Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	john_n	lord_n	treasurer_n	3,143	5	10.7684	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09010	Paradisi in sole paradisus terrestris. or A garden of all sorts of pleasant flowers which our English ayre will permitt to be noursed vp with a kitchen garden of all manner of herbes, rootes, & fruites, for meate or sause vsed with vs, and an orchard of all sorte of fruitbearing trees and shrubbes fit for our land together with the right orderinge planting & preseruing of them and their vses & vertues collected by Iohn Parkinson apothecary of London 1629.	Parkinson, John, 1567-1650.; Switzer, A., wood-engraver.	1629 (1629)	STC 19300; ESTC S115360	643,750	600

Lilly last described but much greater then in any other of the Spider-worts of a pure white colour with some threeds in the middle tipt with yellow and a small forked pointell after the flowers are past the heads or seede vessels grow almost three square yet somewhat round wherein is contained blackish seede the rootes are many white round thicke brittle strings ioyned together at the head but are nothing so long as the rootes of the other Phalangia or Spider-worts 2. Phalangium maius Italicum album The great Italian Spider-wort This great Spider-wort hath diuers long and narrow leaues spread vpon the ground and not rising vp as the former and not so broad also as the former but somewhat larger then those that follow the stalke is bigger but seldome riseth vp so as the next whereof this is a larger kinde hauing a long vnbranched stalke of white flower laid open like starres as it hath but somewhat greater the rootes are long and white like the next but somewhat larger 3. Phalangium non ramosum vulgare Vnbranched Spider-wort The leaues of this Spider-wort doe seeme to bee little bigger or longer then the leaues of grasse but of a more grayish green colour rising immediately from the head or tuft of rootes among which rise vp one or two stalkes sometimes two or three foote long beset toward the toppe with many white Starre-like flowers which after they are past turne into small round heads containing blacke feede like vnto the seed of the little yellow Asphodill but lesser the rootes are long white strings running vnder ground 4. Phalangium ramosum Branched Spider-wort The branched Spider-wort hath his leaues somewhat broader then the former and of a more yellowish greene colour the stalke hereof is diuersly branched at the top bearing many white flowers like vnto the former but smaller the seedes and rootes are like the former in all things 1 Phalangium Allobrogicum The Sauoye Spider-wort 2 Phalangium non ramosum Vnbranched Spider-wort 3 Phalangium ramosum Branched Spider-wort 4 Phalangium Ephemerum Virginianum Iohn Tradescante's Spider-wort The Place The first groweth on the Hils neare vnto Sauoye from whence diuers allured with the beauty of the flower haue brought it into these parts The second came vp in my Garden from the seede receiued out of Italy The others grow in Spaine France c. The Time The vnbranched Spider-wort most commonly flowreth before all the other and the branched a moneth after it the other two about one time that is towards the end of May and not much after the vnbranched kinde The Names The first as I said before hath beene taken to be a white Lilliasphodill and called Liliasphodelus flore albo but Clusius hath more properly entituled it a Phalangium and from the place of his originall gaue him his other denomination and so is called of most as is set downe in the title The other haue no other names then are expressed in their titles but only that Cordus calleth them Liliago and Dodonaeus lib. 4. hist. plant would make the branched kinde to bee Moly alterum Plinij but without any good ground The Vertues The names Phalangium and Phalangites were imposed on these plants because they were found effectuall to cure the poyson of that kinde of Spider called Phalangium as also of Scorpions and other Serpents Wee doe not know that any Physitian hath vsed them to any such or any other purpose in our dayes 5. Phalangium Ephemerum Virginianum Ioannis Tradescant The soon fading Spider-wort of Virginia or Tradescant his Spider-wort This Spider-wort is of late knowledge and for it the Christian world is indebted vnto that painfull industrious searcher and louer of all natures varieties Iohn Tradescant sometimes belonging to the right Honourable Lord Robert Earle of Salisbury Lord Treasurer of England in his time and then vnto the right Honourable the Lord Wotton at Canterbury in Kent and lastly vnto the late Duke of Buckingham who first receiued it of a friend that brought it out of Virginia thinking it to bee the Silke Grasse that groweth there and hath imparted hereof as of many other things both to me and others the description whereof is as followeth From a stringie roote creeping farre vnder ground and rising vp againe in many places springeth vp diuers heads of long folded leaues of a grayish ouer-worne greene colour two or three for the most part together and not aboue compassing one another at the bottome and abiding greene in many places all the Winter otherwhere perishing and rising anew in