_o excellent_a prince_n mounseur_fw-fr albert_n king_n of_o almaign_n and_o his_o heir_n king_n of_o almaign_a and_o mounseur_fw-fr john_n earl_n of_o henault_n in_o henault_n and_o that_o the_o one_o shall_v not_o be_v of_o counsel_n nor_o aid_v where_o the_o other_o may_v lose_v life_n member_n estate_n or_o honour_n mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n grimbald_n master_n of_o the_o navy_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n who_o call_v himself_o admiral_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n be_v depute_v by_o his_o aforesaid_a lord_n in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o fleming_n do_v after_o the_o say_a league_n make_v and_o confirm_v against_o the_o tenor_n and_o obligation_n of_o the_o say_a league_n and_o the_o intent_n of_o they_o that_o make_v it_o wrongful_o assume_v and_o exercise_v the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o say_a sea_n of_o england_n above_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n by_o commission_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n take_v the_o people_n and_o merchant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o of_o other_o place_n pass_v through_o the_o say_a sea_n with_o their_o good_n and_o commit_v they_o so_o take_v to_o the_o prison_n of_o his_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o deliver_v their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n to_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n by_o he_o depute_v in_o the_o port_n of_o his_o say_a kingdom_n as_o forfeit_v and_o due_a unto_o he_o to_o remain_v at_o his_o judgement_n and_o award_n and_o the_o take_n and_o detain_v of_o the_o say_a people_n with_o their_o say_a good_n as_o also_o his_o say_a judgement_n &_o award_n for_o the_o forfeiture_n &_o acquest_n of_o they_o he_o have_v justify_v before_o you_o lord_n auditor_n in_o write_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o say_a commission_n of_o admiralty_n aforesaid_a by_o he_o usurp_v after_o this_o manner_n and_o during_o a_o prohibition_n or_o restraint_n general_o make_v and_o proclaim_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o right_a of_o his_o dominion_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o league_n aforesaid_a which_o contain_n the_o word_n above-written_a require_v that_o he_o may_v thereupon_o be_v acquit_v and_o discharge_v of_o the_o same_o to_o the_o great_a damage_n and_o prejudice_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o prelate_n &_o noble_n &_o other_o abovementioned_a wherefore_o the_o say_a procurator_n in_o the_o name_n of_o their_o say_a lord_n do_v pray_v your_o lordship_n auditor_n that_o you_o will_v cause_v due_a and_o speedy_a deliverance_n of_o the_o say_a people_n with_o their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n so_o take_v and_o detain_v to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n to_o who_o the_o cognisance_n of_o the_o same_o of_o right_n appertain_v as_o be_v before_o express_v so_o that_o without_o disturbance_n from_o you_o or_o any_o other_o he_o may_v take_v cognisance_n thereof_o and_o do_v what_o belong_v to_o his_o office_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o say_v mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n be_v condemn_v and_o constrain_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n for_o all_o the_o say_a damage_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a and_o in_o his_o default_n his_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n of_o france_n by_o who_o he_o be_v depute_v to_o the_o say_a office_n and_o that_o after_o satisfaction_n give_v for_o the_o say_a damage_n the_o say_v mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n may_v be_v so_o due_o punish_v for_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o say_a league_n that_o his_o punishment_n may_v be_v a_o example_n to_o other_o in_o time_n to_o come_v so_o far_o the_o libel_n of_o so_o many_o nation_n manifest_o acknowledge_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n of_o our_o king_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o thereupon_o demand_v protection_n for_o themselves_o and_o whereas_o no_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o this_o thing_n in_o the_o history_n either_o of_o the_o french_a english_a or_o other_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n since_o the_o proceed_n of_o court_n of_o judicature_n be_v very_o seldom_o set_v down_o in_o historiâ—â—_n but_o we_o understand_v by_o the_o french_a history_n that_o this_o griâ—bald_n be_v gouâ—â—â—or_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n at_o the_o very_a same_o time_n paulus_n aemiliuâ—_n write_v of_o philip_n the_o fair_a say_v 8._o he_o hire_v sixteen_o galley_n from_o genoa_n â—ver_v which_o reyner_n grimbald_n be_v governor_n or_o commander_n he_o sail_v about_o by_o sea_n infest_a the_o sea-coast_n of_o flanders_n regimerus_n reginâ—rus_n or_o reynerus_n grimbaldus_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n and_o among_o the_o genoêse_n there_o be_v a_o eminent_a family_n of_o that_o name_n but_o because_o he_o be_v a_o foreiner_n and_o mercenary_a therefore_o it_o seem_v joannes_n feronius_n leave_v
