the_o rest_n of_o his_o majesty_n subject_n will_v be_v deter_v from_o the_o like_a disobedience_n there_o be_v some_o other_o superfluous_a objection_n make_v against_o the_o clause_n in_o the_o charter_n and_o against_o the_o formality_n of_o the_o plead_n which_o i_o think_v not_o necessary_a to_o remember_v and_o therefore_o have_v thus_o premise_v i_o shall_v now_o descend_v to_o those_o point_n i_o think_v only_o material_a in_o this_o cause_n i._o the_o first_o and_o great_a point_n in_o this_o cause_n be_v whether_o this_o grant_v of_o the_o sole_a trade_n to_o the_o indies_n to_o the_o east-india_n company_n exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o be_v a_o good_a grant_n in_o law_n or_o not_o and_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n it_o be_v and_o by_o the_o way_n i_o can_v but_o make_v the_o same_o remark_n in_o this_o case_n as_o my_o lord_n chief_a baron_n fleming_n make_v in_o the_o great_a case_n of_o bates_n in_o the_o exchequer_n lane_n fol._n 27._o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a grace_n and_o eminent_a act_n of_o condescension_n in_o the_o king_n to_o this_o defendant_n that_o he_o do_v permit_v this_o great_a point_n of_o his_o prerogative_n to_o be_v dispute_v in_o westminster-hall_n but_o by_o this_o he_o do_v sufficient_o signify_v to_o all_o his_o subject_n that_o he_o will_v persist_v in_o nothing_o though_o it_o seem_v never_o so_o much_o for_o his_o advantage_n but_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n i_o shall_v therefore_o endeavour_v to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o he_o be_v invest_v with_o this_o prerogative_n by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o nation_n but_o by_o the_o law_n i_o do_v not_o only_o mean_v the_o customary_a common_a law_n or_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n which_o be_v native_a and_o peculiar_a to_o this_o nation_n which_o as_o mr._n attorney_n well_o observe_v be_v not_o adapt_v to_o this_o purpose_n but_o such_o other_o law_n also_o as_o be_v common_a to_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o we_o and_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o use_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n by_o the_o king_n and_o people_n of_o england_n in_o divers_a case_n and_o by_o such_o ancient_a usage_n be_v become_v the_o law_n of_o england_n in_o those_o case_n namely_o the_o general_n law_n of_o nation_n the_o law-merchant_n the_o imperial_a or_o civil_a law_n every_o of_o which_o law_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o same_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o use_v in_o england_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n may_v be_v proper_o say_v to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o for_o the_o better_a communicate_v my_o thought_n upon_o this_o subject_a i_o will_v proceed_v by_o these_o step_n 1._o i_o will_v very_o brief_o consider_v of_o the_o inland_a trade_n within_o this_o kingdom_n and_o the_o foreign_a trade_n with_o other_o nation_n and_o therein_o observe_v that_o the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v concern_v in_o both_o and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o both_o allow_v by_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n 2._o i_o shall_v show_v that_o the_o liberty_n of_o foreign_a trade_n may_v be_v restrain_v 3._o that_o foreign_a trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v introduce_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n aught_o to_o be_v govern_v and_o judge_v according_a to_o those_o law_n 4._o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o regulation_n and_o restraint_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la juris_fw-la regalia_z i._n e._n the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n 5._o that_o though_o by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o land_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o other_o nation_n monopoly_n be_v prohibit_v yet_o society_n to_o trade_n such_o as_o the_o plaintiff_n to_o certain_a place_n exclusive_a of_o other_o be_v no_o monopoly_n by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o land_n but_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v erect_v both_o here_o and_o in_o other_o country_n and_o be_v strengthen_v by_o the_o usage_n and_o practice_n of_o both_o in_o all_o time_n 6._o i_o shall_v show_v the_o authority_n that_o be_v extant_a in_o our_o book_n together_o with_o such_o precedent_n reason_n both_o public_a and_o politic_a for_o as_o my_o lord_n fleming_n say_v that_o such_o reason_n be_v good_a direction_n for_o our_o judgement_n in_o such_o case_n as_o these_o be_v demonstration_n of_o the_o course_n of_o antiquity_n and_o therein_o also_o observe_v the_o necessity_n and_o advantage_n of_o such_o society_n and_o by_o the_o way_n endeavour_n to_o answer_v the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n precedent_n and_o authority_n with_o all_o other_o the_o objection_n that_o have_v be_v make_v against_o my_o conclusion_n 1._o first_o then_o to_o consider_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o inland_a and_o the_o foreign_a trade_n allow_v of_o in_o our_o book_n and_o that_o the_o king_n prerogative_n do_v affect_v both_o as_o to_o manufacture_n under_o which_o all_o sort_n of_o artificer_n be_v concern_v i_o think_v they_o remain_v with_o the_o most_o liberty_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o as_o mr._n attorney_n observe_v the_o publick-weal_n be_v little_o concern_v therein_o only_o to_o preserve_v every_o one_o in_o the_o quiet_a enjoyment_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o his_o own_o labour_n and_o industry_n yet_o even_o in_o that_o the_o king_n prerogative_n have_v not_o be_v total_o exclude_v for_o as_o it_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o our_o book_n that_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v this_o day_n enjoy_v by_o custom_n or_o prescription_n have_v their_o commencement_n by_o royal_a grant_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v no_o artificer_n within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n can_v at_o this_o day_n use_v two_o trade_n i._n e_o a_o carpenter_n can_v use_v the_o trade_n of_o a_o joiner_n or_o a_o bricklayer_n of_o a_o plasterer_n 2._o as_o to_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n or_o inland_a commerce_n general_o speak_v it_o have_v the_o next_o freedom_n by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o be_v subject_a nevertheless_o to_o be_v limit_v or_o restrain_v by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o several_a particular_n as_o for_o instance_n to_o prevent_v all_o forestalling_a and_o engross_a so_o mr._n attorney_n do_v well_o observe_v that_o number_n of_o people_n can_v not_o meet_v to_o traffic_v or_o merchandise_n without_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o be_v punish_v as_o unlawful_a assembly_n the_o crown_n therefore_o grant_v the_o liberty_n of_o fair_n and_o market_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o commerce_n and_o trade_n all_o which_o do_v original_o proceed_v from_o the_o crown_n and_o therefore_o by_o abuse_v those_o liberty_n may_v still_o be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o pass_v by_o all_o other_o instance_n i_o shall_v only_o instance_n one_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o our_o book_n which_o well_o consider_v may_v go_v a_o great_a way_n in_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n register_n fol._n 107._o the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o abbot_n of_o westminster_n and_o his_o successor_n that_o they_o shall_v hold_v a_o fair_a at_o westminster_n thirty_o odd_a day_n together_o with_o a_o prohibition_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v buy_v or_o fall_v within_o seven_o mile_n of_o that_o fair_a during_o that_o time_n and_o the_o king_n do_v there_o command_v the_o sheriff_n of_o london_n by_o his_o writ_n to_o seize_v the_o body_n of_o a_o inhabitant_n of_o salisbury_n for_o sell_v clothes_n in_o london_n within_o the_o time_n of_o the_o fair_a now_o here_o be_v a_o charter_n grant_v to_o a_o particular_a person_n exclusive_a of_o other_o for_o a_o time_n subject_a to_o more_o objection_n than_o the_o charter_n now_o in_o question_n yet_o approve_v of_o by_o our_o book_n hence_o it_o come_v that_o corporation_n be_v erect_v and_o trade_n confine_v to_o place_n and_o person_n exclusive_a of_o other_o for_o all_o such_o come_v original_o from_o the_o crown_n and_o as_o i_o say_v before_o in_o the_o case_n of_o faiâ—s_n so_o i_o may_v now_o say_v in_o the_o case_n of_o corporation_n that_o though_o they_o claim_v liberty_n and_o privilege_n by_o prescription_n yet_o these_o original_o proceed_v from_o the_o crown_n and_o be_v therefore_o forfeitable_a to_o the_o crown_n a_o eminent_a instance_n hereof_o be_v that_o great_a case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n for_o abuse_v their_o liberty_n which_o they_o claim_v by_o prescription_n confirm_v by_o divers_a charter_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n by_o judgement_n of_o this_o court_n their_o liberty_n and_o franchise_n be_v seize_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n and_o therefore_o remain_v as_o a_o vill_n to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n till_o his_o majesty_n shall_v be_v please_v of_o his_o bounty_n to_o restore_v they_o now_o that_o the_o inland_a traffic_n be_v most_o concern_v either_o in_o corporation_n market_n or_o fair_n which_o all_o proceed_v from_o the_o crown_n do_v plain_o evince_v that_o the_o king_n prerogative_n have_v a_o more_o immediate_a influence_n over_o deal_n in_o merchandize_n than_o it_o