the Spring which leaues rise vp with the great round stalke being set thereon at the ioynts vsually but one at a ioynt broad at the bottome where they compasse the stalke and smaller and smaller to the end at the vpper ioynt which is the toppe of the stalke there stand two or three such like leaues but smaller from among which breaketh out a dozen sixteene or twenty or more round green heads hanging downe their heads by little foot-stalkes which when the flower beginneth to blow open groweth longer and standeth vpright hauing three small pale greene leaues for a huske and three other leaues within them for the flower which lay themselues open flat of a deepe blew purple colour hauing an vmbone or small head in the middle closely set about with six reddish hairy or feathered threeds tipt with yellow pendents this flower openeth it selfe in the day shutteth vsually at night and neuer openeth againe but perisheth and then hangeth downe his head againe the greene huske of three leaues closing it selfe againe into the forme of a head but greater as it was before the middle vmbone growing to bee the seede vessell wherein is contained small blackish long seede Seldome shall any man see aboue one or two at the most of these flowers blowne open at one time vpon the stalke whereby it standeth in flowring a long time before all the heads haue giuen out their flowers The Place This plant groweth in some parts of Virginia and was deliuered to Iohn Tradescant The Time It flowreth from the end of May vntill Iuly if it haue had greene leaues all the Winter or otherwise vntill the Winter checke his luxuriousnesse The Names Vnto this plant I confesse I first imposed the name by considering duely all the parts thereof which vntill some can finde a more proper I desire may still continue and to call it Ephemerum Virginianum Tradescanti Iohn Tradescante's Spider-wort of Virginia or Phalangium Ephemerum Virginianum The soone fading or Day Spider-wort of Virginia The Vertues There hath not beene any tryall made of the properties since wee had it nor doe we know whether the Indians haue any vse thereof CHAP. XVI Colchicum Medowe Saffron TO returne to the rest of the bulbous and tuberous rooted plants that remaine to bee entreated of the Colchica or Medowe Saffrons are first to bee handled whereof these later dayes haue found out more varieties then formerly were knowne some flowring in

haue besides this shew of great prickes a few very fine and small hard white and sharpe almost insensible prickes being not so bigge as haires on the vnderside which will often sticke in their fingers that handle them vnaduisedly neither are they to be discerned vnlesse one look precisely for them the leaues on the vnderside hauing none of those other great pricks or marks at all being of a faire fresh pale green colour out of the vppermost leaues breake forth certaine greene heads very like vnto leaues so that many are deceiued thinking them to be leaues vntill they marke them better and be better experienced in them but that they growe round and not flat and are broad at the toppe for that out of the tops of euery of them shooteth out a pale yellow flower consisting of two rowes of leaues each containing fiue leaues a peece laid open with certaine yellow threads tipt with red in the middle this greene head vntill the flower be past is not of halfe that bignesse that it attaineth vnto after yet seldome or neuer commeth vnto perfection with vs being long and round like vnto a Figge small belowe and greater aboue bearing vpon the flat or broad head the marke of the flower some holding still on them the dryed leaues and others hauing lost them shew the hollownesse which they haue in the toppe or middle of the head the sides round about being raised or standing vp higher this head or figge in our Country abideth greene on the outside and little or nothing reddish within although it abide all the Winter and the Summer following as sometimes it doth for want of that heate and comfort of the Sunne it hath in his naturall place where it groweth reddish on the outside and containing within it a bloudy red clammy iuyce making the vrine of them that eate of them as red as bloud which many seeing were in doubt of themselues lest their vrine were not very bloud of what sweetnesse like a figge in the naturall places I am not well assured yet affirmed but those that haue beene brought vnto me whose colour on the outside was greenish were of a reddish purple within and contained within them round small hard seede the taste was flat waterish or insipide the roote is neither great nor disperseth it selfe very deepe or farre but shooteth many small rootes vnder the vpper crust of the earth There is a greater kinde hereof whose leaues are twice or thrice as bigge which hauing been often brought vs will seldome abide more then one Summer with vs our Winters alwaies rotting the leaues that it could not be longer kept The Place This Indian Figge tree groweth dispersedly in many places of America generally called the West Indies The greater kinde in the more remote and hot Countries as Mexico Florida c. and in the Bermudas or Summer Islands from whence wee haue often had it The lesser