as_o a_o river_n or_o brook_n must_v be_v contain_v under_o the_o same_o jurisdiction_n as_o a_o entire_a body_n with_o the_o land_n therefore_o sometime_o mention_n be_v make_v also_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o sea_n flow_v in_o as_o of_o a_o sea_n reckon_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n &_o current_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o opposite_a shore_n as_o for_o example_n of_o the_o sea_n flanders_n or_o as_o i_o find_v it_o in_o some_o ancient_a 5._o manuscript_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o original_n of_o certain_a letter_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o carolois_n and_o to_o the_o governor_n of_o ypres_n gaunt_n and_o bruges_n dein_n la_v jurisdiction_n &_o l'estrem_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a de_fw-fr flanders_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n and_o stream_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o flanders_n which_o be_v all_o one_o for_o set_v aside_o the_o sea_n so_o flow_v in_o or_o make_v a_o inlet_n or_o harbour_n before_o the_o opposite_a shore_n all_o that_o which_o remain's_n or_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o those_o opposite_a country_n and_o england_n be_v ever_o esteem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o english_a dominion_n according_a to_o what_o i_o have_v former_o show_v so_o that_o a_o late_a writer_n doubtless_o be_v in_o a_o dream_n when_o upon_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o dock_n at_o mardike_n he_o write_v praefixâ_fw-la that_o he_o see_v the_o empire_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n restore_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o so_o i_o have_v do_v with_o this_o point_n touch_v the_o declaration_n and_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea_n dominion_n of_o our_o king_n make_v by_o those_o foreign_a and_o neighbor-nation_n who_o be_v most_o concern_v in_o the_o business_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o irish_a and_o western_a sea_n consider_v single_o and_o apart_o by_o itself_o chap._n xxx_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v in_o general_a of_o the_o english_a or_o british_a sea_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n but_o chief_o as_o it_o lie_v either_o east_n or_o south_n it_o rest_v now_o that_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o western_a as_o also_o the_o scotish_n and_o northern_a and_o in_o a_o word_n of_o the_o whole_a british_a sea_n that_o remain_n it_o be_v evident_a to_o all_o that_o part_n of_o the_o western_a sea_n lie_v before_o england_n be_v understand_v as_o well_o in_o that_o libel_n which_o be_v exhibit_v by_o so_o many_o nation_n to_o the_o commissioner_n depute_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n above_o three_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n ago_o wherein_o we_o so_o often_o read_v le_fw-fr mer_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr or_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n as_o in_o the_o king_n be_v commission-before_a mention_v wherein_o our_o king_n be_v expressly-declared_n lord_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n on_o every_o side_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v forbear_v to_o repeat_v what_o be_v 24._o cite_v out_o of_o bracton_n about_o the_o essoyn_n or_o excuse_v of_o a_o man_n absent_a in_o ireland_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n allege_v before_o which_o make_v to_o this_o purpose_n moreover_o also_o we_o read_v every_o where_o that_o all_o the_o isle_n in_o this_o neighbour_a sea_n be_v call_v british_n as_o we_o observe_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n just_a as_o if_o the_o narrow_a sea_n flow_v between_o like_o river_n or_o turn_n of_o river_n do_v disjoin_v those_o bank_n or_o shore_n from_o great_a britain_n as_o 〈◊〉_d fragment_n of_o the_o same_o whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o narrow_a sea_n themselves_o with_o the_o isle_n even_o as_o river_n with_o their_o bank_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o british_a territory_n and_o hereunto_o especial_o relate_n also_o that_o expression_n in_o the_o libel_n so_o often_o cite_v to_o wit_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v lord_n both_o of_o the_o english_a sea_n or_o of_o the_o british_a so_o far_o as_o it_o 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observe_v that_o the_o isle_n do_v entertain_v and_o cherish_v they_o as_o well_o as_o england_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o great_a britain_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o ireland_n destroy_v they_o it_o be_v conclude_v say_v 15._o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la who_o live_v under_o henry_n the_o second_o by_o the_o common_a censure_n of_o all_o that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v ascribe_v unto_o england_n for_o if_o they_o have_v so_o think_v the_o territory_n either_o of_o ireland_n or_o england_n as_o it_o consist_v of_o land_n and_o sea_n to_o be_v dis-joined_n from_o this_o isle_n of_o man_n that_o they_o have_v conceive_v the_o sea_n lie_v between_o either_o common_a to_o all_o man_n or_o by_o ancient_a right_a subject_n to_o other_o than_o the_o king_n either_o of_o ireland_n or_o britain_n they_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v raise_v a_o very_a ridiculous_a controversy_n for_o i_o suppose_v the_o question_n can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o touch_v the_o bound_n of_o england_n or_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n but_o that_o a_o question_n about_o bound_n may_v be_v admit_v between_o owner_n that_o be_v neighbour_n where_o the_o territory_n of_o both_o be_v not_o continual_a or_o contiguous_a be_v beyond_o my_o understanding_n it_o be_v well_o say_v by_o regundorum_fw-la paulus_n that_o if_o a_o public_a thoroughfare_a or_o public_a river_n intervene_v which_o belong_v to_o neither_o of_o the_o neighbour_a owner_n a_o action_n can_v be_v bring_v upon_o that_o title_n of_o the_o law_n finium_fw-la regundorum_fw-la and_o true_o after_o that_o quintus_fw-la fabius_n labeo_n be_v 1._o appoint_v arbiter_n by_o the_o senate_n betwixt_o the_o nolan_n and_o neapolitan_n about_o the_o bound_n of_o a_o field_n have_v so_o crafty_o persuade_v both_o of_o they_o to_o retire_v backward_o apart_o from_o each_o other_o that_o a_o portion_n of_o the_o field_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o middle_n which_o he_o adjudge_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n there_o can_v not_o any_o 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ireland_n than_o to_o norway_n spain_n or_o france_n where_o every_o man_n know_v that_o venomous_a creature_n be_v breed_v as_o well_o as_o in_o britain_n therefore_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o england_n or_o britain_n in_o that_o ancient_a decision_n be_v so_o immediate_o to_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o british_a territory_n that_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n may_v true_o and_o in_o a_o civil_a sens_fw-fr be_v call_v a_o land-province_n of_o england_n or_o britain_n see_v the_o english_a territory_n be_v so_o continual_o extend_v as_o far_o as_o its_o western_a coast_n that_o which_o bend'_v westward_o from_o the_o very_o confine_v be_v ascribe_v to_o ireland_n and_o therefore_o queen_n elisabeth_n commissioner_n let_v fall_v those_o word_n too_o unadvised_o in_o the_o 〈…〉_o treaty_n hold_v at_o bremen_n with_o the_o danish_a commissioner_n about_o free_a navigation_n and_o fish_n in_o the_o norwegian_a