sumptus_fw-la &_o ancipiti_fw-la eventui_fw-la initio_fw-la sunt_fw-la obnoxia_fw-la ergo_fw-la authoribus_fw-la talium_fw-la commerciorum_fw-la cavendum_fw-la est_fw-la ne_fw-fr quod_fw-la ab_fw-la ipsis_fw-la constitutum_fw-la magno_fw-la cum_fw-la periculo_fw-la &_o sumptu_fw-la sunt_fw-la alii_fw-la gratis_n intercipiant_fw-la ii_o ac_fw-la praeterea_fw-la ejusmodi_fw-la societates_fw-la privilegiatae_fw-la opibus_fw-la suis_fw-la reipub_fw-la exigente_fw-la necessitate_v felicius_fw-la possunt_fw-la quam_fw-la singula_fw-la succurrere_fw-la iii_o videntur_fw-la etiam_fw-la meliori_fw-la fide_fw-la commercia_fw-la tractari_fw-la ac_fw-la majorem_fw-la copiam_fw-la mercium_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la posse_fw-la advehi_fw-la neque_fw-la de_fw-la tot_fw-la fraudibus_fw-la &_o compendiis_fw-la cogitare_fw-la necessum_fw-la habent_fw-la quorum_fw-la lucrum_fw-la in_o common_a velut_fw-la aerarium_fw-la redactum_fw-la aequalibus_fw-la portionibus_fw-la distribuitur_fw-la puffendorf_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la &_o gentium_fw-la lib._n 5._o fol._n 655._o a_o learned_a author_n do_v more_o at_o large_a describe_v it_o it_o have_v be_v a_o question_n sometime_o debate_v whether_o the_o society_n enter_v into_o by_o the_o hanse_v town_n be_v not_o against_o law_n quip_n quod_fw-la speciem_fw-la monopolii_n prae_fw-la se_fw-la far_o videtur_fw-la ut_fw-la certis_fw-la locis_fw-la merces_fw-la emant_fw-la confaederati_fw-la quae_fw-la rursus_fw-la pretio_fw-la eo_fw-la quo_fw-la volunt_fw-la vendant_fw-la this_o be_v the_o same_o objection_n now_o make_v against_o the_o charter_n at_o the_o bar._n but_o the_o answer_v give_v be_v twofold_a and_o will_v come_v home_o to_o this_o case_n i._o that_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iv._o have_v give_v his_o approbation_n and_o make_v it_o lawful_a by_o his_o authority_n ii_o that_o they_o have_v continue_v in_o possession_n of_o this_o society_n so_o long_o that_o now_o the_o length_n of_o time_n together_o with_o the_o prince_n consent_n remove_v all_o doubt_n whatsoever_o carpsovirez_n de_fw-fr lege_fw-la regius_fw-la germanorum_n cap._n 6._o sect_n 10._o and_o the_o charter_n now_o in_o question_n and_o other_o charter_n of_o like_a nature_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o remember_v by_o and_o by_o remain_v undisturbed_a without_o the_o least_o interruption_n as_o long_o as_o this_o society_n do_v before_o this_o question_n be_v state_v and_o though_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o law_n such_o a_o length_n of_o time_n do_v not_o obtain_v the_o credit_n of_o a_o prescription_n yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o other_o country_n which_o be_v only_o adapt_v for_o this_o purpose_n it_o be_v otherwise_o praescriptio_fw-la enim_fw-la tam_fw-la longi_fw-la temporis_fw-la vim_o legis_fw-la obtinet_fw-la imo_fw-la tollit_fw-la omne_fw-la vitium_fw-la praescriptio_fw-la temporis_fw-la immemorialis_fw-la quae_fw-la privilegiata_fw-la est_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la vitioso_fw-la etiam_fw-la titulo_fw-la dominium_fw-la &_o jus_o tribuit_fw-la omnesque_fw-la solemnitates_fw-la etiam_fw-la extrinsecus_fw-la negotio_fw-la accessisse_fw-la praesumit_fw-la tanti_fw-la temporis_fw-la antiquitas_fw-la num_fw-la 10._o n._n atque_fw-la omnem_fw-la monopolii_n respectum_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la immemorialis_fw-la vel_fw-la caesarum_fw-la approbatio_fw-la excludit_fw-la n._n 10._o 26._o quia_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la immemorialis_fw-la caesarum_fw-la scitu_fw-la &_o concessu_fw-la haec_fw-la antiqua_fw-la societas_fw-la fulcitur_fw-la omnis_fw-la monopolii_n respectus_fw-la etiam_fw-la minimus_fw-la laeserat_fw-la marg._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 7._o n._n 50._o and_o as_o these_o hanse_v town_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o corporation_n of_o trade_n i_o have_v read_v of_o so_o be_v it_o think_v the_o interest_n of_o england_n to_o support_v and_o encourage_v they_o i_o find_v above_o 60_o some_o say_v 80_o town_n and_o city_n unite_v their_o stock_n make_v lubeck_n brunswick_n dantzick_n and_o cullen_n the_o chief_a place_n of_o their_o residence_n and_o so_o great_a be_v their_o trade_n and_o credit_n under_o that_o constitution_n that_o many_o prince_n grant_v they_o large_a privilege_n and_o they_o keep_v court_n by_o their_o deputy_n and_o counsel_n at_o bergen_n by_o the_o law_n of_o spain_n all_o monopoly_n be_v forbid_v and_o under_o the_o same_o penalty_n appoint_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n yet_o there_o also_o a_o right_n may_v be_v acquire_v to_o a_o sole_a trade_n by_o licence_n obtain_v from_o the_o king_n or_o by_o prescription_n quinta_fw-la partida_fw-la tit._n 7._o leg_n 2._o membris_fw-la hoc_fw-la commercium_fw-la maritimum_fw-la exclusis_fw-la caeteris_fw-la ad_fw-la 20_o annos_fw-la concederetur_fw-la neque_fw-la ulla_fw-la re_fw-la se_fw-la magis_fw-la prodidit_fw-la imperii_fw-la odium_fw-la batavicae_fw-la nostris_fw-la diebus_fw-la deo_fw-la ita_fw-la volente_fw-la constituti_fw-la magnitudo_fw-la &_o felicitas_fw-la quam_fw-la navigationum_fw-la in_o india_n orientales_fw-la susceptarum_fw-la constantia_n &_o successus_fw-la ad_fw-la quas_fw-la ut_fw-la aerario_fw-la parceretur_fw-la societates_fw-la institutae_fw-la cautumque_fw-la tandem_fw-la ut_fw-la sub_fw-la unam_fw-la societatem_fw-la omnes_fw-la coirent_fw-la quod_fw-la alioqui_fw-la experimento_fw-la constitisset_fw-la aromatum_fw-la pretia_fw-mi ab_fw-la insulanis_fw-la ob_fw-la emptorum_fw-la frequentiam_fw-la augeri_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la alii_fw-la aliis_fw-la praevertere_fw-la &_o lucrum_fw-la ad_fw-la se_fw-la aliorum_fw-la damno_fw-la derivare_fw-la satagerent_fw-la ubi_fw-la concordia_fw-la maxima_fw-la est_fw-la opus_fw-la aemulationum_fw-la &_o dissidii_fw-la semina_fw-la spargi_fw-la i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o as_o well_o as_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o other_o country_n warrant_v the_o like_a grant_n and_o restriction_n with_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n so_o i_o conceive_v this_o charter_n of_o sole_a trade_n to_o the_o indies_n exclude_v other_o be_v neither_o oppose_v by_o the_o common_a law_n or_o prohibit_v by_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o be_v support_v by_o both_o as_o will_n more_o evident_o appear_v by_o the_o practice_n and_o constant_a usage_n in_o all_o time_n therefore_o though_o engross_a be_v a_o crime_n odious_a in_o the_o law_n and_o punishable_a yet_o all_o manner_n of_o engross_a be_v not_o therefore_o in_o the_o case_n of_o foreign_a trade_n which_o be_v only_o applicable_a to_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n it_o be_v resolve_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n 3._o instit._fw-la 196._o that_o merchant_n may_v buy_v beyond_o sea_n in_o gross_a and_o sell_v here_o again_o in_o gross_a also_o i_o say_v that_o all_o monopoly_n be_v not_o unlawful_a general_o speak_v they_o be_v and_o therefore_o i_o will_v admit_v the_o description_n of_o a_o unlawful_a monopoly_n make_v by_o my_o lord_n cook_n 3._o instit._fw-la 181._o a_o monopoly_n be_v a_o institution_n or_o allowance_n by_o the_o king_n by_o his_o grant_n commission_n or_o otherwise_o to_o any_o person_n or_o person_n body_n politic_a or_o corporate_a of_o or_o for_o the_o sole_a buy_n sell_v make_v work_a or_o use_v any_o thing_n whereby_o any_o person_n or_o person_n body_n politic_a or_o corporate_a be_v seek_v to_o be_v restrain_v of_o any_o freedom_n or_o liberty_n they_o have_v before_o or_o hinder_v in_o their_o lawful_a trade_n now_o if_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n have_v not_o before_o this_o grant_v a_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n to_o trade_n to_o the_o indies_n against_o the_o king_n royal_a pleasure_n the_o charter_n at_o the_o bar_n will_v be_v no_o monopoly_n within_o that_o rule_n now_o that_o they_o have_v no_o such_o liberty_n have_v be_v sufficient_o prove_v by_o the_o several_a prohibition_n mention_v before_o and_o the_o many_o more_o instance_n thereof_o cite_v by_o mr._n attorney_n and_o mr._n solicitor_n and_o it_o will_v be_v very_o strange_a that_o the_o king_n may_v prohibit_v foreigner_n from_o come_v here_o into_o england_n and_o not_o prohibit_v his_o own_o subject_n from_o go_v into_o foreign_a country_n and_o it_o be_v not_o deny_v but_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v proclaim_v a_o war_n with_o the_o indian_n that_o then_o it_o will_v be_v a_o prohibition_n to_o all_o his_o subject_n to_o have_v any_o commerce_n with_o they_o nay_o and_o he_o may_v continue_v that_o war_n as_o long_o as_o he_o please_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v all_o his_o subject_n will_v be_v as_o well_o prevent_v of_o any_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o that_o country_n and_o also_o of_o export_v any_o of_o our_o commodity_n thither_o so_o that_o sure_o this_o charter_n with_o these_o restriction_n be_v much_o better_a than_o a_o total_a exclusion_n and_o therefore_o foreign_a trade_n be_v not_o like_o our_o home_n trade_n to_o which_o the_o word_n monopoly_n be_v proper_o applicable_a for_o that_o can_v be_v total_o exclude_v for_o any_o time_n though_o never_o so_o small_a by_o any_o act_n of_o prerogative_n object_n ay_o but_o say_v the_o defendant_n council_n though_o the_o king_n can_v by_o his_o prerogative_n prohibit_v all_o trade_n to_o any_o country_n upon_o such_o great_a emergency_n as_o war_n and_o plague_n etc._n etc._n yet_o to_o grant_v liberty_n to_o some_o and_o exclude_v other_o that_o make_v the_o grant_n at_o the_o bar_n be_v think_v a_o monopoly_n which_o be_v still_o beg_v the_o