in Virginia and those other Countries that are nearer vnto vs which better endureth with vs. The Time It flowreth with vs sometimes in May or Iune but as I said the fruit neuer commeth to perfection in this Country The Names Diuers doe take it to bee Opuntia Plinij whereof hee speaketh in the 21. Booke and 17. Chapter of his Naturall History but he there saith Opuntia is an herbe sweete and pleasant to be eaten and that it is a wonder that the roote should come from the leafe and so to growe which words although they descipher out the manner of the growing of this plant yet because this is a kinde of tree and not an herbe nor to be eaten it cannot bee the same but especially because there is an herbe which groweth in the same manner or very neare vnto it one leafe standing on the toppe or side of another being a Sea plant fit to be eaten with vinegar and oyle as many other herbes are that growe in the salt marshes or neare the Sea whereof Sea Purslane is one which Clusius calleth Lychen Marinus and as Clusius saith Cortusus very fitly called Opuntia marina and out of doubt is the verie same Opuntia that Theophrastus maketh mention of and Plinie out of him Our English people in Virginia and the Bermuda Island where it groweth plentifully because of the form of the fruit which is somewhat like to a Peare not being so familiarly acquainted with the growing of Figs sent it vnto vs by the name of the prickly Peare from which name many haue supposed it to be a Peare indeede but were therein deceiued The Vertues There is no other especiall property giuen hereunto by any that haue written of the West Indies then of the colouring of the vrine as is before said CHAP. CXVII Yuca siue Iucca The supposed Indian Iucca THis rare Indian plant hath a great thicke tuberous roote spreading in time into many tuberous heads from the head whereof shooteth forth many long hard and guttured leaues very sharpe pointed compassing as it were one another at the bottome of a grayish greene colour which doe not fall away but abide euer greene on the plant from the middle whereof springeth forth now and then but not euery yeare a strong round stalke diuided into diuers branches whereon stand diuers white and somewhat large flowers hanging downe their heads consisting of six leaues with diuers veines of a weake reddish or blush colour spread on the backe of the three outer leaues especially from the middle of the leaues to the bottome and not rising to the edge of the leafe of any flower which fall away without bearing any seede in our Country as farre as euer could be obserued either in the plant that Master Gerard kept a long time by him or by Robinus at Paris his plant which Master Gerard sent vnto him or yet by that plant that Vespasian Robin the sonne of old Robin sent vnto Master Iohn de Franqueuille and now abideth and flourisheth in my Garden The Place It was first brought into England as Master Gerard saith from the West Indies by a seruant of Master Thomas Edwards an Apothecary of Exeter and imparted to him who kept it vnto his death but perished with him that got it from his widow intending to send it to his Country house The Time It flowreth not vntill Iuly and the flowers fall away sodainely after they haue beene blowne open a while The Names Master Gerard first as I thinke called it Iucca supposing it to bee the true Yuca of Theuet wherewith the Indians make bread called Cassaua but the true Iucca is described to haue a leafe diuided into seuen or nine parts which this hath not Yet not knowing by what better name to call it let it hold still his first imposition vntill a fitter may be giuen it The Vertues Wee haue not heard of any that hath either read heard or experimented the faculties hereof nor yet whether it hath good or euill taste for being rare and possessed but by a few they that haue it

much vsed in winter as a sallet herbe with great delight but the curld Endiue is both farre the fairer and the tenderer for that purpose CHAP. XXIX Spinachia siue Olus Hispanicum Spinach SPinach or Spinage is of three sorts yet some doe reckon of foure accounting that herbe that beareth no seede to be a sort of it selfe when it is but an accident of nature as it falleth out in Hempe Mercury and diuers other herbes two that bear prickly seed the one much greater then the other the third that beareth a smooth seede which is more daintie and noursed vp but in few Gardens The common Spinach which is the lesser of the two prickly sorts hath long greene leaues broad at the stalke and rent or torne as it were into foure corners and sharpe pointed at the ends it quickly runneth vp to stalke if it be sowen in the Spring time but else if at the end of Summer it will abide all the winter green and then suddenly in the very beginning of the Spring runne vp to stalke bearing many leaues both below and at the toppe where there doth appeare many smal greenish flowers in clusters and after them prickly seede The other greater sort that hath prickly seede is in all things like the former but larger both in stalke leafe and seede The smooth Spinach hath broader and a little rounder pointed leaues then the first especially the lower leaues for those that grow