sea_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n never_o have_v prohibit_v navigation_n and_o fish_n in_o the_o irish_a sea_n between_o england_n and_o ireland_n as_o if_o they_o will_v have_v have_v it_o prove_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o dane_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v prohibit_v fish_v or_o navigation_n between_o island_n and_o norway_n because_o neither_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o have_v possess_v the_o shore_n only_a on_o both_o side_n by_o a_o equal_a right_n there_o be_v other_o particular_n also_o no_o less_o rash_o speak_v touch_v a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o we_o observe_v before_o concern_v navigation_n and_o fish_n in_o the_o norwegian_a sea_n i_o shall_v add_v more_o by_o and_o by_o but_o as_o it_o be_v ill_o do_v of_o those_o commissioner_n in_o that_o treaty_n to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o a_o necessary_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o there_o be_v no_o truth_n in_o that_o which_o they_o let_v fall_v concern_v the_o irish_a sea_n for_o 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also_o who_o affirm_v that_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n 189._o obtain_v leave_v by_o request_n from_o our_o queen_n marie_n for_o xxi_o year_n to_o fish_v in_o the_o more_o northerly_a part_n of_o the_o irish_a sea_n and_o that_o thereupon_o a_o revenue_n of_o one_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v advance_v to_o the_o exchequer_n in_o ireland_n a_o proclamation_n also_o be_v set_v forth_o by_o martii_fw-la james_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n prohibit_v any_o foreiner_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v to_o fish_v in_o this_o irish_a sea_n but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v that_o controversy_n about_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n although_o it_o be_v remember_v by_o giraldus_n who_o write_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v that_o it_o arise_v in_o the_o more_o ancient_a time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a when_o all_o that_o lie_v betwixt_o england_n and_o ireland_n be_v in_o subjection_n either_o to_o the_o king_n of_o ireland_n or_o britain_n that_o be_v when_o both_o of_o they_o have_v in_o this_o sea_n distinct_a territory_n of_o their_o own_o who_o bound_n be_v in_o question_n certain_a it_o be_v as_o 9_o beda_n write_v that_o edwin_n the_o most_o potent_a king_n of_o the_o nortbumbrians_n or_o rather_o of_o all_o the_o english-saxons_a subdue_v the_o mevanian_a isle_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n about_o the_o year_n dcxxx_o that_o be_v to_o say_v both_o that_o mevanian_n which_o we_o call_v anglesey_n &_o the_o other_o also_o which_o be_v man_n whereof_o we_o discourse_v but_o in_o the_o late_a time_n of_o the_o anglo-saxon_n empire_n the_o norwegian_n or_o dane_n who_o exceed_o infest_a both_o this_o and_o the_o north-east_n sea_n with_o very_o frequent_a robbery_n at_o length_n seize_v both_o this_o isle_n and_o the_o hebrides_n and_o hold_v they_o almost_o two_o hundred_o year_n so_o that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o of_o man_n can_v not_o in_o a_o civil_a sens_fw-fr be_v ascribe_v either_o to_o ireland_n or_o britain_n but_o that_o the_o king_n thereof_o be_v at_o that_o time_n lord_n as_o well_o of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n as_o of_o the_o isle_n may_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o their_o annal_n where_o we_o find_v that_o godred_a who_o surname_n be_v crovan_n king_n of_o man_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mlxvi_o bring_v dublin_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o laynster_n â—40_n under_o his_o subjection_n and_o so_o thorough_o subdue_v the_o scot_n that_o no_o man_n who_o build_v a_o ship_n dare_v drive_v in_o more_o than_o three_o nail_n so_o that_o he_o give_v both_o limitation_n and_o law_n to_o the_o ship_n of_o his_o neighbour_n which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o enjoy_v the_o very_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o
what_o have_v be_v already_o speak_v and_o from_o hence_o perhaps_o it_o be_v that_o the_o more_o ancient_a arm_n of_o the_o king_n of_o man_n be_v a_o ship_n with_o a_o sail_n fold_v together_o and_o this_o inscription_n add_v rex_fw-la manniae_fw-la &_o insularum_fw-la king_n of_o man_n &_o of_o the_o isle_n as_o m_n r_o 847._o camden_n observ'_v from_o their_o sail_n for_o the_o three_o leg_n of_o humane_a shape_n now_o every_o where_o know_v be_v but_o of_o late_a time_n but_o afterward_o when_o ireland_n be_v subdue_v by_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o king_n john_n and_o reginald_n king_n of_o man_n dorso_fw-la bring_v into_o the_o power_n of_o king_n john_n the_o english_a possess_v this_o sea_n at_o that_o time_n with_o a_o very_a numerous_a navy_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n at_o all_o to_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n round_o about_o be_v take_v also_o into_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a for_o in_o that_o age_n the_o king_n of_o man_n be_v no_o 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ordericus_n also_o say_v that_o the_o orcades_n finland_n island_n also_o and_o groênland_n beyond_o which_o there_o be_v no_o other_o country_n northward_o and_o many_o other_o as_o far_o as_o gothland_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o