the_o argument_n of_o the_o lord_n chief_z justice_z of_o the_o court_n of_o king_n bench_n concern_v the_o great_a case_n of_o monopoly_n between_o the_o east_n india_n company_n plaintiff_n and_o thomas_n sandys_n defendant_n wherein_o their_o patent_n for_o trade_n to_o the_o east-indies_n exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o be_v adjudge_v good_a enter_v trin._n 35_o car._n 2._o b._n r._n rot._n 126._o and_o adjudge_v termino_fw-la s._n hilar._n annis_fw-la 36_o &_o 37_o car._n 2._o &_o primo_n jac._n 2._o london_n print_v and_o be_v sell_v by_o randal_n taylor_n near_o stationers-hall_n mdclxxxix_o the_o publisher_n to_o the_o reader_n to_o commend_v this_o argument_n i_o will_v not_o undertake_v because_o of_o the_o author_n but_o yet_o i_o may_v tell_v you_o what_o be_v tell_v i_o that_o it_o be_v worthy_a any_o gentleman_n perusal_n for_o the_o subject_n be_v of_o concern_v to_o the_o public_a in_o general_n and_o to_o every_o individual_a man_n in_o the_o kingdom_n either_o immediate_o or_o by_o consequence_n since_o trade_n be_v the_o life_n of_o a_o nation_n and_o all_o man_n be_v trader_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o other_o the_o consequence_n of_o it_o be_v strength_n wealth_n and_o employment_n to_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n whatsoever_o and_o that_o and_o nothing_o but_o that_o can_v secure_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o country_n it_o employ_v both_o rich_a and_o poor_a and_o keep_v all_o from_o idleness_n and_o so_o prevent_v ill_a man_n from_o disturb_v the_o government_n by_o treason_n or_o the_o subject_a by_o felony_n both_o which_o be_v most_o frequent_a when_o trade_n be_v dull_a and_o man_n be_v idle_a when_o the_o exchange_n be_v thin_a and_o shop_n be_v empty_a it_o will_v be_v a_o endless_a task_n to_o recount_v the_o desolation_n and_o ruin_n that_o have_v happen_v to_o state_n and_o kingdom_n by_o sloth_n luxury_n idleness_n and_o the_o neglect_n of_o commerce_n and_o the_o prodigious_a benefit_n that_o have_v accrue_v to_o several_a country_n by_o the_o contrary_a and_o to_o our_o own_o in_o particular_a and_o the_o vigilant_a care_n and_o zeal_n which_o wise_a king_n prince_n and_o other_o sovereign_a potentate_n have_v always_o have_v and_o use_v for_o the_o countenance_n and_o promotion_n of_o traffic_n within_o their_o respective_a territory_n that_o foreign_a trade_n be_v of_o absolute_a necessity_n and_o infinite_a advantage_n to_o england_n be_v as_o apparent_a as_o that_o we_o be_v a_o island_n peculiar_o adapt_v and_o prepare_v for_o it_o by_o nature_n herself_o insomuch_o that_o ship_n which_o at_o first_o be_v a_o invention_n of_o the_o deity_n for_o the_o use_v of_o noah_n and_o his_o family_n seem_v a_o blessing_n design_v most_o particular_o for_o we_o to_o render_v we_o sociable_a with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o foreign_a country_n that_o we_o may_v borrow_v of_o their_o necessity_n and_o vent_v our_o own_o superfluity_n to_o they_o instead_o of_o it_o and_o so_o maintain_v a_o correspondence_n with_o all_o the_o habitable_a world._n that_o foreign_a commerce_n can_v be_v advantageous_o maintain_v without_o society_n institute_v for_o that_o purpose_n be_v sufficient_o manifest_v to_o all_o considerate_a man_n from_o the_o policy_n of_o other_o law_n abroad_o which_o establish_v they_o and_o from_o the_o provision_n of_o our_o own_o which_o allow_v and_o protect_v they_o and_o from_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o vast_a charge_n in_o intelligence_n factor_n castle_n fort_n man_n arm_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o wise_a conduct_n requisite_a for_o the_o support_n of_o such_o a_o commerce_n which_o without_o the_o unite_a aid_n of_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o understand_a merchant_n upon_o a_o considerable_a stock_n must_v necessary_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o grow_a encroachment_n of_o neighbour_a country_n which_o use_v the_o policy_n of_o settle_a company_n and_o to_o the_o other_o mischievous_a casualty_n that_o may_v daily_o happen_v through_o the_o indiscretion_n and_o rashness_n and_o other_o weakness_n in_o stock_n or_o conduct_n of_o particular_a individual_a person_n exercise_v such_o traffic_n as_o for_o the_o east-india_n company_n they_o support_v the_o crown_n by_o the_o incredible_a custom_n which_o be_v yearly_o pay_v by_o it_o they_o bear_v a_o considerable_a proportion_n of_o public_a and_o necessary_a subsidy_n they_o enrich_v the_o nation_n by_o their_o importation_n they_o convert_v infidel_n or_o at_o least_o civilize_v they_o and_o make_v they_o more_o humane_a by_o their_o correspondency_n they_o employ_v vast_a number_n of_o poor_a people_n they_o negotiate_v vast_a sum_n of_o private_a person_n money_n which_o will_v otherwise_o lie_v dead_a or_o useless_a they_o educate_v and_o breed_v vast_a number_n of_o sea_n man_n for_o the_o service_n of_o war_n they_o build_v and_o employ_v vessel_n of_o great_a burden_n useful_a to_o the_o crown_n and_o public_a upon_o emergent_a occasion_n their_o naval_a force_n be_v part_n of_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n their_o trade_n fleet_n be_v both_o the_o glory_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o nation_n they_o have_v improve_v and_o do_v maintain_v the_o spirit_n of_o commerce_n to_o that_o degree_n as_o preserve_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o our_o neighbour_n in_o its_o just_a proportion_n which_o company_n be_v it_o dissolve_v their_o trade_n and_o strength_n will_v increase_v and_o we_o decay_n and_o we_o shall_v be_v reduce_v to_o our_o primitive_a state_n of_o self-subsistance_n and_o our_o merchant_n now_o the_o pride_n of_o england_n and_o the_o envy_n of_o the_o world_n must_v become_v domestic_a pedlar_n for_o a_o home_n ignoble_a traffic_n from_o city_n to_o town_n and_o from_o town_n to_o ville_n &_o sic_fw-la retrorsum_fw-la for_o these_o reason_n be_v the_o ensue_a argument_n publish_v the_o argument_n of_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n jeffreys_n concern_v the_o great_a case_n of_o monopoly_n plea_n i._o defendant_n demand_v oyer_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n which_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o haec_fw-la verba_fw-la in_o which_o as_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v the_o penalty_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o ship_n and_o good_n one_o moiety_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o company_n and_o imprisonment_n be_v omit_v ii_o there_o be_v also_o a_o clause_n that_o the_o company_n may_v licence_n stranger_n or_o other_o and_o that_o the_o king_n will_v not_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o company_n give_v licence_n etc._n etc._n iii_o that_o none_o shall_v have_v a_o vote_n in_o the_o general_n assembly_n but_o he_o that_o have_v 500_o l._n stock_n iu._n and_o there_o be_v another_o clause_n which_o have_v not_o be_v mention_v by_o the_o council_n on_o either_o side_n that_o if_o it_o shall_v hereafter_o appear_v to_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o successor_n that_o that_o grant_v or_o the_o continuance_n thereof_o shall_v not_o be_v profitable_a to_o his_o majesty_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n or_o to_o this_o realm_n that_o after_o three_o year_n warning_n under_o the_o privy_a seal_n or_o sign_n manuel_n the_o same_o shall_v be_v utter_o void_a for_o plea_n the_o defendant_n say_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v 15_o e._n 3._o it_o be_v enact_v that_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v open_a for_o all_o merchant_n to_o pass_v with_o their_o merchandize_n where_o they_o please_v and_o that_o the_o defendant_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o act_n and_o according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n do_v traffic_n within_o those_o place_n mention_v in_o the_o declaration_n without_o any_o licence_n and_o against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o company_n as_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v declare_v prout_fw-la ei_fw-la bene_fw-la licuit_fw-la plaintiff_n demur_n in_o the_o debate_n of_o this_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n there_o be_v several_a matter_n discourse_v of_o but_o at_o length_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o both_o side_n as_o i_o apprehend_v the_o case_n be_v resolve_v into_o these_o two_o point_n i._o whether_o these_o letter_n patent_n give_v or_o grant_v licence_n or_o liberty_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n to_o exercise_v the_o sole_a trade_n to_o the_o indies_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o grant_n with_o prohibition_n to_o all_o other_o be_v good_a in_o law._n ii_o admit_v the_o grant_v good_a whether_o this_o action_n be_v maintainable_a for_o the_o plaintiff_n now_o to_o let_v i_o into_o the_o debate_n of_o these_o two_o point_n i_o think_v not_o amiss_o to_o remember_v some_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v mention_v by_o the_o counsel_n that_o i_o think_v be_v no_o way_n in_o question_n i._o at_o this_o time_n i_o conceive_v therefore_o that_o whether_o the_o king_n may_v prohibit_v his_o subject_n from_o go_v beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o writ_n or_o otherwise_o by_o his_o absolute_a prerogative_n without_o give_v any_o reason_n be_v not_o the_o question_n nor_o sure_o be_v it_o ever_o think_v a_o question_n till_o it_o be_v late_o stir_v at_o