vpwards vpon the stalke are more pointed and as it were three square of as darke a greene colour as the former at the seuerall ioynts of the stalkes and branches stand clustering many small greenish flowers which turne into clusters of round whitish seede without any prickles at all vpon them the roote is long white and small like vnto the other with many fibres at it If it be often cut it will grow the thicker or else spindle vp very thinly and with but few leaues vpon the stalke The Vse of Spinage Spinage is an herbe fit for sallets and for diuers other purposes for the table only for it is not knowne to bee vsed Physically at all Many English that haue learned it of the Dutch people doe stew the herbe in a pot or pipkin without any other moisture then it owne and after the moisture is a little pressed from it they put butter and a little spice vnto it and make therewith a dish that many delight to eate of It is vsed likewise to be made into Tartes and many other varieties of dishes as Gentlewomen and their Cookes can better tell then my selfe vnto whom I leaue the further ordering of these herbes and all other fruits and rootes of this Garden For I intend only to giue you the knowledge of them with some briefe notes for their vse and no more 1 Malua crispa French Mallowes 2 Endiuia Endiue 3 Cichorium Succory 4 Spinachia Spinach 5 Lactuca crispa Curld Lettice 6 Lactuca parula An open Lettice 7 Lactuca capitata vulgaris Ordinary cabbage Lettice 8 Lactuca capitata Romana The great Romane cabbage Lettice 9 Lactuca ag●●ina Corne Sallet or Lambes Lettice CHAP. XXX Lactuca Lettice THere are so many sorts and so great diuersitie of Lettice that I doubt I shall scarce be beleeued of a great many For I doe in this Chapter reckon vp vnto you eleauen or twelue differing sorts some of little vse others of more being more common and vulgar and some that are of excellent vse and seruice which are more rare and require more knowledge and care for the ordering of them as also for their time of spending as some in the spring some in summer others in autumne and some being whited for the winter For all these sorts I shall not neede many descriptions but only shew you which doe cabbage and which are loose which of of them are great or small white greene or red and which of them beare white seeds and which of them blacke And lastly I haue thought good to adde another Sallet herbe which because it is called Lambes Lettice of many or Corne Sallet of others is put in only to fill vp a number in this Chapter and that I must speake of it and not that I thinke it to be any of the kindes of Lettice All sorts of Lettice after a while that they haue closed themselues if they bee of the Cabbage kindes or otherwise being loose and neuer closing send forth from among the middle of their leaues a round stalke in some greater in others lesser according to their kinde full of leaues like vnto the lower branching at the toppe into sundry parts whereon grow diuers small star-like flowers of a pale yellowish colour after which come seede eyther white or blackish as the plant yeeldeth whereat hangeth some small peece of a cottony doune wherewith the whole head is stored and is carried away with the winde if it be not gathered in time the roote is somewhat long and white with some fibres at it and perisheth quickely after the seede is ripe The Romane red Lettice is the best and greatest of all the rest For Iohn Tradescante that first as I thinke brought it into England and sowed it did write vnto mee that after one of them had been bound and whited when the refuse was cut away the rest weighed seuenteene ounces this hath blacke seede The white Romane Lettice is like vnto it hauing long leaues like a Teasell it is in goodnesse next vnto the red but must be whited that it may eate kindly the seede hereof is white The Virginia Lettice hath single and very broade reddish leaues and is not of any great regard and therefore is kept but of a few it beareth blacke seede The common Lumbard Lettice that is loose and another kinde thereof that doth somewhat cabbage haue both white seedes The Venice Lettice is an excellent Cabbage Lettice and is best to bee sowen after Midsummer for lateward Lettice they be sometimes as great as the crowne of a mans hatt the seede hereof is white and groweth to be of a meane height Our common Cabbage Lettice is well known and beareth blacke seede The curld Lettice which is open and differeth but little from Endiue beareth black seede Another sort of curld Lettice doth cabbage and is called Flanders Cropers or Cropers of Bruges this groweth lowest and hath the smallest head but very hard and round and white while it groweth the seed is blacke A kinde of Romane Lettice is of a darke green colour growing as low as the Venice Lettice and is an excellent kinde bearing blacke seede And lastly our winter Lettice is wonderfull hardy to endure our cold It is but single and must be sowen at Michaelmas but will be very good before any of the other good sorts sowen in the Spring will be ready to be vsed and beareth white seed To instruct a nouice for I teach not a Gardiner of knowledge how to gather his seede that it may be good is in this manner