wealth_n be_v bring_v thither_o by_o ship_v from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n so_o we_o have_v here_o a_o clear_a description_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o norwegian_n heretofore_o as_o well_o in_o this_o neighbour_a sea_n of_o scotland_n as_o in_o the_o more_o open_a but_o in_o after_o time_n when_o as_o by_o 388._o agreement_n make_v between_o alexander_n the_o three_o king_n of_o scot_n and_o magnus_n the_o four_o of_o norway_n as_o also_o between_o robert_n bruce_n king_n of_o scotland_n and_o haquin_n of_o norway_n it_o be_v conclude_v touch_v these_o isle_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v annex_v to_o the_o scotish_n dominion_n this_o can_v not_o be_v do_v but_o there_o must_v be_v a_o session_n also_o of_o that_o 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thing_n in_o a_o manner_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o a_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n no_o mean_a man_n in_o a_o letter_n that_o he_o write_v some_o year_n since_o to_o a_o friend_n of_o he_o in_o england_n his_o name_n be_v gudbrandus_fw-la thorlacius_n bishop_n of_o hola_n in_o island_n who_o in_o a_o letter_n 590._o send_v hither_o anno_fw-la mdxcv_o to_o hugh_n branham_n pastor_n of_o harwich_n call_v the_o britain_n almost_o lord_n there_o of_o the_o whole_a sea_n there_o be_v say_v he_o a_o report_n now_o at_o this_o day_n that_o you_o of_o britain_n who_o i_o have_v almost_o call_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v negotiation_n every_o year_n in_o groenland_n but_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n deny_v it_o here_o and_o this_o more_o northerly_a sea_n which_o belong_v to_o island_n they_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o as_o they_o be_v king_n of_o norway_n and_o that_o by_o ancient_a right_n if_o not_o unjust_o pretend_v to_o this_o purpose_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o 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place_n than_o the_o city_n of_o bergen_n nor_o return_v to_o the_o same_o place_n but_o upon_o inevitable_a necessity_n or_o when_o they_o ought_v to_o pay_v custom_n and_o other_o duty_n to_o the_o king_n exchequer_n according_a to_o the_o most_o ancient_a custom_n of_o norway_n which_o have_v be_v constant_o observe_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n in_o that_o kingdom_n also_o in_o the_o year_n mccccxlv_n christophor_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n holland_n grant_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o zirickzee_n in_o zealand_n a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n into_o his_o kingdom_n island_n and_o other_o isle_n be_v except_v and_o prohibit_v which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o grant_n moreover_o out_o of_o the_o league_n make_v at_o koppenhagen_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n cottonianâ_fw-la mcdxxxii_o between_o our_o henry_n the_o sixth_o and_o the_o same_o erricus_n king_n of_o norway_n and_o denmark_n the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n who_o hold_v a_o treaty_n at_o bremen_n with_o the_o commissioner_n of_o our_o queen_n elisabeth_n in_o the_o year_n mdc_o two_o about_o the_o free_a use_n of_o this_o sea_n allege_v this_o article_n almost_o to_o the_o same_o sens_fw-fr it_o be_v provide_v that_o all_o merchant_n and_o all_o other_o man_n whatsoëver_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n do_v not_o presume_v hereafter_o under_o peril_n of_o loss_n of_o life_n and_o good_n to_o visit_v the_o country_n of_o island_n finmarck_n halghaland_n or_o any_o other_o prohibit_v place_n and_o unlawful_a port_n whatsoëver_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o norway_n yea_o and_o some_o year_n before_o the_o use_n of_o this_o sea_n be_v prohibit_v both_o to_o merchant_n and_o fisherman_n unless_o they_o be_v bind_v with_o merchandise_n to_o north-barn_n the_o most_o eminent_a town_n of_o traffic_n under_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o touch_v that_o particular_a there_o be_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o henry_n the_o sixth_o whereby_o 35._o such_o a_o kind_n of_o prohibition_n continue_v in_o force_n for_o certain_a year_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n so_o that_o there_o be_v many_o letter_n patent_n afterward_o grant_v by_o etc._n our_o king_n to_o their_o subject_n of_o england_n whereby_o they_o have_v licence_n to_o go_v unto_o island_n finmark_n and_o other_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o sweden_n but_o that_o statute_n the_o rigour_n whereof_o be_v dispense_v with_o at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n by_o such_o kind_n of_o grant_n become_v 1._o repeal_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o and_o joannes_n mayor_n make_v mention_n of_o that_o time_n say_v 1._o a_o fleet_n of_o english_a go_v every_o year_n to_o island_n beyond_o the_o arctic_a circle_n to_o catch_v fish_n but_o what_o manner_n of_o determination_n soêver_o ought_v to_o be_v make_v touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o this_o more_o northerly_a sea_n yet_o certain_a it_o be_v such_o a_o perpetual_a servitude_n at_o least_o be_v by_o several_a agreement_n betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o norway_n impose_v upon_o it_o that_o to_o this_o day_n also_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n enjoy_v a_o perpetual_a right_n of_o sail_v unto_o island_n and_o of_o use_v and_o enjoy_v this_o sea_n for_o by_o a_o league_n make_v at_o koppenhagen_n in_o the_o year_n mcdxc_o betwixt_o henry_n the_o seven_o of_o england_n and_o john_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n it_o be_v conclude_v habemus_fw-la that_o all_o merchant_n and_o liege-man_n fisherman_n and_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoëver_o be_v subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n may_v for_o ever_o in_o time_n to_o come_v sail_n free_o to_o the_o island_n tyle_n that_o be_v to_o say_v island_n for_o in_o that_o age_n it_o be_v general_o take_v