dutch_a from_o trade_v into_o such_o part_n of_o indies_n whereof_o the_o spaniard_n be_v not_o possess_v upon_o pretence_n that_o they_o have_v the_o dominion_n of_o those_o sea_n inter_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o hispanos_n say_v he_o heac_n controversia_fw-la est_fw-la sitne_n immensum_fw-la &_o vastum_fw-la mare_fw-la regni_fw-la unius_fw-la nec_fw-la maritimi_fw-la accessio_fw-la populóne_fw-la unquam_fw-la jus_o sit_fw-la volentes_fw-la populos_fw-la prohibere_fw-la ne_fw-la vendant_fw-la ne_fw-la permutent_fw-la ne_fw-la denique_fw-la commeent_fw-la inter_fw-la sese_fw-la and_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o countryman_n he_o do_v therefore_o assert_v licere_fw-la cuivis_fw-la genti_fw-la quamvis_fw-la alteram_fw-la adire_fw-la cumque_fw-la ea_fw-la negotiare_fw-la which_o take_v that_o to_o be_v true_a which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v certain_o otherwise_o yet_o nothing_o can_v be_v infer_v from_o thence_o but_o only_o the_o question_n of_o commerce_n between_o one_o nation_n and_o another_o and_o how_o that_o be_v before_o league_n and_o treaty_n be_v make_v little_o may_v perhaps_o be_v find_v as_o mr._n attorney_n well_o observe_v beside_o the_o law_n of_o hospitality_n which_o do_v not_o give_v any_o demandable_a right_n but_o sure_o grotius_n there_o have_v no_o particular_a respect_n to_o particular_a subject_n of_o this_o or_o any_o other_o nation_n how_o far_o the_o supreme_a power_n of_o any_o nation_n may_v erect_v a_o society_n of_o trade_n to_o a_o certain_a place_n and_o for_o certain_a commodity_n exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o subject_n of_o their_o own_o and_o that_o plain_o appear_v both_o from_o the_o scope_n of_o his_o book_n as_o also_o for_o that_o for_o several_a year_n both_o before_o and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o publish_v that_o treatise_n the_o dutch_a east-india_n company_n be_v establish_v which_o i_o shall_v have_v far_a occasion_n to_o discourse_v of_o by_o and_o by_o as_o for_o welwood_n epistle_n i_o have_v seldom_o observe_v that_o epistle_n have_v be_v cite_v in_o westminster-hall_n as_o authority_n yet_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v so_o that_o all_o loyal_a subject_n shall_v have_v their_o petition_n grant_v to_o safety_n and_o security_n in_o their_o trade_n i_o suppose_v welwood_n little_o dream_v of_o interloper_n when_o he_o talk_v of_o loyal_a subject_n if_o it_o can_v be_v mean_v only_o of_o such_o who_o may_v trade_v by_o law_n that_o be_v to_o beg_v the_o question_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n as_o to_o that_o of_o britton_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v common_a it_o be_v answer_v by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o and_o welwood_n page_n 66._o say_v that_o by_o common_a or_o publicum_fw-la be_v mean_v a_o thing_n common_a for_o the_o use_v of_o any_o one_o sort_n of_o people_n according_a to_o that_o say_n roma_fw-la communis_fw-la patria_fw-la est_fw-la but_o not_o for_o all_o of_o all_o nation_n welwood_n page_n 66._o that_o passage_n of_o burrough_n be_v only_o observe_v to_o prove_v the_o king_n prerogative_n within_o the_o four_o sea_n and_o though_o mr._n william_n will_v have_v insinuate_v as_o the_o sturgeon_n and_o other_o great_a fish_n and_o wreck_n and_o the_o like_a have_v come_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 17._o e._n 3._o c._n 11._o that_o act_n be_v but_o a_o declaration_n of_o the_o common_a law_n for_o he_o have_v it_o by_o the_o right_n of_o his_o prerogative_n plowden_n commentary_n in_o the_o case_n of_o mine_n cook_n 5._o sir_n henry_n constable_n case_n these_o thing_n be_v vest_v in_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n by_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o i_o can_v but_o observe_v that_o the_o treatise_n of_o mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la on_o which_o mr._n williams_n so_o much_o rely_v be_v crafty_o write_v to_o overthrow_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o that_o beneficial_a part_n thereof_o relate_v to_o the_o fish_n on_o the_o english_a coast_n and_o contain_v a_o plain_a proclamation_n for_o all_o person_n of_o any_o nation_n indifferent_o to_o fish_n in_o all_o kind_n of_o sea_n for_o say_v cap._n 5._o fol._n 10._o quae_fw-la autem_fw-la navigationis_fw-la eadem_fw-la piscatus_fw-la habenda_fw-la est_fw-la ratio_fw-la ut_fw-la communis_fw-la maneat_fw-la omnibus_fw-la and_o herein_o though_o mr._n william_n intend_v to_o make_v good_a the_o premise_n i_o presume_v that_o mr._n pollexfen_n that_o argue_v on_o the_o same_o side_n have_v a_o great_a concern_v for_o his_o friend_n in_o the_o west_n than_o to_o join_v with_o he_o to_o make_v good_a that_o conclusion_n and_o before_o i_o go_v off_o from_o this_o point_n i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o the_o better_a to_o clear_v the_o way_n to_o my_o conclusion_n to_o give_v some_o instance_n wherein_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o our_o own_o have_v not_o only_o think_v it_o legal_a but_o necessary_a for_o their_o several_a public_a advantage_n to_o put_v restriction_n upon_o trade_n and_o do_v not_o think_v it_o injurious_a to_o natural_a equity_n and_o the_o freedom_n of_o mankind_n so_o much_o discourse_v of_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o give_v some_o few_o instance_n videmus_fw-la jura_n commerciorum_fw-la say_v bodin_n de_fw-fr repub._n lib._n 1._o chap._n 7._o non_fw-la solum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la populorum_fw-la principumque_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la conventis_fw-la verumetiam_fw-la singularum_fw-la statutis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o after_o he_o have_v enumerate_v the_o compact_n for_o trade_n between_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o venetian_n between_o the_o citizen_n of_o the_o hantz_n town_n and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n france_n spain_n and_o several_a other_o country_n illi_fw-la say_v he_o inter_fw-la se_fw-la commercium_fw-la multis_fw-la modis_fw-la personarum_fw-la mercium_fw-la locorum_fw-la temporum_fw-la atque_fw-la omni_fw-la aliâ_fw-la ratione_fw-la coarctarunt_fw-la so_o be_v marguardus_fw-la fol._n 155._o and_o buchanan_n in_o his_o seven_o book_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o in_o all_o country_n the_o importation_n and_o exportation_n of_o some_o commodity_n be_v prohibit_v as_o salt_n from_o france_n horse_n from_o other_o country_n wool_n from_o hence_o in_o whosoever_o that_o power_n of_o restraint_n do_v remain_v the_o power_n of_o licens_v some_o and_o restrain_v of_o other_o sure_o do_v also_o remain_v by_o parity_n of_o reason_n but_o of_o that_o more_o by_o and_o by_o and_o as_o mr._n attorney_n do_v true_o observe_v upon_o perusal_n of_o the_o statute_n that_o be_v now_o in_o print_n relate_v to_o trade_n the_o parliament_n have_v in_o all_o age_n even_o to_o this_o king_n reign_n since_o his_o restauration_n think_v fit_a to_o make_v more_o law_n to_o prohibit_v foreign_a trade_n than_o to_o increase_v it_o as_o look_v upon_o it_o more_o advantageous_a to_o the_o common-weal_n and_o thus_o have_v observe_v that_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o we_o have_v not_o only_o think_v it_o legal_a but_o necessary_a to_o make_v law_n for_o the_o restraint_n of_o trade_n and_o thereby_o think_v they_o do_v no_o injustice_n to_o the_o liberty_n of_o mankind_n iii_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o step._n i_o shall_v therefore_o three_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o foreign_a trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v introduce_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n aught_o to_o be_v govern_v and_o judge_v according_a to_o those_o law_n and_o i_o do_v not_o know_v of_o any_o statute_n or_o book_n of_o the_o common_a law_n now_o in_o print_n that_o do_v