for_o thule_n as_o it_o be_v now_o also_o by_o some_o thither_o to_o have_v recours_fw-fr and_o to_o enter_v with_o their_o ship_n and_o good_n and_o merchandise_n victual_n and_o any_o other_o commodity_n whatsoever_o upon_o occasion_n of_o buy_v sell_v fish_v or_o merchandise_v and_o there_o to_o abide_v and_o conver_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o merchant_n and_o from_o thence_o free_o to_o return_v as_o often_o as_o they_o plea_n without_o any_o prohibition_n molestation_n or_o impediment_n of_o we_o or_o our_o heir_n and_o successor_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n or_o of_o any_o of_o our_o officer_n they_o pay_v the_o due_a right_n and_o usual_a custom_n as_o well_o in_o that_o island_n as_o also_o in_o the_o port_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o where_o they_o shall_v happen_v to_o arrive_v provide_v always_o that_o seven_o year_n immediate_o after_o the_o date_n of_o these_o present_n they_o do_v petition_n to_o renew_v their_o licence_n from_o we_o and_o our_o successor_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n to_o the_o end_n that_o 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a_o perpetual_a peace_n inviolable_a friendship_n and_o firm_a concord_n in_o the_o follow_a form_n yea_o and_o that_o league_n be_v renew_v in_o the_o year_n mdxxiii_o by_o henry_n the_o eight_o of_o england_n and_o christiern_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n in_o the_o same_o form_n the_o right_a therefore_o be_v perpetual_a and_o transmit_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o k._n of_o england_n that_o the_o english_a shall_v have_v a_o free_a use_n of_o this_o more_o northerly_a sea_n belong_v to_o island_n but_o frequent_a ambassy_n notwithstanding_o pass_v on_o both_o side_n about_o that_o business_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o frederick_n the_o second_o and_o christiern_n the_o four_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o of_o elisabeth_n queen_n of_o england_n the_o dane_n allege_v that_o the_o english_a have_v no_o right_a to_o use_v this_o kind_n of_o liberty_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o that_o renew_v every_o seven_o year_n according_a to_o that_o league_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o john_n the_o second_o and_o henry_n the_o seven_o moreover_o nicolas_n craig_n who_o be_v send_v ambassador_n into_o england_n by_o christiern_n the_o four_o in_o the_o year_n mdxcix_o pretend_a the_o agreement_n at_o haderslabe_n in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiii_o between_o frederick_n the_o second_o and_o queen_n elisabeth_n as_o if_o it_o have_v therein_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o this_o servitude_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o island_n establish_v by_o the_o english_a may_v be_v limit_v by_o a_o denial_n of_o licence_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n but_o it_o be_v answer_v both_o by_o the_o lord_n at_o home_n in_o england_n as_o also_o by_o the_o queen_n commissioner_n send_v to_o bremen_n for_o the_o transact_n of_o this_o business_n that_o this_o right_a or_o sea-servitude_n be_v so_o confirm_v to_o the_o english_a as_o well_o by_o prescription_n of_o time_n as_o by_o perpetual_a agreement_n of_o league_n that_o that_o particular_a which_o occurr'_v in_o the_o agreement_n of_o king_n john_n the_o second_o and_o henry_n the_o seven_o about_o ask_v of_o licence_n do_v in_o no_o wise_n relate_v to_o this_o effect_n that_o whether_o it_o be_v deny_v or_o not_o request_v by_o petition_n that_o right_a or_o servitude_n can_v be_v diminish_v but_o to_o this_o end_n only_o that_o the_o english_a by_o a_o customary_a petition_v every_o seven_o year_n may_v acknowledge_v the_o norwegian_a right_a in_o this_o sea_n there_o be_v neither_o manner_n nor_o condition_n nor_o time_n annex_v to_o the_o servitude_n but_o it_o take_v place_n there_o only_o to_o this_o end_n that_o the_o memory_n mere_o of_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o league_n or_o of_o the_o original_a of_o the_o servitude_n establish_v may_v be_v renew_v now_o and_o then_o by_o petition_n yea_o frederick_n the_o second_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o queen_n elisabeth_n date_v the_o four_o of_o may_n mdlxxxv_o most_o express_o 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eminent_a port_n and_o city_n the_o time_n limit_v and_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o fish_v do_v plain_o import_v some_o former_a right_n but_o here_o i_o give_v you_o the_o form_n of_o the_o proclamation_n dorsâ—_n it_o be_v require_v that_o none_o of_o the_o liege_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n for_o certain_a cause_n special_o move_v our_o lord_n the_o king_n himself_o do_v for_o one_o year_n next_o ensue_v presume_v to_o go_v unto_o the_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n and_o especial_o towards_o the_o iste_fw-la of_o island_n for_o the_o cause_n of_o fish_v or_o any_o other_o occasion_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a kingdom_n otherwise_o than_o they_o be_v wont_v in_o ancient_a time_n it_o appear_v also_o by_o parlamentarie_a 33._o record_n of_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n that_o the_o english_a use_v fish_v in_o that_o sea_n very_o many_o year_n before_o but_o that_o league_n make_v at_o haderslabe_n pretend_v before_o by_o craig_n do_v not_o relate_v unto_o fish_v either_o in_o the_o sea_n of_o island_n or_o in_o this_o of_o norway_n but_o to_o the_o traffic_n and_o merchandise_n use_v then_o by_o our_o merchant_n of_o the_o moscovie-companie_n for_o this_o only_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o merchant_n of_o that_o company_n be_v constrain_v by_o tempest_n or_o otherwise_o may_v free_o have_v access_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o port_n both_o of_o island_n and_o norway_n but_o with_o this_o reserv_v that_o they_o do_v not_o in_o any_o kind_a traffic_n and_o use_v mercbandise_n in_o the_o port_n of_o norway_n or_o island_n before_o prohibit_v nor_o molest_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o say_a place_n in_o any_o thing_n against_o the_o law_n of_o hospitality_n and_o that_o they_o whole_o abstain_v from_o all_o manner_n of_o injury_n which_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o that_o answer_n which_o be_v give_v to_o craig_n by_o the_o peer_n of_o england_n but_o all_o thing_n be_v clear_o explain_v about_o this_o business_n and_o that_o right_a of_o the_o english_a defend_v at_o large_a in_o the_o letter_n send_v by_o queen_n elisabeth_n to_o christiern_n the_o four_o bear_v date_n cal._n septembris_fw-la anno_fw-la mdxcix_o so_o much_o whereof_o as_o concern_v this_o particular_a i_o think_v meet_v to_o insert_v at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o most_o excellent_a prince_n your_o highness_n father_n we_o send_v say_v the_o queen_n letter_n a_o ambassador_n into_o germany_n anno_fw-la mdlxxvii_o who_o treat_v with_o his_o commissioner_n about_o all_o matter_n in_o controversy_n and_o especial_o about_o the_o fish_n of_o island_n and_o norway_n where_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o king_n insist_v only_o upon_o a_o former_a treaty_n of_o two_o year_n r._n truce_n wherein_o it_o be_v at_o that_o time_n agree_v that_o the_o english_a shall_v not_o sail_v beyond_o hagaland_n but_o there_o be_v several_a treaty_n with_o the_o king_n john_n and_o christiern_n allege_v 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place_n herring_n be_v every_o day_n meat_n winter_n and_o summer_n as_o well_o to_o draw_v on_o drink_n as_o to_o satisfy_v hunger_n and_o in_o most_o place_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o year_n they_o be_v scarce_o to_o be_v have_v for_o present_o after_o michaëlmas_n the_o sound_n and_o rivers_n be_v freeze_v up_o so_o as_o no_o herring_n can_v be_v transport_v into_o twenty_o several_a kingdom_n and_o free_a state_n until_o july_n which_o be_v for_o thirty_o week_n space_n together_o so_o that_o when_o lent_n come_v there_o be_v few_o to_o be_v buy_v for_o money_n last_o since_o by_o care_n and_o industry_n we_o gain_v from_o the_o fleming_n doubtless_o so_o by_o the_o mean_v we_o may_v as_o easy_o grow_v expert_a in_o the_o art_n of_o fish_v and_o in_o time_n make_v it_o a_o staple_n commodity_n of_o our_o own_o but_o this_o we_o shall_v the_o better_o and_o soon_o do_v if_o we_o consider_v and_o endeavour_v to_o reform_v certain_a want_n and_o abuse_n which_o hitherto_o have_v 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sea_n do_v common_o never_o return_v again_o until_o all_o the_o money_n take_v for_o their_o fish_n be_v spend_v and_o they_o in_o debt_n seek_v only_o to_o serve_v the_o next_o market_n 6._o the_o hollander_n have_v certain_a merchant_n who_o during_o the_o herring-season_n do_v only_o come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o buss_n arrive_v and_o join_v together_o in_o several_a company_n do_v present_o agree_v for_o the_o lade_n of_o thirty_o or_o forty_o buss_n at_o once_o and_o so_o be_v discharge_v they_o may_v speedy_o return_v to_o their_o former_a ship_n whereas_o our_o fisherman_n be_v uncertain_a of_o their_o chapman_n and_o force_v to_o spend_v much_o time_n in_o put_v off_o their_o fish_n by_o parcel_n these_o and_o other_o defect_n will_v careful_o be_v take_v into_o consideration_n and_o certain_a order_n make_v to_o make_v our_o fish_n prosperous_a and_o successful_a especial_o consider_v the_o fearful_a mischief_n the_o neglect_n hereof_o have_v bring_v to_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n in_o general_n and_o to_o many_o good_a town_n and_o corporation_n in_o particular_a as_o by_o authority_n even_o of_o parliament_n itself_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o 33_o hen._n the_o eight_o be_v plain_o testify_v which_o i_o have_v summary_o here_o set_v down_o to_o avoid_v the_o prolixity_n of_o the_o original_n because_o the_o english_a fisherman_n dwell_v on_o the_o seacoast_n do_v leave_v off_o their_o trade_n of_o fish_v in_o our_o sea_n and_o go_v the_o half-sea_n over_o and_o there_o upon_o the_o sea_n do_v buy_v fish_n of_o pickard_n fleming_n norman_n and_o zelander_n by_o reason_n whereof_o many_o incommodity_n do_v grow_v to_o the_o realm_n viz._n the_o decay_n of_o the_o wealth_n and_o prosperity_n as_o well_o of_o the_o cinque-port_n and_o member_n of_o the_o same_o as_o of_o other_o coast-town_n by_o the_o seaside_n which_o be_v build_v and_o inhabit_v by_o great_a multitude_n of_o people_n by_o reason_n of_o use_v and_o exercise_v the_o craft_n and_o feat_n of_o fish_v second_o the_o decay_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o boat_n and_o ship_n and_o three_o the_o decay_n of_o many_o good_a mariner_n both_o able_a in_o body_n by_o their_o diligence_n labour_n and_o continual_a exercise_n of_o fish_v and_o expert_a by_o reason_n thereof_o in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o seacoast_n as_o well_o within_o this_o realm_n as_o in_o other_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v therefore_o enact_v that_o no_o manner_n of_o person_n english_a denizen_n or_o stranger_n at_o that_o time_n or_o any_o time_n after_o dwell_v in_o england_n shall_v buy_v any_o fish_n of_o any_o stranger_n in_o the_o say_a port_n of_o flanders_n zealand_n picardy_n france_n or_o upon_o the_o sea_n between_o shore_n and_o shore_n etc._n etc._n this_o act_n by_o many_o continuance_n be_v continue_v from_o parliament_n to_o parliament_n until_o the_o first_o of_o queen_n marie_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o next_o parliament_n and_o then_o expire_v for_o conclusion_n see_v by_o that_o which_o have_v former_o be_v declare_v it_o evident_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o immemorable_a prescription_n continual_a usage_n and_o possession_n the_o acknowledgement_n of_o all_o our_o neighbor-state_n and_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v ever_o hold_v the_o sovereign_a lordship_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o that_o unto_o his_o majesty_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o sovereignty_n the_o supreme_a command_n and_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o