oppose_v this_o assertion_n coke_n 3_o inst._n fol._n 181._o in_o the_o margin_n cite_v by_o the_o defendant_n council_n at_o the_o bar_n commercium_fw-la say_v he_o jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la nay_o it_o be_v the_o express_a text_n of_o the_o law_n ex_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la commercia_fw-la sunt_fw-la instituta_fw-la which_o be_v lay_v down_o as_o undeniable_o true_a and_o so_o admit_v to_o be_v by_o the_o defendant_n council_n i_o will_v infer_v from_o thence_o since_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o the_o natural_a reason_n of_o thing_n all_o controversy_n arise_v about_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o same_o law_n especial_o where_o there_o be_v no_o positive_a and_o express_a law_n in_o that_o country_n where_o such_o controversy_n do_v arise_v to_o determine_v they_o by_o and_o mr._n williams_n seem_v to_o allow_v that_o these_o be_v no_o such_o law_n in_o this_o kingdom_n for_o he_o think_v that_o the_o controversy_n now_o before_o we_o be_v not_o to_o be_v decide_v but_o by_o parliament_n all_o other_o nation_n have_v govern_v themselves_o by_o this_o principle_n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n stand_v the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o this_o kingdom_n viz._n that_o there_o may_v be_v uniform_a judgement_n give_v there_o to_o all_o other_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n in_o cause_n relate_v to_o commerce_n navigation_n and_o the_o like_a and_o in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o common_a and_o statute_n law_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v too_o straight_o and_o narrow_a to_o govern_v and_o decide_v difference_n arise_v
other_o felon_n and_o make_v use_n of_o his_o prerogative_n to_o let_v all_o malefactor_n escape_v the_o king_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o honour_n as_o well_o as_o of_o justice_n and_o in_o virtue_n of_o that_o prerogative_n may_v ennoble_v as_o many_o of_o his_o subject_n as_o he_o please_v and_o thereby_o exempt_v they_o from_o arrest_n and_o other_o common_a process_n of_o the_o law_n by_o mean_n whereof_o man_n do_v more_o speedy_o recover_v their_o just_a debt_n and_o have_v redress_n for_o injury_n be_v it_o therefore_o to_o be_v presume_v the_o king_n will_v make_v such_o a_o glut_n of_o nobleman_n because_o he_o may_v do_v it_o and_o as_o this_o be_v against_o his_o inclination_n so_o certain_o it_o be_v against_o his_o interest_n to_o make_v such_o grant_n as_o the_o defendant_n council_n seem_v to_o fear_v for_o it_o be_v more_o for_o the_o king_n benefit_n than_o it_o can_v be_v for_o his_o subject_n the_o great_a the_o importation_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v for_o from_o thence_o arise_v his_o custom_n and_o imposition_n those_o necessary_a support_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o therefore_o in_o some_o sense_n the_o king_n be_v the_o only_a person_n true_o concern_v in_o this_o question_n for_o this_o island_n support_v its_o inhabitant_n in_o many_o age_n without_o any_o foreign_a trade_n at_o all_o have_v in_o it_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o life_n of_o man._n terra_fw-la suis_fw-la contenta_fw-la bonis_fw-la non_fw-la indiga_fw-la mercis_fw-la say_v the_o poet._n and_o true_o i_o think_v if_o at_o this_o day_n most_o of_o the_o east-india_n commodity_n be_v absolute_o prohibit_v though_o it_o may_v be_v injurious_a as_o to_o the_o profit_n of_o some_o few_o trader_n it_o will_v not_o be_v so_o to_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o therefore_o as_o i_o have_v offer_v these_o few_o instance_n to_o prove_v the_o king_n shall_v have_v such_o a_o prerogative_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o come_v to_o show_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v exercise_v this_o their_o prerogative_n in_o all_o age_n and_o as_o the_o king_n have_v the_o power_n of_o restraint_n of_o foreign_a trade_n so_o he_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n when_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o use_v that_o power_n which_o seem_v plain_o to_o be_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o i_o think_v mr._n williams_n remark_n of_o the_o difficulty_n of_o this_o case_n that_o it_o shall_v necessitate_v the_o king_n to_o call_v a_o parliament_n to_o assist_v he_o with_o power_n to_o determine_v this_o question_n be_v not_o to_o be_v pass_v by_o without_o some_o observation_n god_n be_v praise_v it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o call_v and_o dissolve_v parliament_n when_o and_o how_o he_o please_v and_o he_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n of_o these_o ardua_fw-la regni_fw-la that_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a to_o consult_v with_o the_o parliament_n about_o and_o mr._n williams_n will_v do_v well_o to_o save_v himself_o the_o trouble_n of_o advise_v the_o king_n of_o what_o thing_n be_v fit_a for_o he_o to_o consult_v with_o his_o parliament_n about_o till_o such_o time_n as_o he_o be_v thereunto_o call_v but_o it_o have_v be_v too_o much_o practise_v at_o this_o and_o other_o bar_n in_o westminster-hall_n of_o late_a year_n to_o captivate_v the_o lay_n gens_n by_o lessen_v the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n and_o advancing_z i_o have_v almost_o say_v the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o people_n and_o from_o hence_o come_v the_o many_o mischief_n to_o the_o king_n subject_n in_o part_n abroad_o by_o make_v the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n think_v so_o inconsiderable_a as_o though_o he_o be_v a_o mere_a duke_n of_o venice_n be_v absolute_o dependent_a upon_o his_o parliament_n will_v it_o not_o be_v mighty_o for_o the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n think_v you_o that_o the_o emperor_n of_o fez_n and_o morocco_n or_o any_o prince_n of_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o world_n shall_v be_v tell_v that_o mr._n sands_n one_o of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n subject_n come_v into_o the_o emperor_n territory_n against_o his_o prince_n consent_n and_o that_o he_o have_v no_o power_n to_o hinder_v he_o unless_o he_o will_v consult_v with_o all_o his_o noble_n and_o the_o representative_n of_o all_o his_o common_a subject_n to_o assist_v therein_o will_v not_o the_o emperor_n believe_v sand_n to_o be_v the_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o two_o but_o though_o such_o sort_n of_o declamation_n be_v so_o much_o for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o believe_v yet_o i_o think_v they_o have_v the_o same_o tendency_n of_o duty_n and_o service_n to_o the_o king_n with_o some_o other_o matter_n that_o of_o late_o have_v happen_v among_o we_o viz._n some_o have_v be_v so_o concern_v as_o well_o for_o the_o safety_n and_o security_n of_o his_o majesty_n sacred_a person_n and_o to_o make_v he_o formidable_a to_o his_o rebellious_a subject_n at_o home_n as_o to_o desire_v that_o his_o guard_n may_v be_v discharge_v because_o it_o look_v as_o though_o he_o design_v to_o rule_v by_o a_o stand_a army_n and_o to_o show_v their_o tenderness_n to_o his_o sacred_a life_n will_v have_v he_o remove_v from_o the_o assistance_n of_o evil_a counselor_n as_o they_o call_v they_o and_o put_v himself_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o assassinate_v as_o though_o one_o murder_v prince_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v that_o piece_n of_o state-policy_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o age_n and_o in_o order_n that_o he_o may_v have_v sufficient_a to_o support_v the_o necessity_n as_o well_o as_o dignity_n of_o a_o crown_n which_o all_o good_a subject_n be_v zealous_a for_o some_o of_o late_o have_v industrious_o endeavour_v to_o have_v prevent_v he_o from_o be_v able_a to_o borrow_v any_o money_n upon_o the_o credit_n of_o any_o part_n of_o his_o revenue_n a_o privilege_n that_o the_o mean_a of_o the_o person_n concern_v in_o that_o question_n will_v think_v themselves_o high_o injure_v to_o be_v debar_v of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a attempt_n if_o not_o prevent_v will_v render_v the_o king_n and_o his_o government_n low_a and_o despicable_a in_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o as_o for_o the_o instance_n between_o a_o denizen_n and_o a_o man_n naturalize_v i_o think_v it_o rather_o make_v against_o than_o for_o mr._n williams_n conclusion_n as_o to_o the_o main_a question_n for_o though_o the_o king_n can_v naturalize_v a_o man_n and_o thereby_o give_v he_o inheritable_a blood_n as_o a_o natural_a bear_v subject_a to_o inherit_v land_n yet_o he_o may_v make_v a_o alien_n a_o denizen_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o become_v to_o have_v as_o much_o privilege_n as_o any_o of_o the_o king_n be_v natural_a subject_n have_v as_o to_o trade_n and_o commerce_n which_o be_v the_o only_a question_n now_o before_o we_o and_o i_o can_v help_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v in_o great_a regard_n abroad_o and_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o more_o prosperous_a at_o home_n when_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v more_o absolute_a than_o