passage_n and_o fish_v in_o the_o same_o rightful_o appertain_v consider_v also_o the_o natural_a site_n of_o those_o our_o sea_n that_o interpose_v themselves_o between_o the_o great_a northern_a commerce_n of_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o that_o of_o the_o east_n west_n and_o southern_a climate_n and_o withal_o the_o infinite_a commodity_n that_o by_o fish_v in_o the_o same_o be_v daily_o make_v it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o his_o majesty_n by_o mean_n of_o his_o own_o excellent_a wisdom_n and_o virtue_n and_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o his_o faithful_a subject_n and_o people_n may_v easy_o without_o injustice_n to_o any_o prince_n or_o person_n whatsoever_o be_v make_v the_o great_a monarch_n for_o command_n and_o wealth_n and_o his_o people_n the_o most_o opulent_a and_o flourish_a nation_n of_o any_o other_o in_o the_o world_n and_o this_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o his_o majesty_n be_v now_o absolute_a commander_n of_o the_o british_a isle_n and_o have_v also_o enlarge_v his_o dominion_n over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o western_a indies_n by_o mean_n of_o which_o extent_n of_o empire_n cross_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o whole_a ocean_n the_o trade_n and_o person_n of_o all_o nation_n remove_v from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o world_n to_o the_o other_o must_v of_o necessity_n first_o or_o last_o come_v within_o compass_n of_o his_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o our_o sea_n be_v the_o most_o precious_a jewel_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v crown_n and_o next_o under_o god_n the_o principal_a mean_n of_o our_o wealth_n and_o safety_n all_o true_a english_a heart_n and_o hand_n be_v bind_v by_o all_o possible_a mean_n and_o diligence_n to_o preserv_v and_o maintain_v the_o same_o even_o with_o the_o uttermost_a hazard_n of_o their_o life_n their_o good_n and_o fortune_n thus_o you_o see_v what_o wondrous_a advantage_n may_v redound_v to_o the_o felicity_n and_o glory_n of_o this_o nation_n if_o god_n give_v heart_n and_o resolution_n to_o vindicate_v those_o right_n which_o be_v now_o most_o impious_o and_o injurious_o invade_v and_o so_o much_o for_o what_o concern_v england_n now_o that_o i_o may_v reflect_v a_o little_a upon_o the_o point_n of_o sea-dominion_n in_o general_n to_o show_v how_o far_o it_o have_v be_v assert_v and_o maintain_v by_o
or_o singularity_n especial_o when_o it_o be_v beside_o most_o apparent_a that_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n do_v not_o only_o pretend_v to_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sound_n but_o cause_v all_o such_o ship_n as_o pass_v through_o it_o to_o pay_v what_o toll_n he_o please_v the_o great_a turk_n prohibit'_v all_o nation_n save_v his_o own_o vassal_n to_o enter_v the_o black_a sea_n or_o pontus_n euxinus_n the_o like_a he_o do_v to_o the_o red_a sea_n which_o conte_v at_o the_o least_o 1200_o mile_n in_o length_n begin_v from_o the_o streit_n of_o babelmandel_n which_o give_v we_o entrance_n thereinto_o and_o end_v at_o the_o town_n of_o sue_v which_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o bottom_n thereof_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n oppose_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n any_o but_o his_o own_o subject_n to_o sail_v into_o the_o east-indies_n affirm_v those_o sea_n to_o be_v entire_o under_o his_o dominion_n as_o well_o by_o conquest_n as_o the_o pope_n donation_n insomuch_o as_o the_o small_a vessel_n even_o of_o the_o native_n of_o those_o part_n can_v sail_v from_o port_n to_o port_n without_o the_o passport_n of_o the_o viceroy_n of_o goa_n or_o of_o some_o other_o by_o he_o depute_v thereto_o style_v himself_o among_o other_o his_o title_n to_o be_v king_n of_o the_o conquest_n navigation_n and_o commerce_n or_o traffic_n of_o aethiopia_n arabia_n persia_n india_n etc._n etc._n which_o have_v be_v hitherto_o so_o punctual_o observe_v as_o no_o castilian_a or_o spaniard_n may_v at_o any_o time_n or_o for_o any_o occasion_n sail_n into_o the_o east-indies_n though_o both_o those_o nation_n be_v for_o many_o year_n together_o unite_v under_o one_o king_n second_o if_o the_o dominion_n of_o these_o sea_n dotrue_o and_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n as_o have_v be_v so_o sufficient_o clear_v and_o prove_v to_o the_o whole_a world_n by_o that_o learned_a book_n entitle_v mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la why_o may_v not_o or_o ought_v not_o the_o people_n of_o england_n by_o all_o lawful_a way_n procure_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o these_o sea_n that_o so_o just_o apperte_v unto_o they_o may_v be_v secure_v from_o any_o force_n violence_n or_o opposition_n how_o great_a soever_o of_o their_o most_o powerful_a neighbour_n whenas_o we_o see_v the_o venetian_n to_o be_v so_o jealous_a in_o preservation_n of_o the_o title_n they_o pretend_v to_o their_o sea_n as_o rather_o than_o to_o suffer_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o least_o sort_n question_v they_o do_v upon_o all_o occasion_n oppose_v themselves_o by_o force_n or_o otherwise_o against_o the_o most_o potent_a prince_n of_o europe_n and_o asia_n vale._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d dominium_fw-la maris_fw-la or_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea._n after_o a_o long_a peace_n betwixt_o the_o progenitor_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n the_o first_o and_o the_o republic_n of_o venice_n in_o the_o year_n 1508_o there_o begin_v certain_a slight_a difference_n which_o conclude_v in_o a_o notable_a and_o most_o memorable_a war_n insomuch_o as_o the_o republic_n for_o 22_o year_n follow_v be_v with_o the_o say_a prince_n and_o with_o his_o posterity_n for_o divers_a respect_n sometime_o in_o war_n sometime_o in_o peace_n and_o sometime_o in_o truce_n until_o in_o the_o year_n 1529_o all_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o be_v compose_v and_o a_o peace_n conclude_v in_o bolonia_n which_o continue_v all_o that_o age_n with_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o together_o with_o his_o brother_n ferdinando_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o archduke_n of_o austria_n but_o because_o by_o the_o division_n make_v betwixt_o the_o say_a brethren_n seven_o year_n before_o all_o the_o austrian_a land_n which_o confine_v with_o the_o venetian_n be_v lay_v by_o agreement_n unto_o the_o part_n which_o belong_v unto_o king_n ferdinand_n the_o confine_n of_o which_o as_o they_o have_v conjuncture_n with_o the_o land_n of_o the_o republic_n be_v very_o intricate_a and_o of_o great_a difficulty_n to_o conclude_v unto_o whether_o party_n they_o do_v belong_v as_o well_o for_o the_o public_a reason_n of_o the_o say_a prince_n as_o for_o those_o of_o their_o private_a subject_n to_o end_v all_o which_o in_o quiet_a it_o be_v agree_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o arbitrarie_a tribunal_n erect_v in_o trent_n for_o the_o decide_n of_o these_o doubt_n which_o in_o the_o year_n 1535_o pronounce_v sentence_n whereby_o all_o the_o difference_n be_v more_o than_o a_o hundred_o be_v definitive_o conclude_v here_o notwithstanding_o the_o difficulty_n cease_v not_o because_o some_o do_v travers_n the_o execution_n of_o the_o sentence_n so_o as_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n new_a quarrel_n do_v arise_v from_o both_o side_n each_o one_o pretend_v new_a wrongâ—_n offer_v by_o the_o advers._fw-la party_n whereupon_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o all_o these_o difference_n there_o be_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n as_o well_o of_o ferdinando_n who_o succeed_v in_o the_o empire_n by_o the_o resignation_n of_o his_o brother_n as_o of_o the_o republic_n a_o convention_n appoint_v in_o friuli_n 1563_o of_o five_o commissary_n one_o procurator_n and_o three_o advocate_n for_o each_o part_n who_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o difference_n as_o well_o old_a as_o new_a and_o shall_v have_v power_n to_o conclude_v they_o under_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o several_a prince_n and_o this_o so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o judge_n be_v desire_v by_o the_o emperor_n the_o better_a to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o his_o subject_n of_o several_a province_n interest_v in_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o imperial_a side_n the_o commissary_n be_v andrew_n preghel_n a_o baron_n of_o austria_n maximilian_n dorimbergh_n elenger_n de_fw-fr goritia_n stephen_n sourz_n and_o anthony_n statemberger_n the_o procurator_n be_v giacomo_n campana_n chancellor_n of_o goritia_n the_o doctor_n or_o advocate_n be_v andrea_n rapicio_fw-la gervasio_n alberto_n and_o giovan_n maria_n gratia_n dei_fw-la for_o the_o venetian_n the_o commissary_n be_v sebastian_z venier_n marino_n de_fw-fr cavalli_n pietro_n sanudo_n giovan_n baptista_n contarini_n and_o augustin_n barbarigo_n the_o procurator_n be_v giovan_n antonio_n a_o secretary_n the_o advocates_n marquardo_fw-it susanna_n francisco_n gratiano_n and_o giacomo_n chizzola_n at_o this_o convention_n the_o complaint_n on_o both_o side_n be_v open_v which_o be_v argue_v and_o the_o other_o public_a difference_n partly_o compose_v and_o partly_o decide_v there_o be_v take_v into_o consideration_n a_o petition_n of_o the_o imperial_a procurator_n in_o this_o form_n ejusden_n majestatis_fw-la nomine_fw-la requiritur_fw-la ut_fw-la posthac_fw-la illius_fw-la subditis_fw-la atque_fw-la aliis_fw-la in_o sinu_fw-la adriatico_n tutò_fw-la navigare_fw-la ac_fw-la negotiari_fw-la liceat_fw-la item_n ut_fw-la damna_fw-la tergestinis_fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la atque_fw-la aliis_fw-la illata_fw-la restituantur_fw-la it_o be_v require_v in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o majesty_n that_o hereafter_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o his_o subject_n and_o other_o to_o traffic_v and_o navigate_v safe_o in_o the_o adriatic_a gulf._n likewise_o that_o recompense_n be_v make_v for_o the_o damage_n sustain_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o trieste_n and_o other_o and_o rapicio_fw-la the_o advocate_n do_v accompany_v this_o demand_n with_o say_v that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o cause_n to_o be_v handle_v with_o any_o subtlety_n it_o be_v a_o thing_n most_o notorious_a that_o navigation_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a notwithstanding_o the_o subject_n of_o his_o majesty_n have_v be_v constrain_v to_o go_v with_o their_o ship_n to_o venice_n and_o there_o to_o pay_v custom_n at_o which_o his_o majesty_n be_v aggrieve_v and_o make_v instance_n that_o it_o may_v be_v remedy_v to_o this_o chizzola_n advocate_n of_o the_o republic_n make_v answer_n say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o clear_a case_n indeed_o that_o navigation_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a but_o yet_o those_o thing_n whereat_o they_o be_v aggrieve_v be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o this_o freedom_n forasmuch_o as_o in_o country_n which_o be_v most_o free_a those_o who_o have_v the_o dominion_n thereof_o receiv_a custom_n and_o order_n by_o which_o way_n all_o merchandise_n shall_v pass_v and_o therefore_o no_o body_n shall_v be_v grieve_v if_o the_o venetian_n for_o their_o own_o respect_n do_v use_v so_o to_o do_v in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n which_o be_v under_o their_o dominion_n and_o he_o add_v that_o if_o they_o intend_v to_o dispute_v of_o the_o business_n in_o question_n he_o be_v to_o advertise_v they_o that_o this_o cause_n can_v not_o by_o any_o preten_v be_v bring_v into_o judgement_n at_o that_o convention_n which_o be_v only_o institute_v for_o the_o execution_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v former_o sentence_v and_o for_o right_v of_o such_o new_a wrong_n which_o succeed_v after_o the_o sentence_n it_o be_v beside_o a_o thing_n most_o notorious_a that_o the_o republic_n as_o lord_n of_o the_o adriatiok_n sea_n do_v exercise_v that_o dominion_n at_o the_o present_a