now_o it_o be_v therefore_o it_o be_v our_o duty_n as_o good_a judge_n as_o well_o as_o good_a subject_n to_o endeavour_v to_o support_v it_o as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v by_o law._n and_o so_o i_o proceed_v to_o mention_v some_o precedent_n and_o authority_n whereby_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v in_o all_o age_n exercise_v this_o part_n of_o their_o prerogative_n of_o restrain_v dispose_v and_o order_v matter_n of_o commerce_n and_o foreign_a trade_n by_o royal_a licence_n charter_n and_o dispensation_n and_o herein_o i_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o as_o much_o brevity_n as_o i_o can_v only_o in_o produce_v some_o few_o of_o those_o many_o instance_n which_o be_v with_o great_a care_n and_o industry_n find_v out_o by_o mr._n attorney_n and_o mr._n solicitor_n and_o by_o they_o so_o learned_o and_o proper_o apply_v to_o the_o case_n in_o question_n i._o therefore_o it_o have_v be_v well_o observe_v that_o the_o staple_n which_o be_v the_o common_a and_o public_a mart_n for_o all_o merchant_n to_o resort_v to_o be_v first_o erect_v by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n without_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o it_o do_v plain_o appear_v by_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n mention_v at_o the_o bar_n either_o for_o set_v the_o place_n or_o enlarge_n the_o commodity_n that_o be_v permit_v to_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o staple_n for_o sure_o in_o all_o time_n when_o the_o staple_n be_v fix_v in_o the_o dominion_n of_o any_o other_o prince_n that_o must_v be_v do_v by_o league_n which_o none_o can_v make_v but_o the_o king._n to_o instance_n one_o authority_n for_o all_o the_o stat._n 2_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 9_o
wherever_o we_o please_v or_o will_v not_o they_o rather_o say_v we_o have_v a_o pass_v from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o rely_v upon_o that_o which_o presume_v treaty_n league_n and_o truce_n between_o prince_n and_o in_o case_n that_o will_v not_o prevail_v the_o king_n will_v see_v they_o right_v and_o in_o the_o charter_n that_o be_v now_o before_o we_o there_o be_v a_o particular_a restriction_n and_o limitation_n of_o trade_n to_o any_o prince_n in_o amity_n with_o our_o king._n now_o as_o the_o constant_a usage_n and_o practice_n of_o other_o country_n warrant_v such_o society_n as_o these_o so_o do_v we_o too_o for_o as_o i_o say_v the_o hanse_v town_n be_v some_o of_o the_o first_o corporation_n of_o trade_n that_o we_o read_v of_o in_o history_n so_o be_v it_o think_v the_o interest_n of_o england_n to_o support_v and_o encourage_v they_o k._n h._n iii_o give_v they_o great_a privilege_n and_o the_o still_a yard_n for_o their_o residence_n which_o they_o enjoy_v near_o three_o hundred_o year_n manage_v their_o trade_n by_o a_o alderman_n and_o council_n call_v the_o guild_n of_o the_o hanse_n engross_a the_o trade_n of_o england_n for_o grain_n cables_n mast_n pitch_n tar_n etc._n etc._n and_o under_o that_o colour_n the_o jacobsons_n at_o this_o day_n claim_v several_a privilege_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o many_o historian_n that_o the_o most_o flourish_a trade_n have_v be_v begin_v by_o unite_a stock_n and_o policy_n in_o this_o kingdom_n a_o patent_n be_v first_o obtain_v for_o the_o erect_v the_o staple_n from_o e._n 3._o before_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n intermedle_v in_o that_o trade_n and_o proceed_v under_o several_a regulation_n till_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n eliz._n in_o the_o book_n i_o cite_v before_o malyns_n lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la fol._n 150._o say_v this_o company_n of_o merchant_n be_v above_o four_o hundred_o year_n stand_v as_o that_o book_n reckon_v from_o 1248._o when_o the_o say_v merchant_n obtain_v privilege_n of_o john_n duke_n of_o brabant_n and_o be_v call_v the_o brotherhood_n of_o st._n thomas_n becket_n of_o canterbury_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o king_n e._n 3._o h._n 4._o h._n 5._o e._n 4._o h._n 6._o r._n 3._o h._n 7._o who_o give_v they_o the_o name_n of_o merchant-adventurer_n and_o after_o he_o confirm_v by_o h._n 8._o e._n 6._o q._n m._n q._n eliz._n and_o king_n james_n not_o without_o many_o enemy_n and_o opposer_n especial_o say_v that_o book_n of_o late_a tax_v they_o to_o be_v monopoly_n and_o unprofitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v that_o all_o our_o clothes_n be_v not_o dress_v and_o die_v in_o england_n yet_o it_o still_o prevail_v as_o be_v think_v for_o public_a good_a and_o its_o observable_a that_o queen_n eliz._n do_v not_o only_o confirm_v what_o be_v do_v by_o her_o predecessor_n but_o augment_v and_o great_o enlarge_v the_o privilege_n of_o this_o ancient_a company_n and_o confirm_v the_o charter_n on_o the_o muscovy_n company_n grant_v by_o philip_n and_o mary_n and_o set_v up_o several_a other_o company_n as_o that_o of_o exeter_n mention_v at_o the_o bar_n the_o east-india_n company_n the_o levant_n and_o the_o east-land_n company_n and_o although_o that_o ancient_a and_o beneficial_a company_n of_o stapler_n be_v often_o oppose_v by_o particular_a person_n and_o complain_v of_o as_o a_o monopoly_n entrench_v upon_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a in_o several_a parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 4._o h._n 7._o e._n 6._o and_o q._n mary_n yet_o all_o party_n be_v hear_v these_o complaint_n be_v full_o answer_v and_o the_o company_n privilege_n ratify_v and_o enlarge_v again_o in_o queen_n eliz._n time_n the_o cloathier_n have_v prevail_v against_o the_o company_n the_o clothing_n country_n be_v almost_o quick_o ruin_v and_o reduce_v to_o that_o extremity_n that_o the_o 29_o eliz._n the_o lord_n of_o the_o council_n send_v for_o the_o member_n of_o that_o company_n desire_v they_o to_o reassume_v their_o privilege_n and_o cheerful_o to_o proceed_v in_o their_o society_n with_o assurance_n of_o all_o countenance_n and_o assistance_n from_o the_o government_n and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n after_o several_a interloper_n have_v endeavour_v to_o destroy_v the_o company_n the_o king_n publish_v his_o proclamation_n to_o restore_v the_o company_n to_o its_o ancient_a privilege_n so_o do_v king_n charles_n the_o first_o 7._o dec._n 34._o recite_v whereas_o we_o have_v take_v into_o our_o princely_a consideration_n the_o manifold_a benefit_n that_o redound_v to_o this_o kingdom_n and_o find_v how_o much_o order_n and_o government_n will_v conduce_v to_o the_o increase_n and_o advancement_n of_o the_o same_o we_o have_v think_v fit_a with_o the_o advice_n of_o our_o privy_a council_n etc._n etc._n there_o he_o give_v a_o establishment_n to_o the_o company_n and_o prohibit_v any_o to_o intrudeupon_o their_o privilege_n upon_o pain_n of_o such_o punishment_n as_o the_o star-chamber_n shall_v inflict_v since_o this_o it_o may_v be_v worth_a consideration_n whether_o the_o break_n of_o this_o company_n have_v not_o occasion_v the_o great_a decay_n of_o our_o trade_n in_o wool_n it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o reason_n that_o as_o no_o law_n can_v be_v effectual_a without_o court_n of_o justice_n to_o put_v they_o in_o execution_n nor_o a_o straggle_a army_n subsist_v without_o discipline_n so_o a_o straggle_a trade_n manage_v by_o particular_a person_n whilst_o every_o one_o strive_v to_o advance_v his_o own_o private_a interest_n will_v ruin_v the_o trade_n in_o general_n especial_o such_o a_o hazardous_a trade_n as_o this_o to_o the_o east-indies_n which_o already_o have_v be_v so_o chargeable_a and_o can_v only_o be_v prevent_v by_o the_o conduct_n and_o government_n of_o a_o public_a society_n and_o sure_o to_o look_v after_o and_o settle_v these_o matter_n proper_o belong_v to_o the_o care_n and_o prudence_n of_o our_o governor_n now_o i_o shall_v observe_v how_o the_o practice_n have_v be_v both_o in_o qeen_n elizabeth_n time_n and_o ever_o since_o and_o that_o although_o many_o charter_n like_o we_o at_o the_o bar_n have_v be_v grant_v and_o none_o ever_o demand_v by_o any_o judgement_n in_o westminster-hall_n or_o so_o much_o as_o object_v against_o save_v only_o that_o of_o the_o canary_n patent_n till_o this_o cause_n at_o the_o bar_n and_o though_o several_a attempt_n have_v be_v make_v both_o in_o parliament_n and_o in_o the_o court_n at_o westminster-hall_n against_o monopoly_n yet_o this_o charter_n and_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n be_v never_o look_v upon_o under_o that_o character_n for_o instance_n i._o a_o charter_n be_v grant_v 2._o of_o eliz._n to_o the_o merchant_n of_o exeter_n for_o the_o sole_a trade_n of_o france_n exclude_v all_o other_o merchant_n of_o exeter_n not_o of_o that_o company_n continue_v undisturbed_a and_o prevail_v against_o a_o great_a opposition_n that_o be_v make_v against_o it_o in_o parliament_n king_n edward_n vi_o and_o king_n philip_n and_o mary_n have_v grant_v a_o charter_n like_o we_o to_o the_o russia_n company_n which_o continue_v in_o peace_n till_o the_o 8._o of_o the_o queen_n when_o the_o parliament_n take_v notice_n of_o that_o patent_n think_v fit_a to_o confirm_v it_o with_o all_o the_o commendation_n imaginable_a and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o think_v it_o a_o monopoly_n that_o it_o say_v the_o commonwealth_n before_o that_o time_n have_v receive_v great_a advantage_n by_o it_o and_o grant_v and_o inflict_v great_a and_o other_o penalty_n than_o be_v or_o can_v be_v inflict_v by_o the_o letter_n patent_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o there_o be_v some_o interloper_n upon_o that_o trade_n in_o those_o day_n and_o have_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o forfeiture_n inflict_v by_o those_o letter_n patent_n and_o be_v therefore_o force_v to_o apply_v themselves_o to_o that_o parliament_n and_o do_v obtain_v a_o special_a proviso_n to_o excuse_v those_o forfeiture_n which_o have_v not_o that_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v make_v they_o have_v be_v liable_a to_o which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o authority_n full_a as_o to_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar._n queen_n elizabeth_z during_o her_o reign_n grant_v several_a charter_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n which_o pass_v the_o perusal_n of_o her_o attorney_n and_o solicitor_n learned_a man_n in_o our_o profession_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o she_o reign_v my_o lord_n chief_a baron_n weston_n be_v solicitor_n sir_n gilbert_n gerrard_n attorney_n general_n and_o pass_v those_o patent_n both_o to_o the_o russia_n and_o exeter_n company_n 23_o eliz._n my_o lord_n chief_a justice_n popham_n be_v attorney_n and_o lord_n chancellor_n egerton_n solicitor_n in_o who_o time_n some_o few_o such_o charter_n be_v also_o grant_v like_o to_o this_o at_o the_o bar_n and_o then_o my_o lord_n cook_n be_v attorney_n general_n and_o my_o lord_n chief_a baron_n fleming_n solicitor_n general_n who_o approve_v thereof_o
so_o many_o learned_a man_n that_o they_o have_v be_v think_v for_o the_o public_a advantage_n of_o the_o nation_n by_o so_o many_o king_n and_o prince_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o their_o council_n both_o in_o and_o out_o of_o parliament_n that_o all_o statute_n and_o authority_n of_o law_n that_o we_o can_v meet_v with_o in_o our_o book_n affirm_v it_o and_o none_o that_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o oppose_v it_o that_o the_o east-india_n company_n have_v sole_o run_v the_o hazard_n and_o be_v at_o great_a expense_n in_o discover_v place_n erect_v fort_n and_o keep_v force_n settle_v factory_n and_o make_v league_n and_o treaty_n abroad_o it_o will_v be_v against_o natural_a justice_n and_o equity_n which_o no_o municipal_a law_n can_v take_v away_o for_o other_o to_o reap_v the_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n of_o all_o this_o especial_o since_o all_o this_o have_v be_v occasion_v by_o a_o act_n of_o the_o public_a and_o by_o the_o just_a prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n under_o which_o they_o claim_v so_o that_o now_o suppose_v the_o matter_n have_v be_v doubtful_a at_o the_o beginning_n as_o yet_o the_o contrary_n be_v evident_a yet_o after_o so_o many_o year_n undisputed_a and_o uniterrupted_a prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o company_n pursuant_n thereunto_o and_o yet_o the_o law_n have_v always_o be_v open_a to_o any_o subject_n who_o conceive_v themselves_o grieve_v that_o speech_n which_o josephus_n record_v of_o king_n agrippa_n to_o those_o jew_n who_o after_o many_o year_n endeavour_v to_o recover_v their_o lose_a pretence_n may_v be_v apply_v to_o these_o clamorous_a interloper_n intempestivum_fw-la est_fw-la nunc_fw-la libertatem_fw-la concupiscere_fw-la olim_fw-la ne_fw-la amitteretur_fw-la certatum_fw-la oportuit_fw-la non_fw-la amantes_fw-la libertatis_fw-la dicendi_fw-la estis_fw-la sed_fw-la subditi_fw-la contumaces_fw-la and_o so_o the_o roman_n answer_v antiochus_n to_o show_v the_o injustice_n of_o his_o demand_n that_o he_o require_v those_o city_n which_o his_o precessor_n for_o so_o many_o year_n have_v never_o enjoy_v and_o queen_n elizabeth_n plead_v against_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o the_o right_n of_o fish_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n and_o new-island_n that_o neither_o his_o great_a grandfather_n grandfather_n nor_o father_n have_v exact_v any_o thing_n for_o it_o and_o therefore_o conclude_v it_o to_o be_v unjust_a cambden_n eliz_n sub_fw-la anno_fw-la 1600._o so_o that_o i_o conclude_v the_o first_o and_o as_o i_o conceive_v the_o only_a point_n in_o this_o case_n that_o letter_n patent_n that_o give_v licence_n and_o liberty_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n to_o exercise_v the_o sole_a trade_n to_o the_o indies_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o grant_n exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o be_v a_o good_a grant_n in_o law._n ii_o i_o do_v conceive_v that_o the_o defendant_n trade_v to_o the_o indies_n contrary_a to_o this_o charter_n may_v be_v punish_v by_o information_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o king_n and_o that_o this_o action_n by_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v also_o well_o bring_v but_o in_o as_o much_o as_o i_o have_v detain_v you_o so_o long_o upon_o the_o first_o point_n i_o shall_v trespass_v upon_o your_o patience_n but_o a_o few_o word_n to_o this_o i._o therefore_o i_o conceive_v the_o plaintiff_n need_v not_o allege_v any_o special_a damage_n no_o more_o than_o the_o grantee_n of_o a_o fair_a market_n or_o any_o other_o franchise_n ii_o the_o action_n be_v bring_v and_o ground_v upon_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o sole_a and_o entire_a trade_n which_o as_o i_o conceive_v be_v a_o franchise_n the_o king_n may_v grant_v and_o be_v like_o the_o case_n of_o new_a invention_n upon_o which_o letter_n patent_n action_n be_v bring_v by_o every_o day_n experience_n and_o the_o prohibit_v clause_n be_v add_v only_o to_o make_v the_o thing_n more_o notorious_a and_o that_o interloper_n in_o case_n they_o shall_v be_v prosecute_v at_o the_o king_n suit_n shall_v be_v more_o inexcusable_a and_o until_o you_o can_v imagine_v there_o may_v be_v as_o many_o east-india_n company_n as_o there_o be_v commoner_n and_o schoolmaster_n in_o england_n mary_n case_n cook_n 9_o can_v never_o be_v think_v a_o objection_n as_o to_o the_o objection_n in_o the_o 11_o rep._n 88_o roll_n abridgement_n part_n 106._o darcy_n case_n that_o admit_v the_o grant_n or_o disponsation_n to_o darcy_n have_v be_v good_a for_o the_o sole_a import_v of_o foreign_a card_n yet_o that_o be_v only_o a_o dispensation_n to_o the_o stat._n of_o e._n 4._o and_o do_v only_o exclude_v darcy_n from_o the_o penalty_n of_o that_o act_n he_o can_v not_o maintian_a the_o action_n but_o if_o in_o case_n that_o grant_v have_v vest_v a_o interest_n as_o our_o grant_n at_o the_o bar_n do_v he_o may_v have_v bring_v a_o action_n as_o my_o lord_n roll_n say_v in_o the_o next_o paragraph_n may_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o darcy_n case_n the_o case_n upon_o patent_n of_o new_a invention_n be_v full_a authority_n in_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n and_o so_o be_v that_o case_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o westminster_n re._n fol._n 107._o wherein_o upon_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o market_n for_o thirty_o day_n exclusive_a of_o other_o be_v particular_o set_v forth_o in_o the_o action_n and_o the_o salisbury_n man_n that_o bring_v cloth_n to_o london_n and_o sell_v the_o same_o contrary_n to_o that_o charter_n be_v prosecute_v in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n upon_o the_o case_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o abbot_n and_o the_o writ_n conclude_v suppose_v the_o grant_v good_a in_o nostri_fw-la contemptum_fw-la &_o praedicti_fw-la abbatis_fw-la grave_n damnum_fw-la ac_fw-la fr._n &_o libertatum_fw-la suarum_fw-la praedictarum_fw-la laesionem_fw-la manifestam_fw-la which_o be_v a_o authority_n full_a as_o to_o this_o point_n upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o be_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o my_o brother_n and_o do_v conceive_v that_o that_o grant_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n of_o the_o sole_a trade_n to_o the_o indies_n exclusive_a of_o other_o be_v a_o good_a grant_n and_o that_o the_o action_n be_v well_o bring_v and_o therefore_o let_v the_o plaintiff_n take_v his_o judgement_n finis_fw-la roll_n be_v ab._n 2._o foe_n 214._o commons_o pray_v leave_v to_o export_v and_o import_v foreign_a good_n at_o their_o pleasure_n except_o good_n of_o the_o staple_n notwithstanding_o any_o proclamation_n to_o the_o contrary_n resp._n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr voet_n estre_fw-fr advice_n parson_n council_n
question_n for_o if_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n have_v the_o power_n of_o restrain_v and_o dispose_v foreign_a trade_n where_o act_n of_o parliament_n have_v not_o interpose_v as_o by_o the_o precedent_n already_o cite_v i_o conceive_v clear_o he_o have_v as_o inherent_a to_o his_o crown_n and_o therefore_o as_o he_o may_v restrain_v all_o so_o he_o may_v restrain_v any_o part_n by_o the_o same_o parity_n of_o reason_n if_o the_o king_n proclaim_v a_o war_n with_o any_o country_n which_o be_v a_o general_a prohibition_n of_o trade_n and_o shall_v order_v that_o john_n a_o style_n or_o a_o dozen_o or_o any_o great_a number_n of_o his_o subject_n etc._n etc._n and_o give_v they_o instruction_n to_o treat_v for_o a_o peace_n and_o the_o person_n so_o appoint_v shall_v carry_v on_o a_o trade_n will_v not_o mr._n sands_n do_v you_o think_v have_v as_o much_o reason_n to_o murmur_v that_o he_o be_v none_o of_o those_o ambassador_n as_o he_o have_v now_o by_o be_v not_o comprise_v within_o the_o charter_n and_o will_v it_o not_o be_v think_v a_o arrogancy_n and_o sauciness_n in_o he_o to_o demand_v a_o account_n of_o the_o instruction_n give_v by_o the_o king_n to_o such_o ambassador_n or_o dare_v he_o trade_n there_o till_o a_o peace_n be_v proclaim_v with_o that_o country_n and_o the_o gloss_n upon_o that_o law_n say_v mercatores_fw-la non_fw-la faciant_fw-la inter_fw-la monopolium_n de_fw-mi re_fw-mi non_fw-la vendenda_fw-la nisi_fw-la pro_fw-la certo_fw-la pretio_fw-la vel_fw-la de_fw-la non_fw-la exercendo_fw-la officium_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la eos_fw-la recipiatur_fw-la officiales_fw-la &_o socios_fw-la possunt_fw-la tamen_fw-la haec_fw-la facere_fw-la cum_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o scientia_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o contra_fw-la facientes_fw-la perpetuo_fw-la exulabunt_fw-la &_o eorum_fw-la bona_fw-la regi_fw-la applicantur_fw-la exit_fw-la privilegio_fw-la ergo_fw-la regis_fw-la possunt_fw-la similiter_fw-la &_o consuetudine_fw-la vel_fw-la praescriptione_n quia_fw-la quod_fw-la privilegio_fw-la acquiritur_fw-la etiam_fw-la praescriptione_n acquiri_fw-la potest_fw-la and_o there_o quote_v ubi_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quod_fw-la potest_fw-la concedi_fw-la privilegium_fw-la quod_fw-la quis_fw-la solus_fw-la piscetur_fw-la in_o certa_fw-la parte_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o alias_o potest_fw-la prohibere_fw-la 3._o in_o france_n monopoly_n be_v prohibit_v also_o sub_fw-la poena_fw-la confiscationis_fw-la corporis_fw-la &_o bonorum_fw-la indict_v const._n fr._n 1._o art._n 191._o notwithstanding_o which_o there_o be_v establish_v several_a corporation_n for_o trade_n i_o will_v name_v but_o two_o anno_fw-la 1657._o the_o french_a king_n make_v a_o grant_n of_o the_o sole_a fishery_n in_o his_o dominion_n to_o a_o society_n exclude_v other_o upon_o pain_n that_o interloper_n shall_v incur_v the_o penalty_n de_fw-fr confiscation_n des_fw-fr vaisseaux_fw-fr &_o merchantdize_n &_o de_fw-fr dix_fw-fr mille_fw-fr liures_fw-fr d'_fw-fr amends_n aytz._n vol._n 4._o pag._n 207._o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1664._o the_o east-india_n company_n by_o his_o declaration_n with_o a_o exclusion_n to_o all_o other_o like_o our_o east-india_n company_n p._n 74_o 75._o in_o the_o unite_a province_n the_o law_n against_o monopoly_n be_v the_o same_o yet_o there_o always_o be_v several_a trade_n corporation_n exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o 3_o june_n 1621._o in_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o dutch_a west-india_n company_n it_o be_v grant_v thus_o and_o in_o case_n any_o one_o shall_v go_v to_o or_o negotiate_v in_o any_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a place_n grant_v to_o this_o company_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o say_a company_n it_o shall_v be_v upon_o pain_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o such_o ship_n and_o good_n as_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o trade_n in_o those_o coast_n and_o place_n which_o be_v present_o and_o on_o all_o side_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o say_a company_n set_v upon_o taken_z and_o as_o forfeit_v shall_v be_v and_o remain_v to_o the_o use_v of_o the_o say_a company_n aytz._n vol._n 1._o p._n 62._o sess._n 1._o and_o in_o case_n such_o ship_n or_o good_n be_v sell_v or_o fly_v into_o land_n or_o havens_n the_o riggers_n and_o part-owner_n thereof_o shall_v and_o may_v be_v distrain_v to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o say_a ship_n and_o good_n that_o the_o aforesaid_a company_n shall_v within_o the_o say_a limit_n make_v governor_n officer_n of_o war_n and_o justice_n and_o for_o the_o other_o necessary_a service_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o place_n and_o maintain_v of_o good_a order_n policy_n and_o justice_n and_o the_o advancement_n of_o their_o trade_n shall_v appoint_v dispose_n and_o displace_v and_o substitute_v other_o in_o their_o place_n as_o they_o shall_v find_v their_o affair_n do_v require_v all_o ship_n come_v to_o any_o place_n where_o the_o company_n have_v their_o garrison_n and_o government_n shall_v not_o transport_v thence_o any_o man_n good_n or_o money_n without_o leave_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o council_n upon_o the_o pain_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o six_o month_n wage_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o grant_n to_o the_o dutch_a india_n company_n 20._o mar._n 1602._o that_o no_o body_n of_o what_o quality_n or_o condition_n soever_o shall_v for_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o one_o year_n pass_v eastward_n of_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n upon_o forfeiture_n of_o ship_n and_o good_n aytz._n 1._o vol._n fol._n 157._o that_o the_o say_a company_n may_v appoint_v governor_n and_o office_n of_o war_n and_o justice_n and_o for_o other_o necessary_a service_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o place_n and_o maintenance_n of_o good_a order_n policy_n and_o justice_n the_o say_v officer_n to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n to_o the_o state_n general_n and_o of_o fidelity_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v trade_n and_o traffic_n to_o the_o company_n and_o afterward_o the_o 9th_o of_o sept._n 1606._o a_o placaet_n be_v publish_v that_o no_o body_n direct_o or_o indirect_o shall_v pass_v or_o trade_n beyond_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o ship_n or_o good_n which_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o have_v do_v or_o to_o do_v so_o and_o though_o they_o shall_v absent_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o unite_a province_n yet_o the_o sentence_n shall_v go_v on_o and_o be_v decree_v and_o execute_v with_o the_o present_a confiscation_n and_o sell_v of_o their_o good_n action_n and_o credit_n idem_fw-la page_n 158._o and_o sure_o the_o dutch_a have_v be_v always_o by_o we_o esteem_v as_o our_o great_a and_o most_o dangerous_a rival_n in_o trade_n and_o as_o for_o the_o reason_n and_o necessity_n of_o establish_v this_o way_n of_o trade_n by_o company_n see_v the_o judgement_n of_o thuanus_n lib._n hist._n 124._o &_o 130._o where_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o east-indies_n he_o say_v thus_o diversis_fw-la itineribus_fw-la huius_fw-la regionis_fw-la incolarumque_fw-la ingeniis_fw-la cognitis_fw-la tanta_fw-la frequentiâ_fw-la à _fw-la privatis_fw-la haec_fw-la ipsa_fw-la navigatio_fw-la &_o commercium_fw-la exercitum_fw-la fuit_fw-la ut_fw-la alter_fw-la alterum_fw-la fere_n ivisset_fw-la perditum_fw-la ad_fw-la obviandum_fw-la itaque_fw-la huic_fw-la malo_fw-la visum_fw-la fuit_fw-la an._n 1602._o quibusdam_fw-la huius_fw-la navigationis_fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la praepotentum_fw-la ordinum_fw-la consensu_fw-la certum_fw-la constituere_fw-la corpus_fw-la cujus_fw-la tantummodo_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o indian_n be_v infidel_n be_v by_o law_n esteem_v common_a enemy_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o my_o lord_n cook_n in_o michelboum_n case_n i_o think_v therefore_o to_o be_v law_n notwithstanding_o the_o objection_n that_o have_v be_v make_v against_o it_o which_o none_o of_o our_o book_n warrant_v now_o the_o king_n by_o his_o charter_n make_v the_o plaintiff_n as_o it_o be_v his_o ambassador_n to_o concert_v aâ—_n peace_n and_o mr_n sands_n murmur_v because_o he_o be_v not_o one_o of_o they_o the_o king_n may_v grant_v a_o fair_a or_o market_n to_o every_o subject_a he_o have_v but_o because_o he_o grant_v that_o privilege_n to_o some_o of_o his_o subject_n have_v the_o rest_n any_o just_a ground_n of_o complaint_n because_o the_o king_n may_v pardon_v every_o offender_n but_o will_v not_o pardon_v any_o highwayman_n now_o in_o newgate_n must_v those_o goal-bird_n therefore_o think_v themselves_o injure_v in_o their_o liberty_n and_o property_n because_o the_o king_n grant_v to_o his_o town_n of_o hull_n that_o no_o other_o ship_n shall_v be_v there_o freight_v for_o foreign_a part_n till_o the_o ship_n of_o that_o town_n be_v first_o freight_v as_o he_o do_v rot._n claus._n 41._o e._n 3._o memb_v 25._o do_v london_n dover_n or_o any_o other_o town_n of_o trade_n complain_v will_v any_o of_o these_o gentleman_n that_o contend_v for_o this_o liberty_n of_o trade_n adventure_n with_o their_o fortune_n to_o algiers_n and_o when_o they_o be_v seize_v upon_o by_o the_o algierines_n tell_v they_o we_o be_v englishman_n and_o we_o have_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o many_o statute_n of_o our_o kingdom_n which_o support_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a a_o freedom_n to_o trade_v